USAP-DC

The South Pole Telescope Operations and Data Products award supports the maintenance and operation of the 10-meter South Pole Tele- scope (SPT) equipped with the current third-generation instrument, SPT-3G. The proposed operations plan includes five years of survey observations to obtain ultra-deep measurements of a 1500 square degree field with SPT-3G, as well as the production and public archiving of essential data products from the survey. The data products from SPT-3G as well as the previous SPTpol survey will be released to the public at regular and timely intervals over the project period. The operations also support SPT’s critical role in the Event Horizon Telescope (EHT), a global array of telescopes to image the event horizon around the black hole at the center of our Galaxy. The SPT-3G instrument, first deployed in the 2016-17 Austral summer, is a major upgrade in capabilities over previous generations of SPT cameras, with over 16,000 detectors configured for polarization-sensitive observations in three frequency bands. The SPT-3G maps of the temperature, polarization, and lensing potential of the CMB will have an unprecedented combination of depth, resolution and sky coverage (1500 square degrees). This unique data set will enable broad and impactful science, from sensitive constraints on inflationary models to the formation and evolution of galaxies. Working in collaboration with the BICEP/Keck team, we will use the high-resolution SPT-3G data to remove the gravitational lensing signal from BICEP Array maps to enable a deep search for primordial gravitational waves (PGW). The full SPT-3G data set funded by this proposal will allow delensing of BICEP Array data that could improve constraints on PGW by more than a factor of two. The SPT-3G temperature and polarization power spectrum measurements will play a central role in probing the nature of current tensions among cosmological parameter estimations from different data sets and determining if their explanation requires physics beyond the standard cosmological model (LCDM). One of the most well-motivated extensions to LCDM in light of these tensions is the existence of new light particles in the early Universe: SPT-3G will improve sensitivity to such particles by at least a factor of two over current CMB experiments. SPT-3G data will be used to constrain the properties of dark energy from its effect on the growth of structure through both CMB lensing and the abundance of galaxy clusters. These two observables will also be used to place nearly independent constraints on the sum of the neutrino masses. The unique catalogs of high-redshift galaxy clusters and early star-forming galaxies produced by SPT-3G will be used to understand cluster formation and trace massive galaxy evolution from the epoch of reionization to the peak of star formation. Public data products will include temperature and polarization maps in all three SPT-3G frequency bands, CMB angular power spectra, gravitational lensing maps and power spectra, a catalog of distant massive galaxy clusters, and catalogs of mm-wave-bright galaxies. This project is designed to provide calibrated, uniform, and publicly archived data products that will enable scientific breakthroughs in multiple areas. The public SPT data products will impact the larger community by enabling a broad range of studies that address some of the most compelling questions in cosmology and astrophysics. The sharing of the spirit of scientific inquiry will be extended beyond the research community through a well-established education network at all levels of the education continuum, from early childhood through graduate school. Summer Schools on CMB Instrumentation will be taught by the Co-I’s and senior personnel on this proposal. For our proposed First Discoveries program, we will partner with The University of Chicago’s Neighborhood Schools Program to work with students and teachers in less-advantaged classrooms to foster scientific reasoning through inquiry-based learning.

Person	Role
Carlstrom, John	Investigator and contact
Holzapfel, William	Co-Investigator
Benson, Bradford	Co-Investigator

Antarctic Astrophysics and Geospace Sciences	Award # 1852617
Antarctic Science and Technology	Award # 1852617
Polar Special Initiatives	Award # 1852617

USAP-1852617_1

None in the Database

1. Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Amiri, M., Anderson, A. J., Austermann, J. E., Avva, J. S., … Bender, A. N. (2021). A demonstration of improved constraints on primordial gravitational waves with delensing. Physical Review D, 103(2). (doi:10.1103/physrevd.103.022004)
2. Singh, S., et al., "The Cold Dust Content of the Nearby Galaxies IC 5325, NGC 7496, NGC 7590, and NGC 7599," MNRAS.tmp (2021). (doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1048)
3. Rotermund, K. M., et al., "Optical and near-infrared observations of the SPT2349-56 proto-cluster core at z = 4.3," MNRAS 502 (2021) 1797. (doi:10.1093/mnras/stab103)
4. Reichardt, C. L., et al., "An Improved Measurement of the Secondary Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies from the SPT-SZ + SPTpol Surveys," ApJ 908 (2021) 199. (doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abd407 )
5. BICEP/Keck Collaboration, SPTpol Collaboration, et al., "A demonstration of improved constraints on primordial gravitational waves with delensing," PhRvD 103 (2021) 022004. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.103.022004 )
6. Bianchini, F., et al., "Searching for anisotropic cosmic birefringence with polarization data from SPTpol," PhRvD 102 (2020) 083504. (doi:10.1103/PhysRevD.102.083504 )
7. Reuter, C., et al., "The Complete Redshift Distribution of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies from the SPT-SZ Survey," ApJ 902 (2020) 78. (doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb599 )
8. Dutcher, D., Balkenhol, L., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderes, E., Anderson, A. J., … Barry, P. S. (2021). Measurements of the E-mode polarization and temperature- E-mode correlation of the CMB from SPT-3G 2018 data. Physical Review D, 104(2). (doi:10.1103/physrevd.104.022003)
9. Bianchini, F., Wu, W. L. K., Ade, P. A. R., Anderson, A. J., Austermann, J. E., Avva, J. S., … Bender, A. N. (2020). Searching for anisotropic cosmic birefringence with polarization data from SPTpol. Physical Review D, 102(8). (doi:10.1103/physrevd.102.083504)
10. Galli, S., Wu, W. L. K., Benabed, K., Bouchet, F., Crawford, T. M., & Hivon, E. (2021). Breaking the degeneracy between polarization efficiency and cosmological parameters in CMB experiments. Physical Review D, 104(2). (doi:10.1103/physrevd.104.023518)
11. Huang, N., Bleem, L. E., Stalder, B., Ade, P. A. R., Allen, S. W., Anderson, A. J., … Bender, A. N. (2020). Galaxy Clusters Selected via the Sunyaev–Zel’dovich Effect in the SPTpol 100-square-degree Survey. The Astronomical Journal, 159(3), 110. (doi:10.3847/1538-3881/ab6a96)
12. Guns, S., Foster, A., Daley, C., Rahlin, A., Whitehorn, N., Ade, P. A. R., … Archipley, M. (2021). Detection of Galactic and Extragalactic Millimeter-wavelength Transient Sources with SPT-3G. The Astrophysical Journal, 916(2), 98. (doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac06a3)
13. Reuter, C., Vieira, J. D., Spilker, J. S., Weiss, A., Aravena, M., Archipley, M., … Strandet, M. L. (2020). The Complete Redshift Distribution of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies from the SPT-SZ Survey. The Astrophysical Journal, 902(1), 78. (doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abb599)
14. Reichardt, C. L., Patil, S., Ade, P. A. R., Anderson, A. J., Austermann, J. E., Avva, J. S., … Benson, B. A. (2021). An Improved Measurement of the Secondary Cosmic Microwave Background Anisotropies from the SPT-SZ + SPTpol Surveys. The Astrophysical Journal, 908(2), 199. (doi:10.3847/1538-4357/abd407)
15. Millea, M., Daley, C. M., Chou, T.-L., Anderes, E., Ade, P. A. R., Anderson, A. J., … Bender, A. N. (2021). Optimal Cosmic Microwave Background Lensing Reconstruction and Parameter Estimation with SPTpol Data. The Astrophysical Journal, 922(2), 259. (doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ac02bb)
16. Thorne, B., Knox, L., & Prabhu, K. (2021). A generative model of galactic dust emission using variational autoencoders. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 504(2), 2603–2613. (doi:10.1093/mnras/stab1011)
17. Mantz, A. B., Morris, R. G., Allen, S. W., Canning, R. E. A., Baumont, L., Benson, B., … Wright, A. (2021). Cosmological constraints from gas mass fractions of massive, relaxed galaxy clusters. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, 510(1), 131–145. (doi:10.1093/mnras/stab3390)
18. Balkenhol, L., Dutcher, D., Ade, P. A. R., Ahmed, Z., Anderes, E., Anderson, A. J., … Barry, P. S. (2021). Constraints on ΛCDM extensions from the SPT-3G 2018 EE and TE power spectra. Physical Review D, 104(8). (doi:10.1103/physrevd.104.083509)
19. Dibert, K., Barry, P., Pan, Z., Anderson, A., Benson, B., Chang, C., Karkare, K., Li, J., Natoli, T., Rouble, M., Shirokoff, E., & Stark, A. (2022). Development of MKIDs for Measurement of the Cosmic Microwave Background with the South Pole Telescope. Journal of Low Temperature Physics. (doi:10.1007/s10909-022-02750-8)