USAP-DC

Modeling fluctuations in the extent of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) over time is a principal goal of the glaciological community. These models will provide a critical basis for predictions of future sea level change, and therefore this work great societal relevance. The mid-Pliocene time interval is of particular interest, as it is the most recent period in which global temperatures were warmer and atmospheric CO2 concentrations may have been higher than current levels. However, observational constraints on fluctuations in the WAIS older than the last glacial maximum are rare. To test model predictions,sub-glacial rock cores were obtained from the Ohio Range along the Transantarctic Mountains near the present-day WAIS divide using a Winkie drill. Rock cores were recovered from 10 to ~30 m under the present-day ice levels. At the Ohio Range, the glacial to interglacial variations in ice sheet levels is ~120 meters. So 30 meters represent a significant fraction of the variation over the course of an ice age. High concentrations of the cosmic ray produced isotopes were detected in the rock cores, indicating extensive periods of ice-free exposure to cosmic irradiation during the last 2 million years. Modeling of the data suggest that bedrock surfaces at the Ohio Range that are currently covered by 30 meters of ice experienced more exposure than ice cover, especially in the Pleistocene. An ice sheet model prediction for the Ohio Range subglacial sample sites however, significantly underestimates exposure in the last 2 million years, and over-predicts ice cover in the Pleistocene. To adjust for the higher amounts of exposure we observe in our samples, the ice sheet model simulations require more frequent and/or longer-lasting WAIS ice drawdowns. This has important implications for future sea-level change as the model maybe under-predicting the magnitude of sea-level contributions from WAIS during the ice-age cycles. Improving the accuracy of the ice sheet models through model-data comparison should remain a prime objective in the face of a warming planet as understanding WAIS behavior is going to be key for predicting and planning for the effects of sea-level change. The project helped support and train a graduate student in climate research related to Antarctica, cosmogenic nuclide analyses and led to a Master’s Thesis. The project also provide partial support to a postdoctoral scholar obtaining cosmogenic neon measurements and for training and mentoring the graduate student's cosmogenic neon measurements and interpretation. The project results were communicated to the scientific community at conferences and through seminars. The broader community was engaged through the University of California Davis's Picnic Day celebration, an annual open house that attracts over 70,000 people to the campus, and through classroom visit at a local elementary school.

Person	Role
Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy	Investigator and contact

Antarctic Earth Sciences

Award # 1341658

USAP-1341658_1

Deployment	Type
G-438-M	field camp

None in the Database

Repository	Title (link)	Format(s)	Status
USAP-DC	Ohio Range Subglacial rock core cosmogenic nuclide data	None	exists

1. Zaachary Marson Subglacial Cosmogenic Exposure Constraints On The History Of The West Antarctic Ice Sheet. MS Thesis, University of California Davis, 2018. ISBN : 9780438630161
2. Braddock, S., Venturelli, R. A., Nichols, K., Moravec, E., Boeckmann, G. V., Campbell, S., Balco, G., Ackert, R., Small, D., Johnson, J. S., Dunbar, N., Woodward, J., Mukhopadhyay, S., & Goehring, B. (2024). Lessons learned from shallow subglacial bedrock drilling campaigns in Antarctica. Annals of Glaciology, 1–35. (doi:10.1017/aog.2024.12)