USAP-DC

{"dp_type": "Project", "free_text": "PH"}

[{"awards": "2317995 Herman, Rachael", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-59 -61,-58 -61,-57 -61,-56 -61,-55 -61,-55 -61.5,-55 -62,-55 -62.5,-55 -63,-55 -63.5,-55 -64,-55 -64.5,-55 -65,-55 -65.5,-55 -66,-56 -66,-57 -66,-58 -66,-59 -66,-60 -66,-61 -66,-62 -66,-63 -66,-64 -66,-65 -66,-65 -65.5,-65 -65,-65 -64.5,-65 -64,-65 -63.5,-65 -63,-65 -62.5,-65 -62,-65 -61.5,-65 -61))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 04 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) inhabit one of the fastest warming regions on Earth, the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), where environmental shifts are measured in years, not decades. Despite this, the species is flourishing, growing in numbers and colonizing new habitats while sister species, such as Ad\u00e9lie penguins (P. adeliae), are declining in the region. This project will investigate to what extent epigenetics contributes to the success of gentoo penguins. Epigenetic variation is controlled by modifications to DNA or chromatin structure that affect the expression of genes, rather than changes to the underlying DNA sequence. This project will improve the understanding of gentoo penguin adaptation to climate change, and whether it is a result of increased flexibility in behavior and physiology driven by a greater capacity for epigenetic changes (i.e., epigenetic potential). The most studied form of epigenetic variation is the profiling of DNA methylation patterns. Environmental effects can trigger changes in DNA methylation that target specific tissues, allowing for localized gene expression shifts that result in modifications to the phenotype of an organism without any alteration to the underlying genotype. Given that epigenetic variation between populations often exceeds genetic variation, fine-scale genetic differentiation observed amongst gentoo penguin colonies suggests the possibility for local adaptation via even more divergent epigenetic changes and provides a framework for examining epigenetic variation across the gentoo penguin breeding range along multiple ecological axes. The researchers will test this by comprehensively characterizing the epigenomic profiles via patterns of DNA methylation in wild gentoo and Ad\u00e9lie penguins using cutting-edge high-resolution genomics techniques. Specifically, they will investigate whether gentoo penguins exhibit a greater degree of differences in DNA-methylation than underlying genetic differences, suggesting such epigenetic variation is driven by external environmental variables, potentially leading to improved capacity for local adaptation. This project will explore whether epigenetic potential may be selected for in individuals who disperse to new colony locations by comparing older, established colonies to new colonies at the range-edge. By implementing cutting-edge epigenetic methods in wild populations of gentoo penguins, this project will help address ecological questions on environmental plasticity that will impact conservation efforts and decisions on Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) on the Antarctic Peninsula.", "east": -55.0, "geometry": "POINT(-60 -63.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Gentoo Penguin; ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS; Adaptation; Methylation; Antarctic Peninsula; Climate Change; Epigenetic Variation; PENGUINS", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Post Doc/Travel", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Herman, Rachael", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -66.0, "title": "Postdoctoral Fellowship: OPP-PRF: Epigenetic Potential as a Driver of Local Adaptation in Gentoo Penguins (Pygoscelis Papua) along the Western Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "p0010477", "west": -65.0}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "The Impacts of the Microstructural Location of H2SO4 on the Flow of Polycrystalline Ice", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601831", "doi": null, "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "The Impacts of the Microstructural Location of H2SO4 on the Flow of Polycrystalline Ice", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601831"}], "date_created": "Thu, 05 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Ogunmolasuyi, Ayobami", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": "2420219 Chignell, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((160 -76.5,160.45 -76.5,160.9 -76.5,161.35 -76.5,161.8 -76.5,162.25 -76.5,162.7 -76.5,163.15 -76.5,163.6 -76.5,164.05 -76.5,164.5 -76.5,164.5 -76.7,164.5 -76.9,164.5 -77.1,164.5 -77.3,164.5 -77.5,164.5 -77.7,164.5 -77.9,164.5 -78.1,164.5 -78.3,164.5 -78.5,164.05 -78.5,163.6 -78.5,163.15 -78.5,162.7 -78.5,162.25 -78.5,161.8 -78.5,161.35 -78.5,160.9 -78.5,160.45 -78.5,160 -78.5,160 -78.3,160 -78.1,160 -77.9,160 -77.7,160 -77.5,160 -77.3,160 -77.1,160 -76.9,160 -76.7,160 -76.5))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 13 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Geodiversity is the variety of non-living elements like rocks, landforms, and processes in a given area, and plays an especially critical role in Antarctica. Geodiversity provides the conditions in which life can develop and underpins all ecosystems on Earth. It also provides tangible services to people (like construction materials) as well as intangible benefits (such as scientific knowledge from ice cores and artistic inspiration from glaciers). Despite its importance, Antarctic geodiversity remains under-explored, under-described, and inadequately mapped. This knowledge gap is particularly concerning given the threats posed by increasing human activity and environmental and climate change. This project uses a variety of datasets to map Antarctic geodiversity, assess its benefits to people, and help identify priority locations for conservation. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThrough an interdisciplinary and mixed-method approach, this research will fill a major gap in the current understanding and representations of the Antarctic. Using the McMurdo Dry Valleys as a case study, the researcher will combine geospatial data on geology, geomorphology, glaciology, and hydrology to map geodiversity of the region. This project will identify sites of key geosystem services by analyzing geospatial data on placenames, scientific samples, and a web-based participatory mapping survey. The geodiversity and geosystem services data will then be overlaid and combined to identify hotspots of geo-social diversity. The resulting maps will be compared with the region\u2019s protected area boundaries to assess the fit-for-purpose of current environmental management and identify priority locations for future research and conservation. The fellow will promote Antarctic geodiversity broadly, including at UNESCO International Geodiversity Day.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 164.5, "geometry": "POINT(162.25 -77.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "McMurdo Dry Valleys; LANDSCAPE; ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS; LANDFORMS; GIS; GLACIAL LANDFORMS; RIVERS/STREAMS", "locations": "McMurdo Dry Valleys", "north": -76.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Chignell, Stephen", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "Postdoctoral Fellowship: OPP-PRF: Mapping Antarctic Geodiversity: Assessing People, Place, and Abiotic Nature in the McMurdo Dry Valleys", "uid": "p0010476", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "2428537 Siegelman, Lia", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 06 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The polar oceans act as a central thermostat that helps set the Earth\u2019s temperature and governs our climate. Rapid changes are currently ongoing in the polar regions in response to interactions between the air, ocean, and sea-ice. Despite their importance, air-sea interactions at high latitudes remain poorly understood, in great part due to the observational challenges inherent to this extreme and remote environment. The overarching objective of this project is to develop and test a new generation of autonomous ocean platforms specifically designed to withstand the harsh polar environment, to enable improved understanding and quantification of fine-scale air-sea fluxes in these key regions of the globe. Doing so will enable the research community to advance observational capabilities of under-sampled high-latitude oceans while being respectful of the environment and local communities. Compared to research vessels, our wave-propelled platforms (\u201dWave Gliders\u201d) produce a very low acoustic footprint, minimizing behavioral impact to marine mammals such as whales and seals, who are highly affected by underwater noise pollution generated by classical research vessels.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eResearchers will develop and test advanced capabilities added to existing, off-the-shelf platforms to operate in the extreme conditions of the high latitude oceans in order to understand how the ocean transfers heat and momentum to the atmosphere at fine scales. To accomplish this goal, instrumented Wave Gliders will first be upgraded with state-of-the-art technology for propulsion, energy generation and storage, anti-icing, and a scientific payload capable of operating for long durations in polar oceans. This new technology will be implemented and tested in the Air-Sea Interaction Laboratory and the recently completed SOARS facility at the Scripps Institution of Oceanography, UC San Diego. This facility is capable of developing a polar wave glider, as it can incorporate sea ice and freezing sea spray similar to real world conditions. The validation of the instrumented autonomous vehicles will be conducted during multiple short deployments, initially off La Jolla, CA with a final deployment in the Southern Ocean in polar conditions. Students from local robotics programs will participate in both the development and testing of the polar wave glider.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "OCEAN CURRENTS; Southern Ocean; SURFACE WINDS", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Siegelman, Lia; Lenain, Luc", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "EAGER: Developing High Latitudes Capabilities for Wave Gliders", "uid": "p0010475", "west": null}, {"awards": "2332062 Kim, Heather", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-80 -59,-76.8 -59,-73.6 -59,-70.4 -59,-67.2 -59,-64 -59,-60.8 -59,-57.599999999999994 -59,-54.4 -59,-51.2 -59,-48 -59,-48 -60.6,-48 -62.2,-48 -63.8,-48 -65.4,-48 -67,-48 -68.6,-48 -70.2,-48 -71.8,-48 -73.4,-48 -75,-51.2 -75,-54.4 -75,-57.6 -75,-60.8 -75,-64 -75,-67.2 -75,-70.4 -75,-73.6 -75,-76.8 -75,-80 -75,-80 -73.4,-80 -71.8,-80 -70.2,-80 -68.6,-80 -67,-80 -65.4,-80 -63.8,-80 -62.2,-80 -60.6,-80 -59))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 05 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) is experiencing significant environmental changes, including warming temperatures, reduced sea ice, and glacier retreat. These changes could impact marine ecosystems and biological and chemical processes, particularly the biological pump, which is the process by which carbon is transported from the ocean surface to the deep sea, playing a crucial role in regulating atmospheric carbon dioxide levels. This project aims to understand how climate change affects the biological pump in the WAP region. Using a combination of advanced modeling techniques and data from long-term research programs, the project will investigate the processes governing the biological pump and its climate feedback. The findings will provide insights into the future dynamics of the WAP region and contribute to our understanding of climate change impacts on polar marine ecosystems. This research is important as it will enhance knowledge of how polar regions respond to climate change, which is vital for predicting global climate patterns and informing conservation efforts. Furthermore, the project supports the development of early-career researchers and promotes diversity in science through collaborations with educational programs and outreach to underrepresented communities.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis project focuses on the WAP, a region undergoing rapid environmental changes. The goal is to investigate and quantify the factors controlling the biological pump and its feedback to climate change and variability. A novel hybrid modeling framework will be developed, integrating observational data from the Palmer Long-Term Ecological Research program and the Rothera Oceanographic and Biological Time-Series into a sophisticated one-dimensional mechanistic biogeochemical model. This framework will utilize Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning techniques for data assimilation and parameter optimization. By incorporating complementary datasets and optimizing model parameters, the project aims to reduce uncertainties in modeling biological pump processes. The study will also use climate scenarios from the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 to assess the impacts of future climate conditions on the biological pump. Additionally, the project will examine the role of vertical mixing of dissolved organic matter in total export production, providing a comprehensive understanding of the WAP carbon cycle. The outcomes will improve temporal resolution and data assimilation, advancing the mechanistic understanding of the interplay between ocean dynamics and biogeochemical processes in the changing polar environment. The project will also leverage unique datasets and make the model framework and source codes publicly available, facilitating collaboration and benefiting the broader scientific community. Outreach efforts include engaging with educational programs and promoting diversity in Polar Science through collaborations with institutions serving underrepresented groups.", "east": -48.0, "geometry": "POINT(-64 -67)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "West Antarctic; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; PELAGIC; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS", "locations": "West Antarctic", "north": -59.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Kim, Heather", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -75.0, "title": "Projecting the Biological Carbon Pump and Climate Feedback in the Rapidly Changing West Antarctic Peninsula: A Hybrid Modeling Study", "uid": "p0010474", "west": -80.0}, {"awards": "1955368 Detrich, Harry; 2324998 Daane, Jacob", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 01 Aug 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Part I: Nontechnical description The ecologically important notothenioid fish of the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica will be studied to address questions central to polar, evolutionary, and adaptational biology. The rapid diversification of the notothenioids into \u003e120 species following a period of Antarctic glaciation and cooling of the Southern Ocean is thought to have been facilitated by key evolutionary innovations, including antifreeze glycoproteins to prevent freezing and bone reduction to increase buoyancy. In this project, a large dataset of genomic sequences will be used to evaluate the genetic mechanisms that underlie the broad pattern of novel trait evolution in these fish, including traits relevant to human diseases (e.g., bone density, renal function, and anemia). The team will develop new STEM-based research and teaching modules for undergraduate education at Northeastern University. The work will provide specific research training to scholars at all levels, including a post-doctoral researcher, a graduate student, undergraduate students, and high school students. The team will also contribute to public outreach, including, in part, the develop of teaching videos in molecular evolutionary biology and accompanying educational supplements. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e Part II: Technical description The researchers will leverage their comprehensive notothenioid phylogenomic dataset comprising \u003e250,000 protein-coding exons and conserved non-coding elements across 44 ingroup and 2 outgroup species to analyze the genetic origins of three iconic notothenioid traits: (1) loss of erythrocytes by the icefish clade in a cold, stable and highly-oxygenated marine environment. (2) reduction in bone mass and retention of juvenile skeletal characteristics as buoyancy mechanisms to facilitate foraging. And (3) loss of kidney glomeruli to retain energetically expensive antifreeze glycoproteins. The team will first track patterns of change in erythroid-related genes throughout the notothenioid phylogeny. They will then examine whether repetitive evolution of a pedomorphic skeleton in notothenioids is based on parallel or divergent evolution of genetic regulators of heterochrony. Third, they will determine whether there is mutational bias in the mechanisms of loss and re-emergence of kidney glomeruli. Finally, identified genetic mechanisms of evolutionary change will be validated by experimental testing using functional genomic strategies in the zebrafish model system.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "United States Of America; FISH", "locations": "United States Of America", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Daane, Jacob; Detrich, H. William", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "ANT LIA: Collaborative Research: Evolutionary Patterns and Mechanisms of Trait Diversification in the Antarctic Notothenioid Radiation", "uid": "p0010473", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2031121 Junge, Karen", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 30 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The ozone hole that develops over the Antarctic continent every spring is one of the features attributed to human activity, in particular production of the CFC (chlorofluorocarbons in refrigerants) released to the atmosphere. In spite of the CFC ban from the Montreal Protocol established in the year 1987, the recovery has been slower than predicted. Bromocarbons, known to produce the stratospheric ozone depletion, have recently been estimated to contribute to the pool of bromines in the lower atmosphere. What is the origin of the bromocarbons in Antarctic sea ice? Is this an additional source of chemicals creating the ozone hole? This project will test if bromocarbons in sea ice are produced and degraded by microalgae and bacteria found in sea ice, in snow and the interface between the two. The project will collect a suite of chemical and biological measurements of sea ice and snow to determine bromocarbon concentrations, microbial activity associated with them, and intra-cellular genes and proteins involved in bromocarbon metabolism. This project benefits NSF\u2019s goals of expanding fundamental knowledge of Antarctic systems, biota, and processes, and improving the understanding of interactions among the Antarctic systems, cryosphere and organisms. The work will be carried out at McMurdo Station in late austral spring, including sampling of snow and ice that will be concentrated in the laboratory, and 24-hour experiments to measure algal and bacterial activity. Genes controlling synthesis of enzymes involved in bromocarbon metabolism are of interest in biotechnology and bioremediation, including products that repair damaged skin from UltraViolet Radiation. The project will train undergraduate students on chemical and biological techniques. The Principal Investigators will be involved in the Pacific Science Center in Seattle with ~10,000 visitors per weekend where they will develop a project-specific exhibit. The microbial processes in snow and ice associated with bromocarbon synthesis and degradation have not been studied in Antarctica during winter and spring. This study will inform about microbial activity in relation to the release of bromocarbons compounds from the snow and ice surfaces, compounds known to degrade stratospheric ozone. The estimation of chemical bromocarbons will be combined with metagenomics and metaproteomics approaches for understanding the potential role of microbes in snow and sea ice. The environmental, chemical and biological data will be synthesized with multivariate analysis and significant differences between sites and experimental treatments with ANOVA. A collaborator from the University of Goteborg in Sweden will collaborate on bromocarbon analyses. The study will also address \u201csaline snow\u201d a new environment not previously studied for microbial life. In addition, this is the first study of meta-proteomics in snow and ice. The Principal Investigators expect their results will help inform ozone hole recovery in the 21st century.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "McMurdo Sound; COASTAL; BACTERIA/ARCHAEA; SEA ICE; SNOW/ICE", "locations": "McMurdo Sound", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Junge, Karen; Nunn, Brook L", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Sea-ice Snow Microbial Communities\u2019 Impact on Antarctic Bromocarbon Budgets and Processes", "uid": "p0010472", "west": null}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Deuterium isotopic composition of atmospheric methane across Dansgaard Oesgher Event 8, Talos Dome Ice Core, Antarctica", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601814", "doi": null, "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Deuterium isotopic composition of atmospheric methane across Dansgaard Oesgher Event 8, Talos Dome Ice Core, Antarctica", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601814"}], "date_created": "Tue, 23 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Abrupt Climate Change; Antarctica; Biogeochemical Cycles; Carbon Cycle; Cryosphere; Ice Core Records; Talos Dome", "locations": "Talos Dome; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Lee, James; Clark, Reid; Menking, James; Brook, Edward J.; Bauska, Thomas; Fischer, Hubertus; Riddell-Young, Benjamin; Iseli, Rene; Schmitt, Jochen", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": "0087144 Conway, Howard", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-150 -83.5,-148 -83.5,-146 -83.5,-144 -83.5,-142 -83.5,-140 -83.5,-138 -83.5,-136 -83.5,-134 -83.5,-132 -83.5,-130 -83.5,-130 -83.65,-130 -83.8,-130 -83.95,-130 -84.1,-130 -84.25,-130 -84.4,-130 -84.55,-130 -84.7,-130 -84.85,-130 -85,-132 -85,-134 -85,-136 -85,-138 -85,-140 -85,-142 -85,-144 -85,-146 -85,-148 -85,-150 -85,-150 -84.85,-150 -84.7,-150 -84.55,-150 -84.4,-150 -84.25,-150 -84.1,-150 -83.95,-150 -83.8,-150 -83.65,-150 -83.5))", "dataset_titles": "Impulse HF radar data from Conway Ridge", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601810", "doi": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Siple Coast", "people": "Christianson, Knut; Conway, Howard; Hoffman, Andrew", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Impulse HF radar data from Conway Ridge", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601810"}], "date_created": "Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine ice sheets are low-pass filters of climate variability that take centuries to adjust to interior and near-terminus changes in mass balance. Constraining these century-scale changes from satellite observations that span only the last 40 years is challenging. Here, we take a different approach of carefully synthesizing different data sets to infer changes in the configurations of van der Veen and Mercer Ice Streams on the Siple Coast over the past 3000 years from englacial features encoded in ice-penetrating radar data. Englacial radar data from Conway Ridge reveal smooth, surface conformal layers overlying disrupted stratigraphy that suggest the van der Veen Ice Stream was 40 km wider over 3000 years ago. Englacial layer dating indicates that the ice stream narrowed to its present configuration between $\\sim3000$ and $\\sim1000$ years ago. Similarly disrupted stratigraphy and buried crevasses suggest that ice flowing from Mercer to Whillans Ice Stream across the northwestern tip of the ridge slowed shortly after. Using an ice-flow model capable of simulating shear margin migration, we evaluate whether small changes in ice thickness can lead to large changes in shear margin location. Our results suggest that the tip of Conway Ridge is sensitive to thinning and thickening, and that when the basal strength at the tip of the ridge increases with the height above flotation, the ice sheet shear margins can change quickly.", "east": -130.0, "geometry": "POINT(-140 -84.25)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "GLACIER ELEVATION/ICE SHEET ELEVATION; Siple Coast", "locations": "Siple Coast", "north": -83.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Hoffman, Andrew; Conway, Howard", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -85.0, "title": "Glacial History of Ridge AB, West Antarctica", "uid": "p0010470", "west": -150.0}, {"awards": "2336354 Juarez Rivera, Marisol", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((160 -76.5,160.45 -76.5,160.9 -76.5,161.35 -76.5,161.8 -76.5,162.25 -76.5,162.7 -76.5,163.15 -76.5,163.6 -76.5,164.05 -76.5,164.5 -76.5,164.5 -76.7,164.5 -76.9,164.5 -77.1,164.5 -77.3,164.5 -77.5,164.5 -77.7,164.5 -77.9,164.5 -78.1,164.5 -78.3,164.5 -78.5,164.05 -78.5,163.6 -78.5,163.15 -78.5,162.7 -78.5,162.25 -78.5,161.8 -78.5,161.35 -78.5,160.9 -78.5,160.45 -78.5,160 -78.5,160 -78.3,160 -78.1,160 -77.9,160 -77.7,160 -77.5,160 -77.3,160 -77.1,160 -76.9,160 -76.7,160 -76.5))", "dataset_titles": "Lake Fryxell 2022-2023 benthic microbial mat thickness and number of laminae", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601839", "doi": "10.15784/601839", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Dry Valleys; Lake Fryxell; Laminae; Microbial Mat; Thickness", "people": "Hawes, Ian; Juarez Rivera, Marisol; Sumner, Dawn; Paul, Ann; Mackey, Tyler", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Lake Fryxell 2022-2023 benthic microbial mat thickness and number of laminae", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601839"}], "date_created": "Fri, 05 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Perennially ice-covered lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica contain abundant microbial mats, and the export of this mat material can fertilize the surrounding polar desert ecosystems. These desert soils are one of the most organic-poor on earth yet host a community of microorganisms. Microbial mat material is exported from the shallow, gas-supersaturated regions of the lakes when gas bubbles form in the mats, lifting them to the ice cover. The perennial ice cover maintains gas supersaturation. These mats freeze in and are exported to the surrounding soils through ice ablation. The largest seasonal decrease and thinnest ice cover in the history of Lake Fryxell was recorded during the 2022-2023 Austral summer. In this thin ice year, the water column dissolved oxygen increased over prior observations, and the lake bottom surface area with bubble-disrupted mat was more than double that observed in 1980-1981 and 2006-2007. This work will constrain mat mobilization within and out of Lake Fryxell in the McMurdo Dry Valleys during a period of unprecedented ice thinning to understand how future changing regional climate and predicted seasonal loss of lake ice cover will affect nutrient transport in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Exceptional years of mat export are hypothesized to have the most significant impact on nutrient export to soil communities. Variability in mat liftoff may thus play a role in the McMurdo Dry Valleys ecosystem response to changing climate. The perennial ice cover of lakes in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica modulates the transfer of gasses, organic and inorganic material, between the lakes and surrounding soils. The export of biomass in these lakes is driven by the supersaturation of atmospheric gasses in the shallow regions under perennial ice cover. Gas bubbles nucleate in the mats, producing buoyancy that lifts them to the bottom of the ice, where they freeze in and are exported to the surrounding soils through ice ablation. These mats represent a significant source of biomass and nutrients to the McMurdo Dry Valleys soils, which are among the most organic-poor on earth. Nevertheless, this biomass remains unaccounted for in organic carbon cycling models for the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Ice cover data from the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research Project shows that the ice thickness has undergone cyclical variation over the last 40 years, reaching the largest seasonal decrease and thinnest ice-cover in the recorded history of Lake Fryxell during the 2022-2023 austral summer. Preliminary work shows that the surface area with mat liftoff at Lake Fryxell is more than double that observed in 1980-1981 and 2006-2007, coinciding with this unprecedented thinning of the ice-cover and an increase in the water column dissolved O2. This research will constrain biomass mobilization within and out of Lake Fryxell in the McMurdo Dry Valleys during a period of unprecedented ice thinning. The researchers hypothesize that a thinner ice cover promotes more biomass mobilization by 1) stimulating additional production of gas bubbles from the existing gas-supersaturated waters during summertime photosynthesis to create microbial mat liftoff and 2) promoting mat liftoff in deeper, thicker microbial mats, and 3) that this biomass can be traced into the soils by characterizing its chemistry and modeling the most likely depositional settings. This work will use microbial mat samples, lake dissolved oxygen and photosynthetically active radiation data and underwater drone footage documenting the depth distribution of liftoff mats in January 2023, and long-term ice cover thickness, photosynthetically active radiation, and lake level change data collected by the McMurdo Dry Valleys Long Term Ecological Research Project to test hypotheses 1-3. The dispersal of the liftoff mat exposed at Lake Fryxell surface will be modeled using a Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory (HYSPLIT) model. Exceptional liftoff years like the present are hypothesized to have the most significant impact on the soil communities as the rates of soil respiration increase with the addition of carbon. However, continued warming in the next 10 - 40 years may result in seasonal loss of the ice cover and cessation of liftoff mat export.", "east": 164.5, "geometry": "POINT(162.25 -77.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Stable Isotopes; MINERALS; LAKE/POND; ISOTOPES; Organic Matter; McMurdo Dry Valleys; SEDIMENTARY ROCKS", "locations": "McMurdo Dry Valleys", "north": -76.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Juarez Rivera, Marisol", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "RAPID: Is Biomass Mobilization at Ice-covered Lake Fryxell, Antarctica reaching a Critical Threshold?", "uid": "p0010467", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "1903681 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Final N2O isotopic data including isotopomer ratios for the last deglaciation and Heinrich Stadia 4/Dansgaard Oeschger Event 8", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601803", "doi": "10.15784/601803", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Final N2O isotopic data including isotopomer ratios for the last deglaciation and Heinrich Stadia 4/Dansgaard Oeschger Event 8", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601803"}], "date_created": "Wed, 26 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Ice Core; Nitrous Oxide; Taylor Glacier", "locations": "Taylor Glacier; Antarctica; Taylor Glacier", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Brook, Edward J.; Menking, Andy", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": "1903681 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Final N2O isotopic data including isotopomer ratios for the last deglaciation and Heinrich Stadial 4/Dansgaard Oeschger Event 8; Preliminary nitrous oxide site preference isotopic data for last deglaciation from Taylor Glacier", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200408", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Final N2O isotopic data including isotopomer ratios for the last deglaciation and Heinrich Stadial 4/Dansgaard Oeschger Event 8", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601803"}, {"dataset_uid": "601592", "doi": "10.15784/601592", "keywords": "Antarctica; Nitrous Oxide; Taylor Glacier", "people": "Brook, Edward J.; Menking, Andy", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Preliminary nitrous oxide site preference isotopic data for last deglaciation from Taylor Glacier", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601592"}], "date_created": "Wed, 19 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The objective of this project was to understand why the nitrous oxide (N2O) content of the atmosphere was lower during the last ice age (about 20,000-100,000 years ago) than in the subsequent warm period (10,000 years ago to present) and why it fluctuated during climate changes within the ice age. Nitrous oxide is a greenhouse gas that contributes to modern global warming. It is thought that modern warming will in turn cause increases in natural sources of nitrous oxide from bacteria in soils and the ocean, creating a \"positive feedback.\" However, the amount these sources will increase is uncertain because the different ways that nitrous oxide are produced, and how sensitive they are to warmer climate, are not well known. This project measured a unique property of the nitrous oxide molecule in very large ancient air samples from a glacier in Antarctica. This method can distinguish between different microbial processes that produce nitrous oxide but it has not been applied yet to the time periods in question. The data provide information about how natural climate changes affect nitrous oxide production. This project developed two records of the intramolecular site preference of Nitrogen-15 in N2O. One record spans the last deglaciation (10,000-21,000 years ago) when atmospheric N2O concentration rose by 30 percent, and the other record spans millennial-scale climate changes during the last ice age when N2O varied by smaller amounts (Heinrich Stadial 4 and Dansgaard Oeschger 8, 35,000-41,000 years ago). The records will be used to understand what changes in the nitrogen cycle caused atmospheric N2O concentration to vary and what mechanisms link the N2O emissions to climate change. This work also allowed exploration of an isotopic tracer for in situ production of N2O that contaminates the atmospheric signal in particularly dusty ice. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Taylor Glacier; Nitrous Oxide; TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES; Ice Core; Stable Isotopes; NITROUS OXIDE", "locations": "Taylor Glacier", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": "PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC \u003e QUATERNARY", "persons": "Brook, Edward", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Deciphering Changes in Atmospheric Nitrous Oxide Concentration During the Last Ice Age Using the Intramolecular Site-Preference of Nitrogen Isotopes", "uid": "p0010465", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2129252 Iverson, Neal", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Permeability anisotropy of foliated glacier ice", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601801", "doi": "10.15784/601801", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Permeability anisotropy of foliated glacier ice", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601801"}], "date_created": "Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Stream; Lab Experiment; Rheology; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Water Content", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Iverson, Neal; Fowler, Jacob", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": "2129252 Iverson, Neal", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Relationship Between the Permeability and Liquid Water Content of Polycrystalline Temperate Ice", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601802", "doi": "10.15784/601802", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Relationship Between the Permeability and Liquid Water Content of Polycrystalline Temperate Ice", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601802"}], "date_created": "Fri, 14 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciology; Ice Stream; Lab Experiment; Rheology; Water Content", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Iverson, Neal; Fowler, Jacob", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": "2213704 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Glacial Climate Intervention: A Research Vision", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601797", "doi": "10.15784/601797", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Glacial Climate Intervention: A Research Vision", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601797"}], "date_created": "Thu, 13 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; Chicago; Cryosphere", "locations": "Chicago; Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Moore, John; MacAyeal, Douglas; Mankoff, Kenneth; Minchew, Brent; Wolovick, Michael", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 13 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Amundsen Sea, near the fastest melting Antarctic glaciers, hosts one of the most productive polar ecosystems in the world. Phytoplankton serve as the base of the food chain, and their growth also removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Phytoplankton growth is fertilized in this area by nutrient iron, which is only present at low concentrations in seawater. Prior studies have shown the seabed sediments may provide iron to the Amundsen Sea ecosystem. However, sediment sources of iron have never been studied here directly. This project fills this gap by analyzing sediments from the Amundsen Sea and investigating whether sediment iron fertilizes plankton growth. The results will help scientists understand the basic ecosystem drivers and predict the effects of climate change on this vibrant, vulnerable region. This project also emphasizes inclusivity and openness to the public. The researchers will establish a mentoring network for diverse polar scientists through the Polar Impact Network and communicate their results to the public through the website CryoConnect.org. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis project leverages samples already collected from the Amundsen Sea (NBP22-02) to investigate sediment iron (Fe) cycling and fluxes. The broad questions driving this research are 1) does benthic Fe fertilize Antarctic coastal primary productivity, and 2) what are the feedbacks between benthic Fe release and carbon cycling in the coastal Antarctic? To answer these questions, the researchers will analyze pore water Fe content and speciation and calculate fluxes of Fe across the sediment-water interface. These results will be compared to sediment characteristics (e.g., organic carbon content, reactive Fe content, proximity to glacial sources) to identify controls on benthic Fe release. This research dovetails with and expands on the science goals of the ?Accelerating Thwaites Ecosystem Impacts for the Southern Ocean? (ARTEMIS) project through which the field samples were collected. In turn, the findings of ARTEMIS regarding modeled and observed trace metal dynamics, surface water productivity, and carbon cycling will inform the conclusions of this project, allowing insight into the impact of benthic Fe in the whole system. This project represents a unique opportunity for combined study of the water column and sediment biogeochemistry which will be of great value to the marine biogeochemistry community and will inform future sediment-ocean studies in polar oceanography and beyond.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY; TRACE ELEMENTS", "locations": null, "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "paleo_time": null, "persons": null, "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Benthic Iron Fluxes and Cycling in the Amundsen Sea", "uid": "p0010463", "west": null}, {"awards": "8020002 Kyle, Philip", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Mount Overlord, northern Victoria Land. Age, mineralogical and geochemical data", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601799", "doi": "10.15784/601799", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Mount Overlord, northern Victoria Land. Age, mineralogical and geochemical data", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601799"}], "date_created": "Thu, 13 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Geochemistry; Mount Overlord", "locations": "Mount Overlord; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Kyle, Philip", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Winter marine communities of the Antarctic Peninsula", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601795", "doi": "10.15784/601795", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Winter marine communities of the Antarctic Peninsula", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601795"}], "date_created": "Tue, 28 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Krill; Antarctic Peninsula; Cryosphere; Pack Ice; Polynya; Seabirds; Sea Ice; Winter; Zooplankton", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Czapanskiy, Max; Santora, Jarrod; Reiss, Christian; Dietrich, Kim", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": "0958658 Bell, Robin; 1444690 Bell, Robin", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Deep ICE (DICE) Radar Dataset from Ross Ice Shelf (ROSETTA-Ice); Shallow Ice Radar (SIR) Dataset from Ross Ice Shelf (ROSETTA-Ice)", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601789", "doi": null, "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Ice Thickness; Remote Sensing; Ross Ice Shelf", "people": "Frearson, Nicholas; Dhakal, Tejendra; Bertinato, Christopher; Millstein, Joanna; Wilner, Joel; Dong, LingLing; Das, Indrani; Spergel, Julian; Chu, Winnie; Bell, Robin; Cordero, Isabel", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Deep ICE (DICE) Radar Dataset from Ross Ice Shelf (ROSETTA-Ice)", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601789"}, {"dataset_uid": "601794", "doi": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Remote Sensing; Ross Ice Shelf", "people": "Spergel, Julian; Packard, Sarah; Cordero, Isabel; Frearson, Nicholas; Bertinato, Christopher; Keeshin, Skye; Wearing, Martin; Bell, Robin; Dong, LingLing; Das, Indrani; Dhakal, Tejendra; Chu, Winnie", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Shallow Ice Radar (SIR) Dataset from Ross Ice Shelf (ROSETTA-Ice)", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601794"}], "date_created": "Fri, 17 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory of Columbia University was awarded a multi-year grant (May 1, 2010- April 30, 2015) to develop an ice imaging system, or \"IcePod,\" for use in measuring the surface and subsurface topography of ice sheets. IcePod will enable research on the effects of global climate change on ice sheets and the effects of sub-glacial water on potential sea-level rise. IcePod sensors are contained in a Common Science Support Pod and operated on NYANG LC-130 aircraft during routine and targeted missions over Greenland and Antarctica. The IcePod instrument package consists of ice-penetrating radar, infrared and visible cameras, laser altimeter, inertial measurement unit, GPS receiver and data acquisition system. IcePod will also enable other instruments to be used in the modular Common Science Support Pod, and will become a shared community research facility providing data to the science community. Funding will support activities in both Greenland and Antarctica needed to commission IcePod, to develop a data reduction flow and data delivery system for IcePod data, and to engineer a UPS to provide IcePod with clean, reliable power for system operation. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eEvidence from satellites has documented that the amount of ice in both the earth\u0027s polar regions is decreasing as global temperatures increase. Understanding how this change is occurring and building an understanding of how fast these continent-sized pieces of ice will change in the future, is critical as society develops plans for adapting to changing coastlines. To measure change and understand the processes driving these changes requires the capacity to image the polat ice sheets and oceans from long-range aircraft. This award supplemented the original MRI-R2 program that developed innovative airborne imagery technology called IcePod. IcePod can be mounted on any LC-130, the aircraft used in the polar regions, for the major logistical support. The IcePod system was developed by engineers and scientists at Columbia University, working in close collaboration with the New York Air National Guard, who operate the ski-equipped LC-130 aircraft for the National Science Foundation in Antarctica and Greenland. The IcePod instrumentation package presently consists of: a scanning laser for precise measurements of the ice surface, visible and infrared imaging cameras to document the ice surface structure and temperature, ice-penetrating radar to recover the ice thickness and constrain the distribution of water at the ice sheet bed, and shallow-ice radar to measure snow accumulation. A magnetometer system is mounted inside the pod to recover information on the solid earth structure. Positioning of the IcePod during flights and the measurements are provided by precision GPS satellite data and inertial technology. A gravimeter, using its own rack, is also employed in conjunction with the IcePod sensor suite. The final commissioning of the system occurred in November - December 2014 in Antarctica as stipulated in the award. The IcePod was successfully operated in full polar conditions with a series of flights from McMurdo Station over the Ross Ice Shelf, the Ross Sea, the Dry Valleys, the Transantarctic Mountains and to South Pole. Protocol was also developed for data handling, robust data reduction, workflow and quality control and archiving of data. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe system is now available to the polar community for novel imaging applications.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Greenland; C-130; Remote Sensing; RADAR; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica; Greenland", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Astrophysics and Geospace Sciences; Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Instrumentation and Support; Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Bell, Robin; Frearson, Nicholas; Zappa, Christopher; Studinger, Michael S.", "platforms": "AIR-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PROPELLER \u003e C-130", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Development of an Ice Imaging System for Monitoring Changing Ice Sheets Mounted on the NYANG LC-130", "uid": "p0010462", "west": null}, {"awards": "2301026 Amsler, Charles", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 16 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "General abstract\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eMost organisms alternate between life stages that vary in the number and arrangement of their chromosomes, in the number of cells they possess, and in the environmental conditions in which they are best adapted to live. Much of what we understand about these alternations comes from organisms like animals and land plants in which one of the two stages dominates the life cycle with the other small and short-lived. However, across the tree of life there are countless examples of organisms in which both stages are of long duration, multicellular, or both. These life cycles challenge common ideas used to explain ecological and evolutionary patterns we see in nature. Macroalgae (seaweeds) display a wide range of life cycle types and consequently are excellent models to test and expand ideas about how life cycles evolve. Undersea forests of seaweeds with a variety of life cycle types dominate the shallow waters of the western Antarctic Peninsula where they are ecologically important and, for most of the species, at the southern end of their geographic range. Using existing samples from previous expeditions to Antarctica, the investigators are uniquely positioned to test and expand knowledge of life cycle evolution and how this intersects with reproductive mode variation. This project will also further the NSF goals of training new generations of scientists and of making scientific discoveries available to the public. The project will support a postdoctoral scholar as well as a faculty member new to US Antarctic research. The investigators will take advantage of an existing program to include high school or undergraduate students in the work which will also expand mentorship experience for the postdoc. All team members will contribute by writing for blogs produced by professional societies for the public. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eTechnical abstract\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eExisting macroalgal taxa samples from across a latitudinal gradient in the western Antarctic Peninsula will be used to explore patterns of genetic diversity from the center to the southern latitudinal limits of their range. Not only will genetic diversity be documented for an understudied and critical group of Antarctic organisms, but how it changes with latitude, compounded by high levels of endemism, will be explored. This will be accomplished by (i) characterization of latitudinal gradients in genetic diversity of many species and (ii) determination of the reproductive system of five focal foundation species. At present, there are few genetic data for macroalgae, dominant primary producers in coastal ecosystems around the world. This gap is particularly acute along Antarctic coastlines that are experiencing rapid climate change. Furthermore, Antarctica is isolated by the Southern Ocean, decreasing the likelihood of regular migration from other land masses. Latitudinal reproductive system patterns are predicted to be largely driven by recolonization events that increase with latitude due to changes in iceberg scour and sea ice coverage. Thus, Antarctica is the best place to understand what processes underlie reproductive mode variation in populations that are isolated, including many endemic taxa, while simultaneously extending our knowledge about how marginal environments converge with complex life cycles.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "MACROALGAE (SEAWEEDS); Antarctic Peninsula", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Amsler, Charles; Krueger-Hadfield, Stacy", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Historical and Contemporary Drivers of Macroalgal Reproductive System Variation along the Western Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "p0010460", "west": null}, {"awards": "2423761 Blackburn, Terrence", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 14 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Non-technical abstract\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eEarth\u2019s climatic changes have been recorded in the ice core collected from the Antarctic ice sheet. While these records provide a high resolution view of how polar temperatures changed through time, it is not always clear what Earth process influence Antarctic climate. One likely contributor to Antarctic temperature changes is the cyclic changes in Earth\u2019s orientation as it orbits the sun. These so-called Milankovitch cycles control the amount and pattern of sunlight reaching the polar regions, that in turn result in periods of climatic warming or cooling. While the orbital variations and control on incoming solar energy remain well understood, how they influence Antarctic climate remains unresolved. It is the goal of this project to determine how variations in Earth\u2019s orbit may be locally influencing Antarctic temperatures. The researchers on this project are pursing this goal by identifying periods of past ice melting on the surface of Antarctica using minerals that precipitate from the meltwaters that resulted from past warm periods. The timing of this past melting will be determined by radioisotopic dating of the minerals using the natural radioactive decay of uranium to thorium. By dating numerous samples, collected in past scientific expeditions throughout the Antarctic continent, these researchers aim to reconstruct the frequency and spatial pattern of past warming and in doing so, determine what aspect of Earth\u2019s orbital variations influences Antarctic ice loss.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eTechnical abstract\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eAntarctic ice cores provide high resolution records of Pleistocene Southern Hemisphere temperatures that show an overall coherence with Northern Hemisphere temperature variations. One explanation for this bi-hemispheric temperature covariance relies on changes in atmospheric CO2 that result from varying northern hemisphere insolation. An alternative posits that the apparent coherence of polar temperatures is due to the misleading covariance between northern hemisphere summer insolation and, the southern hemisphere summer duration. At present there is an insufficient understanding of the role that local insolation plays in Antarctic climate. The goal of this research project is to identify the temporal spatial patterns of solar forcing in Antarctica. To reach this goal, the project team will: 1) develop a way to identify periods of past surface melt production in Antarctica using U-Th dating of pedogenic carbonates; and 2) utilize the evidence of past surface melting to calibrate energy balance models and interrogate past Antarctic surface temperatures and; 3) compare the timing of Antarctic warm periods to potential solar forcing mechanisms such as peak summer insolation or summer duration. A means of identifying the spatial and temporal pattern at which local insolation influences Antarctic temperature would provide a transformative solution to the contradiction in current climate records.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctic Ice Sheet; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS", "locations": "Antarctic Ice Sheet", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Blackburn, Terrence", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "EAGER: Pedogenic Carbonates Record Insolation Driven Surface Melting in Antarctica", "uid": "p0010459", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2325046 Thurber, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((162 -77,162.6 -77,163.2 -77,163.8 -77,164.4 -77,165 -77,165.6 -77,166.2 -77,166.8 -77,167.4 -77,168 -77,168 -77.1,168 -77.2,168 -77.3,168 -77.4,168 -77.5,168 -77.6,168 -77.7,168 -77.8,168 -77.9,168 -78,167.4 -78,166.8 -78,166.2 -78,165.6 -78,165 -78,164.4 -78,163.8 -78,163.2 -78,162.6 -78,162 -78,162 -77.9,162 -77.8,162 -77.7,162 -77.6,162 -77.5,162 -77.4,162 -77.3,162 -77.2,162 -77.1,162 -77))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 10 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This RAPID project aims to study a sporadic occurrence of sea star wasting syndrome (SSWS) in McMurdo sound by leveraging diving resources of a CAREER grant to Thurber. The disease was first noted in 2019, with a second occurrence documented by the group at their study site near a methane seep at Cinder Cone in McMurdo Sound in 2022. Sea stars are key species in many benthic ecosystems, including the Antarctic, and this disease has caused significant losses in populations worldwide. In the Southern Ocean, the sea star Odontaster validus preys upon Acodontaster conspicuous, a predator of Antarctic giant sponges. In 2022, about 30% of the O. validus at the methane seep were affected. The conditions associated with the disease in other areas are environmental hypoxia, warm temperatures, and organic enrichment. This recent outbreak provides the opportunity to study how the disease may progress in the Southern Ocean, and test the hypothesis that oxygen dynamics play a key role in the development of SSWS. The investigators aim to measure oxygen concentrations on and off the Cinder Cone seep and at the surface of affected and unaffected sea stars and identify whether the disease causes and microbiome characteristics of SSWS are similar between Antarctic and non-Antarctic outbreaks. These findings can be used to understand the potential effects of future climate conditions on disease outbreaks of Southern Ocean marine organisms critical to ecosystem function and health. In addition to disease dynamics, the study will also help to understand how methane seepage impacts benthic oxygen dynamics. Other broader impacts include communicating the research through a student led YouTube documentary and facilitating the transition of an early career URM researcher from NSF postdoc to a faculty position (lead on viral component of the project).", "east": 168.0, "geometry": "POINT(165 -77.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "BENTHIC; Antarctica; Sea Star Wasting Disease", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Thurber, Andrew; Moran, Amy", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: RAPID: Sea Star Wasting Disease in the High Antarctic: Deciphering the Role of Shifting Carbon and Climate Cycles on a Keystone Predator", "uid": "p0010458", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "2200448 Simms, Alexander", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Constraining the Radiocarbon Reservoir Age for the Southern Ocean Using Whale Bones Salvaged from Early 20th Century Whaling Stations", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601784", "doi": "10.15784/601784", "keywords": "Antarctica; C-14; Cryosphere; Radiocarbon Dates; Whale Bone; Whales", "people": "Friedlaender, Ari; Sremba, Angela; Simms, Alexander; Divola, Claire; Baker, C. Scott; Southon, John", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Constraining the Radiocarbon Reservoir Age for the Southern Ocean Using Whale Bones Salvaged from Early 20th Century Whaling Stations", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601784"}], "date_created": "Thu, 09 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Radiocarbon dating is arguably the most common method for dating Quaternary deposits. However, accurate age assignments using radiocarbon dating are dependent on knowing the radiocarbon reservoir. For the coastal waters across Antarctica, the radiocarbon reservoirs show significant variation, ranging from 700 to 6,000 years depending on the material dated and the period in question. In this study, we examine the radiocarbon reservoir age for the shallow waters of the Southern Ocean using 23 whale bones salvaged from whaling stations operating on or near the Western Antarctic Peninsula between 1904 and 1916. The species origin of the bones had been identified previously as humpback, fin, or blue whales using sequences of mitochondrial (mt)DNA. We find an average reservoir age of 1050 +/- 135 years for these 23 whale bones, with a \u003c100 year difference in the reservoir age value by species. A comparison between our results and other studies through the Holocene suggest that the Southern Ocean surface water radiocarbon reservoir age has not significantly changed for the last 14,000 years. Combining our new ages with existing data sets provides insight to the stability of the Southern Ocean marine radiocarbon reservoir age, enhancing our understanding of ocean ventilation and upwelling dynamics throughout the Holocene.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ORGANIC CARBON; West Antarctica", "locations": "West Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Simms, Alexander", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "New constraints on 14C reservoirs around the Antarctic Peninsula and the Southern Ocean based on historically-harvested whale bones", "uid": "p0010457", "west": null}, {"awards": "1906143 Buizert, Christo", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "CO2 amount fractions from WAIS Divide, Antarctica", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601775", "doi": "10.15784/601775", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "CO2 amount fractions from WAIS Divide, Antarctica", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601775"}], "date_created": "Thu, 18 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; CO2; Cryosphere; Ice Core Data; WAIS Divide Ice Core; West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide", "locations": "West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Wendt, Kathleen", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": "2044924 Barrett, John", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Hyperspectral reflectance values and biophysicochemical properties of biocrusts and soils in the Fryxell Basin, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601773", "doi": "10.15784/601773", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Hyperspectral reflectance values and biophysicochemical properties of biocrusts and soils in the Fryxell Basin, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601773"}], "date_created": "Wed, 03 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon; Cryosphere; McMurdo Dry Valleys; Snow", "locations": "McMurdo Dry Valleys; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Barrett, John", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": "2215771 Kreutz, Karl", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 01 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award is for acquisition of new instrumentation to support acquisition of the new LA-HR-ICPMS instrumentation for the trace-element analysis of various environmental samples. This instrumentation will replace the original (and heavily used over two decades) ThermoScientific Element2 ICP-MS installed at the University of Maine?s Climate Change Institute (CCI). The new acquisition will significantly expand research capabilities of the CCI/ICP-MS Facility to improve the analysis of aqueous samples, supplemented with a laser ablation (LA) front end for ice, biological, and other solid materials. The current ICP-MS Facility was established in 2002 with an NSF/MRI award, which since then has served as a vital resource for climate, environmental, ecosystem, and engineering research and training at the U. Maine, across the state of Maine and beyond. The routine use and primary support of the Facility come from the Principal Investigators and their collaborators that group under three research areas: glaciochemistry and climate/environmental reconstruction; paleoceanography and marine biogeochemistry; and environmental sensor development and material science engineering. The U. Maine is the State?s Land \u0026 Sea Grant university and only PhD granting institution, so the campus is the de facto academic research and research training hub of the state of Maine. The proposed advances of this research \u0026 training instrumentation will immediately impact current and future NSF-funded research projects that support extensive national and international collaborations. Specific to this proposal are collaborations with the University of Venice (Italy) and the University of Cambridge/British Antarctic Survey to develop laser ablation ICP-MS imaging of ice cores, and collaborations with New Zealand, Swiss, Chinese, Canadian, and Brazilian colleagues to analyze ice, thereby maintaining our leadership role in global ice core and climate change research. Likewise, the enhanced carbonate analysis capacity of the Element XR will have an immediate impact on NSF-funded research projects in the Gulf of Maine and in the South Pacific. The proposed instrumentation will facilitate new and important collaborations between academic colleges (College of Natural Science, Forestry, and Agriculture and the College of Engineering) and research units - the CCI and the Frontier Institute for Research in Sensor Technology - across the campus, as well as enabling new and broader scientific collaborations with other academic and scientific institutions across Maine.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "OCEAN CHEMISTRY; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS", "locations": null, "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Facilities", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Kreutz, Karl; Mukhopadhyay, Sharmila M; Allen, Katherine A; Mayewski, Paul A.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "MRI: Acquisition of LA-HR-ICPMS instrumentation for climate, environmental, ecosystem, and engineering research at the University of Maine", "uid": "p0010456", "west": null}, {"awards": "2207011 Granger, Julie", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 04 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Iron is a limiting nutrient for primary production in 30% of the global ocean, including the Southern Ocean. Dinoflagellates thrive in a wide variety of coastal and oceanic environments, including iron-limited regions. As iron is a biologically essential element for the growth and proliferation of marine algae, dinoflagellates may have evolved strategic mechanisms to combat iron limitation. Presently, these mechanisms have been scantly investigated in dinoflagellates. Here, we compare the growth response of the well-studied diatom Thalasiossira weissflogii to that of dinoflagellates Amphidinium carterae, Heterocapsa triquetra, and Symbiodinium tridacnidorum to different iron conditions: (a) iron-replete medium, (b) iron-limited medium, and (c) iron-limited medium supplemented with the siderophore Deferoxamine B (DFB). Preliminary observations suggest that A. carterae is able to assimilate iron bound to DFB, in contrast to T. weissflogii and Heterocapsa triquetra. A survey of the transcriptome of A. carterae suggests that it possess genes analogous to the TonB-dependent receptors (TBDRs) associated with iron-siderophore transport in prokaryotes. Additional species of dinoflagellates will be observed to investigate the ubiquity of this strategy in dinoflagellates. A more comprehensive understanding of dinoflagellate acclimation to low iron conditions is key to understanding their ecophysiology and the biogeochemical dynamics of iron-limited regions.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Dinoflagellates; Iron; United States Of America; Iron Acquisition; Siderophore; TRACE ELEMENTS; Iron Limitation", "locations": "United States Of America", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Granger, Julie; Lin, Senjie", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Siderophore utilization by dinoflagellates as a strategy for iron acquisition", "uid": "p0010455", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2231230 Joughin, Ian", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((90 -65,93.5 -65,97 -65,100.5 -65,104 -65,107.5 -65,111 -65,114.5 -65,118 -65,121.5 -65,125 -65,125 -65.2,125 -65.4,125 -65.6,125 -65.8,125 -66,125 -66.2,125 -66.4,125 -66.6,125 -66.8,125 -67,121.5 -67,118 -67,114.5 -67,111 -67,107.5 -67,104 -67,100.5 -67,97 -67,93.5 -67,90 -67,90 -66.8,90 -66.6,90 -66.4,90 -66.2,90 -66,90 -65.8,90 -65.6,90 -65.4,90 -65.2,90 -65))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 29 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The snow that falls on Antarctica compresses to ice that flows toward the coast as a large sheet, returning it to the ocean over periods of centuries to millennia. In many places around Antarctica, the ice sheet extends from the land to over the ocean, forming floating ice shelves on the periphery. If this cycle is in balance, the ice sheets help maintain a stable sea level. When the climate cools or warms, however, sea level falls or rises as the ice sheet gains or loses ice. The peripheral ice shelves are important for regulating sea level because they help hold back the flow of ice to the ocean. Warming ocean waters thin ice shelves by melting their undersides, allowing ice to flow faster to the ocean, and raising sea level globally. Thus, an important question is how much sea level will rise in response to warming ocean temperatures over the next century(s) that further thin Antarctica?s ice shelves. Currently, West Antarctica produces the majority of the continent?s contribution to sea level. Albeit with large uncertainty, ice-sheet models indicate that Totten and Denman glaciers in East Antarctica could also produce substantial sea-level rise in the next century(s). This international study will focus on improving understanding of how much these glaciers will contribute to sea level under various warming scenarios. The project will use numerical models constrained by oceanographic and remote sensing observations to determine how Totten and Denman glaciers will respond to increased melting. Remote sensing data will provide updated and improved estimates of the melt rate for each ice shelf. Two float profilers will be deployed from aircraft by British and Australian partners in front of each ice shelf to repeatedly measure the temperature and salinity of the water column, with the results telemetered back via satellite link. The melt and oceanographic data will be used to constrain parameterized transfer functions for ice-shelf cavity melting in response to ocean temperature, improving on current parameterizations based on limited data. These melt functions will be used with ocean temperatures from climate models to force an open-source ice-flow numerical model for each glacier to determine the century-scale response for a variety of scenarios, helping to reduce uncertainty in sea level contributions from this part of Antarctica. Processes other than melt that might further alter the contribution to sea level over the next few centuries will also be examined. On the observational side, the demonstrated deployment of float profilers from a sonobuoy launch tube in polar settings would help raise the technology readiness of operational in-situ monitoring of the rapidly changing polar shelf seas, paving the way for an expansion of observations of ocean hydrographic properties from remote areas that currently are poorly understood. In addition to being of scientific value, reduced uncertainty in sea-level rise projections has strong societal benefit to coastal communities struggling with long-range planning to mitigate the effects of sea-level rise over the coming decades to centuries. Outreach activities by team members will help raise public awareness of Antarctica\u0027s dramatic changes and the resulting consequences. This is a project jointly funded by the National Science Foundation?s Directorate for Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK) via the NSF/GEO-NERC Lead Agency Agreement. This Agreement allows a single joint US/UK proposal to be submitted and peer-reviewed by the Agency whose investigator has the largest proportion of the budget. Upon successful joint determination of an award recommendation, each Agency funds the proportion of the budget that supports scientists at institutions in their respective countries.", "east": 125.0, "geometry": "POINT(107.5 -66)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; ICE SHEETS", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -65.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Joughin, Ian; Shapero, Daniel; Smith, Benjamin E", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Understanding the Response to Ocean Melting for Two of East Antarctica\u0027s Most Vulnerable Glaciers: Totten and Denman", "uid": "p0010454", "west": 90.0}, {"awards": "2233187 Stammerjohn, Sharon", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -70,-177 -70,-174 -70,-171 -70,-168 -70,-165 -70,-162 -70,-159 -70,-156 -70,-153 -70,-150 -70,-150 -71,-150 -72,-150 -73,-150 -74,-150 -75,-150 -76,-150 -77,-150 -78,-150 -79,-150 -80,-153 -80,-156 -80,-159 -80,-162 -80,-165 -80,-168 -80,-171 -80,-174 -80,-177 -80,180 -80,178 -80,176 -80,174 -80,172 -80,170 -80,168 -80,166 -80,164 -80,162 -80,160 -80,160 -79,160 -78,160 -77,160 -76,160 -75,160 -74,160 -73,160 -72,160 -71,160 -70,162 -70,164 -70,166 -70,168 -70,170 -70,172 -70,174 -70,176 -70,178 -70,-180 -70))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Wed, 28 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area (RSRMPA), one of the world?s largest MPAs, encompasses one of the healthiest marine ecosystems remaining on this planet; however, it is exposed to increasing stress from ongoing climate change and fishing pressure. Numerous gaps in our understanding of the highly coupled nature of the Ross Sea marine ecosystem need to be addressed to support conservation efforts in the Ross Sea region, including informing the efficacy and management of the RSRMPA into the coming decades. The overarching goal of this research is to formulate an innovative and sustainable world-class research program aimed at better understanding, conserving, and managing the RSRMPA through the coordination of multi-faceted system-level approaches. There will be a coordinated effort to facilitate international collaboration; create education, outreach, and Diverse Equitable and Inclusive (DEI) opportunities; and increase conservation awareness. Coordinating Ross Sea marine ecosystem research will contribute to enhancing system-level global research, sustainable data networks, DEI, and climate equity. This program will also provide opportunity to develop similar frameworks for other large-scale, globally important systems. The trans-disciplinary aspiration can also serve to guide the NSF in sustaining or initiating new funding opportunities while addressing several of the 10 NSF BIG IDEAS and engaging multiple NSF Directorates. The project will help maintain NSF?s mission of scientific leadership by networking the Antarctic community by providing science-based conservation plans to help mitigate environmental changes in this pristine region of the Southern Ocean. The researchers will convene a workshop to strategize the implementation of an internationally networked, world class program that is based on inter- and trans-disciplinary approaches (including bridging science, cyberinfrastructure, policy, management, and conservation), while also providing opportunities for STEM education, early career development, and core DEI principles. To effectively facilitate the prioritization of research related to the regional and global interconnectedness of the Ross Sea marine ecosystem, the workshop will involve leading experts in Ross Sea marine research and other researchers, stakeholders, and policy experts involved in the greater oceanographic, climate and ecosystem/food web modeling communities. The workshop will determine a long-term decadal plan comprising the following phases: (1) initial data synthesis and ecosystem/food web model development; (2) field observations and modeling, networked through an internationally coordinated Ross Sea Observing System; and (3) data synthesis and modeling, including a ?sunset? plan to support ongoing RSRMPA management and preservation of the Ross Sea marine ecosystem. Outcomes will include a workshop report detailing the long-term research plan, a peer-reviewed article, educational and outreach materials, and a list of proposed research topics for implementing a world class research program and Principal Investigators who will help coordinate the multiple efforts aimed at addressing major gaps in our knowledge of the Ross Sea system.", "east": 160.0, "geometry": "POINT(-175 -75)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS; PELAGIC; COASTAL; United States Of America", "locations": "United States Of America", "north": -70.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Stammerjohn, Sharon; Brooks, Cassandra", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "Planning: Formulating and Sustaining a System-Level Understanding of a Large Marine Ecosystem in the Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area to Better Conserve and Guide Policy", "uid": "p0010452", "west": -150.0}, {"awards": "2023355 Schmandt, Brandon", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "A seismic catalog for the southernmost continent", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601805", "doi": "10.15784/601805", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Earthquakes; Icequakes; Volcanic Events", "people": "Pena Castro, Andres", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "A seismic catalog for the southernmost continent", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601805"}], "date_created": "Tue, 20 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Part 1: Nontechnical\u003cbr/\u003e \u003cbr/\u003eUnlike other locations on the globe Antarctica is not known for having large earthquakes and the remote nature and harsh conditions make it difficult to install and maintain seismometers for earthquake detection. Some researchers believe the lack of large earthquakes is due to the continent being surrounded by inactive tectonic margins. However, in the last two decades, scientists have discovered that more earthquakes occur in the interior of the continent than previously observed. This suggests that there are many earthquakes missing from historic earthquake catalogs. This study aims to find the missing earthquakes using novel earthquake detection and location techniques from seismic data collected from temporary and permanent seismic stations in Antarctica over the last 25 years. Locating these earthquakes will help understand if and where earthquakes are located in Antarctica and will help in planning future seismic deployments. As part of the project broader impacts, a field expedition with the Girls on Rock program will be conducted to teach high school age girls, and especially those from underrepresented backgrounds, data visualization techniques using scientific data. \u003cbr/\u003e \u003cbr/\u003ePart 2: Technical\u003cbr/\u003e \u003cbr/\u003eThe spatial distribution of seismicity and the number of moderate magnitude earthquakes in Antarctica is not well-defined. The current catalog of earthquakes may be biased by uneven and sparse seismograph distribution on the continent. We will mine existing broadband seismic data from both permanent and temporary deployments to lower the earthquake detection threshold across Interior Antarctica, with a focus on tectonic earthquakes. The hypothesis is that Interior Antarctica has abundant moderate magnitude earthquakes, previously undetected. These earthquakes are likely collocated with major tectonic features such as the Transantarctic Mountains, the suspected Vostok collision zone, the West Antarctic Rift System, the crustal compositional boundary between East and West Antarctica, and the Cretaceous East Antarctic Rift. Previous seismic deployments have recorded earthquakes in the Antarctic interior, suggesting there are many earthquakes missing from the current catalog. We propose to use novel earthquake location techniques designed for automated detection and location using 25 years of continuous data archived at IRIS from PASSCAL experiments and permanent stations. The approach will use STA/LTA detectors on the first arrival P-wave to 90 degrees distance, Reverse Time Imaging to locate events, and beamforming at dense arrays strategically located on cratons for enhanced detection and location. The combination of detection and location techniques used in this work has not been used on teleseismic body waves, although similar methods have worked well for surface wave studies. If successful the project would provide an excellent training dataset for future scrutiny of newly discovered Antarctic seismicity with machine learning approaches and/or new targeted data collection. We plan to collaborate with Girls on Rock, a local and international organization committed to building a culturally diverse community in science, art, and wilderness exploration, in a summer field expedition and integrating computer coding into post-field scientific projects.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; Seismic Events; Icequakes; TECTONICS; Earthquakes", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Polar Special Initiatives; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Schmandt, Brandon", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "EAGER: Lowering the detection threshold of Antarctic seismicity to reveal undiscovered intraplate deformation", "uid": "p0010450", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1939139 Scherer, Reed; 1939146 Siddoway, Christine", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-120 -66,-117.5 -66,-115 -66,-112.5 -66,-110 -66,-107.5 -66,-105 -66,-102.5 -66,-100 -66,-97.5 -66,-95 -66,-95 -67.1,-95 -68.2,-95 -69.3,-95 -70.4,-95 -71.5,-95 -72.6,-95 -73.7,-95 -74.8,-95 -75.9,-95 -77,-97.5 -77,-100 -77,-102.5 -77,-105 -77,-107.5 -77,-110 -77,-112.5 -77,-115 -77,-117.5 -77,-120 -77,-120 -75.9,-120 -74.8,-120 -73.7,-120 -72.6,-120 -71.5,-120 -70.4,-120 -69.3,-120 -68.2,-120 -67.1,-120 -66))", "dataset_titles": "Pliocene diatom abundance, IODP 379-U1532; Population morphometrics of the Southern Ocean diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis related to Sea Surface Temperature; U-Pb zircon and apatite fission track dates for IRD (ice-rafted cobbles and mineral grains) from IODP379 drill sites", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601769", "doi": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Biogenic Silica; Diatom", "people": "Scherer, Reed Paul; Furlong, Heather", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Pliocene diatom abundance, IODP 379-U1532", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601769"}, {"dataset_uid": "601828", "doi": null, "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Geochronology; Marie Byrd Land; Subglacial Bedrock; Thermochronology", "people": "Siddoway, Christine", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "U-Pb zircon and apatite fission track dates for IRD (ice-rafted cobbles and mineral grains) from IODP379 drill sites", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601828"}, {"dataset_uid": "601804", "doi": "10.15784/601804", "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Oceanography; Sabrina Coast; Sea Surface Temperature; Southern Ocean", "people": "Ruggiero, Joseph", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Population morphometrics of the Southern Ocean diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis related to Sea Surface Temperature", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601804"}], "date_created": "Tue, 20 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Part I, Non-technical Abstract \u003cbr/\u003eConcerns that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) might be susceptible to releasing its ice as giant icebergs into the Southern Ocean due to a warming climate, raising global sea level, were first expressed more than 40 years ago. To best-assess this threat, scientists need to know whether such events occurred in the geologically recent past, during warm intervals of past glacial-interglacial cycles. Ocean drilling near the most vulnerable sector of the WAIS, in 2019, yielded seafloor geologic records demonstrating times when icebergs dropped large volumes of sands and pebbles, called ice-rafted detritus (IRD) in deep water of the Amundsen Sea. Occurring together with IRD that was eroded from bedrock beneath the ice sheets, there are abundant microfossils of diatoms (algal plankton), which indicate high biological productivity in the open ocean. The new sediment cores provide a complete, uninterrupted record of a time of dramatic fluctuations of ice sheet extent that occurred over the last 3 million years. Therefore, they provide the means to obtain clear answers to the question whether ice sheet collapse occurred in the past and offering clues to its potential future. This project will investigate sediment intervals where IRD coincides with evidence of high diatom production, to test whether these two criteria indicate rapid ice sheet collapse. Geochemical analysis of IRD pebbles will help trace the source of the icebergs to likely on-land sites. By analyzing conditions of high diatom and IRD accumulation in deep ocean sediment, where local coastal influences can be avoided, we will assess oceanographic and climatic conditions associated with past ice sheet collapse events. Diatoms provide powerful evidence of temperature and ocean productivity changes in the past, that, when linked to time, can translate into rates of ice sheet drawdown. These results will provide critical data for designing, constraining and testing the next suite computer models that can determine the likelihood and timing of future ice sheet collapse in a warming world. The project will include training of undergraduate and graduate students from diverse backgrounds, and the public will be introduced to Antarctic science and engaged through several different outreach efforts.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003ePart 2, Technical Abstract\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eNew drillcores from the Amundsen Sea, Antarctica (IODP Expedition 379) contain a continuous record of oceanographic changes and iceberg rafted debris (IRD) spanning the last 5 million years. This study aims to identify the signature of retreat/collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) in these continental margin, deep-sea sediments by quantitatively analyzing, in detail, diatom and IRD records across glacial-interglacial lithostratigraphic transitions to establish the timing and frequency of Late Pliocene and Pleistocene WAIS collapse events. The investigators will secure age constraints and diagnostic observations of marine paleoenvironmental conditions for selected interglacial intervals of cores from sites U1532 and U1533, using high resolution micropaleontology of diatom assemblages coupled with microstratigraphic analysis of IRD depositional events, while petrography, geochronology and thermochronology of iceberg rafted clasts will provide evidence of iceberg sources and pathways. Depositional paleotemperatures will be assessed via a new paleotemperature proxy based on quantitative assessment of morphologic changes in the dominant Southern Ocean diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis. Their results will contribute to parameterization of new ice sheet models that seek to reconstruct and forecast West Antarctic Ice Sheet behavior. This project will directly contribute to undergraduate education at an undergraduate-only college and at a public university that serves a demographic typified by first generation university students and underrepresented groups. Spanning geology, geochemistry, sedimentology, paleontology and paleoceanography, the proposed work will allow undergraduate students to develop diverse skills through hands-on research within a collaborative team that is dedicated to societally relevant research. The two graduate students will conduct original research and work alongside/mentor undergraduates, making for a well-rounded research experience that prepares them for success in future academic or employment sectors. The discoveries that come from this deep-sea record from West Antarctica will be communicated by students and investigators at national and international conferences and an array of public science outreach events.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -95.0, "geometry": "POINT(-107.5 -71.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ICEBERGS; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; Amundsen Sea; MICROFOSSILS", "locations": "Amundsen Sea", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": "PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC \u003e QUATERNARY; PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC \u003e NEOGENE \u003e PLIOCENE", "persons": "Scherer, Reed Paul; Siddoway, Christine", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Testing the Linchpin of WAIS Collapse with Diatoms and IRD in Pleistocene and Late Pliocene Strata of the Resolution Drift, Amundsen Sea, Antarctica", "uid": "p0010451", "west": -120.0}, {"awards": "1841607 Banwell, Alison; 1841467 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-68.28 -71.1,-68.202 -71.1,-68.124 -71.1,-68.046 -71.1,-67.968 -71.1,-67.89 -71.1,-67.812 -71.1,-67.734 -71.1,-67.656 -71.1,-67.578 -71.1,-67.5 -71.1,-67.5 -71.14999999999999,-67.5 -71.19999999999999,-67.5 -71.25,-67.5 -71.3,-67.5 -71.35,-67.5 -71.39999999999999,-67.5 -71.44999999999999,-67.5 -71.5,-67.5 -71.55,-67.5 -71.6,-67.578 -71.6,-67.656 -71.6,-67.734 -71.6,-67.812 -71.6,-67.89 -71.6,-67.968 -71.6,-68.046 -71.6,-68.124 -71.6,-68.202 -71.6,-68.28 -71.6,-68.28 -71.55,-68.28 -71.5,-68.28 -71.44999999999999,-68.28 -71.39999999999999,-68.28 -71.35,-68.28 -71.3,-68.28 -71.25,-68.28 -71.19999999999999,-68.28 -71.14999999999999,-68.28 -71.1))", "dataset_titles": "Dataset for: Banwell et al. 2024, \u0027Observed meltwater-induced flexure and fracture at a doline on George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctica\u0027, Journal of Glaciology.", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601771", "doi": "10.15784/601771", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; AWS; Cryosphere; GNSS; GPS Data; Ice-Shelf Flexure; Ice Shelf Fracture; Ice-Shelf Melt; Timelaps Images", "people": "Banwell, Alison; Willis, Ian; Stevens, Laura; Dell, Rebecca; MacAyeal, Douglas", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Dataset for: Banwell et al. 2024, \u0027Observed meltwater-induced flexure and fracture at a doline on George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctica\u0027, Journal of Glaciology.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601771"}], "date_created": "Thu, 15 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The evolution of surface and shallow subsurface meltwater across Antarctic ice shelves has important implications for their (in)stability, as demonstrated by the 2002 rapid collapse of the Larsen B Ice Shelf. It is vital to understand the causes of ice-shelf (in)stability because ice shelves buttress against the discharge of inland ice and therefore influence ice-sheet contributions to sea-level rise. Ice-shelf break-up may be triggered by stress variations associated with surface meltwater movement, ponding, and drainage. These variations may cause an ice shelf to flex and fracture. This four-year project will provide key geophysical observations to improve understanding of ice-shelf meltwater and its effects on (in)stability. The work will be conducted on the George VI Ice Shelf on the Antarctic Peninsula, where hundreds of surface lakes form each summer. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eOver a 27-month period, global positioning systems, seismometers, water pressure transducers, automatic weather stations, and in-ice thermistor strings will be deployed to record ice shelf flexure, fracture seismicity, water depths, and surface and subsurface melting, respectively, in and around several surface lakes on the George VI Ice Shelf, within roughly 20 km of the British Antarctic Survey\u0027s Fossil Bluff Station. Field data will be used to validate and extend the team\u0027s approach to modelling ice-shelf flexure and stress, and possible \"Larsen-B style\" ice-shelf instability and break-up.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -67.5, "geometry": "POINT(-67.89 -71.35)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ICE SHEETS; Antarctica; ICE MOTION; Ice-Shelf Flexure; GPS Data", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -71.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Banwell, Alison; Macayeal, Douglas", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -71.6, "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Ice-shelf Instability Caused by Active Surface Meltwater Production, Movement, Ponding and Hydrofracture", "uid": "p0010449", "west": -68.28}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 12 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Undersea canyons play disproportionately important roles as oceanic biological hotspots and are critical for our understanding of many coastal ecosystems. Canyon-associated biological hotspots have persisted for thousands of years Along the Western Antarctic Peninsula, despite significant climate variability. Observations of currents over Palmer Deep canyon, a representative hotspot along the Western Antarctic Peninsula, indicate that surface phytoplankton blooms enter and exit the local hotspot on scales of ~1-2 days. This time of residence is in conflict with the prevailing idea that canyon associated hotspots are primarily maintained by phytoplankton that are locally grown in association with these features by the upwelling of deep waters rich with nutrients that fuel the phytoplankton growth. Instead, the implication is that horizontal ocean circulation is likely more important to maintaining these biological hotspots than local upwelling through its physical concentrating effects. This project seeks to better resolve the factors that create and maintain focused areas of biological activity at canyons along the Western Antarctic Peninsula and create local foraging areas for marine mammals and birds. The project focus is in the analysis of the ocean transport and concentration mechanisms that sustain these biological hotspots, connecting oceanography to phytoplankton and krill, up through the food web to one of the resident predators, penguins. In addition, the research will engage with teachers from school districts serving underrepresented and underserved students by integrating the instructors and their students completely with the science team. Students will conduct their own research with the same data over the same time as researchers on the project. Revealing the fundamental mechanisms that sustain these known hotspots will significantly advance our understanding of the observed connection between submarine canyons and persistent penguin population hotspots over ecological time, and provide a new model for how Antarctic hotspots function.\u003cbr/\u003e \u003cbr/\u003e \u003cbr/\u003eTo understand the physical mechanisms that support persistent hotspots along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), this project will integrate a modeling and field program that will target the processes responsible for transporting and concentrating phytoplankton and krill biomass to known penguin foraging locations. Within the Palmer Deep canyon, a representative hotspot, the team will deploy a High Frequency Radar (HFR) coastal surface current mapping network, uniquely equipped to identify the eddies and frontal regions that concentrate phytoplankton and krill. The field program, centered on surface features identified by the HFR, will include (i) a coordinated fleet of gliders to survey hydrography, chlorophyll fluorescence, optical backscatter, and active acoustics at the scale of the targeted convergent features; (ii) precise penguin tracking with GPS-linked satellite telemetry and time-depth recorders (TDRs); (iii) and weekly small boat surveys that adaptively target and track convergent features to measure phytoplankton, krill, and hydrography. A high resolution physical model will generalize our field measurements to other known hotspots along the WAP through simulation and determine which physical mechanisms lead to the maintenance of these hotspots. The project will also engage educators, students, and members of the general public in Antarctic research and data analysis with an education program that will advance teaching and learning as well as broadening participation of under-represented groups. This engagement includes professional development workshops, live connections to the public and classrooms, student research symposia, and program evaluation. Together the integrated research and engagement will advance our understanding of the role regional transport pathways and local depth dependent concentrating physical mechanisms play in sustaining these biological hotspots.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Palmer Station; BENTHIC; PENGUINS; FLUORESCENCE; PHYTOPLANKTON", "locations": "Palmer Station", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "paleo_time": null, "persons": null, "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Collaborative Research: Physical Mechanisms Driving Food Web Focusing in Antarctic Biological Hotspots", "uid": "p0010448", "west": null}, {"awards": "1744989 LaRue, Michelle", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Detecting climate signals in populations: case of emperor penguin; Emperor penguin population trends (2009-2018); Landfast ice: a major driver of reproductive success in a polar seabird", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601491", "doi": "10.15784/601491", "keywords": "Antarctica", "people": "Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Detecting climate signals in populations: case of emperor penguin", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601491"}, {"dataset_uid": "200410", "doi": "10.5061/dryad.m63xsj48v", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Dryad", "science_program": null, "title": "Emperor penguin population trends (2009-2018)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.m63xsj48v"}, {"dataset_uid": "601513", "doi": "10.15784/601513", "keywords": "Antarctica; Breeding Success; Emperor Penguin; Fast Sea Ice", "people": "Labrousse, Sara; Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Landfast ice: a major driver of reproductive success in a polar seabird", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601513"}], "date_created": "Thu, 08 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project on emperor penguin populations will quantify penguin presence/absence, and colony size and trajectory, across the entire Antarctic continent using high-resolution satellite imagery. For a subset of the colonies, population estimates derived from high-resolution satellite images will be compared with those determined by aerial surveys - these results have been uploaded to MAPPPD (penguinmap.com) and are freely available for use. This validated information will be used to determine population estimates for all emperor penguin colonies through iterations of supervised classification and maximum likelihood calculations on the high-resolution imagery. The effect of spatial, geophysical, and environmental variables on population size and decadal-scale trends will be assessed using generalized linear models. This research will result in a first ever empirical result for emperor penguin population trends and habitat suitability, and will leverage currently-funded NSF infrastructure and hosting sites to publish results in near-real time to the public.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; USA/NSF; Amd/Us; USAP-DC; Antarctica; AMD", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "LaRue, Michelle; Ito, Emi; Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "Dryad; USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "A Multi-scale Approach to Understanding Spatial and Population Variability in Emperor Penguins", "uid": "p0010447", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2325922 Couradeau, Estelle", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-73.783 4.679,-73.7827 4.679,-73.7824 4.679,-73.7821 4.679,-73.7818 4.679,-73.7815 4.679,-73.7812 4.679,-73.7809 4.679,-73.7806 4.679,-73.7803 4.679,-73.78 4.679,-73.78 4.6789,-73.78 4.6788,-73.78 4.6787,-73.78 4.6786,-73.78 4.6785,-73.78 4.6784,-73.78 4.6783,-73.78 4.6782,-73.78 4.6781,-73.78 4.678,-73.7803 4.678,-73.7806 4.678,-73.7809 4.678,-73.7812 4.678,-73.7815 4.678,-73.7818 4.678,-73.7821 4.678,-73.7824 4.678,-73.7827 4.678,-73.783 4.678,-73.783 4.6781,-73.783 4.6782,-73.783 4.6783,-73.783 4.6784,-73.783 4.6785,-73.783 4.6786,-73.783 4.6787,-73.783 4.6788,-73.783 4.6789,-73.783 4.679))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 06 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "As climate change progresses, it is activating both master switches of microbial activity simultaneously: moisture and temperature. In soils, microbes serve critical ecosystem services including nutrient cycling and carbon sequestration. The fact that we do not fully understand how microbes act on carbon pools in soils and how these will change with the rapidly changing climate is extremely worrisome. Here we propose to tackle this question by initiating an interdisciplinary action studying the soils of the Colombian P\u00e1ramos. The P\u00e1ramos are a unique high-altitude hotspot of biodiversity in the Andes that render critical ecosystem services, including water capture and carbon sequestration. If the hydrology of the system has gained a lot of attention over the past few years, the fate of the extensive pools of organic carbon in these vast peatlands has remained unexplored. The unique geographic situation of the cold and humid P\u00e1ramos being already on the edge of their geo-climatic range provides us with an unparalleled opportunity to study a soil microbial community from carbon-rich soils that are extremely vulnerable to both the raise in temperature and decrease of moisture that will impact soils around the globe as climate change progresses. Our project aims at starting to address the need to disentangle the effect of moisture and temperature on the activity and composition of the microbial communities controlling the fate of organic carbon in soils (Objective 1), while assembling an international team of experts capable of scaling up the understanding of these processes at the landscape and regional level by integrating the functioning of the belowground microbial community with the above-ground vegetation (Objective 2).", "east": -73.78, "geometry": "POINT(-73.7815 4.6785)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; Chingaza Paramos Colombia; ORGANIC MATTER; SOIL MECHANICS", "locations": "Chingaza Paramos Colombia", "north": 4.679, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Couradeau, Estelle; Maximova, Siela; Machado, Jose Luis", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": 4.678, "title": "Collaborative Research: BoCP-Design: Climate change alteration of soils functional biodiversity of the P\u00e1ramos, Colombia", "uid": "p0010445", "west": -73.783}, {"awards": "1443522 Wannamaker, Philip", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((166 -77.15,166.34 -77.15,166.68 -77.15,167.02 -77.15,167.36 -77.15,167.7 -77.15,168.04 -77.15,168.38 -77.15,168.72 -77.15,169.06 -77.15,169.4 -77.15,169.4 -77.22500000000001,169.4 -77.30000000000001,169.4 -77.375,169.4 -77.45,169.4 -77.525,169.4 -77.60000000000001,169.4 -77.67500000000001,169.4 -77.75,169.4 -77.825,169.4 -77.9,169.06 -77.9,168.72 -77.9,168.38 -77.9,168.04 -77.9,167.7 -77.9,167.36 -77.9,167.02 -77.9,166.68 -77.9,166.34 -77.9,166 -77.9,166 -77.825,166 -77.75,166 -77.67500000000001,166 -77.60000000000001,166 -77.525,166 -77.45,166 -77.375,166 -77.30000000000001,166 -77.22500000000001,166 -77.15))", "dataset_titles": "Erebus volcano/Ross Island Magnetotelluric (MT) data", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601493", "doi": "10.15784/601493", "keywords": "Antarctica; Mantle Melting; Mount Erebus", "people": "Wannamaker, Philip; Hill, Graham", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Erebus volcano/Ross Island Magnetotelluric (MT) data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601493"}], "date_created": "Mon, 05 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "General Description:\u003cbr/\u003eThis project is intended to reveal the magma source regions, staging areas, and eruptive pathways within the active volcano Mount Erebus. This volcano is an end-member type known as phonolitic, which refers to the lava composition, and is almost purely carbon-dioxide-bearing and occurs in continental rift settings. It is in contrast to the better known water-bearing volcanoes which occur at plate boundary settings (such as Mount St Helens or Mount Fuji). Phonolitic volcanic eruptions elsewhere such as Tamboro or Vesuvius have caused more than 50,000 eruption related fatalities. Phonolites are also associated with rare earth element deposits, giving them economic interest. To illuminate the inner workings of Mount Erebus, we will cover the volcano with a dense network of geophysical probes based on magnetotelluric (MT) measurements. MT makes use of naturally occurring electromagnetic (EM) waves generated mainly by the sun as sources to provide images of the electrical conductivity structure of the Earth\u0027s interior. Conductivity is sensitive to the presence of fluids and melts in the Earth and so is well suited to understanding volcanic processes. The project is a cooperative effort between scientists from the United States, New Zealand, Japan and Canada. It implements new technology developed by the lead investigator and associates that allows such measurements to be taken on snow-covered terrains. This has applicability for frozen environments generally, such as resource exploration in the Arctic. The project supports a new post-doctoral researcher, and leverages imaging and measurement methods developed through support by other agencies and interfaced with commercial platforms.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eTechnical Description:\u003cbr/\u003eThe investigators propose to test magmatic evolution models for Mount Erebus volcano, Antarctica, using the magnetotelluric (MT) method. The phonolite lava flow compositions on Mount Erebus are uncommon, but provide a window into the range of upper mantle source compositions and melt differentiation paths. Explosive phonolite eruptions have been known worldwide for devastating eruptions such as Tambora and Vesuvius, and commonly host rare earth element deposits. In the MT method, temporal variations in the Earth\u0027s natural electromagnetic (EM) field are used as source fields to probe the electrical resistivity structure in the depth range of 1 to 100 kilometers. This effort will consist of approximately 100 MT sites, with some concentration in the summit area. Field acquisition will take place over two field seasons. The main goals are to 1) confirm the existence and the geometry of the uppermost magma chamber thought to reside at 5-10 kilometer depths; 2) attempt to identify, in the deeper resistivity structure, the magma staging area near the crust-mantle boundary; 3) image the steep, crustal-scale, near-vertical conduit carrying magma from the mantle; 4) infer the physical and chemical state from geophysical properties of a CO2-dominated mafic shield volcano; and 5) constrain the relationships between structural and magmatic/ hydrothermal activity related to the Terror Rift. Tomographic imaging of the interior resistivity will be performed using a new inversion platform developed at Utah, based on the deformable edge finite element method, that is the best available for accommodating the steep topography of the study area. The project is an international cooperation between University of Utah, GNS Science Wellington New Zealand (G. Hill, Co-I), and Tokyo Institute of Technology Japan (Y. Ogawa, Co-I), plus participation by University of Alberta (M. Unsworth) and Missouri State University (K. Mickus). Instrument deployments will be made exclusively by helicopter. The project implements new technology that allows MT measurements to be taken on snow-covered terrains. The project supports a new post-doctoral researcher, and leverages imaging and measurement methods developed through support by other agencies and interfaced with commercial platforms.", "east": 169.4, "geometry": "POINT(167.7 -77.525)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e MAGNETIC/MOTION SENSORS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "MAGNETIC FIELD; FIELD SURVEYS; Ross Island; Magnetotelluric; Mount Erebus", "locations": "Ross Island; Mount Erebus", "north": -77.15, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Wannamaker, Philip", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.9, "title": "Magma Sources, Residence and Pathways of Mount Erebus Phonolitic Volcano, Antarctica, from Magnetotelluric Resistivity Structure", "uid": "p0010444", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "2333940 Zhong, Shijie", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 08 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Satellite observations of Earth?s surface gravity and elevation changes indicate rapid melting of ice sheets in recent decades in northern Antarctica Peninsula and Amundsen Sea Embayment of West Antarctica. This rapid melting may lead to significant global sea level rise which is a major societal concern. Measurements from the Global Positioning System (GPS) show rapid land uplift in these regions as the ice sheets melt. When an ice sheet melts, the melt water flows to oceans, causing global sea level to rise. However, the sea level change at a given geographic location is also influenced by two other factors associated with the ice melting process: 1) the vertical motion of the land and 2) gravitational attraction. The vertical motion of the land is caused by the change of pressure force on the surface of the solid Earth. For example, the removal of ice mass reduces the pressure force on the land, leading to uplift of the land below the ice sheet, while the addition of water in oceans increases the pressure force on the seafloor, causing it to subside. The sea level always follows the equipotential surface of the gravity which changes as the mass on the Earth?s surface (e.g., the ice and water) or/and in its interiors (e.g., at the crust-mantle boundary) is redistributed. Additionally, the vertical motion of the land below an ice sheet has important effects on the evolution and stability of the ice sheet and may determine whether the ice sheet will rapidly collapse or gradually stabilize. The main goal of this project is to build an accurate and efficient computer model to study the displacement and deformation of the Antarctic crust and mantle in response to recent ice melting. The project will significantly improve existing and publicly available computer code, CitcomSVE. The horizontal and vertical components of the Earth?s surface displacement depends on mantle viscosity and elastic properties of the Earth. Although seismic imaging studies demonstrate that the Antarctica mantle is heterogeneous, most studies on the ice-melting induced deformation in Antarctica have assumed that mantle viscosity and elastic properties only vary with the depth due to computational limitations. In this project, the new computational method in CitcomSVE avoids such assumptions and makes it possible to include realistic 3-D mantle viscosity and elastic properties in computing the Antarctica crustal and mantle displacement. This project will interpret the GPS measurements of the surface displacements in northern Antarctica Peninsula and Amundsen Sea Embayment of West Antarctica and use the observations to place constraints on mantle viscosity and deformation mechanisms. The project will also seek to predict the future land displacement Antarctica, which will lead to a better understand of Antarctica ice sheets. Finally, the project has direct implications for the study of global sea level change and the dynamics of the Greenland ice sheet. Technical Description Glacial isostatic adjustment (GIA) is important for understanding not only fundamental science questions including mantle viscosity, mantle convection and lithospheric deformation but also societally important questions of global sea-level change, polar ice melting, climate change, and groundwater hydrology. Studies of rock deformation in laboratory experiments, post-seismic deformation, and mantle dynamics indicate that mantle viscosity is temperature- and stress-dependent. Although the effects of stress-dependent (i.e., non-Newtonian) viscosity and transient creep rheology on GIA process have been studied, observational evidence remains elusive. There has been significant ice mass loss in recent decades in northern Antarctica Peninsula (NAP) and Amundsen Sea Embayment (ASE) of West Antarctica. The ice mass loss has caused rapid bedrock uplift as measured by GPS techniques which require surprisingly small upper mantle viscosity of ~1018 Pas. The rapid uplifts may have important feedback effects on ongoing ice melting because of their influence on grounding line migration, and the inferred small viscosity may have implications for mantle rheology and deformation on decadal time scales. The main objective of the project is to test hypotheses that the GPS observations in NAP and ASE regions are controlled by 3-D non-Newtonian or/and transient creep viscosity by developing new GIA modeling capability based on finite element package CitcomSVE. The project will carry out the following three tasks: Task 1 is to build GIA models for the NAP and ASE regions to examine the effects of 3-D temperature-dependent mantle viscosity on the surface displacements and to test hypothesis that the 3-D mantle viscosity improves the fit to the GPS observations. Task 2 is to test the hypothesis that non-Newtonian or/and transient creep rheology controls GIA process on decadal time scales by computing GIA models and comparing model predictions with GPS observations for the NAP and ASE regions. Task 3 is to implement transient creep (i.e., Burgers model) rheology into finite element package CitcomSVE for modeling the GIA process on global and regional scales and to make the package publicly available to the scientific community. The project will develop the first numerical GIA model with Burgers transient rheology and use the models to examine the effects of 3-D temperature-dependent viscosity, non-Newtonian viscosity and transient rheology on GIA-induced surface displacements in Antarctica. The project will model the unique GPS observations of unusually large displacement rates in the NAP and ASE regions to place constraints on mantle rheology and to distinguish between 3-D temperature-dependent, non-Newtonian and transient mantle viscosity. The project will expand the capability of the publicly available software package CitcomSVE for modeling viscoelastic deformation and tidal deformation on global and regional scales. The project will advance our understanding in lithospheric deformation and mantle rheology on decadal time scales, which helps predict grounding line migration and understand ice sheet stability in West Antarctica. The project will strengthen the open science practice by improving the publicly available code CitcomSVE at github.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "WAIS; CRUSTAL MOTION; COMPUTERS; GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE", "locations": "WAIS", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Zhong, Shijie", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e COMPUTERS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Investigating Effects of Transient and Non-Newtonian Mantle Viscosity on Glacial Isostatic Adjustment Process and their Implications for GPS Observations in Antarctica", "uid": "p0010441", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2224760 Gooseff, Michael", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(162.87 -77)", "dataset_titles": "EDI Data Portal: McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200379", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Environmental Data Initiative (EDI)", "science_program": null, "title": "EDI Data Portal: McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER", "url": "https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/browseServlet?searchValue=MCM"}], "date_created": "Tue, 14 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "In this iteration of the McMurdo LTER project (MCM6), the project team will test ecological connectivity and stability theory in a system subject to strong physical drivers (geological legacies, extreme seasonality, and contemporary climate change) and driven by microbial organisms. Since microorganisms regulate most of the world\u0027s critical biogeochemical functions, these insights will be relevant far beyond polar ecosystems and will inform understanding and expectations of how natural and managed ecosystems respond to ongoing anthropogenic global change. MCM6 builds on previous foundational research, both in Antarctica and within the LTER network, to consider the temporal aspects of connectivity and how it relates to ecosystem stability. The project will examine how changes in the temporal variability of ecological connectivity interact with the legacies of the existing landscape that have defined habitats and biogeochemical cycling for millennia. The project team hypothesizes that the structure and functioning of the MDV ecosystem is dependent upon legacies and the contemporary frequency, duration, and magnitude of ecological connectivity. This hypothesis will be tested with new and continuing monitoring, experiments, and analyses of long-term datasets to examine: 1) the stability of these ecosystems as reflected by sentinel taxa, 2) the relationship between ecological legacies and ecosystem resilience, 3) the importance of material carryover during periods of low connectivity to maintaining biological activity and community stability, and 4) how changes in disturbance dynamics disrupt ecological cycles through the polar night. Tests of these hypotheses will occur in field and modeling activities using new and long-term datasets already collected. New datasets resulting from field activities will be made freely available via widely-known online databases (MCM LTER and EDI). The project team has also developed six Antarctic Core Ideas that encompass themes from data literacy to polar food webs and form a consistent thread across the education and outreach activities. Building on past success, collaborations will be established with teachers and artists embedded within the science teams, who will work to develop educational modules with science content informed by direct experience and artistic expression. Undergraduate mentoring efforts will incorporate computational methods through a new data-intensive scientific training program for MCM REU students. The project will also establish an Antarctic Research Experience for Community College Students at CU Boulder, to provide an immersive educational and research experience for students from diverse backgrounds in community colleges. MCM LTER will continue its mission of training and mentoring students, postdocs, and early career scientists as the next generation of leaders in polar ecosystem science and stewardship. Historically underrepresented participation will be expanded at each level of the project. To aid in these efforts, the project has established Education \u0026 Outreach and Diversity, Equity, and Inclusion committees to lead, coordinate, support, and integrate these activities through all aspects of MCM6.", "east": 162.87, "geometry": "POINT(162.87 -77)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; ABLATION ZONES/ACCUMULATION ZONES; SOIL TEMPERATURE; DIATOMS; FIELD INVESTIGATION; PERMANENT LAND SITES; BUOYS; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; SEDIMENTS; SNOW WATER EQUIVALENT; SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS; WATER-BASED PLATFORMS; FIXED OBSERVATION STATIONS; VIRUSES; PHYTOPLANKTON; ACTIVE LAYER; FIELD SURVEYS; RADIO TRANSMITTERS; DATA COLLECTIONS; ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS; LANDSCAPE; GROUND WATER; SNOW/ICE CHEMISTRY; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS; ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS; HUMIDITY; GEOCHEMISTRY; SURFACE WINDS; RIVERS/STREAM; GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE; SNOW; LAND RECORDS; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; BACTERIA/ARCHAEA; AIR TEMPERATURE; GLACIERS; SNOW/ICE TEMPERATURE; SOIL CHEMISTRY; METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS; WATER QUALITY/WATER CHEMISTRY; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; MOORED; PROTISTS; STREAMFLOW STATION; Dry Valleys; LAKE/POND; LAKE ICE; SNOW DEPTH; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; SNOW DENSITY; FIELD SITES", "locations": "Dry Valleys", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Gooseff, Michael N.; Adams, Byron; Barrett, John; Diaz, Melisa A.; Doran, Peter; Dugan, Hilary A.; Mackey, Tyler; Morgan-Kiss, Rachael; Salvatore, Mark; Takacs-Vesbach, Cristina; Zeglin, Lydia H.", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e DATA COLLECTIONS; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e RADIO TRANSMITTERS; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e FIXED OBSERVATION STATIONS; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e STREAMFLOW STATION; WATER-BASED PLATFORMS; WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e BUOYS; WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e BUOYS \u003e MOORED; WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e BUOYS \u003e MOORED \u003e BUOYS", "repo": "Environmental Data Initiative (EDI)", "repositories": "Environmental Data Initiative (EDI)", "science_programs": "LTER", "south": -77.0, "title": "LTER: MCM6 - The Roles of Legacy and Ecological Connectivity in a Polar Desert Ecosystem", "uid": "p0010440", "west": 162.87}, {"awards": "0943952 Cassano, John; 0944018 Lazzara, Matthew", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Antarctic Automatic Weather Stations", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200375", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48567/1hn2-nw60", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center", "science_program": null, "title": "Antarctic Automatic Weather Stations", "url": "https://amrdcdata.ssec.wisc.edu/dataset?q=0944018+"}], "date_created": "Fri, 20 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic Automatic Weather Station (AWS) network, first commenced in 1978, is the most extensive meteorological observing system on the Antarctic continent, approaching its 30th year at many of its key sites. Its prime focus as a long term observational record is vital to the measurement of the near surface climatology of the Antarctic atmosphere. AWS units measure air-temperature, pressure, wind speed and direction at a nominal surface height of 3m. Other parameters such as relative humidity and snow accumulation may also be taken. Observational data from the AWS are collected via the DCS Argos system aboard either NOAA or MetOp polar orbiting satellites and thus made available globally, in near real time via the GTS (Global Telecommunications System), to operational and synoptic weather forecasters. The surface observations from the AWS network also are often used to check on satellite and remote sensing observations, and the simulations of Global Climate Models (GCMs). Research instances of its use in this project include continued development of the climatology of the Antarctic atmosphere and surface wind studies of the Ross Ice Shelf. The AWS observations benefit the broader earth system science community, supporting research activities ranging from paleoclimate studies to penguin phenology.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; DATA COLLECTIONS; SURFACE PRESSURE; HUMIDITY; AIR TEMPERATURE; FIELD SITES; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS; SURFACE WINDS; WEATHER STATIONS", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Lazzara, Matthew; Cassano, John", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e DATA COLLECTIONS; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e WEATHER STATIONS", "repo": "Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center", "repositories": "Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program", "uid": "p0010438", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1149085 Bassis, Jeremy", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((66 -68,66.9 -68,67.8 -68,68.7 -68,69.6 -68,70.5 -68,71.4 -68,72.3 -68,73.2 -68,74.1 -68,75 -68,75 -68.6,75 -69.2,75 -69.8,75 -70.4,75 -71,75 -71.6,75 -72.2,75 -72.8,75 -73.4,75 -74,74.1 -74,73.2 -74,72.3 -74,71.4 -74,70.5 -74,69.6 -74,68.7 -74,67.8 -74,66.9 -74,66 -74,66 -73.4,66 -72.8,66 -72.2,66 -71.6,66 -71,66 -70.4,66 -69.8,66 -69.2,66 -68.6,66 -68))", "dataset_titles": "Antarctic Ice Shelf Rift Propagation Rates", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601740", "doi": "10.15784/601740", "keywords": "Amery Ice Shelf; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Shelf; MODIS", "people": "Walker, Catherine; Bassis, Jeremy", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Antarctic Ice Shelf Rift Propagation Rates", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601740"}], "date_created": "Fri, 13 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This CAREER award supports a project to develop physically based bounds on the amount ice sheets can contribute to sea level rise in the coming centuries. To simulate these limits, a three-dimensional discrete element model will be developed and applied to simulate regions of interest in the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets. These regions will include Helheim Glacier, Jakobshavn Isbr\u00e4e, Pine Island Glacier and sections of the Larsen Ice Shelf. In the discrete element model the ice will be discretized into distinct blocks or boulders of ice that interact through inelastic collisions, frictional forces and bonds. The spectrum of best to worst case scenarios will be examined by varying the strength and number of bonds between neighboring blocks of ice. The worst case scenario corresponds to completely disarticulated ice that behaves in a manner akin to a granular material while the best case scenario corresponds to completely intact ice with no preexisting flaws or fractures. Results from the discrete element model will be compared with those from analogous continuum models that incorporate a plastic yield stress into the more traditional viscous flow approximations used to simulate ice sheets. This will be done to assess if a fracture permitting plastic rheology can be efficiently incorporated into large-scale ice sheet models to simulate the evolution of ice sheets over the coming centuries. This award will also support to forge a partnership with two science teachers in the Ypsilanti school district in southeastern Michigan. The Ypsilanti school district is a low income, resource- poor region with a population that consists of ~70% underrepresented minorities and ~69% of students qualify for a free or reduced cost lunch. The cornerstone of the proposed partnership is the development of lesson plans and content associated with a hands-on ice sheet dynamics activity for 6th and 7th grade science students. The activity will be designed so that it integrates into existing classroom lesson plans and is aligned with State of Michigan Science Technology, Engineering and Math (STEM) curriculum goals. The aim of this program is to not only influence the elementary school students, but also to educate the teachers to extend the impact of the partnership beyond the duration of this study. Graduate students will be mentored and engaged in outreach activities and assist in supervising undergraduate students. Undergraduates will play a key role in developing an experimental, analogue ice dynamics lab designed to illustrate how ice sheets and glaciers flow and allow experimental validation of the proposed research activities. The research program advances ice sheet modeling infrastructure by distributing results through the community based Community Ice Sheet Model.", "east": 75.0, "geometry": "POINT(70.5 -71)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; Amery Ice Shelf", "locations": "Amery Ice Shelf", "north": -68.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Arctic Natural Sciences; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Bassis, Jeremy", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -74.0, "title": "CAREER: Bound to Improve - Improved Estimates of the Glaciological Contribution to Sea Level Rise", "uid": "p0010437", "west": 66.0}, {"awards": "2053169 Kingslake, Jonathan", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 15 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "When ice sheets and glaciers lose ice faster than it accumulates from snowfall, they shrink and contribute to sea-level rise. This has consequences for coastal communities around the globe by, for example, increasing the frequency of damaging storm surges. Sea-level rise is already underway and a major challenge for the geoscience community is improving predictions of how this will evolve. The Antarctic Ice Sheet is the largest potential contributor to sea-level rise and its future is highly uncertain. It loses ice through two main mechanisms: the formation of icebergs and melting at the base of floating ice shelves on its periphery. Ice flows under gravity towards the ocean and the rate of ice flow controls how fast ice sheets and glaciers shrink. In Greenland and Antarctica, ice flow is focused into outlet glaciers and ice streams, which flow much faster than surrounding areas. Moreover, parts of the Greenland Ice Sheet speed up and slow down substantially on hourly to seasonal time scales, particularly where meltwater from the surface reaches the base of the ice. Meltwater reaching the base changes ice flow by altering basal water pressure and consequently the friction exerted on the ice by the rock and sediment beneath. This phenomenon has been observed frequently in Greenland but not in Antarctica. Recent satellite observations suggest this phenomenon also occurs on outlet glaciers in the Antarctic Peninsula. Meltwater reaching the base of the Antarctic Ice Sheet is likely to become more common as air temperature and surface melting are predicted to increase around Antarctica this century. This project aims to confirm the recent satellite observations, establish a baseline against which to compare future changes, and improve understanding of the direct influence of meltwater on Antarctic Ice Sheet dynamics. This is a project jointly funded by the National Science Foundation?s Directorate for Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK) via the NSF/GEO-NERC Lead Agency Agreement. This Agreement allows a single joint US/UK proposal to be submitted and peer-reviewed by the Agency whose investigator has the largest proportion of the budget. Upon successful joint determination of an award recommendation, each Agency funds the proportion of the budget that supports scientists at institutions in their respective countries.\r\n\r\nThis project will include a field campaign on Flask Glacier, an Antarctic Peninsula outlet glacier, and a continent-wide remote sensing survey. These activities will allow the team to test three hypotheses related to the Antarctic Ice Sheet?s dynamic response to surface meltwater: (1) short-term changes in ice velocity indicated by satellite data result from surface meltwater reaching the bed, (2) this is widespread in Antarctica today, and (3) this results in a measurable increase in mean annual ice discharge. The project is a collaboration between US- and UK-based researchers and will be supported logistically by the British Antarctic Survey. The project aims to provide insights into both the drivers and implications of short-term changes in ice flow velocity caused by surface melting. For example, showing conclusively that meltwater directly influences Antarctic ice dynamics would have significant implications for understanding the response of Antarctica to atmospheric warming, as it did in Greenland when the phenomenon was first detected there twenty years ago. This work will also potentially influence other fields, as surface meltwater reaching the bed of the Antarctic Ice Sheet may affect ice rheology, subglacial hydrology, submarine melting, calving, ocean circulation, and ocean biogeochemistry. The project aims to have broader impacts on science and society by supporting early-career scientists, UK-US collaboration, education and outreach, and adoption of open data science approaches within the glaciological community.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ICE SHEETS; GLACIER MOTION/ICE SHEET MOTION; Antarctic Peninsula; BASAL SHEAR STRESS", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Kingslake, Jonathan; Sole, Andrew; Livingstone, Stephen; Winter, Kate; Ely, Jeremy", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Investigating the Direct Influence of Meltwater on Antarctic Ice Sheet Dynamics", "uid": "p0010436", "west": null}, {"awards": "2341344 Baker, Bill", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 15 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Secondary metabolites (also known as natural products) play a key role in ecosystem structure, protecting producers from all manner of harm, both biological (e.g., deterring predation and competitors) and physical (e.g., harmful light exposure). In a resource-limited ecosystem such as Antarctica, diverting energy and nutrients to secondary metabolism has to be measured very carefully against growth and reproduction. The fact that production of secondary metabolites by Antarctic marine organisms is common is testament to the significance of these metabolites \u2013 Antarctic organisms are spending precious resources on the biosynthesis of secondary metabolites. In our studies of the ecological role(s) and chemical diversity of Antarctic marine organisms, we have found Antarctic ecosystems rich in predator-prey dynamics, contributing to ecosystem structure, e.g., among other phenomena, cryptic speciation. But much of the chemical ecology work in Antarctica, our own as well as that of others, is generally done withing a few Km of a research station or on a random plot of benthos that happened to be scarred by a trawl. A broad view of ecosystem dynamics is out of the reach of most research groups due in part to the immense size of the continent as well as the difficulty in accessing such remote locations. However, with improvements in instrumentation and bioinformatic platforms, a broad view of the contributions of secondary metabolism to Antarctic chemical ecology is now available in the stacks of various museums of natural history. Museums have been archiving Antarctic and other biological specimens for decades and more. The common practice of preserving marine invertebrates in alcohol is fortuitous since alcohol is an good extraction solvent for secondary metabolites. To be sure, such secondary metabolites in many of those preservation fluids will be dilute and near the limits of detection of some analytical techniques. But to the extent that countless metabolites will be amenable to analysis using contemporary workflows, the new knowledge gained from such an in-depth study of Antarctic secondary metabolism could be transformative, illuminating both temporal as well as geographic patterns previously hidden by the difficulty of broadly accessing specimens. Herein we propose to optimize a chemical analysis workflow using to two species of Antarctic marine invertebrates sampled from the Smithsonian National Museum of Natural History (NMNH) holdings. Further, we will assess the storage methods utilized by the NMNH to inform future interests in preservation of specimen metabolomes.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Baker, Bill", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "EAGER: Metabolomics Analysis of Archival Marine Invertebrates", "uid": "p0010435", "west": null}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Direct observations of melting, freezing, and ocean circulation in an ice shelf basal crevasse", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601733", "doi": "10.15784/601733", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Direct observations of melting, freezing, and ocean circulation in an ice shelf basal crevasse", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601733"}], "date_created": "Tue, 12 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; Basal Crevassing; Basal Freezing; Basal Melting; Ice Shelf; Kamb Ice Stream; Oceanography", "locations": "Kamb Ice Stream; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Washam, Peter", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": "2034874 Salesky, Scott; 2035078 Giometto, Marco", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 08 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "1. A non-technical explanation of the project\u0027s broader significance and importance, that serves as a public justification for NSF funding. This part should be understandable to an educated reader who is not a scientist or engineer.\r\n\r\nKatabatic or drainage winds, carry high-density air from a higher elevation down a slope under the force of gravity. Although katabatic flows are ubiquitous in alpine and polar regions, a surface-layer similarity theory is currently lacking for these flows, undermining the accuracy of numerical weather and climate prediction models. This project is interdisciplinary, and will give graduate and undergraduate students valuable experience interacting with researchers outside their core discipline. Furthermore, this project will broaden participating in science through recruitment of students from under-represented groups at OU and CU through established programs.\r\n\r\nThe Antarctic Ice Sheet drives many processes in the Earth system through its modulation of regional and global atmospheric and oceanic circulations, storage of fresh water, and effects on global albedo and climate. An understanding of the surface mass balance of the ice sheets is critical for predicting future sea level rise and for interpreting ice core records. Yet, the evolution of the ice sheets through snow deposition, erosion, and transport in katabatic winds (which are persistent across much of the Antarctic) remains poorly understood due to the lack of an overarching theoretical framework, scarcity of in situ observational datasets, and a lack of accurate numerical modeling tools. Advances in the fundamental understanding and modeling capabilities of katabatic transport processes are urgently needed in view of the future climatic and snowfall changes that are projected to occur within the Antarctic continent. This project will leverage the expertise of a multidisciplinary team of investigators (with backgrounds spanning cryospheric science, environmental fluid mechanics, and atmospheric science) to address these knowledge gaps.\r\n\r\n\r\n2. A technical description of the project that states the problem to be studied, the goals and scope of the research, and the methods and approaches to be used. In many cases, the technical project description may be a modified version of the project summary submitted with the proposal. \r\n\r\nUsing field observations and direct numerical simulations of katabatic flow, this project is expected--- for the first time---to lead to a surface-layer similarity theory for katabatic flows relating turbulent fluxes to mean vertical gradients. The similarity theory will be used to develop surface boundary conditions for large eddy simulations (LES), enabling the first accurate LES of katabatic flow.\r\n\r\nThe numerical tools that the PIs will develop will allow them to investigate how the partitioning between snow redistribution, transport, and sublimation depends on the environmental parameters typically encountered in Antarctica (e.g. atmospheric stratification, surface sloping angles, and humidity profiles), and to develop simple models to infer snow transport based on satellite remote sensing and regional climate models\r\n\r\nThis award reflects the NSF statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the intellectual merit of the Foundation and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "TURBULENCE; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; DATA COLLECTIONS; SNOW/ICE; SNOW; FIELD INVESTIGATION; AIR TEMPERATURE; HUMIDITY", "locations": null, "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Salesky, Scott; Giometto, Marco; Das, Indrani", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e DATA COLLECTIONS; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Collaborative Research: Snow Transport in Katabatic Winds and Implications for the Antarctic Surface Mass Balance: Observations, Theory, and Numerical Modeling", "uid": "p0010433", "west": null}, {"awards": "2231558 Smith, Nathan; 2231559 Tinto, Kirsteen", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 01 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "PUBLIC ABSTRACT \u2013 NSF 2231558/2231559\r\nCOLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: CONFERENCE: INTERDISCIPLINARY ANTARCTIC EARTH SCIENCE CONFERENCE \u0026 DEEP-FIELD PLANNING WORKSHOP\r\n\r\nThe unique Antarctic environment offers insight into processes and records not seen anywhere else on Earth, and is critical to understanding our planet\u2019s history and future. The remoteness and logistics of Antarctic science brings together researchers from diverse disciplines who otherwise wouldn\u2019t be presented with opportunities for collaboration, and often rarely attend the same academic conferences. The Interdisciplinary Antarctic Earth Science (IAES) conference is a biennial gathering that supports the collaboration of U.S. bio-, cryo-, geo-, and atmospheric science researchers working in the Antarctic. This proposal will support the next two IAES conferences to be held in 2022 and 2024, as well as a paired deep-field camp planning workshop. The IAES conference is important to the mission of the NSF in supporting interdisciplinary collaboration in the Antarctic earth sciences, but also fulfills recommendations by the National Academy for improving awareness, data sharing, and early career researcher mentoring and development. The size and scope of the IAES conference allow it to serve as a hub for novel, interdisciplinary collaboration, as well as an incubator for the development of the next generation of Antarctic earth scientists.\r\n\r\nThe goals of the IAES conference are to develop and deepen scientific collaborations across the Antarctic earth science community, and create a framework for future deep-field, as well as non-field-based research. The conference will share science through presentations of current research and keynote talks, broaden participation through welcoming new researchers from under-represented communities and disciplines, and deepen collaboration through interdisciplinary networking highlighting potential research connections, novel mentorship activities, and promoting data re-use, and application of remote sensing and modeling. Discussions resulting from the IAES conference will be used to develop white papers on future Antarctic collaborative research and deep-field camps based on community-driven research priorities. Community surveys and feedback will be solicited throughout the project to guide the future development of the IAES conference.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "GEOMORPHIC LANDFORMS/PROCESSES; GEOCHEMISTRY; California; ICE CORE RECORDS; ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS", "locations": "California", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Smith, Nathan; Tinto, Kirsty", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Conference: Interdisciplinary Antarctic Earth Science Conference \u0026 Deep-Field Planning Workshop", "uid": "p0010432", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2232891 Postlethwait, John", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -37,-144 -37,-108 -37,-72 -37,-36 -37,0 -37,36 -37,72 -37,108 -37,144 -37,180 -37,180 -42.3,180 -47.6,180 -52.9,180 -58.2,180 -63.5,180 -68.8,180 -74.1,180 -79.4,180 -84.69999999999999,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -84.7,-180 -79.4,-180 -74.1,-180 -68.8,-180 -63.5,-180 -58.2,-180 -52.9,-180 -47.6,-180 -42.300000000000004,-180 -37))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 14 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic animals face tremendous threats as Antarctic ice sheets melt and temperatures rise. About 34 million years ago, when Antarctica began to cool, most species of fish became locally extinct. A group called the notothenioids, however, survived due to the evolution of antifreeze. The group eventually split into over 120 species. Why did this group of Antarctic fishes evolve into so many species? One possible reason why a single population splits into two species relates to sex genes and sex chromosomes. Diverging species often have either different sex determining genes (genes that specify whether an individual\u2019s gonads become ovaries or testes) or have different sex chromosomes (chromosomes that differ between males and females within a species, like the human X and Y chromosomes). We know the sex chromosomes of only a few notothenioid species and know the genetic basis for sex determination in none of them. \r\nThe aims of this research are to: 1) identify sex chromosomes in species representing every major group of Antarctic notothenioid fish; 2) discover possible sex determining genes in every major group of Antarctic notothenioid fish; and 3) find sex chromosomes and possible sex determining genes in two groups of temperate, warmer water, notothenioid fish. These warmer water fish include groups that never experienced the frigid Southern Ocean and groups that had ancestors inhabiting Antarctic oceans that later adjusted to warmer waters. This project will help explain the mechanisms that led to the division of a group of species threatened by climate change. This information is critical to conserve declining populations of Antarctic notothenioids, which are major food sources for other Antarctic species such as bird and seals. \r\nThe project will offer a diverse group of undergraduates the opportunity to develop a permanent exhibit at the Eugene Science Center Museum. The exhibit will describe the Antarctic environment and explain its rapid climate change. It will also introduce the continent\u2019s bizarre fishes that live below the freezing point of water. The project will collaborate with the university\u2019s Science and Comics Initiative and students in the English Department\u2019s Comics Studies Minor to prepare short graphic novels explaining Antarctic biogeography, icefish specialties, and the science of this project as it develops.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Speciation; Southern Ocean; Dragonfish; Antarctica; Plunderfish; Fish; Notothenioid; FISH; Eleginopsioidea; Icefish; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; Cryonotothenioid; Sub-Antarctic", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Sub-Antarctic", "north": -37.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Postlethwait, John; Desvignes, Thomas", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "ANT LIA: The Role of Sex Determination in the Radiation of Antarctic Notothenioid Fish", "uid": "p0010431", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2317263 Cross, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 14 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The seaward motion of ice sheets and glaciers is primarily controlled by basal sliding below, and internal viscous flow within, ice masses. The latter of these\u2014viscous flow\u2014is dependent on various factors, including temperature, stress, grain size, and the alignment of ice crystals during flow to produce a crystal orientation fabric (COF). Historically, ice flow has been modeled using a constitutive equation, termed \u201cGlen\u2019s law\u201d, that describes ice flow rate as a function of temperature and stress. Glen\u2019s law was constrained under relatively high-stress conditions, and is often attributed to the motion of crystal defects within ice grains. More recently, however, grain boundary sliding (GBS) has been invoked as the rate-controlling process under low-stress, \u201csuperplastic\u201d conditions. The grain boundary sliding hypothesis is contentious because GBS is not thought to produce a COF, whereas geophysical measurements and polar ice cores demonstrate strong COFs in polar ice masses. However, very few COF measurements have been conducted on ice samples subjected to superplastic flow conditions in the laboratory. In this project, the PI primarily seeks to measure the evolution of ice COF across the transition from superplastic to Glen-type creep. Results will be used to interrogate the role of superplastic GBS creep within polar ice masses, and thereby provide constraints on polar ice discharge models.\r\n\r\nPolycrystalline ice samples with grain sizes ranging from 5 \u00b5m to 1000 \u00b5m will be fabricated and deformed in the PI\u2019s laboratory at WHOI, using a 1-atm cryogenic axial-torsion apparatus. Experiments will be conducted at temperatures of \u221230\u00b0C to \u221210\u00b0C, and at a constant uniaxial strain rate of 10-7 s-1. Under these conditions, 5% to 99.99% of strain should be accommodated by superplastic, GBS-limited creep, depending on the sample grain size. The deformed samples will then be imaged using cryogenic electron backscatter diffraction (cryo-EBSD) and high-angular-resolution electron backscatter diffraction (HR-EBSD) to quantify COF, grain size, grain shape, and crystal defect (dislocation) densities, among other microstructural properties. These measurements will be used to decipher the rate-controlling mechanisms operating within different thermomechanical regimes, and resolve a long-standing debate over whether superplastic creep can produce a COF in ice. In addition to the polycrystal experiments, ice bicrystals will be fabricated and deformed to investigate the micromechanical behavior of individual grain boundaries under superplastic conditions. Ultimately, these results will be used to provide a microstructural toolbox for identifying superplastic creep using geophysical (e.g., seismic, radar) and glaciological (e.g., ice core) observations. This project will support one graduate student within the MIT-WHOI Joint Program, one or more undergraduate summer students, and a junior faculty member (the PI). In addition, the PI will host a workshop aimed at bringing together experimentalists, glaciologists, and ice modelers to facilitate cross-disciplinary knowledge sharing and collaborative problem solving.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "United States Of America; Rheology; ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS", "locations": "United States Of America", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Cross, Andrew", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Microstructural Evolution during Superplastic Ice Creep", "uid": "p0010430", "west": null}, {"awards": "2203176 Cimino, Megan; 2203177 Steinberg, Deborah", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-80 -60,-77 -60,-74 -60,-71 -60,-68 -60,-65 -60,-62 -60,-59 -60,-56 -60,-53 -60,-50 -60,-50 -61,-50 -62,-50 -63,-50 -64,-50 -65,-50 -66,-50 -67,-50 -68,-50 -69,-50 -70,-53 -70,-56 -70,-59 -70,-62 -70,-65 -70,-68 -70,-71 -70,-74 -70,-77 -70,-80 -70,-80 -69,-80 -68,-80 -67,-80 -66,-80 -65,-80 -64,-80 -63,-80 -62,-80 -61,-80 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 10 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Macrozooplankton are key contributors to marine ecosystem function, and combining empirical sampling and modeling will enable prediction of changing distribution patterns. Challenges in understanding alterations in distributions of these organisms are magnified in the Antarctic Peninsula (AP) ecosystem where ocean warming and sea-ice decline are assumed to drive range shifts in dominant taxa (e.g., krill, pteropods and salps), but functional relationships between zooplankton species distributions and environmental conditions remain uncertain. Therefore, we propose to leverage three decades of zooplankton abundance data and predator (seabird, whale and seal) sighting data from two main longterm survey programs to develop and evaluate predictive Zooplankton Distribution Models (ZDMs) along the AP (at least 60\u00b0 S to 70\u00b0 S, ~400,000 km2). To do this, we will adapt a successful machine learning modeling approach from the California Current ecosystem that utilizes bathymetric and oceanographic data to predict zooplankton species distributions. Our main outputs will be 1) a description of species spatiotemporal trends and abundance patterns, 2) a summary of overlap in zooplankton species and predator species distributions, and 3) the creation of a zooplankton mapping tool allowing for public viewing of past and future ZDM predictions.", "east": -50.0, "geometry": "POINT(-65 -65)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ANIMAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR; PELAGIC; BIRDS; SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS; ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES; Antarctic Peninsula", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Cimino, Megan; Steinberg, Deborah", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Harvesting Long-term Survey Data to Develop Zooplankton Distribution Models for the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "p0010429", "west": -80.0}, {"awards": "2317927 Hills, Benjamin", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Radar Reflectivity at Whillans Ice Plain", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200401", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.11201199", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Radar Reflectivity at Whillans Ice Plain", "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.11201199"}], "date_created": "Mon, 07 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ice flow is resisted by frictional forces that keep a glacier from immediately sliding into the ocean. Friction comes in two varieties: internal friction within the ice column which resists ice deformation and basal friction which resists ice sliding over its bedrock substrate. Partitioning between internal and basal friction is difficult since both have similar expressions at the most common target for data collection?the ice-sheet surface. However, understanding this partitioning is important because the physical processes that control internal and basal friction act and evolve at different timescales. This project combines spaceborne remote sensing observations from the ice-sheet surface with ice-penetrating radar data that images the internal structure of the ice sheet in order to partition the contribution of each source of friction. Results will advance the fundamental understanding of ice flow and will strengthen projections of future sea-level rise. Broader Impacts of the project include facilitating data reuse for the ice-sheet research community; the strategy for distributing the software toolkit includes student mentorship and hackathon teaching.\r\n\r\nThe researcher will expand the impact of existing ice-penetrating datasets by 1) developing new open-source algorithms for extraction of englacial stratigraphy; 2) creating stratigraphy data products that can be assimilated into future studies of ice motion; and 3) using statistical analyses to integrate radar datasets into larger-scale interpretations with remote sensing datasets of ice-surface velocity, altimetry, climate variables, and model-derived basal friction. The computational tools developed as part of this effort will be integrated and released as a reusable software toolkit for ice-penetrating radar data analysis. The toolkit will be validated and tested by deployment to cloud-hosted JupyterHub instances, which will serve as a singular interface to access radar and remote sensing data, load them into a unified framework, step through a predefined processing flow, and carry out statistical analyses. In some areas, the imaged englacial stratigraphy will deviate from the ice-dynamic setting expected based on surface measurements alone. There, the internal dynamics (or ice-dynamic history) are inconsistent with the surface dynamics, likely because internal friction is poorly constrained and misattributed to basal friction instead. This work will develop the data and statistical tools for constraining internal friction from ice-penetrating radar, making those data products and tools available for future work.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": "EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS \u003e ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING; EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS \u003e ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "GLACIER MOTION/ICE SHEET MOTION; BT-67; Antarctica; GLACIER TOPOGRAPHY/ICE SHEET TOPOGRAPHY; DHC-6; ICE SHEETS", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Post Doc/Travel", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Hills, Benjamin", "platforms": "AIR-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PROPELLER \u003e BT-67; AIR-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PROPELLER \u003e DHC-6", "repo": "Zenodo", "repositories": "Zenodo", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Postdoctoral Fellowship: OPP-PRF: Disentangling Ice-sheet Internal and Basal Processes through Novel Ice-penetrating Radar Integration Built on Scalable, Cloud-based Infrastructure", "uid": "p0010428", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2032328 Apel, Eric", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 27 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "A class of small molecules, very short-lived substances (VSLS; e.g. CHBr3,CH2Br2, and CH3I) are important components in the climate system where they act as tropospheric ozone destroyers as described in the multilateral environmental Montreal Protocol on Substances that Deplete the Ozone Layer. The Southern Ocean represents a key component in the climate system and has a critical role in other global biogeochemical cycles.\r\n\r\nThis project will use the NSF/NCAR Community Earth System Model (CESM) with a newly developed online air-sea exchange framework, to evaluate biogeochemical controls on the marine sources of VSLS in the Southern Ocean as well as the Southern Hemisphere. A machine-learning approach will be used to couple ocean biogeochemistry with air-sea exchange for these compounds. A variety of oceanic and atmospheric observations of VSLS will be used to evaluate a unique oceanic VSLS inventory. In particular, the recent ORCAS field campaign provides a unique opportunity to examine Southern Ocean VSLS emissions, and their impacts from ocean biogeochemistry, meteorology and sea ice cycles. The project will also support a postdoctoral early-career researcher, and a specific effort of this project is STEM education and public outreach activities. The research team will extend opportunities to high school and undergraduate students so they may gain experience in the coupled ocean and atmospheric sciences, including exposure to and experience in programming and modeling.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctic Peninsula; HALOCARBONS AND HALOGENS", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Apel, Eric", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Southern Ocean Biogeochemistry Control on Short-Lived Ozone-Depleting Substances and Impacts on the Climate System", "uid": "p0010427", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2026045 Schofield, Oscar; 2224611 Schofield, Oscar", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-79.65 -63.738,-77.9728 -63.738,-76.29560000000001 -63.738,-74.61840000000001 -63.738,-72.94120000000001 -63.738,-71.26400000000001 -63.738,-69.58680000000001 -63.738,-67.9096 -63.738,-66.2324 -63.738,-64.5552 -63.738,-62.878 -63.738,-62.878 -64.3683,-62.878 -64.9986,-62.878 -65.6289,-62.878 -66.25919999999999,-62.878 -66.8895,-62.878 -67.5198,-62.878 -68.1501,-62.878 -68.7804,-62.878 -69.41069999999999,-62.878 -70.041,-64.5552 -70.041,-66.2324 -70.041,-67.9096 -70.041,-69.5868 -70.041,-71.26400000000001 -70.041,-72.94120000000001 -70.041,-74.61840000000001 -70.041,-76.29560000000001 -70.041,-77.9728 -70.041,-79.65 -70.041,-79.65 -69.41069999999999,-79.65 -68.7804,-79.65 -68.1501,-79.65 -67.5198,-79.65 -66.8895,-79.65 -66.25919999999999,-79.65 -65.6289,-79.65 -64.9986,-79.65 -64.3683,-79.65 -63.738))", "dataset_titles": "Expedition Data of LMG2301; Expedition Data of NBP2113; Palmer LTER data in the Environmental Data Initiative Repository", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200371", "doi": null, "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "Expedition Data of LMG2301", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/LMG2301"}, {"dataset_uid": "200370", "doi": null, "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "Expedition Data of NBP2113", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/NBP2113"}, {"dataset_uid": "200367", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "EDI", "science_program": null, "title": "Palmer LTER data in the Environmental Data Initiative Repository", "url": "https://portal.edirepository.org/nis/browseServlet?searchValue=PAL"}], "date_created": "Wed, 26 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The goal of all LTER sites is to conduct policy-relevant ecosystem research for questions that require tens of years of data and cover large geographical areas. The Palmer Antarctica Long Term Ecological Research (PAL-LTER) site has been in operation since 1990 and has been studying how the marine ecosystem west of the Antarctica Peninsula (WAP) is responding to a climate that is changing as rapidly as any place on the Earth. The study is evaluating how warming conditions and decreased ice cover leading to extended periods of open water are affecting many aspects of ecosystem function. The team is using combined cutting-edge approaches including yearly ship-based research cruises, small-boat weekly sampling, autonomous vehicles, animal biologging, oceanographic floats and seafloor moorings, manipulative lab-based process studies and modeling to evaluate both seasonal and annual ecosystem responses. These combined approaches are allowing for the study the ecosystem changes at scales needed to assess both short-term and long-term drivers. The study region also includes submarine canyons that are special regions of enhanced biological activity within the WAP. This research program is paired with a comprehensive education and outreach program promoting the global significance of Antarctic science and research. In addition to training for graduate and undergraduate students, they are using newly-developed Polar Literacy Principles as a foundation in a virtual schoolyard program that shares polar instructional materials and provides learning opportunities for K-12 educators. The PAL-LTER team is also leveraging the development of Out of School Time materials for afterschool and summer camp programs, sharing Palmer LTER-specific teaching materials with University, Museum, and 4-H Special Interest Club partners.\r\n\r\nPolar ecosystems are among the most rapidly changing on Earth. The Palmer LTER (PAL-LTER) program builds on three decades of coordinated research along the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) to gain new mechanistic and predictive understanding of ecosystem changes in response to disturbances spanning long-term decadal (press) drivers and changes due to higher-frequency (pulse) drivers, such as large storms and extreme seasonal anomaly in sea ice cover. The influence of major natural climate modes that modulate variations in sea ice, weather, and oceanographic conditions to drive changes in ecosystem structure and function (e.g., El Nio Southern Oscillation and Southern Annular Mode) are being studied at multiple time scales from diel, seasonal, interannual, to decadal intervals, and space scalesfrom hemispheric to global scale investigated by remote sensing, the regional scales. Specifically, the team is evaluating how variability of physical properties (such as vertical and alongshore connectivity processes) interact to modulate biogeochemical cycling and community ecology in the WAP region. The study is providing an evaluation of ecosystem resilience and ecological responses to long-term press-pulse drivers and a decadal-level reversal in sea ice coverage. This program is providing fundamental understanding of population and biogeochemical responses for a marine ecosystem experiencing profound change.", "east": -62.878, "geometry": "POINT(-71.26400000000001 -66.8895)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "SEA ICE; PLANKTON; PELAGIC; West Antarctic Shelf; R/V NBP; OCEAN MIXED LAYER; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; PENGUINS; R/V LMG", "locations": "West Antarctic Shelf", "north": -63.738, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Schofield, Oscar; Steinberg, Deborah", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e R/V LMG; WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e R/V NBP", "repo": "R2R", "repositories": "EDI; R2R", "science_programs": "LTER", "south": -70.041, "title": "LTER: Ecological Response and Resilience to \u201cPress-Pulse\u201d Disturbances and a Recent Decadal Reversal in Sea Ice Trends Along the West Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "p0010426", "west": -79.65}, {"awards": "2142491 Young, Jodi", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Wed, 26 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The aims of this CAREER proposal are to gain a greater understanding of the role of sympagic algae in Antarctic marine ecosystems with the goal to better parameterize their role in biogeochemical and ecosystem processes across dynamic environments. Specifically, this proposal will apply a laboratory-scale, ice-tank system that recreates the seasonal cycle of sea ice in the laboratory for the purpose of studying sympagic microbes to study the following questions:\r\n1.1 \tStarting with a late autumn, mixed phytoplankton community, how do different algal species specialize to sea ice, seawater and flooded snow/ice habitats over winter?\r\n1.2 \tWhat are the relationships between different methods of measuring primary production (fluorescence, O2 production, CO2 drawdown) in sea ice? Does this differ from seawater?\r\n1.3 \tDoes the presence of sea-ice algae influence the physical structure of sea ice?\r\n1.4\tHow does the release of compatible solutes from algae during ice melt influence the dissolved organic pool?\r\nIn addition, I propose to integrate educational activities with my research goals. This includes development of an educational program at the university and K-12 level on Antarctic Sciences that develops critical thinking and quantitative skills, encourages STEM participation from underrepresented groups and establishes an interactive network of Antarctic researchers to broaden research opportunities.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "MARINE ECOSYSTEMS", "locations": null, "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Young, Jodi", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "CAREER: Experimentally Testing the Role of Sympagic Algae in Sea-ice Environments using a Laboratory Scale Ice-tank.", "uid": "p0010425", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2302832 Reilly, Brendan", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-70 -55,-67 -55,-64 -55,-61 -55,-58 -55,-55 -55,-52 -55,-49 -55,-46 -55,-43 -55,-40 -55,-40 -56.1,-40 -57.2,-40 -58.3,-40 -59.4,-40 -60.5,-40 -61.6,-40 -62.7,-40 -63.8,-40 -64.9,-40 -66,-43 -66,-46 -66,-49 -66,-52 -66,-55 -66,-58 -66,-61 -66,-64 -66,-67 -66,-70 -66,-70 -64.9,-70 -63.8,-70 -62.7,-70 -61.6,-70 -60.5,-70 -59.4,-70 -58.3,-70 -57.2,-70 -56.1,-70 -55))", "dataset_titles": "NRM, ARM, IRM, and magnetic susceptibility investigations on U1537 and U1538 cube samples; Rock magnetic data from IODP Exp. 382 Sites U1537 and U1538 to support Reilly et al. \"A geochemical mechanism for \u003e10 m offsets of magnetic reversals inferred from the comparison of two Scotia Sea drill sites\"", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200411", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.10035106", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Rock magnetic data from IODP Exp. 382 Sites U1537 and U1538 to support Reilly et al. \"A geochemical mechanism for \u003e10 m offsets of magnetic reversals inferred from the comparison of two Scotia Sea drill sites\"", "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/10035107"}, {"dataset_uid": "200412", "doi": "10.7288/V4/MAGIC/19778", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "MagIC (EarthRef)", "science_program": null, "title": "NRM, ARM, IRM, and magnetic susceptibility investigations on U1537 and U1538 cube samples", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.7288/V4/MAGIC/19778"}], "date_created": "Wed, 12 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The potential for future sea level rise from melting and collapse of Antarctic ice sheets and glaciers is concerning. We can improve our understanding of how water is exchanged between Antarctic ice sheets and the ocean by studying how ice sheets behaved in past climates, especially conditions that were similar to or warmer than those at present. For this project, the research team will document Antarctica\u0027s response across an interval when Earth transitioned from the warm Pliocene into the Pleistocene ice ages by combining marine and land evidence for glacier variations from sites near the Antarctic Peninsula, complimented by detailed work on timescales and fossil evidence for environmental change. An important goal is to test whether Antarctica\u0027s glaciers changed at the same time as glaciers in the Northern Hemisphere as Earth\u0027s most recent Ice Age intensified, or alternatively responded to regional climate forcing in the Southern Hemisphere. Eleven investigators from seven US institutions, as well as Argentine collaborators, will study new sediment cores from the International Ocean Discovery Program, as well as legacy cores from that program and on-land outcrops on James Ross Island. The group embraces a vertically integrated research program that allows high school, undergraduate, graduate, post-docs and faculty to work together on the same projects. This structure leverages the benefits of near-peer mentoring and the development of a robust collaborative research network while allowing all participants to take ownership of different parts of the project. All members of the team are firmly committed to attracting researchers from under-represented groups and will do this through existing channels as well as via co-creating programming that centers the perspectives of diverse students in conversations about sea-level rise and climate change.\r\n\r\nThe proposed research seeks to understand phasing between Northern and Southern Hemisphere glacier and climate changes, as a means to understand drivers and teleconnections. The dynamics of past Antarctic glaciation can be studied using the unique isotope geochemical and mineralogic fingerprints from glacial sectors tied to a well-constrained time model for the stratigraphic successions. The proposed work would further refine the stratigraphic context through coupled biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic work. The magnitude of iceberg calving and paths of icebergs will be revealed using the flux, geochemical and mineralogic signatures, and 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb geochronology of ice-rafted detritus. These provenance tracers will establish which sectors of Antarctica\u0027s ice sheets are more vulnerable to collapse, and the timing and pacing of these events will be revealed by their stratigraphic context. Additionally, the team will work with Argentine collaborators to connect the marine and terrestrial records by studying glacier records intercalated with volcanic flows on James Ross Island. These new constraints will be integrated with a state of the art ice-sheet model to link changes in ice dynamics with their underlying causes. Together, these tight stratigraphic constraints, geochemical signatures, and ice-sheet model simulations will provide a means to compare to the global records of climate change, understand their primary drivers, and elucidate the role of the Antarctic ice sheet in a major, global climatic shift from the Pliocene into the Pleistocene.", "east": -40.0, "geometry": "POINT(-55 -60.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "PALEOMAGNETISM; SEDIMENTS; Scotia Sea", "locations": "Scotia Sea", "north": -55.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": "PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC \u003e NEOGENE \u003e PLIOCENE; PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC \u003e QUATERNARY; PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC \u003e QUATERNARY \u003e PLEISTOCENE; PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC \u003e QUATERNARY \u003e HOLOCENE; PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC \u003e NEOGENE; PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC", "persons": "Reilly, Brendan", "platforms": null, "repo": "Zenodo", "repositories": "MagIC (EarthRef); Zenodo", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Linking Marine and Terrestrial Sedimentary Evidence for Plio-pleistocene Variability of Weddell Embayment and Antarctic Peninsula Glaciation", "uid": "p0010424", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1847173 Duddu, Ravindra", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 07 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Iceberg calving is a complex natural fracture process and a dominant cause of mass loss from the floating ice shelves on the margins of the Antarctic ice sheet. There is concern that rapid changes at these ice shelves can destabilize parts of the ice sheet and accelerate their contribution to sea-level rise. The goal of this project is to understand and simulate the fracture mechanics of calving and to develop physically-consistent calving schemes for ice-sheet models. This would enable more reliable estimation of Antarctic mass loss by reducing the uncertainty in projections. The research plan is integrated with an education and outreach plan that aims to (1) enhance computational modeling skills of engineering and Earth science students through a cross-college course and a high-performance computing workshop and (2) increase participation and diversity in engineering and sciences by providing interdisciplinary research opportunities to undergraduates and by deploying new cyberlearning tools to engage local K-12 students in the Metro Nashville Public Schools in computational science and engineering, and glaciology.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis project aims to provide fundamental understanding of iceberg calving by advancing the frontiers in computational fracture mechanics and nonlinear continuum mechanics and translating it to glaciology. The project investigates crevasse propagation using poro-damage mechanics models for hydrofracture that are consistent with nonlinear viscous ice rheology, along with the thermodynamics of refreezing in narrow crevasses at meter length scales. It will develop a fracture-physics based scheme to better represent calving in ice-sheet models using a multiscale method. The effort will also address research questions related to calving behavior of floating ice shelves and glaciers, with the goal of enabling more reliable prediction of calving fronts in whole-Antarctic ice-sheet simulations over decadal-to-millennial time scales.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "United States Of America; GLACIER MOTION/ICE SHEET MOTION", "locations": "United States Of America", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Duddu, Ravindra", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "CAREER: Fracture Mechanics of Antarctic Ice Shelves and Glaciers - Representing Iceberg Calving in Ice Sheet Models and Developing Cyberlearning Tools for Outreach", "uid": "p0010423", "west": null}, {"awards": "1847173 Duddu, Ravindra", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Abaqus user-defined elements subroutine for cohesive zone model of hydrofracturing of surface crevasses in ice shelves", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601704", "doi": "10.15784/601704", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Abaqus user-defined elements subroutine for cohesive zone model of hydrofracturing of surface crevasses in ice shelves", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601704"}], "date_created": "Tue, 04 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Duddu, Ravindra; Jimenez, Stephen; Ghosh, Gourab; Gao, Yuxiang", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": "2021699 Trusel, Luke", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Antarctic ice sheet daily surface melt detection from ASCAT (2007-2022); ASCAT-ERA5 Antarctic Peninsula Daily Surface Meltwater Production (2007-2022); Trusel et al 2022, Geophysical Research Letters: Publication data and code", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200362", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.7995543", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "ASCAT-ERA5 Antarctic Peninsula Daily Surface Meltwater Production (2007-2022)", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/7995543"}, {"dataset_uid": "200364", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.7995998", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Antarctic ice sheet daily surface melt detection from ASCAT (2007-2022)", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/7995998"}, {"dataset_uid": "200363", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6374343", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Trusel et al 2022, Geophysical Research Letters: Publication data and code", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6374343"}], "date_created": "Fri, 02 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Melting of snow and ice at the surface of the Antarctic ice sheet can lead to the formation of meltwater lakes, an important precursor to ice-shelf collapse and accelerated ice-sheet mass loss. Understanding the present state of Antarctic surface melt provides a baseline to gauge how quickly melt impacts could evolve in the future and to reduce uncertainties in estimates of future sea-level rise. \r\n\r\nThis project used a suite of complimentary measurements from Earth-observing satellites, ground observations, and numerical climate models to enhance understanding of surface melt and lakes, as well as the processes linking these systems. The project supported the scientific training of a postdoctoral associate, a graduate student, and several undergraduate researchers. In addition, the project aimed to promote public scientific literacy and the broadening of quantitative skills for high-school students through the development and implementation of an educational unit in a partnership with an education and outreach expert and two high school teachers.\r\n\r\nWe identified that surface lake drainages on East Antarctica\u2019s Amery Ice Shelf closely correspond to peaks in the daily amplitude of ocean tides. This research indicates that tidal-induced flexure inherent to the ice shelf grounding zone when combined with sufficient surface meltwater volumes can trigger ice shelf surface lake drainages (Trusel et al., 2022). In addition, we developed new estimates of surface melting across the Antarctic ice sheet using satellite and reanalysis data. First, we developed and implemented a pan-Antarctic ice sheet surface melt detection method applied to C-band Advanced Scatterometer (ASCAT) radar backscatter data. These binary melt presence/absence data were then combined with radar backscatter and ERA5 reanalysis outputs to estimate daily rates of surface meltwater production (in mm of water equivalence) across the Antarctic Peninsula region. These data therefore provide a new, observationally based dataset to investigate the intensity and drivers of surface melting in Antarctica\u2019s highest-melt region, and with which to evaluate climate model simulations. This method and an assessment of the resulting data are the subject of a forthcoming manuscript. \r\n\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ICE SHEETS; Antarctica; Surface Hydrology", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Trusel, Luke; Moussavi, Mahsa", "platforms": null, "repo": "Zenodo", "repositories": "Zenodo", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Water on the Antarctic Ice Sheet: Quantifying Surface Melt and Mapping Supraglacial Lakes", "uid": "p0010422", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2326960 Doddi, Abhiram", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((36 -68,36.9 -68,37.8 -68,38.7 -68,39.6 -68,40.5 -68,41.4 -68,42.3 -68,43.2 -68,44.1 -68,45 -68,45 -68.2,45 -68.4,45 -68.6,45 -68.8,45 -69,45 -69.2,45 -69.4,45 -69.6,45 -69.8,45 -70,44.1 -70,43.2 -70,42.3 -70,41.4 -70,40.5 -70,39.6 -70,38.7 -70,37.8 -70,36.9 -70,36 -70,36 -69.8,36 -69.6,36 -69.4,36 -69.2,36 -69,36 -68.8,36 -68.6,36 -68.4,36 -68.2,36 -68))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Sat, 20 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This is an international collaboration between the University of Colorado, the University of Kyoto, and the National Institute of Polar Research (NIPR) in Tokyo, to carry out a 40-day observational field campaign as part of the Japanese Antarctic Research Expedition (JARE) to Syowa station (690S, 400E) located on the eastern Antarctic coast. This campaign will deploy 44 custom high-altitude in-situ instruments called HYFLITS (\u0027Hypersonic Flight in the Turbulent Stratosphere\u0027) to characterize turbulence in the troposphere and lower stratosphere, as well as conduct intercomparisons with the VHF PANSY radar (\u2018Program of the ANtarctic SYowa\u2019) observations and concurrently deployed LODEWAVE (LOng-Duration balloon Experiment of gravity WAVE over Antarctica) observations.\r\nThis research is motivated by the fact that the sources representing realistic multi-scale gravity wave (GW) drag, and Kelvin Helmholtz Instability (KHI) dynamics in enhanced shear flows, and their contributions to momentum/energy budgets due to turbulent transport/mixing, are largely missing in the current state-of-the-art General Circulation Model (GCM) parameterization schemes. This results in poor and unreliable model forecasts of flow features from local to synoptic scales at southern high latitudes. \r\nThe proposed research aims to utilize high-resolution in-situ turbulence instruments to characterize the multi-scale GW sources and breaking, KHI instabilities emerging in a wide range of scales, Reynolds and Richardson numbers, and background GW environments in the coastal Antarctic region and quantify their contributions to the momentum and turbulence energy budgets in the tropo-stratosphere. Specific research objectives include the following:\r\n1.\tCharacterize the large-scale dynamics of orographic GWs produced by katabatic forcing and non-orographic GWs produced by summer tropopause jets and low-pressure synoptic-scale events employing targeted HYFLITS and LODEWAVE measurements in conjunction with PANSY radar observations.\r\n2.\tQuantify the GW momentum fluxes using HYFLITS and LODEWAVE measurements, and the turbulence dissipation rates using HYFLITS and PANSY radar measurements for representative multi-scale GW and KHI events to assess the zonal and meridional energy and constituent transport, and the variability in turbulence intensities/mixing throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere.\r\nThe project will deploy the low-cost HYFLITS systems equipped with custom in-situ turbulence and radiosonde instruments at Syowa station. These balloon payloads descend slowly from an apogee of 20 km to provide high-resolution, wake-free turbulence observations, with guidance from real-time PANSY radar echoes and in coordination with the LODEWAVE experiment, to profile the atmospheric states for representative dynamical events.", "east": 45.0, "geometry": "POINT(40.5 -69)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "TURBULENCE; ATMOSPHERIC WINDS; VERTICAL PROFILES; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; HUMIDITY; Syowa Station", "locations": "Syowa Station", "north": -68.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Doddi, Abhiram; Lawrence, Dale", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "RAPID: In-situ Observations to Characterize Multi-Scale Turbulent Atmospheric Processes Impacting Climate at Southern High Latitudes", "uid": "p0010420", "west": 36.0}, {"awards": "1644004 Trumble, Stephen; 1644256 Costa, Daniel; 1643575 Kanatous, Shane", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-66.534369 -52.962091,-65.3857434 -52.962091,-64.2371178 -52.962091,-63.0884922 -52.962091,-61.9398666 -52.962091,-60.791241 -52.962091,-59.6426154 -52.962091,-58.4939898 -52.962091,-57.3453642 -52.962091,-56.1967386 -52.962091,-55.048113 -52.962091,-55.048113 -54.530129,-55.048113 -56.098167000000004,-55.048113 -57.666205000000005,-55.048113 -59.234243,-55.048113 -60.802281,-55.048113 -62.370319,-55.048113 -63.938357,-55.048113 -65.506395,-55.048113 -67.074433,-55.048113 -68.642471,-56.1967386 -68.642471,-57.3453642 -68.642471,-58.4939898 -68.642471,-59.6426154 -68.642471,-60.791241 -68.642471,-61.9398666 -68.642471,-63.0884922 -68.642471,-64.2371178 -68.642471,-65.3857434 -68.642471,-66.534369 -68.642471,-66.534369 -67.074433,-66.534369 -65.506395,-66.534369 -63.938356999999996,-66.534369 -62.370319,-66.534369 -60.802281,-66.534369 -59.234243,-66.534369 -57.666205,-66.534369 -56.098167000000004,-66.534369 -54.530129,-66.534369 -52.962091))", "dataset_titles": "Data from: Whiskers provide time-series of toxic and essential trace elements, Se:Hg molar ratios, and stable isotope values of an apex Antarctic predator, the leopard seal; Leopard Seal Diving behavior data; Leopard Seal movement data", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601689", "doi": "10.15784/601689", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Body Mass; Diving Behavior; Leopard Seal; Movement Data; Seals", "people": "Costa, Daniel", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Leopard Seal movement data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601689"}, {"dataset_uid": "200361", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.ksn02v75b", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Dryad", "science_program": null, "title": "Data from: Whiskers provide time-series of toxic and essential trace elements, Se:Hg molar ratios, and stable isotope values of an apex Antarctic predator, the leopard seal", "url": "https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061%2Fdryad.ksn02v75b"}, {"dataset_uid": "601690", "doi": "10.15784/601690", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Body Mass; Diving Behavior; Leopard Seal; Seals", "people": "Costa, Daniel", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Leopard Seal Diving behavior data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601690"}], "date_created": "Fri, 12 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This research project is a multidisciplinary effort that brings together a diverse team of scientists from multiple institutions together to understand the foraging behavior and physiology of leopard seals and their role in the Southern Ocean food web. The project will examine the physiology and behavior of leopard seals to in an effort to determine their ability to respond to potential changes in their habitat and foraging areas. Using satellite tracking devices the team will examine the movement and diving behavior of leopard seals and couple this information with measurements of their physiological capacity. The project will determine whether leopard seals- who feed on diverse range of prey- are built differently than their deep diving relatives the Weddell and elephant seal who feed on fish and squid. The team will also determine whether leopard seals are operating at or near their physiological capability to determine how much, if any, ?reserve capacity? they might have to forage and live in changing environments. A better understanding of their home ranges, movement patterns, and general behavior will also be informative to help in managing human-leopard seal interactions. The highly visual nature of the data and analysis for this project lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to the changing Antarctic habitats. The project will use the research results to educate the public on the unique physiological and ecological adaptations to extreme environments seen in diving marine mammals, including adaptations to exercise under low oxygen conditions and energy utilization, which affect and dictate the lifestyle of these exceptional organisms. The results of the project will also contribute to the broader understanding that may enhance the aims of managing marine living resources.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe leopard seal is an apex predator in the Antarctic ecosystem. This project seeks to better understand the ability of the leopard seal to cope with a changing environment. The project will first examine the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of leopard seals using satellite telemetry. Specifically, satellite telemetry tags will be used to obtain dive profiles and movement data for individuals across multiple years. Diet and trophic level positions across multiple temporal scales will then be determined from physiological samples (e.g., blood, vibrissae, blubber fatty acids, stable isotopes, fecal matter). Oceanographic data will be integrated with these measures to develop habitat models that will be used to assess habitat type, habitat utilization, habitat preference, and home range areas for individual animals. Diet composition for individual seals will be evaluated to determine whether specific animals are generalists or specialists. Second, the team will investigate the physiological adaptations that allow leopard seals to be apex predators and determine to what extent leopard seals are working at or near their physiological limit. Diving behavior and physiology of leopard seals will be evaluated (for instance the aerobic dive limit for individual animals and skeletal muscle adaptations will be determined for diving under hypoxic conditions). Data from time-depth recorders will be used to determine foraging strategies for individual seals, and these diving characteristics will be related to physiological variables (e.g., blood volume, muscle oxygen stores) to better understand the link between foraging behavior and physiology. The team will compare myoglobin storage in swimming muscles associated with both forelimb and hind limb propulsion and the use of anaerobic versus aerobic metabolic systems while foraging.", "east": -55.048113, "geometry": "POINT(-60.791241 -60.802281)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctic Peninsula; Diving Behavior; MAMMALS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; Movement Patterns; Leopard Seal", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -52.962091, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Costa, Daniel; Trumble, Stephen J; Kanatous, Shane", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "Dryad; USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.642471, "title": "Collaborative Research: Foraging Ecology and Physiology of the Leopard Seal", "uid": "p0010419", "west": -66.534369}, {"awards": "2137378 Varsani, Arvind; 2137377 Bergstrom, Anna; 2137375 Schmidt, Steven; 2137376 Porazinska, Dorota", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Wed, 10 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Cryoconite holes are sediment-filled melt holes in the surface of glaciers that can be important sites of active microbial life in an otherwise mostly frozen and barren landscape. Previous studies in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica suggest that viral infections of microbes, and a general lack of fertilizers (i.e., nutrients), may be important factors shaping the development and functioning of microbial communities in cryoconite holes. The researchers propose an experimental approach to understand how nutrient limitation affects diversity (number of species) and overall abundance of microbes, and how the diversity and abundance of microbes in turn affects the diversity, abundance, and infection type of viruses that parasitize the microbes in cryoconite sediments. The researchers will use sediments previously collected from Antarctic glaciers that have varying concentrations of viruses and nutrients, to set up a nutrient-addition experiment to determine how nutrients affect microbial and viral population dynamics. The results will deepen our understanding of how microbial communities in general are shaped by nutrients and viruses and give new insights into the functioning of viruses in extremely cold environments. The researchers will publish their findings in scientific journals and will share their discoveries with K-12 students from rural schools in collaboration with the Pinhead Institute and will connect undergraduate students from under-represented minorities to polar research through participation in the universitys Science, Technology, Engineering \u0026 Mathematics Routes Uplift Research Program. Outreach will be achieved through videos produced and distributed by a professional science communicator. The research advances a National Science Foundation goal of expanding fundamental knowledge of Antarctic systems, biota, and processes by utilizing the unique characteristics of the Antarctic region as a science observing platform. \r\n\r\nThe Principal Investigators propose an experimental approach to understand how nutrient limitation affects microbial diversity and abundances and their cascading effects on virus diversity, abundance, and mode of infection (lysis vs. lysogeny) in Antarctic cryoconite holes. Cryoconite holes are ideal natural microcosms for manipulative studies, not available in other cryospheric ecosystems. The PIs will use previously collected cryoconite from across a gradient of both viral diversity and nutrient levels to address questions about key limiting nutrients and microbial-viral community dynamics in cryoconite sediments. Nutrient manipulation experiments will be conducted in a growth chamber that closely approximates the light and temperature regime of in situ cryoconite holes to test three core hypotheses: (1) phosphorus availability limits microbial productivity and abundance in cryoconite holes; (2) relaxing nutrient limitation in cryoconite from low-diversity glaciers will increase species diversity, leading microbial communities to resemble those found on more nutrient-rich glaciers; (3) relaxing nutrient limitation will increase the diversity and abundance of viruses by increasing the availability of suitable hosts, and decrease the prevalence of lysogenic infections. By manipulating nutrient limitation within a realistic range, this project will help verify hypothesized phosphorus limitation of Antarctic cryoconite holes and will extend understanding of the connections between nutrients, diversity, and viral infection dynamics in the cryosphere more generally. A better understanding of these dynamics in cryoconite sediments improves the ability of scientists to forecast future impacts of environmental changes in the cryosphere.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; Taylor Valley", "locations": "Taylor Valley", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Varsani, Arvind; Porazinska, Dorota; Schmidt, Steven; Bergstrom, Anna", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Collaborative Research: Role of Nutrient Limitation and Viral Interactions on Antarctic Microbial Community Assembly: A Cryoconite Microcosm Study", "uid": "p0010418", "west": null}, {"awards": "1543383 Postlethwait, John; 1947040 Postlethwait, John; 2232891 Postlethwait, John", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -37,-144 -37,-108 -37,-72 -37,-36 -37,0 -37,36 -37,72 -37,108 -37,144 -37,180 -37,180 -42.3,180 -47.6,180 -52.9,180 -58.2,180 -63.5,180 -68.8,180 -74.1,180 -79.4,180 -84.69999999999999,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -84.7,-180 -79.4,-180 -74.1,-180 -68.8,-180 -63.5,-180 -58.2,-180 -52.9,-180 -47.6,-180 -42.300000000000004,-180 -37))", "dataset_titles": "aBSREL tests for episodic diversifying selection on hemoglobin genes in notothenioids.; MEME tests of sites evolving under episodic diversifying selection in notothenioid hemoglobin genes.; Metadata associated with the description of Akarotaxis gouldae n. sp. (Bathydraconidae); Notothenioid hemoglobin protein 3D modeling.; Notothenioid species tree used in the study.; Phylogenetic trees of hemoglobin proteins in notothenioids.; Rates of hemoglobin evolution among genes and across notothenioid species.; RELAX tests for pervasive changes in strength of natural selection on hemoglobin genes in notothenioids.", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601729", "doi": "10.15784/601729", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cold Adaptation; Cryonotothenioid; Dragonfish; Eleginopsioidea; Fish; Genetic Analysis; Hemoglobin; Icefish; Notothenioid; Notothenioid Fishes; Plunderfish; Sub-Antarctic", "people": "Postlethwait, John; Desvignes, Thomas", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Rates of hemoglobin evolution among genes and across notothenioid species.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601729"}, {"dataset_uid": "601728", "doi": "10.15784/601728", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cold Adaptation; Cryonotothenioid; Dragonfish; Eleginopsioidea; Fish; Gene; Genetic Analysis; Hemoglobin; Icefish; Notothenioid; Notothenioid Fishes; Plunderfish; Sub-Antarctic", "people": "Desvignes, Thomas; Postlethwait, John", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "aBSREL tests for episodic diversifying selection on hemoglobin genes in notothenioids.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601728"}, {"dataset_uid": "601722", "doi": "10.15784/601722", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cold Adaptation; Cryonotothenioid; Dragonfish; Eleginopsioidea; Fish; Gene; Hemoglobin; Icefish; Notothenioid; Plunderfish; Sub-Antarctic", "people": "Desvignes, Thomas; Postlethwait, John", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Phylogenetic trees of hemoglobin proteins in notothenioids.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601722"}, {"dataset_uid": "601732", "doi": "10.15784/601732", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cold Adaptation; Cryonotothenioid; Dragonfish; Eleginopsioidea; Fish; Genetic Analysis; Hemoglobin; Icefish; Notothenioid; Notothenioid Fishes; Plunderfish; Sub-Antarctic", "people": "Desvignes, Thomas; Postlethwait, John", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Notothenioid hemoglobin protein 3D modeling.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601732"}, {"dataset_uid": "601721", "doi": "10.15784/601721", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cold Adaptation; Cryonotothenioid; Dragonfish; Eleginopsioidea; Fish; Gene; Hemoglobin; Icefish; Notothenioid; Plunderfish; Sub-Antarctic", "people": "Desvignes, Thomas; Postlethwait, John", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Notothenioid species tree used in the study.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601721"}, {"dataset_uid": "601731", "doi": "10.15784/601731", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cold Adaptation; Cryonotothenioid; Dragonfish; Eleginopsioidea; Fish; Genetic Analysis; Hemoglobin; Icefish; Notothenioid; Notothenioid Fishes; Plunderfish; Sub-Antarctic", "people": "Postlethwait, John; Desvignes, Thomas", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "RELAX tests for pervasive changes in strength of natural selection on hemoglobin genes in notothenioids.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601731"}, {"dataset_uid": "601730", "doi": "10.15784/601730", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cold Adaptation; Cryonotothenioid; Dragonfish; Eleginopsioidea; Fish; Genetic Analysis; Hemoglobin; Icefish; Notothenioid; Notothenioid Fishes; Plunderfish; Sub-Antarctic", "people": "Desvignes, Thomas; Postlethwait, John", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "MEME tests of sites evolving under episodic diversifying selection in notothenioid hemoglobin genes.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601730"}, {"dataset_uid": "601811", "doi": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Bellingshausen Sea; Cryosphere; Southern Ocean", "people": "McDowell, Jan; Cheng, Chi-Hing; Biesack, Ellen; Steinberg, Deborah; Hilton, Eric; Corso, Andrew; Desvignes, Thomas", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "LTER", "title": "Metadata associated with the description of Akarotaxis gouldae n. sp. (Bathydraconidae)", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601811"}], "date_created": "Wed, 03 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic notothenioid fishes, also known as cryonotothenioids, inhabit the icy and highly oxygenated waters surrounding the Antarctic continent after diverging from notothenioids inhabiting more temperate waters. Notothenioid hemoglobin and blood parameters are known to have evolved along with the establishment of stable polar conditions, and among Antarctic notothenioids, icefishes are evolutionary oddities living without hemoglobin following the deletion of all functional hemoglobin genes from their genomes. In this project, we investigate the evolution of hemoglobin genes and gene clusters across the notothenioid radiation until their loss in the icefish ancestor after its divergence from the dragonfish lineage to understand the forces, mechanisms, and potential causes for hemoglobin gene loss in the icefish ancestor.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FISH; Icefish; Cryonotothenioid; Gene; Plunderfish; Eleginopsioidea; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; Dragonfish; Sub-Antarctic; Notothenioid; Blood; Hemoglobin", "locations": "Sub-Antarctic", "north": -37.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Desvignes, Thomas; Postlethwait, John", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Evolution of hemoglobin genes in notothenioid fishes", "uid": "p0010417", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1745078 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Atmospheric methane across the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation from the GISP2, NEEM and WAIS Divide ice cores ; Atmospheric methane interpolar difference and four-box troposphere model output across the Last Glacial Maximum and Deglaciation; Carbon-13 and Deuterium isotopic composition of atmospheric methane across Heinrich Stadial 4, and Dansgaard Oesgher Event 8, WAIS Divide Replicate Ice Core, Antarctica; Carbon-13 isotopic composition of atmospheric methane across Heinrich Stadials 1 and 5, and Dansgaard Oesgher Event 12, WAIS Divide Ice Core, Antarctica", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601813", "doi": "10.15784/601813", "keywords": "Abrupt Climate Change; Antarctica; Atmospheric Gases; Biogeochemical Cycles; Carbon Cycle; Cryosphere; Greenhouse Gas; Methane; West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide", "people": "Clark, Reid; Riddell-Young, Benjamin; Lee, James; Schmitt, Jochen; Fischer, Hubertus; Bauska, Thomas; Menking, Andy; Iseli, Rene; Brook, Edward J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "Carbon-13 and Deuterium isotopic composition of atmospheric methane across Heinrich Stadial 4, and Dansgaard Oesgher Event 8, WAIS Divide Replicate Ice Core, Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601813"}, {"dataset_uid": "601737", "doi": "10.15784/601737", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Greenland; Ice Core Records; Methane; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "people": "Lee, James; Rosen, Julia; Martin, Kaden; Edwards, Jon S.; Riddell-Young, Benjamin; Brook, Edward J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Atmospheric methane across the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation from the GISP2, NEEM and WAIS Divide ice cores ", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601737"}, {"dataset_uid": "601736", "doi": "10.15784/601736", "keywords": "Antarctica; Greenland; Methane; Paleoclimate; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "people": "Blunier, Thomas; Fischer, Hubertus; Riddell-Young, Benjamin; Rosen, Julia; Buizert, Christo; Martin, Kaden; Lee, James; Edwards, Jon S.; M\u00fchl, Michaela; Schmitt, Jochen; Brook, Edward J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Atmospheric methane interpolar difference and four-box troposphere model output across the Last Glacial Maximum and Deglaciation", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601736"}, {"dataset_uid": "601683", "doi": "10.15784/601683", "keywords": "Antarctica; Methane; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "people": "Riddell-Young, Benjamin", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "Carbon-13 isotopic composition of atmospheric methane across Heinrich Stadials 1 and 5, and Dansgaard Oesgher Event 12, WAIS Divide Ice Core, Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601683"}], "date_created": "Mon, 01 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project will develop methods to measure the ratios of carbon-13 to carbon-12, and heavy to light hydrogen in methane in air trapped in ice cores. The ratios of the different forms of carbon and hydrogen are \"fingerprints\" of different sources of this gas in the past--for example wetlands in the tropics versus methane frozen in the sea floor. Once the analysis method is developed, the measurements will be used to examine why methane changed abruptly in the past, both during the last ice age, and during previous warm periods. The data will be used to understand how methane sources like wildfires, methane hydrates, and wetlands respond to climate change. This information is needed to understand future risks of large changes in methane in the atmosphere as Earth warms. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe project involves two tasks. First, the investigators will build and test a gas extraction system for methane isotopic measurements using continuous flow methods, with the goal of equaling or bettering the precision attained by the few other laboratories that make these measurements. The system will be interfaced with existing mass spectrometers at Oregon State University. The system consists of a vacuum chamber and sequence of traps, purification columns, and furnaces that separate methane from other gases and convert it to carbon dioxide or hydrogen for mass spectrometry. Second, the team will measure the isotopic composition of methane across large changes in concentration associated with two past interglacial periods and during abrupt methane changes of the last ice age. These measurements will be used to understand if the main reason for these concentration changes is climate-driven changes in emissions from wetlands, or whether other sources are involved, for example methane hydrates or wildfires.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctic Ice Sheet; TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES; METHANE", "locations": "Antarctic Ice Sheet", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Brook, Edward", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores", "uid": "p0010416", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2133684 Fierer, Noah", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 07 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Not all of Antarctica is covered in ice. In fact, soils are common to many parts of Antarctica, and these soils are often unlike any others found on Earth. Antarctic soils harbor unique microorganisms able to cope with the extremely cold and dry conditions common to much of the continent. For decades, microbiologists have been drawn to the unique soils in Antarctica, yet critical knowledge gaps remain. Most notably, it is unclear what properties allow certain microbes to thrive in Antarctic soils. By using a range of methods, this project is developing comprehensive model that discovers the unique genomic features of soils diversity, distributions, and adaptations that allow Antarctic soil microbes to thrive in extreme environments. The proposed work will be relevant to researchers in many fields, including engineers seeking to develop new biotechnologies, ecologists studying the contributions of these microbial communities to the functioning of Antarctic ecosystems, microbiologists studying novel microbial adaptations to extreme environmental conditions, and even astrobiologists studying the potential for life on Mars. More generally, the proposed research presents an opportunity to advance our current understanding of the microbial life found in one of the more distinctive microbial habitats on Earth, a habitat that is inaccessible to many scientists and a habitat that is increasingly under threat from climate change.\r\n\r\nThe research project explores the microbial diversity in Antarctic soils and links specific features to different soil types and environmental conditions. The overarching questions include: What microbial taxa are found in a variety of Antarctic environments? What are the environmental preferences of specific taxa or lineages? What are the genomic and phenotypic traits of microorganisms that allow them to persist in extreme environments and determine biogeographical differneces? This project will analyze archived soils collected from across Antarctica by a network of international collaborators, with samples selected to span broad gradients in soil and site conditions. The project uses cultivation-independent, high-throughput genomic analysis methods and cultivation-dependent approaches to analyze bacterial and fungal communities in soil samples. The results will be used to predict the distributions of specific taxa and lineages, obtain genomic information for the more ubiquitous and abundant taxa, and quantify growth responses in vitro across gradients in temperature, moisture, and salinity. This integration of ecological, environmental, genomic, and trait-based information will provide a comprehensive understanding of microbial life in Antarctic soils. This project will also help facilitate new collaborations between scientists across the globe while providing undergraduate students with \u0027\u0027hands-on\u0027\u0027 research experiences that introduce the next generation of scientists to the field of Antarctic biology.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FUNGI; BACTERIA/ARCHAEA; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Fierer, Noah; Quandt, Alisha A; Lemonte, Joshua", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: ANT LIA Integrating Genomic and Phenotypic Analyses to understand Microbial Life in Antarctic Soils", "uid": "p0010414", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2306186 Schroeder, Dustin", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Wed, 05 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project will develop a new ice-penetrating radar system that can simultaneously map glacier geometry and glacier flow along repeat profiles. Forecasting an ice-sheet\u2019s contribution to sea level requires an estimate for the initial ice-sheet geometry and the parameters that govern ice flow and slip across bedrock. Existing ice-sheet models cannot independently determine this information from conventional observations of ice-surface velocities and glacier geometry. This introduces substantial uncertainty into simulations of past and future ice-sheet behavior. Thus, this new radar capability is conceived to provide the needed data to support higher-fidelity simulations of past and future ice-sheet behavior and more accurate projections of future sea level.\r\n\r\nThe new radar system will integrate two existing radars (the multi-channel coherent radio-echo depth sounder and the accumulation radar) developed by the Center for the Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, as well as adding new capabilities. An eight-element very high frequency (VHF; 140-215 MHz) array will have sufficient cross-track aperture to swath map internal layers and the ice-sheet base in three dimensions. A single ultra high frequency (UHF; 600-900 MHz) antenna will have the range and phase resolution to map internal layer displacement with 0.25-mm precision. The VHF array will create 3D mappings of layer geometry that enable measurements of vertical velocities by accounting for spatial offsets between repeat profiles and changing surface conditions. The vertical displacement measurement will then be made by determining the difference in radar phase response recorded by the UHF antenna for radar profiles collected at the same locations at different times. The UHF antenna will be dual-polarized and thus capable of isolating both components of complex internal reflections. This should enable inferences of ice crystal orientation fabric and widespread mapping of ice viscosity. Initial field testing of the radar will occur on the McMurdo Ice Shelf and then progress to Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica. The dual-band radar system technology and processing algorithms will be developed with versatile extensible hardware and user-friendly software so that this system will serve as a prototype for a future community radar system.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ICE SHEETS; Greenland", "locations": "Greenland", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Facilities; Polar Cyberinfrastructure", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Schroeder, Dustin", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "EAGER: Community-Driven Ice Penetrating Radar Systems for Observing Complex Ice-Sheet Thermal Structure and Flow", "uid": "p0010413", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2240780 Cohen, Natalie", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 13 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Mixotrophic microorganisms that are capable of both photosynthetic and heterotrophic forms of metabolism are key contributors to primary productivity and organic carbon remineralization in the Southern Ocean. However, uncertainties in their grazing behavior and physiology prevent an accurate understanding of microbial food web dynamics and biogeochemical cycling in the Antarctic ecosystem. Polar mixotrophs have evolved to withstand extreme seasonality, including variable light, sea ice, temperature, and micronutrient concentrations. In particular, the Southern Ocean appears to be the only region of the world\u2019s ocean where the bioessential trace metals iron (Fe) and manganese (Mn) are low enough to inhibit photosynthetic growth. The molecular physiology of mixotrophs experiencing Fe and Mn growth limitation has not yet been examined, and we lack an understanding of how seasonal changes in the availability of these micronutrients influence mixotrophic growth dynamics. We aim to examine whether grazing affords mixotrophs an ecological advantage in the Fe and Mn-deficient Southern Ocean, and to characterize the shifts in metabolic processes that occur during transitions in micronutrient conditions. Culture studies will directly measure growth responses, grazing behavior, and changes in elemental stoichiometry in response to Fe and Mn limitation. Transcriptomic analyses will reveal the metabolic underpinnings of trophic behavior and micronutrient stress responses, with implications for key biogeochemical processes such as carbon fixation, remineralization, and nutrient cycling. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "PLANKTON; Georgia; PHYTOPLANKTON", "locations": "Georgia", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Cohen, Natalie; Millette, Nicole", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "ANT LIA: Collaborative Research: Mixotrophic Grazing as a Strategy to meet Nutritional Requirements in the Iron and Manganese Deficient Southern Ocean", "uid": "p0010411", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2149070 Hawco, Nicholas", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 13 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This proposal represents collaborative research to explore manganese (Mn) limitation in Antarctic diatoms by two early career investigators. Diatoms are central players in the Southern Ocean carbon cycle, where the micronutrient chemistry is fundamentally different from other oceans. The Southern Ocean is characterized by widespread low Mn, coupled with high zinc (Zn). High Zn levels are potentially toxic to diatoms as Zn can competitively inhibit Mn uptake and metabolism, compromising the ability of building critical cellular components, thus impacting the biological pump. Using culture experiments with a matrix of micronutrient treatments (Mn, Zn, Fe) and irradiances, and using physiological and transcriptomic approaches, along with biochemical principles, the Principal Investigators will address the central hypothesis (that diatoms from the Southern Ocean possess unique physiological mechanisms to adapt to low Mn/high Zn) by quantifying rates of uptake and transporter binding constants. The transcriptomics approach will help to identify candidate genes that may provide Antarctic diatoms physiological mechanisms in low Mn/high Zn environment. The project does not require fieldwork but instead would make use of culture experiments with 4 diatom species (3 Antarctic, and 1 temperate). The proposed approach will also enable the goal of developing biomarker(s) for assessing Mn stress or Zn toxicity and results from the physiological experiments will help parameterize models of micronutrient limitation in the Southern Ocean.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Southern Ocean; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; TRACE ELEMENTS; DIATOMS; Iron; Phytoplankton", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Hawco, Nicholas; Cohen, Natalie", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "ANT LIA: Collaborative Research: Adaptations of Southern Ocean Diatoms to Manganese Scarcity: Can Physiological Ingenuity Overcome Unfavorable Chemistry?", "uid": "p0010412", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1542902 Chereskin, Teresa; 2001646 Chereskin, Teresa", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-68 -54,-66.7 -54,-65.4 -54,-64.1 -54,-62.8 -54,-61.5 -54,-60.2 -54,-58.9 -54,-57.6 -54,-56.3 -54,-55 -54,-55 -55,-55 -56,-55 -57,-55 -58,-55 -59,-55 -60,-55 -61,-55 -62,-55 -63,-55 -64,-56.3 -64,-57.6 -64,-58.9 -64,-60.2 -64,-61.5 -64,-62.8 -64,-64.1 -64,-65.4 -64,-66.7 -64,-68 -64,-68 -63,-68 -62,-68 -61,-68 -60,-68 -59,-68 -58,-68 -57,-68 -56,-68 -55,-68 -54))", "dataset_titles": "Joint Archive for shipboard ADCP data; World Ocean Database", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200354", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCEI", "science_program": null, "title": "Joint Archive for shipboard ADCP data", "url": "https://uhslc.soest.hawaii.edu/sadcp/"}, {"dataset_uid": "200355", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCEI", "science_program": null, "title": "World Ocean Database", "url": "https://www.nodc.noaa.gov/OC5/SELECT/dbsearch/dbsearch.html"}], "date_created": "Fri, 03 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) is the largest current on the planet, flowing west to east around Antarctica, forming a barrier that separates warmer waters to the north from colder waters to the south. Ocean eddies (like atmospheric storms) break through the ACC barrier, transferring heat across the ACC towards Antarctica. When warmer ocean waters intrude onto the Antarctic continental shelves, they contribute to glacial melt and ice shelf retreat. Over the past several decades, the Southern Ocean has warmed and winds have increased due to climate change. Somewhat surprisingly the ACC, though pushed by faster winds, has not accelerated; a faster current would present a stronger barrier to heat transfer. Instead, ocean eddies have increased. These eddies are concentrated at 6-7 \"hot spots\". Drake Passage is one of these hot spots. As the narrowest land gap on the entire circumpolar path of the ACC, Drake Passsage is an ideal monitoring spot. However, it is also one of the windiest and roughest stretches of water on the globe. The only ship that crosses Drake Passage year-round is the USAP supply vessel for Palmer Station, making it a unique platform to monitor the currents and temperature with a minimum of personnel and resources. The Drake Passage time series of upper ocean currents and temperature is now in its 24th year. The upper ocean temperature measurements have found significant warming in Drake Passage. The upper ocean current measurements have confirmed that the ACC has remained steady on average but have also revealed a complicated filamented current structure. Combining temperature and current measurements has provided a better understanding of heat transfer across the ACC by eddies. The time series has also provided valuable ground-truth for satellite measurements and for numerical model predictions looking at the entire ACC. Our studies are focused on examining low-frequency variability - seasonal, interannual, and decadal - in order to provide baselines from which to evaluate and interpret physical and biogeochemical changes occurring in the Southern Ocean. \r\n", "east": -55.0, "geometry": "POINT(-61.5 -59)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e PROFILERS/SOUNDERS \u003e XBT; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e PROFILERS/SOUNDERS \u003e ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS \u003e ADCP", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "R/V LMG; Drake Passage; WATER TEMPERATURE; Antarctic Circumpolar Current; Heat Flux", "locations": "Drake Passage", "north": -54.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Chereskin, Teresa; Sprintall, Janet", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e R/V LMG", "repo": "NCEI", "repositories": "NCEI", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.0, "title": "High Resolution Underway Air-Sea Observations in Drake Passage for Climate Science", "uid": "p0010409", "west": -68.0}, {"awards": "1543445 Zhang, Jing", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "3-km Surface Mass and Energy Budget for the Larsen C Ice Shelf; Antarctic passive microwave Kmeans derived surface melt days, 1979-2020", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601685", "doi": "10.15784/601685", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Larsen C Ice Shelf; Model Data; Surface Energy Budget; Surface Mass Balance; WRF Model", "people": "Luo, Liping; Zhang, Jing", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "3-km Surface Mass and Energy Budget for the Larsen C Ice Shelf", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601685"}, {"dataset_uid": "601457", "doi": "10.15784/601457", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Melt Days; Passive Microwave; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Surface Melt", "people": "Johnson, Andrew; Hock, Regine; Fahnestock, Mark", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Antarctic passive microwave Kmeans derived surface melt days, 1979-2020", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601457"}], "date_created": "Fri, 24 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Over the last half century the Antarctic Peninsula has been among the most rapidly warming regions in the world. This has led to increased glacier melt, widespread glacier retreat, ice-shelf collapses, and glacier speed-ups. Many of these changes are driven by changing precipitation and increased melt due to warmer air temperatures. This project will use a combination of two models - a regional atmospheric model and a model of processes at the glacier surface - to simulate future changes in temperature and snowfall, and the resulting changes in glacier mass. The combination of models will be tested against the observational record (since 1979 when satellite observations became available), to verify that it can reproduce observed change, and then run to the year 2100. Results will provide better estimates of the impacts of future climate changes over the Antarctic Pensinsula and the expected glacier mass changes driven by the evolving climate. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe project will use the large changes observed on the Peninsula to validate a model framework suitable for understanding the impact of these changes on the glaciers and ice shelves there, with the goal of developing optimally constrained future climate and surface mass change scenarios for the region. The framework will provide both a coherent picture of the impacts of past changes on the region\u0027s ice cover, and also the best available constraints on forcings that will determine ice mass loss from this region going forward under a standard scenario. The Weather Forecasting and Research (WRF) Model will be used over the domain of the Antarctic Peninsula and neighboring islands to quantify trends in spatio-temporal patterns of mass change with a focus on surface melt. The WRF model will be enhanced to account for the specific conditions of glacier surfaces, and the modified model will be used to simulate climate conditions and resulting surface mass budgets and melt over the period 1979-2100. Tying modeled past climate changes to the surface and satellite-based observational record will provide a foundation for interpreting projected future change. Results will be validated using available weather station observations, surface mass-balance data, and satellite-derived records of melt. The activity will foster partnerships through collaboration with colleagues in Spain, Germany and The Netherlands and will support an early-career postdoctoral researcher and two graduate students, introduce undergraduate and high-school students to original research and provide training of students through inclusion of data and results in course curriculums.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; MODELS; Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Zhang, Jing; Hock, Regine; Fahnestock, Mark", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Present and Projected Future Forcings on Antarctic Peninsula Glaciers and Ice Shelves using the Weather Forecasting and Research (WRF) Model", "uid": "p0010408", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2224680 Prothro, Lindsay; 2224681 Venturelli, Ryan; 2224679 Miller, Lauren", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 24 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Sediments that collect on the seafloor provide a wealth of information about past and present environmental change. Around Antarctica, these seafloor sediments are influenced by an ice sheet that grinds and transports sediments from the continent\u2019s interior into the surrounding ocean. Since the Last Glacial Maximum (about 20,000 years ago) when the ice sheet extended hundreds to thousands of kilometers seaward, ice has retreated inland to the configuration we observe today and left behind signatures of its growth and decline, as well as indicators of ocean change, in the seafloor sediments. Ongoing glacial and ocean processes are reflected in the characteristics of contemporary sediments, whereas older sediments beneath the seafloor offer a longer temporal perspective of changes to the ice sheet and surrounding ocean. Using data generated from archived sediment cores that are predominantly housed in the Antarctic Core Collection at Oregon State University, we aim to confirm if recent sediments clearly reflect the specific instrumental and historical field-based observations of ocean and glacial change seen in different regions of Antarctica. These modern changes will be placed into context with those recorded by sediments deposited on the seafloor hundreds to thousands of years ago.\r\n\r\nThis project will explore interlinked physical, biological, and geochemical properties of seafloor sediments to address the influence of glacial and oceanographic processes on ice-proximal marine sedimentation during the 20th and 21st centuries and since the Last Glacial Maximum, with a focus on sediment fluxes, meltwater drainage, ice-rafted debris deposition, and radiocarbon chronologies. We will integrate multi-proxy analyses to interrogate the seafloor sediment record around Antarctica, targeting regions offshore of relatively fast-flowing and fast-changing glacial systems today and regions offshore of slower flowing, more stable (i.e., unchanging or relatively minimally changing) parts of the ice sheet. This work will leverage the application of new techniques and knowledge to legacy sediment cores that NSF has invested greatly in collecting and archiving. This project is led by three early-career women project investigators who seek to foster collaborative and open research practices and professional growth of the project team which will include three graduate students, numerous undergraduate students, and a postdoctoral research associate. The project team will co-produce educational materials with Math4Science, an organization that connects STEM professionals with public secondary education students and their math and science teachers through curricula; and develop and implement best practices in working with marine sediment core data through a collaboration with the Oregon State University Marine and Geology Repository and the United States Antarctic Program - Data Center.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "MARINE SEDIMENTS; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; Antarctica; Geochemistry; Stratigraphy; Glacial Processes; SEDIMENTS; Last Glacial Maximum", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Prothro, Lindsay; Venturelli, Ryan A; Miller, Lauren", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Circum-Antarctic Processes from Archived Marine Sediment Cores (ANTS)", "uid": "p0010406", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1543511 Stephens, Britton; 1543457 Munro, David", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-73 -53,-71.2 -53,-69.4 -53,-67.6 -53,-65.8 -53,-64 -53,-62.2 -53,-60.4 -53,-58.6 -53,-56.8 -53,-55 -53,-55 -54.4,-55 -55.8,-55 -57.2,-55 -58.6,-55 -60,-55 -61.4,-55 -62.8,-55 -64.2,-55 -65.6,-55 -67,-56.8 -67,-58.6 -67,-60.4 -67,-62.2 -67,-64 -67,-65.8 -67,-67.6 -67,-69.4 -67,-71.2 -67,-73 -67,-73 -65.6,-73 -64.2,-73 -62.8,-73 -61.4,-73 -60,-73 -58.6,-73 -57.2,-73 -55.8,-73 -54.4,-73 -53))", "dataset_titles": "Surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) during the Antarctic Research and Supply Vessel (ARSV) Laurence M. Gould expeditions in the Southern Ocean, Drake Passage and South Atlantic Ocean in 2018, processed by NOAA (NCEI Accession 0184338); Surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) during the Antarctic Research and Supply Vessel (ARSV) Laurence M. Gould expeditions in the the Southern Ocean, Drake Passage, South Atlantic Ocean in 2022 (NCEI Accession 0276577); Surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) during the Antarctic Research and Supply Vessel (ARSV) Laurence M. Gould expeditions in the the Southern Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean in 2021 (NCEI Accession 0246983); Surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) during the Antarctic Research and Supply Vessel (ARSV) Laurence M. Gould expeditions in the the Southern Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, Drake Passage and South Atlantic Ocean from 2019-02-16 to 2020-02-11 (NCEI Accession 0208838); Surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) during the Antarctic Research and Supply Vessel (ARSV) Laurence M. Gould expeditions in the the Southern Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, Drake Passage and South Atlantic Ocean in 2020 (NCEI Accession 0225445); Underway measurements of pCO2 in the Surface Waters and the Atmosphere During the ARSV Laurence M. Gould 2017 Expeditions processed by NOAA (NCEI Accession 0170337)", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200352", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.25921/f94g-zp40", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCEI", "science_program": null, "title": "Surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) during the Antarctic Research and Supply Vessel (ARSV) Laurence M. Gould expeditions in the the Southern Ocean, South Atlantic Ocean in 2021 (NCEI Accession 0246983)", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/LM_gould.html"}, {"dataset_uid": "200351", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.25921/z0pk-pv81", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCEI", "science_program": null, "title": "Surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) during the Antarctic Research and Supply Vessel (ARSV) Laurence M. Gould expeditions in the the Southern Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, Drake Passage and South Atlantic Ocean in 2020 (NCEI Accession 0225445)", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/LM_gould.html"}, {"dataset_uid": "200353", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.25921/fq0a-7y11", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCEI", "science_program": null, "title": "Surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) during the Antarctic Research and Supply Vessel (ARSV) Laurence M. Gould expeditions in the the Southern Ocean, Drake Passage, South Atlantic Ocean in 2022 (NCEI Accession 0276577)", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/LM_gould.html"}, {"dataset_uid": "200350", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.25921/3ysc-pm11", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCEI", "science_program": null, "title": "Surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) during the Antarctic Research and Supply Vessel (ARSV) Laurence M. Gould expeditions in the the Southern Ocean, South Pacific Ocean, Drake Passage and South Atlantic Ocean from 2019-02-16 to 2020-02-11 (NCEI Accession 0208838)", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/LM_gould.html"}, {"dataset_uid": "200349", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.25921/b4jn-ef56", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCEI", "science_program": null, "title": "Surface underway measurements of partial pressure of carbon dioxide (pCO2) during the Antarctic Research and Supply Vessel (ARSV) Laurence M. Gould expeditions in the Southern Ocean, Drake Passage and South Atlantic Ocean in 2018, processed by NOAA (NCEI Accession 0184338)", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/LM_gould.html"}, {"dataset_uid": "200348", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.7289/v5tq5zt1", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCEI", "science_program": null, "title": "Underway measurements of pCO2 in the Surface Waters and the Atmosphere During the ARSV Laurence M. Gould 2017 Expeditions processed by NOAA (NCEI Accession 0170337)", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/ocean-carbon-acidification-data-system/oceans/VOS_Program/LM_gould.html"}], "date_created": "Wed, 22 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Southern Ocean plays a key role in modulating the global carbon cycle, but the size and even the sign of the flux of carbon dioxide between the ocean and atmosphere in this region is still uncertain. This is in part due to the lack of measurements in this remote region of the world ocean. This project continues a multi-year time series of shipboard chemical measurements in the Drake Passage to detect changes in the ocean carbon cycle and to improve the understanding of mechanisms driving natural variability and long-term change in the Southern Ocean. More specifically, this project is a continuation of the collection of underway upper ocean measurements of the surface partial pressure of carbon dioxide during crossings of the Drake Passage by the Antarctic Research and Supply Vessel Laurence M. Gould. This project also includes collection and analysis of discrete samples relevant to ocean carbon cycle studies including macronutrient concentrations, total carbon dioxide concentrations, and the carbon isotopic composition of total carbon dioxide. The Drake Passage data are made readily available to the international science community and serve as both validation and constraints of remotely sensed observations and numerical coupled earth systems models.", "east": -55.0, "geometry": "POINT(-64 -60)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Drake Passage; NUTRIENTS; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; DISSOLVED GASES; TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES", "locations": "Drake Passage", "north": -53.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Munro, David; Sweeney, Colm; Lovenduski, Nicole S; Stephens, Britton", "platforms": null, "repo": "NCEI", "repositories": "NCEI", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Biogeochemical Fluxes and Linkages To Climate Change With Multi-Scale Observations In The Drake Passage", "uid": "p0010407", "west": -73.0}, {"awards": "2233016 Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Edward", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 17 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "In the austral winter of 2021/2022 a drastic decline in Antarctic sea ice extent (SIE) has taken place, and February 2022 marked the lowest SIE on record since consistent satellite sea ice observations began in 1979. Combined with the loss of SIE, the most extreme heat wave ever observed globally (as estimated by temperature anomalies from climatology) took place over East Antarctica in March 2022 as temperatures climbed over +40\u00b0C from climatology, an event that climate models struggle to replicate. Extreme events have an oversized footprint in socioeconomic impacts, but also serve as litmus tests for climate models and their predictive capabilities, and thus our understanding of extreme events and the ability of climate models in simulating such events is of key interest both in a scientific and social context. This project will use novel tools to diagnose the factors that led to the record low Antarctic SIE and heat wave focusing on the impact of winds and ocean temperatures. Currently (June 2022) Antarctic SIE remains at record low levels for the time of year, raising the prospect of a long-lasting period of low SIE, yet annual forecasts of Antarctic sea ice do not yet exist. To address this issue, this project will also create exploratory annual sea ice forecasts for the 2022-2024 period. \r\n\r\nThese extreme events have questioned our current understanding of Antarctic climate variability. Motivated by the timing of these events and our recent development of novel analysis tools, this project will address the following research questions:\r\n(R1) Can local winds account for the observed 2021/2022 sea ice loss, or are remote sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies a necessary ingredient?\r\n(R2) Are sea ice conditions over 2022-2024 likely to remain anomalously low?\r\n(R3) Can a state-of-the-art climate model simulate a heat wave of comparable magnitude to that observed if it follows the observed circulation that led to the heat wave?\r\nThe main approach will be to use a nudging technique with a climate model, in which one or several variables in a climate model are nudged toward observed values. The project authors used this tool to attribute Antarctic sea ice variability and trends over 1979-2018 to winds and SST anomalies. This project will apply this tool to the period 2019-2022 to address R1 and R3 by running two different model experiments over this time period in which the winds over Antarctica and SSTs in the Southern Ocean are nudged toward observed values. In addition, we will diagnose the relevant modes of atmospheric variability over 2019-2022 that are known to influence Antarctic sea ice to gain further insight into the 2022 loss of SIE. To address R2, we plan to extend the model simulations but without nudging, using the model as a forecast model (as its 2022 initial conditions will be taken from the end of the nudged simulations and capture important aspects of the observed state). We expect that if current upper ocean heat content is anomalously high, low SIE conditions may continue over 2022-2024, as happened over 2017-2019 following the previous record low of SIE in 2016/2017. To further address R3, we will compare observations and model simulations using novel atmospheric heat transport calculations developed by the project team. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; SURFACE TEMPERATURE", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Blanchard-Wrigglesworth, Edward", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "RAPID: What Caused the Record Warmth and Loss of Antarctic Sea ice in the Austral Summer of 2022, and will Sea Ice Remain Low Over 2022-2024?", "uid": "p0010405", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1542723 Alexander, Becky", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(-112.05 -79.28)", "dataset_titles": "WAIS Divide ice core nitrate isotopes", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601456", "doi": "10.15784/601456", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Chemistry; Ice Core Records; Nitrate; Nitrate Isotopes; WAIS Divide Ice Core; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "people": "Alexander, Becky", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "WAIS Divide ice core nitrate isotopes", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601456"}], "date_created": "Mon, 13 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Earth\u0027s atmosphere is a highly oxidizing medium. The abundance of oxidants such as ozone in the atmosphere strongly influences the concentrations of pollutants and greenhouse gases, with implications for human health and welfare. Because oxidants are not preserved in geological archives, knowledge of how oxidants have varied in the past under changing climate conditions is extremely limited. This award will measure a proxy for oxidant concentrations in a West Antarctic ice core over several major climate transitions over the past 50,000 years. These measurements will complement similar measurements from a Greenland ice core, which showed significant changes in atmospheric oxidants over major climate transitions covering this same time period. The addition of measurements from Antarctica will allow researchers to examine if the oxidant changes suggested by the Greenland ice core record are regional or global in scale. Knowledge of how oxidants vary naturally with climate will better inform predictions of the composition of the future atmosphere under a warming climate.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award will support measurements of the isotopic composition of nitrate in a West Antarctic ice core as a proxy for oxidant concentrations in the past atmosphere. The nitrogen isotopes of nitrate provide information on the degree of preservation of nitrate in the ice core record, and thus aid in the interpretation of the observed variability in the observed nitrate concentrations and oxygen isotopes in ice core records. By providing information about the spatial scale of oxidant changes over abrupt climate change events during the last glacial period, this project may also improve our understanding of mechanisms driving these abrupt events. Insight from this project will prove valuable for forecasting the response of stratospheric circulation to climate change, which has large implications for climate feedbacks and tropospheric composition. In addition, the information gleaned from this project on the mechanisms and feedbacks during abrupt climate change events will help determine the likelihood of such rapid events occurring in the future, which would have dramatic impacts on humankind. This award will provide training for one graduate and one undergraduate student, and will support the development of a hands-on activity related to rapid climate change to be used at the annual Polar Science Weekend at the Pacific Science Center in Seattle, WA.", "east": -112.05, "geometry": "POINT(-112.05 -79.28)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Nitrate Isotopes; ICE CORE RECORDS; WAIS Divide; LABORATORY", "locations": "WAIS Divide", "north": -79.28, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Alexander, Becky", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.28, "title": "Measuring an Ice-core Proxy for Relative Oxidant Abundances over Glacial-interglacial and Rapid Climate changes in a West Antarctic Ice Core", "uid": "p0010403", "west": -112.05}, {"awards": "1841858 Twickler, Mark; 1841844 Steig, Eric; 1841879 Aydin, Murat", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(-105 -86)", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 06 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The goal of this project is to drill and recover an ice core from Hercules Dome, Antarctica. The geographic setting of Hercules Dome makes it well-situated to investigate changes in the size of the West Antarctic ice sheet over long time periods. The base of the West Antarctic ice sheet lies below sea level, which makes this part of Antarctica vulnerable to melting from the relatively warm deep water of the Southern Ocean. An important research question is whether the West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapsed during Earth\u0027s last prolonged warm period, about 125,000 years ago, when the ocean was warmer and sea level was several meters higher than today. Evidence for or against such a collapse will be recorded in the chemistry and physical properties of the ice. The Hercules Dome ice core will be obtained over three to four field seasons in Antarctica using efficient drilling technology. This grant includes support for project management, pre-drilling science community engagement, ice-core recovery, and education and outreach activities. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eHercules Dome is located at the edge of the East Antarctic ice sheet, south of the Transantarctic Mountains at 86 degrees South, 105 degrees West. Glaciological conditions at Hercules Dome are simple, with well-defined layering to the bed, optimal for the recovery of a deep ice core reaching to the last interglacial period at depths between 1600 and 2800 meters. An ice core from Hercules Dome will provide a research opportunity for ice-core analysts and others to make progress on a number of science priorities, including the environmental conditions of the last interglacial period, the history of gases and aerosols, and the magnitude and timing of changes in temperature and snow accumulation over the last 150,000 years. Together with the network of ice cores obtained by U.S. and international researchers over the last few decades, results from Hercules Dome will yield improved estimates of the boundary conditions necessary for the implementation and validation of ice-sheet models critical to the projection of future Antarctic ice-sheet change and sea level.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -105.0, "geometry": "POINT(-105 -86)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ICE SHEETS; Hercules Dome; FIELD SURVEYS; AIR TEMPERATURE; SNOW/ICE CHEMISTRY; GLACIER ELEVATION/ICE SHEET ELEVATION; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS", "locations": "Hercules Dome", "north": -86.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Steig, Eric J.; Fudge, T. J.", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": "Hercules Dome Ice Core", "south": -86.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: An Ice Core from Hercules Dome, East Antarctica", "uid": "p0010401", "west": -105.0}, {"awards": "2152622 Morlighem, Mathieu", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-110 -74,-109 -74,-108 -74,-107 -74,-106 -74,-105 -74,-104 -74,-103 -74,-102 -74,-101 -74,-100 -74,-100 -74.3,-100 -74.6,-100 -74.9,-100 -75.2,-100 -75.5,-100 -75.8,-100 -76.1,-100 -76.4,-100 -76.7,-100 -77,-101 -77,-102 -77,-103 -77,-104 -77,-105 -77,-106 -77,-107 -77,-108 -77,-109 -77,-110 -77,-110 -76.7,-110 -76.4,-110 -76.1,-110 -75.8,-110 -75.5,-110 -75.2,-110 -74.9,-110 -74.6,-110 -74.3,-110 -74))", "dataset_titles": "Sliding-Law Parameter and Airborne Radar-Derived Basal Reflectivity Data Underneath Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601658", "doi": "10.15784/601658", "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Thwaites; Thwaites Glacier", "people": "Das, Indrani", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "title": "Sliding-Law Parameter and Airborne Radar-Derived Basal Reflectivity Data Underneath Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601658"}], "date_created": "Tue, 20 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project contributes to the joint initiative launched by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) to substantially improve decadal and longer-term projections of ice loss and sea-level rise originating from Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica. Thwaites Glacier has been accelerating and widening over the past three decades. How fast Thwaites will disintegrate or how quickly it will find a new stable state have become some of the most important questions of the future of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and its contribution to sea-level rise over the next decades to centuries and beyond. This project will rely on three independent numerical models of ice flow, coupled to an ocean circulation model to (1) improve our understanding of the interactions between the ice and the underlying bedrock, (2) analyze how sensitive the glacier is to external changes, (3) assess the processes that may lead to a collapse of Thwaites, and, most importantly, (4) forecast future ice loss of Thwaites. By providing predictions based on a suite of coupled ice-ocean models, this project will also assess the uncertainty in model projections.\r\n\r\nThe project will use three independent ice-sheet models: Ice Sheet System Model, Ua, and STREAMICE, coupled to the ocean circulation model of the MIT General Circulation Model. The team will first focus on the representation of key physical processes of calving, ice damage, and basal slipperiness that have either not been included, or are poorly represented, in previous ice-flow modelling work. The team will then quantify the relative role of different proposed external drivers of change (e.g., ocean-induced ice-shelf thinning, loss of ice-shelf pinning points) and explore the stability regime of Thwaites Glacier with the aim of identifying internal thresholds separating stable and unstable grounding-line retreat. Using inverse methodology, the project will produce new physically consistent high-resolution (300-m) data sets on ice-thicknesses from available radar measurements. Furthermore, the team will generate new remote sensing data sets on ice velocities and rates of elevation change. These will be used to constrain and validate the numerical models, and will also be valuable stand-alone data sets. This process will allow the numerical models to be constrained more tightly by data than has previously been possible. The resultant more robust model predictions of near-future impact of Thwaites Glacier on global sea levels can inform policy-relevant decision-making.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -100.0, "geometry": "POINT(-105 -75.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "COMPUTERS; Amundsen Sea; ICE SHEETS", "locations": "Amundsen Sea", "north": -74.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": "NOT APPLICABLE", "persons": "Morlighem, Mathieu; Das, Indrani", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e COMPUTERS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "NSF-NERC: PROcesses, drivers, Predictions: Modeling the response of Thwaites Glacier over the next Century using Ice/Ocean Coupled Models (PROPHET)", "uid": "p0010400", "west": -110.0}, {"awards": "2219065 Hood, John", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(0 -90)", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 19 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "\\Millimeter-wave (mm-wave) observations of active galactic nucleus (AGN) variability have the potential to shed light on some of the key questions of AGN physics, such as the origin of blazar gamma-ray emission and the possible connection of AGN to the high-energy neutrinos detected by IceCube. While continuous, high-cadence monitoring of AGN is now common at gamma-ray, optical, and radio frequencies, AGN monitoring in the mm band has mostly been restricted to short campaigns on targeted sources. Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) telescopes are now providing an option for daily monitoring of these objects within limited fields of view. I propose to use the South Pole Telescope (SPT), which was designed to observe the CMB at arcminute and larger angular scales, to monitor AGN, and then to expand this monitoring program to other CMB experiments such as Advanced ACTPol and the upcoming Simons Observatory and CMB-S4 experiments. A pilot project using data from the SPTpol camera on the SPT has enabled the monitoring of tens of mm-bright AGN on timescales from years to days at high signal to noise (S/N \u003e 10 in a 36-hour coadd). A study focused on the blazar PKS 2326-502, which has extensive, day-timescale monitoring data in gamma-ray, optical, and now mm-wave data between 2013 and 2016 shows intriguing evidence of correlated variability between SPTpol (150 GHz), SMARTS (O/IR) and Fermi (gamma-rays) observations. I propose to carry out such multi-wavelength correlation studies on a large statistical sample of mm-wave-bright AGN, enabled by the repurposing of existing and future CMB data. This large sample (covering nearly 70 % of the sky) will also be key to investigating hints of correlations between mm-bright blazar flares and high-energy neutrinos. I further propose to build a public-facing server that will provide the mm lightcurves I construct from CMB data to the wider community.", "east": 0.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -90)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "SOLAR ENERGETIC PARTICLE FLUX; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; South Pole Station", "locations": "South Pole Station", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Post Doc/Travel", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Hood, John", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "OPP-PRF: Millimeter-wave Blazar Monitoring With Cosmic Microwave Background Experiments: A New Tool for Probing Blazar Physics", "uid": "p0010399", "west": 0.0}, {"awards": "1644234 Phillips, Fred", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((166.17 -77.3,166.32799999999997 -77.3,166.486 -77.3,166.644 -77.3,166.802 -77.3,166.95999999999998 -77.3,167.118 -77.3,167.276 -77.3,167.434 -77.3,167.59199999999998 -77.3,167.75 -77.3,167.75 -77.34,167.75 -77.38,167.75 -77.42,167.75 -77.46,167.75 -77.5,167.75 -77.54,167.75 -77.58,167.75 -77.62,167.75 -77.66,167.75 -77.7,167.59199999999998 -77.7,167.434 -77.7,167.276 -77.7,167.118 -77.7,166.95999999999998 -77.7,166.802 -77.7,166.644 -77.7,166.486 -77.7,166.32799999999997 -77.7,166.17 -77.7,166.17 -77.66,166.17 -77.62,166.17 -77.58,166.17 -77.54,166.17 -77.5,166.17 -77.46,166.17 -77.42,166.17 -77.38,166.17 -77.34,166.17 -77.3))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 12 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Nontechnical Description: The age of rocks and soils at the surface of the Earth can help answer multiple questions that are important for human welfare, including: when did volcanoes erupt and are they likely to erupt again? when did glaciers advance and what do they tell us about climate? what is the frequency of hazards such as landslides, floods, and debris flows? how long does it take soils to form and is erosion of soils going to make farming unsustainable? One method that is used thousands of times every year to address these questions is called \u0027cosmogenic surface-exposure dating\u0027. This method takes advantage of cosmic rays, which are powerful protons and neutrons produced by supernova that constantly bombard the Earth\u0027s atmosphere. Some cosmic rays reach Earth\u0027s surface and produce nuclear reactions that result in rare isotopes. Measuring the quantity of the rare isotopes enables the length of time that the rock or soil has been exposed to the atmosphere to be calculated. The distribution of cosmic rays around the globe depends on Earth\u0027s magnetic field, and this distribution must be accurately known if useful exposure ages are to be obtained. Currently there are two remaining theories, narrowed down from many, of how to calculate this distribution. Measurements from a site that is at both high altitude and high latitude (close to the poles) are needed to test the two theories. This study involves both field and lab research and includes a Ph.D. student and an undergraduate student. The research team will collect rocks from lava flows on an active volcano in Antarctica named Mount Erebus and measure the amounts of two rare isotopes: 36Cl and 3He. The age of eruption of the samples will be determined using a highly accurate method that does not depend on cosmic rays, called 40Ar/39Ar dating. The two cosmic-ray theories will be used to calculate the ages of the samples using the 36Cl and 3He concentrations and will then be compared to the ages calculated from the 40Ar/39Ar dating. The accurate cosmic-ray theory will be the one that gives the same ages as the 40Ar/39Ar dating. Identification of the accurate theory will enable use of the cosmogenic surface dating methods anywhere on earth. \u003cbr/\u003eTechnical Description: Nuclides produced by cosmic rays in rocks at the surface of the earth are widely used for Quaternary geochronology and geomorphic studies and their use is increasing every year. The recently completed CRONUS-Earth Project (Cosmic-Ray Produced Nuclides on Earth) has systematically evaluated the production rates and theoretical underpinnings of cosmogenic nuclides. However, the CRONUS-Earth Project was not able to discriminate between the two leading theoretical approaches: the original Lal model (St) and the new Lifton-Sato-Dunai model (LSD). Mathematical models used to scale the production of the nuclides as a function of location on the earth, elevation, and magnetic field configuration are an essential component of this dating method. The inability to distinguish between the two models was because the predicted production rates did not differ sufficiently at the location of the calibration sites. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe cosmogenic-nuclide production rates that are predicted by the two models differ significantly from each other at Erebus volcano, Antarctica. Mount Erebus is therefore an excellent site for testing which production model best describes actual cosmogenic-nuclide production variations over the globe. The research team recently measured 3He and 36Cl in mineral separates extracted from Erebus lava flows. The exposure ages for each nuclide were reproducible within each flow (~2% standard deviation) and in very good agreement between the 3He and the 36Cl ages. However, the ages calculated by the St and LSD scaling methods differ by ~15-25% due to the sensitivity of the production rate to the scaling at this latitude and elevation. These results lend confidence that Erebus qualifies as a suitable high- latitude/high-elevation calibration site. The remaining component that is still lacking is accurate and reliable independent (i.e., non-cosmogenic) ages, however, published 40Ar/39Ar ages are too imprecise and typically biased to older ages due to excess argon contained in melt inclusions.\u003cbr/\u003eThe research team\u0027s new 40Ar/39Ar data show that previous problems with Erebus anorthoclase geochronology are now overcome with modern mass spectrometry and better sample preparation. This indicates a high likelihood of success for this proposal in defining an accurate global scaling model. Although encouraging, much remains to be accomplished. This project will sample lava flows over 3 km in elevation and determine their 40Ar/39Ar and exposure ages. These combined data will discriminate between the two scaling methods, resulting in a preferred scaling model for global cosmogenic geochronology. The LSD method contains two sub-methods, the \u0027plain\u0027 LSD scales all nuclides the same, whereas LSDn scales each nuclide individually. The project can discriminate between these models using 3He and 36Cl data from lava flows at different elevations, because the first model predicts that the production ratio for these two nuclides will be invariant with elevation and the second that there should be ~10% difference over the range of elevations to be sampled. Finally, the project will provide a local, finite-age calibration site for cosmogenic-nuclide investigations in Antarctica.", "east": 167.75, "geometry": "POINT(166.95999999999998 -77.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AGE DETERMINATIONS; Mount Erebus; VOLCANO", "locations": "Mount Erebus", "north": -77.3, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Phillips, Fred; Kyle, Philip; Heizler, Matthew T", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -77.7, "title": "A Test of Global and Antarctic Models for Cosmogenic-nuclide Production Rates using High-precision Dating of 40Ar/39Ar Lava Flows from Mount Erebus", "uid": "p0010397", "west": 166.17}, {"awards": "1625904 TBD", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((166 -77.5,166.4 -77.5,166.8 -77.5,167.2 -77.5,167.6 -77.5,168 -77.5,168.4 -77.5,168.8 -77.5,169.2 -77.5,169.6 -77.5,170 -77.5,170 -77.75,170 -78,170 -78.25,170 -78.5,170 -78.75,170 -79,170 -79.25,170 -79.5,170 -79.75,170 -80,169.6 -80,169.2 -80,168.8 -80,168.4 -80,168 -80,167.6 -80,167.2 -80,166.8 -80,166.4 -80,166 -80,166 -79.75,166 -79.5,166 -79.25,166 -79,166 -78.75,166 -78.5,166 -78.25,166 -78,166 -77.75,166 -77.5))", "dataset_titles": "Sarah PCWS unmodified ten-minute observational data, 2020 - present (ongoing).; Skomik PCWS unmodified ten-minute observational data, 2022 - present (ongoing).", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200341", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48567/q4eh-nm67", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "AMRDC", "science_program": null, "title": "Sarah PCWS unmodified ten-minute observational data, 2020 - present (ongoing).", "url": "https://amrdcdata.ssec.wisc.edu/dataset/sarah-pcws-unmodified-ten-minute-observational-data-2022-present-ongoing"}, {"dataset_uid": "200340", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48567/h6qx-0613", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "AMRDC", "science_program": null, "title": "Skomik PCWS unmodified ten-minute observational data, 2022 - present (ongoing).", "url": "https://amrdcdata.ssec.wisc.edu/dataset/skomik-pcws-unmodified-ten-minute-observational-data-2022-present-ongoing"}], "date_created": "Mon, 12 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The major goals of this Major Research Instrumentation (MRI) grant exclusively focus on the specification, design, construction, and laboratory testing of a modern polar climate and weather automated observing system (PCWS). \r\n* Up to 4 systems will be developed during the specification, design and testing phase of the project. \r\n* Approximately 10 additional systems will be constructed after the completion of the initial design and development phase of the project.\r\n* This project will involve students at every level and in nearly every aspect.\r\n* This effort includes all of the necessary equipment to enable the development, design, fabrication, construction, and laboratory testing of modern polar climate and weather automated observing systems. The systems will be complete base units including sensors, communications, power systems and tower/guying systems. This is in addition to the newly designed electronic core, which is the focal point of the project.\r\n\r\nThere is a sub-award to the University of Wisconsin-Madison which allows for critical collaboration and consultation, especially throughout the specification, design and testing phases of the project (including some co-located deployment of equipment via the Antarctic Automatic Weather Station project).", "east": 170.0, "geometry": "POINT(168 -78.75)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ATMOSPHERIC WINDS; Madison Area Technical College; SNOW/ICE; SURFACE PRESSURE; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; HUMIDITY; AIR TEMPERATURE; METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS; WEATHER STATIONS", "locations": "Madison Area Technical College", "north": -77.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Lazzara, Matthew; Cassano, John; L\u0027\u0027Ecuyer, Tristan; Kulie, Mark", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e METEOROLOGICAL STATIONS; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e WEATHER STATIONS", "repo": "AMRDC", "repositories": "AMRDC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "MRI: Development of a Modern Polar Climate and Weather Automated Observing System", "uid": "p0010396", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "1542756 Koutnik, Michelle", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -77,-179.5 -77,-179 -77,-178.5 -77,-178 -77,-177.5 -77,-177 -77,-176.5 -77,-176 -77,-175.5 -77,-175 -77,-175 -77.9,-175 -78.8,-175 -79.7,-175 -80.6,-175 -81.5,-175 -82.4,-175 -83.3,-175 -84.2,-175 -85.1,-175 -86,-175.5 -86,-176 -86,-176.5 -86,-177 -86,-177.5 -86,-178 -86,-178.5 -86,-179 -86,-179.5 -86,180 -86,177.5 -86,175 -86,172.5 -86,170 -86,167.5 -86,165 -86,162.5 -86,160 -86,157.5 -86,155 -86,155 -85.1,155 -84.2,155 -83.3,155 -82.4,155 -81.5,155 -80.6,155 -79.7,155 -78.8,155 -77.9,155 -77,157.5 -77,160 -77,162.5 -77,165 -77,167.5 -77,170 -77,172.5 -77,175 -77,177.5 -77,-180 -77))", "dataset_titles": "Beardmore Glacier model in \u0027icepack\u0027", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200339", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "GitHub", "science_program": null, "title": "Beardmore Glacier model in \u0027icepack\u0027", "url": "https://github.com/danshapero/beardmore"}], "date_created": "Mon, 12 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "In this project we investigated glaciers that drain ice from the East Antarctic Ice Sheet through the Transantarctic Mountains into the present-day Ross Ice Shelf. The outlet glaciers that flow through the Transantarctic Mountains have thinned significantly over the past 15,000 years, especially as they retreated from Last Glacial Maximum highstands to their present-day grounding lines. At certain locations and for certain glaciers, rocks or bedrock have been sampled to provide constraints on the timing of when ice retreated from these locations. In the locations where geochronological data are available we can use these data as direct constraints on ice-flow models that simulate ice elevation change over time. The intellectual merit of this work is using ice-flow models to spatially and temporally extrapolate between these limited geochronological data points, which enables new understanding of glacier evolution. \r\n\r\nThe mountainous topography in this region is complex, and there are limited measurements of the topography beneath the ice of the Transantarctic outlet glaciers. Since the topography of the glacier bed is an important control on ice flow and is a necessary boundary condition in models we developed a new gridded bed product at Beardmore Glacier, the one location where sufficient data were available, and we compared this to continent-scale gridded bed products. We found that for this glacier, the BedMachine v1 product was reasonably similar to the Beardmore Glacier bed topography measurements; our limited evaluation suggests that the BedMachine product may be sufficient at other Transantarctic outlets where bed measurements are not available, but that other compilations of bed topography data that do not include information about ice flow directions do not provide reliable results. Using these data and available geochronological constraints we investigated Beardmore Glacier evolution since the Last Glacial Maximum using simplified (flowline) models of ice flow.\r\n\r\nIn addition to flowline modeling at Beardmore Glacier, we developed a flow-model setup using the open-source \u0027icepack\u0027 model that uses the shallow stream equations and resolves flow in both the x and y directions. The key value added over flowline (or parameterized flowband) models is that this can capture converging and diverging ice flow, variable side wall and bottom drag, and other geometric complexities. In these simulations we can evaluate the past accumulation, ice influx, and ice outflux to compare controls on deglaciation to data constraints on the chronology of deglaciation.\r\n\r\nWe also used a flowline model to investigate the Darwin-Hatherton Glacier System. Exposure ages and radiocarbon ages of glacial deposits at four locations alongside Hatherton and Darwin glaciers record several hundred meters of late Pleistocene to early Holocene thickening relative to present. Deglaciation was relatively complex at this site, and we also found that Byrd glacier likely contributed ice to the catchment of the Darwin-Hatherton glacier system during the last glacial maximum, and that subsequent convergent flow from Byrd and Mulock glaciers during deglaciation complicated the response of the Darwin-Hatherton system. These new insights can be used on their own to better understand local deglaciation, and can also be used to evaluate regional or continent-scale model calculations.\r\n\r\nSeparately, we investigated the general response of outlet glaciers to different sources of climate forcing. We found that outlet glaciers have a characteristically different response over time to surface-mass-balance forcing applied over the interior than to oceanic forcing applied at the grounding line. Our models demonstrated that ocean forcing first engages the fast, local response and then the slow adjustment of interior ice, whereas surface-mass-balance forcing is dominated by the slow interior adjustment. These insights contributed to our general understanding of how outlet glaciers may have evolved over time.\r\n\r\nOur new model investigations provide a framework that can be applied at other Transantarctic outlet glaciers where geochronological data are available. In particular, our \u0027icepack\u0027 setup is an archived and documented resource for the community. These tools are available for future investigations, including additional investigations at Beardmore Glacier and at other Transantarctic Mountain outlet glaciers. Scientific broader impacts include that this contributes to our understanding of the past behavior of East Antarctic ice, which provides an important constraint on the future evolution of Antarctica. Our team has engaged in public outreach and has engaged students in this research. Two graduate students led in aspects of this work, and have since gone on to research positions after their PhD.", "east": -175.0, "geometry": "POINT(170 -81.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "GLACIERS; Transantarctic Mountains; GLACIER THICKNESS/ICE SHEET THICKNESS", "locations": "Transantarctic Mountains", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Koutnik, Michelle; Smith, Ben; Conway, Howard; Shapero, Daniel", "platforms": null, "repo": "GitHub", "repositories": "GitHub", "science_programs": null, "south": -86.0, "title": "Holocene Deglaciation of the Western Ross Embayment: Constraints from East Antarctic Outlet Glaciers", "uid": "p0010398", "west": 155.0}, {"awards": "1644004 Trumble, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Data from: Whiskers provide time-series of toxic and essential trace elements, Se:Hg molar ratios, and stable isotope values of an apex Antarctic predator, the leopard seal", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200338", "doi": "doi:10.5061/dryad.ksn02v75b", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Dryad", "science_program": null, "title": "Data from: Whiskers provide time-series of toxic and essential trace elements, Se:Hg molar ratios, and stable isotope values of an apex Antarctic predator, the leopard seal", "url": "https://datadryad.org/stash/share/h6UwXvfhZG26jtPTtDqyXNMnx2UWknOqmv05EBz6A10"}], "date_created": "Tue, 06 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This research project is a multidisciplinary effort that brings together a diverse team of scientists from multiple institutions together to understand the foraging behavior and physiology of leopard seals and their role in the Southern Ocean food web. The project will examine the physiology and behavior of leopard seals to in an effort to determine their ability to respond to potential changes in their habitat and foraging areas. Using satellite tracking devices the team will examine the movement and diving behavior of leopard seals and couple this information with measurements of their physiological capacity. The project will determine whether leopard seals- who feed on diverse range of prey- are built differently than their deep diving relatives the Weddell and elephant seal who feed on fish and squid. The team will also determine whether leopard seals are operating at or near their physiological capability to determine how much, if any, ?reserve capacity? they might have to forage and live in changing environments. A better understanding of their home ranges, movement patterns, and general behavior will also be informative to help in managing human-leopard seal interactions. The highly visual nature of the data and analysis for this project lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to the changing Antarctic habitats. The project will use the research results to educate the public on the unique physiological and ecological adaptations to extreme environments seen in diving marine mammals, including adaptations to exercise under low oxygen conditions and energy utilization, which affect and dictate the lifestyle of these exceptional organisms. The results of the project will also contribute to the broader understanding that may enhance the aims of managing marine living resources.\u003cbr/\u003eThe leopard seal is an apex predator in the Antarctic ecosystem. This project seeks to better understand the ability of the leopard seal to cope with a changing environment. The project will first examine the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of leopard seals using satellite telemetry. Specifically, satellite telemetry tags will be used to obtain dive profiles and movement data for individuals across multiple years. Diet and trophic level positions across multiple temporal scales will then be determined from physiological samples (e.g., blood, vibrissae, blubber fatty acids, stable isotopes, fecal matter). Oceanographic data will be integrated with these measures to develop habitat models that will be used to assess habitat type, habitat utilization, habitat preference, and home range areas for individual animals. Diet composition for individual seals will be evaluated to determine whether specific animals are generalists or specialists. Second, the team will investigate the physiological adaptations that allow leopard seals to be apex predators and determine to what extent leopard seals are working at or near their physiological limit. Diving behavior and physiology of leopard seals will be evaluated (for instance the aerobic dive limit for individual animals and skeletal muscle adaptations will be determined for diving under hypoxic conditions). Data from time-depth recorders will be used to determine foraging strategies for individual seals, and these diving characteristics will be related to physiological variables (e.g., blood volume, muscle oxygen stores) to better understand the link between foraging behavior and physiology. The team will compare myoglobin storage in swimming muscles associated with both forelimb and hind limb propulsion and the use of anaerobic versus aerobic metabolic systems while foraging.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "MAMMALS; Stable Isotopes; Livingston Island", "locations": "Livingston Island", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Trumble, Stephen J", "platforms": null, "repo": "Dryad", "repositories": "Dryad", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Foraging Ecology and Physiology of the Leopard Seal", "uid": "p0010394", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1739003 Holland, David", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Icefin raw and processed ice, seafloor, and hydrographic data beneath Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601618", "doi": "10.15784/601618", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "title": "Icefin raw and processed ice, seafloor, and hydrographic data beneath Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601618"}], "date_created": "Thu, 10 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; Thwaites Glacier", "locations": "Thwaites Glacier; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Washam, Peter", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": "2135695 Emslie, Steven; 2135696 Polito, Michael", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -70,-180 -70,-180 -70,-180 -70,-180 -70,-180 -70,-180 -70,-180 -70,-180 -70,-180 -70,-180 -70,-180 -70.8,-180 -71.6,-180 -72.4,-180 -73.2,-180 -74,-180 -74.8,-180 -75.6,-180 -76.4,-180 -77.2,-180 -78,-180 -78,-180 -78,-180 -78,-180 -78,-180 -78,-180 -78,-180 -78,-180 -78,-180 -78,180 -78,178 -78,176 -78,174 -78,172 -78,170 -78,168 -78,166 -78,164 -78,162 -78,160 -78,160 -77.2,160 -76.4,160 -75.6,160 -74.8,160 -74,160 -73.2,160 -72.4,160 -71.6,160 -70.8,160 -70,162 -70,164 -70,166 -70,168 -70,170 -70,172 -70,174 -70,176 -70,178 -70,-180 -70))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 28 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Stable isotope analyses of carbon and nitrogen (\u03b413C and \u03b415N) are commonly used to investigate animal migration, foraging locations and diet, especially in marine species that can travel over great distances. One other stable isotope, sulfur (\u03b434S), is not as commonly used but is increasingly being applied to refine and corroborate data obtained from carbon and nitrogen analyses. Collagen is one of the best tissues for these analyses as it is abundant in bone, preserves well, and can be easily extracted for analysis. In the Ross Sea region, the cold, dry environment has been conductive for the preservation of Ad\u00e9lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) bones, feathers, eggshell and even mummified remains, at active and abandoned colonies that date from before the Last Glacial Maximum (\u003e45,000 yrs ago) through the Holocene. Most of these colonies are associated with one of three polynyas, or highly productive areas of open water surrounded by sea ice in the Ross Sea. Thus, this species is an excellent bioindicator for marine conditions, past and present, and its colonies have appeared and disappeared throughout this region with changing climate and sea ice regimes for millennia. Current warming trends are inducing relatively rapid ecological responses by this species and some of the largest colonies in the Ross Sea are likely to be abandoned in the next 50 years from rising sea level. The recently established Ross Sea Marine Protected Area aims to protect Ad\u00e9lie penguins and other species in this region from human impacts and knowledge on how this species responds to climate change, past and present, will support this goal. \r\n\r\nWe propose to investigate ecological responses in diet and foraging behavior of the Ad\u00e9lie penguin to known climatic events that occurred in the middle to late Holocene, specifically, before, during and after a warming period known as the penguin \u2018optimum\u2019 at 2000 - 4000 cal yr before present (BP). We will apply for the first time a suite of three stable isotope analyses (\u03b413C, \u03b415N, \u03b434S) on chick bones and feathers, as well as prey remains, from active and abandoned colonies in the Ross Sea. We will use existing tissue samples (~60-80 bones) collected by PI Emslie with NSF support since 2001 and supplement these with newly collected samples of bones and feathers in this project. We will conduct compound-specific isotope analyses of carbon on essential amino acids from collagen from a selected sample of 30-40 bones that span the past 5000 yrs to provide corroboratory information. We will apply three-dimensional Bayesian niche models and/or community metrics using R scripts in these analyses to identify isotopic \u2018signatures\u2019 of existing and past foraging grounds and polynyas used by Ad\u00e9lie penguins in the southern, central, and northern Ross Sea. This four-year study will the first of its kind to apply multiple stable isotope analyses to investigate a living species of seabird over millennia in a region where it still exists today. \r\n\r\nBroader Impacts:\r\nThe PIs are committed to public engagement and enhancement of K-12 education in the STEM sciences. Broader impacts of this research will include support and training for one Ph.D., two M.S., and eight undergraduate students in the Department of Biology and Marine Biology, and two M.A. students in the Watson School of Education at the University of North Carolina Wilmington (UNCW). The last two students will continue to expand on a detailed polar curriculum that was initiated in previous NSF grants for 2nd and 4th grade students, and most recently for 9-12th grade students now available on PI Emslie\u2019s website (www.uncw.edu/penguins). Additional curricula for K-12 students will be designed and tested in this project, which will include visitation to local K-12 schools. As in previous awards, we will focus on schools that serve historically under-represented groups in the sciences. We will work with the UNCW Center for Education in STEM Sciences to assess the efficacy of this new curricula. All curricula will be uploaded on the Educational Resource Commons website. Field work will include blogs and active question-answer sessions with students at these schools. We will continue to post project information and updates on PI Emslie\u2019s website and YouTube channel. Our partnership with tour ship companies will provide a platform for onboard lectures on the importance of scientific research as well as citizen science opportunities for another sector of the public. This proposal requires fieldwork in the Antarctic.\r\n", "east": -180.0, "geometry": "POINT(170 -74)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Climate Change; Adelie Penguin; Foraging Ecology; Ross Sea; PENGUINS; Holocene; Stable Isotopes", "locations": "Ross Sea", "north": -70.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": "PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC \u003e QUATERNARY \u003e HOLOCENE", "persons": "Emslie, Steven; Lane, Chad S; Polito, Michael", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Using Multiple Stable Isotopes to Investigate Middle to Late Holocene Ecological Responses by Adelie Penguins in the Ross Sea", "uid": "p0010388", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "1917176 Siddoway, Christine; 1917009 Thomson, Stuart; 1916982 Teyssier, Christian", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-160.16 -67.15,-154.572 -67.15,-148.984 -67.15,-143.39600000000002 -67.15,-137.808 -67.15,-132.22 -67.15,-126.632 -67.15,-121.04400000000001 -67.15,-115.456 -67.15,-109.868 -67.15,-104.28 -67.15,-104.28 -68.165,-104.28 -69.18,-104.28 -70.19500000000001,-104.28 -71.21000000000001,-104.28 -72.225,-104.28 -73.24,-104.28 -74.255,-104.28 -75.27,-104.28 -76.285,-104.28 -77.3,-109.868 -77.3,-115.456 -77.3,-121.044 -77.3,-126.632 -77.3,-132.22 -77.3,-137.808 -77.3,-143.396 -77.3,-148.98399999999998 -77.3,-154.572 -77.3,-160.16 -77.3,-160.16 -76.285,-160.16 -75.27,-160.16 -74.255,-160.16 -73.24,-160.16 -72.225,-160.16 -71.21000000000001,-160.16 -70.19500000000001,-160.16 -69.18,-160.16 -68.165,-160.16 -67.15))", "dataset_titles": "Apatite fission track thermochronology data for detrital minerals, offshore clasts, and bedrock; U-Pb detrital zircon geochronological data, obtained by LA-ICP-MS", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200332", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "in progress", "science_program": null, "title": "U-Pb detrital zircon geochronological data, obtained by LA-ICP-MS", "url": ""}, {"dataset_uid": "200333", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "in progress", "science_program": null, "title": "Apatite fission track thermochronology data for detrital minerals, offshore clasts, and bedrock", "url": ""}], "date_created": "Wed, 19 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Sediment records off the coast of Marie Byrd Land (MBL), Antarctica suggest frequent and dramatic changes in the size of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) over short (tens of thousands of years) and long (millions of years) time frames in the past. WAIS currently overrides much of MBL and covers the rugged and scoured bedrock landscape. The ice sheet carved narrow linear troughs that reach depths of two to three thousand meters below sea level as outlet glaciers flowed from the interior of the continent to the oceans. As a result, large volumes of fragmented continental bedrock were carried out to the seabed. The glaciers cut downward into a region of crystalline rocks (i.e. granite) that display a significant temperature change as a function of rock depth. The strong geothermal gradient in the bedrock is favorable for determining when the bedrock became exhumed, or \"uncovered\" by action of the overriding icesheet or other processes. Our approach takes advantage of a reference horizon, or paleogeotherm, established when high-T mineral thermochronometers across Marie Byrd Land (MBL) cooled from temperatures of \u003e800\u00b0 C to 300\u00b0 C, due to rapid regional extension at ~100 Ma . The event imparted a signature through which the subsequent Cenozoic landscape history can be explored: MBL\u0027s elevated geothermal gradient, sustained during the Cenozoic, created favorable conditions for sensitive apatite and zircon low-T thermochronometers to record bedrock cooling related to glacial incision. \r\n\r\nAnalyzing the chemistry of minerals (zircon and apatite) within fragments of eroded rock will reveal the rate and timing of the bedrock erosion and development of topography in West Antarctica. This collaborative project addresses the following questions: When did the land become high enough for a large ice sheet to form? What was the regional pre-glacial topography? Under what climate conditions, and at what point in the growth of an ice sheet, did glaciers begin to cut sharply into bedrock to form the narrow troughs that flow seaward? The research will lead to greater understanding of past Antarctic ice sheet fluctuations and identify precise timing of glacial incisionm which will clarify the onset of WAIS glacier incision and assess the evolution of Cenozoic paleo-topography. The collaborative project provides training for one graduate and 8 undergraduate students in STEM. These students, together with PIs, will refine West Antarctic ice sheet history and obtain results that pertain to the international societal response to contemporary ice sheet change and its global consequences. \r\n\r\nThe methods used for the research include: \r\n\u2022Low-temperature (T) thermochronology and Pecube 3-D thermo-kinematic modeling, applied to the timing and characterizatio episodes of glacial erosional incision. \r\n\u2022Single-grain double- and triple-dating of zircon and apatite, to determine the detailed crustal thermal evolution of the region, enabling the research team to identify the comparative topographic influences on glaciation versus bedrock uplift induced by Eocene to present tectonism/magmatism. \r\n\r\nStudents and PIs employed state-of-the-art analytical facilities in Arizona and Minnesota, expanding the geo- and thermochronologic history of MBL from bedrock samples and offshore sedimentary deposits. The temperature and time data we acquired will provide constraints on paleotopography, isostasy, and the thermal evolution of MBL that will be modeled in 3D using Pecube model simulations. Within hot crust, less incision is required to expose bedrock containing the distinct thermochronometric profile; a prediction we are testing through use of inverse Pecube 3-D models of the thermal field through which bedrock and detrital samples cooled. Using results from Pecube, the ICI-Hot team will examine time-varying topography formed in response to changes in erosion rates, topographic relief, geothermal gradient and/or flexural isostatic rigidity. These effects are manifestations of dynamic processes in the WAIS, including ice sheet loading, ice volume fluctuations, relative motion upon crustal faults, and magmatism-related elevation increase across the MBL dome. The project makes use of pre-existing sample collections housed at the US Polar Rock Repository, IODP\u0027s Gulf Coast Core Repository, and the OSU Marine and Geology Repository. This award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -104.28, "geometry": "POINT(-132.22 -72.225)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Marie Byrd Land; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; Zircon; Subglacial Topography; FIELD SURVEYS; TECTONICS; Ice Sheet; Thermochronology; Apatite; ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS; Erosion; United States Of America; LABORATORY", "locations": "United States Of America; Marie Byrd Land", "north": -67.15, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": "PHANEROZOIC", "persons": "Siddoway, Christine; Thomson, Stuart; Teyssier, Christian", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS; OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "in progress", "repositories": "in progress", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.3, "title": "Collaborative Research: Ice sheet erosional interaction with hot geotherm in West Antarctica", "uid": "p0010386", "west": -160.16}, {"awards": "1543533 Johnson, Jesse; 1543530 van der Veen, Cornelis", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Wed, 19 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Van der Veen/1543530\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe objective of this research is to gain better understanding of the West Antarctic ice flow in the transition region from grounded ice to floating ice shelves and investigate the conditions that can initiate and sustain major retreat of these glaciers. Several major Antarctic outlet glaciers and ice streams will be investigated using a suite of observational techniques and modeling tools. Glaciers include Thwaites Glacier, which has become a focal point in the discussion of West Antarctic retreat, Whillans Ice Stream as an example of the archetype ice stream, and Byrd Glacier, a major outlet glacier draining East Antarctica through the Transantarctic Mountains into the Ross Ice Shelf. This study will investigate whether the ongoing changes in these glaciers will lead to long-term mass loss (the onset of ice sheet collapse), or whether these glaciers will quickly stabilize with a new geometry. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eTo adequately incorporate the dynamic behavior of outlet glaciers and ice streams requires inclusion of the relevant physical processes, and the development of regional models that employ a numerical grid with a horizontal grid spacing sufficiently refined to capture smaller-scale bed topographic features that may control the flow of these glaciers. This award revisits the issue of stability of marine-terminating glaciers whose grounding line is located on a retrograded bed slope. In particular, an attempt will be made to resolve the question whether observed rapid changes are the result of perturbations at the terminus or grounding line, or whether these changes reflect ice-dynamical forcing over the grounded reaches. High-resolution satellite imagery will be used to investigate ice-flow perturbations on smaller spatial scales than has been done before, to evaluate the importance of localized sites of high basal resistance on grounding-line stability. This collaborative project involves a range of modeling strategies including force-budget analysis, flow-band modeling, Full Stokes modeling for local studies, and using the Ice Sheet System Model developed at JPL for regional modeling. Broader Impacts include training two graduate students in computer simulations and ice sheet modeling algorithms. The work will also expand on a web-based interactive flowline model, so that it includes more realistic grounding line dynamics.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Ice Sheet Dynamics; MODELS; Iceberg Calving; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; Numerical Glacier Modeling; Basal Sliding; Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "van der Veen, Cornelis; Stearns, Leigh; Paden, John", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Stability and Dynamics of Antarctic Marine Outlet Glaciers", "uid": "p0010387", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2037963 Smith, Heidi", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 11 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Glacial ice cores serve as a museum back in time, providing detailed records of past climatic conditions. In addition to chronological records such as temperature, chemistry and gas composition, ice provides a unique environment for preserving microbes and other biological materials through time. These microbes provide invaluable insight into the physiological capabilities necessary for survival in the Earths cryosphere and other icy planetary bodies, yet little is known about them. This award supports fundamental research into the activity of microbes in ice, and directly supports major research priorities regarding Antarctic biota identified in the 2015 National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine report, A Strategic Vision for NSF Investments in Antarctic and Southern Ocean Research. The broader impacts of this work are that it will be relevant to researchers across paleoclimate and biological fields. It will support two early career researchers, a graduate and an undergraduate student who will conduct laboratory analyses, participate in outreach activities, publish papers in scientific journals and present at conferences. \r\n\r\nThis work will use previously collected ice cores to investigate englacial microbial activity from the Holocene back to the Last Glacial Maximum from the blue ice area of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. The proposal identified making significant contributions to 1) investing how Antarctic organisms evolve and adapt to changing environment, 2) understanding how microbes alter the preservation of paleorecord-relevant gas and trace element information in ice cores, and 3) identifying microbial life in cores and their activity in relation to dust depositional events. Two recently developed complementary techniques (bio-orthogonal noncanonical amino acid tagging and deuterium isotope probing) in combination with Raman Confocal Microspectroscopy will be used to assess and quantify microbial activity in ice. During phase one of the project, these methods will be optimized using deaccessioned ice cores available at the National Science Foundations Ice Core Facility. In phase two, ice cores in a time series from the Taylor Glacier will be analyzed for geochemistry and microbial activity. Research results will provide a comprehensive view of englacial microbial communities, including their metabolic diversity and activity, and the effect of geochemical parameters on microbial assemblages from different climate periods. Given the dearth of information available on englacial microbial communities, the results of this research will be of particular significance.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Microbial Activity; LABORATORY; Paleoclimate; CAMP; Taylor Glacier; Microbiology; Alaska; ICE CORE RECORDS", "locations": "CAMP; Alaska; Taylor Glacier", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Smith, Heidi; Foreman, Christine; Dieser, Markus", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Life in Ice: Probing Microbial Englacial Activity through Time", "uid": "p0010385", "west": null}, {"awards": "1645087 Catchen, Julian", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Circadian Gene Repertoire of the Patagonia Blennie Eleginops maclovinus\u2014The Closest Ancestral Proxy of Antarctic Cryonotothenioids; Evaluating Illumina-, Nanopore-, and PacBio-based genome assembly strategies with the bald notothen, Trematomus borchgrevinki; Genomics of Secondarily Temperate Adaptation in the Only Non-Antarctic Icefish", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200330", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCBI ", "science_program": null, "title": "Evaluating Illumina-, Nanopore-, and PacBio-based genome assembly strategies with the bald notothen, Trematomus borchgrevinki", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA861284"}, {"dataset_uid": "200380", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCBI", "science_program": null, "title": "Genomics of Secondarily Temperate Adaptation in the Only Non-Antarctic Icefish", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA857989"}, {"dataset_uid": "200381", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCBI", "science_program": null, "title": "Chromosome-Level Genome Assembly and Circadian Gene Repertoire of the Patagonia Blennie Eleginops maclovinus\u2014The Closest Ancestral Proxy of Antarctic Cryonotothenioids", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA917608"}, {"dataset_uid": "200331", "doi": "10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffbs3", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Dryad", "science_program": null, "title": "Evaluating Illumina-, Nanopore-, and PacBio-based genome assembly strategies with the bald notothen, Trematomus borchgrevinki", "url": "https://datadryad.org/stash/dataset/doi:10.5061/dryad.ghx3ffbs3"}], "date_created": "Mon, 10 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "As plate tectonics pushed Antarctica into a polar position, by ~34 million years ago, the continent and its surrounding Southern Ocean (SO) became geographically and thermally isolated by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current. Terrestrial and marine glaciation followed, resulting in extinctions as well as the survival and radiation of unique flora and fauna. The notothenioid fish survived and arose from a common ancestral stock into tax with 120 species that dominates today\u0027s SO fish fauna. The Notothenioids evolved adaptive traits including novel antifreeze proteins for survival in extreme cold, but also suffered seemingly adverse trait loss including red blood cells in the icefish family, and the ability to mount cellular responses to mitigate heat stress ? otherwise ubiquitous across all life. This project aims to understand how the notothenoid genomes have changed and contributed to their evolution in the cold. The project will sequence, analyze and compare the genomes of two strategic pairs of notothenioid fishes representing both red-blooded and white-blooded species. Each pair will consist of one Antarctic species and one that has readapted to the temperate waters of S. America or New Zealand. The project will also compare the Antarctic species genomes to a genome of the closet non-Antarctic relative representing the temperate notothenioid ancestor. The work aims to uncover the mechanisms that enabled the adaptive evolution of this ecologically vital group of fish in the freezing Southern Ocean, and shed light on their adaptability to a warming world. The finished genomes will be made available to promote and advance Antarctic research and the project will host a symposium of Polar researchers to discuss the cutting edge developments regarding of genomic adaptations in the polar region.\u003cbr/\u003eDespite subzero, icy conditions that are perilous to teleost fish, the fish fauna of the isolated Southern Ocean (SO) surrounding Antarctica is remarkably bountiful. A single teleost group - the notothenioid fishes - dominate the fauna, comprising over 120 species that arose from a common ancestor. When Antarctica became isolated and SO temperatures began to plunge in early Oligocene, the prior temperate fishes became extinct. The ancestor of Antarctic notothenioids overcame forbidding polar conditions and, absent niche competition, it diversified and filled the SO. How did notothenioids adapt to freezing environmental selection pressures and achieve such extraordinary success? And having specialized to life in chronic cold for 30 myr, can they evolve in pace with today\u0027s warming climate to stay viable? Past studies of Antarctic notothenioid evolutionary adaptation have discovered various remarkable traits including the key, life-saving antifreeze proteins. But life specialized to cold also led to paradoxical trait changes such as the loss of the otherwise universal heat shock response, and of the O2-transporting hemoglobin and red blood cells in the icefish family. A few species interestingly regained abilities to live in temperate waters following the escape of their ancestor out of the freezing SO. \u003cbr/\u003eThis proposed project is the first major effort to advance the field from single trait studies to understanding the full spectrum of genomic and genetic responses to climatic and environmental change during notothenioid evolution, and to evaluate their adaptability to continuing climate change. To this end, the project will sequence the genomes of four key species that embody genomic responses to different thermal selection regimes during notothenioids\u0027 evolutionary history, and by comparative analyses of genomic structure, architecture and content, deduce the responding changes. Specifically, the project will (i) obtain whole genome assemblies of the red-blooded T. borchgrevinki and the S. American icefish C. esox; (ii) using the finished genomes from (i) as template, obtain assemblies of the New Zealand notothenioid N. angustata, and the white-blooded icefish C. gunnari, representing a long (11 myr) and recent (1 myr) secondarily temperate evolutionary history respectively. Genes that are under selection in the temperate environment but not in the Antarctic environment can be inferred to be directly necessary for that environment and the reverse is also true for genes under selection in the Antarctic but not in the temperate environment. Further, genes important for survival in temperate waters will show parallel selection between N. angustata and C. esox despite the fact that the two fish left the Antarctic at far separated time points. Finally, gene families that expanded due to strong selection within the cold Antarctic should show a degradation of duplicates in the temperate environment. The project will test these hypotheses using a number of techniques to compare the content and form of genes, the structure of the chromosomes containing those genes, and through the identification of key characters, such as selfish genetic elements, introns, and structural variants.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Genome Assembly; FISH; McMurdo Sound; Icefish; SHIPS; Notothenioid; Puerto Natales, Chile", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Puerto Natales, Chile", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Catchen, Julian; Cheng, Chi-Hing", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e SHIPS", "repo": "NCBI ", "repositories": "Dryad; NCBI; NCBI ", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Evolutionary Genomic Responses in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "uid": "p0010384", "west": null}, {"awards": "2011285 Santora, Jarrod; 2011454 Veit, Richard", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-39 -53,-38.6 -53,-38.2 -53,-37.8 -53,-37.4 -53,-37 -53,-36.6 -53,-36.2 -53,-35.8 -53,-35.4 -53,-35 -53,-35 -53.2,-35 -53.4,-35 -53.6,-35 -53.8,-35 -54,-35 -54.2,-35 -54.4,-35 -54.6,-35 -54.8,-35 -55,-35.4 -55,-35.8 -55,-36.2 -55,-36.6 -55,-37 -55,-37.4 -55,-37.8 -55,-38.2 -55,-38.6 -55,-39 -55,-39 -54.8,-39 -54.6,-39 -54.4,-39 -54.2,-39 -54,-39 -53.8,-39 -53.6,-39 -53.4,-39 -53.2,-39 -53))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 06 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Part I: Non-technical description: \r\nOcean warming in the western Antarctic Peninsula and Scotia Sea in winter is among the highest worldwide. This project will quantify the impact of the climate warming on seabirds. The study area is in South Georgia in the South Atlantic with the largest and most diverse seabird colonies in the world. Detecting and understanding how physics and biology interact to bring positive or negative population changes to seabirds has long challenged scientists. The team in this project hypothesizes that 1) Cold water seabird species decline while warm water species increase due to ocean warming observed in the last 30 years; 2) All species decrease with ocean warming, affecting how they interact with each other and in doing so, decreasing their chances of survival; and 3) Species profiles can be predicted using multiple environmental variables and models. To collect present-day data to compare with observations done in 1985, 1991 and 1993, 2 cruises are planned in the austral winter; the personnel will include the three Principal Investigators, all experienced with sampling of seabirds, plankton and oceanography, with 2 graduate and 5 undergraduate students. Models will be developed based on the cruise data and the environmental change experienced in the last 30 years. The research will improve our understanding of seabird and marine mammal winter ecology, and how they interact with the environment. This project benefits NSF\u0027s goals to expand the fundamental knowledge of Antarctic systems, biota, and processes. The project will provide an exceptional opportunity to teach polar field skills to undergraduates by bringing 5 students to engage in the research cruises. To further increase polar literacy training and educational impacts, broader impacts include the production of an educational documentary that will be coupled to field surveys to assess public perceptions about climate change. \r\n\r\nPart II: Technical description: \r\nOcean warming in the western Antarctic Peninsula and Scotia Sea in winter is among the highest worldwide. Based on previous work, the Principal Investigators in this project want to test the hypothesis that warming would have decreased seabird abundance and species associations in the South Georgia region of the South Atlantic. A main premise of this proposal is that because of marine environmental change, the structure of the seabird communities has also changed, and potentially in a manner that has diminished the mutually beneficial dynamics of positive interactions, with subsequent consequences to fitness and population trends. The study is structured by 3 main objectives: 1) identify changes in krill, bird and mammal abundance that have occurred from previous sampling off both ends of South Georgia during winter in 1985, 1991 and 1993, 2) identify pairings of species that benefit each other in searching for prey, and quantify how such relationships have changed since 1985, and 3) make predictions about how these changes in species pairing might continue given predicted future changes in climate. The novelty of the approach is the conceptual model that inter-species associations inform birds of food availability and that the associations decrease if bird abundance decreases, thus warming could decrease overall population fitness. These studies will be essential to establish if behavioral patterns in seabird modulate their response to climate change. The project will provide exceptional educational opportunity to undergraduates by bringing 5 students to participate on the cruises. To further increase polar literacy training and educational impacts, broader impacts include the production of an educational documentary that will be coupled to field surveys to assess public perceptions about climate change.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -35.0, "geometry": "POINT(-37 -54)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Local Enhancement; South Georgia Island; Mutualism; Climate Change; Positive Interactions; Seabirds; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS; R/V NBP", "locations": "South Georgia Island", "north": -53.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Veit, Richard; Manne, Lisa; Santora, Jarrod", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e R/V NBP", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -55.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Climate, Changing Abundance and Species Interactions of Marine Birds and Mammals at South Georgia in Winter", "uid": "p0010382", "west": -39.0}, {"awards": "2135186 Baumberger, Tamara; 2135184 Arrigo, Kevin; 2135185 Resing, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((155 -61,156.5 -61,158 -61,159.5 -61,161 -61,162.5 -61,164 -61,165.5 -61,167 -61,168.5 -61,170 -61,170 -61.2,170 -61.4,170 -61.6,170 -61.8,170 -62,170 -62.2,170 -62.4,170 -62.6,170 -62.8,170 -63,168.5 -63,167 -63,165.5 -63,164 -63,162.5 -63,161 -63,159.5 -63,158 -63,156.5 -63,155 -63,155 -62.8,155 -62.6,155 -62.4,155 -62.2,155 -62,155 -61.8,155 -61.6,155 -61.4,155 -61.2,155 -61))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 30 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Part 1.\r\nPhytoplankton blooms throughout the world support critical marine ecosystems and help remove harmful CO2 from the atmosphere. Traditionally, it has been assumed that phytoplankton blooms in the Southern Ocean are stimulated by iron from either the continental margin or sea-ice. However, recent work demonstrates that hydrothermal vents may be an additional iron source for phytoplankton blooms. This enhancement of phytoplankton productivity by different iron sources supports rich marine ecosystems and leads to the sequestration of C in the deep ocean. Our proposed work will uncover the importance of hydrothermal activity in stimulating a large phytoplankton blooms along the southern boundary of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current just north of the Ross Sea. It will also lead towards a better understanding of the overall impact of hydrothermal activity on the C cycle in the Southern Ocean, which appears to trigger local hotspots of enhanced biological activity which are a potential as a sink for atmospheric CO2. This project will encourage the participation of underrepresented groups in ocean sciences, as well as providing educational opportunities for high school and undergraduate students, through three different programs. Stanford University\u2019s Summer Undergraduate Research in Geoscience and Engineering (SURGE) program provides undergraduates from different US universities and diverse cultural backgrounds the opportunity to spend a summer doing a research project at Stanford. The Stanford Earth Summer Undergraduate Research Program (SESUR) is for Stanford undergraduates who want to learn more about environmental science by performing original research. Finally, Stanford\u2019s School of Earth, Energy, and Environmental Sciences High School Internship Program enables young scientists to serve as mentors, prepares high school students for college, and serves to strengthen the partnership between Stanford and local schools. Students present their results at the Fall AGU meeting as part of the AGU Bright STaRS program. This project will form the basis of at least two Ph.D. dissertations. The Stanford student will participate in Stanford\u2019s Woods Institute Rising Environmental Leaders Program (RELP), a year-round program that helps graduate students hone their leadership and communication skills to maximize the impact of their research. The graduate student will also participate in Stanford\u2019s Grant Writing Academy where they will receive training in developing and articulating research strategies to tackle important scientific questions. \r\n\r\nPart 2.\r\nThis interdisciplinary program combines satellite and ship-based measurements of a large poorly understood phytoplankton bloom (the AAR bloom) in the northwestern Ross Sea sector of the Southern Ocean with a detailed modeling study of the physical processes linking deep dissolved iron (DFe) reservoirs to the surface phytoplankton bloom. Prior to the cruise, we will implement a numerical model (CROCO) for our study region so that we can better understand the circulation, plumes, turbulence, fronts, and eddy field around the AAR bloom and how they transport and mix hydrothermally produced DFe vertically. Post cruise, observations of the vertical distribution of 3He (combined with DMn and DFe), will be used as initial conditions for a passive tracer in the model, and tracer dispersal will be assessed to better quantify the role of the various turbulent processes in upwelling DFe-rich waters to the upper ocean. The satellite-based component of the program will characterize the broader sampling region before, during, and after our cruise. During the cruise, our automated software system at Stanford University will download and process images of sea ice concentration, Chl a concentration, sea surface temperature (SST), and SSH and send them electronically to the ship. Operationally, our goal is to use all available satellite data and preliminary model results to target shipboard sampling both geographically and temporally to optimize sampling of the AAR bloom. We will use available BGC-Argo float data to help characterize the AAR bloom. In collaboration with SOCCOM, we will deploy additional BGC-Argo floats (if available) during our transit through the study area to allow us to better characterize the bloom. The centerpiece of our program will be a 40-day process study cruise in austral summer. The cruise will consist of an initial \u201cradiator\u201d pattern of hydrographic surveys/sections along the AAR followed by CTDs to selected submarine volcanoes. When/if eddies are identified, they will be sampled either during or after the initial surveys. The radiator pattern, or parts thereof, will be repeated 2-3 times. Hydrographic survey stations will include vertical profiles of temperature, salinity, oxygen, oxidation-reduction potential, light scatter, and PAR (400-700 nm). Samples will be collected for trace metals, ligands, 3He, and total suspended matter. Where intense hydrothermal activity is identified, samples for pH and total CO2 will also be collected to characterize the hydrothermal system. Water samples will be collected for characterization of macronutrients, and phytoplankton physiology, abundance, species composition, and size. During transits, we will continuously measure atmospheric conditions, current speed and direction, and surface SST, salinity, pCO2, and fluorescence from the ship\u2019s systems to provide detailed maps of these parameters. The ship will be used as a platform for conducting phytoplankton DFe bioassay experiments at key stations throughout the study region both inside and outside the bloom. We will also perform detailed comparisons of algal taxonomic composition, physiology, and size structure inside and outside the bloom to determine the potential importance of each community on local biogeochemistry.", "east": 170.0, "geometry": "POINT(162.5 -62)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; Antarctica; TRACE ELEMENTS; Hydrothermal Vent; Phytoplankton; Primary Production", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Arrigo, Kevin; Thomas, Leif N; Baumberger, Tamara; Resing, Joseph", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -63.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Understanding the Massive Phytoplankton Blooms over the Australian-Antarctic Ridge", "uid": "p0010381", "west": 155.0}, {"awards": "2138994 Kocot, Kevin; 2138993 Gerken, Sarah", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 20 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The overarching goal of this research is to use cumaceans as a model system to explore invertebrate adaptations to the changing Antarctic. This project will leverage integrative taxonomy, functional, comparative and evolutionary genomics, and phylogenetic comparative methods to understand the true diversity of Cumacea in the Antarctic, identify genes and gene families experiencing expansions, selection, or significant differential expression, generate a broadly sampled and robust phylogenetic framework for Cumacea based on transcriptomes and genomes, and explore rates and timing of diversification in Antarctic cumaceans. The project will contribute to understanding of gene gain/loss, positive selection, and differential gene expression as a function of adaptation of organisms to Antarctic habitats. Phylogenomic analyses will provide a robust phylogenetic framework for Southern Ocean Cumacea. Currently, the only -omics level data that exists for the Cumacea is one transcriptome. This project will generate 8 genomes from 8 species, about 250 transcriptomes from about 70 species, and approximately 470 COI and 16S barcodes from about 100 species. Beyond the immediate scope of the current project, the genomic resources will be leveraged by members of the polar biology and invertebrate zoology communities for diverse other uses ranging from PCR primer development to inference of ancestral population sizes. In addition, curated morphological reference collections will be deposited at the Smithsonian, Los Angeles County Natural History Museum, and in the New Zealand National Water and Atmospheric Research collection at Greta Point, to assist future researchers in identification of Antarctic cumaceans.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Benthic; SHIPS; Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica; Biodiversity; Peracarida; ARTHROPODS; East Antarctica; Chile; BENTHIC; Cumacea; Ross Sea; Crustacea", "locations": "Antarctica; East Antarctica; Chile; Ross Sea; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Polar Special Initiatives; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": "NOT APPLICABLE", "persons": "Gerken, Sarah; Kocot, Kevin", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e SHIPS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: ANT LIA: Cumacean -Omics to Measure Mode of Adaptation to Antarctica (COMMAA)", "uid": "p0010379", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2218402 Fegyveresi, John", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-115 -85.5,-113.5 -85.5,-112 -85.5,-110.5 -85.5,-109 -85.5,-107.5 -85.5,-106 -85.5,-104.5 -85.5,-103 -85.5,-101.5 -85.5,-100 -85.5,-100 -85.65,-100 -85.8,-100 -85.95,-100 -86.1,-100 -86.25,-100 -86.4,-100 -86.55,-100 -86.7,-100 -86.85,-100 -87,-101.5 -87,-103 -87,-104.5 -87,-106 -87,-107.5 -87,-109 -87,-110.5 -87,-112 -87,-113.5 -87,-115 -87,-115 -86.85,-115 -86.7,-115 -86.55,-115 -86.4,-115 -86.25,-115 -86.1,-115 -85.95,-115 -85.8,-115 -85.65,-115 -85.5))", "dataset_titles": "Multi-Site Brittle Ice Data and Measurements", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601786", "doi": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Brittle Ice; Cryosphere; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Records; Ice Core Records; Physical Properties; Simple Dome; Siple Dome; South Pole; SPICEcore; Subgrain Boundaries; WAIS Divide", "people": "Barnett, Samantha; Fegyveresi, John", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "title": "Multi-Site Brittle Ice Data and Measurements", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601786"}], "date_created": "Mon, 19 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Brittle ice has been a long-standing and consistent challenge for ice-coring projects, complicating sampling, and introducing the possibility of contamination. Several procedures have been tested to reduce brittle damage to recovered cores, but many come with high monetary and time costs. Our background research suggests that bubble size and c-axis fabric are primary drivers for brittleness and are predictable from site characteristics, enabling prediction of brittleness before coring. We propose to improve understanding of the mechanisms involved in brittle ice onset and behavior, through targeted investigations of various ice physical properties, in carefully selected samples across multiple ice-core sites, in order to guide the upcoming Hercules Dome ice-core drilling and science communities. This project will involve collaboration between Northern Arizona University, the National Science Foundation Ice Core Facility, and Pennsylvania State University, and will utilize new and existing ice-core physical properties data from several previously drilled sites. This is a high-risk, low-cost project that could yield important results, and thus is well-suited for EAGER funding. This proposal utilizes existing ice cores and does not require Antarctic fieldwork. ", "east": -100.0, "geometry": "POINT(-107.5 -86.25)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Hercules Dome Ice Core; West Antarctica; Grain Statistics; LABORATORY; Ice Core; ICE SHEETS; Physical Properties; Brittle Ice; C-Axis Fabric; Bubble; ICE CORE RECORDS", "locations": "West Antarctica", "north": -85.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Fegyveresi, John", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Hercules Dome Ice Core", "south": -87.0, "title": "EAGER: Constraining the Expected Brittle-ice Behavior for the Hercules Dome Ice-core Site.", "uid": "p0010378", "west": -115.0}, {"awards": "2026648 Tobin, Thomas; 2020728 Huber, Brian; 2025724 Harwood, David", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-56.93 -64.2,-56.894 -64.2,-56.858 -64.2,-56.822 -64.2,-56.786 -64.2,-56.75 -64.2,-56.714 -64.2,-56.678 -64.2,-56.642 -64.2,-56.606 -64.2,-56.57 -64.2,-56.57 -64.214,-56.57 -64.22800000000001,-56.57 -64.242,-56.57 -64.256,-56.57 -64.27000000000001,-56.57 -64.284,-56.57 -64.298,-56.57 -64.312,-56.57 -64.32600000000001,-56.57 -64.34,-56.606 -64.34,-56.642 -64.34,-56.678 -64.34,-56.714 -64.34,-56.75 -64.34,-56.786 -64.34,-56.822 -64.34,-56.858 -64.34,-56.894 -64.34,-56.93 -64.34,-56.93 -64.32600000000001,-56.93 -64.312,-56.93 -64.298,-56.93 -64.284,-56.93 -64.27000000000001,-56.93 -64.256,-56.93 -64.242,-56.93 -64.22800000000001,-56.93 -64.214,-56.93 -64.2))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 15 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Non-technical description: \u003cbr/\u003eThis 4-year project is evaluating evidence of extinction patterns and depositional conditions from a high southern latitude Cretaceous-Paleogene (K-Pg) outcrop section found on Seymore Island, in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. The team is using sediment samples collected below the weathering horizon to evaluate detailed sedimentary structures, geochemistry, and microfossils in targeted stratigraphic intervals. The study will help determine if the K-Pg mass extinction was a single or double phased event and whether Seymour Island region in the geological past was a restricted, suboxic marine environment or an open well-mixed shelf. The award includes an integrated plan for student training at all levels, enhanced by a highlighted partnership with a high school earth sciences teacher working in a school serving underrepresented students.\u003cbr/\u003eTechnical description:\u003cbr/\u003e The proposed research is applying multiple techniques to address an overarching research question for which recent studies are in disagreement: Is the fossil evidence from a unique outcropping on Seymour Island, Antarctica consistent with a single or double phased extinction? In a two-phased model, the first extinction would affect primarily benthic organisms and would have occurred ~150 kiloyears prior to a separate extinction at the K-Pg boundary. However, this early extinction could plausibly be explained by an unrecognized facies control that is obscured by surficial weathering. This team is using microfossil evidence with detailed sedimentary petrology and geochemistry data to evaluate if the fossil evidence from Seymour Island is consistent with a single or double phased extinction process. The team is using detailed sedimentary petrology and geochemistry methods to test for facies changes across the K-PG interval that would explain the apparent early extinction. Samples of core sedimentary foraminifera, siliceous microfossils, and calcareous nannofossils are being evaluated to provide a high-resolution stratigraphic resolution and to evaluate whether evidence for an early extinction is present. Additionally, the team is using multiple geochemical methods to evaluate whether there is evidence for intermittent anoxia or euxinia and/or physical restriction of the Seymore region basin. Data from this analysis will indicate if this region was a restricted, suboxic marine environment or an open well-mixed shelf.", "east": -56.57, "geometry": "POINT(-56.75 -64.27000000000001)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Seymour Island; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; SEDIMENTARY ROCKS; MICROFOSSILS; FIELD INVESTIGATION", "locations": "Seymour Island", "north": -64.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Tobin, Thomas; Totten, Rebecca", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -64.34, "title": "Collaborative Research: Coring Seymour Island (CSI) Antarctica: Evaluating Causes and Effects of the End Cretaceous Mass Extinction", "uid": "p0010377", "west": -56.93}, {"awards": "1744562 Loose, Brice", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -71,-179.9 -71,-179.8 -71,-179.7 -71,-179.6 -71,-179.5 -71,-179.4 -71,-179.3 -71,-179.2 -71,-179.1 -71,-179 -71,-179 -71.7,-179 -72.4,-179 -73.1,-179 -73.8,-179 -74.5,-179 -75.2,-179 -75.9,-179 -76.6,-179 -77.3,-179 -78,-179.1 -78,-179.2 -78,-179.3 -78,-179.4 -78,-179.5 -78,-179.6 -78,-179.7 -78,-179.8 -78,-179.9 -78,180 -78,177.5 -78,175 -78,172.5 -78,170 -78,167.5 -78,165 -78,162.5 -78,160 -78,157.5 -78,155 -78,155 -77.3,155 -76.6,155 -75.9,155 -75.2,155 -74.5,155 -73.8,155 -73.1,155 -72.4,155 -71.7,155 -71,157.5 -71,160 -71,162.5 -71,165 -71,167.5 -71,170 -71,172.5 -71,175 -71,177.5 -71,-180 -71))", "dataset_titles": "Expedition Data of NBP1704; NBP1704 Expedition Data; PIPERS Noble Gases", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "001363", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "NBP1704 Expedition Data", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/NBP1704"}, {"dataset_uid": "200329", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "MGDS", "science_program": null, "title": "Expedition Data of NBP1704", "url": "https://www.marine-geo.org/tools/entry/NBP1704"}, {"dataset_uid": "601609", "doi": "10.15784/601609", "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Mass Spectrometer; NBP1704; Noble Gas; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer", "people": "Loose, Brice", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "PIPERS Noble Gases", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601609"}], "date_created": "Wed, 14 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Near the Antarctic coast, polynyas are open-water regions where extreme heat loss in winter causes seawater to become cold, salty, and dense enough to sink into the deep sea. The formation of this dense water has regional and global importance because it influences the ocean current system. Polynya processes are also tied to the amount of sea ice formed, ocean heat lost to atmosphere, and atmospheric CO2 absorbed by the Southern Ocean. Unfortunately, the ocean-atmosphere interactions that influence the deep ocean water properties are difficult to observe directly during the Antarctic winter. This project will combine field measurements and laboratory experiments to investigate whether differences in the concentration of noble gasses (helium, neon, argon, xenon, and krypton) dissolved in ocean waters can be linked to environmental conditions at the time of their formation. If so, noble gas concentrations could provide insight into the mechanisms controlling shelf and bottom-water properties, and be used to reconstruct past climate conditions. Project results will contribute to the Southern Ocean Observing System (SOOS) theme of The Future and Consequences of Carbon Uptake in the Southern Ocean. The project will also train undergraduate and graduate students in environmental monitoring, and earth and ocean sciences methods. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eUnderstanding the causal links between Antarctic coastal processes and changes in the deep ocean system requires study of winter polynya processes. The winter period of intense ocean heat loss and sea ice production impacts two important Antarctic water masses: High-Salinity Shelf Water (HSSW), and Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), which then influence the strength of the ocean solubility pump and meridional overturning circulation. To better characterize how sea ice cover, ocean-atmosphere exchange, brine rejection, and glacial melt influence the physical properties of AABW and HSSW, this project will analyze samples and data collected from two Ross Sea polynyas during the 2017 PIPERS winter cruise. Gas concentrations will be measured in seawater samples collected by a CTD rosette, from an underwater mass-spectrometer, and from a benchtop Membrane Inlet Mass Spectrometer. Noble gas concentrations will reveal the ocean-atmosphere (dis)equilibrium that exists at the time that surface water is transformed into HSSW and AABW, and provide a fingerprint of past conditions. In addition, nitrogen (N2), oxygen (O2), argon, and CO2 concentration will be used to determine the net metabolic balance, and to evaluate the efficacy of N2 as an alternative to O2 as glacial meltwater tracer. Laboratory experiments will determine the gas partitioning ratios during sea ice formation. Findings will be synthesized with PIPERS and related projects, and so provide an integrated view of the role of the wintertime Antarctic coastal system on deep water composition.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -179.0, "geometry": "POINT(168 -74.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Helium Isotopes; R/V NBP; DISSOLVED GASES; POLYNYAS; Ross Sea", "locations": "Ross Sea", "north": -71.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Loose, Brice", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e R/V NBP", "repo": "R2R", "repositories": "MGDS; R2R; USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Measuring Dissolved Gases to Reveal the Processes that Drive the Solubility Pump and Determine Gas Concentration in Antarctic Bottom Water", "uid": "p0010376", "west": 155.0}, {"awards": "2146068 Kienle, Sarah", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 12 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The leopard seal (Hydrurga leptonyx) is an enigmatic apex predator in the rapidly changing Southern Ocean. As top predators, leopard seals play a disproportionately large role in ecosystem functioning; they also act as sentinel species that can track abiotic and biotic habitat changes. How leopard seals respond to a warming environment depends on their adaptive capacity\u2014a species\u2019 ability to cope with environmental change. However, leopard seals are one of the least studied apex predators on earth, hindering our ability to predict how the species is responding to polar environmental changes. Therefore, our objective is to determine leopard seals\u2019 adaptive capacity by quantifying their ability to move (dispersal ability), adapt (genetic diversity), and change (plasticity). In Aim 1, we will determine leopard seals\u2019 dispersal ability by assessing their distribution and movement patterns. In Aim 2, we will quantify genetic diversity by analyzing genetic variability and population structure. In Aim 3, we will examine plasticity by evaluating changes in their ecological niche and physiological responses. We have assembled an international, multidisciplinary Antarctic-experienced team to analyze existing data (e.g., photographs, census data, life history data, tissue samples, body morphometrics) collected from leopard seals across the Southern Ocean (e.g., South Shetland Islands, east and west Antarctica) over the last decade. Land- and cruise ship-based field efforts will generate comparable data from unsampled regions (e.g., Antarctic Peninsula, Chile, New Zealand,). By analyzing these historical and contemporary datasets, we will evaluate the adaptive capacity of leopard seals against the rapidly warming Southern Ocean. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FIELD SURVEYS; SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; MAMMALS; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Kienle, Sarah; Trumble, Stephen J; Bonin, Carolina", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Move, Adapt, or Change: Examining the Adaptive Capacity of a Southern Ocean Apex Predator, the Leopard Seal", "uid": "p0010375", "west": null}, {"awards": "2123333 Fitzsimmons, Jessica; 2123491 John, Seth; 2123354 Conway, Timothy", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-135 -66,-131.5 -66,-128 -66,-124.5 -66,-121 -66,-117.5 -66,-114 -66,-110.5 -66,-107 -66,-103.5 -66,-100 -66,-100 -67,-100 -68,-100 -69,-100 -70,-100 -71,-100 -72,-100 -73,-100 -74,-100 -75,-100 -76,-103.5 -76,-107 -76,-110.5 -76,-114 -76,-117.5 -76,-121 -76,-124.5 -76,-128 -76,-131.5 -76,-135 -76,-135 -75,-135 -74,-135 -73,-135 -72,-135 -71,-135 -70,-135 -69,-135 -68,-135 -67,-135 -66))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 08 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The goal of the international GEOTRACES program is to understand the distributions of trace chemical elements and their isotopes (TEIs) in the oceans. Many trace metals such as iron are essential for life and thus considered nutrients for phytoplankton growth, with trace metal cycling being especially important for influencing carbon cycling in the iron-limited Southern Ocean, where episodic supply of iron from a range of different external sources is important. The primary goal of this project is to measure the dissolved concentrations, size partitioning, and dissolved isotope signature of Fe on a transect of water-column stations throughout the Amundsen Sea and surrounding region of the Antarctic Margin, as part of the GP17-ANT Expedition. The secondary goal of this project is to analyze the concentrations and size partitioning of the trace metals manganese, zinc, copper, cadmium, nickel, and lead in all water-column samples, measure the isotope ratios of zinc, cadmium, nickel, and copper in a subset of water column samples, and measure the Fe isotopic signature of aerosols, porewaters, and particles. Observations from this project will be incorporated into regional and global biogeochemistry models to assess TEI cycling within the Amundsen Sea and implications for the wider Southern Ocean. This project spans three institutions, four graduate students, undergraduate students, and will provide ultrafiltered samples and data to other PIs as service.\r\n\r\nThe US GEOTRACES GP17 ANT expedition, planned for austral summer 2023/2024 aims to determine the distribution and cycling of trace elements and their isotopes in the Amundsen Sea Sector (100-135\u00b0W) of the Antarctic Margin. The cruise will follow the Amundsen Sea \u2018conveyor belt\u2019 by sampling waters coming from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current onto the continental shelf, including near the Dotson and Pine Island ice shelves, the productive Amundsen Sea Polynya (ASP), and outflowing waters. Episodic addition of dissolved Fe and other TEIs from dust, ice-shelves, melting ice, and sediments drive seasonal primary productivity and carbon export over the Antarctic shelf and offshore into Southern Ocean. Seasonal coastal polynyas such as the highly productive ASP thus act as key levers on global carbon cycling. However, field observations of TEIs in such regions remain scarce, and biogeochemical cycling processes are poorly captured in models of ocean biogeochemistry. The investigators will use their combined analytical toolbox, in collaboration with the diagnostic chemical tracers and regional models of other funded groups to address four main objectives: 1) What is the relative importance of different sources in supplying Fe and other TEIs to the ASP? 2) What is the physiochemical speciation of this Fe, and its potential for transport? 3) How do biological uptake, scavenging and regeneration in the ASP influence TEI distributions, stoichiometry, and nutrient limitation? 4) What is the flux and signature of TEIs transported offshore to the ACC and Southern Ocean?", "east": -100.0, "geometry": "POINT(-117.5 -71)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "R/V NBP; Amundsen Sea; TRACE ELEMENTS; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES", "locations": "Amundsen Sea", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Chemical Oceanography; Chemical Oceanography; Chemical Oceanography", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Conway, Timothy; Fitzsimmons, Jessica; John, Seth", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e R/V NBP", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -76.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: US GEOTRACES GP17-ANT: Dissolved concentrations, isotopes, and colloids of the bioactive trace metals", "uid": "p0010374", "west": -135.0}, {"awards": "2147045 Learman, Deric", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-168 -60,-156 -60,-144 -60,-132 -60,-120 -60,-108 -60,-96 -60,-84 -60,-72 -60,-60 -60,-60 -62,-60 -64,-60 -66,-60 -68,-60 -70,-60 -72,-60 -74,-60 -76,-60 -78,-60 -80,-72 -80,-84 -80,-96 -80,-108 -80,-120 -80,-132 -80,-144 -80,-156 -80,-168 -80,180 -80,171 -80,162 -80,153 -80,144 -80,135 -80,126 -80,117 -80,108 -80,99 -80,90 -80,90 -78,90 -76,90 -74,90 -72,90 -70,90 -68,90 -66,90 -64,90 -62,90 -60,99 -60,108 -60,117 -60,126 -60,135 -60,144 -60,153 -60,162 -60,171 -60,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 30 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Microbes in Antarctic surface marine sediments have an important role in degrading organic matter and releasing nutrients to the ocean. Organic matter degradation is at the center of the carbon cycle in the ocean, providing valuable information on nutrient recycling, food availability to animals and carbon dioxide release to the atmosphere. The functionality of these microbes has been inferred by their genomics, however these methods only address the possible function, not their actual rates. In this project the PIs plan to combine genomics methods with cellular estimates of enzyme abundance and activity as a way to determine the rates of carbon degradation. This project aims to sample in several regions of Antarctica to provide a large-scale picture of the processes under study and understand the importance of microbial community composition and environmental factors, such as primary productivity, have on microbial activity. The proposed work will combine research tools such as metagenomics, meta-transcriptomics, and metabolomics coupled with chemical data and enzyme assays to establish degradation of organic matter in Antarctic sediments. This project benefits NSFs goals of understanding the adaptation of Antarctic organisms to the cold and isolated environment, critical to predict effects of climate change to polar organisms, as well as contribute to our knowledge of how Antarctic organisms have adapted to this environment. Society will benefit from this project by education of 2 graduate students, undergraduates and K-12 students as well as increase public literacy through short videos production shared in YouTube.\r\n\r\nThe PIs propose to advance understanding of polar microbial community function, by measuring enzyme and gene function of complex organic matter degradation in several ocean regions, providing a circum-Antarctic description of sediment processes. Two hypotheses are proposed. The first hypothesis states that many genes for the degradation of complex organic matter will be shared in sediments throughout a sampling transect and that where variations in gene content occur, it will reflect differences in the quantity and quality of organic matter, not regional variability. The second hypothesis states that a fraction of gene transcripts for organic matter degradation will not result in measurable enzyme activity due to post-translational modification or rapid degradation of the enzymes. The PIs will analyze sediment cores already collected in a 2020 cruise to the western Antarctic Peninsula with the additional request of participating in a cruise in 2023 to East Antarctica. The PIs will analyze sediments for metagenomics, meta-transcriptomics, and metabolomics coupled with geochemical data and enzyme assays to establish microbial degradation of complex organic matter in Antarctic sediments. Organic carbon concentrations and content in sediments will be measured with \u03b413C, \u03b415N, TOC porewater fluorescence in bulk organic carbon. Combined with determination of geographical variability as well as dependence on carbon sources, results from this study could provide the basis for new hypotheses on how climate variability, with increased water temperature, affects geochemistry in the Southern Ocean.", "east": 90.0, "geometry": "POINT(-165 -70)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "BENTHIC; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS; Weddell Sea; Antarctic Peninsula; SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY; R/V NBP", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Weddell Sea", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Learman, Deric", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e R/V NBP", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: ANT LIA: Connecting Metagenome Potential to Microbial Function: Investigating Microbial Degradation of Complex Organic Matter Antarctic Benthic Sediments", "uid": "p0010373", "west": -60.0}, {"awards": "2132641 Bik, Holly", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -62,180 -64,180 -66,180 -68,180 -70,180 -72,180 -74,180 -76,180 -78,180 -80,144 -80,108 -80,72 -80,36 -80,0 -80,-36 -80,-72 -80,-108 -80,-144 -80,-180 -80,-180 -78,-180 -76,-180 -74,-180 -72,-180 -70,-180 -68,-180 -66,-180 -64,-180 -62,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 30 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Nematode worms are abundant and ubiquitous in marine sediment habitats worldwide, performing key functions such as nutrient cycling and sediment stability. However, study of this phylum suffers from a perpetual and severe taxonomic deficit, with less than 5,000 formally described marine species. Fauna from the Southern Ocean are especially poorly studied due to limited sampling and the general inaccessibility of the Antarctic benthos. This study is providing the first large-scale molecular-based investigation from marine nematodes in the Eastern Antarctic continental shelf, providing an important comparative dataset for the existing body of historical (morphological) taxonomic studies. This project uses a combination of classical taxonomy (microscopy) and modern -omics tools to achieve three overarching aims: 1) determine if molecular data supports high biodiversity and endemism of benthic meiofauna in Antarctic benthic ecosystems; 2) determine the proportion of marine nematode species that have a deep-sea versus shallow-water evolutionary origin on the Antarctic shelf, and assess patterns of cryptic speciation in the Southern Ocean; and 3) determine the most important drivers of the host-associated microbiome in Antarctic marine nematodes. This project is designed to rapidly advance knowledge of the evolutionary origins of Antarctic meiofauna, provide insight on population-level patterns within key indicator genera, and elucidate the potential ecological and environmental factors which may influence microbiome patterns. Broader Impacts activities include an intensive cruise- and land-based outreach program focusing on social media engagement and digital outreach products, raising awareness of Antarctic marine ecosystems and understudied microbial-animal relationships. The diverse research team includes female scientists, first-generation college students, and Latinx trainees.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "East Antarctica; BENTHIC", "locations": "East Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Bik, Holly", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "ANT LIA: Do Molecular Data Support High Endemism and Divergent Evolution of Antarctic Marine Nematodes and their Host-associated Microbiomes?", "uid": "p0010372", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1924730 Lazzara, Matthew", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "AMRC Automatic Weather Station project data", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200316", "doi": "10.48567/1hn2-nw60", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "AMRDC", "science_program": null, "title": "AMRC Automatic Weather Station project data", "url": "https://doi.org/10.48567/1hn2-nw60"}], "date_created": "Tue, 23 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic Automatic Weather Station network is the most extensive surficial meteorological network in the Antarctic, approaching its 30th year at several of its data stations. Its prime focus is also as a long term observational record, to measure the near surface weather and climatology of the Antarctic atmosphere. Antarctic Automatic Weather Stations measure air-temperature, pressure, wind speed and direction at a nominal surface height of ~ 2-3m. Other parameters such as relative humidity and snow accumulation may also be taken. The surface observations from the Antarctic Automatic Weather Station network are also used operationally, for forecast purposes, and in the planning of field work. Surface observations made from the network have also been used to check the validity of satellite and remote sensing observations. The proposed effort informs our understanding of the Antarctic environment and its weather and climate trends over the past few decades. The research has implications for potential future operations and logistics for the US Antarctic Program during the winter season. As a part of this endeavor, all project participants will engage in a coordinated outreach effort to bring the famous Antarctic \"cold\" to public seminars, K-12, undergraduate, and graduate classrooms, and senior citizen centers.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis project proposes to use the surface conditions observed by the Antarctic Automatic Weather Station (AWS) network to determine how large-scale modes of climate variability impact Antarctic weather and climate, how the surface observations from the AWS network are linked to surface layer and boundary layer processes. Consideration will also be given to low temperature physical environments such as may be encountered during Antarctic winter, and the best ways to characterize these, and other ?cold pool? phenomena. Observational data from the AWS are collected via Iridium network, or DCS Argos aboard either NOAA or MetOp polar orbiting satellites and thus made available in near real time to operational and synoptic weather forecasters over the GTS (WMO Global Telecommunication System). Being able to support improvements in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling will have lasting impacts on Antarctic science and logistical support.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "SURFACE TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; Antarctica; SURFACE WINDS; HUMIDITY; AIR TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC WINDS; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Lazzara, Matthew; Welhouse, Lee J", "platforms": null, "repo": "AMRDC", "repositories": "AMRDC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program 2019-2022", "uid": "p0010370", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 23 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic Automatic Weather Station network is the most extensive surficial meteorological network in the Antarctic, approaching its 30th year at several of its data stations. Its prime focus is also as a long term observational record, to measure the near surface weather and climatology of the Antarctic atmosphere. Antarctic Automatic Weather Stations measure air-temperature, pressure, wind speed and direction at a nominal surface height of ~ 2-3m. Other parameters such as relative humidity and snow accumulation may also be taken. The surface observations from the Antarctic Automatic Weather Station network are also used operationally, for forecast purposes, and in the planning of field work. Surface observations made from the network have also been used to check the validity of satellite and remote sensing observations. The proposed effort informs our understanding of the Antarctic environment and its weather and climate trends over the past few decades. The research has implications for potential future operations and logistics for the US Antarctic Program during the winter season. As a part of this endeavor, all project participants will engage in a coordinated outreach effort to bring the famous Antarctic \"cold\" to public seminars, K-12, undergraduate, and graduate classrooms, and senior citizen centers.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis project proposes to use the surface conditions observed by the Antarctic Automatic Weather Station (AWS) network to determine how large-scale modes of climate variability impact Antarctic weather and climate, how the surface observations from the AWS network are linked to surface layer and boundary layer processes. Consideration will also be given to low temperature physical environments such as may be encountered during Antarctic winter, and the best ways to characterize these, and other ?cold pool? phenomena. Observational data from the AWS are collected via Iridium network, or DCS Argos aboard either NOAA or MetOp polar orbiting satellites and thus made available in near real time to operational and synoptic weather forecasters over the GTS (WMO Global Telecommunication System). Being able to support improvements in numerical weather prediction and climate modeling will have lasting impacts on Antarctic science and logistical support.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "HUMIDITY; SURFACE WINDS; SURFACE PRESSURE; INCOMING SOLAR RADIATION; SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE", "locations": null, "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "paleo_time": null, "persons": null, "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Collaborative Research: Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program 2019-2022", "uid": "p0010371", "west": null}, {"awards": "1853377 Shero, Michelle", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((162 -76,162.6 -76,163.2 -76,163.8 -76,164.4 -76,165 -76,165.6 -76,166.2 -76,166.8 -76,167.4 -76,168 -76,168 -76.2,168 -76.4,168 -76.6,168 -76.8,168 -77,168 -77.2,168 -77.4,168 -77.6,168 -77.8,168 -78,167.4 -78,166.8 -78,166.2 -78,165.6 -78,165 -78,164.4 -78,163.8 -78,163.2 -78,162.6 -78,162 -78,162 -77.8,162 -77.6,162 -77.4,162 -77.2,162 -77,162 -76.8,162 -76.6,162 -76.4,162 -76.2,162 -76))", "dataset_titles": "Weddell seal dive behavior and rhythmicity from 2010-2012 in the Ross Sea; Weddell seal iron dynamics and oxygen stores across lactation", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601835", "doi": "10.15784/601835", "keywords": "Aerobic; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Weddell Seal", "people": "Shero, Michelle", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Weddell seal dive behavior and rhythmicity from 2010-2012 in the Ross Sea", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601835"}, {"dataset_uid": "601587", "doi": "10.15784/601587", "keywords": "Aerobic; Antarctica; Dive Capacity; Iron; McMurdo Sound; Weddell Seal", "people": "Shero, Michelle", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Weddell seal iron dynamics and oxygen stores across lactation", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601587"}], "date_created": "Tue, 09 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Within any wild animal population there is substantial heterogeneity in reproductive rates and animal fitness. Not all individuals contribute to the population equally; some are able to produce more offspring than others and thus are considered to be of higher quality. This study aims to distinguish which physiological mechanisms (energy dynamics, aerobic capacity, and fertility) and underlying genetic factors make some Weddell seal females particularly successful at producing pups year after year, while others produce far fewer pups than the population average. In this project, an Organismal Energetics approach will identify key differences between high- and low-quality females in how they balance current and future reproductive success by tracking lactation costs, midsummer foraging success and pregnancy rates, and overwinter foraging patterns and live births the next year. Repeated sampling of individuals\u0027 physiological status (body composition, endocrinology, ovulation and pregnancy timing), will be paired with a whole-genome sequencing study. The second component of this study uses a Genome to Phenome approach to better understand how genetic differences between high- and low-quality females directly correspond to functional differences in transcription, translation, and ultimately phenotype. This component will contribute to the functional analysis and annotation of the Weddell seal genome. In combination, this project will make strides towards distinguishing the roles that plastic (physiological, behavioral) and fixed (genetic) factors play in complex, multifaceted traits such as fitness in a long-lived wild mammal. The project partners with established programs to implement extensive educational and outreach activities that will ensure wide dissemination to educators, students, and the public. It will contribute to a marine mammal exhibit at the Pink Palace Museum, and a PolarTREC science educator will participate in field work in Antarctica.", "east": 168.0, "geometry": "POINT(165 -77)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "McMurdo; MAMMALS", "locations": "McMurdo", "north": -76.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Shero, Michelle; Hindle, Allyson; Burns, Jennifer; Briggs, Brandon", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Physiological and Genetic Correlates of Reproductive Success in High- versus Low-Quality Weddell seals", "uid": "p0010369", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "2212904 Herbert, Lisa", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-120 -71,-118 -71,-116 -71,-114 -71,-112 -71,-110 -71,-108 -71,-106 -71,-104 -71,-102 -71,-100 -71,-100 -71.4,-100 -71.8,-100 -72.2,-100 -72.6,-100 -73,-100 -73.4,-100 -73.8,-100 -74.2,-100 -74.6,-100 -75,-102 -75,-104 -75,-106 -75,-108 -75,-110 -75,-112 -75,-114 -75,-116 -75,-118 -75,-120 -75,-120 -74.6,-120 -74.2,-120 -73.8,-120 -73.4,-120 -73,-120 -72.6,-120 -72.2,-120 -71.8,-120 -71.4,-120 -71))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Sun, 07 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Amundsen Sea, near the fastest melting Antarctic glaciers, hosts one of the most productive polar ecosystems in the world. Phytoplankton serve as the base of the food chain, and their growth also removes carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. Phytoplankton growth is fertilized in this area by nutrient iron (Fe), which is only present at low concentrations in seawater. Prior studies have shown the seabed sediments may provide Fe to the Amundsen Sea ecosystem. However, sediment sources of Fe have never been studied here directly. This project fills this gap by analyzing sediments from the Amundsen Sea and investigating whether sediment Fe fertilizes plankton growth. The results will help scientists understand the basic ecosystem drivers and predict the effects of climate change on this vibrant, vulnerable region. This project also emphasizes inclusivity and openness to the public. The researchers will establish a mentoring network for diverse polar scientists through the Polar Impact Network and communicate their results to the public through CryoConnect.org. \r\n\r\nThis project leverages samples already collected from the Amundsen Sea (NBP22-02) to investigate sediment Fe cycling and fluxes. The broad questions driving this research are 1) does benthic Fe fertilize Antarctic coastal primary productivity, and 2) what are the feedbacks between benthic Fe release and carbon cycling in the coastal Antarctic? To answer these questions, the researchers will analyze pore water Fe content and speciation and calculate fluxes of Fe across the sediment-water interface. These results will be compared to sediment characteristics (e.g., organic carbon content, reactive Fe content, proximity to glacial sources) to identify controls on benthic Fe release. This research dovetails with and expands on the science goals of the \u201cAccelerating Thwaites Ecosystem Impacts for the Southern Ocean\u201d (ARTEMIS) project through which the field samples were collected. In turn, the findings of ARTEMIS regarding modeled and observed trace metal dynamics, surface water productivity, and carbon cycling will inform the conclusions of this project, allowing insight into the impact of benthic Fe in the whole system. This project represents a unique opportunity for combined study of the water column and sediment biogeochemistry which will be of great value to the marine biogeochemistry community and will inform future sediment-ocean studies in polar oceanography and beyond. \r\n", "east": -100.0, "geometry": "POINT(-110 -73)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "TRACE ELEMENTS; SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY; Amundsen Sea", "locations": "Amundsen Sea", "north": -71.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Post Doc/Travel", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Herbert, Lisa", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -75.0, "title": "OPP-PRF: Benthic Iron Fluxes and Cycling in the Amundsen Sea", "uid": "p0010362", "west": -120.0}, {"awards": "2149518 Fudge, Tyler", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Sun, 07 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Interpreting highly compressed portions of ice cores is increasingly important as projects target climate records in basal ice, and in ice recovered from blue-ice areas. This project will integrate precisely co-registered electrical conductivity measurements (ECM), hyperspectral imaging, laser ablation ICPMS measurements of impurities, and ice physical properties to investigate sub-cm chemical and physical variations in polar ice. This work will establish to what extent annual layer interpretations of polar ice with sub-cm layering is possible. Critical to resolving thin ice layers is understanding the across-core variations which may obscure or distort the vertical layering. Analyses will be focused on samples from WAIS Divide, SPICEcore, and GISP2, which have well established seasonal cycles that yielded benchmark timescales, as well a large diameter ice core from a blue ice area.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ICE CORE RECORDS; Ice Core", "locations": null, "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Fudge, T. J.; Fegyveresi, John M", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Testing Next Generation Measurement Techniques for Reconstruction of Paleoclimate Archives from Thin or Disturbed Ice Cores Sections", "uid": "p0010365", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2220968 Stewart, Andrew; 2220969 Manucharyan, Georgy", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Sun, 07 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The world ocean is continuously in motion, and a large fraction of this motion takes the form of \"eddies\", nearly-horizontal swirls of water spanning tens to hundreds of kilometers. These eddies affect the ocean by mediating large-scale currents, redistributing heat, and supplying nutrients to oceanic ecosystems. Consequently, the ocean science community has historically invested substantial effort in characterizing the properties and impact of these eddies. In polar regions, the sea ice cover inhibits observations of eddies, and the relatively small horizontal size of the eddies hampers computer simulations of their behavior. Nonetheless, previous studies have identified an active population of eddies beneath the Arctic sea ice and shown that these eddies play a crucial role in maintaining the large-scale circulation in the Arctic seas. However, there has been no systematic attempt to study such eddies under Antarctic sea ice, leaving a significant gap in our understanding of eddies and their contribution to the large-scale ocean circulation around Antarctica.\r\n\r\nThe proposed research combines multiple approaches to improve our understanding of the eddy dynamics. Statistical characterizations of the sub-sea ice eddy field will be derived using hydrographic observations under Antarctic sea ice from Argo floats and instrumented seals. High-resolution global ocean and sea ice models will be used to track the simulated eddies back to their formation sites to identify the eddy formation mechanisms. Theoretical calculations will be conducted to test the hypothesis that the eddies primarily originate from hydrodynamic instabilities associated with subsurface density gradients. These theoretical, modeling, and data analysis approaches will be combined to estimate the eddies\u0027 contribution to lateral tracer transports and their impact on mean circulations of the near-Antarctic ocean. The proposed work will facilitate future scientific endeavors by providing publicly-available databases of detected eddy properties. This project will support the research of several junior scientists: an undergraduate student, two graduate students, and an early-career faculty member.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; OCEAN CURRENTS", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Stewart, Andrew; Bianchi, Daniele", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Characteristics and Origins of Eddies beneath Antarctic Sea Ice", "uid": "p0010366", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2218996 Collins, Kristina", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Sun, 07 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Magnetic field variations on the Earth\u2019s surface can be used to remote sense and characterize electrical currents and plasma waves in the near-Earth space environment that can affect technology, for example by inducing currents in power grids. Asymmetries between the space environment in the polar regions of the northern and southern hemispheres can profoundly affect these magnetic field variations. Magnetometers, which measure the strength and direction of magnetic fields, have been installed in the Arctic and Antarctic at opposite ends of the Earth\u2019s magnetic field lines. By looking at data from both sets of magnetometers, researchers can determine whether disturbances in the Earth\u2019s magnetosphere (a region of near-Earth space dominated by the Earth\u2019s magnetic field) caused by the Sun impact the Northern hemisphere, the Southern hemisphere or both, and thus understand the sources of north-south hemisphere asymmetries. Some events that appear in the magnetometer data may be difficult for computers to identify, but easy for people to identify if the data is translated into sound. Researchers will develop a tool for listening to data in a virtual reality environment, so that data from various instruments can be played back, making it easier to explore datasets intuitively. This system will be prototyped using a mixed reality headset for use in both science and education and may be used to analyze data taken at the same time by sensors on the ground and on satellites.\r\n\r\nThis project will examine one particular type of disturbance \u2013 magnetosheath jets \u2013 and its relation to plasma waves by addressing the question \u201cDo magnetosheath jets routinely drive Pc5/Pc6 geomagnetic pulsations?\u201d via the analysis of magnetometer data from geomagnetically conjugate (based on the International Geomagnetic Reference Field, IGRF) Arctic and Antarctic magnetometers. This question will be approached first through traditional plotting and visual analysis, then by presenting datastreams as sound sources situated in a virtual audio environment developed in the Unity game engine and integrated with mixed reality presentation via the Microsoft Hololens platform. This approach will leverage human capabilities for spatial discrimination of sounds to identify geomagnetic pulsations (surface magnetic field variations related to plasma waves in outer space) related to magnetosheath jet events with potentially large north-south hemispheric asymmetries, spatially localized wave activity, and irregular waveforms. The resulting presentation modality will make use of existing repositories of magnetometer data and may potentially be extended to the presentation of synchronous datasets from multiple sensing networks.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "MAGNETIC FIELD", "locations": null, "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Post Doc/Travel; Antarctic Astrophysics and Geospace Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Collins, Kristina", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "OPP-PRF: Conjugate Experiment to Explore Magnetospheric Phenomena Via Spatial Sonification and Mixed Reality", "uid": "p0010363", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2205008 Walker, Catherine", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Sun, 07 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The majority of mass loss from the Antarctic Ice Sheet, a major contributor to sea level rise, occurs at its margins, where ice meets the ocean. Glaciers and ice streams flow towards the coast and can go afloat over the water, forming ice shelves. Ice shelves make up almost half of the entire Antarctic coastline, and hold back the flow of inland ice in Antarctica continent; thus they are integral to the overall stability of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Ice shelves lose mass by two main processes: iceberg calving and basal melting. Temporal and spatial fluctuations in both are driven by various processes; a major driver of ice shelf melt is the heat provided by the neighboring Southern Ocean. Ocean heat, in turn, is driven by various aspects of the ice shelf environment. One of the most significant contributors to changes in the ocean\u2019s heat content is the presence of sea ice. This research will focus on the effects of coastal polynyas (areas of open water amidst sea ice), how they modulate the local ocean environment, and how that environment drives ice shelf basal melting. To date, the relationship between polynyas and ice shelf melt has not been characterized on an Antarctic-wide scale. Understanding the feedbacks between polynya size and duration, ocean stratification, and ice shelf melt, and the strength of those feedbacks, will improve the ability to characterize influences on the long-term stability of ice shelves, and in turn, the Antarctic Ice Sheet as a whole. A critical aspect of this study is that it will provide a framework for understanding ice shelf-ocean interaction across a diverse range of geographic settings. This, together with improvements of various models, will help interpret the impacts of future climate change on these systems, as their responses are likely quite variable and, on the whole, different from the large-scale response of the ice sheet. This project will also provide a broader context to better design future observational studies of specific coastal polynya and ice shelf processes.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "United States Of America; ICE EXTENT; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS", "locations": "United States Of America", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Walker, Catherine; Zhang, Weifeng; Seroussi, Helene", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Investigating the Role of Coastal Polynya Variability in Modulating Antarctic Marine-Terminating Glacier Drawdown", "uid": "p0010364", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2147553 Rotella, Jay; 2147554 Chen, Nancy; 1640481 Rotella, Jay", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((162 -74.95,162.8 -74.95,163.6 -74.95,164.4 -74.95,165.2 -74.95,166 -74.95,166.8 -74.95,167.6 -74.95,168.4 -74.95,169.2 -74.95,170 -74.95,170 -75.295,170 -75.64,170 -75.985,170 -76.33,170 -76.67500000000001,170 -77.02000000000001,170 -77.36500000000001,170 -77.71000000000001,170 -78.055,170 -78.4,169.2 -78.4,168.4 -78.4,167.6 -78.4,166.8 -78.4,166 -78.4,165.2 -78.4,164.4 -78.4,163.6 -78.4,162.8 -78.4,162 -78.4,162 -78.055,162 -77.71000000000001,162 -77.36500000000001,162 -77.02000000000001,162 -76.67500000000001,162 -76.33,162 -75.985,162 -75.64,162 -75.295,162 -74.95))", "dataset_titles": "Demographic data for Weddell Seal colonies in Erebus Bay through the 2023 Antarctic field season", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601837", "doi": null, "keywords": "AMD; Amd/Us; Antarctica; Cryosphere; McMurdo Sound; Population Dynamics; USA/NSF; USAP-DC; Weddell Seal", "people": "Rotella, Jay", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Demographic data for Weddell Seal colonies in Erebus Bay through the 2023 Antarctic field season", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601837"}], "date_created": "Sun, 07 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Reliable predictions are needed for how populations of wild species, especially those at high latitudes, will respond to future environmental conditions. This study will use a strategic extension of the long-term demographic research program that has been conducted annually on the Erebus Bay population of Weddell seals since 1978 to help meet that need. Recent analyses of the study population indicate strong annual variation in reproduction, abundance, and population composition. The number of new immigrant mothers that join the population each year has recently grown such that most new mothers are now immigrants. Despite the growing number of immigrants, the demographic importance and geographic origins of immigrants are unknown. The research will (1) add new information on drivers of annual variation in immigrant numbers, (2) compare and combine information on the vital rates and demographic role of immigrant females and their offspring with that of locally born females, and (3) add genomic analyses that will quantify levels of genetic variation in and gene flow among the study population and other populations in the Ross Sea. The project will continue the long-term monitoring of the population at Erebus Bay and characterize population dynamics and the role of immigration using a combination of mark-recapture analyses, stochastic population modeling, and genomic analyses. The study will continue to (1) provide detailed data on individual seals to other science teams, (2) educate and mentor individuals in the next generation of ecologists, (3) introduce two early-career, female scientists to Antarctic research, and (4) add genomics approaches to the long-term population study of Erebus Bay Weddell seals. The Informal Science Education program will expand on the project\u2019s recent and successful efforts by producing and delivering short-form videos through an interactive web portal and diverse social-media technologies. The Informal Science Education program will continue to update and add new topics to a multimedia-enhanced electronic book about the project\u2019s research on Weddell seals that will be freely available to the public. The outreach efforts will increase the length of the book from ~140 to ~225 pages and add new topics such as learning about seals using genomics and how seals respond to a changing world.", "east": 170.0, "geometry": "POINT(166 -76.67500000000001)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS; McMurdo Sound", "locations": "McMurdo Sound", "north": -74.95, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Rotella, Jay; Chen, Nancy", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.4, "title": "Collaborative Research: The Drivers and Role of Immigration in the Dynamics of the Largest Population of Weddell Seals in Antarctica under Changing Conditions", "uid": "p0010361", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "1654922 de la Pena, Santiago", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(0 -90)", "dataset_titles": " South Pole Weather and Accumulation Measurements 2017-2020", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601591", "doi": "10.15784/601591", "keywords": "Accumulation; Antarctica; Snow; South Pole; Surface Mass Balance", "people": "de la Pe\u00f1a, Santiago", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": " South Pole Weather and Accumulation Measurements 2017-2020", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601591"}], "date_created": "Tue, 02 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "To obtain observations of temporal variability of firn processes in Antarctica, we designed a cost-efficient, reliable, and easily deployable firn monitoring system capable of operating with little or no maintenance over a period of several seasons. The prototype station was installed in December 2017 in the vicinity of the geographical South Pole and at a short distance from the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Research Station in Antarctica. The data presented was acquired between December of 2017 and January of 2020. During the first year, of the months without sunlight the longest period without SMB measurements was 22 days, yielding enough measurements to obtain monthly estimates of every variable. During the polar night of 2019, a technical issue related to extreme cold prevented the data logger attached to the CRNCs to record correctly so the sensor was placed under a stand-by mode until the 2nd of December 2019 when temperatures raised. Firn compaction, temperature and wind were recorded continuously during the 2-year period with the exception of a couple of weeks during the Austral winter. The project finalized in January 2020 and the system was taken down on January 15th. ", "east": 0.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -90)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "South Pole; SNOW", "locations": "South Pole", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Astrophysics and Geospace Sciences; Antarctic Instrumentation and Facilities; Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "de la Pe\u00f1a, Santiago", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "EAGER: An Operational System to Measure Surface Mass Balance Deep in the Interior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet", "uid": "p0010360", "west": 0.0}, {"awards": "1744649 Christianson, Knut", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-120 -85.5,-117.5 -85.5,-115 -85.5,-112.5 -85.5,-110 -85.5,-107.5 -85.5,-105 -85.5,-102.5 -85.5,-100 -85.5,-97.5 -85.5,-95 -85.5,-95 -85.62,-95 -85.74,-95 -85.86,-95 -85.98,-95 -86.1,-95 -86.22,-95 -86.34,-95 -86.46000000000001,-95 -86.58,-95 -86.7,-97.5 -86.7,-100 -86.7,-102.5 -86.7,-105 -86.7,-107.5 -86.7,-110 -86.7,-112.5 -86.7,-115 -86.7,-117.5 -86.7,-120 -86.7,-120 -86.58,-120 -86.46000000000001,-120 -86.34,-120 -86.22,-120 -86.1,-120 -85.98,-120 -85.86,-120 -85.74,-120 -85.62,-120 -85.5))", "dataset_titles": "Hercules Dome ApRES Data; Hercules Dome High-Frequency Impulse Ice-Penetrating Radar Data; Hercules Dome Ice-Penetrating Radar Swath Topographies; Ice Dynamics at the Intersection of the West and East Antarctic Ice Sheets; ITASE Impulse Radar Hercules Dome to South Pole", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601606", "doi": "10.15784/601606", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPR; Ice Penetrating Radar; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "people": "Christianson, Knut", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Ice Dynamics at the Intersection of the West and East Antarctic Ice Sheets", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601606"}, {"dataset_uid": "601739", "doi": "10.15784/601739", "keywords": "Antarctica; Apres; Crystal Orientation Fabric; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Hercules Dome; Ice Dynamic; Ice Penetrating Radar; Radar Interferometry; Radar Polarimetry", "people": "Christianson, Knut; Hills, Benjamin; Holschuh, Nicholas; Hoffman, Andrew; Fudge, Tyler J; Horlings, Annika; Erwin, Emma; Steig, Eric J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Hercules Dome Ice Core", "title": "Hercules Dome ApRES Data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601739"}, {"dataset_uid": "601710", "doi": "10.15784/601710", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPR; Hercules Dome; Ice Penetrating Radar; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "people": "Holschuh, Nicholas; Hills, Benjamin; Christianson, Knut; Hoffman, Andrew; Christian, John; Horlings, Annika; O\u0027Connor, Gemma", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Hercules Dome Ice Core", "title": "Hercules Dome High-Frequency Impulse Ice-Penetrating Radar Data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601710"}, {"dataset_uid": "601712", "doi": "10.15784/601712", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPR; Hercules Dome; Ice Penetrating Radar; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "people": "Christianson, Knut; Welch, Brian; Hoffman, Andrew; Jacobel, Robert", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Hercules Dome Ice Core", "title": "ITASE Impulse Radar Hercules Dome to South Pole", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601712"}, {"dataset_uid": "601711", "doi": "10.15784/601711", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPR; Hercules Dome; Ice Penetrating Radar; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "people": "Christianson, Knut; Holschuh, Nicholas; Paden, John; Hoffman, Andrew", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Hercules Dome Ice Core", "title": "Hercules Dome Ice-Penetrating Radar Swath Topographies", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601711"}], "date_created": "Tue, 02 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The response of the Antarctic ice sheet to climate change is a central issue in projecting global sea-level rise. While much attention is focused on the ongoing rapid changes at the coastal margin of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, obtaining records of past ice-sheet and climate change is the only way to constrain how an ice sheet changes over millennial timescales. Whether the West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapsed during the last interglacial period (~130,000 to 116,000 years ago), when temperatures were slightly warmer than today, remains a major unsolved problem in Antarctic glaciology. Hercules Dome is an ice divide located at the intersection of the East Antarctic and West Antarctic ice sheets. It is ideally situated to record the glaciological and climatic effects of changes in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. This project will establish whether Hercules Dome experienced major changes in flow due to changes in the elevation of the two ice sheets. The project will also ascertain whether Hercules Domes is a suitable site from which to recover climate records from the last interglacial period. These records could be used to determine whether the West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapsed during that period. The project will support two early-career researchers and train students at the University of Washington. Results will be communicated through outreach programs in coordination the Ice Drilling Project Office, the University of Washington\u0027s annual Polar Science Weekend in Seattle, and art-science collaboration.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis project will develop a history of ice dynamics at the intersection of the East and West Antarctic ice sheets, and ascertain whether the site is suitable for a deep ice-coring operation. Ice divides provide a unique opportunity to assess the stability of past ice flow. The low deviatoric stresses and non-linearity of ice flow causes an arch (a \"Raymond Bump\") in the internal layers beneath a stable ice divide. This information can be used to determine the duration of steady ice flow. Due to the slow horizontal ice-flow velocities, ice divides also preserve old ice with internal layering that reflects past flow conditions caused by divide migration. Hercules Dome is an ice divide that is well positioned to retain information of past variations in the geometry of both the East and West Antarctic Ice Sheets. This dome is also the most promising location at which to recover an ice core that can be used to determine whether the West Antarctic Ice Sheet collapsed during the last interglacial period. Limited ice-penetrating radar data collected along a previous scientific surface traverse indicate well-preserved englacial stratigraphy and evidence suggestive of a Raymond Bump, but the previous survey was not sufficiently extensive to allow thorough characterization or determination of past changes in ice dynamics. This project will conduct a dedicated survey to map the englacial stratigraphy and subglacial topography as well as basal properties at Hercules Dome. The project will use ground-based ice-penetrating radar to 1) image internal layers and the ice-sheet basal interface, 2) accurately measure englacial attenuation, and 3) determine englacial vertical strain rates. The radar data will be combined with GPS observations for detailed topography and surface velocities and ice-flow modeling to constrain the basal characteristics and the history of past ice flow.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -95.0, "geometry": "POINT(-107.5 -86.1)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "West Antarctica; ICE DEPTH/THICKNESS; East Antarctica", "locations": "West Antarctica; East Antarctica", "north": -85.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Christianson, Knut; Hoffman, Andrew; Holschuh, Nicholas", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -86.7, "title": "Ice Dynamics at the Intersection of the West and East Antarctic Ice Sheets", "uid": "p0010359", "west": -120.0}, {"awards": "1937595 Briggs, Brandon; 1937546 Morgan-Kiss, Rachael", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((162 -77.616667,162.1 -77.616667,162.2 -77.616667,162.3 -77.616667,162.4 -77.616667,162.5 -77.616667,162.6 -77.616667,162.7 -77.616667,162.8 -77.616667,162.9 -77.616667,163 -77.616667,163 -77.6283336,163 -77.6400002,163 -77.6516668,163 -77.6633334,163 -77.67500000000001,163 -77.68666660000001,163 -77.69833320000001,163 -77.7099998,163 -77.7216664,163 -77.733333,162.9 -77.733333,162.8 -77.733333,162.7 -77.733333,162.6 -77.733333,162.5 -77.733333,162.4 -77.733333,162.3 -77.733333,162.2 -77.733333,162.1 -77.733333,162 -77.733333,162 -77.7216664,162 -77.7099998,162 -77.69833320000001,162 -77.68666660000001,162 -77.67500000000001,162 -77.6633334,162 -77.6516668,162 -77.6400002,162 -77.6283336,162 -77.616667))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Wed, 27 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": " Microbial communities are of more than just a scientific curiosity. Microbes represent the single largest source of evolutionary and biochemical diversity on the planet. They are the major agents for cycling carbon, nitrogen, phosphorus, and other elements through the ecosystem. Despite their importance in ecosystem function, microbes are still generally overlooked in food web models and nutrient cycles. Moreover, microbes do not live in isolation: their growth and metabolism are influenced by complex interactions with other microorganisms. This project will focus on the ecology, activity and roles of microbial communities in Antarctic Lake ecosystems. The team will characterize the genetic underpinnings of microbial interactions and the influence of environmental gradients (e.g. light, nutrients, oxygen, sulfur) and seasons (e.g. summer vs. winter) on microbial networks in Lake Fryxell and Lake Bonney in the Taylor Valley within the McMurdo Dry Valley region. Finally, the project furthers the NSF goals of training new generations of scientists by including undergraduate and graduate students, a postdoctoral researcher and a middle school teacher in both lab and field research activities. This partnership will involve a number of other outreach training activities, including visits to classrooms and community events, participation in social media platforms, and webinars. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003ePart II: Technical description: Ecosystem function in the extreme Antarctic Dry Valleys ecosystem is dependent on complex biogeochemical interactions between physiochemical environmental factors (e.g. light, nutrients, oxygen, sulfur), time of year (e.g. summer vs. winter) and microbes. Microbial network complexity can vary in relation to specific abiotic factors, which has important implications on the fragility and resilience of ecosystems under threat of environmental change. This project will evaluate the influence of biogeochemical factors on microbial interactions and network complexity in two Antarctic ice-covered lakes. The study will be structured by three main objectives: 1) infer positive and negative interactions from rich spatial and temporal datasets and investigate the influence of biogeochemical gradients on microbial network complexity using a variety of molecular approaches; 2) directly observe interactions among microbial eukaryotes and their partners using flow cytometry, single-cell sorting and microscopy; and 3) develop metabolic models of specific interactions using metagenomics. Outcomes from amplicon sequencing, meta-omics, and single-cell genomic approaches will be integrated to map specific microbial network complexity and define the role of interactions and metabolic activity onto trends in limnological biogeochemistry in different seasons. These studies will be essential to determine the relationship between network complexity and future climate conditions. Undergraduate researchers will be recruited from both an REU program with a track record of attracting underrepresented minorities and two minority-serving institutions. To further increase polar literacy training and educational impacts, the field team will include a teacher as part of a collaboration with the successful NSF-funded PolarTREC program and participation in activities designed for public outreach.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 163.0, "geometry": "POINT(162.5 -77.67500000000001)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "MICROALGAE; AQUATIC ECOSYSTEMS; Antarctica; LAKE/POND; BACTERIA/ARCHAEA; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.616667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Morgan-Kiss, Rachael; Briggs, Brandon", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -77.733333, "title": "ANT LIA: Collaborative Research: Genetic Underpinnings of Microbial Interactions in Chemically Stratified Antarctic Lakes", "uid": "p0010355", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "1744767 Sanders, Robert", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-68 -64,-67.4 -64,-66.8 -64,-66.2 -64,-65.6 -64,-65 -64,-64.4 -64,-63.8 -64,-63.2 -64,-62.6 -64,-62 -64,-62 -64.5,-62 -65,-62 -65.5,-62 -66,-62 -66.5,-62 -67,-62 -67.5,-62 -68,-62 -68.5,-62 -69,-62.6 -69,-63.2 -69,-63.8 -69,-64.4 -69,-65 -69,-65.6 -69,-66.2 -69,-66.8 -69,-67.4 -69,-68 -69,-68 -68.5,-68 -68,-68 -67.5,-68 -67,-68 -66.5,-68 -66,-68 -65.5,-68 -65,-68 -64.5,-68 -64))", "dataset_titles": "Companion datasets to Diversity of microbial eukaryotes along the West Antarctic peninsula in austral spring.; Expedition Data of NBP1910; Expedition Data of NBP 2205; LMG1904 expedition data; NBP1910_protist_community_RNA Raw sequence reads; NBP2205_protist_community_RNA Raw sequence reads will be made available here after processing is completed", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200147", "doi": "10.7284/908260", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "LMG1904 expedition data", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/LMG1904"}, {"dataset_uid": "200366", "doi": null, "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "Expedition Data of NBP 2205", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/NBP2205"}, {"dataset_uid": "200320", "doi": "10.6084/m9.figshare.19514110.v3", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Figshare", "science_program": null, "title": "Companion datasets to Diversity of microbial eukaryotes along the West Antarctic peninsula in austral spring.", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.19514110.v3"}, {"dataset_uid": "200365", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCBI", "science_program": null, "title": "NBP1910_protist_community_RNA Raw sequence reads; NBP2205_protist_community_RNA Raw sequence reads will be made available here after processing is completed", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/search/all/?term=PRJNA807326"}, {"dataset_uid": "200325", "doi": null, "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "Expedition Data of NBP1910", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/NBP1910"}], "date_created": "Wed, 27 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Traditional models of oceanic food chains have consisted of photosynthetic algae (phytoplankton) being ingested by small animals (zooplankton), which were ingested by larger animals (fish). These traditional models changed as new methods allowed recognition of the importance of bacteria and other non-photosynthetic protozoa in more complex food webs. More recently, the wide-spread existence of mixotrophs (organisms that can both photosynthesize and ingest food particles) and their importance as microbial predators has been recognized in many oceanographic areas. In the Southern Ocean, the only two surveys of mixotrophs have suggested that there may be seasonal differences in their importance as predators. During the long polar night (winter), the ability of mixotrophs to ingest particulate food may aid in their survival thus ensuring a sufficient population in spring to support a phytoplankton bloom once photosynthesis rates can increase. Thus mixotrophs may provide a critical early food source upon which zooplankton and larger animals depend on for growth and reproduction. This project will advance understanding of mixotroph diversity and their ecological impact within the Southern Ocean microbial food web. Specifically, efforts will be focused on mixotrophy in the western Antarctica peninsula region during the austral spring and autumn when there are likely to be changes in the relative importance of photosynthesis and ingestion to mixotrophs. The project will provide research opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students and a post-doctoral researcher. There will be real-time outreach from the Southern Ocean to the public via blogs and interviews, and to high school art students through an established program that blends science and art education. Despite traditional views of protists as either \"phototrophic\" or \"heterotrophic,\" there are many photosynthetic protists that consume prey (mixotrophy). Mixotrophy is a widespread phenomenon in aquatic systems and phytoplankton groups with known mixotrophic species, notably chrysophytes, cryptophytes, prymnesiophytes, prasinophytes and dinoflagellates, are present and often abundant in Antarctic waters. However, in the Southern Ocean, the presence of mixotrophic phytoflagellates has been surveyed only twice prior to this project: in the Ross Sea during Austral spring 2008 and summer 2011. The primary goals of the project are to gain better understanding of mixotroph diversity and their ecological impact with respect to the Southern Ocean microbial food web. The contribution of mixotrophs to primary production and bacterial consumption is likely linked to the taxonomic composition of the community and the abundance of particular species. Abundances of novel mixotrophic species will be evaluated via qPCR, which will be coupled with assessments of rates of feeding and photosynthesis with the goal of describing how active mixotrophs direct the movement of carbon through food webs. These experiments will help the determination of how viable and widespread mixotrophy is as a nutritional strategy in polar waters and give direct information on the currently unknown diversity of mixotrophic taxa under different environmental conditions occurring in austral spring and autumn. Furthermore, the methods will simultaneously yield information on the whole communities of protists - mixotrophic, phototrophic and heterotrophic. In addition, a method to examine aspects of the taxonomic and functional diversities of the bacterivorous/mixotrophic community will be employed. A thymidine analog (BrdU) will be used to label DNA of eukaryotes feeding on bacteria. The BrdU-labeled eukaryotic DNA will be isolated using immunoprecipitation. High-throughput sequencing of the labeled DNA (bacterivores) versus unlabeled community DNA will determine the diversity of bacterivorous mixotrophs relative to other microeukaryotes. Flow cytometric sorting based on chlorophyll to focus on mixotrophic species. These approaches will elucidate a gap in current knowledge of the influence of microbial interactions in the Southern Ocean under different conditions. This award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -62.0, "geometry": "POINT(-65 -66.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctic Peninsula; PLANKTON; COASTAL", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Sanders, Robert; Gast, Rebecca; Jeffrey, Wade H.", "platforms": null, "repo": "R2R", "repositories": "Figshare; NCBI; R2R", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Diversity and ecological impacts of Antarctic mixotrophic phytoplankton", "uid": "p0010357", "west": -68.0}, {"awards": "2012247 Groff, Dulcinea; 2012444 Cimino, Megan; 2012365 Johnston, David", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-65 -64.5,-64.8 -64.5,-64.6 -64.5,-64.4 -64.5,-64.2 -64.5,-64 -64.5,-63.8 -64.5,-63.6 -64.5,-63.4 -64.5,-63.2 -64.5,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.55,-63 -64.6,-63 -64.65,-63 -64.7,-63 -64.75,-63 -64.8,-63 -64.85,-63 -64.9,-63 -64.95,-63 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.4 -65,-63.6 -65,-63.8 -65,-64 -65,-64.2 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.6 -65,-64.8 -65,-65 -65,-65 -64.95,-65 -64.9,-65 -64.85,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.75,-65 -64.7,-65 -64.65,-65 -64.6,-65 -64.55,-65 -64.5))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Sun, 24 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award is funded in whole or part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2). \r\nPart I: Non-technical description: \r\nAdlie penguin colonies are declining and disappearing from the western Antarctic Peninsula. However, not all colonies in a certain area decline or disappear at the same rate. This research project will evaluate the influence of terrestrial surface properties on Adlie penguin colonies, leveraging five decades of research on seabirds near Palmer Station where an Adlie colony on Litchfield Island became extinct in 2007 while other colonies nearby are still present. The researchers will combine information obtained from remote sensing, UAS (Unoccupied Aircraft System, or drones) high-resolution maps, reconstruction of past moss banks and modeling with machine learning tools to define suitable penguin and peatbank moss habitats and explore the influence of microclimate on their distributions. In particular, the researchers are asking if guano from penguin colonies could act as fertilizers of moss banks in the presence of localized wind patters that can carry airborne nitrogen to the mosses. Modeling will relate penguin and peatbank moss spatial patterns to environmental variables and provide a greater understanding of how continued environmental change could impact these communities. The project allows for documentation of terrestrial Antarctic ecosystems in support of seabirds and provisioning of such information to the broader science community that seeks to study penguins, educating graduate and undergraduate students and a post-doctoral researcher. The research team includes two young women as Principal Investigators, one of them from an under-represented ethnic minority, first time Antarctic Principal Investigator, from an EPSCoR state (Wyoming), broadening participation in Antarctic research. Researchers will serve as student mentors through the Duke Bass Connections program entitled Biogeographic Assessment of Antarctic Coastal Habitats. This program supports an interdisciplinary team of graduate and undergraduate students collaborating with project faculty and experts on cutting-edge research bridging the classroom and the real world.\r\n\r\nPart II: Technical description: \r\nThis research aims to understand the changes at the microclimate scale (meters) by analyzing present and past Adlie penguin colonies and moss peatbanks in islands around Palmer Station in the western Antarctic Peninsula interlinked systems that are typically considered in isolation. By integrating in situ and remote data, this project will synthesize the drivers of biogeomorphology on small islands of the Antarctic Peninsula, a region of rapid change where plants and animals often co-occur and animal presence often determines the habitation of plants. A multi-disciplinary approach combine field measurements, remote sensing, UAS (Unoccupied Aircraft Systems) maps, paleoecology and modeling with machine learning to define suitable habitats and the influence of microclimates on penguin and peatbank distributions. The link between the two aspects of this study, peatbanks and penguins, is the potential source of nutrients for peat mosses from penguin guano. Peatbank and penguin distribution will be modeled and all models will be validated using in situ information from moss samples that will identify mechanistic processes. This project leverages 5 decades of seabird research in the area and high-definition remote sensing provided by the Polar Geospatial center to study the microclimate of Litchfield Island where an Adlie colony became extinct in 2007 when other colonies nearby are still present. The research team includes two early career women as Principal Investigators, one of them from an under-represented ethnic minority, first time Antarctic Principal Investigator, from an EPSCoR state (Wyoming). Researchers will serve as mentors for students through the Duke Bass Connections program entitled Biogeogrpahic Assessment of Antarctic Coastal Habitats which bridges the classroom and the real world.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -63.0, "geometry": "POINT(-64 -64.75)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Palmer Station; Antarctic Peninsula; COASTAL; STABLE ISOTOPES; TOPOGRAPHIC EFFECTS; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; MACROFOSSILS; PLANTS; PENGUINS; ISOTOPES; VISIBLE IMAGERY; RADIOCARBON; Anvers Island", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Anvers Island; Palmer Station", "north": -64.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Groff, Dulcinea; Cimino, Megan; Johnston, David", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Common Environmental Drivers Determine the Occupation Chronology of Ad\u00e9lie Penguins and Moss Peatbanks on the Western Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "p0010354", "west": -65.0}, {"awards": "2114502 Tinto, Kirsteen", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 19 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award is funded in whole or in part under the American Rescue Plan Act of 2021 (Public Law 117-2).\r\n\r\nAn important part of understanding future climate change is predicting changes in how fast the ice in Antarctica is moving. If ice flows more quickly towards the ocean, it will have a direct impact on sea level rise. One of the things that can influence the ice flow is the type of rock below the ice coverage in Antarctica. Sedimentary basins are large regions where sedimentary rocks accumulated in the past, often under ancient seas. It has been observed that where there are sediments below the ice, the ice can flow faster. This project seeks to understand what is below the ice and how the underlying rock influences the ice flow. Is it hard, crystalline rock? Is it a sedimentary basin? What is the relationship between sediments and ice flow? The answers to these questions will be addressed by using a combination of available data and geophysical methods. Information from well-known rock-types will be used to train the computer to recognize these features by using an application of artificial intelligence known as machine learning, which will help the characterization and identification of unknown sedimentary basins beneath the ice. The results of this project will be disseminated to a broad audience by holding workshops for teacher and students to explain our findings under the ice and to introduce the machine learning technique. Open-source codes used during this project will be made available for use in higher-level classrooms as well as in further studies.\r\n\r\nTo date, no comprehensive distribution of onshore and offshore sedimentary basins over Antarctica has been developed. A combination of large-scale datasets will be used to characterize known basins and identify new sedimentary basins to produce the first continent-wide mapping of sedimentary basins and provide improved basal parametrizations conditions that have the potential to support more realistic ice sheet models. Available geophysical compilations of data and the location of well-known sedimentary basins will be used to apply an ensemble machine learning algorithm. The machine learning algorithm will learn complex relationships by voting among a collection of randomized decision trees. The gravity signal related to sedimentary basins known from other (e.g. seismic) techniques will be evaluated and unknown basins from aerogravity data regression analyses will be proposed by calculating a gravity residual that reflects density inhomogeneities. The gravimetric sedimentary basins identified from the regression analyses will be compared with an independent method of identifying sedimentary distribution, the Werner deconvolution method of estimating depth to magnetic sources. The hypothesis, which is sedimentary basins are correlated to fast ice flow behavior, will be tested by comparing the location of the sedimentary basins with locations of high ice flow by using available ice velocity observations. A relationship between sedimentary basins and ice streams will be defined qualitatively and quantitatively, aiming to evaluate if there are ice streams where no sedimentary basins are reported, or sedimentary basins with no ice streams related. The findings of these project can confirm if the presence of abundant sediments is a pre-requisite for ice streaming. Analyzing previously known sedimentary basins and identifying new ones in Antarctica is central to evaluating the influence of subglacial sediments on the ice sheet flow.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "GRAVITY ANOMALIES; ICE SHEETS; Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Constantino, Renata", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Pan-Antarctic Assessment of Sedimentary Basins and the Onset of Streaming Ice Flow from Machine Learning and Aerogravity Regression Analyses", "uid": "p0010351", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1643431 Bitz, Cecilia", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Analysis code, processed observational data and climate model output required to produce figures for Roach et al (2022); Model output: CICE experiments with varying floe and wave physics described in Roach et al. (2019); Model output from experiments (FSD-M21) described in Cooper et al 2022.; Model output from experiments (IC4M1) described in Cooper et al 2022.; Model output from experiments (IC4M2) described in Cooper et al 2022.; Model output from experiments (IC4M3rad) described in Cooper et al 2022.; Model output from experiments (IC4M4) described in Cooper et al 2022.; Model output from experiments (IC4M5) described in Cooper et al 2022.; Model output from experiments (IC4M7) described in Cooper et al 2022.; Model output: NEMO-CICE with an emergent sea ice floe size distribution described in Roach et al (2018)", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200304", "doi": "10. 5281/zenodo.6214555", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output from experiments (IC4M4) described in Cooper et al 2022.", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6214555"}, {"dataset_uid": "200305", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6214998", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output from experiments (IC4M5) described in Cooper et al 2022.", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6214998"}, {"dataset_uid": "200306", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6212423", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output from experiments (IC4M7) described in Cooper et al 2022.", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6212423"}, {"dataset_uid": "200307", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6212232", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output from experiments (FSD-M21) described in Cooper et al 2022.", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6212232"}, {"dataset_uid": "200308", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.5913959", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Analysis code, processed observational data and climate model output required to produce figures for Roach et al (2022)", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/5913959"}, {"dataset_uid": "200309", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.3463580", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output: CICE experiments with varying floe and wave physics described in Roach et al. (2019)", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/3463580"}, {"dataset_uid": "200310", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.1193930", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output: NEMO-CICE with an emergent sea ice floe size distribution described in Roach et al (2018)", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/1193930"}, {"dataset_uid": "200302", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6213793", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output from experiments (IC4M2) described in Cooper et al 2022.", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6213793"}, {"dataset_uid": "200301", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6213441", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output from experiments (IC4M1) described in Cooper et al 2022.", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6213441"}, {"dataset_uid": "200303", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6214364", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output from experiments (IC4M3rad) described in Cooper et al 2022.", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6214364"}], "date_created": "Tue, 19 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Sea-ice coverage surrounding Antarctica has expanded during the era of satellite observations, in contrast to rapidly shrinking Arctic sea ice. Most climate models predict Antarctic sea ice loss, rather than growth, indicating that there is much to learn about Antarctic sea ice in terms of its natural variability, processes and interactions affecting annual growth and retreat, and the impact of atmospheric factors such increasing greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion. This project is designed to improve model simulations of sea ice and examine the role of wind and wave forcing on changes in sea ice around Antarctica.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis project seeks to explain basic interactions of the coupled atmosphere, ocean, and ice dynamics in the Antarctic climate system, especially in the region near the sea ice edge. The summer evolution of sea ice cover and the near surface heat exchange of atmosphere and ocean depend on the geometric distribution of floes and the open water surrounding them. The distribution of floes has the greatest impact on the sea ice state in the marginal seas, where the distribution itself can vary rapidly. This project would develop and implement a model of sea ice floes in the Los Alamos sea ice model, known as CICE5. This sea ice component would be coupled to the third generation WaveWatch model within the Community Climate System Model Version 2. The coupled model would be used to study sea ice-wave interactions and the role of modeling sea ice floes in the Antarctic. The broader impacts of this project include outreach, support of female scientists, and improvement of the sea-ice codes in widely used climate models.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ICE FLOES; Southern Ocean; SEA ICE", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Bitz, Cecilia", "platforms": null, "repo": "Zenodo", "repositories": "Zenodo", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "The Role of Wave-sea Ice Floe Interactions in Recent Antarctic Sea Ice Change", "uid": "p0010350", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2138277 Gallagher, Katherine", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-78 -62,-76.2 -62,-74.4 -62,-72.6 -62,-70.8 -62,-69 -62,-67.2 -62,-65.4 -62,-63.6 -62,-61.8 -62,-60 -62,-60 -63,-60 -64,-60 -65,-60 -66,-60 -67,-60 -68,-60 -69,-60 -70,-60 -71,-60 -72,-61.8 -72,-63.6 -72,-65.4 -72,-67.2 -72,-69 -72,-70.8 -72,-72.6 -72,-74.4 -72,-76.2 -72,-78 -72,-78 -71,-78 -70,-78 -69,-78 -68,-78 -67,-78 -66,-78 -65,-78 -64,-78 -63,-78 -62))", "dataset_titles": "Current velocity and direction data from Regional Ocean Modeling System simulations (2006-2007 \u0026 2010-2011); Current velocity and direction data from Regional Ocean Modeling System simulations (2008-2009 \u0026 2018-2019); Passive particle trajectories from Regional Ocean Modeling System simulations 2008-2009 \u0026 2018-2019; Simulated krill trajectory data from Regional Ocean Modeling System simulations 2006-2007 \u0026 2010-2011; Simulated krill trajectory data from Regional Ocean Modeling System simulations 2008-2009 \u0026 2018-2019; Simulated marine debris trajectories along the West Antarctic Peninsula in 2008-2009 and 2018-2019", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601734", "doi": "10.15784/601734", "keywords": "Antarctica; Modeling; Regional Ocean Modeling System; West Antarctic Shelf", "people": "Gallagher, Katherine", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Simulated marine debris trajectories along the West Antarctic Peninsula in 2008-2009 and 2018-2019", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601734"}, {"dataset_uid": "601655", "doi": "10.15784/601655", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Krill; Model Data; Physical Oceanography; Regional Ocean Modeling System; ROMS; West Antarctic Shelf", "people": "Gallagher, Katherine", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Simulated krill trajectory data from Regional Ocean Modeling System simulations 2008-2009 \u0026 2018-2019", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601655"}, {"dataset_uid": "601656", "doi": "10.15784/601656", "keywords": "Antarctica; Model Data; Ocean Currents; Physical Oceanography; Regional Ocean Modeling System; ROMS; West Antarctic Shelf", "people": "Gallagher, Katherine", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Current velocity and direction data from Regional Ocean Modeling System simulations (2008-2009 \u0026 2018-2019)", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601656"}, {"dataset_uid": "601780", "doi": "10.15784/601780", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Krill; Cryosphere; Model Data; Physical Oceanography; Regional Ocean Modeling System; ROMS; West Antarctic Shelf", "people": "Gallagher, Katherine", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Simulated krill trajectory data from Regional Ocean Modeling System simulations 2006-2007 \u0026 2010-2011", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601780"}, {"dataset_uid": "601779", "doi": "10.15784/601779", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Model Data; Ocean Currents; Physical Oceanography; Regional Ocean Modeling System; ROMS; West Antarctic Shelf", "people": "Gallagher, Katherine", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Current velocity and direction data from Regional Ocean Modeling System simulations (2006-2007 \u0026 2010-2011)", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601779"}, {"dataset_uid": "601682", "doi": "10.15784/601682", "keywords": "Antarctica; Physical Oceanography; Regional Ocean Modeling System; ROMS", "people": "Gallagher, Katherine", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Passive particle trajectories from Regional Ocean Modeling System simulations 2008-2009 \u0026 2018-2019", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601682"}], "date_created": "Tue, 19 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Pygoscelis penguins are central place foragers during the summer while they raise their chicks. They leave and return to the same colony location after hunting for food and rely on the availability of Antarctic krill, their primary food source. This research focuses on whether penguin diets and colony location reflect the retention of prey around and near colonies on the West Antarctic Peninsula. Eddies and other oceanographic processes may facilitate prey retention at certain locations, driving penguin colony establishment and success. \r\n\r\nThis project hypothesizes that Pygoscelis penguin diets will be composed of more Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) when local prey retention is high, possibly due to subsurface eddies. This hypothesis will be tested using satellite-based estimates of Pygoscelis penguin diet composition using multispectral sensor data to estimate nitrogen values and infer trophic level. Prey retention will be calculated along the peninsula using the Regional Ocean Modeling System (ROMS). Simulated particles and diel vertical migration will be used to mimic krill behavior. These particles can be experimentally seeded across multiple depths in multiple years to assess residence times in the system. Using penguin colony data from the Mapping Application for Penguin Populations and Projected Dynamics (MAPPPD), the PI will correlate diet and retention metrics to local penguin colony growth and persistence and build a predictive model of where colonies may form in the future.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -60.0, "geometry": "POINT(-69 -67)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctic Peninsula; PENGUINS; SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS; OCEAN CURRENTS", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Post Doc/Travel", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Gallagher, Katherine", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -72.0, "title": "OPP-PRF Pygoscelis Penguin Response to Potential Prey Retention along the West Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "p0010349", "west": -78.0}, {"awards": "1744885 Moline, Mark", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-64.643 -64.703149,-64.5388975 -64.703149,-64.43479500000001 -64.703149,-64.3306925 -64.703149,-64.22659 -64.703149,-64.1224875 -64.703149,-64.018385 -64.703149,-63.9142825 -64.703149,-63.81018 -64.703149,-63.706077500000006 -64.703149,-63.601975 -64.703149,-63.601975 -64.7258003,-63.601975 -64.7484516,-63.601975 -64.77110289999999,-63.601975 -64.7937542,-63.601975 -64.8164055,-63.601975 -64.8390568,-63.601975 -64.86170809999999,-63.601975 -64.8843594,-63.601975 -64.9070107,-63.601975 -64.929662,-63.706077500000006 -64.929662,-63.81018 -64.929662,-63.9142825 -64.929662,-64.018385 -64.929662,-64.1224875 -64.929662,-64.22659 -64.929662,-64.3306925 -64.929662,-64.43479500000001 -64.929662,-64.5388975 -64.929662,-64.643 -64.929662,-64.643 -64.9070107,-64.643 -64.8843594,-64.643 -64.86170809999999,-64.643 -64.8390568,-64.643 -64.8164055,-64.643 -64.7937542,-64.643 -64.77110289999999,-64.643 -64.7484516,-64.643 -64.7258003,-64.643 -64.703149))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 18 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This research project will use specially designed autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs) to investigate interactions between Adelie and Gentoo penguins (the predators) and their primary food source, Antarctic krill (prey). While it has long been known that penguins feed on krill, details about how they search for food and target individual prey items is less well understood. Krill aggregate in large swarms, and the size or the depth of these swarms may influence the feeding behavior of penguins. Similarly, penguin feeding behaviors may differ based on characteristics of the environment, krill swarms, and the presence of other prey and predator species. This project will use specialized smart AUVs to simultaneously collect high-resolution observations of penguins, their prey, and environmental conditions. Data will shed light on strategies used by penguins prove foraging success during the critical summer chick-rearing period. This will improve predictions of how penguin populations may respond to changing environmental conditions in the rapidly warming Western Antarctic Peninsula region. Greater understanding of how individual behaviors shape food web structure can also inform conservation and management efforts in other marine ecosystems. This project has a robust public education and outreach plan linked with the Birch and Monterey Bay Aquariums.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003ePrevious studies have shown that sub-mesoscale variability (1-10 km) in Antarctic krill densities and structure impact the foraging behavior of air-breathing predators. However, there is little understanding of how krill aggregation characteristics are linked to abundance on fine spatial scales, how these patterns are influenced by the habitat, or how prey characteristics influences the foraging behavior of predators. These data gaps remain because it is extremely challenging to collect detailed data on predators and prey simultaneously at the scale of an individual krill patch and single foraging event. Building on previously successful efforts, this project will integrate echosounders into autonomous underwater vehicles (AUVs), so that oceanographic variables and multi-frequency acoustic scattering from both prey and penguins can be collected simultaneously. This will allow for quantification of the environment at the scale of individual foraging events made by penguins during the critical 50+ day chick-rearing period. Work will be centered near Palmer Station, where long-term studies have provided significant insight into predator and prey population trends. The new data to be collected by this project will test hypotheses about how penguin prey selection and foraging behaviors are influenced by physical and biological features of their ocean habitat at extremely fine scale. By addressing the dynamic relationship between individual penguins, their prey, and habitat at the scale of individual foraging events, this study will begin to reveal the important processes regulating resource availability and identify what makes this region a profitable foraging habitat and breeding location.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -63.601975, "geometry": "POINT(-64.1224875 -64.8164055)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "COASTAL; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS; SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS; Palmer Station; MICROALGAE; PENGUINS; ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES", "locations": "Palmer Station", "north": -64.703149, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Moline, Mark; Benoit-Bird, Kelly; Cimino, Megan", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -64.929662, "title": "Collaborative Research: Linking Predator Behavior and Resource Distributions: Penguin-directed Exploration of an Ecological Hotspot", "uid": "p0010347", "west": -64.643}, {"awards": "1644277 Aschwanden, Andy", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-75 -60,-72 -60,-69 -60,-66 -60,-63 -60,-60 -60,-57 -60,-54 -60,-51 -60,-48 -60,-45 -60,-45 -61.5,-45 -63,-45 -64.5,-45 -66,-45 -67.5,-45 -69,-45 -70.5,-45 -72,-45 -73.5,-45 -75,-48 -75,-51 -75,-54 -75,-57 -75,-60 -75,-63 -75,-66 -75,-69 -75,-72 -75,-75 -75,-75 -73.5,-75 -72,-75 -70.5,-75 -69,-75 -67.5,-75 -66,-75 -64.5,-75 -63,-75 -61.5,-75 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Linear Theory of Orographic Precipitation QGIS Plugin; Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) v2", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601590", "doi": "10.15784/601590", "keywords": "Antarctica", "people": "Aschwanden, Andy", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Linear Theory of Orographic Precipitation QGIS Plugin", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601590"}, {"dataset_uid": "601589", "doi": "10.15784/601589", "keywords": "Antarctica", "people": "Aschwanden, Andy", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) v2", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601589"}], "date_created": "Thu, 14 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Aschwanden/1644277\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award supports a project to study the phenomenon of the rain shadow (technically called orographic precipitation) in the Antarctic Peninsula and its interaction with a mountain range covered in ice and snow. Orographic precipitation gives rise to the largest climatic and ecological gradients on Earth. Air ascending on the windward side of the mountain range expands and cools, condensing the water vapor it carries and producing heavy rain- or snow-fall. As the air descends on the leeward flank, the air warms and dries out, leaving little-to-no precipitation. This pattern of snowfall, caused by the interaction of winds and the landscape, is hypothesized to control the shape of the ice cap itself. The investigators hypothesize that feedbacks between precipitation and topography control ice flux and temperature, impacting basal conditions (frozen versus wet) and motion, which over long time scales can affect basal topography via erosion.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe authors propose to investigate the feedbacks between orographically driven precipitation, ice dynamics, thermodynamics, and basal erosion and uplift over the northern Antarctic Peninsula by coupling an orographic precipitation model to the Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM). Using idealized and more realistic geometries, they will begin with a 2-D flow band model, which will be expanded into three dimensions to determine the strength of the feedbacks as a function of bedrock geometry and the intensity of the orographic precipitation gradient. The Antarctic Peninsula is targeted as the ideal case study, in the context of its rapid modern and future change as well as its deflation since the Last Glacial Maximum. The broader impacts of the work include the strengthening of predictive models by capturing feedbacks related to orographic precipitation not included in current models. This is likely to provide a more realistic assessment of the impacts of orographic precipitation in a regime of changing climate. The project will support an early career scientist and a female mid-career scientist and will support one PhD student, and provide summer research experience for one undergraduate student as an REU supplement. The project does not require field work in the Antarctic.", "east": -45.0, "geometry": "POINT(-60 -67.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ICE SHEETS; Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "Antarctic Ice Sheet", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Aschwanden, Andy; Pettit, Erin", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -75.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Feedbacks between Orographic Precipitation and Ice Dynamics", "uid": "p0010348", "west": -75.0}, {"awards": "1745009 Kohut, Josh; 1745018 Fraser, William; 1744884 Oliver, Matthew; 1745011 Klinck, John; 1745081 Bernard, Kim; 1745023 Hennon, Tyler", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-75 -60,-73 -60,-71 -60,-69 -60,-67 -60,-65 -60,-63 -60,-61 -60,-59 -60,-57 -60,-55 -60,-55 -61,-55 -62,-55 -63,-55 -64,-55 -65,-55 -66,-55 -67,-55 -68,-55 -69,-55 -70,-57 -70,-59 -70,-61 -70,-63 -70,-65 -70,-67 -70,-69 -70,-71 -70,-73 -70,-75 -70,-75 -69,-75 -68,-75 -67,-75 -66,-75 -65,-75 -64,-75 -63,-75 -62,-75 -61,-75 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Antarctic ACROBAT data; CTD Data from IFCB Sampling; Finite Time Lyapunov Exponent Results, Calculated from High Frequency Radar Observed Surface Currents; High Frequency Radar, Palmer Deep; IFCB Image Data; Relative Particle Density; SWARM AMLR moorings - acoustic data; SWARM Glider Data near Palmer Deep; WAP model float data; Winds from Joubin and Wauwerman Islands", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200398", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "IOOS Glider DAAC", "science_program": null, "title": "SWARM Glider Data near Palmer Deep", "url": "https://gliders.ioos.us/erddap/search/index.html?page=1\u0026itemsPerPage=1000\u0026searchFor=swarm"}, {"dataset_uid": "200395", "doi": "10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.872729.1", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "SWARM AMLR moorings - acoustic data", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/872729"}, {"dataset_uid": "200397", "doi": "10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.865098.1", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "Winds from Joubin and Wauwerman Islands", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/865098"}, {"dataset_uid": "200389", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "Antarctic ACROBAT data", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/916046"}, {"dataset_uid": "200394", "doi": "10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.917926.1", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "Relative Particle Density", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/917926"}, {"dataset_uid": "200396", "doi": "10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.867442.2", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "WAP model float data", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/867442"}, {"dataset_uid": "200393", "doi": "10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.865002.1", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "IFCB Image Data", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/865002"}, {"dataset_uid": "200391", "doi": "10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.917914.1", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "Finite Time Lyapunov Exponent Results, Calculated from High Frequency Radar Observed Surface Currents", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/917914"}, {"dataset_uid": "200390", "doi": "10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.865030.1", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "CTD Data from IFCB Sampling", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/865030"}, {"dataset_uid": "200392", "doi": "10.26008/1912/bco-dmo.917884.1", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "High Frequency Radar, Palmer Deep", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/917884"}], "date_created": "Tue, 05 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Undersea canyons play disproportionately important roles as oceanic biological hotspots and are critical for our understanding of many coastal ecosystems. Canyon-associated biological hotspots have persisted for thousands of years Along the Western Antarctic Peninsula, despite significant climate variability. Observations of currents over Palmer Deep canyon, a representative hotspot along the Western Antarctic Peninsula, indicate that surface phytoplankton blooms enter and exit the local hotspot on scales of ~1-2 days. This time of residence is in conflict with the prevailing idea that canyon associated hotspots are primarily maintained by phytoplankton that are locally grown in association with these features by the upwelling of deep waters rich with nutrients that fuel the phytoplankton growth. Instead, the implication is that horizontal ocean circulation is likely more important to maintaining these biological hotspots than local upwelling through its physical concentrating effects. This project seeks to better resolve the factors that create and maintain focused areas of biological activity at canyons along the Western Antarctic Peninsula and create local foraging areas for marine mammals and birds. The project focus is in the analysis of the ocean transport and concentration mechanisms that sustain these biological hotspots, connecting oceanography to phytoplankton and krill, up through the food web to one of the resident predators, penguins. In addition, the research will engage with teachers from school districts serving underrepresented and underserved students by integrating the instructors and their students completely with the science team. Students will conduct their own research with the same data over the same time as researchers on the project. Revealing the fundamental mechanisms that sustain these known hotspots will significantly advance our understanding of the observed connection between submarine canyons and persistent penguin population hotspots over ecological time, and provide a new model for how Antarctic hotspots function.\u003cbr/\u003e \u003cbr/\u003e \u003cbr/\u003eTo understand the physical mechanisms that support persistent hotspots along the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), this project will integrate a modeling and field program that will target the processes responsible for transporting and concentrating phytoplankton and krill biomass to known penguin foraging locations. Within the Palmer Deep canyon, a representative hotspot, the team will deploy a High Frequency Radar (HFR) coastal surface current mapping network, uniquely equipped to identify the eddies and frontal regions that concentrate phytoplankton and krill. The field program, centered on surface features identified by the HFR, will include (i) a coordinated fleet of gliders to survey hydrography, chlorophyll fluorescence, optical backscatter, and active acoustics at the scale of the targeted convergent features; (ii) precise penguin tracking with GPS-linked satellite telemetry and time-depth recorders (TDRs); (iii) and weekly small boat surveys that adaptively target and track convergent features to measure phytoplankton, krill, and hydrography. A high resolution physical model will generalize our field measurements to other known hotspots along the WAP through simulation and determine which physical mechanisms lead to the maintenance of these hotspots. The project will also engage educators, students, and members of the general public in Antarctic research and data analysis with an education program that will advance teaching and learning as well as broadening participation of under-represented groups. This engagement includes professional development workshops, live connections to the public and classrooms, student research symposia, and program evaluation. Together the integrated research and engagement will advance our understanding of the role regional transport pathways and local depth dependent concentrating physical mechanisms play in sustaining these biological hotspots.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -55.0, "geometry": "POINT(-65 -65)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CONDUCTIVITY SENSORS \u003e CONDUCTIVITY METERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e RADIATION SENSORS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "MOORED; WATER TEMPERATURE; CONDUCTIVITY; FLUORESCENCE; UNCREWED VEHICLES; Palmer Station; PHOTOSYNTHETICALLY ACTIVE RADIATION; PELAGIC; OCEAN MIXED LAYER; SURFACE; SALINITY; WATER PRESSURE; LIVING ORGANISM; MODELS; ACOUSTIC SCATTERING", "locations": "Palmer Station", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Instrumentation and Support; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": "NOT APPLICABLE", "persons": "Bernard, Kim; Oliver, Matthew; Kohut, Josh; Fraser, William; Klinck, John M.; Statcewich, Hank", "platforms": "LIVING ORGANISM-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e LIVING ORGANISM; OTHER \u003e MODELS; WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e BUOYS \u003e MOORED; WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e UNCREWED VEHICLES; WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE", "repo": "IOOS Glider DAAC", "repositories": "BCO-DMO; IOOS Glider DAAC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Physical Mechanisms Driving Food Web Focusing in Antarctic Biological Hotspots", "uid": "p0010346", "west": -75.0}, {"awards": "9981683 Costa, Daniel; 0003956 Burns, Jennifer", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-70 -65,-69.5 -65,-69 -65,-68.5 -65,-68 -65,-67.5 -65,-67 -65,-66.5 -65,-66 -65,-65.5 -65,-65 -65,-65 -65.5,-65 -66,-65 -66.5,-65 -67,-65 -67.5,-65 -68,-65 -68.5,-65 -69,-65 -69.5,-65 -70,-65.5 -70,-66 -70,-66.5 -70,-67 -70,-67.5 -70,-68 -70,-68.5 -70,-69 -70,-69.5 -70,-70 -70,-70 -69.5,-70 -69,-70 -68.5,-70 -68,-70 -67.5,-70 -67,-70 -66.5,-70 -66,-70 -65.5,-70 -65))", "dataset_titles": "Crabeater seal oxygen stores", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601583", "doi": "10.15784/601583", "keywords": "Antarctica; Crabeater Seal; GLOBEC; Hemoglobin; LMG0104; LMG0106; LMG0204; LMG0205; Marguerite Bay; Myoglobin; Oxygen Stores; Seals", "people": "Burns, Jennifer", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Crabeater seal oxygen stores", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601583"}], "date_created": "Wed, 29 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This collaborative study between the University of California, Santa Cruz, Duke University, the University of South Florida, the University of Alaska-Anchorage, and the University of California, San Diego will examine the identification of biological and physical features associated with the abundance and distribution of individual Antarctic predators; the identification and characterization of biological \u0027hot spots\u0027 within the Western Antarctic Peninsula; and the development of temporally and spatially explicit models of krill consumption within the WAP by vertebrate predators. It is one of several data synthesis and modeling components that use the data obtained in the course of the field work of the Southern Ocean Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics (SO GLOBEC) experiment.\u003cbr/\u003eSO-Globec is a multidisciplinary effort focused on understanding the physical and biological factors that influence growth, reproduction, recruitment and survival of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The program uses a multi-trophic level approach that includes the predators and competitors of Antarctic krill, represented by other zooplankton, fish, penguins, seals, and cetaceans. It is currently in a synthesis and modeling phase. This collaborative project is concerned with understanding how predators utilize \u0027hot spots\u0027, i.e. locally intense areas of biological productivity, and how \u0027hot spots\u0027 might temporally and spatially structure krill predation rates, and will be integrated with other synthesis and modeling studies that deal with the hydrography primary production, and krill dynamics.", "east": -65.0, "geometry": "POINT(-67.5 -67.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Marguerite Bay; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS", "locations": "Marguerite Bay", "north": -65.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Burns, Jennifer; Costa, Daniel", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "Foraging Ecology of Crabeater Seals (Lobodon Carcinophagus)", "uid": "p0010345", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "2139497 Balco, Gregory", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 21 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project will conduct basic research into geological dating techniques that are useful for determining the age of glacial deposits in polar regions, Antarctica in particular. These techniques are necessary for determining how large the polar ice sheets were in the geologic past, including during past periods of warm climate that likely resemble present and near-future conditions. Thus, they represent an important technical capability needed for estimating the response of polar ice sheets to climate warming. Because changes in the size of polar ice sheets are the largest potential contribution to future global sea-level change, this capability is also relevant to understanding likely sea-level impacts of future climate change. The research in this project comprises several observational and experimental approaches to improving the speed, efficiency, cost, and accuracy of these techniques, as well as a scientific outreach program aimed at making the resulting capabilities more broadly available to other researchers. The project supports a postdoctoral scholar and contributes to human resources development in polar and climate science.\r\n\r\nThe project focuses on several areas of cosmogenic-nuclide geochemistry, which is a geochemical dating method that relies on the production and decay of cosmic-ray-produced radionuclides in surface rocks. Measurements of these nuclides can be used to quantify the duration of surface exposure and ice cover at locations in Antarctica that are covered and uncovered by changes in the size of the Antarctic ice sheets, thus providing a means of reconstructing past ice-sheet change. The first proposed set of experiments are aimed at implementing a \u0027\u0027virtual mineral separation\u0027\u0027 approach to cosmogenic noble gas analysis that may allow measurement of nuclide concentrations in certain minerals without physically separating the minerals from the host rock. If feasible, this would realize significant speed and cost improvements for this type of analysis. A second set of experiments will focus on means of identifying and quantifying non-cosmogenic background inventories of some relevant nuclides, which is intended to improve the measurement sensitivity and precision for cosmic-ray-produced inventories of these nuclides. A third focus area aims to improve capabilities to measure multiple cosmic-ray-produced nuclides in the same sample, which has the potential to improve the accuracy of dating methods based on these nuclides and to expand the situations in which these methods can be applied. If successful, these experiments are likely to improve a number of applications of cosmogenic-nuclide geochemistry relevant to Antarctic research, including subglacial bedrock exposure dating, dating of multimillion-year-old glacial deposits, and surface-process studies useful in understanding landform evolution and ecosystem dynamics.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "California; LABORATORY; AMD; GEOCHEMISTRY; Amd/Us; USAP-DC; USA/NSF", "locations": "California", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Balco, Gregory", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Targeted Basic Research to Enable Antarctic Science Applications of Cosmogenic-Nuclide Geochemistry", "uid": "p0010343", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1744771 Balco, Gregory", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "5 million year transient Antarctic ice sheet model run with \"desensitized\" marine ice margin instabilities; 5 million year transient Antarctic ice sheet model run with \"sensitized\" marine ice margin instabilities", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601602", "doi": "10.15784/601602", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Sheet Modeling; Marine Ice Margin Instability; Model Output", "people": "Buchband, Hannah; Halberstadt, Anna Ruth; Balco, Gregory", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "5 million year transient Antarctic ice sheet model run with \"sensitized\" marine ice margin instabilities", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601602"}, {"dataset_uid": "601601", "doi": "10.15784/601601", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Sheet Modeling; Marine Ice Margin Instability; Model Output", "people": "Balco, Gregory; Buchband, Hannah; Halberstadt, Anna Ruth", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "5 million year transient Antarctic ice sheet model run with \"desensitized\" marine ice margin instabilities", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601601"}], "date_created": "Tue, 21 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The purpose of this project is to use geological data that record past changes in the Antarctic ice sheets to test computer models for ice sheet change. The geologic data mainly consist of dated glacial deposits that are preserved above the level of the present ice sheet, and range in age from thousands to millions of years old. These provide information about the size, thickness, and rate of change of the ice sheets during past times when the ice sheets were larger than present. In addition, some of these data are from below the present ice surface and therefore also provide some information about past warm periods when ice sheets were most likely smaller than present. The primary purpose of the computer model is to predict future ice sheet changes, but because significant changes in the size of ice sheets are slow and likely occur over hundreds of years or longer, the only way to determine whether these models are accurate is to test their ability to reproduce past ice sheet changes. The primary purpose of this project is to carry out such a test. The research team will compile relevant geologic data, in some cases generate new data by dating additional deposits, and develop methods and software to compare data to model simulations. In addition, this project will (i) contribute to building and sustaining U.S. science capacity through postdoctoral training in geochronology, ice sheet modeling, and data science, and (ii) improve public access to geologic data and model simulations relevant to ice sheet change through online database and website development. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eTechnical aspects of this project are primarily focused on the field of cosmogenic-nuclide exposure-dating, which is a method that relies on the production of rare stable and radio-nuclides by cosmic-ray interactions with rocks and minerals exposed at the Earth\u0027s surface. Because the advance and retreat of ice sheets results in alternating cosmic-ray exposure and shielding of underlying bedrock and surficial deposits, this technique is commonly used to date and reconstruct past ice sheet changes. First, this project will contribute to compiling and systematizing a large amount of cosmogenic-nuclide exposure age data collected in Antarctica during the past three decades. Second, it will generate additional geochemical data needed to improve the extent and usefulness of measurements of stable cosmogenic nuclides, cosmogenic neon-21 in particular, that are useful for constraining ice-sheet behavior on million-year timescales. Third, it will develop a computational framework for comparison of the geologic data set with existing numerical model simulations of Antarctic ice sheet change during the past several million years, with particular emphasis on model simulations of past warm periods, for example the middle Pliocene ca. 3-3.3 million years ago, during which the Antarctic ice sheets are hypothesized to have been substantially smaller than present. Fourth, guided by the results of this comparison, it will generate new model simulations aimed at improving agreement between model simulations and geologic data, as well as diagnosing which processes or parameterizations in the models are or are not well constrained by the data.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "BERYLLIUM-10 ANALYSIS; AMD; ICE SHEETS; GLACIATION; Amd/Us; LABORATORY; USA/NSF; Antarctica; ALUMINUM-26 ANALYSIS; USAP-DC", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Balco, Gregory", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Synoptic Evaluation of Long-Term Antarctic Ice Sheet Model Simulations using a Continent-Wide Database of Cosmogenic-Nuclide Measurements", "uid": "p0010342", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1543367 Shubin, Neil", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((158.3 -77.5,158.54000000000002 -77.5,158.78 -77.5,159.02 -77.5,159.26 -77.5,159.5 -77.5,159.74 -77.5,159.98 -77.5,160.22 -77.5,160.45999999999998 -77.5,160.7 -77.5,160.7 -77.605,160.7 -77.71,160.7 -77.815,160.7 -77.92,160.7 -78.025,160.7 -78.13,160.7 -78.235,160.7 -78.34,160.7 -78.445,160.7 -78.55,160.45999999999998 -78.55,160.22 -78.55,159.98 -78.55,159.74 -78.55,159.5 -78.55,159.26 -78.55,159.02 -78.55,158.78 -78.55,158.54000000000002 -78.55,158.3 -78.55,158.3 -78.445,158.3 -78.34,158.3 -78.235,158.3 -78.13,158.3 -78.025,158.3 -77.92,158.3 -77.815,158.3 -77.71,158.3 -77.605,158.3 -77.5))", "dataset_titles": "Vertebrate Fossils from the Aztec Siltstone (Mid-Late Devonian); Vertebrate Fossils from the Aztec Siltstone (Mid-Late Devonian) 2 (2018-2019)", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601580", "doi": "10.15784/601580", "keywords": "Acanthodii; Antarctica; Chondrichthyes; Early Vertebrates; Osteolepiformes; Paleontology; Placodermi; Transantarctic Mountains; Vertebrate Evolution", "people": "Daeschler, Ted", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Vertebrate Fossils from the Aztec Siltstone (Mid-Late Devonian)", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601580"}, {"dataset_uid": "601584", "doi": "10.15784/601584", "keywords": "Acanthodii; Antarctica; Chondrichthyes; Early Vertebrates; Osteolepiformes; Paleontology; Placodermi; Transantarctic Mountains; Vertebrate Evolution", "people": "Daeschler, Ted", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Vertebrate Fossils from the Aztec Siltstone (Mid-Late Devonian) 2 (2018-2019)", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601584"}], "date_created": "Fri, 17 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This research will provide new insights into the relationships and history of sharks, fish and limbed animals. Understanding these relationships forms the backbone for both basic and applied science because fish often serve as models of human traits and diseases. Some of the main lines of evidence for these relationships come from fossils in rocks over 380 million years old that were originally deposited as ancient rivers and streams. Because rocks of this type and age are abundantly exposed along a number of the dry valleys and mountains of Antarctica, the investigation of these areas holds exceptional promise for discoveries that can have a broad impact. The fieldwork will involve geological mapping and assessment of the rocks with detailed reconnaissance for the fossils that they may hold. Fossil discoveries form the backbone for public communication of the methods and results of scientific research-- these studies will be used as vehicles for training of students at multiple levels as well as communication of science to the broader non-science citizen base.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe discovery, description, and analysis of Middle to Late Devonian (390-355 Million years ago) vertebrates and depositional environments provide important data on the emergence of novel anatomical structures, faunas, and habitats during a critical interval in the history of life and earth. Biological innovation during this time includes the early evolution of freshwater fish, the origins of major groups of vertebrates (e.g., sharks, lobe and ray-finned fish, tetrapods), and the expansion and elaboration of non-marine ecosystems. Accordingly, expanding our knowledge of vertebrate diversity during the Middle and Late Devonian will provide new evidence on the relationships of the major groups of vertebrates, the assembly of novelties that ultimately enabled tetrapods to invade land, the origin and early evolution of sharks and their relatives, and the assembly and expansion of non-marine ecosystems generally. The Aztec Siltstone of Antarctica Middle-Late Devonian; Givetian-Frasnian Stages) has exceptional potential to produce new paleontological evidence of these events and to illuminate the temporal, ecological, and geographic context in which they occurred. It is essentially fossiliferous throughout its known exposure range, something that is rare for Middle-Late Devonian non-marine rocks anywhere in the world. In addition, fine-grained meandering stream deposits are abundantly exposed in the Aztec Siltstone and are recognized as an important locus for the discovery of well-preserved Devonian fish, including stem tetrapods and their relatives. Given the exceedingly fossiliferous nature of the Aztec Siltstone, the large number of taxa known only from partial material, and the amount of promising exposure yet to be worked, a dedicated reconnaissance, collection, and research effort is designed to recover important new fossil material and embed it in a stratigraphic and sedimentological context. The first major objective of this study is the recovery, preparation, and description of Middle-Late Devonian fossil taxa. Ensuing investigation of the phylogenetic affinities, taphonomic occurrence, and stratigraphic position of fossil assemblages will allow both local and global comparisons of biotic diversity. These analyses will inform: 1) higher level phylogenetic hypotheses of jawed vertebrates, 2) biostratigraphic and biogeographic analysis of the distribution of the Middle-Late Devonian fish, and 3) paleobiological investigation of the elaboration of terrestrial and freshwater habitats. The broader impacts are derived from the utility of paleontology and Antarctic expeditionary science as educational tools with powerful narratives. Specific goals include affiliations with local urban secondary schools (using established relationships for broadening participation) and collegiate and graduate training. Wider dissemination of knowledge to the general public is a direct product of ongoing interactions with national and international media (print, television, internet).", "east": 160.7, "geometry": "POINT(159.5 -78.025)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; AMD; FIELD INVESTIGATION; Transantarctic Mountains; USA/NSF; MACROFOSSILS; Fossils; USAP-DC", "locations": "Transantarctic Mountains", "north": -77.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": "PHANEROZOIC \u003e PALEOZOIC \u003e DEVONIAN", "persons": "Shubin, Neil; Daeschler, Edward B", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.55, "title": "Middle-Late Devonian Vertebrates of Antarctica", "uid": "p0010340", "west": 158.3}, {"awards": "1643669 Petrenko, Vasilii; 1643716 Buizert, Christo; 1643664 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((112 -66,112.2 -66,112.4 -66,112.6 -66,112.8 -66,113 -66,113.2 -66,113.4 -66,113.6 -66,113.8 -66,114 -66,114 -66.1,114 -66.2,114 -66.3,114 -66.4,114 -66.5,114 -66.6,114 -66.7,114 -66.8,114 -66.9,114 -67,113.8 -67,113.6 -67,113.4 -67,113.2 -67,113 -67,112.8 -67,112.6 -67,112.4 -67,112.2 -67,112 -67,112 -66.9,112 -66.8,112 -66.7,112 -66.6,112 -66.5,112 -66.4,112 -66.3,112 -66.2,112 -66.1,112 -66))", "dataset_titles": "Concentration and isotopic composition of atmospheric N2O over the last century; Law Dome DE08-OH firn air 15N, O2/N2, Ar/N2, 18O of O2; Law Dome DE08-OH site noble gases in ice: testing the 86Krexcess proxy", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601597", "doi": "10.15784/601597", "keywords": "Antarctica; Ice Core; Law Dome; Noble Gas", "people": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Law Dome DE08-OH site noble gases in ice: testing the 86Krexcess proxy", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601597"}, {"dataset_uid": "601598", "doi": "10.15784/601598", "keywords": "Antarctica; Firn; Firn Density; Gravitational Settling; Inert Gases; Law Dome", "people": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Law Dome DE08-OH firn air 15N, O2/N2, Ar/N2, 18O of O2", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601598"}, {"dataset_uid": "601693", "doi": "10.15784/601693", "keywords": "Antarctic; Antarctica; Anthropogenic Emission; Atmosphere; Greenhouse Gas; Greenland; Ice Core Data; Nitrification And Denitrification Processes; Nitrous Oxide; Site-Specific 15N Isotopomer; Styx Glacier", "people": "Buizert, Christo ; Toyoda, Sakae ; Ghosh, Sambit; Yoshida, Naohiro ; Ahn, Jinho ; Joong Kim, Seong; Etheridge, David; Langenfelds, Ray L ", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Concentration and isotopic composition of atmospheric N2O over the last century", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601693"}], "date_created": "Fri, 17 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Hydroxyl radicals are responsible for removal of most atmospheric trace gases, including pollutants and important greenhouse gases. They have been called the \"detergent of the atmosphere\". Changes in hydroxyl radical concentration in response to large changes in reactive trace gas emissions, which may happen in the future, are uncertain. This project aims to provide the first estimates of the variability of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals since about 1880 AD when anthropogenic emissions of reactive trace gases were minimal. This will improve understanding of their stability in response to large changes in emissions. The project will also investigate whether ice cores record past changes in Southern Hemisphere westerly winds. These winds are a key component of the global climate system, and have an important influence on ocean circulation and possibly on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. The project team will include three early career scientists, a postdoctoral researcher, and graduate and undergraduate students, working in collaboration with senior scientists and Australian collaborators. \u003cbr/\u003e \u003cbr/\u003eFirn air and shallow ice to a depth of about 233 m will be sampled at the Law Dome high-accumulation coastal site in East Antarctica. Trapped air will be extracted from the ice cores on site immediately after drilling. Carbon-14 of carbon monoxide (14CO) will be analyzed in firn and ice-core air samples. Corrections will be made for the in situ cosmogenic 14CO component in the ice, allowing for the atmospheric 14CO history to be reconstructed. This 14CO history will be interpreted with the aid of a chemistry-transport model to place the first observational constraints on the variability of Southern Hemisphere hydroxyl radical concentration after about 1880 AD. An additional component of the project will analyze Krypton-86 in the firn-air and ice-core samples. These measurements will explore whether ice-core Krypton-86 acts as a proxy for barometric pressure variability, and whether this proxy can be used in Antarctic ice cores to infer past movement of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 114.0, "geometry": "POINT(113 -66.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES; Law Dome; Amd/Us; USAP-DC; LABORATORY; ICE CORE AIR BUBBLES; USA/NSF", "locations": "Law Dome", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Petrenko, Vasilii; Murray, Lee T; Buizert, Christo; Petrenko, Vasilii; Murray, Lee T", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing Carbon-14 of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide from Law Dome, Antarctica to Constrain Long-Term Hydroxyl Radical Variability", "uid": "p0010341", "west": 112.0}, {"awards": "2201129 Fischer, Karen", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 14 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The western portion of the Antarctic continent is active in terms of plate tectonic processes that can produce significant variations in the Earth\u0027s mantle temperature as well as partial melting of the mantle. In addition to these internal processes, the ice sheet in western Antarctica is melting due to Earth\u0027s warming climate and adding water to the ocean. These changes in ice mass cause adjustments in rocks within the Earth\u0027s crust, allowing the surface to rebound in some locations and fall in others, altering the geographical pattern of sea-level change. However, the solid Earth response depends strongly on the strength of the rocks at a wide range of timescales which is not well-known and varies with temperature and other rock properties. This project has three primary goals. (1) It will assess how processes such as rifting, mantle upwelling and lithospheric instability have altered the lithosphere and underlying asthenosphere of western Antarctica, contributing to a planet-wide understanding of these processes. (2) It will use new measurements of mantle and crust properties to estimate the rate at which heat from the solid Earth flows into the base of the ice, which is important for modeling the rates at which the ice melts and flows. (3) It will places bounds on mantle viscosity, which is key for modeling the interaction of the solid Earth with changing ice and water masses and their implications for sea-level rise. To accomplish these goals, new resolution of crust and mantle structure will be obtained by analyzing seismic waves from distant earthquakes that have been recorded at numerous seismic stations in Antarctica. These analyses will include new combinations of seismic wave data that provide complementary information about mantle temperature, heat flow and viscosity. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eTechnical Description: This research addresses key questions about mantle processes and properties in western Antarctica. What are the relative impacts of rifting, mantle plumes, and lithospheric delamination in the evolution of the lithosphere and asthenosphere? Where is topography isostatically compensated, and where are dynamic processes such as plate flexure or tractions from 3-D mantle flow required? What are the bounds on heat flow and mantle viscosity, which represent important inputs to models of ice sheet evolution and its feedback from the solid Earth? To address these questions, this project will measure mantle and crust properties using seismic tools that have not yet been applied in Antarctica: regional-scale measurement of mantle attenuation from surface waves; Sp body wave phases to image mantle velocity gradients such as the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary; and surface wave amplification and ellipticity. The resulting models of seismic attenuation and velocity will be jointly interpreted to shed new light on temperature, bulk composition, volatile content, and partial melt, using a range of laboratory-derived constitutive laws, while considering data from mantle xenoliths. To test the relative roles of rifting, mantle plumes, and delamination, and to assess isostatic support for Antarctic topography, the predictions of these processes will be compared to the new models of crust and mantle properties. To improve bounds on western Antarctic heat flow, seismic attenuation and velocity will be used in empirical comparisons and in direct modeling of vertical temperature gradients. To better measure mantle viscosity at the timescales of glacial isostatic adjustment, frequency-dependent viscosity will be estimated from the inferred mantle conditions. \u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThis project will contribute to the education and career development of a Brown University Ph.D. student, Brown undergraduates, and undergraduates from outside the university who will be involved through the Department of Earth, Environmental and Planetary Sciences (DEEPS) Leadership Alliance NSF Research Experience for Undergraduates (REU) Site which focuses on geoscience summer research experiences for underrepresented students. The project will be the basis for a seminar at Brown that explores the connections between the solid Earth and cryosphere in Antarctica and will contribute to outreach in local public elementary and high schools.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e MAGNETIC/MOTION SENSORS \u003e SEISMOMETERS \u003e SEISMOGRAPHS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; West Antarctica; USA/NSF; SEISMIC SURFACE WAVES; AMD; PLATE TECTONICS; Amd/Us; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; FIELD INVESTIGATION", "locations": "West Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Fischer, Karen; Dalton, Colleen", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Probing the Western Antarctic Lithosphere and Asthenosphere with New Approaches to Imaging Seismic Wave Attenuation and Velocity", "uid": "p0010339", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2032029 Gerken, Sarah", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-70 -62,-68.5 -62,-67 -62,-65.5 -62,-64 -62,-62.5 -62,-61 -62,-59.5 -62,-58 -62,-56.5 -62,-55 -62,-55 -62.8,-55 -63.6,-55 -64.4,-55 -65.2,-55 -66,-55 -66.8,-55 -67.6,-55 -68.4,-55 -69.2,-55 -70,-56.5 -70,-58 -70,-59.5 -70,-61 -70,-62.5 -70,-64 -70,-65.5 -70,-67 -70,-68.5 -70,-70 -70,-70 -69.2,-70 -68.4,-70 -67.6,-70 -66.8,-70 -66,-70 -65.2,-70 -64.4,-70 -63.6,-70 -62.8,-70 -62))", "dataset_titles": "Expedition Data of NBP2303; Invertebrate Zoology", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200386", "doi": null, "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "Expedition Data of NBP2303", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/NBP2303"}, {"dataset_uid": "200385", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa", "science_program": null, "title": "Invertebrate Zoology", "url": "https://arctos.database.museum/"}], "date_created": "Mon, 13 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ocean communities play an important role in determining the natural and human impacts of global change. The most conspicuous members of those communities are generally large vertebrates such as marine mammals and sea birds. But smaller animals often determine how the changes impact those charismatic animals. In the Antarctic, where some of the most dramatic physical changes are taking place, we do not know much about what small animals exist. This project will sample the sub-Antarctic and three different Antarctic seas with a hope of identifying, quantifying and discovering the variation in species of a group of small invertebrates. Comma shrimp, also called cumaceans, are rarely seen elsewhere but may be common and important in the communities of these locations. Antarctic sampling traditionally used gear that was not very effective at catching cumaceans so we do not know what species exist there and how common they are. This study will utilize modern sampling methods that will allow comma shrimp to be sampled. This will lead to discoveries about the diversity and abundance of comma shrimp, as well as their relationship to other invertebrate species. Major impacts of this work will be an enhancement of museum collections, the development of description of all the comma shrimp of Antarctica including new and unnamed species. Those contributions may be especially important as we strive to understand what drives the dynamics of charismatic vertebrates and fisheries that are tied to Antarctic food webs. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis project will collect cumaceans from benthic samples from the Antarctic peninsula, Bransfield Strait, and the Weddell Sea using benthic sleds, boxcores and megacores. Specimens will be fixed in 95% ethanol, preserved in 95% ethanol and 5% glycerin to preserve both morphology and DNA, and some specimens will be partially or wholly preserved in RNALater to preserve RNA and DNA. The specimens will form the basis for a monograph synthesizing current knowledge on the Subantarctic and Antarctic Cumacea, including diagnoses of all species, descriptions of new species, additional description for currently unknown life stages of known species, and vouchered gene sequences for all species collected. The monograph will include keys to all families, genera and species known from the region. Monographic revisions that include identification resources are typically useful for decades to a broad spectrum of other scientists.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -55.0, "geometry": "POINT(-62.5 -66)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; NSF/USA; ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES; SHIPS; USAP-DC; NBP2303; Weddell Sea; Amd/Us; Antarctic Peninsula", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Weddell Sea", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Gerken, Sarah", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e SHIPS", "repo": "R2R", "repositories": "Alabama Museum of Natural History, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa; R2R", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "RAPID: Monographing the Antarctic and Subantarctic Cumacea", "uid": "p0010338", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1643436 Donohoe, Aaron", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Partionining of CERES planetary albedo between atmospheric and surface reflection", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601579", "doi": "10.15784/601579", "keywords": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "people": "Donohoe, Aaron", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Partionining of CERES planetary albedo between atmospheric and surface reflection", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601579"}], "date_created": "Fri, 10 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The key scientific question of this project is: what mechanism is the dominant driver of Southern Ocean (SO) sea ice variability and long-term trends in nature? Our primary goal is to understand the processes that drive SO sea ice loss over the observational record and identify which models get the physics right. Although our primary focus is on mechanisms of long-term sea ice loss, the observational record includes rich information at shorter timescales which are better sampled and may elucidate the relevant physics. Thus, our analysis of mechanisms of sea ice variability spans time scales ranging from days (synoptic) to inter-annual variability to long-term trends to identify model biases in the physics that drive SO sea ice loss events.\r\n\r\nWe divided our work into explorations of 5 major topics \r\n1. Identifying model biases in high frequency sea ice variability in the Southern Ocean\r\n2. Identifying model biases in radiative impact of sea ice loss events\r\n3. Disentangling the roles of winds and sea surface temperature on the observational record of Southern Ocean sea ice\r\n4. Quantifying the degree to which Southern Ocean sea ice loss is remotely forced by the influence of the tropics and mid-latitudes and, conversely, how much much influence does the Southern Ocean have on the tropics \r\n5. Analyzing the impact of atmospheric heat transport on sea ice loss \r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; AMD; Amd/Us; SEA ICE; United States Of America; COMPUTERS; ATMOSPHERIC WINDS; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; NSF/USA", "locations": "United States Of America", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Donohoe, Aaron; Schweiger, Axel", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e COMPUTERS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "What Processes Drive Southern Ocean Sea Ice Variability and Trends? Insights from the Energy Budget of the Coupled Cryosphere-ocean-atmosphere System", "uid": "p0010336", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1745068 Booth, Robert; 1745082 Beilman, David", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-64.4 -62.4,-63.910000000000004 -62.4,-63.42 -62.4,-62.93000000000001 -62.4,-62.440000000000005 -62.4,-61.95 -62.4,-61.46 -62.4,-60.97 -62.4,-60.480000000000004 -62.4,-59.99 -62.4,-59.5 -62.4,-59.5 -62.7,-59.5 -63,-59.5 -63.3,-59.5 -63.6,-59.5 -63.900000000000006,-59.5 -64.2,-59.5 -64.5,-59.5 -64.80000000000001,-59.5 -65.10000000000001,-59.5 -65.4,-59.99 -65.4,-60.480000000000004 -65.4,-60.97 -65.4,-61.46 -65.4,-61.95 -65.4,-62.440000000000005 -65.4,-62.93000000000001 -65.4,-63.42 -65.4,-63.910000000000004 -65.4,-64.4 -65.4,-64.4 -65.10000000000001,-64.4 -64.80000000000001,-64.4 -64.5,-64.4 -64.2,-64.4 -63.900000000000006,-64.4 -63.6,-64.4 -63.3,-64.4 -63,-64.4 -62.7,-64.4 -62.4))", "dataset_titles": "LMG2002 Expedtition Data", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200222", "doi": "10.7284/908802", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "LMG2002 Expedtition Data", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/LMG2002"}], "date_created": "Fri, 10 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Warming on the western Antarctic Peninsula in the later 20th century has caused widespread changes in the cryosphere (ice and snow) and terrestrial ecosystems. These recent changes along with longer-term climate and ecosystem histories will be deciphered using peat deposits. Peat accumulation can be used to assess the rate of glacial retreat and provide insight into ecological processes on newly deglaciated landscapes in the Antarctic Peninsula. This project builds on data suggesting recent ecosystem transformations that are linked to past climate of the western Antarctic Peninsula and provide a timeline to assess the extent and rate of recent glacial change. The study will produce a climate record for the coastal low-elevation terrestrial region, which will refine the major climate shifts of up to 6 degrees C in the recent past (last 12,000 years). A novel terrestrial record of the recent glacial history will provide insight into observed changes in climate and sea-ice dynamics in the western Antarctic Peninsula and allow for comparison with off-shore climate records captured in sediments. Observations and discoveries from this project will be disseminated to local schools and science centers. The project provides training and career development for a postdoctoral scientist as well as graduate and undergraduate students.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe research presents a new systematic survey to reconstruct ecosystem and climate change for the coastal low-elevation areas on the western Antarctic Peninsula (AP) using proxy records preserved in late Holocene peat deposits. Moss and peat samples will be collected and analyzed to generate a comprehensive data set of late-Holocene climate change and ecosystem dynamics. The goal is to document and understand the transformations of landscape and terrestrial ecosystems on the western AP during the late Holocene. The testable hypothesis is that coastal regions have experienced greater climate variability than evidenced in ice-core records and that past warmth has facilitated dramatic ecosystem and cryosphere response. A primary product of the project is a robust reconstruction of late Holocene climate changes for coastal low-elevation terrestrial areas using multiple lines of evidence from peat-based biological and geochemical proxies, which will be used to compare with climate records derived from marine sediments and ice cores from the AP region. These data will be used to test several ideas related to novel peat-forming ecosystems (such as Antarctic hairgrass bogs) in past warmer climates and climate controls over ecosystem establishment and migration to help assess the nature of the Little Ice Age cooling and cryosphere response. The chronology of peat cores will be established by radiocarbon dating of macrofossils and Bayesian modeling. The high-resolution time series of ecosystem and climate changes will help put the observed recent changes into a long-term context to bridge climate dynamics over different time scales.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -59.5, "geometry": "POINT(-61.95 -63.900000000000006)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CORERS \u003e SEDIMENT CORERS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS; ISOTOPES; USAP-DC; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; SEDIMENTS; Amd/Us; FIELD INVESTIGATION; Antarctic Peninsula; AMD; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; USA/NSF; RADIOCARBON", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -62.4, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Beilman, David; Booth, Robert", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repo": "R2R", "repositories": "R2R", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.4, "title": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing Late Holocene Ecosystem and Climate Shifts from Peat Records in the Western Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "p0010337", "west": -64.4}, {"awards": "1947558 Leckie, Robert; 1947646 Shevenell, Amelia; 1947657 Dodd, Justin", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -72.5,-177.6 -72.5,-175.2 -72.5,-172.8 -72.5,-170.4 -72.5,-168 -72.5,-165.6 -72.5,-163.2 -72.5,-160.8 -72.5,-158.4 -72.5,-156 -72.5,-156 -73.15,-156 -73.8,-156 -74.45,-156 -75.1,-156 -75.75,-156 -76.4,-156 -77.05,-156 -77.7,-156 -78.35,-156 -79,-158.4 -79,-160.8 -79,-163.2 -79,-165.6 -79,-168 -79,-170.4 -79,-172.8 -79,-175.2 -79,-177.6 -79,180 -79,178.4 -79,176.8 -79,175.2 -79,173.6 -79,172 -79,170.4 -79,168.8 -79,167.2 -79,165.6 -79,164 -79,164 -78.35,164 -77.7,164 -77.05,164 -76.4,164 -75.75,164 -75.1,164 -74.45,164 -73.8,164 -73.15,164 -72.5,165.6 -72.5,167.2 -72.5,168.8 -72.5,170.4 -72.5,172 -72.5,173.6 -72.5,175.2 -72.5,176.8 -72.5,178.4 -72.5,-180 -72.5))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Wed, 08 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Presently, Antarctica\u0027s glaciers are melting as Earth\u0027s atmosphere and the Southern Ocean warm. Not much is known about how Antarctica\u0027s ice sheets might respond to ongoing and future warming, but such knowledge is important because Antarctica\u0027s ice sheets might raise global sea levels significantly with continued melting. Over time, mud accumulates on the sea floor around Antarctica that is composed of the skeletons and debris of microscopic marine organisms and sediment from the adjacent continent. As this mud is deposited, it creates a record of past environmental and ecological changes, including ocean depth, glacier advance and retreat, ocean temperature, ocean circulation, marine ecosystems, ocean chemistry, and continental weathering. Scientists interested in understanding how Antarctica\u0027s glaciers and ice sheets might respond to ongoing warming can use a variety of physical, biological, and chemical analyses of these mud archives to determine how long ago the mud was deposited and how the ice sheets, oceans, and marine ecosystems responded during intervals in the past when Earth\u0027s climate was warmer. In this project, researchers from the University of South Florida, University of Massachusetts, and Northern Illinois University will reconstruct the depth, ocean temperature, weathering and nutrient input, and marine ecosystems in the central Ross Sea from ~17 to 13 million years ago, when the warm Miocene Climate Optimum transitioned to a cooler interval with more extensive ice sheets. Record will be generated from new sediments recovered during the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 374 and legacy sequences recovered in the 1970?s during the Deep Sea Drilling Program. Results will be integrated into ice sheet and climate models to improve the accuracy of predictions. ", "east": -156.0, "geometry": "POINT(-176 -75.75)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; LABORATORY; AMD; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; Ross Sea; USAP-DC; USA/NSF", "locations": "Ross Sea", "north": -72.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Shevenell, Amelia", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -79.0, "title": "Collaborative Proposal: Miocene Climate Extremes: A Ross Sea Perspective from IODP Expedition 374 and DSDP Leg 28 Marine Sediments", "uid": "p0010335", "west": 164.0}, {"awards": "2203487 Ben Mansour, Walid", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 06 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The thermochemical structure of the lithosphere beneath Antarctica is fundamental for understanding the geological evolution of the continent and its relationship to surrounding Gondwana continents. In addition, the thermal structure controls the solid earth response to glacial unloading, with important implications for ice sheet models and the future of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. However, it is challenging to get an accurate picture of temperature and composition from only sparse petrological/geochemical analysis, and most previous attempts to solve this problem geophysically have relied on seismic or gravity data alone. Here, we propose to use a probabilistic joint inversion (high resolution regional seismic data, satellite gravity data, topography) and petrological modelling approach to determine the 3D thermochemical structure of the mantle. The inversion will be carried out using a Markov-chain Bayesian Monte Carlo methodology, providing quantitative estimates of uncertainties. Mapping the 3-D thermochemical structure (thermal and composition) will provide a comprehensive view of the horizontal (50-100 km resolution) and vertical (from the surface down to 380 km) variations. This new model will give us the temperature variation from the surface down to 380 km and the degree of depletion of the lithospheric mantle and the sub-lithospheric mantle. This new model will also be compared to recent models of Gondwana terranes 200 Myrs to build a new model of the thermochemical evolution of the cratonic mantle. The new thermal and chemical structures can be used to better understand the geothermal heat flux beneath the ice sheet as well as improve glacial isostatic adjustment and ice sheet models.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; GRAVITY FIELD; AMD; COMPUTERS; GEOCHEMISTRY; PLATE BOUNDARIES; Amd/Us; SEISMIC SURFACE WAVES; USA/NSF; USAP-DC", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Ben-Mansour, Walid; Wiens, Douglas", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e COMPUTERS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Thermal and Compositional Structure of Antarctica from Probabilistic Joint Inversion of Seismic, Gravity, and Topography Data and Petrological Modelling", "uid": "p0010334", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1951090 Stukel, Michael", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-80 -63,-78.2 -63,-76.4 -63,-74.6 -63,-72.8 -63,-71 -63,-69.2 -63,-67.4 -63,-65.6 -63,-63.8 -63,-62 -63,-62 -63.7,-62 -64.4,-62 -65.1,-62 -65.8,-62 -66.5,-62 -67.2,-62 -67.9,-62 -68.6,-62 -69.3,-62 -70,-63.8 -70,-65.6 -70,-67.4 -70,-69.2 -70,-71 -70,-72.8 -70,-74.6 -70,-76.4 -70,-78.2 -70,-80 -70,-80 -69.3,-80 -68.6,-80 -67.9,-80 -67.2,-80 -66.5,-80 -65.8,-80 -65.1,-80 -64.4,-80 -63.7,-80 -63))", "dataset_titles": "BCO-DMO Project Page", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200294", "doi": null, "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "BCO-DMO Project Page", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/project/838048"}], "date_created": "Fri, 03 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Algae in the surface ocean convert carbon dioxide into organic carbon through photosynthesis. The biological carbon pump transports this organic carbon from the atmosphere to the deep ocean where it can be stored for tens to hundreds of years. Annually, the amount transported is similar to that humans are currently emitting by burning fossil fuels. However, at present we cannot predict how this important process will change with a warming ocean. These investigators plan to develop a 15+ year time-series of vertical carbon transfer for the Western Antarctic Peninsula; a highly productive Antarctic ecosystem. This region is also rapid transition to warmer temperatures leading to reduced sea ice coverage. This work will help researchers better understand how the carbon cycle in the Western Antarctic Peninsula will respond to climate change. The researchers will develop the first large-scale time-series of carbon flux anywhere in the ocean. This research will also support the education and training of a graduate student and support the integration of concepts in Antarctic research into two undergraduate courses designed for non-science majors and advanced earth science students. The researchers will also develop educational modules for introducing elementary and middle-school age students to important concepts such as gross and net primary productivity, feedbacks in the marine and atmospheric systems, and the differences between correlation and causation. Results from this proposal will also be incorporated into a children?s book, ?Plankton do the Strangest Things?, that is targeted at 5-7 year olds and is designed to introduce them to the incredible diversity and fascinating adaptations of microscopic marine organisms.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e This research seeks to leverage 6 years (2015-2020) of 234Th samples collected on Palmer LTER program, 5 years of prior measurements (2009-2010, 2012-2014), and upcoming cruises (2021-2023) to develop a time-series of summertime particle flux in the WAP that stretches for 15 years. The 238U-234Th disequilibrium approach utilizes changes in the activity of the particle-active radio-isotope 234Th relative to its parent nuclide 238U to quantify the flux of sinking carbon out of the surface ocean (over a time-scale of ~one month). This proposal will fund 234Th analyses from nine years? worth of cruises (2015-2023) and extensive analyses designed to investigate the processes driving inter-annual variability in the BCP. These include: 1) physical modeling to quantify the importance of advection and diffusion in the 234Th budget, 2) time-series analyses of particle flux, and 3) statistical modeling of the relationships between particle flux and multiple presumed drivers (biological, chemical, physical, and climate indices) measured by collaborators in the Palmer LTER program. This multi-faceted approach is critical for linking the measurements to models and for predicting responses to climate change. It will also test the hypothesis that export flux is decreasing in the northern WAP, increasing in the southern WAP, and increasing when integrated over the entire region as a result of earlier sea ice retreat and a larger ice-free zone. The project will also investigate relationships between carbon export and multiple potentially controlling factors including: primary productivity, algal biomass and taxonomic composition, biological oxygen saturation, zooplankton biomass and taxonomic composition, bacterial production, temperature, wintertime sea ice extent, date of sea ice retreat, and climate modes.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -62.0, "geometry": "POINT(-71 -66.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; AMD; FIELD INVESTIGATION; Palmer Station; USAP-DC; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; USA/NSF", "locations": "Palmer Station", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Stukel, Michael", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repo": "BCO-DMO", "repositories": "BCO-DMO", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "Quantifying Processes Driving Interannual Variability in the Biological Carbon Pump in the Western Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "p0010332", "west": -80.0}, {"awards": "2055455 Duhaime, Melissa", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 03 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Part 1: Non-technical description:\r\nIt is well known that the Southern Ocean plays an important role in global carbon cycling and also receives a disproportionately large influence of climate change. The role of marine viruses on ocean productivity is largely understudied, especially in this global region. This team proposes to use combination of genomics, flow cytometry, and network modeling to test the hypothesis that viral biogeography, infection networks, and viral impacts on microbial metabolism can explain variations in net community production (NCP) and carbon cycling in the Southern Ocean. The project includes the training of a postdoctoral scholar, graduate students and undergraduate students. It also includes the development of a new Polar Sci ReachOut program in partnership with the University of Michigan Museum of Natural History especially targeted to middle-school students and teachers and the general public. The team will also produce a Science for Tomorrow (SFT) program for use in middle schools in metro-Detroit communities and lead a summer Research Experience for Teachers (RET) fellows. \r\n\r\nPart 2: Technical description: \r\nThe study will leverage hundreds of existing samples collected for microbes and viruses from the Antarctic Circumpolar Expedition (ACE). These samples provide the first contiguous survey of viral diversity and microbial communities around Antarctica. Viral networks are being studied in the context of biogeochemical data to model community networks and predict net community production (NCP), which will provide a way to evaluate the role of viruses in Southern Ocean carbon cycling. Using cutting edge molecular and flow cytometry approaches, this project addresses the following questions: 1) How/why are Southern Ocean viral populations distributed across environmental gradients? 2a) Do viruses interfere with \"keystone\" metabolic pathways and biogeochemical processes of microbial communities in the Southern Ocean? 2b) Does nutrient availability or other environmental variables drive changes in virus-microbe infection networks in the Southern Ocean? Results will be used to develop and evaluate generative models of NCP predictions that incorporate the importance of viral traits and virus-host interactions.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Southern Ocean; Amd/Us; AMD; FIELD INVESTIGATION; USA/NSF; AQUATIC SCIENCES; BACTERIA/ARCHAEA; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; VIRUSES; USAP-DC", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Duhaime, Melissa; Zaman, Luis", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "ANT LIA - Viral Ecogenomics of the Southern Ocean: Unifying Omics and Ecological Networks to Advance our Understanding of Antarctic Microbial Ecosystem Function", "uid": "p0010333", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1945127 Moffat, Carlos", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 03 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Freshwater discharges from melting high-latitude continental ice glacial reserves strongly control salt budgets, circulation and associated ocean water mass formation arising from polar ice shelves. These are different in nature than freshwater inputs associated with riverine coastal inputs. The PI proposes an observational deployment to measure a specific, previously-identified example of a coastal freshwater-driven current, the Antarctic Peninsula Coastal Current (APCC). \u003cbr/\u003e \u003cbr/\u003eThe research component of this CAREER project aims to improve understanding of the dynamics of freshwater discharge around the Antarctic continent. Associated research questions pertain to the i) controls on the cross- and along-shelf spreading of fresh, buoyant coastal currents, ii) the role of distributed coastal freshwater sources (as opposed to \u0027point\u0027 source river outflow sources typical of lower latitudes), and iii) the contribution of these coastal currents to water mass transformation and heat transfer on the continental shelf. An educational CAREER program component leverages a series of field experiences and research outputs including data, model outputs, and theory, to bring polar science to the classroom and the general public, as well as training a new polar scientist. This combined strategy will allow the investigator to lay the foundation for a successful academic career as a researcher and teacher at the University of Delaware. The project will also provide the opportunity to train a PhD student. Informal outreach efforts will include giving public lectures at University of Deleware\u0027s sponsored events, including Coast Day, a summer event that attracts 8000-10000 people, and remote lectures from the field using an existing outreach network. This proposal requires fieldwork in the Antarctic.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; R/V LMG; TURBULENCE; USAP-DC; OCEAN CURRENTS; Antarctic Peninsula; AMD; USA/NSF; HEAT FLUX", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Moffat, Carlos", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e R/V LMG", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "CAREER: The Transformation, Cross-shore Export, and along-shore Transport of Freshwater on Antarctic Shelves", "uid": "p0010330", "west": null}, {"awards": "1443637 Zakon, Harold", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Evolutionary analysis of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in notothenioid fishes; Functional characterization of temperature activated ion channels from Antarctic fishes; TagSeq tissue specific expression data for Antarctic Harpagifer antarcticus and tropical African cichlid Astatotilapia (Haplochromis) burtoni", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200292", "doi": "10.18738/T8/NXGNEI", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Texas Data Repository", "science_program": null, "title": "Evolutionary analysis of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels in notothenioid fishes", "url": "https://doi.org/10.18738/T8/NXGNEI"}, {"dataset_uid": "601695", "doi": "10.15784/601695", "keywords": "Antarctica; Notothenioid; Southern Ocean", "people": "York, Julia", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Functional characterization of temperature activated ion channels from Antarctic fishes", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601695"}, {"dataset_uid": "200293", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "GenBank", "science_program": null, "title": "TagSeq tissue specific expression data for Antarctic Harpagifer antarcticus and tropical African cichlid Astatotilapia (Haplochromis) burtoni", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA758918"}], "date_created": "Fri, 03 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "We studied the molecular evolution and physiology of two types of ion channels: voltage gated potassium channels and transient receptor potential (TRP) channels. We also studied the molecular evolution and expression of water-passing channels, the aquaporins, to determine if these show signs of evolutionary change in notothenioids. \r\n\r\nWe noted apparent amino acid substitutions at a number of sites in a muscle-expressing\r\npotassium channel (Kv1.3). We were surprised to find that although the AAs at these sites\r\nappeared highly conserved in teleosts and even in tetrapods, reverting them singly, in pairs,\r\nor all together back to the ancestral condition had no effect on the biophysical properties of\r\nthe channels that we measured (voltage-sensitivity; rate of activation) at room temperature\r\nas well as over a range of temperatures down to 4oC.\r\n\r\nThe results for the TRP channels and aquaporins can be accessed in their publications. York and Zakon (2022) in Genome Biology and Evolution, and two forthcoming papers.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; USAP-DC; USA/NSF; FIELD INVESTIGATION; AMD; FISHERIES", "locations": null, "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Zakon, Harold", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repo": "Texas Data Repository", "repositories": "GenBank; Texas Data Repository; USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Analysis of Voltage-gated Ion Channels in Antarctic Fish", "uid": "p0010331", "west": null}, {"awards": "2141555 Brooks, Cassandra", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -71.5,-177.1 -71.5,-174.2 -71.5,-171.3 -71.5,-168.4 -71.5,-165.5 -71.5,-162.6 -71.5,-159.7 -71.5,-156.8 -71.5,-153.9 -71.5,-151 -71.5,-151 -72.25,-151 -73,-151 -73.75,-151 -74.5,-151 -75.25,-151 -76,-151 -76.75,-151 -77.5,-151 -78.25,-151 -79,-153.9 -79,-156.8 -79,-159.7 -79,-162.6 -79,-165.5 -79,-168.4 -79,-171.3 -79,-174.2 -79,-177.1 -79,180 -79,178.1 -79,176.2 -79,174.3 -79,172.4 -79,170.5 -79,168.6 -79,166.7 -79,164.8 -79,162.9 -79,161 -79,161 -78.25,161 -77.5,161 -76.75,161 -76,161 -75.25,161 -74.5,161 -73.75,161 -73,161 -72.25,161 -71.5,162.9 -71.5,164.8 -71.5,166.7 -71.5,168.6 -71.5,170.5 -71.5,172.4 -71.5,174.3 -71.5,176.2 -71.5,178.1 -71.5,-180 -71.5))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 27 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Ross Sea, Antarctica, is one of the last large intact marine ecosystems left in the world, yet is facing increasing pressure from commercial fisheries and environmental change. It is the most productive stretch of the Southern Ocean, supporting an array of marine life, including Antarctic toothfish the regions top fish predator. While a commercial fishery for toothfish continues to grow in the Ross Sea, fundamental knowledge gaps remain regarding toothfish ecology and the impacts of toothfish fishing on the broader Ross Sea ecosystem. Recognizing the global value of the Ross Sea, a large (\u003e2 million km2) marine protected area was adopted by the multi-national Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources in 2016. This research will fill a critical gap in the knowledge of Antarctic toothfish and deepen understanding of biological-physical interactions for fish ecology, while contributing to knowledge of impacts of fishing and environmental change on the Ross Sea system. This work will further provide innovative tools for studying connectivity among geographically distinct fish populations and for synthesizing and assessing the efficacy of a large-scale marine protected area. In developing an integrated research and education program in engaged scholarship, this project seeks to train the next generation of scholars to engage across the science-policy-public interface, engage with Southern Ocean stakeholders throughout the research process, and to deepen the publics appreciation of the Antarctic. \r\n\r\nA major research priority among Ross Sea scientists is to better understand the life history of the Antarctic toothfish and test the efficacy of the Ross Sea Marine Protected Area (MPA) in protecting against the impacts of overfishing and climate change. Like growth rings of a tree, fish ear bones, called otoliths, develop annual layers of calcium carbonate that incorporates elements from their environment. Otoliths offer information on the fishs growth and the surrounding ocean conditions. Hypothesizing that much of the Antarctic toothfish life cycle is structured by ocean circulation, this research employs a multi-disciplinary approach combining age and growth work with otolith chemistry testing, while also utilizing GIS mapping. The project will measure life history parameters as well as trace elements and stable isotopes in otoliths in three distinct sets collected over the last four decades in the Ross Sea. The information will be used to quantify the transport pathways Antarctic toothfish use across their life history, and across time, in the Ross Sea. The project will assess if toothfish populations from the Ross Sea are connected more widely across the Antarctic. By comparing life history and otolith chemistry data across time, the researchers will assess change in life history parameters and spatial dynamics and seek to infer if these changes are driven by fishing or climate change. Spatially mapping of these data will allow an assessment of the efficacy of the Ross Sea MPA in protecting toothfish and where further protections might be needed.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -151.0, "geometry": "POINT(-175 -75.25)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; USA/NSF; FIELD INVESTIGATION; USAP-DC; AMD; FISHERIES; Ross Sea", "locations": "Ross Sea", "north": -71.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Brooks, Cassandra", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -79.0, "title": "CAREER: Using Otolith Chemistry to Reveal the Life History of Antarctic Toothfish in the Ross Sea, Antarctica: Testing Fisheries and Climate Change Impacts on a Top Fish Predator", "uid": "p0010329", "west": 161.0}, {"awards": "2037670 Heine, John; 2037598 Alberto, Filipe", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((162 -76,162.8 -76,163.6 -76,164.4 -76,165.2 -76,166 -76,166.8 -76,167.6 -76,168.4 -76,169.2 -76,170 -76,170 -76.3,170 -76.6,170 -76.9,170 -77.2,170 -77.5,170 -77.8,170 -78.1,170 -78.4,170 -78.7,170 -79,169.2 -79,168.4 -79,167.6 -79,166.8 -79,166 -79,165.2 -79,164.4 -79,163.6 -79,162.8 -79,162 -79,162 -78.7,162 -78.4,162 -78.1,162 -77.8,162 -77.5,162 -77.2,162 -76.9,162 -76.6,162 -76.3,162 -76))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 23 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Collaborative Research: Biogeography, population genetics, and ecology of two common species of fleshy red algae in McMurdo Sound\r\n\r\nClimate change is predicted to increase the period of fast ice-free conditions in polar habitats. As early colonizers, macroalgae may take advantage of increased light availability to outcompete invertebrates (e.g., sponges, bryozoans, tunicates, and polychaetes) for space in shallow subtidal hardbottom habitats. The project will compare patterns in vegetative and reproductive characteristics of two macroalgal species Phyllophora antarctica and Iridaea cordata collected from the 1980s to present-day. Populations will be collected from coastal and offshore sites in shallow (3\u20134 m) and greater (approx.12 m) depths at Cape Royds, Cape Evans, Little Razorback Islands, Turtle Rock, Arrival Heights, Granite Harbor, and Dellbridge Seamount. Genetic diversity of the two algal species will be measured and is expected to be relatively low due to limited dispersal in McMurdo Sound. No previous research has investigated the potential effects of climate, in particular reductions in annual sea ice cover and resulting increase in light intensity and duration, on macroalgal communities in McMurdo Sound. For the first time, photogrammetry will be used to collect community-level data on the newly discovered offshore Dellbridge Seamount and 3D visualization from the video footage will be shared with web-based interactive applications to engage and educate the public in subtidal polar ecology and the importance of Antarctic science to their lives.\r\n", "east": 170.0, "geometry": "POINT(166 -77.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; McMurdo Sound; USAP-DC; Amd/Us; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; FIELD INVESTIGATION; MACROALGAE (SEAWEEDS); USA/NSF", "locations": "McMurdo Sound", "north": -76.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Heine, John; Goldberg, Nisse; Alberto, Filipe", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -79.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Biogeography, Population Genetics, and Ecology of two Common Species of Fleshy Red Algae in McMurdo Sound", "uid": "p0010322", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "2019719 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "2019-2020 Allan Hills Field Report; 2022-23 Allan Hills Intermediate Ice Core Site Selection Field Report; 2022-23 (CXA1) flight based HDF5/matlab format data; 2022-23 (CXA1) transect based (science organized) unfocused data; 2023-2024 Allan Hills End-of-Season Science Report; 2023-24 (CXA2) flight based data HDF5/matlab format; 2023-24 (CXA2) transect based (science organized) unfocused data; Allan Hills 2022-23 Shallow Ice Core Field Report; Allan Hills I-188 Field Season Report 2022-2023; COLDEX Raw MARFA Ice Penetrating Radar data; Replicate O-17-excess by continuous flow laser spectroscopy for an ice core section at Summit, Greenland", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601819", "doi": "10.15784/601819", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Cryosphere", "people": "Carter, Austin; Higgins, John; Shackleton, Sarah; Morgan, Jacob; Epifanio, Jenna; Kuhl, Tanner; Morton, Elizabeth; Zajicek, Anna; Nesbitt, Ian", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "COLDEX", "title": "2019-2020 Allan Hills Field Report", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601819"}, {"dataset_uid": "601696", "doi": "10.15784/601696", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Ice Core", "people": "Shackleton, Sarah; Brook, Edward J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Allan Hills 2022-23 Shallow Ice Core Field Report", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601696"}, {"dataset_uid": "601768", "doi": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; East Antarctic Plateau", "people": "Kerr, Megan; Buhl, Dillon; Blankenship, Donald D.; Ng, Gregory; Kempf, Scott D.; Chan, Kristian; Young, Duncan A.; Greenbaum, Jamin", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "COLDEX Raw MARFA Ice Penetrating Radar data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601768"}, {"dataset_uid": "200405", "doi": "10.18738/T8/XPMLCC", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "TDR", "science_program": null, "title": "2022-23 (CXA1) transect based (science organized) unfocused data", "url": "https://dataverse.tdl.org/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.18738/T8/XPMLCC"}, {"dataset_uid": "200404", "doi": "10.18738/T8/J38CO5", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "OPR", "science_program": null, "title": "2023-24 (CXA2) flight based data HDF5/matlab format", "url": "https://data.cresis.ku.edu/data/rds/2023_Antarctica_BaslerMKB/"}, {"dataset_uid": "200403", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.18738/T8/J38CO5", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "OPR", "science_program": null, "title": "2022-23 (CXA1) flight based HDF5/matlab format data", "url": "https://data.cresis.ku.edu/data/rds/2022_Antarctica_BaslerMKB/"}, {"dataset_uid": "601824", "doi": "10.15784/601824", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Coldex; Cryosphere", "people": "Mayo, Emalia; Epifanio, Jenna; Marks Peterson, Julia; Higgins, John; Brook, Edward J.; Shackleton, Sarah; Carter, Austin; Manos, John-Morgan; Hudak, Abigail; Banerjee, Asmita; Morton, Elizabeth; Jayred, Michael; Goverman, Ashley", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "COLDEX", "title": "2023-2024 Allan Hills End-of-Season Science Report", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601824"}, {"dataset_uid": "601826", "doi": "10.15784/601826", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Cryosphere", "people": "Horlings, Annika; Conway, Howard; Shaya, Margot; Manos, John-Morgan; Epifanio, Jenna", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "COLDEX", "title": "Allan Hills I-188 Field Season Report 2022-2023", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601826"}, {"dataset_uid": "200406", "doi": "10.18738/T8/FV6VNT", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "TDR", "science_program": null, "title": "2023-24 (CXA2) transect based (science organized) unfocused data", "url": "https://dataverse.tdl.org/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.18738/T8/FV6VNT"}, {"dataset_uid": "601697", "doi": "10.15784/601697", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Apres; Ice Core; Ice Penetrating Radar; Temperature Profiles", "people": "Brook, Edward J.; Conway, Howard", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "COLDEX", "title": "2022-23 Allan Hills Intermediate Ice Core Site Selection Field Report", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601697"}, {"dataset_uid": "601659", "doi": "10.15784/601659", "keywords": "Antarctica; Continuous Flow; Glaciology; Greenland; Ice Core Data; Laser Spectroscopy; Oxygen Isotope; Triple Oxygen Isotopes", "people": "Davidge, Lindsey", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Hercules Dome Ice Core", "title": "Replicate O-17-excess by continuous flow laser spectroscopy for an ice core section at Summit, Greenland", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601659"}], "date_created": "Sat, 21 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Cores drilled through the Antarctic ice sheet provide a remarkable window on the evolution of Earth\u2019s climate and unique samples of the ancient atmosphere. The clear link between greenhouse gases and climate revealed by ice cores underpins much of the scientific understanding of climate change. Unfortunately, the existing data do not extend far enough back in time to reveal key features of climates warmer than today. COLDEX, the Center for Oldest Ice Exploration, will solve this problem by exploring Antarctica for sites to collect the oldest possible record of past climate recorded in the ice sheet. COLDEX will provide critical information for understanding how Earth\u2019s near-future climate may evolve and why climate varies over geologic time. New technologies will be developed for exploration and analysis that will have a long legacy for future research. An archive of old ice will stimulate new research for the next generations of polar scientists. COLDEX programs will galvanize that next generation of polar researchers, bring new results to other scientific disciplines and the public, and help to create a more inclusive and diverse scientific community.\r\n\r\nKnowledge of Earth\u2019s climate history is grounded in the geologic record. This knowledge is gained by measuring chemical, biological and physical properties of geologic materials that reflect elements of climate. Ice cores retrieved from polar ice sheets play a central role in this science and provide the best evidence for a strong link between atmospheric carbon dioxide and climate on geologic timescales. The goal of COLDEX is to extend the ice-core record of past climate to at least 1.5 million years by drilling and analyzing a continuous ice core in East Antarctica, and to much older times using discontinuous ice sections at the base and margin of the ice sheet. COLDEX will develop and deploy novel radar and melt-probe tools to rapidly explore the ice, use ice-sheet models to constrain where old ice is preserved, conduct ice coring, develop new analytical systems, and produce novel paleoclimate records from locations across East Antarctica. The search for Earth\u2019s oldest ice also provides a compelling narrative for disseminating information about past and future climate change and polar science to students, teachers, the media, policy makers and the public. COLDEX will engage and incorporate these groups through targeted professional development workshops, undergraduate research experiences, a comprehensive communication program, annual scientific meetings, scholarships, and broad collaboration nationally and internationally. COLDEX will provide a focal point for efforts to increase diversity in polar science by providing field, laboratory, mentoring and networking experiences for students and early career scientists from groups underrepresented in STEM, and by continuous engagement of the entire COLDEX community in developing a more inclusive scientific culture.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USA/NSF; AMD; Antarctica; Amd/Us; Coldex; USAP-DC; FIELD SURVEYS; ICE DEPTH/THICKNESS", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Polar Special Initiatives", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Brook, Edward J.; Neff, Peter", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "OPR; TDR; USAP-DC", "science_programs": "COLDEX", "south": -90.0, "title": "Center for Oldest Ice Exploration", "uid": "p0010321", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1543305 Lazzara, Matthew", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Antarctic Automatic Weather Station", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200291", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.48567/1hn2-nw60", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "AMRDC", "science_program": null, "title": "Antarctic Automatic Weather Station", "url": "https://amrdcdata.ssec.wisc.edu/group/about/automatic-weather-station-project"}], "date_created": "Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic Automatic Weather Station (AWS) network is the most extensive ground meteorological network in the Antarctic, approaching its 30th year at several of its installations. Its prime focus as a long term observational record is to measure the near surface weather and climatology of the Antarctic atmosphere. AWS stations measure air-temperature, pressure, wind speed and direction at a nominal surface height of ~ 2-3m. Other parameters such as relative humidity, incoming sunshine, and snow accumulation may also be taken at selected sites. Observational data from the AWS are collected via Iridium network, or DCS Argos aboard either NOAA or MetOp polar orbiting satellites and thus made available in near real time to operational and synoptic weather forecasters. The surface observations from the Antarctic AWS network are important records for recent climate change and meteorological processes. The surface observations from the Antarctic AWS network are also used operationally, and in the planning of field work. The surface observations made from the network have been used to check on satellite and remote sensing observations.This project uses the surface conditions observed by the AWS network to determine how large-scale modes of climate variability impact Antarctic weather and climate, how the surface observations from the AWS network are linked to surface layer and boundary layer processes, and to quantify the impact of snowfall. Specifically, this project improves our understanding of the processes that lead to unusual weather events and how these events are related to large-scale modes of climate variability. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "HUMIDITY; SURFACE PRESSURE; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; AMD; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE; USA/NSF; AIR TEMPERATURE; Antarctica; USAP-DC; Amd/Us; SURFACE WINDS; SURFACE AIR TEMPERATURE; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS; WEATHER STATIONS; ATMOSPHERIC WINDS", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Lazzara, Matthew", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e WEATHER STATIONS", "repo": "AMRDC", "repositories": "AMRDC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program 2016-2019", "uid": "p0010319", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1643285 Joughin, Ian; 1643174 Padman, Laurence", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-104 -73,-102.2 -73,-100.4 -73,-98.6 -73,-96.8 -73,-95 -73,-93.2 -73,-91.4 -73,-89.6 -73,-87.8 -73,-86 -73,-86 -73.8,-86 -74.6,-86 -75.4,-86 -76.2,-86 -77,-86 -77.8,-86 -78.6,-86 -79.4,-86 -80.2,-86 -81,-87.8 -81,-89.6 -81,-91.4 -81,-93.2 -81,-95 -81,-96.8 -81,-98.6 -81,-100.4 -81,-102.2 -81,-104 -81,-104 -80.2,-104 -79.4,-104 -78.6,-104 -77.8,-104 -77,-104 -76.2,-104 -75.4,-104 -74.6,-104 -73.8,-104 -73))", "dataset_titles": "Beta Version of Plume Model; Data associated with Ice-Shelf Retreat Drives Recent Pine Island Glacier Speedup and Ocean-Induced Melt Volume Directly Paces Ice Loss from Pine Island Glacier; icepack; Pine Island Basin Scale Model", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200290", "doi": "http://hdl.handle.net/1773/46687", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Uni. Washington ResearchWorks Archive", "science_program": null, "title": "Data associated with Ice-Shelf Retreat Drives Recent Pine Island Glacier Speedup and Ocean-Induced Melt Volume Directly Paces Ice Loss from Pine Island Glacier", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6069/2MZZ-6B61"}, {"dataset_uid": "200313", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "GitHub", "science_program": null, "title": "Beta Version of Plume Model", "url": "https://github.com/icepack/plumes"}, {"dataset_uid": "200314", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "GitHub", "science_program": null, "title": "icepack", "url": "https://github.com/icepack/icepack"}, {"dataset_uid": "200315", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "GitHub", "science_program": null, "title": "Pine Island Basin Scale Model", "url": "https://github.com/fastice/icesheetModels"}], "date_created": "Fri, 13 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Overview: Several recent studies indicate continuing and increasing ice loss from the Amundsen Sea region of West Antarctica (chiefly Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers). This loss is initiated by thinning of the floating ice shelves by basal melting driven by circulation of relatively warm ocean water under the ice shelves. This thinning triggers ice-dynamics related feedbacks, which leads to loss of ice from the grounded ice sheet. Models suggest that, even though long-term committed ice loss might be governed by ice dynamics, the magnitude of ocean-driven melting at the base of the ice shelves plays a critical role in controlling the rate of ice loss. These conclusions, however, are based on simple parameterized models for melt rate that do not take into account how ocean circulation will change in future as large-scale climate forcing changes, and as the ice shelves thin and retreat through both excess melting and accelerated ice flow. Given that present global climate models struggle to resolve the modern ocean state close to the ice shelves around Antarctica, their projections of future impacts on basal melting and time scale of ice loss have large uncertainties.\r\nThis project is aimed at reducing these uncertainties though two approaches: (i) assessing, for a given ocean state, how the melt rates will change as ice-shelf cavities evolve through melting and grounding-line retreat, and (ii) improving understanding of the sensitivity of melt rates beneath the Pine Island and Thwaites ice shelves to changes in ocean state on the Amundsen Sea continental shelf. These studies will provide more realistic bounds on ice loss and sea level rise, and lay the groundwork for development of future fully-coupled ice sheet-ocean simulations.\r\nIntellectual Merit: Rather than pursue a strategy of using fully coupled models, this project adopts a simpler semi-coupled approach to understand the sensitivity of ice-shelf melting to future forcing. Specifically, the project focuses on using regional ocean circulation models to understand current and future patterns of melting in ice-shelf cavities. The project\u2019s preliminary stage will focus on developing high-resolution ice-shelf cavity-circulation models driven by modern observed regional ocean state and validated with current patterns of melt inferred from satellite observations. Next, an ice-flow model will be used to estimate the future grounding line at various stages of retreat. Using these results, an iterative process with the ocean-circulation and ice-flow models will be applied to determine melt rates at each stage of grounding line retreat. These results will help assess whether more physically constrained melt-rate estimates substantially alter the hypothesis that unstable collapse of the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica is underway. Further, by multiple simulations with modified open-ocean boundary conditions, this study will provide a better understanding of the sensitivity of melt to future changes in regional forcing. For example, what is the sensitivity of melt to changes in Circumpolar Deep Water temperature and to changes in the thermocline height driven be changes in wind forcing? Finally, several semi-coupled ice-ocean simulations will be used to investigate the influence of the ocean-circulation driven distribution of melt over the next several decades. These simulations will provide a much-improved understanding of the linkages between far-field ocean forcing, cavity circulation and melting, and ice-sheet response.\r\nBroader Impacts: Planning within the current large range of uncertainty in future sea level change leads to high social and economic costs for governments and businesses worldwide. Thus, our project to reduce sea-level rise uncertainty has strong societal as well as scientific interest. The findings and methods will be applicable to ice shelf cavities in other parts of Antarctica and northern Greenland, and will set the stage for future studies with fully coupled models as computational resources improve. This interdisciplinary work combines expertise of glaciologists and oceanographers, and will contribute to the education of new researchers in this field, with participation of graduate students and postdocs. Through several outreach activities, team members will help make the public aware of the dramatic changes occurring in Antarctica along with the likely consequences.\r\n\r\nThis proposal does not require fieldwork in the Antarctic.\r\n", "east": -86.0, "geometry": "POINT(-95 -77)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "GLACIER MOTION/ICE SHEET MOTION; USA/NSF; ICE SHEETS; AMD; USAP-DC; MODELS; Amd/Us; Pine Island Glacier", "locations": "Pine Island Glacier", "north": -73.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Joughin, Ian; Dutrieux, Pierre; Padman, Laurence; Springer, Scott", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e MODELS", "repo": "Uni. Washington ResearchWorks Archive", "repositories": "GitHub; Uni. Washington ResearchWorks Archive", "science_programs": null, "south": -81.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Modeling ice-ocean interaction for the rapidly evolving ice shelf cavities of Pine Island and Thwaites glaciers, Antarctica ", "uid": "p0010318", "west": -104.0}, {"awards": "2146791 Lai, Chung Kei Chris", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 06 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Melt from the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets is increasingly contributing to sea-level rise. This ice sheet mass loss is primarily driven by the thinning, retreat, and acceleration of glaciers in contact with the ocean. Observations from the field and satellites indicate that glaciers are sensitive to changes at the ice-ocean interface and that the increase in submarine melting is likely to be driven by the discharge of meltwater from underneath the glacier known as subglacial meltwater plumes. The melting of glacier ice also directly adds a large volume of freshwater into the ocean, potentially causing significant changes in the circulation of ocean waters that regulate global heat transport, making ice-ocean interactions an important potential factor in climate change and variability. The ability to predict, and hence adequately respond to, climate change and sea-level rise therefore depends on our knowledge of the small-scale processes occurring in the vicinity of subglacial meltwater plumes at the ice-ocean interface. Currently, understanding of the underlying physics is incomplete; for example, different models of glacier-ocean interaction could yield melting rates that vary over a factor of five for the same heat supply from the ocean. It is then very difficult to assess the reliability of predictive models. This project will use comprehensive laboratory experiments to study how the melt rates of glaciers in the vicinity of plumes are affected by the ice roughness, ice geometry, ocean turbulence, and ocean density stratification at the ice-ocean interface. These experiments will then be used to develop new and improved predictive models of ice-sheet melting by the ocean. This project builds bridges between modern experimental fluid mechanics and glaciology with the goal of leading to advances in both fields. \r\n\r\nThis project consists of a comprehensive experimental program designed for studying the melt rates of glacier ice under the combined influences of (1) turbulence occurring near and at the ice-ocean interface, (2) density stratification in the ambient water column, (3) irregularities in the bottom topology of an ice shelf, and (4) differing spatial distributions of multiple meltwater plumes. The objective of the experiments is to obtain high-resolution data of the velocity, density, and temperature near/at the ice-ocean interface, which will then be used to improve understanding of melt processes down to scales of millimeters, and to devise new, more robust numerical models of glacier evolution and sea-level rise. Specially, laser-based, optical techniques in experimental fluid mechanics (particle image velocity and laser-induced fluorescence) will be used to gather the data, and the experiments will be conducted using refractive-index matching techniques to eliminate changes in refractive indices that could otherwise bias the measurements. The experiments will be run inside a climate-controlled cold room to mimic field conditions (ocean temperature from 0-10 degrees C). The project will use 3D-printing to create different casting molds for making ice blocks with different types of roughness. The goal is to investigate how ice melt rate changes as a function of the properties of the plume, the ambient ocean water, and the geometric properties of the ice interface. Based on the experimental findings, this project will develop and test a new integral-plume-model coupled to a regional circulation model (MITgcm) that can be used to predict the effects of glacial melt on ocean circulation and sea-level rise.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Glacier-Ocean Boundary Layer; Alaska; USAP-DC; USA/NSF; ABLATION ZONES/ACCUMULATION ZONES; GLACIERS; AMD; Amd/Us; Antarctica; LABORATORY", "locations": "Antarctica; Alaska", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Lai, Chung; Robel, Alexander", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Revising Models of the Glacier-Ocean Boundary Layer with Novel Laboratory Experiments ", "uid": "p0010317", "west": null}, {"awards": "2053726 Hofmann, Gretchen", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((163 -77,163.4 -77,163.8 -77,164.2 -77,164.6 -77,165 -77,165.4 -77,165.8 -77,166.2 -77,166.6 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.6 -78,166.2 -78,165.8 -78,165.4 -78,165 -78,164.6 -78,164.2 -78,163.8 -78,163.4 -78,163 -78,163 -77.9,163 -77.8,163 -77.7,163 -77.6,163 -77.5,163 -77.4,163 -77.3,163 -77.2,163 -77.1,163 -77))", "dataset_titles": "Analyses combining ATAC-seq, RRBS, and RNA-seq data for purple urchins", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200288", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "GitHub", "science_program": null, "title": "Analyses combining ATAC-seq, RRBS, and RNA-seq data for purple urchins", "url": "https://github.com/snbogan/Sp_RRBS_ATAC"}], "date_created": "Thu, 14 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Part 1: Non-technical description:\r\n\tWith support from the Office of Polar Programs, this project will evaluate how an important part of the food web in the coastal ocean of Antarctica will respond to climate change. The focal study organism in the plankton is a shelled mollusk, the Antarctic pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica, a Southern Ocean organism that this known to respond to climate driven changes in ocean acidification and ocean warming. Ocean acidification, the lowering of ocean pH via the absorption of atmospheric carbon dioxide in the surface of the ocean, is a change in the ocean that is expected to cross deleterious thresholds of pH within decades. This study will improve understanding of how pteropods will respond, which will provide insight into predicting the resilience of the Antarctic marine ecosystem during future changes, one of the planets last marine wildernesses. The project will use tools of molecular biology to examine specifically how gene expression is modulated in the pteropods, and further, how the changes and regulation of genes act to resist the stress of low pH and high temperature. In addition, this project supports the training of Ph.D. graduate students and advances the goal of inclusive excellence in STEM and in marine sciences, in particular. The students involved in this project are from groups traditionally under-represented in marine science including first-generation college students. Overall, the project contributes to the development of the U.S. work force and contributes to diversity and inclusive excellence in the geosciences.\r\n\r\nPart 2: Technical description: \r\nThe overarching goal of this project is to investigate the molecular response of the Antarctic thecosome pteropod, Limacina helicina antarctica to ocean acidification (OA) and ocean warming. The project will investigate changes in the epigenome of juvenile L. h. antarctica, by assessing the dynamics of DNA methylation in response to three scenarios of environmental conditions that were simulated in laboratory mesocosm CO2 experiments: (1) present-day pCO2 conditions for summer and winter, (2) future ocean acidification expected within 10-15 years, and (3) a multiple stressor experiment to investigate synergistic interaction of OA and high temperature stress. Recent lab-based mesocosm experiment research showed significant changes in the dynamics of global DNA methylation in the pteropod genome, along with variation in gene expression in response to abiotic changes. Thus, it is clear that juvenile L. h. antarctica are capable of mounting a substantial epigenetic response to ocean acidification. However, it is not known how DNA methylation, as an epigenetic process, is modulating changes in the transcriptome. In order to address this gap in the epigenetic knowledge regarding pteropods, the project will use next-generation sequencing approaches (e.g., RNA sequencing and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing) to integrate changes in methylation status with changes in gene expression in juvenile pteropods. Overall, this investigation is an important step in exploring environmental transcriptomics and phenotypic plasticity of an ecologically important member of Southern Ocean macrozoooplankton in response to anthropogenic climate change.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": "POINT(165 -77.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; McMurdo Sound; Amd/Us; FIELD INVESTIGATION; USA/NSF; AMD; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES", "locations": "McMurdo Sound", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Hofmann, Gretchen", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repo": "GitHub", "repositories": "GitHub", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "The Role of the Epigenetic Mechanism, DNA Methylation, in the Tolerance and Resistance of Antarctic Pteropods to Ocean Acidification and Warming", "uid": "p0010313", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "1341429 Ball, Becky", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-68.205783 -60.706633,-65.9444531 -60.706633,-63.6831232 -60.706633,-61.4217933 -60.706633,-59.1604634 -60.706633,-56.8991335 -60.706633,-54.6378036 -60.706633,-52.3764737 -60.706633,-50.1151438 -60.706633,-47.8538139 -60.706633,-45.592484 -60.706633,-45.592484 -62.1204014,-45.592484 -63.5341698,-45.592484 -64.9479382,-45.592484 -66.3617066,-45.592484 -67.775475,-45.592484 -69.1892434,-45.592484 -70.6030118,-45.592484 -72.0167802,-45.592484 -73.4305486,-45.592484 -74.844317,-47.8538139 -74.844317,-50.1151438 -74.844317,-52.3764737 -74.844317,-54.6378036 -74.844317,-56.8991335 -74.844317,-59.1604634 -74.844317,-61.4217933 -74.844317,-63.6831232 -74.844317,-65.9444531 -74.844317,-68.205783 -74.844317,-68.205783 -73.4305486,-68.205783 -72.0167802,-68.205783 -70.6030118,-68.205783 -69.1892434,-68.205783 -67.775475,-68.205783 -66.3617066,-68.205783 -64.9479382,-68.205783 -63.5341698,-68.205783 -62.1204014,-68.205783 -60.706633))", "dataset_titles": "Climatic and environmental constraints on aboveground-belowground linkages and diversity across a latitudinal gradient in Antarctica", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200289", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "OSF - Center for Open Science", "science_program": null, "title": "Climatic and environmental constraints on aboveground-belowground linkages and diversity across a latitudinal gradient in Antarctica", "url": "https://osf.io/8xfrc/"}], "date_created": "Thu, 14 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing rapid environmental changes, which will influence the community of organisms that live there. However, we know very little about the microscopic organisms living in the soil in this region. Soil biology (including bacteria, fungi, and invertebrates) are responsible for many important processes that sustain ecosystems, such as nutrient recycling. Without understanding the environmental conditions that influence soil biodiversity along the Antarctic Peninsula, our ability to predict the consequences of global change is strongly limited. This project will identify the soil community at many sites along the Antarctic Peninsula to discover how the community changes with environmental conditions from north to south. The project will also identify how the soil community at each site differs under different types of plants. Understanding more about the ways in which plant cover and climate conditions influence soil biodiversity will allow predictions of how communities will respond to future changes such as climate warming and invasive plant species. The project will also further the NSF goals of making scientific discoveries available to the general public and of training new generations of scientists. The investigators will engage with outreach to K-12 students and the general public both directly and through a blog and will participate in workshops for K-12 teachers. Additionally, the project will provide the opportunity for many undergraduate and graduate students of diverse backgrounds to be trained in interdisciplinary research.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe investigators will determine the nature and strength of plant-soil linkages in influencing soil community composition and diversity over a latitudinal gradient of environmental and climatic conditions. The goals are to (1) increase our understanding of current biogeography and diversity by providing in-depth knowledge of soil community composition and complexity as it relates to environmental and climatic characteristics; and (2) determine the nature of aboveground-belowground community linkages over varying spatial scales. The team will identify the composition and diversity of soil communities under key habitat types (grass, moss, algae, etc.). Microbial communities (bacteria, fungi, archaea) will be investigated using pyrosequencing for community composition analysis and metagenomic sequencing to identify functional capabilities. Invertebrates (nematodes, tardigrades, rotifers, microarthropods) will be extracted and identified to the lowest possible taxonomic level. Soil chemistry (pH, nutrient content, soil moisture, etc.) and climate conditions will be measured to determine the relationship between soil communities and physical and chemical properties. Structural equation modeling will be used to identify aboveground-belowground linkage pathways and quantify link strengths under varying environmental conditions.", "east": -45.592484, "geometry": "POINT(-56.8991335 -67.775475)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FUNGI; FIELD INVESTIGATION; AMD; Amd/Us; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; USA/NSF; ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES; SOIL CHEMISTRY; BACTERIA/ARCHAEA; Antarctic Peninsula; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS; USAP-DC", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -60.706633, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Ball, Becky; Van Horn, David", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repo": "OSF - Center for Open Science", "repositories": "OSF - Center for Open Science", "science_programs": null, "south": -74.844317, "title": "Collaborative Research: Climatic and Environmental Constraints on Aboveground-Belowground Linkages and Diversity across a Latitudinal Gradient in Antarctica", "uid": "p0010314", "west": -68.205783}, {"awards": "1932876 Ball, Becky", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-59.666116 -62.15,-59.5128377 -62.15,-59.3595594 -62.15,-59.2062811 -62.15,-59.0530028 -62.15,-58.8997245 -62.15,-58.7464462 -62.15,-58.5931679 -62.15,-58.4398896 -62.15,-58.2866113 -62.15,-58.133333 -62.15,-58.133333 -62.1731502,-58.133333 -62.1963004,-58.133333 -62.2194506,-58.133333 -62.2426008,-58.133333 -62.265751,-58.133333 -62.2889012,-58.133333 -62.3120514,-58.133333 -62.3352016,-58.133333 -62.3583518,-58.133333 -62.381502,-58.2866113 -62.381502,-58.4398896 -62.381502,-58.5931679 -62.381502,-58.7464462 -62.381502,-58.8997245 -62.381502,-59.0530028 -62.381502,-59.2062811 -62.381502,-59.3595594 -62.381502,-59.5128377 -62.381502,-59.666116 -62.381502,-59.666116 -62.3583518,-59.666116 -62.3352016,-59.666116 -62.3120514,-59.666116 -62.2889012,-59.666116 -62.265751,-59.666116 -62.2426008,-59.666116 -62.2194506,-59.666116 -62.1963004,-59.666116 -62.1731502,-59.666116 -62.15))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 14 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Part I: Non-technical summary\u003cbr/\u003eThe Antarctic Peninsula warmed very rapidly in the late part of the 20th century, much faster than the global average, and this warming is predicted to resume and continue over the rest of the 21st century. One consequence of this rapid warming is the melting and subsequent retreat of glaciers, leading to an increase in newly-exposed land on the Peninsula that was previously covered with ice. Once new terrain is exposed, the process of ecological succession begins, with the arrival of early-colonizing plants, such as moss and lichens, and soil organisms - a process commonly referred to as the \u201cgreening\u201d of Antarctica. Early stages of succession will be an increasingly common feature on the Antarctic Peninsula, but the mechanisms by which they occur on the Antarctic continent is not well understood. Once the plants have established on the newly-exposed soil, they can change many important properties, such as water dynamics, nutrient recycling, soil development, and habitat for microscopic organisms, which will ultimately determine the structure and functioning of the future ecosystem as it develops. These relationships between vegetation, soil, and the associated microorganisms, referred to as \u201cplant-soil\u201d interactions, are something we know virtually nothing about. This project will be the first to make a comprehensive study of how the type of colonizing plant, and the expansion of those plants from climate change, will influence terrestrial ecosystems in Antarctica. Understanding these processes is critical to understanding how the greening Antarctica is occurring and how soil communities and processes are influenced by these expanding plant communities. Through this work the research team, will also be intensively training undergraduate and graduate students, including training of students from underrepresented groups and collaborative training of students from Chile and the US. Additionally, the research groups will continue their focus on scientific outreach with K-12 schools and the general public to expand awareness of the effects of climate change in Antarctica.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003ePart II: Technical summary\u003cbr/\u003eIn this study, the researchers will use surveys across succession sites along the Antarctic Peninsula and Scotia Arc as well as a manipulative field experiment at glacier succession sites to test how species-specific plant functional traits impact soil properties and associated microbial and invertebrate communities in a greening Antarctica. In doing so, they will pursue three integrated aims to understand how Antarctic plant functional traits alter their soil environment and soil communities during succession after glacial retreat. AIM 1) Characterize six fundamental plant functional traits (thermal conductivity, water holding capacity, albedo, decomposability, tissue nutrient content, and secondary chemistry) among diverse Antarctica flora; AIM 2) Measure the relative effects of fundamental plant functional traits on soil physical properties and soil biogeochemistry across glacial succession gradients in Antarctica; and AIM 3) Measure the relative effects of fundamental plant functional traits on soil microbial and invertebrate communities across glacial succession gradients in Antarctica. They will explore how early-colonizing plants, especially mosses and lichens, alter soil physical, biogeochemical, and biological components, potentially impacting later patterns of succession. The researhcers will use intensive surveys of plant-soil interactions across succession sites and a manipulative transplant experiment in the South Shetland Islands, Antarctica to address their aims. The investigators will collect data on plant functional traits and their effects on soil physical properties, biogeochemistry, biotic abundance, and microbial metagenomics. The data collected will be the first comprehensive measures of the relative importance of plant functional types during glacial retreat and vegetative expansion from climate change in Antarctica, aiding our understanding of how plant functional group diversity and abundance are changing in a greening Antarctica.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -58.133333, "geometry": "POINT(-58.8997245 -62.265751)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; FIELD SURVEYS; ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS; USA/NSF; SOIL CHEMISTRY; 25 De Mayo/King George Island; Antarctic Peninsula; PLANTS; Amd/Us; FUNGI; ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES; USAP-DC; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; BACTERIA/ARCHAEA", "locations": "25 De Mayo/King George Island; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -62.15, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Ball, Becky", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -62.381502, "title": "Collaborative Research: Exploring the Functional Role of Antarctic Plants during Terrestrial Succession", "uid": "p0010315", "west": -59.666116}, {"awards": "2038145 Bernard, Kim", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Warming at the northern Antarctic Peninsula is causing fundamental changes in the marine ecosystem. Antarctic krill are small shrimp-like animals that are most abundant in that area. They are also an essential part of the marine food web of the waters surrounding Antarctica. Meanwhile, a rapidly growing international fishery has developed for krill. Understanding changes in krill populations is therefore critical both to the management of the fishery and the ability of scientists to predict changes in the Antarctic marine ecosystem. This project will have two broader societal impacts. First, the project will support the training of students for careers in oceanography. The students will be recruited from underrepresented groups in an effort to increase diversity, equity and inclusion in STEM. Second, results from this project will develop improved population models, which are essential for the effective management of the Antarctic krill fishery. In collaboration with US delegates on the Commission for the Conservation of Antarctic Marine Living Resources, the researchers will produce a report outlining the key findings from the study.\r\n\r\nEffective population modeling relies on empirical and theoretical understanding of how environment drives krill reproduction. There are two critical egg development stages in Antarctic krill that impact population growth. They are early egg development, and advanced egg development/spawning. The timing and duration of early egg development determines the number of eggs produced and the number of seasonal spawning events a female can undergo. The research team will use samples of Antarctic krill collected over the last 30 years in late winter/early spring, summer and early fall. The reproductive development stages of individual females in these samples will be assessed. These data will be modeled against climatological and oceanographic data to test three hypotheses. First, they will test if colder winter conditions correspond to early preparation for spawning. Second, they will test if favorable winter-summer conditions increase early spawning. Finally, they will test if favorable winter-summer conditions lengthen the spawning season. The study will advance current understanding of the environmental conditions that promote population increases in Antarctic krill and will fill an important gap in current knowledge of the reproductive development and output of Antarctic krill.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FISHERIES; AMD; USAP-DC; Antarctic Peninsula; Amd/Us; USA/NSF; PELAGIC; LABORATORY", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Bernard, Kim", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Drivers of Antarctic Krill Reproductive Output", "uid": "p0010312", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1543361 Kurbatov, Andrei; 1543454 Dunbar, Nelia", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(0 -90)", "dataset_titles": "Cryptotephra in SPC-14 ice core; SPICEcore visable tephra", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601667", "doi": "10.15784/601667", "keywords": "Antarctica; Electron Microprobe; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; South Pole; Tephra", "people": "Iverson, Nels", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "SPICEcore visable tephra", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601667"}, {"dataset_uid": "601666", "doi": "10.15784/601666", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryptotephra; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; South Pole; SPICEcore; Tephra", "people": "Hartman, Laura; Yates, Martin; Helmick, Meredith; Kurbatov, Andrei V.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "Cryptotephra in SPC-14 ice core", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601666"}], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Apr 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic ice core tephra records tend to be dominated by proximal volcanism and infrequently contain tephra from distal volcanoes within and off of the continent. Tephra layers in East Antarctic ice cores are largely derived from Northern Victoria Land volcanoes. For example, 43 out of 55 tephra layers in Talos Dome ice core are from local volcanoes. West Antarctic ice cores are dominated by tephra from Marie Byrd Land volcanoes. Thirty-six out of the 52 tephra layers in WAIS are from Mt. Berlin or Mt.Takahe. It would be expected that the majority of the tephra layers found in cores on and adjacent to the Antarctic Peninsula and Weddell Sea should be from Sub-Antarctic islands (e.g., South Sandwich and South Shetland Islands). Unfortunately, these records are poorly characterized, making correlations to the source volcanoes very unlikely.\r\n\r\nThe South Pole ice core (SPICEcore) is uniquely situated to capture the volcanic records from all of these regions of the continent, as well as sub-tropical eruptions with significant global climate signatures. Twelve visible tephra layers have been characterized in SPICEcore and represent tephra produced by volcanoes from the Sub-Antarctic Islands (6), Marie Byrd Land (5), and one from an unknown sub-tropical eruption, likely from South America. Three of these tephra layers correlate to other ice core tephra providing important \u201cpinning points\u201d for timescale calibrations, recently published (Winski et al, 2019). Two tephra layers from Marie Byrd Land correlate to WAIS Divide ice core tephra (15.226ka and 44.864ka), and one tephra eruptive from the South Sandwich Island can be correlated EPICA Dome C, Vostok, and RICE (3.559ka). An additional eight cryptotephra have been characterized, and one layer geochemically correlates with the 1257 C.E. eruption of Samalas volcano in Indonesia.\r\n\r\nSPICEcore does not have a tephra record dominated by one volcanic region. Instead, it contains more of the tephra layers derived from off-continent volcanic sources. The far-travelled tephra layers from non-Antarctic sources improve our understanding of tephra transport to the interior of Antarctica. The location in the middle of the continent along with the longer transport distances from the local volcanoes has allowed for a unique tephra record to be produced that begins to link more of future ice core records together.\r\n\r\n", "east": 0.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -90)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "VOLCANIC DEPOSITS; South Pole", "locations": "South Pole", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Dunbar, Nelia; Iverson, Nels; Kurbatov, Andrei V.", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Tephrochronology of a South Pole Ice Core", "uid": "p0010311", "west": 0.0}, {"awards": "2148517 Hancock, Cathrine", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-60 -55,-51 -55,-42 -55,-33 -55,-24 -55,-15 -55,-6 -55,3 -55,12 -55,21 -55,30 -55,30 -57,30 -59,30 -61,30 -63,30 -65,30 -67,30 -69,30 -71,30 -73,30 -75,21 -75,12 -75,3 -75,-6 -75,-15 -75,-24 -75,-33 -75,-42 -75,-51 -75,-60 -75,-60 -73,-60 -71,-60 -69,-60 -67,-60 -65,-60 -63,-60 -61,-60 -59,-60 -57,-60 -55))", "dataset_titles": "Under ice trajectories for RAFOS enabled profiling floats in the Weddell Gyre", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601652", "doi": "10.15784/601652", "keywords": "Antarctica; ANTXXIV/3; Argo Float; Artoa4argo; GPS Data; RAFOS; US Argo Program; Weddell Sea", "people": "Hancock, Cathrine", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Under ice trajectories for RAFOS enabled profiling floats in the Weddell Gyre", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601652"}], "date_created": "Fri, 25 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Weddell Gyre is one of the major components of the Southern Ocean circulation system, linking heat and carbon fluxes in the Antarctic Circumpolar Current to the continental margins. Water masses entering the Weddell Gyre are modified as they move in a great circular route around the gyre margin and change through processes involving air-sea-cryosphere interactions as well as through ocean eddies that mix properties across the gyre boundaries. Some of the denser water masses exit the gyre through pathways along the northern boundary, and ultimately ventilate the global deep ocean as Antarctic Bottom Water. While in-situ and satellite observations, as well as computer modeling efforts, provide estimates of the large-scale average flow within the gyre, details of the smaller-scale, or \"mesoscale\" eddy flow remain elusive. The proposed research will quantify mixing due to mesoscale eddies within the Weddell Gyre, as well as the transport of incoming deep water from the northeast, thought to be a result of transient eddies. Since the Weddell Gyre produces source water for about 40% of Antarctic Bottom Water formation, understanding the dynamics in this region helps to identify causes of documented changes in global bottom waters. This in turn, will give insight into how climate change is affecting global oceans, through modification of dense polar waters and Antarctic Bottom Water characteristics.\r\n\r\nThis project aims to track 153 RAFOS-enabled Argo floats in the ice-covered regions of the Weddell Gyre. The resultant tracks along with all available Argo and earlier float data will be used to calculate Eulerian and Lagrangian means and eddy statistics for the Weddell Gyre. The study will link RAFOS tracks with Argo profiles under ice, allowing one to characterize the importance of eddies in water column modification at critical ice-edge boundaries and leads. With RAFOS tracks near the northeastern limit of the gyre, the project will investigate the eddy-driven processes of incoming Circumpolar Deep Water, to understand better the mechanisms and volume fluxes involved. Previous work shows that a large fraction of the mean circulation in the southern and western limits of the gyre, where it contacts the Antarctic continent, occurs in a narrow boundary layer above the slope. The research here will integrate this flow structure into a complete interior and boundary layer mean circulation synthesis. The findings and products from the proposed work will improve the positioning of Argo profiles in the polar regions, which would allow for more accurate climatological maps and derived quantities. Estimates of meso-scale mixing may serve as a foundation for the development of new parameterization schemes employed in climate models, as well as local and global ocean circulation models in polar regions.", "east": 30.0, "geometry": "POINT(-15 -65)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "OCEAN CURRENTS; WATER MASSES; BUOYS; USA/NSF; Weddell Sea; AMD; USAP-DC; Amd/Us", "locations": "Weddell Sea", "north": -55.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Hancock, Cathrine; Speer, Kevin", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e BUOYS \u003e MOORED \u003e BUOYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -75.0, "title": "Weddell Gyre Mean Circulation and Eddy Statistics from Floats", "uid": "p0010310", "west": -60.0}, {"awards": "2149500 Chambers, Don", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -30,-144 -30,-108 -30,-72 -30,-36 -30,0 -30,36 -30,72 -30,108 -30,144 -30,180 -30,180 -36,180 -42,180 -48,180 -54,180 -60,180 -66,180 -72,180 -78,180 -84,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -84,-180 -78,-180 -72,-180 -66,-180 -60,-180 -54,-180 -48,-180 -42,-180 -36,-180 -30))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 14 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Southern Ocean accounts for ~40% of the total ocean uptake of anthropogenic CO2 despite covering only 20% of the global ocean surface, and is particularly rich in long-lived eddies. These eddies, or large ocean whirlpools which can be observed from space, can alter air-sea fluxes of CO2 in ways that are not yet fully understood. New observations from autonomous platforms measuring ocean carbon content suggest that there is significant heterogeneity in ocean carbon fluxes which can be linked to these dynamic eddy features. Due to computational and time limitations, ocean eddies are not explicitly represented in most climate models, limiting our ability to understand the role eddies play in the ocean carbon cycle. This work will explore the impact of eddies on ocean carbon content and air-sea CO2 fluxes in the Southern Ocean using both model- and observation-based strategies and the findings will improve our understanding of the ocean\u2019s role in the carbon cycle and in global climate. While this work will primarily be focused on the Southern Ocean, the results will be globally applicable. The researchers will also broaden interest in physical and chemical oceanography among middle school-age girls in the University of South Florida\u2019s Oceanography Camp for Girls by augmenting existing lessons with computational methods in oceanography. \r\n\r\nThis project aims to quantify the impacts of mesoscale eddy processes on ocean carbon content and air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in the Southern Ocean. For the modeling component, the investigators will explore relationships between eddies, ocean carbon content, and air-sea CO2 fluxes within the 1/6-degree resolution Biogeochemical Southern Ocean State Estimate (B-SOSE). They investigators will produce high-resolution composites of the carbon content and physical structure within both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies by region, quantify the influence of these eddies on the overall simulated air-sea CO2 flux, and diagnose the physical mechanisms driving this influence. For the observational component, the investigators will match eddies observed via satellite altimetry to ocean carbon observations and characterize observed relationships between eddies and ocean carbon content with a focus on Southern Ocean winter observations where light limits biological processes, allowing isolation of the contribution of physical processes. This work will also provide motivation for higher resolution and better eddy parameterizations in climate models, more mesoscale biogeochemical observations, and integration of satellite SSH data into efforts to map air-sea fluxes of CO2. Each summer, the PI delivers a lab lesson at the University of South Florida Oceanography Camp for Girls (OCG), recognized by NSF as a \u201cModel STEM Program for Women and Girls\u201d focused on broadening participation by placing emphasis on recruiting a diverse group of young women. As part of this project, the existing interactive Jupyter Notebook-based Python coding Lab lesson will be augmented with a B-SOSE-themed modeling component, which will broaden interest in physical and chemical oceanography and data science, and expose campers to computational methods in oceanography.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; Southern Ocean; PH; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; AMD; OCEAN CHEMISTRY; OCEAN MIXED LAYER; USA/NSF; NITROGEN; OCEAN CURRENTS; SALINITY/DENSITY; USAP-DC; OCEAN TEMPERATURE; MODELS; CHLOROPHYLL; DISSOLVED GASES; NUTRIENTS", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -30.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Williams, Nancy; Chambers, Don; Tamsitt, Veronica", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e MODELS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Diagnosing the Role of Ocean Eddies in Carbon Cycling from a High-resolution Data Assimilating Ocean Biogeochemical Model", "uid": "p0010309", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1823135 Bromwich, David", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "YOPP-SH Analysis and Forecast Results. ", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200287", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "PI website", "science_program": null, "title": "YOPP-SH Analysis and Forecast Results. ", "url": "http://polarmet.osu.edu/YOPP-SH/"}], "date_created": "Mon, 14 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This research will take advantage of the greater number of Antarctic weather observations collected as part of the World Meteorological Organization\u0027s \"Year of Polar Prediction\". Researchers will use these additional observations to study new ways of incorporating data into existing weather prediction models. The primary goal of this research is to improve the accuracy of weather forecasts in Antarctica. This work is important, as the harsh weather in Antarctica greatly impacts scientific research and the support of this research. Being able to accurately predict changing weather increases the safety and efficiency of Antarctic field science and operations. \r\nThe proposed effort seeks to advance goals of the World Meteorological Organization\u0027s Polar Prediction Project and its Year of Polar Prediction-Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH) effort. Researchers will investigate and demonstrate the forecast impact of enhanced atmospheric observations obtained from YOPP-SH\u0027s Special Observing Period on polar numerical weather prediction. This will be done by using the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS). AMPS is the primary numerical weather prediction capability for the United States Antarctic Program (USAP). Modeling experimentation will assess the impact of Special Observing Period data on Antarctic forecasts and will serve as a vehicle for testing new data assimilation approaches for AMPS. The primary goal for this work is improved forecasting and numerical weather prediction tools. Outcomes will include quantification of the value of enhanced southern hemisphere atmospheric observations. This work will also help improve AMPS and its ability to support the USAP.\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "VERTICAL PROFILES; Antarctica; USA/NSF; WATER VAPOR PROFILES; USAP-DC; AMD; Amd/Us; COMPUTERS; WIND PROFILES", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Bromwich, David; Powers, Jordan", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e COMPUTERS", "repo": "PI website", "repositories": "PI website", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Application of Year of Polar Prediction- Southern Hemisphere (YOPP-SH) Observations for Improvement of Antarctic Numerical Weather Prediction", "uid": "p0010308", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2149501 Mazloff, Matthew", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 04 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project aims to quantify the impacts of mesoscale eddy processes on ocean carbon content and air-sea carbon dioxide (CO2) fluxes in the Southern Ocean. For the modeling component, the investigators will explore relationships between eddies, ocean carbon content, and air-sea CO2 fluxes within the 1/6-degree resolution Biogeochemical Southern Ocean State Estimate (B-SOSE). They investigators will produce high-resolution composites of the carbon content and physical structure within both cyclonic and anticyclonic eddies by region, quantify the influence of these eddies on the overall simulated air-sea CO2 flux, and diagnose the physical mechanisms driving this influence. For the observational component, the investigators will match eddies observed via satellite altimetry to ocean carbon observations and characterize observed relationships between eddies and ocean carbon content with a focus on Southern Ocean winter observations where light limits biological processes, allowing isolation of the contribution of physical processes. This work will also provide motivation for higher resolution and better eddy parameterizations in climate models, more mesoscale biogeochemical observations, and integration of satellite SSH data into efforts to map air-sea fluxes of CO2. Each summer, the PI delivers a lab lesson at the University of South Florida Oceanography Camp for Girls (OCG), recognized by NSF as a \u201cModel STEM Program for Women and Girls\u201d focused on broadening participation by placing emphasis on recruiting a diverse group of young women. As part of this project, the existing interactive Jupyter Notebook-based Python coding Lab lesson will be augmented with a B-SOSE-themed modeling component, which will broaden interest in physical and chemical oceanography and data science, and expose campers to computational methods in oceanography.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Southern Ocean; AMD; USA/NSF; USAP-DC; MODELS; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; Amd/Us", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Mazloff, Matthew", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e MODELS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Diagnosing the role of ocean eddies in carbon cycling from a high- resolution data assimilating ocean biogeochemical model", "uid": "p0010304", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1643248 Hall, Brenda", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((163.3 -77.8,163.43 -77.8,163.56 -77.8,163.69 -77.8,163.82 -77.8,163.95 -77.8,164.08 -77.8,164.21 -77.8,164.34 -77.8,164.47 -77.8,164.6 -77.8,164.6 -77.85,164.6 -77.9,164.6 -77.95,164.6 -78,164.6 -78.05,164.6 -78.1,164.6 -78.15,164.6 -78.2,164.6 -78.25,164.6 -78.3,164.47 -78.3,164.34 -78.3,164.21 -78.3,164.08 -78.3,163.95 -78.3,163.82 -78.3,163.69 -78.3,163.56 -78.3,163.43 -78.3,163.3 -78.3,163.3 -78.25,163.3 -78.2,163.3 -78.15,163.3 -78.1,163.3 -78.05,163.3 -78,163.3 -77.95,163.3 -77.9,163.3 -77.85,163.3 -77.8))", "dataset_titles": "Marshall Valley Radiocarbon Data; Marshall Valley U-Series Data; Pyramid Trough Radiocarbon Data; Walcott Glacier area radiocarbon data; Walcott Glacier Exposure Data", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601614", "doi": "10.15784/601614", "keywords": "Algae; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Pyramid Trough; Radiocarbon; Radiocarbon Dates; Ross Sea Drift; Royal Society Range", "people": "Hall, Brenda", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Pyramid Trough Radiocarbon Data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601614"}, {"dataset_uid": "601615", "doi": "10.15784/601615", "keywords": "Algae; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Howchin Glacier; Radiocarbon; Radiocarbon Dates; Ross Sea Drift; Royal Society Range; Walcott Glacier", "people": "Hall, Brenda", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Walcott Glacier area radiocarbon data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601615"}, {"dataset_uid": "601616", "doi": "10.15784/601616", "keywords": "Antarctica; Beryllium-10; Exposure Age; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; McMurdo Sound; Royal Society Range; Walcott Glacier", "people": "Hall, Brenda", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Walcott Glacier Exposure Data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601616"}, {"dataset_uid": "601528", "doi": "10.15784/601528", "keywords": "234U/230Th Dating; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Last Glacial Maximum; Marshall Drift; Marshall Valley; MIS 6; Royal Society Range", "people": "Hall, Brenda", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Marshall Valley U-Series Data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601528"}, {"dataset_uid": "601529", "doi": "10.15784/601529", "keywords": "Algae; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Marshall Valley; Radiocarbon; Ross Sea Drift; Royal Society Range", "people": "Hall, Brenda", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Marshall Valley Radiocarbon Data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601529"}], "date_created": "Thu, 03 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic Ice Sheet is the greatest potential contributor to sea-level change. However, the future response of the ice sheet to warming climate is recognized as one of the greatest uncertainties in sea-level projections. An understanding of past ice fluctuations can afford insight into ice-sheet response to climate change and thus is critical for improving sea-level predictions. In this project, we will reconstruct the behavior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet in the western Ross Sea region during the great global warming that ended the last ice age. Fluctuations in ice volume during this time period will allow us to characterize the factors that cause the ice sheet to advance and retreat and will enable us to distinguish between models that suggest repeated episodes of ice-sheet collapse vs those that indicate ice-sheet growth during warming climate. An understanding of the cause(s) of changes in ice volume during the warming that ended the last ice age has important implications for the future of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. ", "east": 164.6, "geometry": "POINT(163.95 -78.05)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "GLACIER ELEVATION/ICE SHEET ELEVATION; Royal Society Range; USA/NSF; USAP-DC; Amd/Us; AMD; LABORATORY; GLACIAL LANDFORMS", "locations": "Royal Society Range", "north": -77.8, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Hall, Brenda; Denton, George", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.3, "title": "Response of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to the last great global warming", "uid": "p0010301", "west": 163.3}, {"awards": "1643534 Cassar, Nicolas", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-83 -62,-80.3 -62,-77.6 -62,-74.9 -62,-72.2 -62,-69.5 -62,-66.8 -62,-64.1 -62,-61.4 -62,-58.7 -62,-56 -62,-56 -63.1,-56 -64.2,-56 -65.3,-56 -66.4,-56 -67.5,-56 -68.6,-56 -69.7,-56 -70.8,-56 -71.9,-56 -73,-58.7 -73,-61.4 -73,-64.1 -73,-66.8 -73,-69.5 -73,-72.2 -73,-74.9 -73,-77.6 -73,-80.3 -73,-83 -73,-83 -71.9,-83 -70.8,-83 -69.7,-83 -68.6,-83 -67.5,-83 -66.4,-83 -65.3,-83 -64.2,-83 -63.1,-83 -62))", "dataset_titles": "Palmer LTER 18S rRNA gene metabarcodin; rDNA amplicon sequencing of WAP microbial community", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200285", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCBI", "science_program": null, "title": "Palmer LTER 18S rRNA gene metabarcodin", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA508517"}, {"dataset_uid": "200286", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCBI", "science_program": null, "title": "rDNA amplicon sequencing of WAP microbial community", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/SRR6162326/"}], "date_created": "Thu, 03 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project seeks to make detailed measurements of the oxygen content of the surface ocean along the Western Antarctic Peninsula. Detailed maps of changes in net oxygen content will be combined with measurements of the surface water chemistry and phytoplankton distributions. The project will determine the extent to which on-shore or offshore phytoplankton blooms along the peninsula are likely to lead to different amounts of carbon being exported to the deeper ocean. \r\n\r\nThe project will analyze oxygen in relation to argon that will allow determination of the physical and biological contributions to surface ocean oxygen dynamics. These assessments will be combined with spatial and temporal distributions of nutrients (iron and macronutrients) and irradiances. This will allow the investigators to unravel the complex interplay between ice dynamics, iron and physical mixing dynamics as they relate to Net Community Production (NCP) in the region. NCP measurements will be normalized to Particulate Organic Carbon (POC) and be used to help identify area of \"High Biomass and Low NCP\" and those with \"Low Biomass and High NCP\" as a function of microbial plankton community composition. The team will use machine learning methods- including decision tree assemblages and genetic programming- to identify plankton groups key to facilitating biological carbon fluxes. Decomposing the oxygen signal along the West Antarctic Peninsula will also help elucidate biotic and abiotic drivers of the O2 saturation to further contextualize the growing inventory of oxygen measurements (e.g. by Argo floats) throughout the global oceans.", "east": -56.0, "geometry": "POINT(-69.5 -67.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "West Antarctica; USAP-DC; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; AMD; USA/NSF; LABORATORY; Amd/Us", "locations": "West Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Cassar, Nicolas", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "NCBI", "repositories": "NCBI", "science_programs": null, "south": -73.0, "title": "Biological and Physical Drivers of Oxygen Saturation and Net Community Production Variability along the Western Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "p0010303", "west": -83.0}, {"awards": "0944150 Hall, Brenda", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((163.6 -77.5,163.7 -77.5,163.8 -77.5,163.9 -77.5,164 -77.5,164.1 -77.5,164.2 -77.5,164.3 -77.5,164.4 -77.5,164.5 -77.5,164.6 -77.5,164.6 -77.57,164.6 -77.64,164.6 -77.71,164.6 -77.78,164.6 -77.85,164.6 -77.92,164.6 -77.99,164.6 -78.06,164.6 -78.13,164.6 -78.2,164.5 -78.2,164.4 -78.2,164.3 -78.2,164.2 -78.2,164.1 -78.2,164 -78.2,163.9 -78.2,163.8 -78.2,163.7 -78.2,163.6 -78.2,163.6 -78.13,163.6 -78.06,163.6 -77.99,163.6 -77.92,163.6 -77.85,163.6 -77.78,163.6 -77.71,163.6 -77.64,163.6 -77.57,163.6 -77.5))", "dataset_titles": "Marshall Valley Radiocarbon Data; Marshall Valley U-Series Data; Royal Society Range Headland Moraine Belt Radiocarbon Data; Salmon Valley Radiocarbon Data", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601556", "doi": "10.15784/601556", "keywords": "Antarctica; Last Glacial Maximum; McMurdo Sound; Radiocarbon Dates; Ross Sea Drift; Royal Society Range", "people": "Hall, Brenda", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Salmon Valley Radiocarbon Data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601556"}, {"dataset_uid": "601529", "doi": "10.15784/601529", "keywords": "Algae; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Marshall Valley; Radiocarbon; Ross Sea Drift; Royal Society Range", "people": "Hall, Brenda", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Marshall Valley Radiocarbon Data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601529"}, {"dataset_uid": "601528", "doi": "10.15784/601528", "keywords": "234U/230Th Dating; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Last Glacial Maximum; Marshall Drift; Marshall Valley; MIS 6; Royal Society Range", "people": "Hall, Brenda", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Marshall Valley U-Series Data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601528"}, {"dataset_uid": "601555", "doi": "10.15784/601555", "keywords": "Antarctica; Last Glacial Maximum; McMurdo Sound; Radiocarbon Dates; Ross Sea Drift; Royal Society Range", "people": "Hall, Brenda", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Royal Society Range Headland Moraine Belt Radiocarbon Data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601555"}], "date_created": "Thu, 03 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to investigate the sensitivity of the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) to global climate change over the last two Glacial/Interglacial cycles. The intellectual merit of the project is that despite its importance to Earth\u0027s climate system, we currently lack a full understanding of AIS sensitivity to global climate change. This project will reconstruct and precisely date the history of marine-based ice in the Ross Sea sector over the last two glacial/interglacial cycles, which will enable a better understanding of the potential driving mechanisms (i.e., sea-level rise, ice dynamics, ocean temperature variations) for ice fluctuations. This will also help to place present ice?]sheet behavior in a long-term context. During the last glacial maximum (LGM), the AIS is known to have filled the Ross Embayment and although much has been done both in the marine and terrestrial settings to constrain its extent, the chronology of the ice sheet, particularly the timing and duration of the maximum and the pattern of initial recession, remains uncertain. In addition, virtually nothing is known of the penultimate glaciation, other than it is presumed to have been generally similar to the LGM. These shortcomings greatly limit our ability to understand AIS evolution and the driving mechanisms behind ice sheet fluctuations. This project will develop a detailed record of ice extent and chronology in the western Ross Embayment for not only the LGM, but also for the penultimate glaciation (Stage 6), from well-dated glacial geologic data in the Royal Society Range. Chronology will come primarily from high-precision Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) Carbon-14 (14C) and multi-collector Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP)-Mass Spectrometry (MS) 234Uranium/230Thorium dating of lake algae and carbonates known to be widespread in the proposed field area. ", "east": 164.6, "geometry": "POINT(164.1 -77.85)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "LABORATORY; Amd/Us; AMD; USA/NSF; GLACIAL LANDFORMS; USAP-DC; Royal Society Range; GLACIER ELEVATION/ICE SHEET ELEVATION", "locations": "Royal Society Range", "north": -77.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Hall, Brenda; Denton, George", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.2, "title": "Sensitivity of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to Climate Change over the Last Two Glacial/Interglacial Cycles", "uid": "p0010302", "west": 163.6}, {"awards": "1643917 Fricker, Helen", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-163.646 -84.186,-162.58715 -84.186,-161.5283 -84.186,-160.46945 -84.186,-159.4106 -84.186,-158.35175 -84.186,-157.2929 -84.186,-156.23405 -84.186,-155.1752 -84.186,-154.11635 -84.186,-153.0575 -84.186,-153.0575 -84.20871,-153.0575 -84.23142,-153.0575 -84.25413,-153.0575 -84.27684,-153.0575 -84.29955,-153.0575 -84.32226,-153.0575 -84.34497,-153.0575 -84.36768,-153.0575 -84.39039,-153.0575 -84.4131,-154.11635 -84.4131,-155.1752 -84.4131,-156.23405 -84.4131,-157.2929 -84.4131,-158.35175 -84.4131,-159.4106 -84.4131,-160.46945 -84.4131,-161.5283 -84.4131,-162.58715 -84.4131,-163.646 -84.4131,-163.646 -84.39039,-163.646 -84.36768,-163.646 -84.34497,-163.646 -84.32226,-163.646 -84.29955,-163.646 -84.27684,-163.646 -84.25413,-163.646 -84.23142,-163.646 -84.20871,-163.646 -84.186))", "dataset_titles": "Wideband magnetotelluric responses from Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601526", "doi": "10.15784/601526", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Stream; Magnetotelluric; Subglacial; Whillans Ice Stream", "people": "Gustafson, Chloe; Key, Kerry; Siegfried, Matthew; Fricker, Helen", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Wideband magnetotelluric responses from Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601526"}], "date_created": "Sat, 26 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "During November 2018 to January 2019 we carried out an extensive geophysical survey on the Whillans Ice Stream in West Antarctica. Our survey is the first to use magnetotelluric (MT) imaging to map subglacial groundwater water beneath an ice stream. We collected a total of 44 passive MT stations, as well as several active-source electromagnetic (EM) stations using a large loop transmitter system. These data will be used to study the distribution of groundwater at the base of the ice stream at both the grounding line where the ice stream turns into the Ross Ice Shelf and at Whillans Subglacial Lake. We also serviced a few long term GPS stations that have been recording data for several years and that have been used to track transient changes in ice velocity associated with basal water filling and draining in subglacial lakes. \r\n", "east": -153.0575, "geometry": "POINT(-158.35175 -84.29955)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Whillans Ice Stream; GROUND WATER; USA/NSF; USAP-DC; AMD; GEOMAGNETIC INDUCTION; Amd/Us; FIELD SURVEYS", "locations": "Whillans Ice Stream", "north": -84.186, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Key, Kerry; Fricker, Helen; Siegfried, Matt", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.4131, "title": "Mapping Antarctic Subglacial Water with Novel Electromagnetic Techniques", "uid": "p0010300", "west": -163.646}, {"awards": "0342484 Harwood, David", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(167.083333 -77.888889)", "dataset_titles": "Particle-size measurements at 3-m intervals for AND-2A sediment core, McMurdo Sound", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601451", "doi": "10.15784/601451", "keywords": "Andrill; Antarctica; Continental Shelf; Diamict; McMurdo Sound; Miocene; Paleoclimate; Particle Size", "people": "Passchier, Sandra; Candice, Falk", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "ANDRILL", "title": "Particle-size measurements at 3-m intervals for AND-2A sediment core, McMurdo Sound", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601451"}], "date_created": "Fri, 04 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "ANDRILL is a scientific drilling program to investigate Antarctica\u0027s role in global climate change over the last sixty million years. The approach integrates geophysical surveys, new drilling technology, multidisciplinary core analysis, and ice sheet modeling to address four scientific themes: (1) the history of Antarctica\u0027s climate and ice sheets; (2) the evolution of polar biota and ecosystems; (3) the timing and nature of major tectonic and volcanic episodes; and (4) the role of Antarctica in the Earth\u0027s ocean-climate system. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award initiates what may become a long-term program with drilling of two previously inaccessible sediment records beneath the McMurdo Ice Shelf and in South McMurdo Sound. These stratigraphic records cover critical time periods in the development of Antarctica\u0027s major ice sheets. The McMurdo Ice Shelf site focuses on the Ross Ice Shelf, whose size is a sensitive indicator of global climate change. It has recently undergone major calving events, and there is evidence of a thousand-kilometer contraction since the last glacial maximum. As a generator of cold bottom water, the shelf may also play a key role in ocean circulation. The core obtained from this site will also offer insight into sub-ice shelf sedimentary, biologic, and oceanographic processes; the history of Ross Island volcanism; and the flexural response of the lithosphere to volcanic loading, which is important for geophysical and tectonic studies of the region.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe South McMurdo Sound site is located adjacent to the Dry Valleys, and focuses on the major ice sheet overlying East Antarctica. A debate persists regarding the stability of this ice sheet. Evidence from the Dry Valleys supports contradictory conclusions; a stable ice sheet for at least the last fifteen million years or an active ice sheet that cycled through expansions and contractions as recently as a few millions of years ago. Constraining this history is critical to deep-time models of global climate change. The sediment cores will be used to construct an overall glacial and interglacial history for the region; including documentation of sea-ice coverage, sea level, terrestrial vegetation, and melt-water discharge events. The core will also provide a general chronostratigraphic framework for regional seismic studies and help unravel the area\u0027s complex tectonic history.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe broader impacts of this project include formal and informal education, new research infrastructure, various forms of collaboration, and improving society\u0027s understanding of global climate change. Education is supported at the postdoctoral, graduate, undergraduate, and K-12 levels. Teachers and curriculum specialists are integrated into the research program, and a range of video resources will be produced, including a science documentary for television release. New research infrastructure includes equipment for core analysis and ice sheet modeling, as well as development of a unique drilling system to penetrate ice shelves. Drill development and the overall project are co-supported by international collaboration with scientists and the National Antarctic programs of New Zealand, Germany, and Italy. The program also forges new collaborations between research and primarily undergraduate institutions within the United States. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eAs key factors in sea-level rise and oceanic and atmospheric circulation, Antarctica\u0027s ice sheets are important to society\u0027s understanding of global climate change. ANDRILL offers new data on marine and terrestrial temperatures, and changes our understanding of extreme climate events like the formation of polar ice caps. Such data are critical to developing accurate models of the Earth\u0027s climatic future.", "east": 167.083333, "geometry": "POINT(167.083333 -77.888889)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; USAP-DC; FIELD SURVEYS; ICE SHEETS; USA/NSF; Amd/Us; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; Ross Ice Shelf; SEDIMENTS", "locations": "Ross Ice Shelf", "north": -77.888889, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Harwood, David; Levy, Richard", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "ANDRILL", "south": -77.888889, "title": "Collaborative Research: ANDRILL - - Investigating Antarcticas Role in Cenozoic Global Environmental Change", "uid": "p0010297", "west": 167.083333}, {"awards": "1744954 Lubin, Dan", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(-148.81 -81.65)", "dataset_titles": "Siple Dome Surface Energy Flux", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601540", "doi": "10.15784/601540", "keywords": "Antarctica; Siple Dome; Spectroscopy", "people": "Ghiz, Madison; Lubin, Dan", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Siple Dome Surface Energy Flux", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601540"}], "date_created": "Wed, 02 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "We will measure the surface energy balance on West Antarctica as it relates to atmospheric forcing of surface melt and hydrofracturing of ice shelves and grounding-line ice cliffs. In this program we build upon recent experience with a major campaign jointly supported by the US Antarctic Program (USAP) and US Department of Energy (DOE), the Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) West Antarctic Radiation Experiment (AWARE). AWARE deployed a highly advanced suite of atmospheric and climate science instrumentation to McMurdo Station from December 2015 through December 2016, including spectral radiometers, research radars and lidars, and comprehensive meteorological equipment. AWARE also deployed a smaller suite of radiometers, lidars, and rawinsonde equipment to the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Ice Camp during December 2015 and January 2016. This project\u2019s principal investigator, Dr. Lubin (Scripps Institution of Oceanography, SIO), was the AWARE lead scientist. For this program we will deploy a suite instruments to measure downwelling and net shortwave and longwave fluxes, sensible and latent heat fluxes, and near-surface meteorology. This suite of instruments will be self-reliant with power requirements and will be supportable in the field with flexible resources, for example a single Twin Otter aircraft mission. These measurements will be analyzed and interpreted to determine synoptic and mesoscale conditions that govern surface melt in West Antarctica, in the context of improving coupled climate model parameterizations.\r\n", "east": -148.81, "geometry": "POINT(-148.81 -81.65)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ICE SHEETS; Siple Dome; USAP-DC; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; AMD; FIELD SURVEYS; Amd/Us; USA/NSF", "locations": "Siple Dome", "north": -81.65, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Lubin, Dan", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -81.65, "title": "Surface Energy Balance on West Antarctica and the Ross Ice Shelf", "uid": "p0010296", "west": -148.81}, {"awards": "2127632 Rowe, Penny; 2127633 ZOU, XUN", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 01 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Project Summary\r\nOverview\r\nThe Antarctic Peninsula (AP) has been warming faster than the global average since the mid-1960s. Concurrent loss of ice shelves has been associated with glacial discharge into the ocean, with important implications for sea level rise. Surface melt associated with near-surface temperature rise is considered to be a major driver for ice loss, and clouds (particularly liquid-bearing clouds) and water vapor have been implicated in this warming. Clouds and atmospheric water vapor have strong radiative signals that vary seasonally and with cloud properties. In addition, clouds play an important role in several mechanisms that have been linked to warming on the AP. We will use surface- and satellite-based measurements to characterize clouds and humidity. This project maximizes value by using a variety of previous, ongoing, and planned measurements made by an international group of collaborators. This includes novel measurements on the AP, such as lidar and in situ balloon-borne cloud water. These will be compared to outputs from the Polar Weather Research Forecasting model, after which measurements and model results will be used to quantify clouds, water vapor, and radiation and their effects on the surface energy balance at three strategically-located stations: Rothera (upwind of the AP), Marambio (downwind of the AP) and Escudero (north of the AP), in order to provide a detailed characterization of cloud radiative and precipitation-formation properties and their role in surface warming and melt events.\r\nIntellectual Merit\r\nThis work will enhance our understanding of the contributions of clouds, water vapor and radiation to warming over the AP. Processes governing phase partitioning and amounts of supercooled liquid water are crucial for understanding surface melt, and will be explored. In addition, the role of clouds and moisture during foehn and atmospheric river (AR) events, which have been associated with major warming events over the AP, will be characterized. During foehn winds, westerly winds warm and dry as they flow over the AP, often leading to cloud formation on the upwind side and cloud clearance on the lee side, with large influxes of shortwave radiation on the lee side (radiative heating) that exacerbate the temperature differential. The upwind clouds can drive precipitation and latent heating, which can be enhanced by ARs (long corridors of moisture). These mechanisms lead to our hypotheses: 1) Through their effect on the surface energy balance, clouds play an important role in surface warming on the AP; this role is seasonally varying and sensitive to cloud thermodynamic phase, 2) Radiative heating during foehn events is an important contributor to warming at the northern AP, and 3) The radiative effects of clouds and water vapor have strong influences on heating before and during AR events, with significant differences on the two sides of the AP. The proposed work includes novel and creative ways to improve our understanding of polar systems, and is thus a good fit with the goals of OPP.\r\nBroader Impacts\r\nIt is crucial to human welfare to understand mechanisms responsible for the rapid pace of Antarctic ice loss. This work will lead to a better understanding of how clouds are impacting surface melt on the AP in the changing climate. In addition, the proposed work will include several undergraduate research projects. Finally, broader impacts include public outreach through participation at the Pacific Science Center in Seattle, WA. We will bring polar science to the public through free, open-access summer courses at public libraries that will allow the public to gain hands-on experience working with polar data through the use of educational computational modules. These modules have been developed as part of other NSF-funded work, and will be modified to be more suitable to a general audience. We will advertise through local High Schools, with the goal of increasing the participation of women and other groups underrepresented in STEM. This outreach seeks to increase the polar and climate literacy of the public while introducing them to data science, a powerful and rapidly-growing field. \r\n\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; FIELD SURVEYS; AMD; USA/NSF; SURFACE TEMPERATURE; Amd/Us; ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION; Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Zou, Xun", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Cloud Radiative Impact on the Surface Energy Budget of the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "p0010295", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1744789 Padman, Laurence; 1744792 Little, Christopher", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Gridded Values of Conservative Temperature and Absolute Salinity Around Antarctica averaged for the depth range 300 m to min([water depth, 1000]) m", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601516", "doi": "10.15784/601516", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Gridded Values of Conservative Temperature and Absolute Salinity Around Antarctica averaged for the depth range 300 m to min([water depth, 1000]) m", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601516"}], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Continental Shelf; CMIP6; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Little, Chris; Howard, Susan L.; Sun, Qiang; Padman, Laurence", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": "1946326 Doran, Peter", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((161 -77.4,161.3 -77.4,161.6 -77.4,161.9 -77.4,162.2 -77.4,162.5 -77.4,162.8 -77.4,163.1 -77.4,163.4 -77.4,163.7 -77.4,164 -77.4,164 -77.46,164 -77.52,164 -77.58,164 -77.64,164 -77.7,164 -77.76,164 -77.82,164 -77.88,164 -77.94,164 -78,163.7 -78,163.4 -78,163.1 -78,162.8 -78,162.5 -78,162.2 -78,161.9 -78,161.6 -78,161.3 -78,161 -78,161 -77.94,161 -77.88,161 -77.82,161 -77.76,161 -77.7,161 -77.64,161 -77.58,161 -77.52,161 -77.46,161 -77.4))", "dataset_titles": "EAGER: Refining glacial lake history in Taylor Valley, East Antarctica with alternative geochronometers: Infrared Stimulated Luminescence data; EAGER: Refining glacial lake history in Taylor Valley, East Antarctica with alternative geochronometers: in situ 14C data", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601520", "doi": "10.15784/601520", "keywords": "Antarctica; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Sample Location; Taylor Valley", "people": "Stone, Michael; Doran, Peter", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "LTER", "title": "EAGER: Refining glacial lake history in Taylor Valley, East Antarctica with alternative geochronometers: Infrared Stimulated Luminescence data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601520"}, {"dataset_uid": "601521", "doi": "10.15784/601521", "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon-14; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Sample Location; Taylor Valley", "people": "Doran, Peter; Stone, Michael", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "EAGER: Refining glacial lake history in Taylor Valley, East Antarctica with alternative geochronometers: in situ 14C data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601521"}], "date_created": "Mon, 31 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The closed basin lakes of Taylor Valley fluctuate in lake level, responding to the net balance of water gain and loss. Geomorphologic evidence suggests that past lake levels in Taylor Valley were once much higher than they are today. Past studies have largely targeted organic radiocarbon as a means for dating these past lake levels. However, an unconstrained radiocarbon reservoir effect in the region reduces the credibility of those data and the lake level chronologies they produce. Alternative geochronometers are therefore necessary to validify or augment the lake level records produced using organic radiocarbon. This research tests the overarching hypothesis that a multi-proxy geochronologic approach can constrain the timing of major changes in Taylor Valley lake levels. The goals of this study are to provide a coarse-scale absolute chronology for lake level fluctuation in Taylor Valley in order to test the validity of the lake level record hypothesized by the organic radiocarbon datasets, demonstrate that in situ 14C and OSL are effective means to understand the physical dynamics of ancient water bodies, and increase the current understanding of polar lacustrine and ice sheet responses to past and present climatic changes. ", "east": 164.0, "geometry": "POINT(162.5 -77.7)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FIELD SURVEYS; Amd/Us; Taylor Valley; AGE DETERMINATIONS; USA/NSF; AMD; USAP-DC", "locations": "Taylor Valley", "north": -77.4, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Doran, Peter", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LTER", "south": -78.0, "title": "EAGER: Refining glacial lake history in Taylor Valley, East Antarctica with alternative geochronometers", "uid": "p0010294", "west": 161.0}, {"awards": "2032421 Kim, Hyomin; 2031554 Chartier, Alex", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -75,-144 -75,-108 -75,-72 -75,-36 -75,0 -75,36 -75,72 -75,108 -75,144 -75,180 -75,180 -76.5,180 -78,180 -79.5,180 -81,180 -82.5,180 -84,180 -85.5,180 -87,180 -88.5,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -88.5,-180 -87,-180 -85.5,-180 -84,-180 -82.5,-180 -81,-180 -79.5,-180 -78,-180 -76.5,-180 -75))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The deep polar cap is unique in that it contains \"open\" magnetic field lines connecting directly to the interplanetary magnetic field (IMF). These provide a direct pathway for solar wind energy into the ionosphere and upper atmosphere. Important on large scales is the spatial extent of the polar cap, controlled by ionospheric convection and demarcated by the OCB. Observations of that boundary serve the important role of validating magnetic field models. In addition, ULF waves in the polar cap may be related to direct penetration of solar wind. Ionospheric density enhancement, tongue of ionization (TOI), and irregularities causing RF signal scintillations in the polar cap are very important and yet underexplored areas of studies. Motivated by the compelling science in the underexplored polar region, we propose to investigate M-I coupling processes, ionospheric irregularities inside the polar cap and their space weather impacts by establishing a new ground-based network that will be deployed in the Antarctic polar cap region. The goal of this investigation is to establish a spatially extensive ground-based observational record of coupled Magnetosphere-Ionosphere (M-I) dynamics in the deep polar cap. This is to be achieved using three new Autonomous Geophysical Observatories (AGOs) along the Jang Bogo \u2013 Dome C supply route (deployment and maintenance paid for by Korea Polar Research Institute \u2013 KOPRI). ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; USA/NSF; Jang Bogo Station; Jang Bogo Station And A Traverse Route On The Antarctic Plateau; USAP-DC; FIELD SURVEYS; MAGNETIC FIELDS/MAGNETIC CURRENTS; AURORAE; AMD", "locations": "Jang Bogo Station And A Traverse Route On The Antarctic Plateau; Jang Bogo Station", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Facilities; Antarctic Astrophysics and Geospace Sciences; Antarctic Astrophysics and Geospace Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Kim, Hyomin; Perry, Gareth; Chartier, Alex", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Investigation of Deep Polar Cap Dynamics Using an Autonomous Instrument Network", "uid": "p0010288", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1443557 Isbell, John", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -85,-177.1 -85,-174.2 -85,-171.3 -85,-168.4 -85,-165.5 -85,-162.6 -85,-159.7 -85,-156.8 -85,-153.9 -85,-151 -85,-151 -85.2,-151 -85.4,-151 -85.6,-151 -85.8,-151 -86,-151 -86.2,-151 -86.4,-151 -86.6,-151 -86.8,-151 -87,-153.9 -87,-156.8 -87,-159.7 -87,-162.6 -87,-165.5 -87,-168.4 -87,-171.3 -87,-174.2 -87,-177.1 -87,180 -87,179 -87,178 -87,177 -87,176 -87,175 -87,174 -87,173 -87,172 -87,171 -87,170 -87,170 -86.8,170 -86.6,170 -86.4,170 -86.2,170 -86,170 -85.8,170 -85.6,170 -85.4,170 -85.2,170 -85,171 -85,172 -85,173 -85,174 -85,175 -85,176 -85,177 -85,178 -85,179 -85,-180 -85))", "dataset_titles": "A LITHOFACIES ANALYSIS OF A SOUTH POLAR GLACIATION IN THE EARLY PERMIAN: PAGODA FORMATION, SHACKLETON GLACIER REGION, ANTARCTICA; A new stratigraphic framework built on U-Pb single-zircon TIMS agesand implications for the timing ofthe penultimate icehouse (Paran\u00e1 Basin, Brazil); Constraining late Paleozoic ice extent in the Paganzo Basin of western Argentina utilizing U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology for the lower Paganzo Group strata; Coupled stratigraphic and U-Pb zircon age constraints on the late Paleozoic icehouse-to-greenhouse turnover in south-central Gondwana; Isotopes to ice: Constraining provenance of glacial deposits and ice centers in west-central Gondwana; Late Permian soil-forming paleoenvironments on Gondwana: A review; Provenance of late Paleozoic glacial/post-glacial deposits in the eastern Chaco-Paran\u00e1 Basin, Uruguay and southernmost Paran\u00e1 Basin, Brazil; Supplemental material: Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis inferred from stable isotope analysis of fossil tree rings from the Oligocene of Ethiopia; When does large woody debris influence ancient rivers? Dendrochronology\r\napplications in the Permian and Triassic, Antarctica", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200267", "doi": "10.1016/j.palaeo.2021.110762", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Publication", "science_program": null, "title": "Late Permian soil-forming paleoenvironments on Gondwana: A review", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018221005472?via%3Dihub"}, {"dataset_uid": "200269", "doi": "10.1130/G46740.1", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Publication", "science_program": null, "title": "Coupled stratigraphic and U-Pb zircon age constraints on the late Paleozoic icehouse-to-greenhouse turnover in south-central Gondwana", "url": "https://gsapubs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Supplemental_material_Coupled_stratigraphic_and_U-Pb_zircon_age_constraints_on_the_late_Paleozoic_icehouse-to-greenhouse_turnover_in_south-central_Gondwana/12542069"}, {"dataset_uid": "200270", "doi": "10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102989", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Publication", "science_program": null, "title": "Provenance of late Paleozoic glacial/post-glacial deposits in the eastern Chaco-Paran\u00e1 Basin, Uruguay and southernmost Paran\u00e1 Basin, Brazil", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895981120305320#mmc1"}, {"dataset_uid": "200271", "doi": "10.1016/j.palaeo.2019.109544", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Publication", "science_program": null, "title": "When does large woody debris influence ancient rivers? Dendrochronology\r\napplications in the Permian and Triassic, Antarctica", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018219304006?via%3Dihub"}, {"dataset_uid": "200272", "doi": "10.1016/j.jsames.2020.102899", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Publication", "science_program": null, "title": "Constraining late Paleozoic ice extent in the Paganzo Basin of western Argentina utilizing U-Pb detrital zircon geochronology for the lower Paganzo Group strata", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0895981120304429?via%3Dihub#mmc1"}, {"dataset_uid": "200273", "doi": "10.1016/j.palaeo.2018.04.020", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Publication", "science_program": null, "title": "Isotopes to ice: Constraining provenance of glacial deposits and ice centers in west-central Gondwana", "url": "https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0031018217309008?via%3Dihub"}, {"dataset_uid": "200274", "doi": "10.1130/G39213.1", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Publication", "science_program": null, "title": "Supplemental material: Nitrogen-fixing symbiosis inferred from stable isotope analysis of fossil tree rings from the Oligocene of Ethiopia", "url": "https://pubs.geoscienceworld.org/gsa/geology/article-standard/45/8/687/207623/Nitrogen-fixing-symbiosis-inferred-from-stable"}, {"dataset_uid": "200268", "doi": "10.1130/B31775.1.", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Publication", "science_program": null, "title": "A new stratigraphic framework built on U-Pb single-zircon TIMS agesand implications for the timing ofthe penultimate icehouse (Paran\u00e1 Basin, Brazil)", "url": "https://gsapubs.figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/Supplemental_material_A_new_stratigraphic_framework_built_on_U-Pb_single-zircon_TIMS_ages_and_implications_for_the_timing_of_the_penultimate_icehouse_Paran_Basin_Brazil_/12535916"}, {"dataset_uid": "200266", "doi": "10.2110/jsr.2021.004", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Publication", "science_program": null, "title": "A LITHOFACIES ANALYSIS OF A SOUTH POLAR GLACIATION IN THE EARLY PERMIAN: PAGODA FORMATION, SHACKLETON GLACIER REGION, ANTARCTICA", "url": "https://www.sepm.org/publications"}], "date_created": "Fri, 31 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The research focus of this collaborative proposal was to collect fossil plants, fossil wood, stratigraphic, sedimentologic, paleosol, and geochemical data from plants and the rocks that contain them in order to reconstruct the extent of the Gondwana glaciation in the Shackleton Glacier (SHK) area, the invasion and subsequent flourishing of life following glacial retreat, changes to the physical environment, and the eventual recovery of plant life after the Late Permian biotic events. Only in Antarctica does a complete polar-to-near-polar succession occur across this climatic and biologic transition. The SHK is an important one as it is one of the few regions in the world where the Permian-Triassic boundary (PTB) is exposed within terrestrial rocks. In addition, outcrops in the SHK area extend from the glacigenic deposits of the Upper Carboniferous-Lower Permian through to the Upper Triassic and thus record ecosystems and the plants that inhabited them from the Gondwana icehouse into the Late Permian-Early Triassic greenhouse and into presumed \"full recovery\" of floras from the PTB extinctions in the Late Triassic.\r\n\r\nThe project encompassed a multidisciplinary plan that used various types of paleobotanical expertise, integrated with detailed sedimentology, stratigraphy, and geochemistry, in order to reconstruct Permian-Triassic plant communities and their paleoenvironments. This interdisciplinary approach is a powerful tool to uncover details of Antarctica\u2019s complex late Paleozoic and Mesozoic environmental, climatic, and biotic history which included: 1) glaciation/deglaciation, 2) development and evolution of a post-glacial landscape and biota, 3) environmental and biotic change associated with the end-Permian mass extinction events, 4) earliest ecosystems in the Triassic, 5) greenhouse conditions in the Triassic, 6) full \u2019recovery\u2019 of floras and ecosystems by the Late Triassic, and, through all of these events, 7) development and changes in a foreland basin system. Three interrelated focus areas, each delimited by distinct hypotheses and action strategies, provided the framework to trace floral diversity and environmental evolution after the retreat of glaciers through to the Late Triassic. Antarctica is the only place on Earth that includes extensive outcrops of high-paleolatitude terrestrial rocks, combined with widespread and well-preserved plant fossils, and that spans this crucial time.\r\n\r\nThe research and broader impacts of this proposal were integrated into action strategies that have been successful in the past. Compression floras were collected (constrained by stratigraphy) both quantitatively and qualitatively in order to obtain biodiversity and abundance data, and as a data source for paleoecological analysis. Even in formations where megafossils were unknown (e.g., Lower Permian), fossil wood is present so that anatomy and geochemistry of tree rings were examined. Standard sedimentologic and stratigraphic analyses were performed, as well as paleosol analyses, including mineralogic and major- and trace-element geochemistry. Collections will also be made for U-Pb zircon geochronology to better constrain geologic and biotic events.\r\n\r\nThe Broader Impacts of the project involved education and outreach initiatives that included women and under-represented groups in the excitement of Antarctic earth sciences: 1) Continuing successful public outreach, teaching, and mentoring of women and under-represented students in Antarctic research; 2) Participation in workshops for under-represented groups via the Expanding Your Horizons Program in Kansas, the TRIO program (KU), and the STELAR summer workshop (UWM) for high-school students. 3) Outreach via the KU Natural History Museum; 4) Exploring Antarctic geosciences through continued presentations to pre K-12 school groups, and field and lab activities at UWM, as well as links from McMurdo Station and satellite conferences from the field with K-12 science classes in Wisconsin and Illinois.", "east": 170.0, "geometry": "POINT(-170.5 -86)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Shackleton Glacier; SEDIMENTARY ROCKS; GLACIATION", "locations": "Shackleton Glacier", "north": -85.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Isbell, John", "platforms": null, "repo": "Publication", "repositories": "Publication", "science_programs": null, "south": -87.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Permian and Triassic Icehouse to Greenhouse Paleoenvironments and Paleobotany in the Shackleton Glacier Area, Antarctica", "uid": "p0010287", "west": -151.0}, {"awards": "1847067 Levy, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((161 -76,161.35 -76,161.7 -76,162.05 -76,162.4 -76,162.75 -76,163.1 -76,163.45 -76,163.8 -76,164.15 -76,164.5 -76,164.5 -76.2,164.5 -76.4,164.5 -76.6,164.5 -76.8,164.5 -77,164.5 -77.2,164.5 -77.4,164.5 -77.6,164.5 -77.8,164.5 -78,164.15 -78,163.8 -78,163.45 -78,163.1 -78,162.75 -78,162.4 -78,162.05 -78,161.7 -78,161.35 -78,161 -78,161 -77.8,161 -77.6,161 -77.4,161 -77.2,161 -77,161 -76.8,161 -76.6,161 -76.4,161 -76.2,161 -76))", "dataset_titles": "Biogeochemical measurements of water tracks and adjacent dry soils from the McMurdo Dry Valleys; Surface Water Geochemistry from the McMurdo Dry Valleys", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601703", "doi": "10.15784/601703", "keywords": "Antarctica; Dry Valleys", "people": "Levy, Joseph", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Surface Water Geochemistry from the McMurdo Dry Valleys", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601703"}, {"dataset_uid": "601684", "doi": "10.15784/601684", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cation Exchange; Chemistry:soil; Chemistry:Soil; Dry Valleys; Organic Matter; Salt; Soil", "people": "Levy, Joseph", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Biogeochemical measurements of water tracks and adjacent dry soils from the McMurdo Dry Valleys", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601684"}], "date_created": "Fri, 24 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic groundwater drives the regional carbon cycle, accelerates permafrost thaw, and shapes Antarctic climate response. However, groundwater extent, movement, and processes on a continent virtually locked in ice are poorly understood. The proposed work investigates the interplay between groundwater, sediment, and ice in Antarctica\u2019s cold desert landscapes to determine when, where, and why Antarctic groundwater is flowing, and how quickly it will switch Antarctic frozen deserts from dry and stable to wet and disintegrating. Little is known about the extent, chemistry, and duration of groundwater in Antarctic seasonal wetlands. Mapping the changing extent of Antarctic wetlands requires the ability to measure soil moisture rapidly and repeatedly and over large areas. Changing groundwater extent will be captured through an unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV)-based mapping approach. The project integrates a diverse range of sensors with new UAV technologies to provide a higher-resolution and more frequent assessment of Antarctic groundwater extent and composition than can be accomplished using satellite observations alone. To complement the research objectives, the PI will develop a new UAV summer field school, the Geosciences UAV Academy, focused on training undergraduate-level UAV pilots in conducting novel Earth science research using cutting edge imaging tools. The integration of research and technology will prepare students for careers in burgeoning UAV-related industries and research. The project will deliver new UAV tools and workflows for soil moisture mapping relevant to arid regions common not just to Antarctica but to temperate desert and dryland systems and will train student research pilots to tackle next generation airborne challenges. \r\n\r\nWater tracks are the basic hydrological unit that currently feeds the rapidly-changing polar and permafrost wetlands in the Antarctic McMurdo Dry Valleys (MDV). Despite the importance of water tracks in the MDV hydrologic cycle and their influence on biogeochemistry, little is known about how these water tracks control the unique brine processes operating in Antarctic ice-free areas. Both groundwater availability and geochemistry shape Antarctic microbial communities, connecting soil geology and hydrology to carbon cycling and ecosystem functioning. The objectives of this CAREER proposal are to 1) map water tracks to determine the spatial distribution and seasonal magnitude of groundwater impacts on the MDV near-surface environment to determine how water tracks drive irreversible permafrost thaw, how water tracks enhance chemical weathering and biogeochemical cycling, and how water tracks integrate and accelerate climate feedbacks between terrestrial Antarctic soils and the Southern Ocean; 2) establish a UAV academy training earth sciences students to answer geoscience questions using drone-based platforms and remote sensing techniques; and 3) provide a formative step in the development of the PI as a teacher-scholar. UAV-borne hyperspectral imaging complemented with field soil sampling will determine the aerial extent and timing of inundation, water level, and water budget of representative water tracks in the MDV. Soil moisture will be measured via near-infrared reflectance spectroscopy while bulk chemistry of soils and groundwater will be analyzed via ion chromatography and soil x-ray fluorescence. Sedimentological and hydrological properties (suction/matric potential, hydraulic conductivity, etc.) will be determined via analysis of intact core samples. These data will be used to test competing hypotheses regarding the origin of water track solutions and water movement through seasonal wetlands. The will provide a regional understanding of Antarctic groundwater sources, groundwater flux, and the influence of regional hydrogeology on solute export to the Southern Ocean and on soil/atmosphere linkages in earth\u2019s carbon budget. The UAV school will 1) provide comprehensive instruction at the undergraduate level in both how and why UAVs can be used in geoscience research and learning; and 2) provide a long-term piece of educational infrastructure in the form of an ultimately self-sustaining summer program for undergraduate UAV education. \r\n", "east": 164.5, "geometry": "POINT(162.75 -77)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FIELD SURVEYS; Amd/Us; USA/NSF; AMD; USAP-DC; FROZEN GROUND; Taylor Valley", "locations": "Taylor Valley", "north": -76.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Levy, Joseph", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Linking Antarctic Cold Desert Groundwater to Thermokarst \u0026 Chemical Weathering in Partnership with the Geoscience UAV Academy", "uid": "p0010286", "west": 161.0}, {"awards": "2039419 Swanger, Kate", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((161 -77.3,161.2 -77.3,161.4 -77.3,161.6 -77.3,161.8 -77.3,162 -77.3,162.2 -77.3,162.4 -77.3,162.6 -77.3,162.8 -77.3,163 -77.3,163 -77.35,163 -77.4,163 -77.45,163 -77.5,163 -77.55,163 -77.6,163 -77.65,163 -77.7,163 -77.75,163 -77.8,162.8 -77.8,162.6 -77.8,162.4 -77.8,162.2 -77.8,162 -77.8,161.8 -77.8,161.6 -77.8,161.4 -77.8,161.2 -77.8,161 -77.8,161 -77.75,161 -77.7,161 -77.65,161 -77.6,161 -77.55,161 -77.5,161 -77.45,161 -77.4,161 -77.35,161 -77.3))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 16 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The McMurdo Dry Valleys are the largest ice-free region in Antarctica and home to a seasonally active hydrologic system, with streams and saline lakes. Streams are fed by summer meltwater from local glaciers and snowbanks. Therefore, streamflow is tied to summer climate conditions such as air temperatures, ground temperatures, winds, and incoming solar radiation. Based on 50 years of monitoring, summer stream activity has been observed to change, and it likely varied during the geologic past in response to regional climate change and fluctuating glaciers. Thus, deposits from these streams can address questions about past climate, meltwater, and lake level changes in this region. How did meltwater streamflow respond to past climate change? How did streamflow vary during periods of glacial advance and retreat? At what times did large lakes fill many of the valleys and what was their extent? The researchers plan to acquire a record of stream activity for the Dry Valleys that will span the three largest valleys and a time period of about 100,000 years. This record will come from a series of active and ancient alluvial fans that were deposited by streams as they flowed from valley sidewalls onto valley floors. The study will provide a long-term context with which to assess recent observed changes to stream activity and lake levels. The research will be led by two female mid-career investigators and contribute significantly to student research opportunities and education. The research will contribute to graduate and undergraduate education by including students in both field and laboratory research, as well as incorporating data and results into the classroom. The research will be disseminated to K-12 and non-scientific communities through outreach that includes professional development training for K-12 teachers in eastern Massachusetts, development of hands-on activities, visits to K-12 classrooms, and STEM education and literacy activities in North Carolina.\r\n\r\nThe PIs propose to constrain rates of fluvial deposition and periods of increased fluvial activity in the McMurdo Dry Valleys during the Holocene and late Pleistocene. During 50 years of hydrologic monitoring in the Dry Valleys, scientists have observed that streams exhibit significant response to summer conditions. Previous studies of glacial and lacustrine deposits indicate regional glacier advance in the Dry Valleys during recent interglacial periods and high lake levels during and after the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM), with potentially significant low and high stands during the Holocene. However, the geologic record of meltwater activity is poorly constrained. The PIs seek to develop the first spatially-extensive record of stream deposition in the Dry Valleys by analyzing and dating alluvial fans. Given that alluvial fans are deposited by summer meltwater streams in a relatively stable tectonic setting, this record will serve as a proxy of regional summer climate conditions. Meltwater streams are an important component of the regional hydrologic system, connecting glaciers to lakes and affecting ecosystems and soils. A record of fluvial deposition is key to understanding the relationship between past climate change and regional hydrology. The proposed research will include remote- and field-based mapping of alluvial fans, stream channels, and meltwater sources as well as modeling potential incoming solar radiation to the fans and moisture sources during the austral summer. In the field, the PIs will document stratigraphy, collect near-surface sediments from 25 fans across four valleys (Taylor, Pearse, Wright, and Victoria), and collect 2- to 3-m vertical cores of ice-cemented sediments from three alluvial fan complexes. The PIs will then conduct depositional dating of fluvial sands via optically stimulated luminescence, and analyze mineralogy and bulk major element chemistry with X-ray powder diffraction and X-ray fluorescence. From these analyses, the PIs propose to (1) determine the timing of local- to regional-scale periods of high fluvial deposition, (2) calculate depositional rates, and (3) constrain depositional environments and sediment provenance. Given that many of the alluvial fans occur below the hypothesized maximum extents of glacially-dammed lakes in Wright and Victoria valleys, detailed stratigraphy, sediment provenance, and OSL dating of these fans could shed light on ongoing debates regarding the timing and extent of LGM and post-LGM lakes. The work will support a postdoctoral researcher, a PhD student, and many undergraduate and master\u2019s students in cross-disciplinary research that spans stratigraphy, geochemistry, paleoclimatology and physics.", "east": 163.0, "geometry": "POINT(162 -77.55)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FIELD SURVEYS; Amd/Us; SEDIMENTS; USA/NSF; AMD; Dry Valleys; USAP-DC", "locations": "Dry Valleys", "north": -77.3, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Swanger, Kate", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8, "title": "Collaborative Research: Holocene and Late Pleistocene Stream Deposition in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica as a Proxy for Glacial Meltwater and Paleoclimate", "uid": "p0010285", "west": 161.0}, {"awards": "1951500 Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "The impact of boldness on demographic rates and lifehistory outcomes in the wandering albatross", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601770", "doi": "10.15784/601770", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Demography; Sub-Antarctic", "people": "Joanie, Van de Walle; Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "The impact of boldness on demographic rates and lifehistory outcomes in the wandering albatross", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601770"}], "date_created": "Wed, 08 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Overview: To date, studies that have addressed the impacts of global changes have mainly focused on linking climate variability and/or human disturbances to individual life history traits, population dynamics or distribution. However, individual behavior and plasticity mediate these responses. The goal of this project is to understand mechanisms linking environmental changes (climate \u0026 fisheries)- behavioral personality type \u2013 plasticity in foraging behaviors- life history traits \u2013 population dynamics for a seabird breeding in the southern ocean: the wandering albatross. This project will also forecast the population structure and growth rate using the most detailed mechanistic model to date for any wild species incorporating behaviors in an eco-evolutionary context. Specifically, the investigators will (1) characterize the life history strategies along the shy-bold continuum of personalities and across environmental conditions; (2) understand the link between phenotypic plasticity in foraging effort and personality; (3) characterize the heritability of personality and foraging behaviors; (4) develop a stochastic eco-evolutionary model to understand and forecast the distribution of bold and shy individuals within the population and the resulting effect on population growth rate in a changing environment by integrating processes from goals 1, 2 and 3. To date, this has been hampered by the lack of long-term data on personality and life histories in any long-lived species in the wild. For the first time ever, we have tested in a controlled environment the response to a novel situation for ~1800 individuals for more than a decade to define individual personality variation along the shy-bold continuum that we can relate to the life history traits over the entire species life cycle using unique long-term individual mark-recapture data sets for this iconic polar species. The novelty of this project thus lies in the combination of personality, foraging and demographic data to understand and forecast population responses to global change using state-of-the-art statistical analysis and eco-evolutionary modeling approaches. \r\nIntellectual Merit: While there is ubiquitous evidence of personality differences across taxa, the implications for life-history are less clear, and the consequences for population dynamics virtually unexplored empirically. How the phenotypic distributions of personality and foraging behaviors types within a population is created and maintained by ecological (demographic and phenotypic plasticity) and evolutionary (heritability) processes remain an open question. Personality traits are a crucial link between how individuals acquire resources, and how they allocate these to reproduction and survival, and this trade-off drives population dynamics. However, although some studies have found different foraging behaviors or breeding performances between personality types, none have established the link between personality- foraging behaviors \u2013 life histories (both reproduction and survival, and their covariations) in the context of climate change. Furthermore plasticity in foraging behaviors is not considered in the pace-of-life syndrome, which has potentially hampered our ability to find covariation between personality and life history trade-off. Research into the heritability of personality traits has revealed a strong heritable component, but studies looking at the heritability of foraging behaviors are lacking. For the first time ever, this project will fill these knowledge gaps and integrate in an eco-evolutionary model the complex interaction among individual personality and foraging plasticity, heritability of personality and foraging behaviors, life history strategies, population dynamics in a changing environment (fisheries and climate). Furthermore, this project will provide for the first time projections of population size and structure under future global change using state-of-the-art climate projections from IPCC-class atmospheric-oceanic global circulation models.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; NOT APPLICABLE; AMD; ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS; OCEAN TEMPERATURE; USA/NSF; Antarctica; SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS; PENGUINS; Amd/Us", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Jenouvrier, Stephanie; Patrick, Samantha", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e NOT APPLICABLE \u003e NOT APPLICABLE", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Integrating Individual Personality Differences in the Evolutionary Ecology of a Seabird in the Rapidly Changing Polar Environment", "uid": "p0010283", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2037561 Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Code for \u015een et al. 2023; Detecting climate signals in populations: case of emperor penguin", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601491", "doi": "10.15784/601491", "keywords": "Antarctica", "people": "Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Detecting climate signals in populations: case of emperor penguin", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601491"}, {"dataset_uid": "200373", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7803266", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Code for \u015een et al. 2023", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/7803266"}], "date_created": "Wed, 08 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Overview: We aim to provide the most detailed investigation to date of the factors that influence predictability of Antarctic climate, the coupling of climate to penguins populations, and the integration of the two to optimize ecological forecasts. This integrated understanding is critical for guiding future ecological and climate research, prioritizing bio-physical monitoring efforts, and informing conservation decision-making. Our study will reveal the influence of climate system dynamics on ecological predictability across a range of scales and will examine how this role differs among ecological processes, species and regions of Antarctica. \r\n\r\nIntellectual Merit: Many biophysical processes will change in the coming century. Yet, the mechanisms controlling the predictability of many climate processes are still poorly understood, limiting progress in climate forecasting. In parallel, ecological forecasting remains a nascent discipline. In particular, comparative assessments of predictability, both within and among species, are critically needed to understand the factors that allow (or prevent) useful ecological forecasts. While important for ecological science generally, this need is particularly pressing in Antarctica where the environment is highly dynamic, strongly coupled to biological processes, and likely to change in the future. Improved ecological forecasting therefore requires interdisciplinary efforts to understand the causes of predictability in climate, and in tandem, how climate influences the predictability of natural populations.\r\nThis proposed research will examine the predictability of Antarctic climate and its influence on penguin demographic response predictability at various temporal and spatial scales using the longest datasets available for two penguin species. Specifically, the PI will 1) identify the physical mechanisms giving rise to climate predictability in Antarctica, 2) identify the relationships between climate and ecological processes at a range of scales, and 3) reveal the factors controlling ecological predictability across a range of scales (e.g., those relevant for short-term adaptive management versus those relevant at end-of-century timescales). These objectives will be achieved using the analysis of existing climate data and Atmosphere-Ocean Global Circulation Models (AGOCMs), with coupled analysis of existing long-term demographic data for multiple seabird species that span a range of ecological niches, life histories, and study sites across the continent.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS; PENGUINS; Amd/Us; Antarctica; USA/NSF; SEA ICE; NOT APPLICABLE; USAP-DC; AMD", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Jenouvrier, Stephanie; Holland, Marika", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e NOT APPLICABLE \u003e NOT APPLICABLE", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC; Zenodo", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Integrating Antarctic Environmental and Biological Predictability to Obtain Optimal Forecasts", "uid": "p0010282", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1744785 Barrett, John", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -77.62,-145.683 -77.62,-111.366 -77.62,-77.049 -77.62,-42.732 -77.62,-8.415 -77.62,25.902 -77.62,60.219 -77.62,94.536 -77.62,128.853 -77.62,163.17 -77.62,163.17 -77.618,163.17 -77.616,163.17 -77.614,163.17 -77.612,163.17 -77.61,163.17 -77.608,163.17 -77.606,163.17 -77.604,163.17 -77.602,163.17 -77.6,128.853 -77.6,94.536 -77.6,60.219 -77.6,25.902 -77.6,-8.415 -77.6,-42.732 -77.6,-77.049 -77.6,-111.366 -77.6,-145.683 -77.6,180 -77.6,178.319 -77.6,176.638 -77.6,174.957 -77.6,173.276 -77.6,171.595 -77.6,169.914 -77.6,168.233 -77.6,166.552 -77.6,164.871 -77.6,163.19 -77.6,163.19 -77.602,163.19 -77.604,163.19 -77.606,163.19 -77.608,163.19 -77.61,163.19 -77.612,163.19 -77.614,163.19 -77.616,163.19 -77.618,163.19 -77.62,164.871 -77.62,166.552 -77.62,168.233 -77.62,169.914 -77.62,171.595 -77.62,173.276 -77.62,174.957 -77.62,176.638 -77.62,178.319 -77.62,-180 -77.62))", "dataset_titles": "McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Microbial mat biomass and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from Lake Fryxell Basin, Antarctica", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200260", "doi": "doi:10.6073/pasta/9acbbde9abc1e013f8c9fd9c383327f4", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "EDI", "science_program": null, "title": "McMurdo Dry Valleys LTER: Microbial mat biomass and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from Lake Fryxell Basin, Antarctica", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6073/pasta/9acbbde9abc1e013f8c9fd9c383327f4"}], "date_created": "Tue, 30 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This package contains data collected from microbial mat surveys (i.e., percent cover, ash-free dry mass (AFDM), and pigment concentrations \u2013 chlorophyll-a, scytonemin, and carotenoids) associated with satellite-derived Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) values from the Lake Fryxell Basin of Taylor Valley, located in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. The purpose of this study was to quantitatively compare key microbial mat characteristics to NDVI. Data were collected at seven plot locations within the Canada Glacier Antarctic Specially Protected Area (ASPA) near Canada Stream, as well as alongside Green Creek and McKnight Creek. NDVI values were derived from a WorldView-2 multispectral satellite image taken of the Lake Fryxell Basin on January 19, 2018, while biological ground surveying and sampling were conducted during the 2nd and 4th weeks of January 2018. ", "east": 163.19, "geometry": "POINT(-16.82 -77.61)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS; FIELD SURVEYS; USAP-DC; USA/NSF; Taylor Valley; Amd/Us", "locations": "Taylor Valley", "north": -77.6, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Barrett, John; Salvatore, Mark", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "EDI", "repositories": "EDI", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.62, "title": "Collaborative Research: Remote characterization of microbial mats in Taylor Valley, Antarctica through in situ sampling and spectral validation", "uid": "p0010281", "west": 163.17}, {"awards": "1644094 Caffee, Marc; 1644128 Welten, Kees", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(-112.12 -79.48)", "dataset_titles": "WAIS Divide Core 10Be data, 2850-3240 m", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601692", "doi": "10.15784/601692", "keywords": "10Be; Antarctica; Beryllium; Cosmogenic Radionuclides; Ice Core Data; WAIS Divide", "people": "Welten, Kees; Woodruff, Thomas; Caffee, Marc", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "WAIS Divide Core 10Be data, 2850-3240 m", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601692"}], "date_created": "Mon, 15 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The award supports a project to use existing samples from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core to align its timescale with that of the Greenland ice cores using common chronological markers. The upper 2850 m of the WAIS Divide core, which was drilled to a depth of 3405 m, has been dated with high precision. The timescale of the remaining (bottom) 550 m of the core has larger uncertainties, limiting our understanding of the timing of abrupt climate events in Antarctica relative to those in Greenland during the last ice age. The intellectual merit of this project is to further constrain the relative timing of these abrupt climate events in Greenland and Antarctica to obtain crucial insight into the underlying mechanism. The main objective of this project is to improve the current timescale of the WAIS Divide core from 31,000 to 65,000 years ago by synchronizing this core with the Greenland ice cores using common signals in Beryllium-10, a radioactive isotope of Be that is produced in the atmosphere by cosmic rays and is deposited onto the snow within 1-2 years of its production. The 10Be flux is largely independent of climate signals since its production varies with solar activity and the geomagnetic field. This project will further strengthen collaborations between the PI\u2019s in Berkeley and Purdue with ice core researchers in the US and Europe, involve undergraduate students in many aspects of its research, and continue out-reach to under-represented students.\r\n\r\nThe direct ice-to-ice synchronization of the WAIS Divide ice core with the Greenland Ice Core Chronology (GICC05) using cosmogenic 10Be is expected to reduce the uncertainty in the relative timing of more than 20 abrupt climate events in Greenland and Antarctica to a few decades. To achieve this goal we will obtain a continuous high-resolution record of 10Be in the WAIS Divide core from 2850 to 3390 m depth, and compare the obtained 10Be record with existing 10Be records of the Greenland ice cores, including GISP2 and NGRIP. We will separate 10Be from ~1000 ice samples of the WAIS Divide core and measure the 10Be concentration in each sample using accelerator mass spectrometry (AMS). Broader impacts of the 10Be measurements are that they will also provide information on the Laschamp event, a ~2000 year long period of low geomagnetic field strength around 41,000 years ago, and improve the calibration of the 14C dating method for organic samples older than 30,000 years. The broader impacts of the project include (1) the involvement and training of undergraduate students in ice core research and accelerator mass spectrometry measurements, (2) the incorporation of ice core and climate research into ongoing outreach programs at Purdue University and Berkeley SSL, (3) better understanding of abrupt climate changes in the past will improve our ability to predict future climate change, (4) evaluating the possible threat of a future geomagnetic excursion in the next few hundred years. This award does not require support in Antarctica.\r\n", "east": -112.12, "geometry": "POINT(-112.12 -79.48)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USA/NSF; LABORATORY; Amd/Us; WAIS Divide; AMD; USAP-DC; DEPTH AT SPECIFIC AGES", "locations": "WAIS Divide", "north": -79.48, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Welten, Kees; Caffee, Marc", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.48, "title": "Synchronizing the WAIS Divide and Greenland Ice Cores from 30-65 ka BP using high-resolution 10Be measurements", "uid": "p0010280", "west": -112.12}, {"awards": "1643394 Buizert, Christo", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -65,-144 -65,-108 -65,-72 -65,-36 -65,0 -65,36 -65,72 -65,108 -65,144 -65,180 -65,180 -67.5,180 -70,180 -72.5,180 -75,180 -77.5,180 -80,180 -82.5,180 -85,180 -87.5,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87.5,-180 -85,-180 -82.5,-180 -80,-180 -77.5,-180 -75,-180 -72.5,-180 -70,-180 -67.5,-180 -65))", "dataset_titles": "Antarctica 40,000 Year Temperature and Elevation Reconstructions; GISP2 and WAIS Divide Ice Cores 60,000 Year Surface Temperature Reconstructions; WAIS Divide 67-6ka nssS Data and EDML, EDC and TALDICE Volcanic Tie Points", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200256", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCEI", "science_program": null, "title": "WAIS Divide 67-6ka nssS Data and EDML, EDC and TALDICE Volcanic Tie Points", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/24530"}, {"dataset_uid": "200255", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCEI", "science_program": null, "title": "Antarctica 40,000 Year Temperature and Elevation Reconstructions", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/32632"}, {"dataset_uid": "200257", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCEI", "science_program": null, "title": "GISP2 and WAIS Divide Ice Cores 60,000 Year Surface Temperature Reconstructions", "url": "https://www.ncei.noaa.gov/access/paleo-search/study/34133"}], "date_created": "Wed, 10 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to use ice cores to study teleconnections between the northern hemisphere, tropics, and Antarctica during very abrupt climate events that occurred during the last ice age (from 70,000 to 11,000 years ago). The observations can be used to test scientific theories about the role of the westerly winds on atmospheric carbon dioxide. In a warming world, snow fall in Antarctica is expected to increase, which can reduce the Antarctic contribution to sea level rise, all else being equal. The study will investigate how snow fall changed in the past in response to changes in temperature and atmospheric circulation, which can help improve projections of future sea level rise. Antarctica is important for the future evolution of our planet in several ways; it has the largest inventory of land-based ice, equivalent to about 58 m of global sea level and currently contributes about 0.3 mm per year to global sea level rise, which is expected to increase in the future due to global warming. The oceans surrounding Antarctica help regulate the uptake of human-produced carbon dioxide. Shifts in the position and strength of the southern hemisphere westerly winds could change the amount of carbon dioxide that is absorbed by the ocean, which will influence the rate of global warming. The climate and winds near and over Antarctica are linked to the rest of our planet via so-called climatic teleconnections. This means that climate changes in remote places can influence the climate of Antarctica. Understanding how these climatic teleconnections work in both the ocean and atmosphere is an important goal of climate research. The funds will further contribute towards training of a postdoctoral researcher and an early-career researcher; outreach to public schools; and the communication of research findings to the general public via the media, local events, and a series of Wikipedia articles.\r\n\r\nThe project will help to fully characterize the timing and spatial pattern of millennial-scale Antarctic climate change during the deglaciation and Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) cycles using multiple synchronized Antarctic ice cores. The phasing of Antarctic climate change relative to Greenland DO events can distinguish between fast atmospheric teleconnections on sub-decadal timescales, and slow oceanic ones on centennial time scales. Preliminary work suggests that the spatial pattern of Antarctic change can fingerprint specific changes to the atmospheric circulation; in particular, the proposed work will clarify past movements of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds during the DO cycle, which have been hypothesized. The project will help resolve a discrepancy between two previous seminal studies on the precise timing of interhemispheric coupling between ice cores in both hemispheres. The study will further provide state-of-the-art, internally-consistent ice core chronologies for all US Antarctic ice cores, as well as stratigraphic ties that can be used to integrate them into a next-generation Antarctic-wide ice core chronological framework. Combined with ice-flow modeling, these chronologies will be used for a continent-wide study of the relationship between ice sheet accumulation and temperature during the last deglaciation.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ISOTOPES; Antarctica; USA/NSF; AMD; ICE CORE RECORDS; USAP-DC; VOLCANIC DEPOSITS; MODELS; Amd/Us", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -65.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Buizert, Christo; Wettstein, Justin", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e MODELS", "repo": "NCEI", "repositories": "NCEI", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: The Timing and Spatial Expression of the Bipolar Seesaw in Antarctica from Synchronized Ice Cores", "uid": "p0010279", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2138556 Halberstadt, Anna Ruth", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 09 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project combines numerical simulations and geologic data to explore fundamental knowledge gaps regarding the interpretation and use of marine and terrestrial datasets. This work will produce an ensemble of continent-wide coupled ice sheet and glacial isostatic adjustment simulations, constrained with comprehensive existing geologic data, to reproduce a history of deglacial Antarctic Ice Sheet evolution that is compatible with the geologic record as well as glaciologically and gravitationally self-consistent. Comparison between simulations and data is improved through high-resolution nested ice sheet modeling techniques, which provide unprecedented context for exposure age data generally located in regions of complex topography. Numerical simulations will be performed with systematically varied parameters and boundary conditions, and can thus support an investigation of (1) chronological mismatches between terrestrial thinning and marine ice sheet retreat during the mid-Holocene, and (2) how marine grounding-line dynamics are propagated upstream to coastal outlet glaciers and further interior under a variety of different scenarios.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctic Ice Sheet; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; USAP-DC; USA/NSF; MODELS; AMD; Amd/Us", "locations": "Antarctic Ice Sheet", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Post Doc/Travel", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Halberstadt, Anna Ruth", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e MODELS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "OPP-PRF: High-resolution Nested Antarctic Ice Sheet Modeling to Reconcile Marine and Terrestrial Geologic Data", "uid": "p0010278", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2136940 Newman, Dava; 2136938 Tedesco, Marco; 2136939 Cervone, Guido", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 08 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Surface melting and the evolution of the surface hydrological system on Antarctica ice shelves modulate the ice sheet mass balance. Despite its importance, limitations still exist that preclude the scientific community from mapping the spatio-temporal evolution of the surface hydrological system at the required resolutions to make the necessary leap forward to address the current and future evolution of ice shelves in Antarctica (Kingslake et al., 2019). Differently from Greenland, surface melting in Antarctica does not exhibit a dependency from elevation, with most of it occurring over ice shelves, at the sea level and where little elevation gradients exist. Therefore, statistical downscaling techniques using digital elevation models - as in the case of Greenland or other mountain regions - cannot be used. Machine learning (ML) tools can help in this regard. In this project, we address this issue and propose a novel method to map the spatio-temporal evolution of surface meltwater in Antarctica on a daily basis at high spatial (30 - 100 m) resolution using a combination of remote sensing, numerical modeling and machine learning. The final product of this project will consist of daily maps of surface meltwater at resolutions of the order of 100 m for the period 2000 - 2021 that will satisfy the following constraints: a) to be physically consistent with the model prediction and with the underlying governing dynamics for the melt processes; b) to capture the temporal dynamics of the model predictions, which include the temporal sequence of a set of past time steps which lead to the target prediction time, but could also include model predictions valid for a set of future time steps; c) to reconcile the higher spatial resolution of the input satellite measurements with the lower spatial resolution of the numerical model; d) to be consistent with previously generated surface melt products, so that temporal time series can be analyzed; e) to provide a measure of uncertainty to help with testing and validation.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "MODELS; Amd/Us; AMD; USA/NSF; GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE; USAP-DC; Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Polar Cyberinfrastructure; Polar Cyberinfrastructure; Polar Cyberinfrastructure", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Tedesco, Marco", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e MODELS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: EAGER: Generation of high resolution surface melting maps over Antarctica using regional climate models, remote sensing and machine learning", "uid": "p0010277", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2139002 Huth, Alexander", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Simulations of ice-shelf rifting on Larsen C Ice Shelf", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601718", "doi": "10.15784/601718", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Iceberg; Ice Shelf Dynamics; Larsen C Ice Shelf; Model Data; Modeling", "people": "Huth, Alexander", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Simulations of ice-shelf rifting on Larsen C Ice Shelf", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601718"}], "date_created": "Fri, 05 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Icebergs influence climate by controlling how freshwater from ice sheets is distributed into the ocean, where roughly half of ice sheet mass loss is attributed to iceberg calving in the current climate. The freshwater deposited by icebergs as they drift and melt can affect ocean circulation, sea-ice formation, and biological primary productivity. Furthermore, calving of icebergs from ice shelves, the floating extensions of ice sheets, can influence ice sheet evolution and sea-level rise by reducing the resistive stresses provided by ice shelves on the seaward flow of upstream grounded ice. The majority of mass calved from ice shelves occurs in the form of tabular icebergs, which are typically hundreds of meters thick and on the order of tens to hundreds of kilometers in length and width. Tabular calving occurs when full-thickness ice shelf fractures known as rifts propagate to the edges of the ice shelf. These calving events are infrequent, often with decades between events on an individual ice shelf. Changes in tabular calving behavior, i.e., the size and frequency of calving events, can strongly influence climate and ice sheet evolution. However, tabular calving behavior, and how it responds to changes in climate, is neither well understood nor accurately represented in climate models.\r\n\r\nIn this project, a tabular calving parameterization for climate models will be developed. The parameterization will be derived according to data generated from a series of realistic and idealized century-scale tabular calving simulations, which will be performed with a novel ice flow and damage framework that can be applied at the scale of individual ice sheet-ice shelf systems: the CD-MPM-SSA (Continuum Damage Material Point Method for Shelfy-Stream Approximation). During these simulations, the geometry of the ice shelf, mechanical/rheological properties of the ice, and climate forcings such as ocean temperature will be varied to determine the rifting and calving response. The calving parameterization derived from these experiments will be implemented in a Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory (GFDL) climate model, where it will be coupled with a bonded-particle iceberg model. Then, experiments will be run to study the feedback between changes in iceberg calving behavior and climate. Success of this project will improve our understanding and representation of the ice mass budget, ice sheet evolution, and ocean freshwater fluxes, and will improve projections of climate change and sea-level rise.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; ICEBERGS; AMD; Antarctic Ice Sheet; USA/NSF; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; Amd/Us; MODELS", "locations": "Antarctic Ice Sheet", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Post Doc/Travel", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Huth, Alex", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e MODELS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "OPP-PRF Calving, Icebergs, and Climate", "uid": "p0010276", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2139051 Guitard, Michelle", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-45 -57,-44.3 -57,-43.6 -57,-42.9 -57,-42.2 -57,-41.5 -57,-40.8 -57,-40.1 -57,-39.4 -57,-38.7 -57,-38 -57,-38 -57.5,-38 -58,-38 -58.5,-38 -59,-38 -59.5,-38 -60,-38 -60.5,-38 -61,-38 -61.5,-38 -62,-38.7 -62,-39.4 -62,-40.1 -62,-40.8 -62,-41.5 -62,-42.2 -62,-42.9 -62,-43.6 -62,-44.3 -62,-45 -62,-45 -61.5,-45 -61,-45 -60.5,-45 -60,-45 -59.5,-45 -59,-45 -58.5,-45 -58,-45 -57.5,-45 -57))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 05 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Mid-Pleistocene Transition (MPT; ~1.25\u20130.7 Ma) marks the shift from glacial-interglacial cycles paced by obliquity (~41 kyr cycles) to those paced by eccentricity (~100-kyr cycles). This transition occurred despite little variation in Earth\u2019s orbital parameters, suggesting a role for internal climate feedbacks. The MPT was accompanied by decreasing atmospheric pCO2, increasing deep ocean carbon storage, and changes in deep water formation and distribution, all of which are linked to Antarctic margin atmosphere-ice-ocean interactions. However, Pleistocene records that document such interactions are rarely preserved on the shelf due to repeated Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) advance; instead, they are preserved in deep Southern Ocean basins. This project takes advantage of the excellent preservation and recovery of continuous Pleistocene sediment sequences collected from the Scotia Sea during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 382 to test the following hypotheses: 1) Southern Ocean upper ocean temperatures vary on orbital timescales during the early to middle Pleistocene (2.6\u20130.7 Ma), and 2) Southern Ocean temperatures co-vary with AIS advance/retreat cycles. Paleotemperatures will be reconstructed using the TetraEther indeX of tetraethers containing 86 carbons (TEX86), a proxy that utilizes marine archaeal biomarkers. The Scotia Sea TEX86-based paleotemperature record will be compared to records of AIS variability, including ice rafted debris. Expedition 382 records will be compared to orbitally paced climatic time series and the benthic oxygen isotope record of global ice volume and bottom water temperature to determine if a correlation exists between upper ocean temperature, AIS retreat/advance, and orbital climate forcing. ", "east": -38.0, "geometry": "POINT(-41.5 -59.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; USAP-DC; USA/NSF; LABORATORY; AMD; Scotia Sea", "locations": "Scotia Sea", "north": -57.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Post Doc/Travel", "paleo_time": "PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC \u003e QUATERNARY \u003e PLEISTOCENE", "persons": "Michelle, Guitard", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -62.0, "title": "Investigating the influence of ocean temperature on Antarctic Ice Sheet evolution during the early to middle Pleistocene ", "uid": "p0010275", "west": -45.0}, {"awards": "2040048 Ballard, Grant; 2040571 Smith, Walker; 2040199 Ainley, David", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((164 -74,165.6 -74,167.2 -74,168.8 -74,170.4 -74,172 -74,173.6 -74,175.2 -74,176.8 -74,178.4 -74,180 -74,180 -74.4,180 -74.8,180 -75.2,180 -75.6,180 -76,180 -76.4,180 -76.8,180 -77.2,180 -77.6,180 -78,178.4 -78,176.8 -78,175.2 -78,173.6 -78,172 -78,170.4 -78,168.8 -78,167.2 -78,165.6 -78,164 -78,164 -77.6,164 -77.2,164 -76.8,164 -76.4,164 -76,164 -75.6,164 -75.2,164 -74.8,164 -74.4,164 -74))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 25 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Part I: Non-technical description: \r\nThe Ross Sea, a globally important ecological hotspot, hosts 25-45% of the world populations of Ad\u00e9lie and emperor penguins, South Polar skuas, Antarctic petrels, and Weddell seals. It is also one of the few marine protected areas designated within the Southern Ocean, designed to protect the workings of its ecosystem. To achieve that goal requires participation in an international research and monitoring program, and more importantly integration of what is known about these mesopredators, which is a lot, and the biological oceanography of their habitat, parts of which are also well known. The project will acquire data on these species\u2019 food web dynamics through assessing of Ad\u00e9lie penguin foraging behavior, an indicator species, while multi-sensor ocean gliders autonomously quantify prey abundance and distribution as well as ocean properties, including phytoplankton, at the base of the food web. Additionally, satellite imagery will quantify sea ice and whales (competitors) within the penguins\u2019 foraging area. Seasoned researchers and students will be involved, as will a public outreach program that reaches \u003e200 school groups per field season, and \u003e1M visits to the website of an ongoing, related project. Lessons about ecosystem change, and how it is measured, i.e. the STEM fields, will be emphasized. Results will be distributed to the world science and management communities. \r\n\r\nPart II: Technical description: \r\nThis project, in collaboration with the National Environmental Research Council (UK), assesses food web structure in the southwestern Ross Sea, a major portion of the recently designated Ross Sea Region Marine Protected Area, designed to protect the region\u2019s \u201cfood web structure, dynamics and function.\u201d Success requires in-depth, integated ecological information. The western Ross Sea, especially the marginal ice zone of the Ross Sea Polynya (RSP), supports global populations of iconic and indicator species: 25% of emperor penguins, 30% of Ad\u00e9lie penguins, 50% of South Polar skuas, and 45% of Weddell seals. However, while individually well researched, for these members of the upper food web information has been poorly integrated into understanding of Ross Sea food web dynamics and biogeochemistry. Information from multi-sensor ocean gliders, high-resolution satellite imagery, diet analysis and biologging of penguins, when integrated will facilitate understanding of the preyscape within the intensively investigated biogeochemistry of the RSP. UK participation covers a number of glider functions (e.g., providing a state-of-the-art glider at minimal cost, glider programming, ballasting, and operation) and supplies expertise to evaluate the oceanographic conditions of the study area. Several student will be involved, as well as an existing outreach program in a related penguin research project reaching annually \u003e200 school groups and \u003e1M website visits. \r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(172 -76)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; AQUATIC SCIENCES; USA/NSF; Amd/Us; Biologging; AMD; Foraging Ecology; FIELD SURVEYS; Ross Sea; Adelie Penguin", "locations": "Ross Sea", "north": -74.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Ainley, David; Santora, Jarrod; Varsani, Arvind; Smith, Walker; Ballard, Grant; Schmidt, Annie", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research \"P2P: Predators to Plankton -Biophysical Controls in Antarctic Polynyas\"", "uid": "p0010273", "west": 164.0}, {"awards": "1744927 Mitrovica, Jerry; 1745015 Zimmerer, Matthew; 1744949 Campbell, Seth", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-145 -74,-141.6 -74,-138.2 -74,-134.8 -74,-131.4 -74,-128 -74,-124.6 -74,-121.2 -74,-117.8 -74,-114.4 -74,-111 -74,-111 -74.6,-111 -75.2,-111 -75.8,-111 -76.4,-111 -77,-111 -77.6,-111 -78.2,-111 -78.8,-111 -79.4,-111 -80,-114.4 -80,-117.8 -80,-121.2 -80,-124.6 -80,-128 -80,-131.4 -80,-134.8 -80,-138.2 -80,-141.6 -80,-145 -80,-145 -79.4,-145 -78.8,-145 -78.2,-145 -77.6,-145 -77,-145 -76.4,-145 -75.8,-145 -75.2,-145 -74.6,-145 -74))", "dataset_titles": "Mt. Waesche ground-penetrating radar data 2018-2019", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601490", "doi": "10.15784/601490", "keywords": "Antarctica; GPR; Mt. Waesche", "people": "Braddock, Scott", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Mt. Waesche ground-penetrating radar data 2018-2019", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601490"}], "date_created": "Fri, 22 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Projecting future changes in West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) volume and global sea level rise in response to anthropogenic climate warming requires dynamic ice sheet models, which are enhanced by testing and calibrating with geologic evidence. Successfully modeling WAIS behavior during past collapse events \r\nprovides a basis for predictions of future sea level change. Exposure ages of erratics and bedrock throughout west Antarctica constrain higher-than-present WAIS geometry during the LGM and the last deglaciation. Quantifying the past surface elevation from the interior of the ice sheet is especially useful as it directly constrains ice thickness and volume where most of the mass is located. Data that determines WAIS geometry during the last interglacial, the last time that climate was warmer than present and when global sea level was 3-6 m higher, is critical for empirically constraining changes in WAIS volume and its contribution to sea level, as well as, to calibrate ice sheet models. These datasets are essentially non-\r\nexistent, as such evidence is now covered by the WAIS. Initial results from ground-penetrating radar surveys indicate ice depths around 1200 m. ", "east": -111.0, "geometry": "POINT(-128 -77)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FIELD SURVEYS; Mt. Waesche; USA/NSF; SNOW/ICE; GLACIER THICKNESS/ICE SHEET THICKNESS; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; LABORATORY; LAVA COMPOSITION/TEXTURE; Amd/Us; AMD; USAP-DC", "locations": "Mt. Waesche", "north": -74.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Braddock, Scott; Campbell, Seth; Ackert, Robert; Zimmerer, Matthew; Mitrovica, Jerry", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS; OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Constraining West Antarctic Ice Sheet elevation during the last interglacial", "uid": "p0010272", "west": -145.0}, {"awards": "1921418 Yan, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "2019 initial L-band radar data for Dome Concordia; 2019 initial L-band radar data for EGRIP", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601488", "doi": "10.15784/601488", "keywords": "Antarctica; Greenland", "people": "Gogineni, Prasad; Taylor, Drew; O\u0027Neill, Charles; Taylor, Ryan", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "2019 initial L-band radar data for EGRIP", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601488"}, {"dataset_uid": "601489", "doi": "10.15784/601489", "keywords": "Antarctica", "people": "O\u0027Neill, Charles; Gogineni, Prasad; Taylor, Drew; Taylor, Ryan", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "2019 initial L-band radar data for Dome Concordia", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601489"}], "date_created": "Mon, 11 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Predicting the response of ice sheets to changing climate and their contribution to sea level requires accurate representation in numerical models of basal conditions under the ice. There remain large data gaps for these basal boundary conditions under the East Antarctic Ice Sheet as well as in West Antarctica, including basal melt rates under ice shelves. This project developed and tested a prototype ground-based radar system to sound and image ice more than 4km thick, detect thin water films at the ice bed, and determine basal melt rates under ice shelves. The team worked with European partners (France, Italy, Germany) at Dome C to conduct deep-field Antarctic testing of the new radar.\r\n\r\nThe project built and tested an L-band radar system (1.2-1.4GHz) with peak transmit power of 2kW. In addition to sounding and imaging thick ice, detection goals included resolving thin water films (\u003e0.5mm). Such a system targets glaciological problems including site selection for ice in the 1.5-million-year age range, basal stress boundary conditions under grounded ice, and melt rates under floating shelves. By demonstrating feasibility, the project aims to influence sensor selection for satellite missions.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "GLACIER TOPOGRAPHY/ICE SHEET TOPOGRAPHY; GLACIER THICKNESS/ICE SHEET THICKNESS; Amd/Us; USAP-DC; AMD; Greenland; USA/NSF; FIELD SURVEYS; Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica; Greenland", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Science and Technology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Gogineni, Prasad; O\u0027Neill, Charles; Yan, Stephen; Taylor, Drew", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "EAGER: L-Band Radar Ice Sounder for Measuring Ice Basal Conditions and Ice-Shelf Melt Rate", "uid": "p0010271", "west": null}, {"awards": "2035637 Tabor, Clay; 2035580 Aarons, Sarah", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Concentration and flux of ice core dust from ALHIC1903 drilled at the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area; Oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions and associated d-excess of ice from ALHIC1903 drilled at the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area.; Rare earth elemental concentrations of leached ice core dust from ALHIC1903 drilled at the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area.; Strontium and neodymium isotope compositions of ice core dust from ALHIC1903 drilled at the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area.", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601822", "doi": "10.15784/601822", "keywords": "ALHIC1903; Allan Hills; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Deuterium; Hydrogen; Ice; Ice Core Data; Isotope; Oxygen; Water", "people": "Carter, Austin", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions and associated d-excess of ice from ALHIC1903 drilled at the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601822"}, {"dataset_uid": "601820", "doi": "10.15784/601820", "keywords": "ALHIC1903; Allan Hills; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Dust; Ice Core Data; Isotope; Nd; Neodymium; Sr; Strontium", "people": "Carter, Austin", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Strontium and neodymium isotope compositions of ice core dust from ALHIC1903 drilled at the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601820"}, {"dataset_uid": "601821", "doi": "10.15784/601821", "keywords": "ALHIC1903; Allan Hills; Antarctica; Blue Ice; Cryosphere; Dust; Leach; Rare Earth Element", "people": "Carter, Austin", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Rare earth elemental concentrations of leached ice core dust from ALHIC1903 drilled at the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601821"}, {"dataset_uid": "601825", "doi": "10.15784/601825", "keywords": "Accumulation Rate; ALHIC1903; Allan Hills; Antarctica; Blue Ice; Concentration; Cryosphere; Dust; Flux", "people": "Carter, Austin", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Concentration and flux of ice core dust from ALHIC1903 drilled at the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601825"}], "date_created": "Wed, 06 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The spatial extent of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet during the last interglacial period (129,000 to 116,000 years ago) is currently unknown, yet this information is fundamental to projections of the future stability of the ice sheet in a warming climate. Paleoclimate records and proxy evidence such as dust can inform on past environmental conditions and ice-sheet coverage. This project will combine new, high-sensitivity geochemical measurements of dust from Antarctic ice collected at Allan Hills with existing water isotope records to document climate and environmental changes through the last interglacial period. These changes will then be compared with Earth-system model simulations of dust and water isotopes to determine past conditions and constrain the sensitivity of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to warming. The project will test the hypothesis that the uncharacteristically volcanic dust composition observed at another peripheral ice core site at Taylor Glacier during the last interglacial period is related to changes in the spatial extent of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet.\r\n\r\nThis project aims to characterize mineral dust transport during the penultimate glacial-interglacial transition. The team will apply high-precision geochemical techniques to the high-volume, high-resolution ice core drilled at the Allan Hills site in combination with Earth system model simulations to: (1) determine if the volcanic dust signature found in interglacial ice from Taylor Glacier is also found at Allan Hills, (2) determine the likely dust source(s) to this site during the last interglacial, and (3) probe the atmospheric and environmental changes during the last interglacial with a diminished West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The team will develop a suite of measurements on previously drilled ice from Allan Hills, including isotopic compositions of Strontium and Neodymium, trace element concentrations, dust-size distribution, and imaging of ice-core dust to confirm the original signal observed and provide a broader spatial reconstruction of dust transport. In tandem, the team will conduct Earth system modeling with prognostic dust and water-isotope capability to test the sensitivity of dust transport under several plausible ice-sheet and freshwater-flux configurations. By comparing dust reconstruction and model simulations, the team aims to elucidate the driving mechanisms behind dust transport during the last interglacial period.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "MICROPARTICLE CONCENTRATION; FIELD SURVEYS; GEOCHEMISTRY; ICE EXTENT; Amd/Us; USA/NSF; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; AMD; Allan Hills; ICE CORE RECORDS; USAP-DC", "locations": "Allan Hills", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Aarons, Sarah; Tabor, Clay", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Collaborative Research: Peripheral East Antarctic ice as a unique recorder of climate variability during the Last Interglacial", "uid": "p0010270", "west": null}, {"awards": "1745055 Stearns, Leigh; 1745043 Simkins, Lauren", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Circum-Antarctic grounding-line sinuosity; Elevation transects from Pine Island Bay; Pennell Trough, Ross Sea bathymetry and glacial landforms", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601774", "doi": "10.15784/601774", "keywords": "Antarctica; Bed Roughness; Cryosphere; Geomorphology; Pine Island Bay", "people": "Munevar Garcia, Santiago", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Elevation transects from Pine Island Bay", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601774"}, {"dataset_uid": "601484", "doi": "10.15784/601484", "keywords": "Antarctica; Bed Roughness; Bed Slope; Elevation; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Pinning Points", "people": "Stearns, Leigh; Simkins, Lauren; Riverman, Kiya", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Circum-Antarctic grounding-line sinuosity", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601484"}, {"dataset_uid": "601474", "doi": "10.15784/601474", "keywords": "Antarctica; Bathymetry; Elevation; Geomorphology; Glacial History; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Marine Geoscience; NBP1502; Pennell Trough; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer", "people": "Simkins, Lauren; Prothro, Lindsay; Anderson, John; Eareckson, Elizabeth; Greenwood, Sarah; Munevar Garcia, Santiago", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Pennell Trough, Ross Sea bathymetry and glacial landforms", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601474"}], "date_created": "Tue, 28 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The goals of this collaborative project are to merge empirical observations from the deglaciated Antarctic continental shelf and 1-D and 3-D numerical model experiments to test the sensitivity of marine-based ice sheets to subglacial topography with collaborators at the University of Kansas (L. Stearns, C. van der Veen). We focus on five glacial systems (i.e., flowlines) across the Amundsen Sea, Ross Sea, and George V Coast of Wilkes Land that extended to/near the continental shelf break at the Last Glacial Maximum \u2013 with a range of bed characteristics, topographic features, oceanographic and climatic conditions, and patterns of past ice flow and grounding line retreat. Specifically, at the University of Virginia, we (L. Simkins, S. Munevar Garcia) are: (ongoing) exploring bed roughness across the flowlines to determine the sensitivity of ice flow and grounding line behavior to different scales and wavelengths of bed topography/roughness; (upcoming) developing an empirical relationship between ice-marginal landform sediment volume and grounding line occupation time, and combining this with sedimentological analyses and new absolute age constraints to produce more comprehensive timelines of grounding line retreat, influential boundary conditions and processes, and determine the presence/absence of ice shelves; (ongoing) integrating quantitative and qualitative paleo- and offshore data to be incorporated into and/or validate 1-D and 3-D model experiments further testing the sensitivity of the five glacial systems to bed topography; and (completed) co-developing community engagement and education materials that focus on merging paleo-observations and model information of the Antarctic Ice Sheet from the LGM to the present \r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "MARINE SEDIMENTS; USAP-DC; Amd/Us; GLACIERS; BATHYMETRY; GLACIAL LANDFORMS; Antarctica; AMD; USA/NSF; R/V NBP", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Simkins, Lauren; Stearns, Leigh; Anderson, John; van der Veen, Cornelis", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e R/V NBP", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Topographic controls on Antarctic Ice Sheet grounding line retreat - integrating models and observations", "uid": "p0010269", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1331681 Bernard, Kim; 1326541 Oliver, Matthew; 1326167 Fraser, William; 1327248 Kohut, Josh; 1324313 Winsor, Peter", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-65 -62,-64.5 -62,-64 -62,-63.5 -62,-63 -62,-62.5 -62,-62 -62,-61.5 -62,-61 -62,-60.5 -62,-60 -62,-60 -62.3,-60 -62.6,-60 -62.9,-60 -63.2,-60 -63.5,-60 -63.8,-60 -64.1,-60 -64.4,-60 -64.7,-60 -65,-60.5 -65,-61 -65,-61.5 -65,-62 -65,-62.5 -65,-63 -65,-63.5 -65,-64 -65,-64.5 -65,-65 -65,-65 -64.7,-65 -64.4,-65 -64.1,-65 -63.8,-65 -63.5,-65 -63.2,-65 -62.9,-65 -62.6,-65 -62.3,-65 -62))", "dataset_titles": "Expedition Data; Expedition data of LMG1509", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "002730", "doi": null, "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "Expedition data of LMG1509", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/LMG1509"}, {"dataset_uid": "001378", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "Expedition Data", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/LMG1509"}], "date_created": "Mon, 27 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The application of innovative ocean observing and animal telemetry technology over Palmer Deep (Western Antarctic Peninsula; WAP) is leading to new understanding, and also to many new questions related to polar ecosystem processes and their control by bio-physical interactions in the polar environment. This multi-platform field study will investigate the impact of coastal physical processes (e.g. tides, currents, upwelling events, sea-ice) on Ad\u00e9lie penguin foraging ecology in the vicinity of Palmer Deep, off Anvers Island, WAP. Guided by real-time surface convergence and divergences based on remotely sensed surface current maps derived from a coastal network of High Frequency Radars (HFRs), a multidisciplinary research team will adaptively sample the distribution of phytoplankton and zooplankton, which influence Ad\u00e9lie penguin foraging ecology, to understand how local oceanographic processes structure the ecosystem. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eCore educational objectives of this proposal are to increase awareness and \u003cbr/\u003eunderstanding of (i) global climate change, (ii) the unique WAP ecosystem, (iii) innovative methods and technologies used by the researchers, and (iv) careers in ocean sciences, through interactive interviews with scientists, students, and technicians, during the field work. These activities will be directed towards instructional programming for K-16 students and their teachers. Researchers and educators will conduct formative and summative evaluation to improve the educational program and measure its impacts respectively.", "east": -60.0, "geometry": "POINT(-62.5 -63.5)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e PROFILERS/SOUNDERS \u003e CTD; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CHEMICAL METERS/ANALYZERS \u003e FLUOROMETERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e RECORDERS/LOGGERS \u003e AWS; EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS \u003e PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING \u003e POSITIONING/NAVIGATION \u003e GPS \u003e GPS; EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS \u003e ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING \u003e PROFILERS/SOUNDERS \u003e ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS \u003e ECHO SOUNDERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e PROFILERS/SOUNDERS \u003e THERMOSALINOGRAPHS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "R/V LMG; Palmer Station; PELAGIC; USA/NSF; Amd/Us; USAP-DC; AMD; LMG1509", "locations": "Palmer Station", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Bernard, Kim; Kohut, Josh; Oliver, Matthew; Fraser, William; Winsor, Peter", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e R/V LMG", "repo": "R2R", "repositories": "R2R", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Impacts of Local Oceanographic Processes on Adelie Penguin Foraging Ecology Over Palmer Deep", "uid": "p0010268", "west": -65.0}, {"awards": "2225144 Halanych, Kenneth; 1916665 Mahon, Andrew; 1916661 Halanych, Kenneth", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-72 -61,-69.8 -61,-67.6 -61,-65.4 -61,-63.2 -61,-61 -61,-58.8 -61,-56.6 -61,-54.4 -61,-52.2 -61,-50 -61,-50 -61.8,-50 -62.6,-50 -63.4,-50 -64.2,-50 -65,-50 -65.8,-50 -66.6,-50 -67.4,-50 -68.2,-50 -69,-52.2 -69,-54.4 -69,-56.6 -69,-58.8 -69,-61 -69,-63.2 -69,-65.4 -69,-67.6 -69,-69.8 -69,-72 -69,-72 -68.2,-72 -67.4,-72 -66.6,-72 -65.8,-72 -65,-72 -64.2,-72 -63.4,-72 -62.6,-72 -61.8,-72 -61))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Wed, 22 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Overview: \r\nThe ice cover of Antarctica is changing rapidly, and some reports already suggest we are at, or possibly beyond, the tipping point for the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet collapse. Loss of this ice sheet will have profound effects on marine fauna, including dramatically changing habitat availability for benthic marine species in the Southern Ocean. Formation and collapse of the Western Antarctic Ice Sheet is a cyclical process suggesting that we can learn how fauna respond to ice loss by examining historical climate conditions. Evidence from sediment cores suggests a near complete collapse occurred ~1.1 MYA and modeling suggests a collapse as recent at 125 KYA. During such periods, transantarctic seaways connected the Ross and Weddell Seas. Interestingly, most theories regarding marine invertebrate distributions around the Antarctic focus on dispersal by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current or population bottlenecks and expansions generated by repeated cycles of glaciation and fail to account for transcontinental seaways. Although the impact of previous seaways on genetic structure of present-day populations has been largely ignored, a growing body of data reveal historical connections between Ross and Weddell invertebrate communities, suggesting historical dispersal between these present-day disconnected and distant basins. Future ice shelf collapses will likely reestablish such connections causing redistribution of marine taxa. By exploring alternative hypotheses about the factors that may have shaped patterns of biodiversity in the last couple of million years, our proposed work will aid prediction of possible changes that may, or may not, occur as the Antarctic ice sheets continue to deteriorate.\r\nIntellectual Merit: \r\nThe overarching goal of this research is to understand environmental factors that have shaped patterns of present-day diversity in Antarctic benthic marine invertebrates. Building on our previous work examining circumpolar distributions of multiple marine benthic invertebrate, we are particularly interested in assessing if transantarctic waterways may help explain observed similarities between the Ross and Weddell Seas better than other possible explanations (e.g., dispersal by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current, or expansion from common glacial refugia). To this end, we will employ population genomic approaches using Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) markers that sample thousands of loci across the genome. Building on our previous phylogeographic studies, we will target 7 Antarctic benthic invertebrate taxa to test alternative hypothesis accounting for population genetic structure. Additionally, the current paradigm is that divergence between closely related, often cryptic, species is the result of genetic drift due to population bottlenecks caused by glaciation. We will directly test this assumption by mapping SNP data on to draft genomes of three of our target taxa to assess the degree of genetic divergence and look for signs of selection. If linkage groups under selection are found, we will examine cellular mechanisms under selection. Thus, our research directly addresses NSF programmatic goals to understand how Antarctic biota evolve and adapt.\r\nBroader Impacts: \r\nOur approach will test several hypotheses that dominate the current understanding of marine biodiversity patterns in the Antarctic providing relevance to several fields of Antarctic science. Also, there are implications for understanding and predicting effects of future ice shelf collapse. The PIs are committed to developing the next generation of researchers and actively engage underrepresented groups at all career stages. We expect to train a minimum of 4 graduate students, a postdoc and several undergraduates on this project. This work will include several specific outreach activities including continuation of our past social media efforts with cruise blogs which were accessed by several thousand unique IP addresses and presentations in K-8 classrooms that reach about 300+ children a year. We also propose to develop 15-20 short YouTube videos on Antarctic genomics as outreach products, we will conduct a photo exhibition, and we will develop two 3-day workshops aimed at students to introduce them to bioinformatics approaches. These works will have formal assessment. \r\nThis proposal requires fieldwork in the Antarctic. \r\n", "east": -50.0, "geometry": "POINT(-61 -65)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Marguerite Bay; USA/NSF; AMD; Weddell Sea; USAP-DC; FIELD SURVEYS; Amd/Us; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Marguerite Bay", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Halanych, Kenneth; Mahon, Andrew", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Have transantarctic dispersal corridors impacted Antarctic marine biodiversity?", "uid": "p0010266", "west": -72.0}, {"awards": "2049332 Chu, Wing Yin", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -75,-175 -75,-170 -75,-165 -75,-160 -75,-155 -75,-150 -75,-145 -75,-140 -75,-135 -75,-130 -75,-130 -76.1,-130 -77.2,-130 -78.3,-130 -79.4,-130 -80.5,-130 -81.6,-130 -82.7,-130 -83.8,-130 -84.9,-130 -86,-135 -86,-140 -86,-145 -86,-150 -86,-155 -86,-160 -86,-165 -86,-170 -86,-175 -86,180 -86,177.5 -86,175 -86,172.5 -86,170 -86,167.5 -86,165 -86,162.5 -86,160 -86,157.5 -86,155 -86,155 -84.9,155 -83.8,155 -82.7,155 -81.6,155 -80.5,155 -79.4,155 -78.3,155 -77.2,155 -76.1,155 -75,157.5 -75,160 -75,162.5 -75,165 -75,167.5 -75,170 -75,172.5 -75,175 -75,177.5 -75,-180 -75))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Wed, 15 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ice shelves play a critical role in restricting the seaward flow of grounded ice by providing buttressing at their bases and sides. Processes that affect the long-term stability of ice shelves can therefore impact the future contribution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet to global sea-level rise. Ross Ice Shelf is the largest ice shelf on Earth, and it buttresses massive areas of West and East Antarctica. Previous studies of modern ice velocity indicate that Ross Ice Shelf\u2019s mass loss is roughly balanced by its mass gain. However, more recent remote sensing observations extended further back in time reveal the ice shelf is likely not in steady-state, including possible long-term thinning since the late 90s. Therefore, to accurately interpret modern days ice shelf changes, long-term observations are critical to evaluate how these short-term variations fit into the historical context of ice shelf variability. This project examines over four decades (1971 \u2013 2017) of historical and modern airborne radar sounding observations of the Ross Ice Shelf to investigate ice-shelf changes on the decadal timescales. The researchers will process, calibrate, and analyze radar data collected during the 1971-79 SPRI/NSF/TUD campaign and compare them against modern observations from both the 2011-17 NASA Operation IceBridge/NSF CReSIS and the 2015-17 ROSETTA-Ice surveys. They will estimate basal melt rates by examining changes in ice-shelf thickness. They will determine other important basal melt metrics, including ice shelf roughness, englacial temperature, and marine ice formation. This project will support the education of a Ph.D. student from each of the institutions. This project will also support the training of undergraduate and high school researchers more generally in the field of radioglaciology and Antarctic sciences.", "east": -130.0, "geometry": "POINT(-167.5 -80.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; Antarctic Ice Sheet; GLACIER THICKNESS/ICE SHEET THICKNESS; USAP-DC; AMD; Transantarctic Mountains; Amd/Us; Siple Coast; GLACIER TOPOGRAPHY/ICE SHEET TOPOGRAPHY; FIELD SURVEYS; USA/NSF; Ross Ice Shelf", "locations": "Ross Ice Shelf; Antarctic Ice Sheet; Siple Coast; Transantarctic Mountains", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Chu, Winnie; Siegfried, Matt; Schroeder, Dustin", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -86.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Four Decades of Ross Ice Shelf Subsurface Change with Historical and Modern Radar Sounding Data", "uid": "p0010265", "west": 155.0}, {"awards": "1656126 Koppers, Anthony", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "OSU Marine and Geology Repository", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200245", "doi": null, "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "OSU-MGR", "science_program": null, "title": "OSU Marine and Geology Repository", "url": "https://osu-mgr.org/"}], "date_created": "Fri, 10 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Nontechnical Description\r\n\r\nThe Antarctic core collection, curated at Florida State University since 1963, is one of the world\u0027s premier marine geology collections. Consisting of irreplaceable sediment cores, this archive has greatly advanced the understanding of the Earth system, past and present, and will remain critical to future studies of the Earth. Given Oregon State University\u0027s (OSU) leadership in marine research and long track record providing state-of-the-art curatorial services through the OSU Marine and Geology Repository, this facility will provide world-class curatorial stewardship of the Antarctic core collection for decades to come. The Antarctic core collection will be co-located and co-managed with the current OSU collection in a single modern repository and analytical facility. The combined collection will contain more than 30 km of refrigerated sediment core from the world\u0027s oceans and will be housed in a new 33,000 SFT facility purchased in 2009 by OSU and upgraded in 2016-17. The total refrigerated space can hold both collections comfortably and has at least five decades of expansion space.\r\n\r\nThe co-location and co-management of these two collections, paired with a modern suite of analytical facilities, will lead to greater collaboration, cross-pollination of ideas, and availability of enhanced technical services and capabilities for a growing user group that increasingly relies on marine sediments. The facility will employ a comprehensive community interaction plan that takes advantage of the new OSU Marine and Geology Repository building with a 32-person seminar room, its large 1,044 square foot core lab, and ten adjoining analytical laboratories, which will provide scientific and experiential learning opportunities for students, the general public, and the Earth Sciences research community. The facility will organize small group meetings, sampling parties and summer schools that will complement ongoing support for teaching, training and learning through the use of the repository in graduate, undergraduate, and K-12 classes and Research Experience for Undergraduate programs. The repository is open to the general public for tours and presentations, and the data products derived from the facility will be disseminated via the repository website at http://osu-mgr.org/ and other national databases.\r\n\r\nTechnical Description\r\n\r\nThe Antarctic and the Southern Ocean National Collection of Rock and Sediment Cores currently housed at Florida State University will be relocated to Oregon State University (OSU) and housed along with the OSU Marine and Geology Repository. Oregon State University investigators will co-manage the Antarctic core collection and the Marine and Geology Repository as a single modern repository and analytical facility. The combined collection will be housed a new 33,000 square foot building with refrigerated space that can hold both collections with approximately five decades of expansion space. The co-location and co-management of these two collections offers unique curatorial synergies, cost savings, and improved capabilities to support both the research and educational needs of a wider marine and Antarctic communities. The facility will house a 32-person seminar room, a large 1,044 square foot core lab that allows layout, inspection and examination of cores, and adjoining analytical laboratories that will provide quantitative analysis as well as experiential learning opportunities for students.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CORERS \u003e SEDIMENT CORERS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Dredge Samples; MARINE SEDIMENTS; Amd/Us; AMD; SHIPS; USAP-DC; Antarctica; USA/NSF; Sediment Core", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Koppers, Anthony; Stoner, Joseph", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e SHIPS", "repo": "OSU-MGR", "repositories": "OSU-MGR", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Curatorial Stewardship of the Antarctic and the Southern Ocean National Collection of Rock and Sediment Cores at the OSU Marine and Geology Repository", "uid": "p0010262", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2046240 Khan, Alia", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-75 -62,-73.5 -62,-72 -62,-70.5 -62,-69 -62,-67.5 -62,-66 -62,-64.5 -62,-63 -62,-61.5 -62,-60 -62,-60 -62.85,-60 -63.7,-60 -64.55,-60 -65.4,-60 -66.25,-60 -67.1,-60 -67.95,-60 -68.8,-60 -69.65,-60 -70.5,-61.5 -70.5,-63 -70.5,-64.5 -70.5,-66 -70.5,-67.5 -70.5,-69 -70.5,-70.5 -70.5,-72 -70.5,-73.5 -70.5,-75 -70.5,-75 -69.65,-75 -68.8,-75 -67.95,-75 -67.1,-75 -66.25,-75 -65.4,-75 -64.55,-75 -63.7,-75 -62.85,-75 -62))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 10 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Rapid and persistent climate warming in the Western Antarctic Peninsula is likely resulting in intensified snow-algae growth and an extended bloom season in coastal areas. Similarly, deposition of light absorbing particles (LAPs) onto Antarctica cryosphere surfaces, such as black carbon from intensifying Southern Hemisphere wildfire seasons, and dust from the expansion of ice-free regions in the Antarctic Peninsula, may be increasing. The presence of snow algae blooms and LAPs enhance the absorption of solar radiation by snow and ice surfaces. This positive feedback creates a measurable radiative forcing, which can have immediate local and long-term regional impacts on albedo, snow melt and downstream ecosystems. This project will investigate the spatial and temporal distribution of snow algae, black carbon and dust across the Western Antarctica Peninsula region, their response to climate warming, and their role in regional snow and ice melt. Data will be collected across multiple spatial scales from in situ field measurements and sample collection to imagery from ground-based photos and high resolution multi-spectral satellite sensors. Ground measurements will inform development and application of novel algorithms to map algal bloom extent through time using 0.5-3m spatial resolution multi-spectral satellite imagery. Results will be used to improve snow algae parameterization in a new version of the Snow Ice Aerosol Radiation model (SNICARv3) that includes bio-albedo feedbacks, eventually informing models of ice-free area expansion through incorporation of SNICARv3 in the Community Earth System Model. Citizen scientists will be mentored and engaged in the research through an active partnership with the International Association of Antarctic Tour Operators that frequently visits the region. The cruise ship association will facilitate sampling to develop a unique snow algae observing network to validate remote sensing algorithms that map snow algae with high-resolution multi-spectral satellite imagery from space. These time-series will inform instantaneous and interannual radiative forcing calculations to assess impacts of snow algae and LAPs on regional snow melt. Quantifying the spatio-temporal growing season of snow algae and impacts from black carbon and dust will increase our ability to model their impact on snow melt, regional climate warming and ice-free expansion in the Antarctic Peninsula region.", "east": -60.0, "geometry": "POINT(-67.5 -66.25)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FIELD SURVEYS; Antarctic Peninsula; Amd/Us; AMD; SNOW/ICE CHEMISTRY; USA/NSF; USAP-DC; SNOW", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Khan, Alia", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -70.5, "title": "CAREER: Coastal Antarctic Snow Algae and Light Absorbing Particles: Snowmelt, Climate and Ecosystem Impacts", "uid": "p0010263", "west": -75.0}, {"awards": "1643713 Grunow, Anne; 0440695 Grunow, Anne; 1141906 Grunow, Anne; 9910267 Grunow, Anne; 2137467 Grunow, Anne; 0739480 Grunow, Anne", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Marine Geoscience Data System - cruise links; Polar Rock Repository; SESAR sample registration", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200359", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "PRR", "science_program": null, "title": "Polar Rock Repository", "url": "http://research.bpcrc.osu.edu/rr/"}, {"dataset_uid": "200241", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "SESAR", "science_program": null, "title": "SESAR sample registration", "url": "https://www.geosamples.org/about/services#igsnregistration"}, {"dataset_uid": "200242", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "MGDS", "science_program": null, "title": "Marine Geoscience Data System - cruise links", "url": "https://www.marine-geo.org/"}, {"dataset_uid": "200243", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "PRR", "science_program": null, "title": "Polar Rock Repository", "url": "https://prr.osu.edu/"}], "date_created": "Thu, 09 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Polar Rock Repository (PRR) was established to curate and loan geologic samples from polar regions to researchers and educators. OPP established the PRR in part to avoid redundant sample collection and thus reduce the environmental impact of polar research. The PRR also provides the research community with an important resource for developing new research projects. The PRR acquires rock collections through donations from institutions and scientists and makes these samples available as no-cost loans for research, education and museum exhibits. Sample metadata are available in an on-line database. The database also includes rock property information useful for geophysical studies. Researchers may request samples for analysis using an online request form. The PRR fulfills several data management directives, including the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research, Antarctic Data Management directive of providing free, full and open access to both metadata and the samples.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; FIELD SURVEYS; Pacific Ocean; ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS; GLACIATION; AMD; Weddell Sea; Scotia Sea; TECTONICS; Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Amd/Us; USA/NSF; Amundsen Sea", "locations": "Pacific Ocean; Amundsen Sea; Scotia Sea; Weddell Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Grunow, Anne", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "PRR", "repositories": "MGDS; PRR; SESAR", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Continuing Operations Proposal: \r\nThe Polar Rock Repository as a Resource for Earth Systems Science\r\n", "uid": "p0010259", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2103032 Schmittner, Andreas", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 09 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic ice sheet is an important component of Earth\u2019s climate system, as it interacts with the atmosphere, the surrounding Southern Ocean, and the underlaying solid Earth. It is also the largest potential contributor to future sea level rise and a major uncertainty in climate projections. Climate change may trigger instabilities, which may lead to fast and irreversible collapse of parts of the ice sheet. However, very little is known about how interactions between the Antarctic ice sheet and the rest of the climate system affect its behavior, climate, and sea level, partly because most climate models currently do not have fully-interactive ice sheet components. This project investigates Antarctic ice-ocean interactions of the last 20,000 years. A novel numerical climate model will be constructed that includes an interactive Antarctic ice sheet, improving computational infrastructure for research. The model code will be made freely available to the public on a code-sharing site. Paleoclimate data will be synthesized and compared with simulations of the model. The model-data comparison will address three scientific hypotheses regarding past changes in deep ocean circulation, ice sheet, carbon, and sea level. The project will contribute to a better understanding of ice-ocean interactions and past climate variability.\r\n\r\nThis project will test suggestions that ice-ocean interactions have been important for setting deep ocean circulation and carbon storage during the Last Glacial Maximum and subsequent deglaciation. The new model will consist of three existing and well-tested components: (1) an isotope-enabled climate-carbon cycle model of intermediate complexity, (2) a model of the combined Antarctic ice sheet, solid Earth and sea level, and (3) an iceberg model. The coupling will include ocean temperature effects on basal melting of ice shelves, freshwater fluxes from the ice sheet to the ocean, and calving, transport and melting of icebergs. Once constructed and optimized, the model will be applied to simulate the Last Glacial Maximum and subsequent deglaciation. Differences between model versions with full, partial or no coupling will be used to investigate the effects of ice-ocean interactions on the Meridional Overturning Circulation, deep ocean carbon storage and ice sheet fluctuations. Paleoclimate data synthesis will include temperature, carbon and nitrogen isotopes, radiocarbon ages, protactinium-thorium ratios, neodymium isotopes, carbonate ion, dissolved oxygen, relative sea level and terrestrial cosmogenic ages into one multi-proxy database with a consistent updated chronology. The project will support an early-career scientist, one graduate student, undergraduate students, and new and ongoing national and international collaborations. Outreach activities in collaboration with a local science museum will benefit rural communities in Oregon by improving their climate literacy.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ICE CORE RECORDS; Amd/Us; USA/NSF; OCEAN TEMPERATURE; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; MODELS; AMD; United States Of America; OCEAN CURRENTS; ICEBERGS; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS", "locations": "United States Of America", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Schmittner, Andreas; Haight, Andrew ; Clark, Peter", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e MODELS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Investigating Antarctic Ice Sheet-Ocean-Carbon Cycle Interactions During the Last Deglaciation", "uid": "p0010256", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2020706 Hindle, Allyson; 2020664 Vazquez-Medina, Jose Pablo", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((164 -77.2,164.3 -77.2,164.6 -77.2,164.9 -77.2,165.2 -77.2,165.5 -77.2,165.8 -77.2,166.1 -77.2,166.4 -77.2,166.7 -77.2,167 -77.2,167 -77.265,167 -77.33,167 -77.395,167 -77.46,167 -77.525,167 -77.59,167 -77.655,167 -77.72,167 -77.785,167 -77.85,166.7 -77.85,166.4 -77.85,166.1 -77.85,165.8 -77.85,165.5 -77.85,165.2 -77.85,164.9 -77.85,164.6 -77.85,164.3 -77.85,164 -77.85,164 -77.785,164 -77.72,164 -77.655,164 -77.59,164 -77.525,164 -77.46,164 -77.395,164 -77.33,164 -77.265,164 -77.2))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 09 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Weddell seal is a champion diver with high natural tolerance for low blood oxygen concentration (hypoxemia) and inadequate blood supply (ischemia). The processes unique to this species protects their tissues from inflammation and oxidative stress observed in other mammalian tissues exposed to such physiological conditions. This project aims to understand the signatures of the processes that protect seals from inflammation and oxidant stress, using molecular, cellular and metabolic tools. Repetitive short dives before long ones are hypothesized to precondition seal tissues and activate the protective processes. The new aspect of this work is the study of endothelial cells, which sense changes in oxygen and blood flow, providing a link between breath-holding and cellular function. The approach is one of laboratory experiments combined with 2-years of field work in an ice camp off McMurdo Station in Antarctica. The study is structured by three main objectives: 1) laboratory experiments with arterial endothelial cells exposed to changes in oxygen and flow to identify molecular pathways responsible for tolerance of hypoxia and ischemia using several physiological, biochemical and genomic tools including CRSPR/Cas9 knockout and knockdown approaches. 2) Metabolomic analyses of blood metabolites produced by seals during long dives. And 3) Metabolomic and genomic determinations of seal physiology during short dives hypothesized to pre-condition tolerance responses. In the field, blood samples will be taken after seals dive in an isolated ice hole and its diving performance recorded. It is expected that the blood will contain metabolites that can be related to molecular pathways identified in lab experiments. ", "east": 167.0, "geometry": "POINT(165.5 -77.525)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FIELD SURVEYS; USA/NSF; AMD; MAMMALS; McMurdo Sound; Amd/Us", "locations": "McMurdo Sound", "north": -77.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Hindle, Allyson", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -77.85, "title": "Collaborative Research: Role of Endothelial Cell Activation in Hypoxia Tolerance of an Elite Diver, the Weddell Seal", "uid": "p0010257", "west": 164.0}, {"awards": "2114786 Warnock, Jonathan", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 09 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The potential for future sea level rise from melting and collapse of Antarctic ice sheets and glaciers is concerning. We can improve our understanding of how water is exchanged between Antarctic ice sheets and the ocean by studying how ice sheets behaved in past climates, especially conditions that were similar to or warmer than those at present. For this project, the research team will document Antarctica\u2019s response across an interval when Earth transitioned from the warm Pliocene into the Pleistocene ice ages by combining marine and land evidence for glacier variations from sites near the Antarctic Peninsula, complimented by detailed work on timescales and fossil evidence for environmental change. An important goal is to test whether Antarctica\u2019s glaciers changed at the same time as glaciers in the Northern Hemisphere as Earth\u0027s most recent Ice Age intensified, or alternatively responded to regional climate forcing in the Southern Hemisphere. Eleven investigators from seven US institutions, as well as Argentine collaborators, will study new sediment cores from the International Ocean Discovery Program, as well as legacy cores from that program and on-land outcrops on James Ross Island. The group embraces a vertically integrated research program that allows high school, undergraduate, graduate, post-docs and faculty to work together on the same projects. This structure leverages the benefits of near-peer mentoring and the development of a robust collaborative research network while allowing all participants to take ownership of different parts of the project. All members of the team are firmly committed to attracting researchers from under-represented groups and will do this through existing channels as well as via co-creating programming that centers the perspectives of diverse students in conversations about sea-level rise and climate change.\r\nThe proposed research seeks to understand phasing between Northern and Southern Hemisphere glacier and climate changes, as a means to understand drivers and teleconnections. The dynamics of past Antarctic glaciation can be studied using the unique isotope geochemical and mineralogic fingerprints from glacial sectors tied to a well-constrained time model for the stratigraphic successions. The proposed work would further refine the stratigraphic context through coupled biostratigraphic and magnetostratigraphic work. The magnitude of iceberg calving and paths of icebergs will be revealed using the flux, geochemical and mineralogic signatures, and 40Ar/39Ar and U-Pb geochronology of ice-rafted detritus. These provenance tracers will establish which sectors of Antarctica\u2019s ice sheets are more vulnerable to collapse, and the timing and pacing of these events will be revealed by their stratigraphic context. Additionally, the team will work with Argentine collaborators to connect the marine and terrestrial records by studying glacier records intercalated with volcanic flows on James Ross Island. These new constraints will be integrated with a state of the art ice-sheet model to link changes in ice dynamics with their underlying causes. Together, these tight stratigraphic constraints, geochemical signatures, and ice-sheet model simulations will provide a means to compare to the global records of climate change, understand their primary drivers, and elucidate the role of the Antarctic ice sheet in a major, global climatic shift from the Pliocene into the Pleistocene.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "MICROFOSSILS; FIELD SURVEYS; Weddell Sea Embayment; USA/NSF; SEA ICE; USAP-DC; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; SEA SURFACE TEMPERATURE; AMD; Amd/Us", "locations": "Weddell Sea Embayment", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Warnock, Jonathan", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Collaborative Research: Linking Marine and Terrestrial Sedimentary Evidence for Plio-pleistocene Variability of Weddell Embayment and Antarctic Peninsula Glaciation", "uid": "p0010260", "west": null}, {"awards": "2039432 Grapenthin, Ronni", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((165.5 -77.1,165.91 -77.1,166.32 -77.1,166.73 -77.1,167.14 -77.1,167.55 -77.1,167.96 -77.1,168.37 -77.1,168.78 -77.1,169.19 -77.1,169.6 -77.1,169.6 -77.18,169.6 -77.26,169.6 -77.34,169.6 -77.42,169.6 -77.5,169.6 -77.58,169.6 -77.66,169.6 -77.74,169.6 -77.82,169.6 -77.9,169.19 -77.9,168.78 -77.9,168.37 -77.9,167.96 -77.9,167.55 -77.9,167.14 -77.9,166.73 -77.9,166.32 -77.9,165.91 -77.9,165.5 -77.9,165.5 -77.82,165.5 -77.74,165.5 -77.66,165.5 -77.58,165.5 -77.5,165.5 -77.42,165.5 -77.34,165.5 -77.26,165.5 -77.18,165.5 -77.1))", "dataset_titles": "Erebus GPS timeseries ", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601471", "doi": "10.15784/601471", "keywords": "Antarctica; GPS; Mount Erebus; Ross Island", "people": "Grapenthin, Ronni", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Erebus GPS timeseries ", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601471"}], "date_created": "Fri, 03 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The project targets scientific questions recently formulated by the community during the 2016 NSF-sponsored Scientific Drivers and Future of Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory workshop. The location and geometry of the magmatic plumbing from vent to lower crust system remain poorly constrained, particularly below 1 km depth. The style and causes for changes in volcanic and magmatic activity over the short term (minutes to hours) and on the decadal scale remains enigmatic. Two decades of campaign and continuous GPS data on Ross Island provide insights into the longer term dynamics of both, Ross Island growing within the Terror Rift, and Erebus\u0027 deeper magmatic system. We organized and analyzed all existing GPS data for Ross Island, and interpreted anomalies in the resulting time series. The GPS data were consistently processed and interpreted. We generated position time series in a consistent reference frame and make the results available to the community. We find several periods of volcanic transient deformation in the time series, indicating times of inflation before 2004, deflation from 2004-2011 and renewed inflation from October 2020 until June 2021.", "east": 169.6, "geometry": "POINT(167.55 -77.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Ross Island; TECTONICS; USAP-DC; Amd/Us; AMD; CRUSTAL MOTION; USA/NSF; FIELD SURVEYS", "locations": "Ross Island", "north": -77.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Instrumentation and Facilities", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Grapenthin, Ronni", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.9, "title": "Collaborative Research: Multi-Parameter Geophysical Constraints on Volcano Dynamics of Mt. Erebus and Ross Island, Antarctica", "uid": "p0010255", "west": 165.5}, {"awards": "1542936 Goehring, Brent; 1542976 Balco, Gregory", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-145.7 -64.195,-113.988 -64.195,-82.276 -64.195,-50.564 -64.195,-18.852 -64.195,12.86 -64.195,44.572 -64.195,76.284 -64.195,107.996 -64.195,139.708 -64.195,171.42 -64.195,171.42 -66.2096,171.42 -68.2242,171.42 -70.2388,171.42 -72.2534,171.42 -74.268,171.42 -76.2826,171.42 -78.2972,171.42 -80.3118,171.42 -82.3264,171.42 -84.341,139.708 -84.341,107.996 -84.341,76.284 -84.341,44.572 -84.341,12.86 -84.341,-18.852 -84.341,-50.564 -84.341,-82.276 -84.341,-113.988 -84.341,-145.7 -84.341,-145.7 -82.3264,-145.7 -80.3118,-145.7 -78.2972,-145.7 -76.2826,-145.7 -74.268,-145.7 -72.2534,-145.7 -70.2388,-145.7 -68.2242,-145.7 -66.2096,-145.7 -64.195))", "dataset_titles": "Interface for viewing observational data related to exposure ages measurements and calculated geologic ages derived therefrom", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200199", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "ICE-D", "science_program": null, "title": "Interface for viewing observational data related to exposure ages measurements and calculated geologic ages derived therefrom", "url": "https://version2.ice-d.org/antarctica/nsf/"}], "date_created": "Fri, 03 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project focused on geochemical measurements on rock samples from Antarctica that can be used to reconstruct changes in the size and thickness of the Antarctic ice sheets during the past several thousand years. It applied relatively newly developed technology for measurement of cosmic-ray-produced carbon-14 in quartz to gather new and better information on past ice sheet change from rock samples previously collected in past research in Antarctica. Specifically, it aimed to address a lack of information on past ice sheet change from the Weddell Sea embayment, and the primary result of the project is an improved understanding of ice volume change in this sector of Antarctica during the past ca. 15,000 years. This, in turn, is important in understanding the contribution of the Antarctic ice sheets to global sea level change during this time period. ", "east": 171.42, "geometry": "POINT(12.86 -74.268)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; Cosmogenic Dating; GLACIER THICKNESS/ICE SHEET THICKNESS; AMD; USAP-DC; GLACIER ELEVATION/ICE SHEET ELEVATION; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; Carbon-14; USA/NSF; Weddell Sea Embayment; LABORATORY; FIELD SURVEYS; GLACIATION", "locations": "Weddell Sea Embayment", "north": -64.195, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Goehring, Brent; Balco, Gregory", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS; OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "ICE-D", "repositories": "ICE-D", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.341, "title": "COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Resolving Ambiguous Exposure-Age Chronologies of Antarctic Deglaciation with Measurements of In-Situ-Produced Cosmogenic Carbon-14", "uid": "p0010254", "west": -145.7}, {"awards": "1745007 Mayewski, Paul; 1744832 Severinghaus, Jeffrey; 0838843 Kurbatov, Andrei; 1744993 Higgins, John; 1745006 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((159.16667 -76.66667,159.19167 -76.66667,159.21667 -76.66667,159.24167 -76.66667,159.26667 -76.66667,159.29167 -76.66667,159.31667 -76.66667,159.34167 -76.66667,159.36667 -76.66667,159.39167 -76.66667,159.41667 -76.66667,159.41667 -76.673336,159.41667 -76.680002,159.41667 -76.686668,159.41667 -76.693334,159.41667 -76.7,159.41667 -76.706666,159.41667 -76.713332,159.41667 -76.719998,159.41667 -76.726664,159.41667 -76.73333,159.39167 -76.73333,159.36667 -76.73333,159.34167 -76.73333,159.31667 -76.73333,159.29167 -76.73333,159.26667 -76.73333,159.24167 -76.73333,159.21667 -76.73333,159.19167 -76.73333,159.16667 -76.73333,159.16667 -76.726664,159.16667 -76.719998,159.16667 -76.713332,159.16667 -76.706666,159.16667 -76.7,159.16667 -76.693334,159.16667 -76.686668,159.16667 -76.680002,159.16667 -76.673336,159.16667 -76.66667))", "dataset_titles": "Allan Hills 2022-23 Shallow Ice Core Field Report; Allan Hills CMC3 ice core d18Oatm, d15N, dO2/N2, dAr/N2, d40/36Ar, d40/38Ar 2021 \u0026 2022; Allan Hills Stable Water Isotopes; I-165-M GPR Field Report 2019-2020", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601696", "doi": "10.15784/601696", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Ice Core", "people": "Shackleton, Sarah; Brook, Edward J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Allan Hills 2022-23 Shallow Ice Core Field Report", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601696"}, {"dataset_uid": "601620", "doi": "10.15784/601620", "keywords": "18O; Allan Hills; Allan Hills Blue Ice; Antarctica; Blue Ice; Delta 15N; Delta 18O; Dole Effect; Firn Thickness; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Chronology; Ice Core Records", "people": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Allan Hills CMC3 ice core d18Oatm, d15N, dO2/N2, dAr/N2, d40/36Ar, d40/38Ar 2021 \u0026 2022", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601620"}, {"dataset_uid": "601669", "doi": "10.15784/601669", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; GPR; Ice Core; Report", "people": "Nesbitt, Ian; Brook, Edward J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "I-165-M GPR Field Report 2019-2020", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601669"}, {"dataset_uid": "609541", "doi": "10.7265/N5NP22DF", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Isotope", "people": "Spaulding, Nicole; Mayewski, Paul A.; Introne, Douglas; Kurbatov, Andrei V.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Allan Hills Stable Water Isotopes", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609541"}], "date_created": "Fri, 27 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": " Between about 2.8-0.9 Ma, Earth\u2019s climate was characterized by 40 kyr cycles, driven or paced by changes in the tilt of Earth\u2019s spin axis. Much is known about the 40k world from studies of deep-sea sediments, but our understanding of climate change during this period and the transition between the 40kyr glacial cycles from 2.8-0.9 Ma and the 100kyr glacial cycles of the last 0.9 Myr is incomplete because we lack records of Antarctic climate and direct records of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. We propose to address these issues by building on our recent studies of \u003e1 Ma ice discovered in shallow ice cores in the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area (BIA), Antarctica. During the 2015-2016 field season we recovered ice from two nearby drill cores that dates to \u003e 2 million years in age using the 40Ar/38Ar ratio of the trapped gases. Our discovery of ice of this antiquity in two cores demonstrates that there is gas-record quality ice from the 40k world in the Allan Hills BIA. To further characterize the composition of Earth\u2019s atmosphere and Antarctic climate during the 40k world we request support for two field seasons to drill new large-volume (4\u201d or 9\u201d diameter) ice cores at sites where we have previously identified \u003e1 Ma ice and nearby sites where ground penetrating radar has identified bedrock features conducive to the preservation of old ice. ", "east": 159.41667, "geometry": "POINT(159.29167 -76.7)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; USAP-DC; SNOW/ICE; Allan Hills; FIELD SURVEYS; USA/NSF; Amd/Us; LABORATORY", "locations": "Allan Hills", "north": -76.66667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Mayewski, Paul A.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Brook, Edward J.; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Higgins, John", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS; OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.73333, "title": "Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area ", "uid": "p0010253", "west": 159.16667}, {"awards": "2114839 Passchier, Sandra", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Wed, 25 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The project targets the long-term variability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet over several glacial-interglacial cycles in the early Pliocene sedimentary record drilled by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 379 in the Amundsen Sea. Data collection includes 1) the sand provenance of ice-rafted debris and shelf diamictites and its sources within the Amundsen Sea and Antarctic Peninsula region; 2) sedimentary structures and sortable silt calculations from particle size records and reconstructions of current intensities and interactions; and 3) the bulk provenance of continental rise sediments compared to existing data from the Amundsen Sea shelf with investigations into downslope currents as pathways for Antarctic Bottom Water formation. The results are analyzed within a cyclostratigraphic framework of reflectance spectroscopy and colorimetry (RSC) and X-ray fluorescence scanner (XRF) data to gain insight into orbital forcing of the high-latitude processes. The early Pliocene Climatic Optimum (PCO) ~4.5-4.1 Ma spans a major warm period recognized in deep-sea stable isotope and sea-surface temperature records. This period also coincides with a global mean sea level highstand of \u003e 20 m requiring contributions in ice mass loss from Antarctica. The following hypotheses will be tested: 1) that the West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreated from the continental shelf break through an increase in sub iceshelf melt and iceberg calving at the onset of the PCO ~4.5 Ma, and 2) that dense shelf water cascaded down through slope channels after ~4.5 Ma as the continental shelf became exposed during glacial terminations. The project will reveal for the first time how the West Antarctic Ice Sheet operated in a warmer climate state prior to the onset of the current \u201cicehouse\u201d period ~3.3 Ma.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USA/NSF; TERRIGENOUS SEDIMENTS; Amd/Us; SEDIMENTS; FIELD SURVEYS; Amundsen Sea; USAP-DC; AMD", "locations": "Amundsen Sea", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Passchier, Sandra", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "West Antarctic Ice-sheet Change and Paleoceanography in the Amundsen Sea Across the Pliocene Climatic Optimum", "uid": "p0010252", "west": null}, {"awards": "1947562 van Gestel, Natasja; 1643871 van Gestel, Natasja", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-65 -64.5,-64.8 -64.5,-64.6 -64.5,-64.4 -64.5,-64.2 -64.5,-64 -64.5,-63.8 -64.5,-63.6 -64.5,-63.4 -64.5,-63.2 -64.5,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.55,-63 -64.6,-63 -64.65,-63 -64.7,-63 -64.75,-63 -64.8,-63 -64.85,-63 -64.9,-63 -64.95,-63 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.4 -65,-63.6 -65,-63.8 -65,-64 -65,-64.2 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.6 -65,-64.8 -65,-65 -65,-65 -64.95,-65 -64.9,-65 -64.85,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.75,-65 -64.7,-65 -64.65,-65 -64.6,-65 -64.55,-65 -64.5))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Sat, 21 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Responses of the carbon balance of terrestrial ecosystems to warming will feed back to the pace of climate change, but the size and direction of this feedback are poorly constrained. Least known are the effects of warming on carbon losses from soil, and clarifying the major microbial controls is an important research frontier. This study uses a series of experiments and observations to investigate microbial, including autotrophic taxa, and plant controls of net ecosystem productivity in response to warming in intact ecosystems. Field warming is achieved using open-top chambers paired with control plots, arrayed along a productivity gradient. Along this gradient incoming and outgoing carbon fluxes will be measured at the ecosystem-level. The goal is to tie warming-induced shifts in net ecosystem carbon balance to warming effects on soil microbes and plants. The field study will be supplemented with lab temperature incubations. Because soil microbes dominate biogeochemical cycles in Antarctica, a major focus of this study is to determine warming responses of bacteria, fungi and archaea. This is achieved using a cutting-edge stable isotope technique, quantitative stable isotope probing (qSIP) developed by the proposing research team, that can identify the taxa that are active and involved in processing new carbon. This technique can identify individual microbial taxa that are actively participating in biogeochemical cycling of nutrients (through combined use of 18O-water and 13C-bicarbonate) and thus can be distinguished from those that are simply present (cold-preserved). The study further assesses photosynthetic uptake of carbon by the vegetation and their sensitivity to warming. Results will advance research in climate change, plant and soil microbial ecology, and ecosystem modeling.", "east": -63.0, "geometry": "POINT(-64 -64.75)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Palmer Station; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; USA/NSF; AMD; Amd/Us; USAP-DC; FIELD SURVEYS", "locations": "Palmer Station", "north": -64.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "van Gestel, Natasja", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Antarctica as a Model System for Responses of Terrestrial Carbon Balance to Warming", "uid": "p0010251", "west": -65.0}, {"awards": "2046800 Thurber, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((162 -77,162.6 -77,163.2 -77,163.8 -77,164.4 -77,165 -77,165.6 -77,166.2 -77,166.8 -77,167.4 -77,168 -77,168 -77.1,168 -77.2,168 -77.3,168 -77.4,168 -77.5,168 -77.6,168 -77.7,168 -77.8,168 -77.9,168 -78,167.4 -78,166.8 -78,166.2 -78,165.6 -78,165 -78,164.4 -78,163.8 -78,163.2 -78,162.6 -78,162 -78,162 -77.9,162 -77.8,162 -77.7,162 -77.6,162 -77.5,162 -77.4,162 -77.3,162 -77.2,162 -77.1,162 -77))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Sat, 21 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Due to persistent cold temperatures, geographical isolation, and resulting evolutionary distinctness of Southern Ocean fauna, the study of Antarctic reducing habitats has the potential to fundamentally alter our understanding of the biologic processes that inhibit greenhouse gas emissions from our oceans. Marine methane, a greenhouse gas 25x as potent as carbon dioxide for warming our atmosphere, is currently a minor component of atmospheric forcing due to the microbial oxidation of methane within the oceans. Based on studies of persistent deep-sea seeps at mid- and northern latitudes we have learned that bacteria and archaea create a \u2018sediment filter\u2019 that oxidizes methane prior to its release. As increasing global temperatures have and will continue to alter the rate and variance of methane release, the ability of the microbial filter to respond to fluctuations in methane cycles is a critical yet unexplored avenue of research. Antarctica contains vast reservoirs of methane, equivalent to all of the permafrost in the Arctic, and yet we know almost nothing about the fauna that may mitigate its release, as until recently, we had not discovered an active methane seep.\r\n\r\nIn 2012, a methane seep was discovered in the Ross Sea, Antarctica that formed in 2011 providing the first opportunity to study an active Antarctic methane-fueled habitat and simultaneously the impact of microbial succession on the oxidation of methane, a critical ecosystem service. Previous work has shown that after 5 years of seepage, the community was at an early stage of succession and unable to mitigate the release of methane from the seafloor. In addition, additional areas of seepage had begun nearby. This research aims to quantify the community trajectory of these seeps in relation to their role in the Antarctic Ecosystem, from greenhouse gas mitigation through supporting the food web. Through the application of genomic and transcriptomic approaches, taxa involved in methane cycling and genes activated by the addition of methane will be identified and contrasted with those from other geographical locations. These comparisons will elucidate how taxa have evolved and adapted to the polar environment.\r\n\r\nThis research uses a \u2018genome to ecosystem\u2019 approach to advance our understanding of organismal and systems ecology in Antarctica. By quantifying the trajectory of community succession following the onset of methane emission, the research will decipher temporal shifts in biodiversity/ecosystem function relationships. Phylogenomic approaches focusing on taxa involved in methane cycling will advance the burgeoning field of microbial biogeography on a continent where earth\u2019s history may have had a profound yet unquantified impact on microbial evolution. Further, the research will empirically quantify the role of chemosynthesis as a form of export production from seeps and in non-seep habitats in the nearshore Ross Sea benthos, informing our understanding of Antarctic carbon cycling.\r\n", "east": 168.0, "geometry": "POINT(165 -77.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; USA/NSF; USAP-DC; BACTERIA/ARCHAEA; McMurdo Sound; BENTHIC; FIELD SURVEYS; Amd/Us; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS", "locations": "McMurdo Sound", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Thurber, Andrew", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "CAREER: Ecosystem Impacts of Microbial Succession and Production at Antarctic Methane Seeps", "uid": "p0010250", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "1941483 Yager, Patricia; 1941327 Stammerjohn, Sharon; 1941304 Sherrell, Robert; 1941308 Fitzsimmons, Jessica; 1941292 St-Laurent, Pierre", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-120 -71,-118 -71,-116 -71,-114 -71,-112 -71,-110 -71,-108 -71,-106 -71,-104 -71,-102 -71,-100 -71,-100 -71.4,-100 -71.8,-100 -72.2,-100 -72.6,-100 -73,-100 -73.4,-100 -73.8,-100 -74.2,-100 -74.6,-100 -75,-102 -75,-104 -75,-106 -75,-108 -75,-110 -75,-112 -75,-114 -75,-116 -75,-118 -75,-120 -75,-120 -74.6,-120 -74.2,-120 -73.8,-120 -73.4,-120 -73,-120 -72.6,-120 -72.2,-120 -71.8,-120 -71.4,-120 -71))", "dataset_titles": "Dataset: A numerical simulation of the ocean, sea ice and ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea (Antarctica) over the period 2006-2022 and its associated code and input files; Expedition Data of NBP2202; Numerical experiments examining the response of onshore oceanic heat supply to yearly changes in the Amundsen Sea icescape (Antarctica); Vertical ocean profiles collected by a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) package in the Amundsen Sea", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200311", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "Expedition Data of NBP2202", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/NBP2202"}, {"dataset_uid": "200399", "doi": "10.25773/bt54-sj65", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "William \u0026 Mary ScholarWorks", "science_program": null, "title": "Dataset: A numerical simulation of the ocean, sea ice and ice shelves in the Amundsen Sea (Antarctica) over the period 2006-2022 and its associated code and input files", "url": "https://doi.org/10.25773/bt54-sj65"}, {"dataset_uid": "601785", "doi": "10.15784/601785", "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Cryosphere; CTD; NBP2202; Oceanography; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer", "people": "Stammerjohn, Sharon", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "title": "Vertical ocean profiles collected by a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) package in the Amundsen Sea", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601785"}, {"dataset_uid": "200400", "doi": "10.17882/99231", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "SEANOE", "science_program": null, "title": "Numerical experiments examining the response of onshore oceanic heat supply to yearly changes in the Amundsen Sea icescape (Antarctica)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.17882/99231"}], "date_created": "Fri, 20 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": " The Amundsen Sea hosts the most productive polynya in all of Antarctica, with its vibrant green waters visible from space, and an atmospheric CO2 uptake density 10x higher than the Southern Ocean average. The region is vulnerable to climate change, experiencing rapid losses in sea ice, a changing icescape, and some of the fastest melting glaciers flowing from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). ARTEMIS aims to characterize the climate-sensitive nature of glacial meltwater-driven micronutrient (iron, Fe) contributions driving ecosystem productivity and CO2 uptake in the coastal Antarctic. We propose to integrate observations and ocean modeling of these processes to enhance predictive capabilities. Currently, basal melt resulting from warm deep waters penetrating ice shelf cavities dominates mass losses of WAIS, contributing to sea level rise. These physical melting processes are being studied by the International Thwaites Glacier Collaboration (ITGC). The impact of melting on the marine ecosystem has also been explored, and we know that productivity is due in part to Fe-rich, glacial meltwater-driven outflow. The biogeochemical composition of the outflow from the glaciers surrounding the Amundsen Sea is largely unstudied, however. Improved knowledge would provide keys to understanding meltwater\u0027s future impact on the ecosystem. An ongoing field program (TARSAN, part of the ITGC) offers the ideal physical oceanographic framework for our biogeochemical effort. We propose here to collaborate with TARSAN-supported UK scientists, providing value added to both team efforts. ARTEMIS will add shipboard measurements (trace metals, carbonate system, nutrients, organic matter, microorganisms) and biogeochemical sensors on autonomous vehicles to gather critical knowledge needed to understand the impact of the melting WAIS on both the coastal ecosystem and the regional carbon (C) cycle. Driving questions include: 1) what are the fluxes and chemical forms of Fe, C, and microorganisms in the ice shelf outflow? 2) what are the relative contributions to the ouflow from deep water, benthic, and glacial melt sources, and how do these inputs combine to affect the bioavailability of Fe? 3) How are Fe and C compounds modified as the outflow advects along the coastal current and mixes into the bloom region? and 4) what will be the effect of increased glacial melting, changes in the coastal icescape, and declining sea ice on theecosystem of the Amundsen Sea? Such questions fall outside the focus of the ITGC, but are of keen interest to Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems and Antarctic Integrated System Science programs.", "east": -100.0, "geometry": "POINT(-110 -73)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "BIOGEOCHEMICAL CYCLES; USA/NSF; USAP-DC; AMD; Amundsen Sea; Amd/Us; SHIPS", "locations": "Amundsen Sea", "north": -71.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Yager, Patricia; Medeiros, Patricia; Sherrell, Robert; St-Laurent, Pierre; Fitzsimmons, Jessica; Stammerjohn, Sharon", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e SHIPS", "repo": "R2R", "repositories": "R2R; SEANOE; USAP-DC; William \u0026 Mary ScholarWorks", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -75.0, "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Accelerating Thwaites Ecosystem Impacts for the Southern Ocean (ARTEMIS)", "uid": "p0010249", "west": -120.0}, {"awards": "2122248 Waters, Laura", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-127.143608 -77.1380528,-127.1012394 -77.1380528,-127.0588708 -77.1380528,-127.0165022 -77.1380528,-126.9741336 -77.1380528,-126.931765 -77.1380528,-126.8893964 -77.1380528,-126.8470278 -77.1380528,-126.8046592 -77.1380528,-126.7622906 -77.1380528,-126.719922 -77.1380528,-126.719922 -77.14809141,-126.719922 -77.15813002,-126.719922 -77.16816863,-126.719922 -77.17820724,-126.719922 -77.18824585,-126.719922 -77.19828446,-126.719922 -77.20832307,-126.719922 -77.21836168,-126.719922 -77.22840029,-126.719922 -77.2384389,-126.7622906 -77.2384389,-126.8046592 -77.2384389,-126.8470278 -77.2384389,-126.8893964 -77.2384389,-126.931765 -77.2384389,-126.9741336 -77.2384389,-127.0165022 -77.2384389,-127.0588708 -77.2384389,-127.1012394 -77.2384389,-127.143608 -77.2384389,-127.143608 -77.22840029,-127.143608 -77.21836168,-127.143608 -77.20832307,-127.143608 -77.19828446,-127.143608 -77.18824585,-127.143608 -77.17820724,-127.143608 -77.16816863,-127.143608 -77.15813002,-127.143608 -77.14809141,-127.143608 -77.1380528))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 19 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Isotopic and sedimentary datasets reveal that volcanic activity typically increases during interglacial periods. However, the physical mechanisms through which changes in the surface loading affect volcanic magmatic plumbing systems remain unconstrained. Recently generated 40Ar/39Ar eruption ages indicate that 86% of the dated samples from Mt. Waesche, a late Quaternary volcano in Marie Byrd land, correlate with interglacial periods, suggesting this volcano uniquely responds to changes in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. We propose to combine the petrology of Mount Waesche\u2019s volcanic record, constraints on changing ice loads through time, and geodynamic modelling to: (1) Determine how pre-eruptive storage conditions change during glacial and interglacial periods using whole rock and mineral compositions of volcanic rocks; (2) Conduct geodynamic modeling to elucidate the relationship between lithospheric structure, temporal variations in ice sheet thickness, and subsequent changes in crustal stresses and magmatic transport and, therefore, the mechanism(s) by which deglaciation impacts magmatic plumbing systems; (3) Use the outcomes of objectives (1) and (2) to provide new constraints on the changes in ice sheet thickness through time that could plausibly trigger future volcanic and magmatic activity in West Antarctica. This collaborative approach will provide a novel methodology to determine prior magnitudes and rates of ice load changes within the Marie Byrd Land region of Antarctica. Lastly, estimates of WAIS elevation changes from this study will be compared to ongoing studies at Mount Waesche focused on constraining last interglacial ice sheet draw down using cosmogenic exposure ages obtained from shallow drilling. The scope of work also includes a partnership with Mentoring Kids Works to develop several Polar and Earth Science Educational Modules aimed at improving reading skills in third grade students in New Mexico. The proposed Polar and Earth Science program consists of modules that include readings of books introducing students to Earth and Polar science themes, paired with Earth and Polar Science activities, followed by simple experiments, where students make predictions and collect data. Information required to implement our Polar and Earth Science curriculum will be made available online.", "east": -126.719922, "geometry": "POINT(-126.931765 -77.18824585)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Mt. Waesche; GEOCHEMISTRY; LITHOSPHERIC PLATE MOTION; STRESS; Amd/Us; West Antarctica; Executive Committee Range; NOT APPLICABLE; USAP-DC; AMD; MAJOR ELEMENTS; USA/NSF; ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS", "locations": "West Antarctica; Mt. Waesche; Executive Committee Range", "north": -77.1380528, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Waters, Laura; Naliboff, John; Zimmerer, Matthew", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e NOT APPLICABLE \u003e NOT APPLICABLE", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -77.2384389, "title": "Integrating petrologic records and geodynamics: Quantifying the effects of glaciation on crustal stress and eruptive patterns at Mt. Waesche, Executive Committee Range, Antarctica", "uid": "p0010248", "west": -127.143608}, {"awards": "1951603 Lazzara, Matthew", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "AMRDC Repository", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200318", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "AMRDC", "science_program": null, "title": "AMRDC Repository", "url": "https://amrdcdata.ssec.wisc.edu/"}], "date_created": "Tue, 17 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center (AMRDC) project will create an Antarctic meteorological observational data repository and archive system based on an open source platform to manage data from submission to end-user retrieval. The new archival system will host both currently available datasets and campaign meteorological datasets deposited by other Antarctic investigators. Both real-time meteorological data and archive data from the repository (e.g. Antarctic composite satellite imagery, AWS observations, etc.) will be accessible on a newly constructed website. The project will engage undergraduate and graduate students in order to provide them with meaningful experiences that can translate to any science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) career path. Project participants and students will be involved in case studies, climatology reporting and development of whitepapers on related topics.\r\nThe outcomes of this project revolve around data, and the students, researchers, and decision makers who all use and rely on Antarctic meteorological data. The AMRDC will not only be a resource for users, but it will also provide investigators a repository to place campaign datasets and meet NSF standards and requirements. This project also aims to give students Antarctic field experiences who are considering a career in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM).", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "NOT APPLICABLE; USAP-DC; RADAR IMAGERY; United States Of America; Amd/Us; GLACIAL PROCESSES; Antarctica; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; SNOW/ICE; AMD; USA/NSF", "locations": "United States Of America; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Lazzara, Matthew; Havens, Jeffrey F", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e NOT APPLICABLE \u003e NOT APPLICABLE", "repo": "AMRDC", "repositories": "AMRDC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Antarctic Meteorological Research and Data Center", "uid": "p0010247", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1954241 O\u0027\u0027Brien, Kristin", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 17 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The frequency and severity of hypoxic events are increasing in marine and freshwater environments worldwide with climate warming, threatening the health of aquatic ecosystems and the viability of fish populations. The Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica has historically been a stable, icy-cold, and oxygen-rich environment, but is now warming at an unprecedented rate and faster than all other regions in the Southern hemisphere. Evolution at sub-zero temperatures has equipped Antarctic fishes with traits allowing them to thrive in frigid waters, but has diminished their resilience to warming. Presently little is known about the ability of Antarctic fishes to withstand hypoxic conditions that often accompany warming. This research will investigate the hypoxia tolerance of four species of Antarctic fishes, including two species of icefishes that lack the oxygen-carrying protein, hemoglobin, which may compromise their ability to oxygenate tissues under hypoxic conditions. The hypoxia tolerance of Antarctic fish species will be compared to that of a related fish species inhabiting coastal regions of South America. Physiological and biochemical responses to hypoxia will be evaluated and compared amongst the five species to bolster our predictions of the capacity of Antarctic fishes to cope with a changing environment. This research will provide training opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students, and a postdoctoral research fellow. A year-long seminar series hosted by the Aquarium of the Pacific will feature female scientists who work in Antarctica to inspire youth in the greater Los Angeles area to pursue careers in science.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Palmer Station; FIELD SURVEYS; USAP-DC; AMD; USA/NSF; Amd/Us; FISH", "locations": "Palmer Station", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "O\u0027Brien, Kristin", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "ANT LIA: Hypoxia Tolerance in Notothenioid Fishes", "uid": "p0010246", "west": null}, {"awards": "1644171 Blackburn, Terrence", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((162 -77.5,162.2 -77.5,162.4 -77.5,162.6 -77.5,162.8 -77.5,163 -77.5,163.2 -77.5,163.4 -77.5,163.6 -77.5,163.8 -77.5,164 -77.5,164 -77.525,164 -77.55,164 -77.575,164 -77.6,164 -77.625,164 -77.65,164 -77.675,164 -77.7,164 -77.725,164 -77.75,163.8 -77.75,163.6 -77.75,163.4 -77.75,163.2 -77.75,163 -77.75,162.8 -77.75,162.6 -77.75,162.4 -77.75,162.2 -77.75,162 -77.75,162 -77.725,162 -77.7,162 -77.675,162 -77.65,162 -77.625,162 -77.6,162 -77.575,162 -77.55,162 -77.525,162 -77.5))", "dataset_titles": "Isotopic ratios for subglacial precipitates from East Antarctica; U-Th isotopes and major elements in sediments from Taylor Valley, Antarctica", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200240", "doi": "10.26022/IEDA/111548 ", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "EarthChem", "science_program": null, "title": "Isotopic ratios for subglacial precipitates from East Antarctica", "url": "https://doi.org/10.26022/IEDA/111548"}, {"dataset_uid": "601806", "doi": "10.15784/601806", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Erosion; Isotope Data; Major Elements; Soil; Taylor Glacier; Taylor Valley", "people": "Edwards, Graham; Piccione, Gavin; Blackburn, Terrence; Tulaczyk, Slawek", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "U-Th isotopes and major elements in sediments from Taylor Valley, Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601806"}], "date_created": "Fri, 13 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The primary scientific goal of the proposed project is to test whether Taylor Valley, Antarctica has experienced glacial incision in the last ~1 million years in spite of cold climate conditions. One of the Dry Valleys of the Transantarctic Mountains, Taylor Valley exhibits over 2000 m of relief from sub sea-level troughs to high polar peaks. The Dry Valleys are characterized by low mean annual temperatures, paucity of precipitation and erosion that has allowed fragile glacial landforms, now subaerially exposed at high elevations, to be preserved for as long as 15 Ma. Two end member models can explain the timing of glacial incision and the observation that Quaternary advances of Taylor Glacier have left deposits at lower valley elevations with each advance. In the first scenario, all Valley relief is generated prior to 15 Ma when non-polar climates enabled warm-based glaciers to incise and widen fluvial channels more so than peaks. In this case, Quaternary drift deposits record advances of cold-based glaciers of decreasing ice volume. Limited glacial erosion and silt generation results in drift deposits composed primarily of recycled sediments. In the second scenario, selective erosion of the valley floor continues to deepen Taylor Valley over the last 2 Ma while high elevation peaks remain uneroded in polar conditions. The \u2018bathtub rings\u2019 of Quaternary drifts reaching a progressively lower elevation through time could be due to the lowering of the valley floor by subglacial erosion and with it, production of silt which is now incorporated into these drifts. While either scenario would result in the present day topography, they differ in the implied evolution of regional glacial ice volume over time and the timing of both valley relief production and generation of fine-grained particles. Here we propose to distinguish between these two models, by placing time constrains on fine particle production using U-series comminution dating. This new geochronologic tool exploits the loss of 234U due to alpha-recoil. The deficiency in 234U only becomes detectable in particles with a sufficiently high surface-area-to-volume ratio which can incur appreciable 234U loss (\u003c50 \uf0ecm). The timing of comminution and particle size controls the magnitude of 234U loss, up to 10% in silt-sized particles comminuted over 1.5 million years ago. And while this geochronologic tool is in its infancy, the scientific goal of this proposal can be achieved by resolving between ancient and recently comminuted fine particles, a binary question that our preliminary modeling and measured data show is readily resolved.", "east": 164.0, "geometry": "POINT(163 -77.625)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ICE SHEETS; Taylor Valley", "locations": "Taylor Valley", "north": -77.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Blackburn, Terrence; Tulaczyk, Slawek", "platforms": null, "repo": "EarthChem", "repositories": "EarthChem; USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.75, "title": "U-Series Comminution Age Constraints on Taylor Valley Erosion", "uid": "p0010243", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "1341649 Johnson, Leah; 1740239 Johnson, Leah", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 13 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Albatrosses (family Diomedeidae) are among the most threatened of bird species. Of the 22 species that are currently recognized, all are considered at least Threatened or Near-Threatened, and 9 are listed as Endangered or Critically Endangered. Because of the decline in albatross populations and the birds\u0027 role as a top predator in the pelagic ecosystem, it is vitally important to understand the factors affecting the population dynamics of these birds to better inform strategies for conservation and mitigating environmental change. The goal of this project is to answer the question: What are the population consequences of albatross bioenergetics and foraging strategies? The project took a two pronged approach: 1) constructing, parameterizing, and validating a Dynamic Energy Budget model to understand growth and constraints on foraging; and 2) undertaking an in-depth meta-analysis of existing individual tracking and life history data from multiple albatross species across successive life stages. This theoretical work will be grounded with a unique and extensive data set on albatrosses provided by collaborator Richard Phillips from the British Antarctic Survey. Bioenergetics constrain a variety of behaviors. A more complete understanding of how individuals use energy can give insight into how behaviors from foraging to breeding and survival, and resulting population attributes, might change with environmental factors, due to anthropogenic and other drivers. This work will further a general understanding of how bioenergetics shapes behavior and drives population level processes, while providing an approach that can be used to guide conservation strategies for endangered populations. The research findings and activities were made accessible to public audiences through websites and a blog maintained for the project by a postdoctoral researcher. The project involved undergraduate researchers in the project, within formal laboratory groups and also through in-classroom presentations and activities. This project also involved public outreach through twitter and other venues. All project publications are open access, the resulting open source software was released to the public, and metadata and analyses are fully documented to promote further collaborative exploration of this system.\r\n\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "BIRDS; Amd/Us; USAP-DC; AMD; USA/NSF; MODELS; United States Of America", "locations": "United States Of America", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Johnson, Leah; Ryan, Sadie", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e MODELS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Quantifying how Bioenergetics and Foraging Determine Population Dynamics in Threatened Antarctic Albatrosses", "uid": "p0010242", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1744999 Todgham, Anne", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((162 -77,162.8 -77,163.6 -77,164.4 -77,165.2 -77,166 -77,166.8 -77,167.6 -77,168.4 -77,169.2 -77,170 -77,170 -77.1,170 -77.2,170 -77.3,170 -77.4,170 -77.5,170 -77.6,170 -77.7,170 -77.8,170 -77.9,170 -78,169.2 -78,168.4 -78,167.6 -78,166.8 -78,166 -78,165.2 -78,164.4 -78,163.6 -78,162.8 -78,162 -78,162 -77.9,162 -77.8,162 -77.7,162 -77.6,162 -77.5,162 -77.4,162 -77.3,162 -77.2,162 -77.1,162 -77))", "dataset_titles": "A comparative and ontogenetic examination of mitochondrial function in Antarctic notothenioid species; Differential temperature preferences exhibited in the juvenile Antarctic notothenioids Trematomus bernacchii and Trematomus pennellii", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601766", "doi": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; McMurdo Sound", "people": "Frazier, Amanda; Mandic, Milica; Todgham, Anne; Naslund, Andrew", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "A comparative and ontogenetic examination of mitochondrial function in Antarctic notothenioid species", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601766"}, {"dataset_uid": "601765", "doi": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; McMurdo Sound; Ross Sea", "people": "Mandic, Milica; Todgham, Anne; Naslund, Andrew; Zillig, Ken; Frazier, Amanda", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Differential temperature preferences exhibited in the juvenile Antarctic notothenioids Trematomus bernacchii and Trematomus pennellii", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601765"}], "date_created": "Thu, 12 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project fits within the second of three major themes identified by the National Academy of Science report \u201cA Strategic Vision for NSF Investments in Antarctic and Southern Ocean Research\u201d. How do Antarctic biota evolve and adapt to the changing environment? Decoding the genomic and transcriptomic bases of biological adaptation and response across Antarctic organisms and ecosystems. Central in this theme is the physiological capacity of animals to cope with changes in environmental conditions over their lifetime, which this research firmly addresses. In the Southern Ocean surrounding Antarctica there is an extraordinary diversity of marine life. Much of our understanding of the biology of these animals comes from studies of the adaptations of these animals to sub-zero ocean conditions. Antarctic marine organisms have evolved to survive in stable, cold ocean conditions and possess a limited capacity to respond to environmental change. Research to date on Antarctic fishes has focused on adult life stages with much less research on early life stages that likely prioritize growth and development and not physiological mechanisms of stress tolerance. This project addresses the mechanisms that early life stages (embryos, larvae and juveniles) of Antarctic fishes use to respond to changes in ocean conditions. Specifically, the project will examine energetic trade-offs between key developmental processes in the context of environmental change. While the project focuses on Antarctic species, the research is highly translatable to stress tolerance mechanisms of fishes along the coast of North America, many of which are also experiencing changes in multiple environmental factors. Research in the Antarctic allows scientists to identify unifying themes or generalities in physiology that extend beyond the waters of the Southern Ocean and therefore have broad implications for understanding what is limiting the performance of fishes globally. BROADER IMPACTS \u2013To build environmental stewardship and awareness, we must increase science literacy in the broader community. This project does this through three main objectives. First is to increase the diversity of students involved in environmental science research. Student diversity, in turn, gives the scientific community a broader perspective for addressing critical challenges in environmental biology. This project provides resources to support three PhD students, one postdoctoral scholar and two undergraduate students and promotes the diversity of young scientists and the advancement of groups traditionally underrepresented in environmental biology. Todgham will broaden the outreach effort by developing exhibits on environmental change impacts on polar regions for large public events, an opportunity to engage K-12 students, government officials in Sacramento and local and statewide communities. Lastly, through a collaboration with PolarTREC and teacher Denise Hardoy, lesson plans have been developed to teach K-12 students about experimental design, polar environments and sensitivity of Antarctic species to climate change.", "east": 170.0, "geometry": "POINT(166 -77.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FIELD SURVEYS; AMD; McMurdo Sound; FISH; USA/NSF; Amd/Us; USAP-DC", "locations": "McMurdo Sound", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Todgham, Anne", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Interacting Stressors: Metabolic Capacity to Acclimate under Ocean Warming and CO2- Acidification in Early Developmental Stages of Antarctic Fishes", "uid": "p0010241", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "1927742 Fleming, Alyson; 1927709 Friedlaender, Ari; 1947453 Hunt, Kathleen", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((150 -60,153 -60,156 -60,159 -60,162 -60,165 -60,168 -60,171 -60,174 -60,177 -60,180 -60,180 -61.5,180 -63,180 -64.5,180 -66,180 -67.5,180 -69,180 -70.5,180 -72,180 -73.5,180 -75,177 -75,174 -75,171 -75,168 -75,165 -75,162 -75,159 -75,156 -75,153 -75,150 -75,150 -73.5,150 -72,150 -70.5,150 -69,150 -67.5,150 -66,150 -64.5,150 -63,150 -61.5,150 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 10 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "An archive of baleen plates from 800 Antarctic blue and fin whales harvested between 1946 and 1948 was recently rediscovered in the Smithsonian\u2019s National Museum of Natural History. As baleen grows, it incorporates compounds from the whale\u2019s diet and surroundings, recording continuous biological and oceanographic information across multiple years. The baleen record forms an ideal experimental platform for studying bottom-up, top-down and anthropogenic impacts on blue and fin whales. Such insights are likely impossible to obtain through any other means as blue and fin whales now number ~1 and 4% of their pre-whaling abundances. The baleen archive includes years with strong climate and temperature anomalies allowing the influence of climate variability on predators and the ecosystems that support them to be examined. Additionally, the impact of whaling on whale stress levels will be investigated by comparing years of intensive whaling with the non-whaling years of WWII, both of which are captured in the time series. We will use 1) bulk stable isotopes to examine the trophic dynamics of Antarctic blue and fin whales, 2) compound-specific stable isotope analysis (CSIA-AA) to characterize the biogeochemistry of the base of the Antarctic food web and 3) hormone analyses to examine the population biology of these species. These investigations will fill major gaps in our understanding of the largest krill predators, their response to disturbance and environmental change, and the impact that commercial whaling has had on the structure and function of the Antarctic marine ecosystem.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(165 -67.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS; PELAGIC; MAMMALS; LABORATORY; AMD; Amd/Us; Southern Ocean; USAP-DC; USA/NSF", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Fleming, Alyson; Friedlaender, Ari; McCarthy, Matthew; Hunt, Kathleen", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -75.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: A New Baseline for Antarctic Blue and Fin Whales", "uid": "p0010240", "west": 150.0}, {"awards": "1746087 Tarrant, Ann", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-80 -60,-77.5 -60,-75 -60,-72.5 -60,-70 -60,-67.5 -60,-65 -60,-62.5 -60,-60 -60,-57.5 -60,-55 -60,-55 -61,-55 -62,-55 -63,-55 -64,-55 -65,-55 -66,-55 -67,-55 -68,-55 -69,-55 -70,-57.5 -70,-60 -70,-62.5 -70,-65 -70,-67.5 -70,-70 -70,-72.5 -70,-75 -70,-77.5 -70,-80 -70,-80 -69,-80 -68,-80 -67,-80 -66,-80 -65,-80 -64,-80 -63,-80 -62,-80 -61,-80 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Calanoides acutus: Transcriptome and gene expression data; BioProject PRJNA757455; Calanus propinquus: Transcriptome and gene expression data; BioProject PRJNA669816; Expedition data of LMG1901; Rhincalanus gigas: Transcriptome and gene expression data; BioProject PRJNA666170", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200283", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCBI", "science_program": null, "title": "Calanus propinquus: Transcriptome and gene expression data; BioProject PRJNA669816", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA669816"}, {"dataset_uid": "200125", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "Expedition data of LMG1901", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/LMG1901"}, {"dataset_uid": "200239", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCBI", "science_program": null, "title": "Rhincalanus gigas: Transcriptome and gene expression data; BioProject PRJNA666170", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/PRJNA666170"}, {"dataset_uid": "200284", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCBI", "science_program": null, "title": "Calanoides acutus: Transcriptome and gene expression data; BioProject PRJNA757455", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/?term=PRJNA757455"}], "date_created": "Fri, 06 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Polar marine organisms have adapted to dramatic seasonal changes in photoperiod, light intensity, and ice cover, as well as to cold but stable thermal environments. The western Antarctic Peninsula, the focal region for the field studies, has experienced rapid warming and ice melt. While it is difficult to predict exactly how physical conditions in this region will change, effects on species distributions have already been documented. Large Antarctic copepods in the families Calanidae and Rhincalanidae are dominant components of the mesozooplankton that use different metabolic and behavioral strategies to optimize their use of a highly seasonal food supply. The overall goal of this project is to leverage molecular approaches to examine the physiological and metabolic adaptations at the individual and species level. The project focuses on three main objectives: the first objective is to characterize the gene complement and stage-specific gene expression patterns in Antarctic copepods within an evolutionary context. The second objective is to measure and compare the physiological and molecular responses of juvenile copepods to variable feeding conditions. The third objective is to characterize metabolic variation within natural copepod populations. The metabolically diverse Antarctic copepods also provide an excellent opportunity to compare mechanisms regulating energy storage and utilization and to test hypotheses regarding the roles of specific genes. The field studies will aim to utilize information from an ongoing long term research program (the Palmer Long-Term Ecological Research), which complements the ongoing program and provides extensive context for this project. To make the data more useful to the research community, a database will be developed facilitating comparison of transcriptomes between copepod species. This project will provide hands-on training opportunities to graduate and undergraduate students. Efforts will be made to recruit students who are members of underrepresented minorities. Results and scientific concepts will be broadly disseminated through an expedition blog, undergraduate student programs, and public presentations.\r\n", "east": -55.0, "geometry": "POINT(-67.5 -65)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ARTHROPODS; AMD; PELAGIC; USA/NSF; USAP-DC; PLANKTON; West Antarctic Shelf; Amd/Us; SHIPS", "locations": "West Antarctic Shelf", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Tarrant, Ann", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e SHIPS", "repo": "NCBI", "repositories": "NCBI; R2R", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "Physiological Ecology of \"Herbivorous\" Antarctic Copepods", "uid": "p0010239", "west": -80.0}, {"awards": "1745080 Gillikin, David; 1745064 Perez-Huerta, Alberto; 1745057 Walker, Sally", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Analysis of striae groups and interstrial increments from Adamussium colbecki valves from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails; Annual growth of Adamussium colbecki from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails; Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores; Nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen isotopes in the shell of the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki as a proxy for sea ice cover in Antarctica.; Stable isotopes of Oxygen and Carbon in Adamissium colbecki from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601761", "doi": "10.15784/601761", "keywords": "Adamussium Colbecki; Antarctica; Bay Of Sails; Carbon; Explorers Cove; McMurdo Sound; Oxygen; Stable Isotopes", "people": "Camarra, Steve; Puhalski, Emma; Walker, Sally; Gillikin, David; Bowser, Samuel S.; Verheyden, Anouk; Cronin, Kelly; Perez-Huerta, Alberto; Andrus, Fred", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Stable isotopes of Oxygen and Carbon in Adamissium colbecki from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601761"}, {"dataset_uid": "601468", "doi": "10.15784/601468", "keywords": "Adamussium Colbecki; Antarctica; Growth; McMurdo Sound; Shell Fish", "people": "Cronin, Kelly; Walker, Sally", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Annual growth of Adamussium colbecki from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601468"}, {"dataset_uid": "601469", "doi": "10.15784/601469", "keywords": "Adamussium Colbecki; Antarctica; McMurdo", "people": "Walker, Sally; Cronin, Kelly", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Analysis of striae groups and interstrial increments from Adamussium colbecki valves from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601469"}, {"dataset_uid": "600077", "doi": "10.15784/600077", "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description", "people": "Walker, Sally", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/600077"}, {"dataset_uid": "601764", "doi": null, "keywords": "Adamussium Colbecki; Antarctica; Biota; Carbon Isotopes; Explorers Cove; Nitrogen Isotopes; Oxygen Isotope; Scallop", "people": "Cronin, Kelly; Gillikin, David; Walker, Sally; Camarra, Steve; Verheyden, Anouk; Puhalski, Emma", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen isotopes in the shell of the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki as a proxy for sea ice cover in Antarctica.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601764"}], "date_created": "Fri, 06 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The goal of this project is to discover whether the Antarctic scallop, Adamussium colbecki, provides a guide to sea-ice conditions in nearshore Antarctica today and in the past. Scallops may grow slower and live longer in habitats where sea ice persists for many years, limited by food, compared to habitats where sea ice melts out annually. Also, the chemicals retained in the shell during growth may provide crucial habitat information related to not only changing sea-ice conditions but also the type of food, whether it is recycled from the seafloor or produced by algae blooming when sea ice has melted. Unlocking the ecological imprint captured within the shell of the Antarctic Scallop will increase our understanding of changing sea-ice conditions in Antarctica. Further, because the Antarctic scallop had relatives living at the time when the Antarctic ice sheet first appeared, the scallop shell record may contain information on the stability of the ice sheet and the history of Antarctic shallow seas. Funding will also be integral for training a new generation of geoscientists in fossil and chemical forensics related to shallow sea habitats in Antarctica.\r\n\r\nScallops are worldwide in distribution, are integral for structuring marine communities have an extensive fossil record dating to the late Devonian, and are increasingly recognized as important paleoenvironmental proxies because they are generally well preserved in the sediment and rock record. The primary goal of this project is to assess the differences in growth, lifespan, and chemistry (stable isotopes, trace elements) archived in the shell of the Antarctic scallop that may be indicative of two ice states: persistent (multiannual) sea ice at Explorers Cove (EC) and annual sea ice (that melts out every year) at Bay of Sails (BOS), western McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. This project will investigate growth and lifespan proxies (physical and geochemical) and will use high-resolution records of stable oxygen isotopes to determine if a melt-water signal is archived in A. colbecki shells and whether that signal captures the differing ice behavior at two sites (EC versus BOS). Stable isotopes of carbon and nitrogen in association with trace elements will be used to examine subannual productivity spikes indicative of phytoplankton blooms, which are predicted to be more pronounced during open ocean conditions. Small growth increments in the outer calcite layer will be assessed to determine if they represent fortnightly growth, if so, they could provide a high-resolution proxy for monthly environmental processes. Unlocking the environmental archive preserved in A. colbecki shells may prove to be an important proxy for understanding changing sea-ice conditions in Antarctica\u0027s past. Funding will support a Ph.D. student and undergraduates from multiple institutions working on independent research projects. Web content focused on Antarctic marine communities will be designed for museum outreach, reaching thousands of middle-school children each year.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; AMD; Dry Valleys; USAP-DC; LABORATORY; USA/NSF", "locations": "Dry Valleys", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Walker, Sally; Gillikin, David; Perez-Huerta, Alberto; Andrus, Fred", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past", "uid": "p0010238", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1644155 Twining, Benjamin", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((78 -68.4,78.05 -68.4,78.1 -68.4,78.15 -68.4,78.2 -68.4,78.25 -68.4,78.3 -68.4,78.35 -68.4,78.4 -68.4,78.45 -68.4,78.5 -68.4,78.5 -68.419,78.5 -68.438,78.5 -68.457,78.5 -68.476,78.5 -68.495,78.5 -68.514,78.5 -68.533,78.5 -68.552,78.5 -68.571,78.5 -68.59,78.45 -68.59,78.4 -68.59,78.35 -68.59,78.3 -68.59,78.25 -68.59,78.2 -68.59,78.15 -68.59,78.1 -68.59,78.05 -68.59,78 -68.59,78 -68.571,78 -68.552,78 -68.533,78 -68.514,78 -68.495,78 -68.476,78 -68.457,78 -68.438,78 -68.419,78 -68.4))", "dataset_titles": "Flow cytometry enumeration of virus-like and bacteria-like abundance in Ace, Deep, \u0026 Organic lakes (Antarctica)", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601626", "doi": "10.15784/601626", "keywords": "Ace Lake; Antarctica; Deep Lake; Organic Lake; Vestfold Hills", "people": "Twining, Benjamin; Martinez-Martinez, Joaquin", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Flow cytometry enumeration of virus-like and bacteria-like abundance in Ace, Deep, \u0026 Organic lakes (Antarctica)", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601626"}], "date_created": "Fri, 06 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Viruses are prevalent in aquatic environments where they reach up to five hundred million virus particles in a teaspoon of water. Ongoing discovery of viruses seems to confirm current understanding that all forms of life can host and be infected by viruses and that viruses are one of the largest reservoirs of unexplored genetic diversity on Earth. This study aims to better understand interactions between specific viruses and phytoplankton hosts and determine how these viruses may affect different algal groups present within lakes of the Vestfold Hills, Antarctica. These lakes (Ace, Organic and Deep)were originally derived from the ocean and contain a broad range of saline conditions with a similarly broad range of physicochemical characteristics resulting from isolation and low external influence for thousands of years. These natural laboratories allow examination of microbial processes and interactions that would be difficult to characterize elsewhere on earth. The project will generate extensive genomic information that will be made freely available. The project will also leverage the study of viruses and the genomic approaches employed to advance the training of undergraduate students and to engage and foster an understanding of Antarctic science and studies of microbes during a structured informal education program in Maine for the benefit of high school students.\r\n\r\nBy establishing the dynamics and interactions of (primarily) specific dsDNA virus groups in different habitats with different redox conditions throughout seasonal and inter annual cycles the project will learn about the biotic and abiotic factors that influence microbial community dynamics. This project does not require fieldwork in Antarctica. Instead, the investigators will leverage already collected and archived samples from three lakes that have concurrent measures of physicochemical information. Approximately 2 terabyte of Next Generation Sequencing (NGS) (including metagenomes, SSU rRNA amplicons and single virus genomes) will be generated from selected available samples through a Community Science Program (CSP) funded by the Joint Genome Institute. The investigators will employ bioinformatics to interrogate those sequence databases. In particular, they will focus on investigating the presence, phylogeny and co-occurrence of polintons, polinton-like viruses, virophages and large dsDNA phytoplankton viruses as well as of their putative eukaryotic microbial hosts. Bioinformatic analyses will be complemented with quantitative digital PCR and microbial association network analysis to detect specific virus-host interactions from co-occurrence spatial and temporal patterns. Multivariate analysis and network analyses will also be performed to investigate which abiotic factors most closely correlate with phytoplankton and virus abundances, temporal dynamics, and observed virus-phytoplankton associations within the three lakes. The results of this project will improve understanding of phytoplankton and their viruses as vital components of the carbon cycle in Antarctic, marine-derived aquatic environments, and likely in any other aquatic environment. Overall, this work will advance understanding of the genetic underpinnings of adaptations in unique Antarctic environments.", "east": 78.5, "geometry": "POINT(78.25 -68.495)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "LABORATORY; AMD; USAP-DC; VIRUSES; Vestfold Hills; Amd/Us; FIELD SURVEYS; USA/NSF", "locations": "Vestfold Hills", "north": -68.4, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Twining, Benjamin; Martinez-Martinez, Joaquin", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS; OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.59, "title": "Viral control of microbial communities in Antarctic lakes", "uid": "p0010237", "west": 78.0}, {"awards": "1643532 Ponganis, Paul", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((163 -77,163.4 -77,163.8 -77,164.2 -77,164.6 -77,165 -77,165.4 -77,165.8 -77,166.2 -77,166.6 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.6 -78,166.2 -78,165.8 -78,165.4 -78,165 -78,164.6 -78,164.2 -78,163.8 -78,163.4 -78,163 -78,163 -77.9,163 -77.8,163 -77.7,163 -77.6,163 -77.5,163 -77.4,163 -77.3,163 -77.2,163 -77.1,163 -77))", "dataset_titles": "Blood oxygen transport and depletion in diving emperor penguins; Emperor penguin air sac oxygen", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200409", "doi": "10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mwnp", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Dryad", "science_program": null, "title": "Blood oxygen transport and depletion in diving emperor penguins", "url": "https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.qv9s4mwnp"}, {"dataset_uid": "200236", "doi": "10.5061/dryad.3tx95x6f5", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Dryad", "science_program": null, "title": "Emperor penguin air sac oxygen", "url": "https://doi.org/10.6076/D1H01Z"}], "date_created": "Fri, 30 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Part 1: Air sac-to-tissue oxygen delivery is essential to the dive capacity and foraging strategy of any penguin species as well as to flight and migration in other birds. Such transport of oxygen is dependent on the complex, highly efficient avian respiratory system (air sacs and lungs) and on the cardiovascular system. This delivery of oxygen allows emperor penguins to dive deeper than 500 meters and bar-headed geese to fly over the Himalayas. However, the physiological mechanisms underlying the transfer of oxygen from air sacs to blood and the subsequent distribution of oxygen to tissues are poorly understood. The emperor penguin is ideal for investigation of this oxygen cascade because of its body size, dive capacity, physiological data base, and the prior development of research techniques and protocols for this species. This study should provide insight into a) the mechanisms underlying the efficiency of the bird oxygen transport system, b) the physiological basis of penguin dive behavior, and the ability of penguins to adapt to environmental change, and c) perhaps, even the design of better therapeutic strategies and tools for treatment of respiratory disease. The project also includes educational exhibits and lecture programs on penguin biology at SeaWorld of San Diego. These educational programs at SeaWorld have outreach to diverse groups of grade school and high school students.\r\n\r\nPart 2: This project will examine the transport of oxygen from air sacs to tissues in a series of studies with temporarily captive emperor penguins that are free-diving at an isolated dive hole research camp in McMurdo Sound. Physiological data will be obtained with application of backpack recorders for the partial pressure of oxygen (PO2) in air sacs and/or blood, and backpack heart rate/stroke rate recorders. This experimental approach will be transformative in avian biology because it will also lay the groundwork for future investigations of air sac to lung to blood oxygen transfer during exercise of volant and cursorial birds.\r\n\r\nFour major topics are examined in this project: a) air sac oxygen distribution/depletion and the movement of air between anterior and posterior air sacs, b) anterior air sac to arterial PO2 differences and parabronchial gas exchange, c) blood oxygen transport and depletion throughout dives, and the nature of the aerobic dive limit, and d) the relationship of venous oxygen depletion patterns to both heart rate and stroke effort during dives. \r\n\r\nSpecific educational outreach goals include a) short video features to be displayed in the Penguin Encounter exhibit at SeaWorld of San Diego, and b) lectures, video presentations, and pre- and post-course evaluations for student campers and participants in SeaWorld\u2019s education programs. Underwater video for exhibits/presentations with be obtained with use of a penguin backpack camera in the Antarctic.\r\n", "east": 167.0, "geometry": "POINT(165 -77.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "McMurdo Sound; USAP-DC; FIELD SURVEYS; USA/NSF; Amd/Us; AMD; PENGUINS", "locations": "McMurdo Sound", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Ponganis, Paul", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "Dryad", "repositories": "Dryad", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "From Air Sacs to Tissues: Oxygen Transfer and Utilization in Diving Emperor Penguins", "uid": "p0010236", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "1744871 Robinson, Rebecca", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Diatom assemblage from IODP Site U1357; Diatom-bound and bulk sedimentary N isotopes from ODP Site 1098, Western Antarctic Peninsula; Diatom-bound and bulk sedimentary nitrogen isotopes from IODP Site U1357; Dissolved nutrients, cell counts, and nitrogen isotope measurements from Chaetoceros socialis culture experiments; ODP Site 1098 deglacial diatom assemblage; Sediment chemistry of ODP Site 1098", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601817", "doi": "10.15784/601817", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Wilkes Land", "people": "Kelly, Roger; Dove, Isabel; Robinson, Rebecca", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Diatom-bound and bulk sedimentary nitrogen isotopes from IODP Site U1357", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601817"}, {"dataset_uid": "601818", "doi": "10.15784/601818", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Geochemistry; Sediment; Wilkes Land", "people": "Dove, Isabel", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Diatom assemblage from IODP Site U1357", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601818"}, {"dataset_uid": "601777", "doi": "10.15784/601777", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Cryosphere; Sediment Core Data", "people": "Dove, Isabel", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "ODP Site 1098 deglacial diatom assemblage", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601777"}, {"dataset_uid": "601778", "doi": "10.15784/601778", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Cryosphere", "people": "Dove, Isabel", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Sediment chemistry of ODP Site 1098", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601778"}, {"dataset_uid": "601816", "doi": "10.15784/601816", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Cryosphere; Geochemistry; Sediment", "people": "Dove, Isabel; Jones, Colin; Kelly, Roger; Robinson, Rebecca", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Diatom-bound and bulk sedimentary N isotopes from ODP Site 1098, Western Antarctic Peninsula", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601816"}, {"dataset_uid": "601727", "doi": "10.15784/601727", "keywords": "Antarctica", "people": "Dove, Isabel", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Dissolved nutrients, cell counts, and nitrogen isotope measurements from Chaetoceros socialis culture experiments", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601727"}], "date_created": "Wed, 28 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The chemical composition of diatom fossils in the Southern Ocean provides information about the environmental history of Antarctica, including sea ice extent, biological production, and ocean nutrient distribution. The sea ice zone is an important habitat for a group of diatoms, largely from the genus Chaetoceros, that have a unique life cycle stage under environmental stress, when they produce a structure called a resting spore. Resting spores are meant to reseed the surface ocean when conditions are more favorable. The production of these heavy resting spores tends to remove significant amounts of carbon and silicon, essential nutrients, out of the surface ocean. As a result, this group has the potential to remove carbon from the surface ocean and can impact the sedimentary record scientists use to reconstruct environmental change. \r\n\r\nThis project explores the role of resting spores and nutrients in the sedimentary record using the nitrogen isotopic signature of these fossils and how those measurements are used to estimate carbon cycle changes. Measurements of nitrogen stable isotopes of nitrate, biomass, and diatom-bound nitrogen and silicon-to-nitrogen ratios of individual species grown in the laboratory are used to quantify how resting spores record nutrient drawdown in the water column and to what degree their signature is biased toward low nutrient conditions. Laboratory incubations were conducted with surface sediment containing Chaetoceros spp.. The emergence of vegetative cells and subsequent formation of resting spores is manipulated with the addition of nutrients, primarily nitrate. The resulting samples, both of vegetative cells and resting spores were measured for diatom-bound d15N. Resting spore d15N values are consistently lower than the vegetative d15N \r\n from the same incubations. The incubation results will be used to quantify nutrient drawdown in sea ice environments during two contrasting intervals in earth history, the last ice age and the warm Pliocene. The project provided training and research opportunities for undergraduate and graduate students. Research efforts in Antarctic earth sciences are disseminated through an interactive display at the home institution and during university sponsored events.\r\n\r\nThis work addresses uncertainties in how Chaetoceros resting spores record surface nutrient conditions in their nitrogen stable isotopic composition, the relative impact of their specific signal with respect to the full sedimentary assemblage, and their potential to bias or enhance environmental reconstructions in the sea ice zone. \r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; USAP-DC; Antarctica; ISOTOPES; MARINE SEDIMENTS; LABORATORY; USA/NSF; NITROGEN; AMD", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Robinson, Rebecca", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "The nitrogen isotopic composition of diatom resting spores in Southern Ocean sediments: A source of bias and/or paleoenvironmental information?", "uid": "p0010234", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2031442 Learman, Deric", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-167.5 -60,-155 -60,-142.5 -60,-130 -60,-117.5 -60,-105 -60,-92.5 -60,-80 -60,-67.5 -60,-55 -60,-55 -62,-55 -64,-55 -66,-55 -68,-55 -70,-55 -72,-55 -74,-55 -76,-55 -78,-55 -80,-67.5 -80,-80 -80,-92.5 -80,-105 -80,-117.5 -80,-130 -80,-142.5 -80,-155 -80,-167.5 -80,180 -80,178 -80,176 -80,174 -80,172 -80,170 -80,168 -80,166 -80,164 -80,162 -80,160 -80,160 -78,160 -76,160 -74,160 -72,160 -70,160 -68,160 -66,160 -64,160 -62,160 -60,162 -60,164 -60,166 -60,168 -60,170 -60,172 -60,174 -60,176 -60,178 -60,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Physical and geochemical data from shelf sediments near the Antartic Pennisula", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601607", "doi": "10.15784/601607", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Grain Size; Grain Size Analysis; Marine Geoscience; Marine Sediments; Organic Matter Geochemistry; Sediment Core Data; Shelf Sediments; Weddell Sea", "people": "Learman, Deric", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Physical and geochemical data from shelf sediments near the Antartic Pennisula", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601607"}], "date_created": "Wed, 28 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This proposal will provide genetic and enzymatic insight into how microbial communities in benthic sediments on the coastal shelf of Antarctica degrade complex organic matter. The current understanding of how benthic microbial communities respond and also degrade complex organic matter in Antarctica is fragmented. Recent work suggests benthic microbial communities are shaped by organic matter availability (encompassing both quantity and quality), however, these studies were observational and did not directly examine community function (e.g. enzyme activity and/or gene expression). Preliminary metagenomic data, collected from western Antarctica marine sediments, document gene potential for organic matter degradation throughout the entire sample set (spanning the Amundsen Sea, Bellingshausen Sea, and Ross Sea), but functional data was not collected. To date, studies have examined either enzyme activity or metagenomic potential but few have been able to directly connect the two. To address these gaps in knowledge, this proposal will utilize powerful tools such as metagenomics and metatranscriptomics, coupled with microcosm experiments, enzyme assays, and geochemical data. This hypothesis driven proposal will examine microbial communities from the continental shelf of Antarctica from two different regions (Bransfield Strait and Weddell Sea) to document the communities\u2019 enzymatic activity and genes used to degrade complex organic matter. These data will expand our current knowledge of genetic potential towards a more direct understanding of enzyme function as it relates to degradation of complex organic matter in marine sediments from Antarctica. ", "east": 160.0, "geometry": "POINT(-127.5 -70)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS; USAP-DC; Antarctic Peninsula; BENTHIC; SHIPS; SEDIMENT CHEMISTRY; Amd/Us; AMD; USA/NSF; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Weddell Sea", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Learman, Deric", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e SHIPS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "RAPID: Meta-genomic and Transcriptomic Investigation of Complex Organic Matter Degradation in Antarctic Benthic Sediments", "uid": "p0010235", "west": -55.0}, {"awards": "1952199 Lenaerts, Jan", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Variable-resolution CESM2 over Antarctica (ANTSI): Monthly outputs used for evaluation", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200417", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.7335891", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Variable-resolution CESM2 over Antarctica (ANTSI): Monthly outputs used for evaluation", "url": "https://zenodo.org/records/7335892"}], "date_created": "Wed, 21 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) is sensitive to and an indicator of climate change. While dynamic ice loss is largely driven by ocean forcing, this ice loss might be mitigated by enhanced snowfall on the ice sheet. By developing and understanding of the processes governing snowfall variability and change on the AIS, this project will contribute to the objective of understanding the long-term role of the AIS as a contributor to sea level rise. This project is strongly embedded in the collaborative, open-source framework of the Community Earth System Model version 2 (CESM2) and will deliver new datasets of Antarctic precipitation for the community to use. The project will help to build a diverse geoscience workforce by recruiting and training a SOARs student to be directly involved in the research. A graduate student will also be recruited, and they will play a pivotal role in the proposed work. \r\n\r\nIn this project, we propose to leverage the Climate Model Intercomparison Project 6 (CMIP6) climate model ensemble as a whole, and CESM2 in particular, to disentangle the major sources of uncertainty and to elucidate the underlying mechanisms of Antarctic precipitation change, with a particular focus on the role of atmospheric circulation changes relative to that of atmospheric warming. Using the variable resolution capabilities of CESM2, we will provide the community with precipitation estimates at a very high horizontal resolution. The proposed analyses will also use a forthcoming 100-member large ensemble. The project seeks to answer the following questions: 1) How well does the CESM2 represent the present-day Antarctic surface climate, precipitation, and surface mass balance (SMB), including the mean and its variability? 2) What is the sensitivity of simulated Antarctic precipitation to model resolution in present-day and future climates? 3) What are the roles of thermodynamics (warming atmosphere and ocean) and dynamics (changes in atmospheric circulation) in observed and projected snowfall changes? How do these break down into forced and internal variability? In particular, is there a significant forced precipitation trend due to circulation changes driven by stratospheric ozone depletion and recovery and increases in greenhouse gas concentration? 4) What processes and boundary conditions drive the ensemble spread of AIS precipitation in single-model and multi-model ensembles? How does the spread driven by initial surface conditions (including sea ice cover, surface fluxes, inversion strength) compare with the irreducible uncertainty due to internal climate system variability?\r\n\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USA/NSF; ICE SHEETS; Amd/Us; Antarctica; AMD; SNOW; MODELS; USAP-DC", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Schneider, David; Datta, Rajashree Tri", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e MODELS", "repo": "Zenodo", "repositories": "Zenodo", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Uncertainty and Mechanisms of Antarctica\u2019s Changing Snowfall and its Role in Sea Level Change", "uid": "p0010233", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1943550 McDonald, Birgitte", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((168 -77,168.3 -77,168.6 -77,168.9 -77,169.2 -77,169.5 -77,169.8 -77,170.1 -77,170.4 -77,170.7 -77,171 -77,171 -77.1,171 -77.2,171 -77.3,171 -77.4,171 -77.5,171 -77.6,171 -77.7,171 -77.8,171 -77.9,171 -78,170.7 -78,170.4 -78,170.1 -78,169.8 -78,169.5 -78,169.2 -78,168.9 -78,168.6 -78,168.3 -78,168 -78,168 -77.9,168 -77.8,168 -77.7,168 -77.6,168 -77.5,168 -77.4,168 -77.3,168 -77.2,168 -77.1,168 -77))", "dataset_titles": "Late chick-rearing foraging ecology of emperor penguins from the Cape Crozier colony; Post-molt emperor penguin foraging ecology", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601688", "doi": "10.15784/601688", "keywords": "Animal Tracking; Antarctica; Biota; Emperor Penguin; GPS; Late Chick Rearing; Ross Sea", "people": "McDonald, Birgitte", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Late chick-rearing foraging ecology of emperor penguins from the Cape Crozier colony", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601688"}, {"dataset_uid": "601686", "doi": "10.15784/601686", "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Emperor Penguin; NBP2302; Post-Molt; Ross Sea", "people": "McDonald, Birgitte", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Post-molt emperor penguin foraging ecology", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601686"}], "date_created": "Tue, 20 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project will identify behavioral and physiological variability in foraging Emperor Penguins that can be directly linked to individual success in the marine environment using an optimal foraging theory framework during two critical life history stages. First, this project will investigate the foraging energetics, ecology, and habitat use of Emperor Penguins at Cape Crozier using fine-scale movement and video data loggers during late chick-rearing, an energetically demanding life history phase. Specifically, this study will 1) Estimate the foraging efficiency and examine its relationship to foraging behavior and diet using an optimal foraging theory framework to identify what environmental or physiological constraints influence foraging behavior; 2) Investigate the inter- and intra-individual behavioral variability exhibited by emperor penguins, which is essential to predict how resilient they will be to climate change; and 3) Integrate penguin foraging efficiency data with environmental data to identify important habitat. Next the researchers will study the ecology and habitat preference after the molt and through early reproduction using satellite-linked data loggers. The researchers will: 1) Investigate the inter- and intra-individual behavioral variability exhibited by Emperor Penguins during the three-month post-molt and early winter foraging trips; and 2) Integrate penguin behavioral data with environmental data to identify which environmental features are indicative of habitat preference when penguins are not constrained to returning to the colony to feed a chick. These fine- and coarse-scale data will be combined with climate predictions to create predictive habitat models. The education objectives of this CAREER project are designed to inspire, engage, and train the next generation of scientists using the data and video generated while investigating Emperor Penguins in the Antarctic ecosystem. This includes development of two courses (general education and advanced techniques), training of undergraduate and graduate students, and a collaboration with the NSF funded \u201cPolar Literacy: A model for youth engagement and learning\u201d program to develop afterschool and camp curriculum that target underserved and underrepresented groups.\r\n\r\n", "east": 171.0, "geometry": "POINT(169.5 -77.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; PENGUINS; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; USA/NSF; Ross Sea; FIELD SURVEYS; USAP-DC; AMD", "locations": "Ross Sea", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "McDonald, Birgitte", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "CAREER: Foraging Ecology and Physiology of Emperor Penguins in the Ross Sea", "uid": "p0010232", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "1445205 Putkonen, Jaakko", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((157.6 -83.2,157.62 -83.2,157.64 -83.2,157.66 -83.2,157.68 -83.2,157.7 -83.2,157.72 -83.2,157.74 -83.2,157.76 -83.2,157.78 -83.2,157.8 -83.2,157.8 -83.21,157.8 -83.22,157.8 -83.23,157.8 -83.24,157.8 -83.25,157.8 -83.26,157.8 -83.27,157.8 -83.28,157.8 -83.29,157.8 -83.3,157.78 -83.3,157.76 -83.3,157.74 -83.3,157.72 -83.3,157.7 -83.3,157.68 -83.3,157.66 -83.3,157.64 -83.3,157.62 -83.3,157.6 -83.3,157.6 -83.29,157.6 -83.28,157.6 -83.27,157.6 -83.26,157.6 -83.25,157.6 -83.24,157.6 -83.23,157.6 -83.22,157.6 -83.21,157.6 -83.2))", "dataset_titles": "Cosmogenic-Nuclide data at ICE-D; Old Ice, Ong Valley, Transantarctic Mountains", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601665", "doi": "10.15784/601665", "keywords": "Antarctica; Buried Ice; Cosmogenic Isotopes; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Old Ice; Ong Valley", "people": "Bergelin, Marie; Putkonen, Jaakko", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Old Ice, Ong Valley, Transantarctic Mountains", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601665"}, {"dataset_uid": "200295", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "ICE-D", "science_program": null, "title": "Cosmogenic-Nuclide data at ICE-D", "url": "https://version2.ice-d.org/antarctica/nsf/"}], "date_created": "Fri, 16 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Finding the oldest ice on Earth can tell us about the climate and life forms in the distant past\r\n\r\nRecently we discovered a mile wide and hundreds of feet thick ice body in Antarctica that is buried under just a few feet of dirt. Thus far our analyses of the dirt suggest that the ice is over million years old. Generally, glacial ice contains tiny bubbles and dirt that was deposited and locked in the ice by the ancient snowfall and today still holds small samples of the atmospheric gases and everything else that was carried by the winds in the past. Such samples may include the amount of greenhouse gases, plant pollen, microbes, and mineral dust. Therefore the glaciers are like archives where we can access and study the Earth\u2019s history with samples that are unavailable anywhere else. Ice survives poorly on Earth\u2019s surface and therefore currently only few ice samples are known that are approximately million years old. Our site has a high potential to harbor perhaps the oldest ice on Earth. However, first we need to sample and date the ice. Our research will also help us understand how these pockets of buried ice can survive such unusually long periods of time. Such understanding will help us study the landforms and history of not only Antarctica but also the Mars where similar dirt covered glaciers are found today.\r\n\r\nWe propose to collect regolith samples through the approximately 1 m thick cover and to core the buried ice in Ong Valley down to 10 m depth to determine the cosmogenic nuclide concentrations both in the regolith and in the embedded mineral matter suspended in the ice. The systematics of the target cosmogenic nuclides (10Be, 26Al, and 21Ne) such as half-lives, isotope production rates, production pathways, and related attenuation lengths allow us to uniquely determine the age of the ice and the rate the ice is sublimating. Our existing samples and analyses reveal accumulation of mineral matter at the base of surficial debris layer and the surface erosion of this debris by eolian processes. The intellectual merit of the proposed activity: Our main objective is to unequivocally determine the age and sublimation rate of two buried massive ice bodies in time scale of thousands to millions of years. The slow sublimation is a fundamentally Antarctic process, and may have altered most of the currently ice-free areas throughout the continent. Similar large, debris covered ice bodies have been recently discovered in Mars as well. Our results may transform the understanding of the longevity of the buried ice bodies and potentially reveal the oldest ice ever found in the interior of the Antarctica. If proven old and slowly sublimating, this buried ice can potentially yield direct information about the atmospheric chemistry, ancient life forms, and geology of greater antiquity than the currently available and sampled ice bodies. The broader impacts resulting from the proposed activity: The results will be relevant to researchers in glaciology, paleoclimatology, planetary geology, and biology. Several students will participate in the project and do field work in Antarctica, work in lab, attend meetings, attend outreach activities, and produce videos. A graduate student will prepare his/her thesis on a topic closely related to the objectives of the proposed research. The results of the research will be published in scientific meetings and publications.\r\n", "east": 157.8, "geometry": "POINT(157.7 -83.25)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; USA/NSF; FIELD SURVEYS; Transantarctic Mountains; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; AMD; Amd/Us", "locations": "Transantarctic Mountains", "north": -83.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "putkonen, jaakko; Balco, Gregory; Morgan, Daniel", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "ICE-D; USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -83.3, "title": "Collaborative Research: Long Term Sublimation/Preservation of Two Separate, Buried Glacier Ice Masses, Ong Valley, Southern Transantarctic Mountains", "uid": "p0010231", "west": 157.6}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Common-era black carbon deposition and atmospheric modeling for 6 Antarctic ice cores", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601464", "doi": "10.15784/601464", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Common-era black carbon deposition and atmospheric modeling for 6 Antarctic ice cores", "url": "http://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601464"}], "date_created": "Fri, 16 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biomass Burning; Black Carbon; Dronning Maud Land; East Antarctic Plateau; Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Dronning Maud Land; East Antarctic Plateau; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Chellman, Nathan; McConnell, Joseph", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": null, "uid": null, "west": null}, {"awards": "1744989 LaRue, Michelle; 1744794 Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Detecting climate signals in populations: case of emperor penguin; Emperor penguin population trends (2009-2018); Landfast ice: a major driver of reproductive success in a polar seabird", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601491", "doi": "10.15784/601491", "keywords": "Antarctica", "people": "Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Detecting climate signals in populations: case of emperor penguin", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601491"}, {"dataset_uid": "601513", "doi": "10.15784/601513", "keywords": "Antarctica; Breeding Success; Emperor Penguin; Fast Sea Ice", "people": "Labrousse, Sara; Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Landfast ice: a major driver of reproductive success in a polar seabird", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601513"}, {"dataset_uid": "200388", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Github", "science_program": null, "title": "Emperor penguin population trends (2009-2018)", "url": "https://github.com/davidiles/EMPE_Global"}], "date_created": "Wed, 14 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project on emperor penguin populations will quantify penguin presence/absence, and colony size and trajectory, across the entire Antarctic continent using high-resolution satellite imagery. For a subset of the colonies, population estimates derived from high-resolution satellite images will be compared with those determined by aerial surveys - these results have been uploaded to MAPPPD (penguinmap.com) and are freely available for use. This validated information will be used to determine population estimates for all emperor penguin colonies through iterations of supervised classification and maximum likelihood calculations on the high-resolution imagery. The effect of spatial, geophysical, and environmental variables on population size and decadal-scale trends will be assessed using generalized linear models. This research will result in a first ever empirical result for emperor penguin population trends and habitat suitability, and will leverage currently-funded NSF infrastructure and hosting sites to publish results in near-real time to the public.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USA/NSF; Ross Sea; USAP-DC; AMD; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; Amd/Us", "locations": "Ross Sea", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "LaRue, Michelle; Ito, Emi; Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "platforms": null, "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "Github; USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "A Multi-scale Approach to Understanding Spatial and Population Variability in Emperor Penguins", "uid": "p0010229", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1746148 Sirovic, Ana", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((140 -65.5,140.8 -65.5,141.6 -65.5,142.4 -65.5,143.2 -65.5,144 -65.5,144.8 -65.5,145.6 -65.5,146.4 -65.5,147.2 -65.5,148 -65.5,148 -65.57,148 -65.64,148 -65.71,148 -65.78,148 -65.85,148 -65.92,148 -65.99,148 -66.06,148 -66.13,148 -66.2,147.2 -66.2,146.4 -66.2,145.6 -66.2,144.8 -66.2,144 -66.2,143.2 -66.2,142.4 -66.2,141.6 -66.2,140.8 -66.2,140 -66.2,140 -66.13,140 -66.06,140 -65.99,140 -65.92,140 -65.85,140 -65.78,140 -65.71,140 -65.64,140 -65.57,140 -65.5))", "dataset_titles": "Passive acoustic recording metadata from East Antarctica, Feb 2019", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601465", "doi": "10.15784/601465", "keywords": "Antarctica; East Antarctica", "people": "Sirovic, Ana", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Passive acoustic recording metadata from East Antarctica, Feb 2019", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601465"}], "date_created": "Tue, 13 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "In austral summer 2019, a 48 day, multi-country, interdisciplinary research voyage mapped Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) and baleen whale, blue whale (Balaenoptera musculus) and fin whale (B. physalus) distributions in particular off East Antarctica. We detected, tracked and localized blue whales and mapped prey fields in the vicinity of a fixed acoustic mooring that combined passive and active acoustics for collection of concurrent predator and prey data. By coupling moored data collection with the ship-based survey focusing on Antarctic blue whale behaviour and krill dynamics, we investigated the dynamics of blue whales and their prey. We found that the production of social calls, D calls of blue whales and 40 Hz calls of fin whales, was correlated with the krill biomass over a week-long period. ", "east": 148.0, "geometry": "POINT(144 -65.85)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; AMD; USAP-DC; SPECIES/POPULATION INTERACTIONS; MAMMALS; PELAGIC; East Antarctica; USA/NSF; ACOUSTIC SCATTERING; FIELD SURVEYS; ARTHROPODS", "locations": "East Antarctica", "north": -65.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Sirovic, Ana; Stafford, Kathleen", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.2, "title": "EAGER: Collaborative Research: Acoustic Ecology of Foraging Antarctic Blue Whales in the Vicinity of Antarctic Krill", "uid": "p0010228", "west": 140.0}, {"awards": "1744878 Lazzara, Matthew; 1745097 Cassano, John", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-115 -79,-114.4 -79,-113.8 -79,-113.2 -79,-112.6 -79,-112 -79,-111.4 -79,-110.8 -79,-110.2 -79,-109.6 -79,-109 -79,-109 -79.1,-109 -79.2,-109 -79.3,-109 -79.4,-109 -79.5,-109 -79.6,-109 -79.7,-109 -79.8,-109 -79.9,-109 -80,-109.6 -80,-110.2 -80,-110.8 -80,-111.4 -80,-112 -80,-112.6 -80,-113.2 -80,-113.8 -80,-114.4 -80,-115 -80,-115 -79.9,-115 -79.8,-115 -79.7,-115 -79.6,-115 -79.5,-115 -79.4,-115 -79.3,-115 -79.2,-115 -79.1,-115 -79))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 06 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "An observational campaign, focused on the atmospheric boundary layer over the West Antarctic ice sheet (WAIS), is planned. A robust set of year-round, autonomous, atmospheric and surface measurements, will be made using an instrumented 30-m tall tower (TT) at the WAIS divide field camp (WAIS TT). An unmanned aerial system (UAS) field campaign will be conducted and will supplement the WAIS TT observations by sampling the entire depth of the boundary layer.\r\nThe proposed work will create a unique dataset of year-round atmospheric boundary layer measurements from a portion of the Antarctic continent that has not previously been observed in this manner. The newly acquired dataset will be used to elucidate the processes that modulate the exchange of energy between the ice sheet surface and the overlying atmosphere, to assess the relationships\r\nbetween near surface stability, winds, and radiative forcing, and to compare these relationships observed at the WAIS TT to those described for other portions of the Antarctic continent. The dataset will also be used to assess the ability of the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System (AMPS) operational weather forecasting model and current generation reanalyses to accurately represent surface and boundary layer processes in this region of Antarctica.\r\nIntellectual Merit\r\nThe near surface atmosphere over West Antarctica is one of the fastest warming locations on the planet and this atmospheric warming, along with oceanic forcing, is contributing to ice sheet melt and rising sea levels. Recent reports from the National Research Council and the Scientific Committee on Antarctic Research have highlighted the critical nature of these aspects of the West Antarctic climate system.\r\nThe proposed research will advance our understanding of how the atmosphere exchanges heat, moisture, and momentum with the ice sheet surface in West Antarctica and will assess our ability to represent these processes in current generation numerical weather prediction and reanalysis products, by addressing the following scientific questions:\r\n- How does the surface layer and lower portion of the atmospheric boundary layer in West Antarctica compare to that over the low elevation ice shelves and the high elevation East Antarctic plateau?\r\n- What are the dominant factors that lead to warm episodes, and potentially periods of melt, over the West Antarctic ice sheet?\r\n- How well do operational forecast models (AMPS) and reanalyses reproduce the observed near surface stability in West Antarctica?\r\n- What are the sources of errors in the modeled near surface atmospheric stability of West Antarctica?\r\nBroader Impacts:\r\nAtmospheric warming and associated melting of the West Antarctic ice sheet has the potential to raise sea level by many meters. The proposed research will explore the processes that control this warming, and as such has broad societal relevance by providing improved understanding of the processes that could lead to large sea level rise.\r\nEducational outreach activities will include classroom visits to K-12 schools and Skype sessions from Antarctica with students at these schools. Photographs, videos, and instrumentation used during this project will be brought to the classrooms. At the college and university level data from the project will be used in classes being developed as part of a new undergraduate atmospheric and oceanic science major at the University of Colorado and a graduate student will be support on this project.\r\nPublic outreach will be in the form of field blogs, media interviews, and either an article for a general interest scientific magazine, such as Scientific American, or as an electronically published book of Antarctic fieldwork photographs.", "east": -109.0, "geometry": "POINT(-112 -79.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; Amd/Us; HUMIDITY; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; West Antarctic Ice Sheet; BOUNDARY LAYER TEMPERATURE; USAP-DC; ATMOSPHERIC PRESSURE MEASUREMENTS; FIELD SURVEYS; BOUNDARY LAYER WINDS; USA/NSF", "locations": "West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "north": -79.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Cassano, John; Lazzara, Matthew", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Observing the Atmospheric Boundary over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "uid": "p0010225", "west": -115.0}, {"awards": "2000992 Romans, Brian", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(-172.873074 -74.274008)", "dataset_titles": "Grain size of Plio-Pleistocene continental slope and rise sediments, Hillary Canyon, Ross Sea", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601807", "doi": "10.15784/601807", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Grain Size; Ross Sea", "people": "Varela, Natalia; Romans, Brian W.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Grain size of Plio-Pleistocene continental slope and rise sediments, Hillary Canyon, Ross Sea", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601807"}], "date_created": "Tue, 06 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Geological records from the Antarctic Ice Sheet (AIS) margin demonstrate that the ice sheet oscillated in response to orbital variations in insolation (i.e., ~400, 100, 41, and 20 kyr), and it appears to be more sensitive to specific frequencies that regulate mean annual insolation (i.e., 41-kyr obliquity), particularly when the ice sheet extends into marine environments and is impacted by ocean circulation. However, the relationship between orbital forcing and the production of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) is unconstrained. Thus, a knowledge gap exists in understanding how changing insolation impacts ice marginal and Southern Ocean conditions that directly influence ventilation of the global ocean. We hypothesize that insolation-driven changes directly affected the production and export of AABW to the Southern Ocean from the Pliocene through the Pleistocene. For example, obliquity amplification during the warmer Pliocene may have led to enhanced production and export of dense waters from the shelf due to reduced AIS extent, which, in turn, led to greater AABW outflow. To determine the relationship of AABW production to orbital regime, we plan to reconstruct both from a single, continuous record from the levee of Hillary Canyon, a major conduit of AABW outflow, on the Ross Sea continental rise. \r\n\r\nTo test our hypothesis, we will analyze sediment from IODP Site U1524 (recovered in 2018 during International Ocean Discovery Program Expedition 374) and focus on three data sets. (1) We will use the occurrence, frequency, and character of mm-scale turbidite beds as a proxy of dense-shelf-water cascading outflow and AABW production. We will estimate the down-slope flux via numerical modeling of turbidity current properties using morphology, grain size, and bed thickness as input parameters. (2) We will use grain-size data, physical properties, XRF core scanning, CT imaging, and hyperspectral imaging to guide lithofacies analysis to infer processes occurring during glacial, deglacial, and interglacial periods. Statistical techniques and optimization methods will be applied to test for astronomical forcing of sedimentary packages in order to provide a cyclostratigraphic framework and interpret the orbital-forcing regime. (3) We will use bulk sedimentary carbon and nitrogen abundance and isotope data to determine how relative contributions of terrigenous and marine organic matter change in response to orbital forcing. We will integrate these data with sedimentological records to deconvolve organic matter production from its deposition or remobilization due to AABW outflow as a function of the oscillating extent of the AIS. These data sets will be integrated into a unified chronostratigraphy to determine the relationship between AABW outflow and orbital-forcing scenarios under the varying climate regimes of the Plio-Pleistocene.\r\n", "east": -172.873074, "geometry": "POINT(-172.873074 -74.274008)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; LABORATORY; AMD; USA/NSF; SEDIMENTS; Amd/Us; Ross Sea", "locations": "Ross Sea", "north": -74.274008, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Patterson, Molly; Ash, Jeanine; Kulhanek, Denise; Ash, Jeannie", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -74.274008, "title": "COLLABORATIVE RESEARCH: Orbital-scale Variability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and the Formation of Bottom Water in the Ross Sea during the Pliocene-Pleistocene", "uid": "p0010227", "west": -172.873074}, {"awards": "2001430 Cassano, John", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((166 -77,166.4 -77,166.8 -77,167.2 -77,167.6 -77,168 -77,168.4 -77,168.8 -77,169.2 -77,169.6 -77,170 -77,170 -77.1,170 -77.2,170 -77.3,170 -77.4,170 -77.5,170 -77.6,170 -77.7,170 -77.8,170 -77.9,170 -78,169.6 -78,169.2 -78,168.8 -78,168.4 -78,168 -78,167.6 -78,167.2 -78,166.8 -78,166.4 -78,166 -78,166 -77.9,166 -77.8,166 -77.7,166 -77.6,166 -77.5,166 -77.4,166 -77.3,166 -77.2,166 -77.1,166 -77))", "dataset_titles": "Radar Data for Phoenix Airfield (NZFX), 2019", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200358", "doi": "10.48567/wrfx-7c88", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "AMRDC", "science_program": null, "title": "Radar Data for Phoenix Airfield (NZFX), 2019", "url": "https://amrdcdata.ssec.wisc.edu/dataset/radar-data-for-phoenix-airfield-nzfx-2019"}], "date_created": "Tue, 06 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Ross Island region of Antarctica is a topographically complex region that results in large variations in the mesoscale high wind and precipitation features across the region. The goals of this project are to increase the understanding of the three-dimensional structure of these mesoscale meteorology features. This project will leverage observations from the scanning X-band radar installed during the AWARE field campaign in 2016 and the installation of an EWR Radar Systems X-band scanning radar (E700XD) to be deployed during the 2019-20 field season.\r\nIntellectual Merit:\r\nThe focus of the science will be on questions investigating the structure and forcing of mesoscale wind and precipitation features in the vicinity of McMurdo Station. In addition to the data from the X-band scanning radars, observations from surface-based automatic weather stations, radiosonde launches from McMurdo Station, the suite of AWARE observations, and archived forecasts from the Antarctic Mesoscale Prediction System will be used to provide verification and additional insights into the structure of these mesoscale features. The science questions to be addressed in this study are:\r\n- What are the signatures of the mesoscale high wind features that are detectable by a scanning X-band, Doppler radar that can be used to aid in operational forecasting and to increase lead time of high wind event warnings for improved safety and logistics in the Ross Island region?\r\n- How does the orientation of the mesoscale high wind events play a role in the determining the severity of the impacts of the high winds at logistically significant locations across the Ross Island region?\r\n- What is the distribution of precipitation across the Ross Island region? Are there local topographic features that result in banding of precipitation across the region?\r\n- What is the accuracy of AMPS in forecasting mesoscale precipitation and wind features across the Ross Island region during the main body season?\r\nBroader Impacts:\r\nThe benefits of this project will extend beyond that of addressing the science questions and into improvements and increased data resources for the logistics, operational forecasting and research communities.\r\n- Provide increased understanding and in-depth analysis of the mesoscale wind and precipitation features detectable using radar observations to be transferred to the NIWC forecasters resulting in increased awareness and training.\r\n- With the comparison of the capabilities of the AWARE radar to that of the EWR Radar Systems E700XD the USAP can make an informed decision for the future purchase of a similar or different radar system for long-term deployment and use in forecasting for the region.\r\n- Develop a robust and coordinated data archive of the EWR Radar Systems E700XD during the 2019-20 deployment to be shared and used by future research investigations.\r\n- Provide insight, tools, and an outline for additional studies based on the remote sensing dataset collected during the AWARE project.", "east": 170.0, "geometry": "POINT(168 -77.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "SNOW; AMD; FIELD SURVEYS; Amd/Us; McMurdo; USAP-DC; USA/NSF; ATMOSPHERIC WINDS", "locations": "McMurdo", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Cassano, John; Seefeldt, Mark; Kingsmill, David", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "AMRDC", "repositories": "AMRDC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "RAPID: An Improved Understanding of Mesoscale Wind and Precipitation Variability in the Ross Island Region Based on Radar Observations", "uid": "p0010226", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "1643825 Bucklin, Ann", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-74.57 -60.9,-72.487 -60.9,-70.404 -60.9,-68.321 -60.9,-66.238 -60.9,-64.155 -60.9,-62.072 -60.9,-59.989 -60.9,-57.906 -60.9,-55.823 -60.9,-53.74 -60.9,-53.74 -61.537,-53.74 -62.174,-53.74 -62.811,-53.74 -63.448,-53.74 -64.085,-53.74 -64.722,-53.74 -65.359,-53.74 -65.996,-53.74 -66.633,-53.74 -67.27,-55.823 -67.27,-57.906 -67.27,-59.989 -67.27,-62.072 -67.27,-64.155 -67.27,-66.238 -67.27,-68.321 -67.27,-70.404 -67.27,-72.487 -67.27,-74.57 -67.27,-74.57 -66.633,-74.57 -65.996,-74.57 -65.359,-74.57 -64.722,-74.57 -64.085,-74.57 -63.448,-74.57 -62.811,-74.57 -62.174,-74.57 -61.537,-74.57 -60.9))", "dataset_titles": "Alongtrack data collected continuously by the ship\u0027s underway acquisition system from ARSV Laurence M. Gould cruise LMG1110 in the Southern Ocean in 2011 ; Bucklin, A., R.J. O\u0027Neill, D. Payne (2018) Antarctic salp genome and RNAseq transcriptome from ARSV Laurence M. Gould, Umitaka-Maru, R/V Polarstern LMG1110, UM-08-09, ANT-XXVII-2 in the Southern Ocean. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). ; Bucklin, A., R.J. O\u0027Neill, D. Payne (2018) Salp specimen log for genomic and transcriptomic study collected from ARSV Laurence M. Gould, Umitaka-Maru, R/V Polarstern LMG1110, UM-08-09, ANT-XXVII-2. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO).; CTD data from ARSV Laurence M. Gould LMG1110 in the Southern Ocean from November to December 2011 (Salp_Antarctic project) ; CTD data from MOCNESS tows taken in the Antarctic in 2011 from ARSV Laurence M. Gould LMG1110 in the Southern Ocean from November to December 2011 (Salp_Antarctic project) ; Scientific sampling event log from ARSV Laurence M. Gould LMG1110 in the Southern Ocean from Nov. 2011 (Salp_Antarctic project) ", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200229", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "CTD data from ARSV Laurence M. Gould LMG1110 in the Southern Ocean from November to December 2011 (Salp_Antarctic project) ", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/559174/data"}, {"dataset_uid": "200227", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "Bucklin, A., R.J. O\u0027Neill, D. Payne (2018) Salp specimen log for genomic and transcriptomic study collected from ARSV Laurence M. Gould, Umitaka-Maru, R/V Polarstern LMG1110, UM-08-09, ANT-XXVII-2. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO).", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/672600"}, {"dataset_uid": "200232", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "CTD data from MOCNESS tows taken in the Antarctic in 2011 from ARSV Laurence M. Gould LMG1110 in the Southern Ocean from November to December 2011 (Salp_Antarctic project) ", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/488871/data"}, {"dataset_uid": "200228", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "Bucklin, A., R.J. O\u0027Neill, D. Payne (2018) Antarctic salp genome and RNAseq transcriptome from ARSV Laurence M. Gould, Umitaka-Maru, R/V Polarstern LMG1110, UM-08-09, ANT-XXVII-2 in the Southern Ocean. Biological and Chemical Oceanography Data Management Office (BCO-DMO). ", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/675040/data"}, {"dataset_uid": "200231", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "Alongtrack data collected continuously by the ship\u0027s underway acquisition system from ARSV Laurence M. Gould cruise LMG1110 in the Southern Ocean in 2011 ", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3636/data"}, {"dataset_uid": "200230", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "BCO-DMO", "science_program": null, "title": "Scientific sampling event log from ARSV Laurence M. Gould LMG1110 in the Southern Ocean from Nov. 2011 (Salp_Antarctic project) ", "url": "https://www.bco-dmo.org/dataset/3565/data"}], "date_created": "Sat, 03 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic salp, Salpa thompsoni, is an increasingly important player in the vulnerable Southern Ocean pelagic ecosystem. Field studies have documented rapid population growth under favorable environmental conditions, resulting in dense blooms of salps that can out-compete and displace other species, and significantly perturb the pelagic ecosystem. A comprehensive reference genome for the Antarctic salp will enable the identification of genes and gene networks underlying physiological responses and allow detection of natural selection driving the species\u2019 adaptation to climate change. The primary hypothesis driving this research is that predicted S. thompsoni orthologs (i.e., genes of the same function that share a common ancestor) that show evidence of rapid evolution are indicative of positive selection, and further that these genes and associated gene networks provide the basis for rapid adaptation of the Antarctic salp to environmental variation associated with climate change. Our genome assembly strategy builds upon methods developed during our previous award (PLR-1044982), including both paired-end short read and linked-read sequencing approaches. This project used state-of-the-art approaches: Oxford Nanopore long read sequencing, de novo assembly, and comprehensive transcriptomics. The results include a new reference genome for S. thompsoni, consisting of 8,815 sequences (contigs), with less fragmentation (N50 = 188 kb), and genome coverage of 78%. We have discovered strong secondary structures that dramatically affect sequencing efficiency. Our analyses of these secondary structures led to the discovery of abundant G-quadruplex sequences distributed throughout the genome at a significantly higher frequency compared to other tunicate species, suggesting the structures are a defining feature of this salp genome. These results provide novel insights into the function of unique genomic features in the regulation of genome stability, despite the complex life history, including sexual and asexual reproduction of the Southern Ocean salp. The completed salp reference genome will provide a valuable foundational resource for other scientists (including ecologists, oceanographers, and climate change experts), working on this species. ", "east": -53.74, "geometry": "POINT(-64.155 -64.085)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "SHIPS; PELAGIC; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.9, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Bucklin, Ann; O\u0027Neill, Rachel J", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e SHIPS", "repo": "BCO-DMO", "repositories": "BCO-DMO", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.27, "title": "Genome Assembly and Analysis of the Bloom Forming Southern Ocean Salp, Salpa thompsoni", "uid": "p0010224", "west": -74.57}, {"awards": "1947040 Postlethwait, John", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-65.3 -63.3,-65 -63.3,-64.7 -63.3,-64.4 -63.3,-64.1 -63.3,-63.8 -63.3,-63.5 -63.3,-63.2 -63.3,-62.9 -63.3,-62.6 -63.3,-62.3 -63.3,-62.3 -63.47,-62.3 -63.64,-62.3 -63.81,-62.3 -63.98,-62.3 -64.15,-62.3 -64.32,-62.3 -64.49,-62.3 -64.66,-62.3 -64.83,-62.3 -65,-62.6 -65,-62.9 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.5 -65,-63.8 -65,-64.1 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.7 -65,-65 -65,-65.3 -65,-65.3 -64.83,-65.3 -64.66,-65.3 -64.49,-65.3 -64.32,-65.3 -64.15,-65.3 -63.98,-65.3 -63.81,-65.3 -63.64,-65.3 -63.47,-65.3 -63.3))", "dataset_titles": "18 SSU rDNA type sequences for Notoxcellia coronata (nov. sp.); 18 SSU rDNA type sequences for Notoxcellia picta (nov. sp.); Fish pictures and skin pathology of X-cell infection in Trematomus scotti.; Histopathology of X-cell xenomas in Trematomus scotti and Nototheniops larseni.; In situ hybridization of X-cell and host fish 18S SSU rRNA in alternate sections of tumor xenomas.; Metagenomic analysis of apparently healthy and tumor samples using Kaiju software ; microMRI analyses of Trematomus scotti Tsco_18_08 with X-cell xenomas; Morphological and pathological data of Trematomus scotti specimens captured on May 30th, 2018 in Andvord Bay.; Nomenclatural Act for the genus Notoxcellia; Nomenclatural Act for the species Notoxcellia coronata; Nomenclatural Act for the species Notoxcellia picta; Phylogenetic Analysis of Notoxcellia species.; Raw Illumina sequencing reads from skin tumors and visually healthy skins from Trematomus scotti and Nototheniops larseni; Temperature profiles at five fishing locations on the West Antarctic Peninsula during austral fall 2018.; Trematomus scotti with X-cell xenomas", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200277", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCBI SRA", "science_program": null, "title": "Raw Illumina sequencing reads from skin tumors and visually healthy skins from Trematomus scotti and Nototheniops larseni", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/bioproject/?term=PRJNA789574"}, {"dataset_uid": "601501", "doi": "10.15784/601501", "keywords": "Alveolata; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Notoxcellia Coronata; Notoxcellia Picta; Oceans; Perkinsozoa; Xcellidae", "people": "Desvignes, Thomas; Postlethwait, John; Varsani, Arvind", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Phylogenetic Analysis of Notoxcellia species.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601501"}, {"dataset_uid": "200262", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "MorphoSource", "science_program": null, "title": "Trematomus scotti with X-cell xenomas", "url": "https://www.morphosource.org/projects/000405843?locale=en"}, {"dataset_uid": "200384", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "ZooBank", "science_program": null, "title": "Nomenclatural Act for the species Notoxcellia picta", "url": "https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/31062dd2-7202-47fa-86e0-7be5c55ac0e2"}, {"dataset_uid": "200383", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "ZooBank", "science_program": null, "title": "Nomenclatural Act for the species Notoxcellia coronata", "url": "https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/194d91b2-e268-4238-89e2-385819f2c35b"}, {"dataset_uid": "200382", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "ZooBank", "science_program": null, "title": "Nomenclatural Act for the genus Notoxcellia", "url": "https://zoobank.org/NomenclaturalActs/5cf9609e-0111-4386-8518-bd50b5bdde0e"}, {"dataset_uid": "601539", "doi": "10.15784/601539", "keywords": "Alveolata; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Notoxcellia Coronata; Notoxcellia Picta; Perkinsozoa; Xcellidae", "people": "Postlethwait, John; Desvignes, Thomas", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "In situ hybridization of X-cell and host fish 18S SSU rRNA in alternate sections of tumor xenomas.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601539"}, {"dataset_uid": "200275", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "GenBank", "science_program": null, "title": "18 SSU rDNA type sequences for Notoxcellia coronata (nov. sp.)", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OL630144"}, {"dataset_uid": "200276", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "GenBank", "science_program": null, "title": "18 SSU rDNA type sequences for Notoxcellia picta (nov. sp.)", "url": "https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/nuccore/OL630145"}, {"dataset_uid": "601536", "doi": "10.15784/601536", "keywords": "Alveolata; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Notoxcellia Coronata; Notoxcellia Picta; Perkinsozoa; Xcellidae", "people": "Postlethwait, John; Desvignes, Thomas; Kent, Michael L. ; Murray, Katrina N. ", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Histopathology of X-cell xenomas in Trematomus scotti and Nototheniops larseni.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601536"}, {"dataset_uid": "601496", "doi": "10.15784/601496", "keywords": "Andvord Bay; Antarctica; Fish", "people": "Desvignes, Thomas; Postlethwait, John; Lauridsen, Henrik", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Fish pictures and skin pathology of X-cell infection in Trematomus scotti.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601496"}, {"dataset_uid": "601538", "doi": "10.15784/601538", "keywords": "Alveolata; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Notoxcellia Coronata; Notoxcellia Picta; Perkinsozoa; Xcellidae", "people": "Lauridsen, Henrik; Postlethwait, John; Desvignes, Thomas", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "microMRI analyses of Trematomus scotti Tsco_18_08 with X-cell xenomas", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601538"}, {"dataset_uid": "601494", "doi": "10.15784/601494", "keywords": "Andvord Bay; Antarctica; Fish", "people": "Lauridsen, Henrik; Le Francois, Nathalie; Postlethwait, John; Desvignes, Thomas", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Morphological and pathological data of Trematomus scotti specimens captured on May 30th, 2018 in Andvord Bay.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601494"}, {"dataset_uid": "601537", "doi": "10.15784/601537", "keywords": "Alveolata; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Notoxcellia Coronata; Notoxcellia Picta; Perkinsozoa; Xcellidae", "people": "Kraberger, Simona ; Desvignes, Thomas; Postlethwait, John; Fontenele, Rafaela S. ; Varsani, Arvind", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Metagenomic analysis of apparently healthy and tumor samples using Kaiju software ", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601537"}, {"dataset_uid": "601495", "doi": "10.15784/601495", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "people": "Desvignes, Thomas", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Temperature profiles at five fishing locations on the West Antarctic Peninsula during austral fall 2018.", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601495"}], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Overview:\r\nAntarctic biota face increasing stressors from warming oceans. A key question is: What will be the effect of warming waters on Antarctic biota? A gap in our knowledge is the identify of early harbingers of new stressors. In our recent field season, we unexpectedly discovered pink, wart-like neoplasms in Antarctic notothenioid fish, including Trematomus scotti (crowned notothen) and Nototheniops larseni (painted notothen). Neoplasms affected about 30% of T. scotti collected in Andvord Bay on the West Antarctic Peninsula and covered 10 to 30% of the bodies of affected individuals, usually in one contiguous patch. We collected samples from affected and apparently unaffected controls. We could not find evidence of any similar outbreak. Our overall goal is to learn the biological origins of this neoplasm and how it affects cellular function and organismal physiology. \r\nIntellectual Merit:\r\nAim 1: Pathogenic agents. Aim 1a: To test the hypothesis that a virus causes the neoplasm. Methods involve isolating and sequencing viral nucleic acids from neoplasms and from unaffected skin and comparing sequences to known viruses. Aim 1b: To test the hypothesis that neoplasms are hosts to parasites not present in healthy skin. Methods include tissue sections and DNA sequencing to find evidence of parasitic organisms. Significance: achieving Aim 1 will narrow down possible etiological agents. An untested possibility is that environmental contaminants cause the condition; exploring that hypothesis would require further sampling outside the limits of an EAGER proposal.\r\nAim 2: Cell-level pathology. Aim 2a: To test the hypothesis that the histopathology of the neoplasms is similar to other known skin neoplasias; alternatively, it might be a previously unknown type of neoplasia. Methods involve the examination of histological sections to identify pathology-specific characters. Aim 2b: To find effects of neoplasms on cell function. Methods involve performing whole-genome transcriptomics of affected and normal skin by RNA-seq and aligning reads to a T. scotti reference genome. Significance: achieving Aim 2 will define the cell biology and gene-expression phenotypes of the neoplasia, thus suggesting mechanisms that cause it.\r\n[Note: NSF deleted funds specifically to achieve the Aim 3, which nevertheless appears here to represent the original proposal.] Aim 3: Organismal pathology. Aim 3a: To test the hypothesis that the neoplasm has adverse effects on growth and physiology. Methods are to perform morphometrics in fish with neoplasms compared to age-matched controls from otolith studies. Aim 3b: To test the hypothesis that the neoplasia affects reproductive traits. Methods compare reproductive effort in affected and unaffected individuals. Significance: if the neoplasia has little consequences on growth and reproduction, our worry about its spread will be lessened, but if it is harmful, then Antarctic ecology, which largely depends on notothenioid fish, might be in danger.\r\nAchieving Aims 1-3 will advance knowledge by identifying the causes of a neoplasia outbreak in Antarctic fish. Work is potentially transformative because it might represent an early sign of Antarctic fish responses to the stress of global climate change. Proposed work would be the first to investigate a neoplasia outbreak in Antarctic fish. We will assess the project\u2019s success by whether we identify a causative agent and its effects on physiology.\r\nBroader Impacts:\r\nAim 4: Publicizing the neoplasia. We aim to raise awareness of the outbreak and publicize its distinct diagnostic features, including assays to detect it, by contributing to groups that track Antarctic ecosystems. \r\nAim 5: Inclusion. We will involve underrepresented groups in scientific research with authentic research experiences.\r\nAchieving Aims 4 and 5 will benefit society because they will disseminate to scientific and lay communities a potential early-warning system for the effects of an apparently new neoplasia affecting, at least locally, a large proportion of a fish population. Dissemination will stir research to determine whether this neoplasia outbreak is an isolated event or is becoming a general phenomenon, and thus a concern for Antarctic ecosystems. Proposed research will enhance research infrastructure by providing tools to identify the neoplasia. Finally, the project will broaden access to research careers by exposing underserved high school students and undergraduates to an exciting live research project.\r\n", "east": -62.3, "geometry": "POINT(-63.8 -64.15)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FIELD SURVEYS; Andvord Bay; Amd/Us; PROTISTS; BENTHIC; FISH; Dallmann Bay; USAP-DC; NSF/USA; AMD", "locations": "Andvord Bay; Dallmann Bay", "north": -63.3, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Postlethwait, John; Varsani, Arvind; Desvignes, Thomas", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "NCBI SRA", "repositories": "GenBank; MorphoSource; NCBI SRA; USAP-DC; ZooBank", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "EAGER: Origin and Physiological Consequences of a Neoplasm Outbreak in Antarctic Fish ", "uid": "p0010221", "west": -65.3}, {"awards": "1947882 Robel, Alexander", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Uncertainty in projections of future sea level rise comes, in part, from ice sheet melting under the influence of unpredictable variations in ocean and atmospheric temperature near ice sheets. The Antarctic Ice Sheet Large Ensemble (AISLENS) Project will estimate the range of possible Antarctic Ice Sheet melt during the recent past and over the next several centuries that could result from such climate variations. The graduate student will develop computational methods using statistical and machine learning approaches to generate plausible realizations of Antarctic climate forcing from output from the Energy Exascale Earth System Model (E3SM) developed by the Department of Energy, under past and future emissions scenarios. These realizations of variable climate will be used to force the MPAS Albany Land Ice (MALI) model, a state-of-the-art model of ice flow in the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Ultimately, the AISLENS Project will include hundreds of simulations of Antarctic ice sheet evolution from 1950 to 2300 forced by these realizations of climate, including snowfall on the ice sheet and surface melt from fluctuating oceanic and atmospheric temperatures. The graduate student will then use these simulations to analyze the evolution of uncertainty in the future evolution of the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Such analyses provide a range of plausible estimates of the ice sheet contribution to future sea level rise and are used by coastal communities to plan infrastructure and development which accounts for these changes in their coastline and water table.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ICE SHEETS; Antarctica; Antarctic Ice Sheet; AMD; USAP-DC; USA/NSF; MODELS; Amd/Us", "locations": "Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Robel, Alexander", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e MODELS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "The Antarctic Ice Sheet Large Ensemble (AISLENS) Project: Assessing the Role of Climate Variability in Past and Future Ice Sheet Mass Loss", "uid": "p0010223", "west": null}, {"awards": "2023303 Purkey, Sarah; 2023259 Thompson, Andrew; 2023244 Stewart, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Ocean CFC reconstructed data product", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601752", "doi": "10.15784/601752", "keywords": "Antarctica; CFCs; GLODAP; Ocean Model; Ocean Ventilation; Southern Ocean", "people": "Cimoli, Laura; Gebbie, Jack; Purkey, Sarah", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Ocean CFC reconstructed data product", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601752"}], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The formation of dense Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) and its export northward from the Antarctic continent is one of the key components of the global ocean overturning circulation, and plays a critical role in regulating Earth\u0027s climate on multi-decadal-to-millennial time scales. Recent studies of the global ocean overturning circulation have increasingly emphasized its three-dimensional structure: AABW is produced in a handful of distinct sites around the Antarctic continent, and there is a pronounced asymmetry in the allocation of AABW transports into the Atlantic, Indian and Pacific basins. The connectivity of AABW between the Antarctic continental shelf and the northern basins is mediated by the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC), a circumpolar eastward flow that also serves as the primary route for inter-basin exchange.\r\n\r\nThe mapping from different shelf AABW sources to the northern basins dictates the response of the global MOC to localized variability or shifts in the state of the Antarctic shelf, for example due to major glacier calving events or modified inputs of freshwater from the Antarctic ice sheet. At present this mapping is not well constrained, with conflicting conclusions drawn in previous studies: at one extreme the ACC has been suggested to be a ``conduit\u0027\u0027 that simply allows each variety of AABW to transit directly northward; at the other extreme, it has been suggested that the ACC ``blends\u0027\u0027 all shelf AABW sources together before they reach the northern basins. Such conflicts arise, in part, because little is understood about the physics that determines AABW\u0027s pathways across the ACC.\r\n\r\nTo close this gap in understanding, this collaborative project draws on three complementary analytical tools: process-oriented modeling of AABW export across the ACC, a high-resolution global ocean model, and an observationally-constrained estimate of the global circulation. The PIs will first identify and quantify the pathways of AABW across the ACC by using these tools to propagate passive tracers that identify each of the four major AABW formation sites. They will then use a suite of process model sensitivity experiments to develop a theory for what controls meridional versus inter-basin transport of AABW in the ACC, and transfer this theory to interpret the AABW pathways simulated in the global model. Finally, they will combine the process model, global model and the observationally-constrained circulation product to map the rates at which AABW is transformed into lighter waters, and relate these transformation rates to the diagnosed pathways of AABW across the ACC. This combination of approaches allow the PIs to not only constrain the three-dimensional circulation of AABW from Antarctica to the northern basins, but also provides a mechanistic understanding of the circulation that can be transferred to past or future climates.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e DATA ANALYSIS \u003e ENVIRONMENTAL MODELING \u003e COMPUTER", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; MODELS; USAP-DC; WATER MASSES; Southern Ocean; Amd/Us; OCEAN CURRENTS; COMPUTERS; Antarctic Circumpolar Current; USA/NSF", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Stewart, Andrew; Thompson, Andrew; Purkey, Sarah", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e COMPUTERS; OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e MODELS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current: A Conduit or Blender of Antarctic Bottom Waters?", "uid": "p0010220", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1744861 Kim, Hyomin; 1744828 Xu, Zhonghua; 1745041 Lessard, Marc", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((6 -69,14.3 -69,22.6 -69,30.9 -69,39.2 -69,47.5 -69,55.8 -69,64.1 -69,72.4 -69,80.7 -69,89 -69,89 -70.6,89 -72.2,89 -73.8,89 -75.4,89 -77,89 -78.6,89 -80.2,89 -81.8,89 -83.4,89 -85,80.7 -85,72.4 -85,64.1 -85,55.8 -85,47.5 -85,39.2 -85,30.9 -85,22.6 -85,14.3 -85,6 -85,6 -83.4,6 -81.8,6 -80.2,6 -78.6,6 -77,6 -75.4,6 -73.8,6 -72.2,6 -70.6,6 -69))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This proposal is directed toward an investigation of the coupling phenomena between the solar wind and the Earth\u0027s magnetosphere and ionosphere, particularly on the day side of the Earth and observed simultaneously at high latitudes in both northern and southern hemispheres. Through past NSF support, several magnetometers have been deployed in Antarctica, Greenland, and Svalbard, while new collaborations have been developed with the Polar Research Institute of China (PRIC) to further increase coverage through data sharing. This project will expand the existing Virginia Tech-PRIC partnership to include New Jersey Institute of Technology, University of New Hampshire, and the Technical University of Denmark and (1) construct two new stations to be deployed by PRIC along a chain from Zhongshan station to Dome A to complete a conjugate area array, (2) integrate data from all stations into a common\r\nformat, and (3) address two focused science questions. Both instrument deployment and data processing efforts are motivated by a large number of solar wind-magnetosphere-ionosphere (SWMI) coupling science questions; this project will address two questions pertaining to Ultra Low Frequency (ULF) waves: (1) What is the global ULF response to Hot Flow Anomalies (HFA) and how is it affected by asymmetries in the SWMI system? (2) How do dawn-dusk and north-south asymmetries in the coupled SWMI system affect global ULF wave properties during periods with large, steady east-west Interplanetary Magnetic field (IMF By)? This proposal requires fieldwork in the Antarctic, but all fieldwork will be conducted by PRIC.\r\n", "east": 89.0, "geometry": "POINT(47.5 -77)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; USA/NSF; FIELD SURVEYS; Amd/Us; AMD; USAP-DC; MAGNETIC FIELDS/MAGNETIC CURRENTS; AURORAE", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -69.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Astrophysics and Geospace Sciences; Antarctic Astrophysics and Geospace Sciences; Antarctic Astrophysics and Geospace Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Xu, Zhonghua; Clauer, Calvin", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -85.0, "title": "Collaborative Proposal: A High-Latitude Conjugate Area Array Experiment to Investigate Solar Wind - Magnetosphere - Ionosphere Coupling", "uid": "p0010222", "west": 6.0}, {"awards": "1643445 Eisenman, Ian", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Model code, model output fields, etc", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200226", "doi": null, "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "GitHub", "science_program": null, "title": "Model code, model output fields, etc", "url": "https://eisenman-group.github.io/"}], "date_created": "Wed, 30 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Satellite observations show expanding Antarctic sea ice over the last three decades. Increasing Antarctic sea ice seems unexpected when compared to observations of rising global temperatures or shrinking Arctic sea ice. Computer models of global climate also predict Antarctic sea ice to shrink instead of grow. Several hypotheses have been suggested to explain the contradiction between what scientists expect to see based on computer models and physical intuition and the growth that is recorded in observations. This study will examine the hypothesis that sea ice expansion can be explained by sea ice motion, where sea ice moves in such a way as to promote an increase in overall coverage. Researchers will use several different types of computer models, ranging in complexity, to better understand the physical processes of sea ice motion and how the sea ice motion interacts with the larger atmosphere-ocean system. The team will transfer their research to the classroom by hosting a week-long teacher workshop. Teachers will learn how scientists use computer models to test hypotheses and then develop and test tools for use in the classroom. Five middle and high school teachers will participate and become part of the UC San Diego STEM Success Initiative master science teacher network. The project will support a graduate student and a postdoctoral researcher.\r\n\r\nSea ice motion has recently emerged as one of the candidates to explain the Antarctic sea ice expansion but a systematic investigation of how sea ice motion influences sea ice concentration has not been presented to date. Researchers will conduct a process-oriented study of the relationship between sea ice motion and Antarctic sea ice extent using a hierarchy of models. The hierarchy will consist of (i) an idealized single-column model of sea ice evolution, (ii) an idealized latitudinally-varying global model of sea ice and climate, (iii) an atmospheric global climate model (GCM) above a slab ocean that includes sea ice motion, (iv) a comprehensive GCM, and (v) model output from the suite of current comprehensive GCMs. The range of model complexities will help researchers better understand the relationship between sea ice motion and sea ice extent by allowing them to identify important processes that are robust across the model hierarchy.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; AMD; Southern Ocean; USAP-DC; USA/NSF; ICE EXTENT; COMPUTERS; Sea Ice; GCM", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Eisenman, Ian; Wagner, Till", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e COMPUTERS", "repo": "GitHub", "repositories": "GitHub", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "The Influence of Sea Ice Motion on Antarctic Sea Ice Expansion", "uid": "p0010216", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2022920 Zhan, Zhongwen", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(180 -90)", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Wed, 30 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This EAGER award will explore the Distributed Acoustic Sensing emerging technology that transforms a single optical fiber into a massively multichannel seismic array. This technology may provide a scalable and affordable way to deploy dense seismic networks. Experimental Distributed Acoustic Sensing equipment will be tested in the Antarctic exploiting unused (dark) strands in the existing fiber-optic cable that connects the U.S. Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station to the Remote Earth Science and Seismological Observatory (SPRESSO) located about 7.5-km from the main station. Upon processing the seismic signals, the Distributed Acoustic Sensing may provide a new tool to structurally image firn, glacial ice, and glacial bedrock. Learning how Distributed Acoustic Sensing would work on the ice sheet, scientists can then check seismological signals propagating through the Earth\u0027s crust and mantle variously using natural icequakes and earthquakes events in the surrounding area.\r\n\r\nThe investigators propose to convert at least 8 km of pre-existing fiber optic cable at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole station into more than 8000 sensors to explore the potential of Distributed acoustic sensing (DAS) as a breakthrough data engine for polar seismology. The DAS array will operate for about one year, allowing them to (1) evaluate and calibrate the performance of the DAS technology in the extreme cold, very low noise (including during the exceptionally quiet austral winter) polar plateau environment; (2) record and analyze local ambient and transient signals from ice, anthropogenic signals, ocean microseism, atmospheric and other processes, as well as to study local, regional, and teleseismic tectonic events; (3) structurally image the firn, glacial ice, glacial bed, crust, and mantle, variously using active sources, ambient seismic noise, and natural icequake and earthquake events.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(180 -90)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; South Pole Station; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; NSF/USA; Amd/Us; SEISMIC SURFACE WAVES; SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS; USAP-DC", "locations": "South Pole Station", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Facilities", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Zhan, Zhongwen", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "EAGER: Pilot Fiber Seismic Networks at the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station", "uid": "p0010214", "west": 180.0}, {"awards": "2027615 Paden, John", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Wed, 30 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project will develop a new ice-penetrating radar system that can simultaneously map glacier geometry (three-dimensional ice-sheet internal architecture and subglacial topography) and glacier flow (vertical velocity of ice) along repeat profiles. Forecasting ice-sheet contribution to sea level requires an estimate for the initial ice-sheet geometry and the parameters that govern ice flow (ice rheology) and slip across bedrock (bed friction). Existing ice-sheet models cannot independently initialize ice rheology and bed friction from conventional observations of surface velocities and glacier geometry. These non-unique solutions for ice-sheet initial state introduce substantial uncertainty into ice-sheet model simulations of past and future ice-sheet behavior. \r\nSpatially-distributed vertical velocities of ice measured by this radar system can be directly compared to simulated vertical velocities produced by glacier models. Thus, this radar technology will allow ice rheology to be constrained independently from bed friction, leading to higher fidelity simulations of past and future ice-sheet behavior and more accurate projections of future sea level.\r\n\r\nThe new radar system will integrate two existing radars (the multi-channel coherent radio-echo depth sounder and the accumulation radar) developed by the Center for the Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets, but also includes new capabilities. An eight-element very high frequency (VHF; 140-215 MHz) array will have sufficient cross-track aperture to swath map internal layers and the ice-sheet base in three dimensions. A single ultra high frequency (UHF; 600-900 MHz) antenna will have the range and phase resolution to map internal layer displacement with 0.25 mm precision. The VHF array will create 3D mappings of layer geometry that enable measurements of vertical velocities by accounting for spatial offsets between repeat profiles and changing surface conditions. The vertical displacement measurement will then be made by determining the difference in radar phase response recorded by the UHF antenna for radar profiles collected at the same locations at different times. The UHF antenna will be dual-polarized and thus capable of isolating both components of complex internal reflections, which should enable inferences of ice crystal orientation fabric and widespread mapping of ice viscosity. Initial deployment of the radar will occur on the McMurdo Ice Shelf and Thwaites Glacier, Antarctica. The dual-band radar system technology and processing algorithms will be developed with versatile extensible hardware and user-friendly software, so that this system will serve as a prototype for a future community radar system.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": "EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS \u003e ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING \u003e IMAGING RADARS \u003e IMAGING RADAR SYSTEMS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; USA/NSF; Airborne Radar; AMD; ICE SHEETS; Thwaites Glacier; USAP-DC", "locations": "Thwaites Glacier", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Facilities", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Paden, John; Rodriguez-Morales, Fernando ", "platforms": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": null, "title": "Collaborative Research: EAGER: A Dual-Band Radar for Measuring Internal Ice Deformation: a Multipass Ice-Penetrating Radar Experiment on Thwaites Glacier and the McMurdo Ice Shelf", "uid": "p0010215", "west": null}, {"awards": "2032473 Kurbatov, Andrei; 2032463 Talghader, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Visual, thermal, chemical, and stable isotope effects of near-infrared laser cutting on freezer ice", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601753", "doi": "10.15784/601753", "keywords": "Antarctica; Sampling", "people": "Mah, Merlin; Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Talghader, Joseph", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Visual, thermal, chemical, and stable isotope effects of near-infrared laser cutting on freezer ice", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601753"}], "date_created": "Wed, 30 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Overview\u003c/br\u003e\nIt is proposed that laser cutting technology can be used to rapidly extract high quality ice samples from borehole walls. The technology applies to both existing boreholes and newly drilled ones, even enabling scientists to obtain samples using non\u2010coring mechanical drills. Since the instrumentation is highly portable, a field team of three persons might take no longer than a few days in the field to extract ice, and samples from a critical time period could be extracted from multiple locations in a single field season.\n\nThis pilot program will investigate and validate the technology of laser sampling. It is beneficial to use fiber optics to convey light in borehole instrumentation rather than attempting to package a complete laser system for travel down a borehole, so the cutting laser and wavelength (1.07Pm) are chosen with such engineering in mind. The primary scientific goals of the program are to: 1) determine optimum cutting conditions in terms of laser power and operating conditions, 2) quantifying the effects of residual meltwater that remain in the cut slot after a cut so that re-cutting needs can be predicted or mitigated, 3) designing and testing mechanical structures to retract samples from blocks of ice once cut, and 4) analyzing the composition and crystal structure of ice near a cut slot to determine the impacted volume (if any) of ice and temperatures where scientific readings might be affected by the sampling process.\n\u003c/br\u003e\u003c/br\u003e\nIntellectual Merits\u003c/br\u003e\nThe collection of deep ice from the Polar Ice Sheets involves large amounts of time, effort, and expense. Often, the most important information is held in very small volumes of core, and while replicate coring can supplement this core, there is often a need to retrieve additional ice samples based on recent scientific findings or borehole logging at a site. In addition, there is currently no easy method of extracting ice from boreholes drilled by non\u2010coring mechanical drills, which are often much faster, lighter, and less expensive to operate. There are numerous specific projects that could immediately benefit from laser sampling including sampling ice overlaying buried impact craters and bolides, filling critical gaps in the chemical record in damaged core sections from Siple Dome, obtaining oldest ice cores from brittle sections near the surface of the Allan Hills blue ice area, where coring drills apply stresses that may fracture the ice, and replacing core whose value has degraded due to time and depressurization. This program builds on a prior engineering advances in optical fiber\u2010based logging technology, developed previously for Siple Dome borehole logging.\n\u003c/br\u003e\u003c/br\u003e\nBroader Impact\u003c/br\u003e\nLaser sampling would advance numerous fields interfaced with glaciology and ice core studies. These include climate and paleoenvironmental science, volcanology, and human history where large volumes of ice are crucial to extract ultra\u2010high resolution records of natural and anthropogenic emissions. Potentially the principle of laser sampling could be used to directly sample and study ice on other planets or their satellites.\nThis program encompasses a broad base of theoretical, experimental, and design work, which makes it ideal for training postdoctoral scientists, graduate students, and advanced undergraduates. The program will include a research opportunity for one or more middle school teachers through a Research Experience for Teachers program with one of the local school districts of the Twin Cities area. The teacher(s) will assist the investigators in the analysis of scattered laser light in glacier ice, and will set up a small experiment at various visible wavelengths to measure scattering constants. These experiments have been chosen because they can easily translate into classroom demonstrations and hands\u2010on activities using eye-safe visible- light LED sources and large samples of artificial ice. The teacher(s) will also produce a lesson plan on basic optics, glacial ice, or polar science as a deliverable.\nThis proposal does not involve field work.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; Laser Cutting; Ice Core; USA/NSF; AMD; SULFATE; FIELD SURVEYS; OXYGEN COMPOUNDS; USAP-DC; LABORATORY; Sulfate", "locations": null, "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Facilities; Antarctic Instrumentation and Facilities", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Talghader, Joseph; Kurbatov, Andrei V.", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS; OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Laser Cutting Technology for Borehole Sampling", "uid": "p0010218", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1947094 Sidor, Christian", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Wed, 30 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The research supported by this grant centers on the evolution of fossil amphibians (temnospondyls) from the Early Triassic, a crucial time interval in the evolution of life on Earth following the end-Permian mass extinction, specifically based on fossil material from Antarctica, a high-latitude paleoenvironment that may have served as a refuge for tetrapods across the extinction event. Previous records of temnospondyls, mostly reported several decades ago, are highly fragmentary, and their original interpretations are considered dubious or demonstrably erroneous by contemporary workers. The Antarctic record of temnospondyls is of great import in understanding the biotic recovery in terrestrial environments for several reasons. Firstly, temnospondyls, like amphibians today, were highly speciose in the Triassic but were also some of the most susceptible to environmental perturbations and instability. Therefore, temnospondyls provide key insights into the paleoenvironmental conditions, either in place of or alongside other lines of data. Secondly, the record of temnospondyls from the Early Triassic is quite rich, but it is also restricted to a few densely sampled regions, such as the Karoo Basin of South Africa. In order to ascertain whether observed patterns such as an unusual abundance of small-bodied taxa or a lack of faunal overlap between different depositional basins (endemism) are real or merely artifactual, study of additional, less sampled regions takes on great import. Recent collection of substantial new temnospondyl material from several horizons in the Triassic exposure of Antarctica provides the requisite data to begin to address these questions. Finally, correlating the Triassic rocks of Antarctica with those of adjacent regions is largely reliant on comparisons of faunal assemblages. In particular, the middle Fremouw Formation, one of the horizons from which new temnospondyl material was collected, remains of uncertain relation and age due to the paucity of described material. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Temnospondyls; MACROFOSSILS; USA/NSF; FIELD SURVEYS; Permian Extinction; Triassic; Amd/Us; USAP-DC; AMD; ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES; Shackleton Glacier", "locations": "Shackleton Glacier", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": "PHANEROZOIC \u003e PALEOZOIC \u003e PERMIAN", "persons": "Sidor, Christian", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "A non-amniote perspective on the recovery from the end-Permian extinction at high latitudes: paleobiology of Early Triassic temnospondyls from Antarctica", "uid": "p0010217", "west": null}, {"awards": "1937748 Sumner, Dawn", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(163.183333 -77.616667)", "dataset_titles": "Lake Fryxell 2022-2023 benthic microbial mat thickness and number of laminae", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601839", "doi": "10.15784/601839", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Dry Valleys; Lake Fryxell; Laminae; Microbial Mat; Thickness", "people": "Hawes, Ian; Juarez Rivera, Marisol; Sumner, Dawn; Paul, Ann; Mackey, Tyler", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Lake Fryxell 2022-2023 benthic microbial mat thickness and number of laminae", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601839"}], "date_created": "Wed, 30 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project focuses on understanding annual changes in microbial life that grows on the bottom of Lake Fryxell, Antarctica. Because of its polar latitude, photosynthesis can only occur during the summer. During summer, photosynthetic bacteria supply communities with energy and oxygen. However, it is unknown how the microbes behave in the dark winter, when observations are not possible. This project will perform laboratory experiments with a cyanobacterial mat grown from Lake Fryxell samples. Once fieldwork is allowed, we will install environmental monitors and light-blocking shades over small parts of the communities in Lake Fryxell. The shades will extend winter conditions into the spring to allow researchers to characterize the winter behavior of the microbial communities. Researchers will measure changes in the water chemistry due to their activities when they first receive light as the shades are removed. Results are expected to provide insights into how organisms interact with and change their environments. \r\n\r\nThe project extends these scientific results to building a better-prepared, more diverse workforce to perform scientific fieldwork. Fieldwork, including diving, will be performed in part by graduate students under the mentorship of world experts in Antarctic field science. In addition, the project will help students and early career scientists learn field skills by building an online \u201cGuide to Thrive.\u201d This web site will compile field tips ranging from basic gear use to advanced environmental protection techniques. Group leaders ranging from undergraduate teaching assistants to Antarctic expedition leaders will be able to choose appropriate components to build tailored guides for their participants to help them thrive in difficult field conditions. \r\n\r\nThe researchers will measure laboratory-based and field-based seasonal metabolic and biogeochemical changes in benthic mats using differential gene expression and geochemical gradients. They will identify seasonal phenotypic differences and ecosystem effects induced by spring oxygen production. To do so, researchers will install environmental sensors and opaque shades over mats at three depths in the lake. The following spring, they will sample shaded and unshaded mats, remove the shades, track changes in pore water O2, H2S, pH, and redox with microelectrodes, and sample mats for transcriptomic analyses at intervals guided by geochemical changes. Pore water will be sampled for nutrient analyses. Field research will be supplemented with: laboratory experiments to refine field techniques (expanded effort due to COVID field restrictions); gene expression data analysis; and integration of results into a seasonal model of productivity and nitrogen cycling in Lake Fryxell. Results will provide insights into several key priorities for NSF, including how biotic, abiotic and environmental components of the benthic mats interact to affect the regional ecosystem.\r\n", "east": 163.183333, "geometry": "POINT(163.183333 -77.616667)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; Amd/Us; AMD; USA/NSF; FIELD SURVEYS; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS; Lake Fryxell; USAP-DC; LAKE/POND", "locations": "Antarctica; Lake Fryxell", "north": -77.616667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Sumner, Dawn; Mackey, Tyler", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.616667, "title": "Seasonal Primary Productivity and Nitrogen Cycling in Photosynthetic Mats, Lake Fryxell, McMurdo Dry Valleys", "uid": "p0010219", "west": 163.183333}, {"awards": "1341475 Smith, Nathan; 2001033 Makovicky, Peter; 1341645 Makovicky, Peter; 1341304 Sidor, Christian; 1341376 Tabor, Neil", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -84,-178 -84,-176 -84,-174 -84,-172 -84,-170 -84,-168 -84,-166 -84,-164 -84,-162 -84,-160 -84,-160 -84.3,-160 -84.6,-160 -84.9,-160 -85.2,-160 -85.5,-160 -85.8,-160 -86.1,-160 -86.4,-160 -86.7,-160 -87,-162 -87,-164 -87,-166 -87,-168 -87,-170 -87,-172 -87,-174 -87,-176 -87,-178 -87,180 -87,178.5 -87,177 -87,175.5 -87,174 -87,172.5 -87,171 -87,169.5 -87,168 -87,166.5 -87,165 -87,165 -86.7,165 -86.4,165 -86.1,165 -85.8,165 -85.5,165 -85.2,165 -84.9,165 -84.6,165 -84.3,165 -84,166.5 -84,168 -84,169.5 -84,171 -84,172.5 -84,174 -84,175.5 -84,177 -84,178.5 -84,-180 -84))", "dataset_titles": "Lower Triassic Antarctic vertebrate fossils at Field Museum, Chicago, IL", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601511", "doi": "10.15784/601511", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Fremouw Formation; Lystrosaurus; Permo-Triassic Extinction; Prolacerta; Sample Location; Thrinaxofon; Triassic", "people": "Makovicky, Peter", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Lower Triassic Antarctic vertebrate fossils at Field Museum, Chicago, IL", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601511"}], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project will advance our understanding of Antarctic life during the Permian and Triassic. We will apply an interdisciplinary approach to address relationships between environmental change, faunal composition, and biogeographic patterns in the context of the high-latitude strata preserved in the Buckley and Fremouw formations in the Shackleton Glacier region. We will use multiple types of data to assess paleoenvironment, including: 1) paleosol morphology; 2) paleosol geochemistry; 3) pedogenic organic matter; and 4) fossil wood chronology and stable isotopes. The Fremouw Formation of Antarctica preserves the highest paleolatitude tetrapod fauna of the entire Triassic (~70\u00b0 S) and thus has the potential to shed important light on the evolution of polar life during the early Mesozoic. We will collect new fossils from known localities to understand the relationship between Antarctic and southern African tetrapod faunas. Furthermore, we will refine the stratigraphic, sedimentological, and geochronological framework for these Mesozoic faunas, which will include using U/Pb detrital zircon dating to provide the first dates for these vertebrate assemblages. In the lab, we will examine the biology of Triassic vertebrates from Antarctica by comparing their bone and tusk histology to conspecifics from lower paleolatitudes. In addition, we will test Bergmann\u2019s Rule with six species (viz. Lystrosaurus curvatus, L. maccaigi, L. murrayi, Prolacerta broomi, Procolophon trigoniceps, and Thrinaxodon liorhinus). The Early Triassic presents a unique opportunity to perform such investigations as there is no other geologic interval in which species occurring in Antarctica can be compared to conspecifics across a range of paleolatitudes.", "east": -160.0, "geometry": "POINT(-177.5 -85.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "REPTILES; FIELD SURVEYS; USA/NSF; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; Triassic; USAP-DC; TERRESTRIAL ECOSYSTEMS; MACROFOSSILS; Amd/Us; Fossils; Shackleton Glacier; LAND RECORDS; ANIMALS/VERTEBRATES; AMD", "locations": "Shackleton Glacier", "north": -84.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Sidor, Christian; Smith, Nathan; Makovicky, Peter; Tabor, Neil", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -87.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Understanding the evolution of high-latitude Permo-Triassic paleoenvironments and their vertebrate communities", "uid": "p0010213", "west": 165.0}, {"awards": "1744946 Gettelman, Andrew; 1744965 Diao, Minghui", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(166.7 -77.8)", "dataset_titles": "AWARE_Campaign_Data; Diao, M. (2020). VCSEL 1 Hz Water Vapor Data Version 1.0 for NSF SOCRATES Campaign; Diao, M. (2020). VCSEL 25 Hz Water Vapor Data Version 1.0 for NSF SOCRATES Campaign", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200223", "doi": "10.17632/x6n4r3yxb2.1", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Publication", "science_program": null, "title": "AWARE_Campaign_Data", "url": "http://dx.doi.org/10.17632/x6n4r3yxb2.1"}, {"dataset_uid": "200224", "doi": "10.26023/KFSD-Y8DQ-YC0D", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "UCAR", "science_program": null, "title": "Diao, M. (2020). VCSEL 1 Hz Water Vapor Data Version 1.0 for NSF SOCRATES Campaign", "url": "https://data.eol.ucar.edu/dataset/552.051"}, {"dataset_uid": "200225", "doi": "10.26023/V925-2H41-SD0F", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "UCAR", "science_program": null, "title": "Diao, M. (2020). VCSEL 25 Hz Water Vapor Data Version 1.0 for NSF SOCRATES Campaign", "url": "https://data.eol.ucar.edu/dataset/290779"}], "date_created": "Mon, 28 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ice supersaturation plays a key role in cloud formation and evolution, and it determines the partitioning among ice, liquid and vapor phases. Over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, the transition between mixed-phase and ice clouds significantly impacts the radiative effects of clouds. Remote regions such as the Antarctica and Southern Ocean historically have been under-sampled by in-situ observations, especially by airborne observations. Even though more attention has been given to the cloud microphysical properties over these regions, the distribution and characteristics of ice supersaturation and its role in the current and future climate have not been fully investigated at the higher latitudes in the Southern Hemisphere. One of the main objectives of this study is to analyze observations from three recent major field campaigns sponsored by NSF and DOE, which provide intensive in-situ, airborne measurements over the Southern Ocean and ground-based observations at McMurdo station in Antarctica.\r\n\r\nThis project will analyze aircraft-based and ground-based observations over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, and compare the observations with the Community Earth System Model Version 2 (CESM2) simulations. The focus will be on the observations of ice supersaturation and the relative humidity distribution in mixed-phase and ice clouds, as well as their relationship with cloud micro- and macrophysical properties. Observations will be compared to CESM2 simulations to elucidate model biases. Surface radiation and the precipitation budget at the McMurdo station will be quantified and compared against the CESM2 simulations to improve the fidelity of the representation of Antarctic climate (and climate prediction over Antarctica). Results from our research will be released to the community for improving the understanding of cloud radiative effects and the mass transport of water in the high southern latitudes. Comparisons between the simulations and observations will provide valuable information for improving the next generation CESM model. Two education/outreach projects will be carried out by PI Diao at San Jose State University (SJSU), including a unique undergraduate student research project with hands-on laboratory work on an airborne instrument, and an outreach program that uses social media to broadcast news on polar research to the public.", "east": 166.7, "geometry": "POINT(166.7 -77.8)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FIELD SURVEYS; CLIMATE MODELS; USA/NSF; SNOW; Amd/Us; USAP-DC; Chile; ATMOSPHERIC WATER VAPOR; ATMOSPHERIC TEMPERATURE; Antarctica; Southern Ocean; AMD", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Chile", "north": -77.8, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Diao, Minghui; Gettelman, Andrew", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS; OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e CLIMATE MODELS", "repo": "Publication", "repositories": "Publication; UCAR", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8, "title": "Collaborative Research: Ice Supersaturation over the Southern Ocean and Antarctica, and its Role in Climate", "uid": "p0010209", "west": 166.7}, {"awards": "1851022 Fudge, Tyler; 1851094 Baker, Ian", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "EPICA Dome C Sulfate Data 7-3190m", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601759", "doi": "10.15784/601759", "keywords": "Antarctica", "people": "Fudge, T. J.; Severi, Mirko", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "COLDEX", "title": "EPICA Dome C Sulfate Data 7-3190m", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601759"}], "date_created": "Mon, 28 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "An accurate constitutive relationship for ice is fundamental to ice-flow models and ice-core interpretations. While Glen\u2019s flow law describes well the overall deformation of ice when subjected to stress, many details remain poorly constrained. In particular, the effect of impurities on the strain rate both directly and through the development of ice fabric is not well understood. Variations in impurity concentrations are associated with variations in deformation rates as observed in both Greenland and Antarctica. The impact of uncertainties on the deformation of ice is most acutely observed in the interpretation of ice cores where the inference of past accumulation rate depends on the cumulative vertical thinning. Thus, many ice-core climate reconstructions, such as the gas-age ice-age difference, surface temperature histories, and aerosol fluxes, are also affected. Given the complexities of the possible impacts of sulfuric acid on the flow of ice and the interaction between these impacts, it seems almost impossible to examine an ice core and understand the impacts of impurities on the microstructural evolution and creep behavior. Our research seeks to understand the effects of sulfuric acid at concentrations applicable to polar ice sheets and relate these results to the flow of polar ice both through experiments and through modeling. Our results have shown that the presence of sulfuric acid in the grain boundaries of polar ice increases its strength in shear, while sulfuric acid in the whole matrix of polar ice reduces its strength. We have also found that sulfuric acid causes an initial increase in average grain sizes and then a subsequent decrease, a trend that differs from the continuous increase in average grain sizes observed in freshwater ice. We are also determining the role of stress state, i.e. simple compression versus shear, on the microstructural evolution and how sulfuric acid impacts this.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; Polycrystalline Ice; LABORATORY; Epica Dome C; SNOW/ICE; USA/NSF; USAP-DC; Ice Core; Amd/Us", "locations": "Epica Dome C", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Science and Technology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Baker, Ian; Fudge, T. J.", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Collaborative Research: The Impact of Impurities and Stress State on Polycrystalline Ice Deformation", "uid": "p0010211", "west": null}, {"awards": "1935672 Ryan, Joseph; 1935635 Santagata, Scott", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 28 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Understanding the genomic changes underlying adaptations to polar environments is critical for \r\npredicting how ecological changes will affect life in these fragile environments. Accomplishing these goals requires looking in detail at genome-scale data across a wide array of organisms in a phylogenetic framework. This study combines multifaceted computational and functional approaches that involves analyzing in the genic evolution of invertebrate organisms, known as the bryozoans or ectoprocts. In addition, the commonality of our results in other taxa will be tested by comparing the results to those produced from the previous and newly proposed workshops. Specific aims of this study include: 1) identifying genes involved in adaptation to Antarctic marine environments using transcriptomic and genomic data from bryozoans to test for positively selected genes in a phylogenetic framework, 2) experimentally testing identified candidate enzymes (especially those involved in calcium signaling, glycolysis, the citric acid cycle, and the cytoskeleton) for evidence of cold adaption, and 3) conducting computational workshops aimed at training scientists in techniques for the identification of genetic adaptations to polar and other disparate environments. The proposed work provides critical insights into the molecular rules of life in rapidly changing Antarctic environments, and provides important information for understanding how Antarctic taxa will respond to future environmental conditions.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; USA/NSF; Ross Sea; Ant Lia; ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES; FIELD SURVEYS; Weddell Sea; Bellingshausen Sea; Amundsen Sea; Antarctic Peninsula; Amd/Us; AMD", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctic Peninsula; Bellingshausen Sea; Ross Sea; Weddell Sea", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Ryan, Joseph; Santagata, Scott", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "ANT LIA Collaborative Research: Interrogating Molecular and Physiological Adaptations in Antarctic Marine Animals.", "uid": "p0010212", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1850988 Teets, Nicholas", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-64.366767 -62.68104,-63.9917036 -62.68104,-63.6166402 -62.68104,-63.2415768 -62.68104,-62.8665134 -62.68104,-62.49145 -62.68104,-62.1163866 -62.68104,-61.7413232 -62.68104,-61.3662598 -62.68104,-60.9911964 -62.68104,-60.616133 -62.68104,-60.616133 -62.9537037,-60.616133 -63.2263674,-60.616133 -63.4990311,-60.616133 -63.7716948,-60.616133 -64.0443585,-60.616133 -64.3170222,-60.616133 -64.5896859,-60.616133 -64.8623496,-60.616133 -65.1350133,-60.616133 -65.407677,-60.9911964 -65.407677,-61.3662598 -65.407677,-61.7413232 -65.407677,-62.1163866 -65.407677,-62.49145 -65.407677,-62.8665134 -65.407677,-63.2415768 -65.407677,-63.6166402 -65.407677,-63.9917036 -65.407677,-64.366767 -65.407677,-64.366767 -65.1350133,-64.366767 -64.8623496,-64.366767 -64.5896859,-64.366767 -64.3170222,-64.366767 -64.0443585,-64.366767 -63.7716948,-64.366767 -63.4990311,-64.366767 -63.2263674,-64.366767 -62.9537037,-64.366767 -62.68104))", "dataset_titles": "Information on 2023 collection sites for Belgica antarctica; LMG2002 Expedtition Data; Long-term recovery from freezing in Belgica antarctica; Simulated winter warming negatively impacts survival of Antarctica\u0027s only endemic insect", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200416", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Simulated winter warming negatively impacts survival of Antarctica\u0027s only endemic insect", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601694"}, {"dataset_uid": "601687", "doi": "10.15784/601687", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Belgica Antarctica; Biota; Sample Location", "people": "Michel, Andrew; Pavinato, Vitor; Gantz, Joseph; Kawarasaki, Yuta; Lima, Cleverson; Devlin, Jack; Teets, Nicholas; Peter, Convey", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Information on 2023 collection sites for Belgica antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601687"}, {"dataset_uid": "601698", "doi": "10.15784/601698", "keywords": "Antarctica; Belgica Antarctica; Palmer Station", "people": "Devlin, Jack; Lima, Cleverson; Lecheta, Melise; Teets, Nicholas", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Long-term recovery from freezing in Belgica antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601698"}, {"dataset_uid": "200222", "doi": "10.7284/908802", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "LMG2002 Expedtition Data", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/LMG2002"}], "date_created": "Fri, 25 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The cold, dry terrestrial environments of Antarctica are inhospitable for insects, and only three midge species make Antarctica home. Of these, Belgica antarctica is the only species found exclusively in Antarctica, and it has been a resident of Antarctica since the continent split from South America ~30 million years ago. Thus, this species is an excellent system to model the biological history of Antarctica throughout its repeated glaciation events and shifts in climate. This insect is also a classic example of extreme adaptation, and much previous work has focused on identifying the genetic and physiological mechanisms that allow this species to survive where no other insect is capable. However, it has been difficult to pinpoint the unique evolutionary adaptations that are required to survive in Antarctica due to a lack of information from closely related Antarctic and sub-Antarctic species. This project will compare adaptations, genome sequences, and population characteristics of four midge species that span an environmental gradient from sub-Antarctic to Antarctic habitats. In addition to B. antarctica, these species include two species that are strictly sub-Antarctic and a third that is native to the sub-Antarctic but has invaded parts of Antarctica. The researchers, comprised of scientists from the US, UK, Chile, and France, will sample insects from across their geographic range and measure their ability to tolerate environmental stressors (i.e., cold and desiccation), quantify molecular responses to stress, and compare the makeup of the genome and patterns of genetic diversity. This research will contribute to a greater understanding of adaptation to extremes, to an understanding of biodiversity on the planet and to understanding and predicting changes accompanying environmental change. The project will train two graduate students and two postdoctoral researchers, and a K-12 educator will be a member of the field team and will assist with fieldwork and facilitate outreach with schools in the US. The project includes partnership activities with several STEM education organizations to deliver educational content to K-12 and secondary students. This is a project that is jointly funded by the National Science Foundation\u0027s Directorate of Geosciences (NSF/GEO) and the National Environment Research Council (NERC) of the United Kingdom (UK) via the NSF/GEO-NERC Lead Agency Agreement. This Agreement allows a single joint US/UK proposal to be submitted and peer-reviewed by the Agency whose investigator has the largest proportion of the budget. Each Agency funds the proportion of the budget and the investigators associated with its own country. UK participation in this project includes deploying scientists as part of the field team, supporting field and sampling logistics at remote Antarctic sites, and genome sequencing, annotation, and analyses.\r\n\r\nThis project focuses on the key physiological adaptations and molecular processes that allow a select few insect species to survive in Antarctica. The focal species are all wingless with limited dispersal capacity, suggesting there is also significant potential to locally adapt to variable environmental conditions across the range of these species. The central hypothesis is that similar molecular mechanisms drive both population-level adaptation to local environmental conditions and macroevolutionary changes across species living in different environments. The specific aims of the project are to 1) Characterize conserved and species-specific adaptations to extreme environments through comparative physiology and transcriptomics, 2) Compare the genome sequences of these species to identify genetic signatures of extreme adaption, and 3) Investigate patterns of diversification and local adaptation across each species? range using population genomics. The project establishes an international collaboration of researchers from the US, UK, Chile, and France with shared interests and complementary expertise in the biology, genomics, and conservation of Antarctic arthropods. The Broader Impacts of the project include training students and partnering with the Living Arts and Science Center to design and implement educational content for K-12 students.\r\n\r\nThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": -60.616133, "geometry": "POINT(-62.49145 -64.0443585)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctic Peninsula; Livingston Island; Antarctica; USAP-DC; AMD; R/V LMG; USA/NSF; ARTHROPODS; Amd/Us; Anvers Island", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Anvers Island; Livingston Island", "north": -62.68104, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Teets, Nicholas; Michel, Andrew", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e R/V LMG", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "R2R; USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.407677, "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Mechanisms of Adaptation to Terrestrial Antarctica through Comparative Physiology and Genomics of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Insects", "uid": "p0010203", "west": -64.366767}, {"awards": "1846837 Bowman, Jeff", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 25 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The coastal Antarctic is undergoing great environmental change. Physical changes in the environment, such as altered sea ice duration and extent, have a direct impact on the phytoplankton and bacteria species which form the base of the marine foodweb. Photosynthetic phytoplankton are the ocean\u0027s primary producers, transforming (fixing) CO2 into organic carbon molecules and providing a source of food for zooplankton and larger predators. When phytoplankton are consumed by zooplankton, or killed by viral attack, they release large amounts of organic carbon and nutrients into the environment. Heterotrophic bacteria must eat other things, and function as \"master recyclers\", consuming these materials and converting them to bacterial biomass which can feed larger organisms such as protists. Some protists are heterotrophs, but others are mixotrophs, able to grow by photosynthesis or heterotrophy. Previous work suggests that by killing and eating bacteria, protists and viruses may regulate bacterial populations, but how these processes are regulated in Antarctic waters is poorly understood. This project will use experiments to determine the rate at which Antarctic protists consume bacteria, and field studies to identify the major bacterial taxa involved in carbon uptake and recycling. In addition, this project will use new sequencing technology to obtain completed genomes for many Antarctic marine bacteria. To place this work in an ecosystem context this project will use microbial diversity data to inform rates associated with key microbial processes within the PALMER ecosystem model.\r\n\r\nThis project addresses critical unknowns regarding the ecological role of heterotrophic marine bacteria in the coastal Antarctic and the top-down controls on bacterial populations. Previous work suggests that at certain times of the year grazing by heterotrophic and mixotrophic protists may meet or exceed bacterial production rates. Similarly, in more temperate waters bacteriophages (viruses) are thought to contribute significantly to bacterial mortality during the spring and summer. These different top-down controls have implications for carbon flow through the marine foodweb, because protists are grazed more efficiently by higher trophic levels than are bacteria. This project uses a combination of grazing experiments and field observations to assess the temporal dynamics of mortality due to temperate bacteriophage and protists. Although many heterotrophic bacterial strains observed in the coastal Antarctic are taxonomically similar to strains from other regions, recent work suggest that they are phylogenetically and genetically distinct. To better understand the ecological function and evolutionary trajectories of key Antarctic marine bacteria, their genomes will be isolated and sequenced. Then, these genomes will be used to improve the predictions of the paprica metabolic inference pipeline, and our understanding of the relationship between heterotrophic bacteria and their major predators in the Antarctic marine environment. Finally, the research team will modify the Regional Test-Bed Model model to enable microbial diversity data to be used to optimize the starting conditions of key parameters, and to constrain the model\u0027s data assimilation methods.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Magmatic Volatiles; BACTERIA/ARCHAEA; VIRUSES; USA/NSF; Palmer Station; ECOSYSTEM FUNCTIONS; COMMUNITY DYNAMICS; LABORATORY; Amd/Us; PROTISTS; AMD; USAP-DC", "locations": "Palmer Station", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Bowman, Jeff; Connors, Elizabeth", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "CAREER: Understanding microbial heterotrophic processes in coastal Antarctic waters", "uid": "p0010201", "west": null}, {"awards": "1644159 Jacobs, Stanley", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -72.5,-177 -72.5,-174 -72.5,-171 -72.5,-168 -72.5,-165 -72.5,-162 -72.5,-159 -72.5,-156 -72.5,-153 -72.5,-150 -72.5,-150 -73.15,-150 -73.8,-150 -74.45,-150 -75.1,-150 -75.75,-150 -76.4,-150 -77.05,-150 -77.7,-150 -78.35,-150 -79,-153 -79,-156 -79,-159 -79,-162 -79,-165 -79,-168 -79,-171 -79,-174 -79,-177 -79,180 -79,178.2 -79,176.4 -79,174.6 -79,172.8 -79,171 -79,169.2 -79,167.4 -79,165.6 -79,163.8 -79,162 -79,162 -78.35,162 -77.7,162 -77.05,162 -76.4,162 -75.75,162 -75.1,162 -74.45,162 -73.8,162 -73.15,162 -72.5,163.8 -72.5,165.6 -72.5,167.4 -72.5,169.2 -72.5,171 -72.5,172.8 -72.5,174.6 -72.5,176.4 -72.5,178.2 -72.5,-180 -72.5))", "dataset_titles": "Antarctic Seawater d18O isotope data from SE Amundsen Sea: 2000, 2007, 2009, 2019, 2020; Ross Island area salinity and temperature records 1956 to 2020", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601458", "doi": "10.15784/601458", "keywords": "Antarctica; CTD; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Ross Island; Ross Sea; Salinity; Temperature", "people": "Jacobs, Stanley; Giulivi, Claudia F.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Ross Island area salinity and temperature records 1956 to 2020", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601458"}, {"dataset_uid": "601611", "doi": "10.15784/601611", "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Chemistry:Water; CTD; D18O; NBP0001; NBP0702; NBP0901; NBP1901; NBP2002; Oceans; Oxygen Isotope; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Seawater Isotope; Southern Ocean", "people": "Hennig, Andrew", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Antarctic Seawater d18O isotope data from SE Amundsen Sea: 2000, 2007, 2009, 2019, 2020", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601611"}], "date_created": "Fri, 25 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project extended and combined historical and recent ocean data sets to investigate ice-ocean-interactions along the Pacific continental margin of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The synthesis focused on the strikingly different environments on and near the cold Ross Sea and warm Amundsen Sea continental shelves, where available measurements reach back to 1911 and 1994, respectively. On the more extensively covered Ross Sea continental shelf, multiple reoccupations of ocean stations and transects since the 1950s were used to extend our knowledge of ocean thermohaline change and variability. The more rugged Amundsen Sea continental shelf contains the earth\u0027s fastest melting ice shelves, which Holland et al (2019) show can be linked to decadal-scale variability in the tropical Pacific, and Jacobs et al. (2021) document as being the primary influence on freshening downstream in the Ross Sea. Recent and potential future rates of sea level rise are the primary broad-scale impacts revealed by the observations of ice and ocean changes in these study areas. More regionally, freshening also influences the properties of slope front and coastal currents, and abyssal water mass formation. The overriding question in such work is whether their contributions to global and regional sea levels will continue to increase ~linearly, perhaps allowing greenhouse gas reductions to head off the worst consequences, or accelerate and contribute to major social and economic upheavals. The compiled ocean station profile data has been derived from measurements made from 16 ships operated by 6 countries, from 5 projects using holes through fast and glacier ice, and from 3 studies using drifting floats. We are grateful to the many individuals who have acquired, processed and provided the data, along with their supporting agencies, and welcome corrections and updates to this archive.\n\n", "east": -150.0, "geometry": "POINT(-174 -75.75)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; AMD; USA/NSF; COMPUTERS; Ross Sea; SHIPS; USAP-DC; SALINITY/DENSITY; OCEAN TEMPERATURE", "locations": "Ross Sea", "north": -72.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Jacobs, Stanley", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e MODELS \u003e COMPUTERS; WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e SHIPS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.0, "title": "West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions ", "uid": "p0010208", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "1914698 Hansen, Samantha; 1914668 Aschwanden, Andy; 1914743 Becker, Thorsten; 1914767 Winberry, Paul", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((90 -65,99 -65,108 -65,117 -65,126 -65,135 -65,144 -65,153 -65,162 -65,171 -65,180 -65,180 -67.5,180 -70,180 -72.5,180 -75,180 -77.5,180 -80,180 -82.5,180 -85,180 -87.5,180 -90,171 -90,162 -90,153 -90,144 -90,135 -90,126 -90,117 -90,108 -90,99 -90,90 -90,90 -87.5,90 -85,90 -82.5,90 -80,90 -77.5,90 -75,90 -72.5,90 -70,90 -67.5,90 -65))", "dataset_titles": "East Antarctic Seismicity from different Automated Event Detection Algorithms; Full Waveform Ambient Noise Tomography for East Antarctica", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601763", "doi": "10.15784/601763", "keywords": "Ambient Noise; Antarctica; East Antarctica; Geoscientificinformation; Seismic Tomography; Seismology", "people": "Emry, Erica; Hansen, Samantha", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Full Waveform Ambient Noise Tomography for East Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601763"}, {"dataset_uid": "601762", "doi": "10.15784/601762", "keywords": "Antarctica; Geoscientificinformation; Machine Learning; Seismic Event Detection; Seismology; Seismometer", "people": "Ho, Long; Hansen, Samantha; Walter, Jacob", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "East Antarctic Seismicity from different Automated Event Detection Algorithms", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601762"}], "date_created": "Fri, 25 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Part I: Nontechnical \u003cbr/\u003eEarths warming climate has the potential to drive widespread collapse of glaciers and ice sheets across the planet, driving global sea-level rise. Understanding both the rate and magnitude of such changes is essential for predicting future sea-level and how it will impact infrastructure and property. Collapse of the ice sheets of Antarctica has the potential to raise global sea-level by up to 60 meters. However, not all regions of Antarctica are equally suspectable to collapse. One area with potential for collapse is the Wilkes Subglacial Basin in East Antarctica, a region twice the size of California\u0027s Central Valley. Geologic evidence indicates that the ice-sheet in this region has retreated significantly in response to past global warming events. While the geologic record clearly indicates ice-sheets in this area are vulnerable, the rate and magnitude of any future retreat will be influenced significantly by geology of the region. Constraining the geologic controls on the stability of the ice-sheets of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin remains challenging since the ice-sheet hides the geology beneath kilometers of ice. As a step in understanding the potential for future ice loss in the Wilkes Subglacial Basin this project will conduct geophysical analysis of existing data to better constrain the geology of the region. These results will constrain new models designed to understand the tectonics that control the behavior of the ice-sheets in the region. These new models will highlight the geological properties that exert the most significant control on the future of the ice-sheets of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin. Such insights are critical to guide future efforts aimed at collecting in-situ observations needed to more fully constrain Antarctica\u0027s potential for future sea-level. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e Part II: Technical Description \u003cbr/\u003eIn polar environments, inward-sloping marine basins are susceptible to an effect known as the marine ice-sheet instability (MISI): run-away ice stream drainage caused by warm ocean water eroding the ice shelf from below. The magnitude and time-scale of the ice-sheet response strongly depend on the physical conditions along the ice-bed interface, which are, to a first order, controlled by the tectonic evolution of the basin. Topography, sedimentology, geothermal heat flux, and mantle viscosity all play critical roles in ice-sheet stability. However, in most cases, these solid-Earth parameters for regions susceptible to the MISI are largely unknown. One region with potential susceptibility to MISI is the Wilkes Subglacial Basin of East Antarctica. The project will provide an integrated investigation of the Wilkes Subglacial Basin, combining geophysical analyses with both mantle flow and ice-sheet modeling to understand the stability of the ice sheet in this region, and the associated potential sea level rise. The work will be focused on four primary objectives: (1) to develop an improved tectonic model for the region based on existing seismic observations as well as existing geophysical and geological data; (2) to use the new tectonic model and seismic data to estimate the thermal, density, and viscosity structure of the upper mantle and to develop a heat flow map for the WSB; (3) to simulate mantle flow and to assess paleotopography based on our density and viscosity constraints; and (4) to assess ice-sheet behavior by modeling (a) past ice-sheet stability using our paleotopography estimates and (b) future ice-sheet stability using our heat flow and mantle viscosity estimates. Ultimately, the project will generate improved images of the geophysical structure beneath the WSB that will allow us to assess the geodynamic origin for this region and to assess the influence of geologic parameters on past, current, and future ice-sheet behavior. These efforts will then highlight areas and geophysical properties that should be the focus of future geophysical deployments.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(135 -77.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "TECTONICS; AMD; Wilkes Subglacial Basin; ICE SHEETS; USA/NSF; Amd/Us; SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS; SEISMIC SURFACE WAVES; East Antarctica; USAP-DC", "locations": "East Antarctica; Wilkes Subglacial Basin", "north": -65.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Becker, Thorsten; Binder, April; Hansen, Samantha; Aschwanden, Andy; Winberry, Paul", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e SEISMOLOGICAL STATIONS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Resolving earth structure influence on ice-sheet stability in the Wilkes\r\nSubglacial Basin (RESISSt)", "uid": "p0010204", "west": 90.0}, {"awards": "1840927 Weissburg, Marc; 1840949 Fields, David; 1840941 Murphy, David", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 25 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Overview: This project has two goals. The first is to investigate the responses of Antarctic krill Euphasia superba to flow and chemical stimuli indicating food and predation risk, the interaction of these cues, and how krill responses to these cues depend on the photic environment. This project will will determine threshold responses, the ability of krill to orient to horizontal and vertical flows, whether chemical cues polarize responses to flow and whether this differs with attractive vs. aversive cues, and how these responses are affected by light intensity. This will determine how and under what specific conditions the flow, chemical and light environment can either attract or repel krill, and whether krill can use flows to transport themselves towards beneficial environments and away from risky ones. The second goal is to examine whether the behavioral responses of individual krill can be scaled up to predict the properties of aggregations such as density, coherence, swimming speed and direction. This project will use a modeling approach to determine properties of krill aggregations in defined oceanographic conditions characteristic of the southern ocean to examine links between individual behavior and aggregation properties in physically realistic scenarios.\r\n\r\nIntellectual Merit:\r\nKrill are an ecologically important component of all high latitude food webs and constitute a growing fishery yet we know very little about their behavior in response to environmentally relevant chemical, flow and photic conditions. Understanding krill demography can be enabled by examining individual responses to light, attractive (food related) and aversive (predator related) chemical cues, flow, light and their interactions. This analysis can be used to define/predict preferred environments, define the capacity of krill to detect and move to them (and away from unfavorable ones), better parameterize models of DVM, and krill energetics. Linking individual behavior to aggregations will improve our ability to use passive acoustic sampling of krill to understand their biology by providing insight into what krill are doing in aggregations that display particular features, and help define useful properties to characterize aggregations. The role of biology vs. physical forcing in determining zooplankton distributions, and the relationship between individual behavior and emergent group properties are fundamental questions.\r\n\r\nBroader Impacts:\r\nAntarctic krill (Eupahusia superba) are dominant members of the Southern Ocean. They are a critical resource for higher predators, are considered an ecosystem engineer, are the most highly linked species in Antarctic food webs, exert top down control on phytoplankton abundance and represent the largest Antarctic fishery. This project will therefore impact our understanding of the ecology of high latitude systems, their capacity to respond to environmental perturbations (like climate change), and krill fisheries management. Project PIs will engage conservation and management experts to vet and use the developed software tools, as well as to share results. The project will support one post-doctoral associate to be trained in a highly interdisciplinary environment, and provide graduate and undergraduate research opportunities in ocean sciences, biology and engineering. Products will include open source code for behavioral modeling, K12 curricular materials based on these models as well as digital archives of krill behavior, and a variety of public engagement activities.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ANIMAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR; AMD; FIELD INVESTIGATION; Amd/Us; USAP-DC; Palmer Station; USA/NSF", "locations": "Palmer Station", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Record, Nicholas ; Weissburg, Marc", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Collaborative Research: Individual Based Approaches to Understanding Krill Distributions and Aggregations", "uid": "p0010202", "west": null}, {"awards": "1906015 Kelley, Joanna", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Data, Code, and Results for the Zoarcoidei Phylogeny (Hotaling et al.)", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200221", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.4306092).", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Data, Code, and Results for the Zoarcoidei Phylogeny (Hotaling et al.)", "url": "https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4306092"}], "date_created": "Fri, 25 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Fish that reside in the harsh, subfreezing waters of the Antarctic and Arctic provide fascinating examples of adaptation to extreme environments. Species at both poles have independently evolved ways to deal with constant cold temperature, including the evolution of antifreeze proteins. Under freezing conditions, these compounds attach to ice crystals and prevent their growth. This lowers the tissue freezing point and reduces the chance the animal will be injured or killed. While it might seem that the need for unique adaptations to survive in polar waters would reduce species diversity in these habitats, recent evidence showed higher speciation rates in fishes from polar environments as compared to those found in warmer waters. This is despite the fact cold temperatures slow cellular processes, which had been expected to lower rates of molecular evolution in these species. To determine how rates of speciation and molecular evolution are linked in marine fishes, this project will compare the genomes of multiple polar and non-polar fishes. By doing so, it will (1) clarify how rates of evolution vary in polar environments, (2) identify general trends that shape the adaptive trajectories of polar fishes, and (3) determine how functional differences shape the evolution of novel compounds such as the antifreeze proteins some polar fishes rely upon to survive. In addition to training a new generation of scientists, the project will develop curriculum and outreach activities for elementary and undergraduate science courses. Materials will be delivered in classrooms across the western United States, with a focus on rural schools as part of a network for promoting evolutionary education in rural communities.\r\n\r\nTo better understand the biology of polar fishes and the evolution of antifreeze proteins (AFPs), this research will compare the evolutionary histories of cold-adapted organisms to those of related non-polar species from both a genotypic and phenotypic context. In doing so, this research will test whether evolutionary rates are slowed in polar environments, perhaps due to constraints on cellular processes. It will also evaluate the effects of positive selection and the relaxation of selection on genes and pathways, both of which appear to be key adaptive strategies involved in the adaptation to polar environments. To address specific mechanisms by which extreme adaptation occurs, researchers will determine how global gradients of temperature and dissolved oxygen shape genome variation and influence adaptive trajectories among multiple species of eelpouts (family Zoarcidae). An in-vitro experimental approach will then be used to test functional hypotheses about the role of copy number variation in AFP evolution, and how and why multiple antifreeze protein isoforms have evolved. By comparing the genomes of multiple polar and non-polar fishes, the project will clarify how rates of evolution vary in polar environments, identify general trends that shape the adaptive trajectories of cold-adapted marine fishes, and determine how functional differences shape the evolution of novel proteins. This project addresses the strategic programmatic aim to provide a better understanding of the genetic underpinnings of organismal adaptations to their current environment and ways in which polar fishes may respond to changing conditions over different evolutionary time scales. The project is jointly funded by the Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems Program in the Office of Polar Programs of the Geosciences Directorate, and the Molecular Biophysics Program of the Division of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences in the Biological Sciences Directorate.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; FISH; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; LABORATORY; AMD; USAP-DC; Amd/Us; USA/NSF", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Kelley, Joanna", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "Zenodo", "repositories": "Zenodo", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Genome Evolution in Polar Fishes", "uid": "p0010200", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1643877 Friedlaender, Ari", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-65 -63.5,-64.5 -63.5,-64 -63.5,-63.5 -63.5,-63 -63.5,-62.5 -63.5,-62 -63.5,-61.5 -63.5,-61 -63.5,-60.5 -63.5,-60 -63.5,-60 -63.73,-60 -63.96,-60 -64.19,-60 -64.42,-60 -64.65,-60 -64.88,-60 -65.11,-60 -65.34,-60 -65.57,-60 -65.8,-60.5 -65.8,-61 -65.8,-61.5 -65.8,-62 -65.8,-62.5 -65.8,-63 -65.8,-63.5 -65.8,-64 -65.8,-64.5 -65.8,-65 -65.8,-65 -65.57,-65 -65.34,-65 -65.11,-65 -64.88,-65 -64.65,-65 -64.42,-65 -64.19,-65 -63.96,-65 -63.73,-65 -63.5))", "dataset_titles": "Motion-sensing biologging data from Antarctic minke whales, West Antarctic Peninsula", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601542", "doi": "10.15784/601542", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biologging; Foraging; Ice; Minke Whales", "people": "Friedlaender, Ari", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Motion-sensing biologging data from Antarctic minke whales, West Antarctic Peninsula", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601542"}], "date_created": "Fri, 25 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Part 1. The Antarctic Peninsula is warming rapidly and one of the consequences of this change is a decrease in sea ice cover. Antarctic minke whales are the largest ice-obligate krill predator in the region yet little is known about their foraging behavior and ecology. The goals of our research project are to use suite of new technological tools to measure the underwater behavior of the whales and better understand how they exploit the sea ice habitat. Using video-recording motion-sensing tags, we can reconstruct the underwater movements of the whales and determine where and when they feed. Using UAS (unmanned aerial systems) we can generate real-time images of sea ice cover and link these with our tag data to determine how much time whales spend in sea ice versus open water, and how the behavior of the whales changes between these two habitats. Lastly, we will use scientific echosounders to characterize the prey field that the whales are exploiting and look for differences in krill availability inside and out of the ice. All of this information is critical to understand the ecological role of Antarctic minke whales so that we can better predict and understand the impacts of climate change not only on these animals, but on the structure and function of the Antarctic marine ecosystem. \nOur research will promote the progress of science by elucidating the ecological role of a poorly known Antarctic predator and using this information to better understand the impact of climate change in polar regions. The integration of our multi-disciplinary methods to study marine ecology and climate change impacts will serve as a template for similar work in other at-risk regions and species. Our educational and outreach program will increase awareness and understanding of minke whales, Antarctic marine ecosystems, sea ice, and climate change through the use of documentary filming, real-time delivery of project events via social media, and curriculum development for formal STEM educators.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\nPart 2. To understand how climatic changes will manifest in the demography of predators that rely on sea ice habitat requires knowledge of their behavior and ecology. The largest ice-dependent krill predator and most abundant cetacean in the Southern Ocean is the Antarctic minke whale yet virtually nothing is known of the their foraging behavior or ecological role. Thus, we lack the knowledge to understand how climate-driven changes will affect these animals and therefore the dynamics of the ecosystem as a whole. We will use multi-sensor and video recording tags, fisheries acoustics, and unmanned aerial systems to study the foraging behavior and ecological role of minke whales in the waters of the Antarctic Peninsula. We pose the following research questions:\u003cbr/\u003e\n1.\tWhat is the feeding performance of AMWs?\u003cbr/\u003e\n2.\tHow important is sea ice to the foraging behavior of AMW?\u003cbr/\u003e\n3.\tHow do AMWs feed directly under sea ice?\u003cbr/\u003e\nWe will use proven tagging and analytical approaches to characterize the underwater feeding behavior and kinematics of minke whales. Combined with quantitative measurements of the prey field, we will measure the energetic costs of feeding and determine how minke whales optimize energy gain. Using animal-borne video recording tags and UAS technology we will also determine how much feeding occurs directly under sea ice and how this mode differs from open water feeding. This knowledge will: (1) significantly enhance our knowledge of the least-studied Antarctic krill predator; and (2) be made directly available to international, long-term efforts to understand how climate-driven changes will affect the structure and function of the Antarctic marine ecosystem.\nOur educational and outreach are to increase awareness and understanding of: (i) the ecological role of minke whales around the Antarctic Peninsula; (ii) the effects of global climate change on an abundant but largely unstudied marine predator; (iii) the advanced methods and technologies used by whale researchers to study these cryptic animals and their prey; and (iv) the variety of careers in ocean science by sharing the experiences of scientists and students. These will be achieved by delivery of project events and data to informal audiences through pervasive social media channels, together with a traditional professional development program and formal STEM education. \n", "east": -60.0, "geometry": "POINT(-62.5 -64.65)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Andvord Bay; USAP-DC; MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; AMD; FIELD INVESTIGATION; Amd/Us; USA/NSF", "locations": "Andvord Bay", "north": -63.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Friedlaender, Ari", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.8, "title": "Foraging Behavior and Ecological Role of the Least Studied Antarctic Krill Predator, the Antarctic Minke Whale (Balaenoptera Bonaerensis)", "uid": "p0010207", "west": -65.0}, {"awards": "1844793 Aksoy, Mustafa", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Antarctic Firn Brightness Temperatures Measured by AMSR2 and SSMIS (Concordia, Vostok, and the Entire Ice Sheet)); In-Situ Density, Temperature, Grain Size, and Layer Thickness data for the Antarctic Ice Sheet", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601550", "doi": "10.15784/601550", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Ice Sheet; Satellite; Vostok", "people": "Aksoy, Mustafa; Kar, Rahul; Kaurejo, Dua", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Antarctic Firn Brightness Temperatures Measured by AMSR2 and SSMIS (Concordia, Vostok, and the Entire Ice Sheet))", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601550"}, {"dataset_uid": "601551", "doi": "10.15784/601551", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Ice Sheet", "people": "Kar, Rahul; Kaurejo, Dua; Aksoy, Mustafa", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "In-Situ Density, Temperature, Grain Size, and Layer Thickness data for the Antarctic Ice Sheet", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601551"}], "date_created": "Fri, 25 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project will test the hypothesis that physical and thermal properties of Antarctic firn--partially compacted granular snow in an intermediate stage between snow and glacier ice--can be remotely measured from space. Although these properties, such as internal temperature, density, grain size, and layer thickness, are highly relevant to studies of Antarctic climate, ice-sheet dynamics, and mass balance, their measurement currently relies on sparse in-situ surveys under challenging weather conditions. Sensors on polar-orbiting satellites can observe the entire Antarctic every few days during their years-long lifetime. Consequently, the approaches developed in this study, when coupled with the advancing technologies of small and low-cost CubeSats, aim to contribute to Antarctic science and lead to cost-effective, convenient, and accurate long-term analyses of the Antarctic system while reducing the human footprint on the continent. Moreover, the project will be solely based on publicly-available datasets; thus, while contributing to interdisciplinary undergraduate and graduate research and education at the grantee\u0027s institution, the project will also encourage engagement of citizen scientists through its website.\r\n\r\nThe overarching goal of this project is to characterize Antarctic firn layers in terms of their thickness, physical temperature, density, and grain size through multi-frequency microwave radiometer measurements from space. Electromagnetic penetration depth changes with frequency in ice; thus, multi-frequency radiometers are able to profile firn layer properties versus depth. To achieve its objective, the project will utilize the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) satellite constellation as a single multi-frequency microwave radiometer system with 11 frequency channels observing the Antarctic Ice Sheet. Archived in-situ measurements of Antarctic firn density, grain size, temperature, and layer thickness will be collected and separated into training and test datasets. Microwave emissions simulated using the training data will be compared to GPM constellation measurements to evaluate and improve state-of-the-art forward microwave emission models. Based on these models, the project will develop numerical retrieval algorithms for the thermal and physical properties of Antarctic firn. Results of retrievals will be validated using the test dataset, and uncertainty and error analyses will be conducted. Lastly, changes in the thermal and physical characteristics of Antarctic firn will be examined through long-term retrieval studies exploiting GPM constellation measurements.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; FIRN; Amd/Us; USA/NSF; ICE SHEETS; SNOW DENSITY; Multi-Frequency Passive Remote Sensing; University At Albany; USAP-DC; SNOW/ICE TEMPERATURE; SATELLITES; SNOW/ICE", "locations": "University At Albany", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Aksoy, Mustafa", "platforms": "SPACE-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e EARTH OBSERVATION SATELLITES \u003e SATELLITES", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Characterization of Antarctic Firn by Multi-Frequency Passive Remote Sensing from Space", "uid": "p0010206", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1640481 Rotella, Jay", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((162 -75,162.8 -75,163.6 -75,164.4 -75,165.2 -75,166 -75,166.8 -75,167.6 -75,168.4 -75,169.2 -75,170 -75,170 -75.38,170 -75.76,170 -76.14,170 -76.52,170 -76.9,170 -77.28,170 -77.66,170 -78.03999999999999,170 -78.42,170 -78.8,169.2 -78.8,168.4 -78.8,167.6 -78.8,166.8 -78.8,166 -78.8,165.2 -78.8,164.4 -78.8,163.6 -78.8,162.8 -78.8,162 -78.8,162 -78.42,162 -78.03999999999999,162 -77.66,162 -77.28,162 -76.9,162 -76.52,162 -76.14,162 -75.76,162 -75.38,162 -75))", "dataset_titles": "Demographic data for Weddell Seal colonies in Erebus Bay through the 2017 Antarctic field season; Demographic data for Weddell Seal colonies in Erebus Bay through the 2023 Antarctic field season", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601837", "doi": null, "keywords": "AMD; Amd/Us; Antarctica; Cryosphere; McMurdo Sound; Population Dynamics; USA/NSF; USAP-DC; Weddell Seal", "people": "Rotella, Jay", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Demographic data for Weddell Seal colonies in Erebus Bay through the 2023 Antarctic field season", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601837"}, {"dataset_uid": "200300", "doi": " https://doi.org/10.15784/601125 ", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Demographic data for Weddell Seal colonies in Erebus Bay through the 2017 Antarctic field season", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601125"}], "date_created": "Thu, 24 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Erebus Bay population of Weddell seals in the Ross Sea of Antarctica is the most southerly breeding population of mammal in the world, closely associated with persistent shore-fast ice, and one that has been intensively studied since 1969. The resulting long-term database, which includes data for over 25,000 marked individuals, contains detailed population information that provides an excellent opportunity to study linkages between environmental conditions and demographic processes in the Antarctic. The study population is of special interest as the Ross Sea is one of the most productive areas of the Southern Ocean and one of the most pristine marine environments on the planet. The study provides long-term demographic data for individual seals", "east": 170.0, "geometry": "POINT(166 -76.9)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; ANIMAL ECOLOGY AND BEHAVIOR; Amd/Us; FIELD INVESTIGATION; Ross Sea; USA/NSF; USAP-DC", "locations": "Ross Sea", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Rotella, Jay; Garrott, Robert", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.8, "title": "The consequences of maternal effects and environmental conditions on offspring success in an Antarctic predator", "uid": "p0010198", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "1739027 Tulaczyk, Slawek", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-125 -73,-122.1 -73,-119.2 -73,-116.3 -73,-113.4 -73,-110.5 -73,-107.6 -73,-104.7 -73,-101.8 -73,-98.9 -73,-96 -73,-96 -73.7,-96 -74.4,-96 -75.1,-96 -75.8,-96 -76.5,-96 -77.2,-96 -77.9,-96 -78.6,-96 -79.3,-96 -80,-98.9 -80,-101.8 -80,-104.7 -80,-107.6 -80,-110.5 -80,-113.4 -80,-116.3 -80,-119.2 -80,-122.1 -80,-125 -80,-125 -79.3,-125 -78.6,-125 -77.9,-125 -77.2,-125 -76.5,-125 -75.8,-125 -75.1,-125 -74.4,-125 -73.7,-125 -73))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 24 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project contributes to the joint initiative launched by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) and the U.K. Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) to substantially improve decadal and longer-term projections of ice loss and sea-level rise originating from Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica. Collapse of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) could raise the global sea level by about 5 meters (16 feet) and the scientific community considers it the most significant risk for coastal environments and cities. The risk arises from the deep, marine setting of WAIS. Although scientists have been aware of the precarious setting of this ice sheet since the early 1970s, it is only now that the flow of ice in several large drainage basins is undergoing dynamic change consistent with a potentially irreversible disintegration. Understanding WAIS stability and enabling more accurate prediction of sea-level rise through computer simulation are two of the key objectives facing the polar science community today. This project will directly address both objectives by: (1) using state-of-the-art technologies to observe rapidly deforming parts of Thwaites Glacier that may have significant control over the future evolution of WAIS, and (2) using these new observations to improve ice-sheet models used to predict future sea-level rise. This project brings together a multidisciplinary team of UK and US scientists. This international collaboration will result in new understanding of natural processes that may lead to the collapse of the WAIS and will boost infrastructure for research and education by creating a multidisciplinary network of scientists. This team will mentor three postdoctoral researchers, train four Ph.D. students and integrate undergraduate students in this research project.\r\n\r\nThe project will test the overarching hypothesis that shear-margin dynamics may exert powerful control on the future evolution of ice flow in Thwaites Drainage Basin. To test the hypothesis, the team will set up an ice observatory at two sites on the eastern shear margin of Thwaites Glacier. The team argues that weak topographic control makes this shear margin susceptible to outward migration and, possibly, sudden jumps in response to the drawdown of inland ice when the grounding line of Thwaites retreats. The ice observatory is designed to produce new and comprehensive constraints on englacial properties, including ice deformation rates, ice crystal fabric, ice viscosity, ice temperature, ice water content and basal melt rates. The ice observatory will also establish basal conditions, including thickness and porosity of the till layer and the deeper marine sediments, if any. Furthermore, the team will develop new knowledge with an emphasis on physical processes, including direct assessment of the spatial and temporal scales on which these processes operate. Seismic surveys will be carried out in 2D and 3D using wireless geophones. A network of broadband seismometers will identify icequakes produced by crevassing and basal sliding. Autonomous radar systems with phased arrays will produce sequential images of rapidly deforming internal layers in 3D while potentially also revealing the geometry of a basal water system. Datasets will be incorporated into numerical models developed on different spatial scales. One will focus specifically on shear-margin dynamics, the other on how shear-margin dynamics can influence ice flow in the whole drainage basin. Upon completion, the project aims to have confirmed whether the eastern shear margin of Thwaites Glacier can migrate rapidly, as hypothesized, and if so what the impacts will be in terms of sea-level rise in this century and beyond.\r\n", "east": -96.0, "geometry": "POINT(-110.5 -76.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FIELD INVESTIGATION; GLACIER MOTION/ICE SHEET MOTION; Thwaites Glacier; USAP-DC; USA/NSF; Magmatic Volatiles; AMD; GLACIER MASS BALANCE/ICE SHEET MASS BALANCE; ICE SHEETS; Amd/Us", "locations": "Thwaites Glacier", "north": -73.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Instrumentation and Support; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Tulaczyk, Slawek", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repositories": null, "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -80.0, "title": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites Interdisciplinary Margin Evolution (TIME): The Role of Shear Margin Dynamics in the Future Evolution of the Thwaites Drainage Basin", "uid": "p0010199", "west": -125.0}, {"awards": "1643120 Iverson, Neal", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Ice permeameter experimental parameters and results; Softening of temperate ice by interstitial water; Tertiary creep rates if temperate ice containing greater than 0.7% liquid water", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601460", "doi": "10.15784/601460", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Stream; Lab Experiment; Rheology; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Water Content", "people": "Iverson, Neal", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Softening of temperate ice by interstitial water", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601460"}, {"dataset_uid": "601515", "doi": "10.15784/601515", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glacier Flow; Glacier Hydrology; Glaciological Instruments And Methods; Glaciology; Ice Physics; Ice Stream; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "people": "Iverson, Neal; Fowler, Jacob", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Ice permeameter experimental parameters and results", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601515"}, {"dataset_uid": "601833", "doi": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere", "people": "Iverson, Neal", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Tertiary creep rates if temperate ice containing greater than 0.7% liquid water", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601833"}], "date_created": "Wed, 23 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to study the effect of liquid, intercrystalline water on the flow resistance of ice and the mobility of this water within ice. Water plays a central role in the flow of ice streams. It lubricates their bases and softens their margins, where flow speeds abruptly transition from rapid to slow. Within ice stream margins some ice is \"temperate,\u201d meaning that it is at its pressure-melting temperature with relatively thick water films at grain boundaries that significantly soften the ice. The amount of water in ice depends sensitively on its permeability, values of which are too poorly known to estimate the water contents of ice-stream shear margins or associated ice viscosities.\r\n \r\n\r\nThis award stems from the NSF/GEO-UK NERC lead agency opportunity (NSF 14-118) and is a collaboration between Iowa State University and Oxford University in the United Kingdom. The experimental part of the project is executed at Iowa State University and is the focus herein because it has been supported by NSF. Two sets of experiments are conducted. In one set, a large ring-shear device is used to shear ice in confined compression and at its melting temperature to study the sensitivity of ice viscosity to water content. Ice is sheared at stresses and strain rates comparable to those of ice-stream margins, and water content is varied through twice the range explored in the only previous set of experiments that investigated ice softening by water. The second set of experiments required the design, fabrication, and testing of a laboratory ice permeameter that allows the permeability of temperate ice to be measured. Experiments are conducted to study the dependence of ice permeability on ice grain size and water content--the two dependencies required to model grain-scale water flow through temperate ice.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "GLACIER MOTION/ICE SHEET MOTION; Rheology; Antarctica; LABORATORY; Ice Stream; USA/NSF; USAP-DC; Lab Experiment; Water Content", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Iverson, Neal; Zoet, Lucas", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Two-Phase Dynamics of Temperate Ice", "uid": "p0010197", "west": null}, {"awards": "1643119 Zabotin, Nikolay", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -73,-177 -73,-174 -73,-171 -73,-168 -73,-165 -73,-162 -73,-159 -73,-156 -73,-153 -73,-150 -73,-150 -74.2,-150 -75.4,-150 -76.6,-150 -77.8,-150 -79,-150 -80.2,-150 -81.4,-150 -82.6,-150 -83.8,-150 -85,-153 -85,-156 -85,-159 -85,-162 -85,-165 -85,-168 -85,-171 -85,-174 -85,-177 -85,180 -85,178 -85,176 -85,174 -85,172 -85,170 -85,168 -85,166 -85,164 -85,162 -85,160 -85,160 -83.8,160 -82.6,160 -81.4,160 -80.2,160 -79,160 -77.8,160 -76.6,160 -75.4,160 -74.2,160 -73,162 -73,164 -73,166 -73,168 -73,170 -73,172 -73,174 -73,176 -73,178 -73,-180 -73))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 22 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Recent theoretical and experimental work indicates that in a wide range of altitudes and for periods from a few minutes to several hours, a significant part of the wave activity observed in the thermosphere is due to acoustic gravity waves radiated by infragravity waves in the ocean. It is proposed to study this impressive connection between geospheres in Antarctica, at the location where close proximity of the Ross Ice Shelf makes it very special. Infragravity waves are able to excite the fundamental mode and low-order oscillations in the Ross Ice Shelf at its resonance frequencies, with the latter creating standing wave structures throughout the atmosphere. It is likely that this effect was recently detected using lidar observations at McMurdo. This project will study implications of this phenomenon, as well as more general aspects of wave activity in Antarctic geospheres, using data from a unique combination of recently installed instruments: the Dynasonde at Korean Jang Bogo station, the NSF-sponsored network of seismographs and microbarometers on the Ross Ice Shelf, and the IMS-affiliated infrasound station near McMurdo.\r\n\r\nThe goal of this research is to study atmospheric waves in the thermosphere in Antarctica and to investigate the roles that the Ross Ice Shelf and the Southern Ocean play in generation of the atmospheric waves. Anticipated results are of interest also for general aeronomy and for glaciology. This project will verify the hypothesis that the persistent atmospheric waves in mesosphere and lower thermosphere, which are observed with a lidar instrument at McMurdo, are related to the low-frequency vibration resonances of the Ross Ice Shelf excited by infragravity waves in the ocean. An accurate characterization will be achieved for low-frequency oscillations of the Ross Ice Shelf and the quality factors of its resonances will be assessed. Investigation of a consistency between observed and predicted vertical distributions of the wave intensity is expected to provide insights into where the horizontal momentum carried by AGWs is transferred to the mean motion, i.e., to the large-scale dynamics of the Antarctic thermosphere. A determination of whether accurate measurements of the acoustic resonant frequencies and their variations can provide useful constraints on the neutral temperature profile in the atmosphere will be done. Extensive use of Jang Bogo Dynasonde data in all mentioned tasks will allow further developing Dynasonde techniques.", "east": -150.0, "geometry": "POINT(-175 -79)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Ronne Ice Shelf; USA/NSF; Amd/Us; AMD; SEA ICE MOTION; FIELD INVESTIGATION; USAP-DC", "locations": "Ronne Ice Shelf", "north": -73.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Astrophysics and Geospace Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Godin, Oleg; Zabotin, Nikolay", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -85.0, "title": "Resonance Properties of the Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica, as a Factor in Regional Wave Interaction between Ocean and Atmosphere", "uid": "p0010195", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "1643494 Saal, Alberto", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-68.074 -57.345,-66.6033 -57.345,-65.1326 -57.345,-63.6619 -57.345,-62.1912 -57.345,-60.7205 -57.345,-59.2498 -57.345,-57.7791 -57.345,-56.3084 -57.345,-54.8377 -57.345,-53.367 -57.345,-53.367 -58.12517,-53.367 -58.90534,-53.367 -59.68551,-53.367 -60.46568,-53.367 -61.24585,-53.367 -62.02602,-53.367 -62.80619,-53.367 -63.58636,-53.367 -64.36653,-53.367 -65.1467,-54.8377 -65.1467,-56.3084 -65.1467,-57.7791 -65.1467,-59.2498 -65.1467,-60.7205 -65.1467,-62.1912 -65.1467,-63.6619 -65.1467,-65.1326 -65.1467,-66.6033 -65.1467,-68.074 -65.1467,-68.074 -64.36653,-68.074 -63.58636,-68.074 -62.80619,-68.074 -62.02602,-68.074 -61.24585,-68.074 -60.46568,-68.074 -59.68551,-68.074 -58.90534,-68.074 -58.12517,-68.074 -57.345))", "dataset_titles": "Major, trace elements contents and radiogenic isotopes of erupted lavas Antarctic Peninsula and Phoenix Ridge", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601519", "doi": "10.15784/601519", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Chemical Composition; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Geochemistry; Isotope Data; Trace Elements", "people": "Saal, Alberto", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Major, trace elements contents and radiogenic isotopes of erupted lavas Antarctic Peninsula and Phoenix Ridge", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601519"}], "date_created": "Tue, 22 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The focus of our research is to examine the regional geochemical variations of well-characterized Pliocene-recent basalt samples along a transect from the Phoenix-Antarctic ridge to James Ross Island (through the South Shetland Islands, Bransfield Strait and the Antarctic Peninsula). The goal is to understand 1) the processes responsible for the generation of chemically diverse basalts in close spatial and temporal proximity within the Antarctic Peninsula and 2) the nature (lithology, composition and temperature) of the heterogeneous mantle source beneath the region.", "east": -53.367, "geometry": "POINT(-60.7205 -61.24585)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctic Peninsula; USA/NSF; USAP-DC; TRACE ELEMENTS; MAJOR ELEMENTS; Amd/Us; LABORATORY; ROCKS/MINERALS/CRYSTALS; Magmatic Volatiles; AMD", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -57.345, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Saal, Alberto", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.1467, "title": "Magmatic Volatiles, Unraveling the Reservoirs and Processes of the Volcanism in the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "p0010196", "west": -68.074}, {"awards": "1744970 Shevenell, Amelia", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((120 -66,120.1 -66,120.2 -66,120.3 -66,120.4 -66,120.5 -66,120.6 -66,120.7 -66,120.8 -66,120.9 -66,121 -66,121 -66.1,121 -66.2,121 -66.3,121 -66.4,121 -66.5,121 -66.6,121 -66.7,121 -66.8,121 -66.9,121 -67,120.9 -67,120.8 -67,120.7 -67,120.6 -67,120.5 -67,120.4 -67,120.3 -67,120.2 -67,120.1 -67,120 -67,120 -66.9,120 -66.8,120 -66.7,120 -66.6,120 -66.5,120 -66.4,120 -66.3,120 -66.2,120 -66.1,120 -66))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Tue, 22 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "At present, Antarctica\u2019s glaciers are melting as the Southern Ocean warms. While glacial retreat in West Antarctica is linked to ocean warming, less is known about the response of East Antarctica\u2019s glaciers. Totten Glacier, located on the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica is presently retreating. Totten\u2019s retreat is important because it is associated with warm ocean waters and because the glacier drains part of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet that contains enough ice to raise global sea levels ~3.5 meters. Mud accumulating on the seafloor around Antarctica is composed of sediment from the adjacent continent, as well as the skeletons and debris from microscopic marine organisms. As mud accumulates, so does a record of past environmental changes, including ocean temperatures and the advance and retreat of glaciers. Scientists use a variety of physical and chemical analyses to determine how long ago this mud was deposited, the temperature of the ocean at that location through time, and the relative location of glacial ice. In this project, researchers from the University of South Florida will refine and test new geochemical thermometers to better understand the influence of ocean temperatures on East Antarctic glacier extent over the last ~16,000 years. Results will be integrated into ice sheet and climate models to improve the accuracy of predictions.", "east": 121.0, "geometry": "POINT(120.5 -66.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "SEDIMENTS; FIELD INVESTIGATION; USA/NSF; USAP-DC; PALEOCLIMATE RECONSTRUCTIONS; Sabrina Coast; AMD; Amd/Us", "locations": "Sabrina Coast", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Shevenell, Amelia", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "Deglacial to Recent Paleoceanography of the Sabrina Coast, East Antarctica: A Multi-proxy Study of Ice-ocean Interactions at the Outlet of the Aurora Subglacial Basin", "uid": "p0010194", "west": 120.0}, {"awards": "1750630 Smith, Craig; 1750903 Ingels, Jeroen; 1750888 Aronson, Richard", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-64 -66,-63.3 -66,-62.6 -66,-61.9 -66,-61.2 -66,-60.5 -66,-59.8 -66,-59.1 -66,-58.4 -66,-57.7 -66,-57 -66,-57 -66.3,-57 -66.6,-57 -66.9,-57 -67.2,-57 -67.5,-57 -67.8,-57 -68.1,-57 -68.4,-57 -68.7,-57 -69,-57.7 -69,-58.4 -69,-59.1 -69,-59.8 -69,-60.5 -69,-61.2 -69,-61.9 -69,-62.6 -69,-63.3 -69,-64 -69,-64 -68.7,-64 -68.4,-64 -68.1,-64 -67.8,-64 -67.5,-64 -67.2,-64 -66.9,-64 -66.6,-64 -66.3,-64 -66))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Mon, 21 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Worldwide publicity surrounding the calving of an iceberg the size of Delaware in July 2017 from the Larsen C Ice Shelf on the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula presents a unique and time-sensitive opportunity for research and education on polar ecosystems in a changing climate. The goal of this project was to convene a workshop, drawing from the large fund of intellectual capital in the US and international Antarctic research communities. The two-day workshop was designed to bring scientists with expertise in Antarctic biological, ecological, and ecosystem sciences to Florida State University to share knowledge, identify important research knowledge gaps, and outline strategic plans for research. Major outcomes from the project were as follows. The international workshop to share and review knowledge concerning the response of Antarctic ecosystems to ice-shelf collapse was held at the Florida State University Coastal and Marine Laboratory (FSUCML) on 18-19 November 2017. Thirty-eight U.S. and international scientists attended the workshop, providing expertise in biological, ecological, geological, biogeographical, and glaciological sciences. Twenty-six additional scientists were either not able to attend or were declined because of having reached maximum capacity of the venue or for not responding to our invitation before the registration deadline. The latest results of ice-shelf research were presented, providing an overview of the current scientific knowledge and understanding of the biological, ecological, geological and cryospheric processes associated with ice-shelf collapse and its ecosystem-level consequences. In addition, several presentations focused on future plans to investigate the impacts of the recent Larsen C collapse. The following presentations were given at the meeting: 1) Cryospheric dynamics and ice-shelf collapse \u2013 past and future (M. Truffer, University of Alaska, Fairbanks) 2) The geological history and geological impacts of ice-shelf collapse on the Antarctic Peninsula (Scottt Ishman, Amy Leventer) 3) Pelagic ecosystem responses to ice-shelf collapse (Mattias Cape, Amy Leventer) 4) Benthic ecosystem response to ice-shelf collapse (Craig Smith, Pavica Sr\u0161en, Ann Vanreusel) 5) Larsen C and biotic homogenization of the benthos (Richard Aronson, James McClintock, Kathryn Smith, Brittany Steffel) 6) British Antarctic Survey: plans for Larsen C investigations early 2018 and in the future (Huw Griffiths) 7) Feedback on the workshop \u201cClimate change impacts on marine ecosystems: implications for management of living resources and conservation\u201d held 19-22 September 2017, Cambridge, UK (Alex Rogers) 8) Past research activities and plans for Larsen field work by the Alfred Wegener Institute, Germany (Charlotte Havermans, Dieter Piepenburg. One of the salient points emerging from the presentations and ensuing discussions was that, given our poor abilities to predict ecological outcomes of ice-shelf collapses, major cross-disciplinary efforts are needed on a variety of spatial and temporal scales to achieve a broader, predictive understanding of ecosystem consequences of climatic warming and ice-shelf failure. As part of the workshop, the FSUCML Polar Academy Team\u2014Dr. Emily Dolan, Dr. Heidi Geisz, Barbara Shoplock, and Dr. Jeroen Ingels\u2014initiated AntICE: \"Antarctic Influences of Climate Change on Ecosystems\" (AntICE). They reached out to various groups of school children in the local area (and continue to do so). The AntICE Team have been interacting with these children at Wakulla High School and Wakulla Elementary in Crawfordville; children from the Cornerstone Learning Community, Maclay Middle School, Gilchrist Elementary, and the School of Arts and Sciences in Tallahassee; and the Tallahassee-area homeschooling community to educate them about Antarctic ecosystems and ongoing climate change. The underlying idea was to make the children aware of climatic changes in the Antarctic and their effect on ecosystems so they, in turn, can spread this knowledge to their communities, family and friends \u2013 acting as \u2018Polar Ambassadors\u2019. We collaborated with the Polar-ICE project, an NSF-funded educational project that established the Polar Literacy Initiative. This program developed the Polar Literacy Principles, which outline essential concepts to improve public understanding of Antarctic and Arctic ecosystems. In the Polar Academy work, we used the Polar Literacy principles, the Polar Academy Team\u2019s own Antarctic scientific efforts, and the experience of the FSU outreach and education program to engage with the children. We focused on the importance of Antarctic organisms and ecosystems, the uniqueness of its biota and the significance of its food webs, as well as how all these are changing and will change further with climate change. Using general presentations, case studies, scientific methodology, individual experiences, interactive discussions and Q\u0026A sessions, the children were guided through the many issues Antarctic ecosystems are facing. Over 300 \u0027\u0027Polar ambassadors\u0027\u0027 attended the interactive lectures and afterwards took their creativity to high latitudes by creating welcome letters, displays, dioramas, sculptures, videos and online media to present at the scientific workshop. Over 50 projects were created by the children (Please see supporting files for images). We were also joined by a photographer, Ryan David Reines, to document the event. More information, media and links to online outreach products are available at https://marinelab.fsu.edu/labs/ingels/outreach/polar-academy/\n\nFurther concrete products of the workshop: 1) a position-paper focusing on ideas, hypotheses and priorities for investigating the ecological impacts of ice-shelf collapse along the Antarctic Peninsula (Ingels et al., 2018; \u201cThe scientific response to Antarctic ice-shelf loss; Nature Climate Change 8, 848-851), and 2) a publication reviewing what is known and unknown about ecological responses to ice-shelf melt and collapse, outlining expected ecological outcomes of ice-shelf disintegration along the Antarctic Peninsula (Ingels et al., 2020; \u201cAntarctic ecosystem responses following ice\u2010shelf collapse and iceberg calving: Science review and future research\u201d, WIREs Climate Change, e682). The second publication was covered in the The Scientist and by a press-release in Germany, see https://www.altmetric.com/details/91826381. Other products included a poster presentation at the MEASO2018 conference in Hobart, Australia in 2018, and the above-mentioned visits to schools and institutes to talk about the research in invited seminars. We also conducted and active online outreach campaign, with dissemination of our work in various news outlets, blogs, and social media (e.g. reaching \u003e750k total followers on twitter with the publications alone).\u0027", "east": -57.0, "geometry": "POINT(-60.5 -67.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "MARINE ECOSYSTEMS; USAP-DC; LABORATORY; AMD; Weddell Sea; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; ECOLOGICAL DYNAMICS; USA/NSF; SEA ICE; Amd/Us; Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica; Weddell Sea", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Ingels, Jeroen; Aronson, Richard; Smith, Craig", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: RAPID/Workshop - Antarctic Ecosystem Research following Ice Shelf Collapse and Iceberg Calving Events", "uid": "p0010189", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "1848887 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(-64.0527 -64.77423)", "dataset_titles": "2020 and 2023 Underwater video transect community analysis data; 2020 daily seawater carbonate chemistry; 2023 daily seawater carbonate chemistry; Amphipod counts from 2020 ocean acidification experiment; Feeding of Gondogeneia antarctica maintained under ambient and low pH treatments; Palatability of Desmarestia menziesii extracts from ambient and low pH treatments; Palatability of Palmaria decipiens thallus from ambient and low pH treatments; Underwater transect videos used for 2020 and 2023 community analyses", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601702", "doi": "10.15784/601702", "keywords": "Antarctica; Palmer Station", "people": "Amsler, Charles", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Amphipod counts from 2020 ocean acidification experiment", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601702"}, {"dataset_uid": "601700", "doi": "10.15784/601700", "keywords": "Antarctica; Palmer Station", "people": "Amsler, Charles", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "2020 daily seawater carbonate chemistry", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601700"}, {"dataset_uid": "601701", "doi": "10.15784/601701", "keywords": "Antarctica; Palmer Station", "people": "Amsler, Charles", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "2023 daily seawater carbonate chemistry", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601701"}, {"dataset_uid": "601787", "doi": "10.15784/601787", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Cryosphere; Species Abundance; Video Transects", "people": "Amsler, Charles", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "2020 and 2023 Underwater video transect community analysis data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601787"}, {"dataset_uid": "601792", "doi": "10.15784/601792", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Palmer Station", "people": "Amsler, Charles", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Palatability of Palmaria decipiens thallus from ambient and low pH treatments", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601792"}, {"dataset_uid": "601793", "doi": "10.15784/601793", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Palmer Station", "people": "Amsler, Charles", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Feeding of Gondogeneia antarctica maintained under ambient and low pH treatments", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601793"}, {"dataset_uid": "601796", "doi": "10.15784/601796", "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Cryosphere; Oceans; Southern Ocean; Video Transects", "people": "Amsler, Charles", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Underwater transect videos used for 2020 and 2023 community analyses", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601796"}, {"dataset_uid": "601791", "doi": "10.15784/601791", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Palmer Station", "people": "Amsler, Charles", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Palatability of Desmarestia menziesii extracts from ambient and low pH treatments", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601791"}], "date_created": "Mon, 21 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Undersea forests of seaweeds dominate the shallow waters of the central and northern coast of the western Antarctic Peninsula and provide critical structural habitat and carbon resources (food) for a host of marine organisms. Most of the seaweeds are chemically defended against herbivores yet support very high densities of herbivorous shrimp-like grazers (crustaceans, primarily amphipods) which greatly benefit their hosts by consuming filamentous and microscopic algae that otherwise overgrow the seaweeds. The amphipods benefit from the association with the chemically defended seaweeds by gaining an associational refuge from fish predation. The project builds on recent work that has demonstrated that several species of amphipods that are key members of crustacean assemblages associated with the seaweeds suffer significant mortality when chronically exposed to increased seawater acidity (reduced pH) and elevated temperatures representative of near-future oceans. By simulating these environmental conditions in the laboratory at Palmer Station, Antarctica, the investigators will test the overall hypothesis that ocean acidification will play a significant role in structuring crustacean assemblages associated with seaweeds. Broader impacts include expanding fundamental knowledge of the impacts of global climate change by focusing on a geographic region of the earth uniquely susceptible to climate change. This project will also further the NSF goals of training new generations of scientists and of making scientific discoveries available to the general public. This includes training graduate students and early career scientists with an emphasis on diversity, presentations to K-12 groups and the general public, and a variety of social media-based outreach programs.\r\n\r\nThe project will compare population and assemblage-wide impacts of natural (ambient) and carbon dioxide enriched seawater on assemblages of seaweed-associated crustacean grazers. Based on prior results, it is likely that some species will be relative \"winners\" and some will be relative \"losers\" under the changed conditions. The project will then aim to carry out measurements of growth, calcification, mineralogy, the incidence of molts, and biochemical and energetic body composition for two key amphipod \"winners\" and two key amphipod \"losers\". These measurements will allow an assessment of what factors drive species-specific enhanced or diminished performance under conditions of ocean acidification and sea surface warming. The project will expand on what little is known about prospective impacts of changing conditions on benthic marine Crustacea, in Antarctica, a taxonomic group that faces the additional physiological stressor of molting. The project is likely to provide additional insight on the indirect regulation of the seaweeds that comprise Antarctic undersea forests that provide key architectural components of the coastal marine ecosystem.", "east": -64.0527, "geometry": "POINT(-64.0527 -64.77423)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USA/NSF; Amd/Us; AMD; COASTAL; BENTHIC; USAP-DC; Palmer Station; ANIMALS/INVERTEBRATES; FIELD INVESTIGATION; MACROALGAE (SEAWEEDS)", "locations": "Palmer Station", "north": -64.77423, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Amsler, Charles; McClintock, James", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.77423, "title": "Assemblage-wide effects of ocean acidification and ocean warming on ecologically important macroalgal-associated crustaceans in Antarctica", "uid": "p0010193", "west": -64.0527}, {"awards": "2042495 Blackburn, Terrence; 2045611 Rasbury, Emma", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Subglacial precipitates record Antarctic ice sheet response to Southern Ocean warming ; U-series Geochronology, Isotope, and Elemental Geochemistry of a Subglacial Precipitate that Formed Across Termination III; U-Th isotopes and major elements in sediments from Taylor Valley, Antarctica", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601800", "doi": "10.15784/601800", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere", "people": "Gagliardi, Jessica", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Subglacial precipitates record Antarctic ice sheet response to Southern Ocean warming ", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601800"}, {"dataset_uid": "601781", "doi": "10.15784/601781", "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon; Carbon Isotopes; Cryosphere; East Antarctica; Elephant Moraine; Geochronology; Isotope Data; Opal; Oxygen Isotope; Sr; Subglacial; U", "people": "Piccione, Gavin", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "U-series Geochronology, Isotope, and Elemental Geochemistry of a Subglacial Precipitate that Formed Across Termination III", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601781"}, {"dataset_uid": "601806", "doi": "10.15784/601806", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Erosion; Isotope Data; Major Elements; Soil; Taylor Glacier; Taylor Valley", "people": "Edwards, Graham; Piccione, Gavin; Blackburn, Terrence; Tulaczyk, Slawek", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "U-Th isotopes and major elements in sediments from Taylor Valley, Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601806"}], "date_created": "Fri, 18 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Efforts to improve sea level forecasting on a warming planet have focused on determining the temperature, sea level and extent of polar ice sheets during Earth\u2019s past warm periods. Large uncertainties, however, in reconstructions of past and future sea levels, result from the poorly constrained climate sensitivity of the Antarctic Ice sheet (AIS). This research project aims to develop the use of subglacial precipitates as an archive the Antarctic ice sheet (AIS) past response to climate change. The subglacial precipitates from East Antarctica form in water bodies beneath Antarctic ice and in doing so provide an entirely new and unique measure of how the AIS responds to climate change. In preliminary examination of these precipitates, we identified multiple samples consisting of cyclic opal and calcite that spans hundreds of thousands of years in duration. Our preliminary geochemical characterization of these samples indicates that the observed mineralogic changes result from a cyclic change in subglacial water compositions between isotopically and chemically distinct waters. Opal-forming waters are reduced (Ce* \u003c1 and high Fe/Mn) and exhibit elevated 234U/238U compositions similar to the saline groundwater brines found at the periphery of the AIS. Calcite-forming waters, are rather, oxidized and exhibit \u03b418O compositions consistent with derivation from the depleted polar plateau (\u003c -50 \u2030). 234U-230Th dates permit construction of a robust timeseries describing these mineralogic and compositional changes through time. Comparisons of these time series with other Antarctic climate records (e.g., ice core records) reveal that calcite forming events align with millennial scale changes in local temperature or \u201cAntarctic isotopic maximums\u201d, which represent Southern Hemisphere warm periods during low Atlantic Meridional overturning circulation. Ultimately, this project seeks to develo