[{"awards": "2044924 Barrett, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161.70776367188 -77.519802097166,161.899475097661 -77.519802097166,162.091186523442 -77.519802097166,162.282897949223 -77.519802097166,162.474609375004 -77.519802097166,162.666320800785 -77.519802097166,162.858032226566 -77.519802097166,163.049743652347 -77.519802097166,163.241455078128 -77.519802097166,163.433166503909 -77.519802097166,163.62487792969 -77.519802097166,163.62487792969 -77.54867059480199,163.62487792969 -77.57753909243799,163.62487792969 -77.606407590074,163.62487792969 -77.63527608771,163.62487792969 -77.664144585346,163.62487792969 -77.69301308298199,163.62487792969 -77.72188158061799,163.62487792969 -77.750750078254,163.62487792969 -77.77961857589,163.62487792969 -77.808487073526,163.433166503909 -77.808487073526,163.241455078128 -77.808487073526,163.049743652347 -77.808487073526,162.858032226566 -77.808487073526,162.666320800785 -77.808487073526,162.474609375004 -77.808487073526,162.282897949223 -77.808487073526,162.091186523442 -77.808487073526,161.899475097661 -77.808487073526,161.70776367188 -77.808487073526,161.70776367188 -77.77961857589,161.70776367188 -77.750750078254,161.70776367188 -77.72188158061799,161.70776367188 -77.69301308298199,161.70776367188 -77.664144585346,161.70776367188 -77.63527608771,161.70776367188 -77.606407590074,161.70776367188 -77.57753909243799,161.70776367188 -77.54867059480199,161.70776367188 -77.519802097166))"], "date_created": "Wed, 03 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Microbial communities are the primary drivers of carbon cycling in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Dense microbial mats, consisting mainly of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, occupy aquatic areas associated with streams and lakes. Other microbial communities also occur at lower densities as patchy surface biological soil crusts (biocrusts) across the terrestrial landscape. Multispectral satellite data have been used to model microbial mat abundance in high-density areas like stream and lake margins, but no previous studies had investigated the lower detection limits of biocrusts. Here, we describe remote sensing and field-based survey and sampling approaches to study the detectability and distribution of biocrusts in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Using a combination of multi- and hyperspectral tools and spectral linear unmixing, we modeled the abundances of biocrust in eastern Taylor Valley. Our spectral approaches can detect low masses of biocrust material in laboratory microcosms down to biocrust concentrations of 1% by mass. These techniques also distinguish the spectra of biocrust from both surface rock and mineral signatures from orbit. We found that biocrusts are present throughout the soils of eastern Taylor Valley and are associated with diverse underlying soil communities. The densest biocrust communities identified in this study had total organic carbon 5x greater than the content of typical arid soils. The most productive biocrusts were located downslope of melting snowpacks in unique soil ecosystems that are distinct from the surrounding arid landscape. There are similarities between the snowpack and stream sediment communities (high diversity of soil invertebrates) as well as their ecosystem properties (e.g., persistence of liquid water, high transfer of available nutrients, lower salinity from flushing) compared to the typical arid terrestrial ecosystem of the dry valleys. Our approach extends the capability of orbital remote sensing of photosynthetic communities out of the aquatic margins and into the drier soils which comprise most of this landscape. This interdisciplinary work is critical for measuring and monitoring terrestrial carbon stocks and predicting future ecosystem dynamics in this currently water-limited but increasingly dynamic Antarctic landscape, which is particularly climate-sensitive and difficult to access.\r\n", "east": 163.62487792969, "geometry": ["POINT(162.666320800785 -77.664144585346)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon; Cryosphere; Mcmurdo Dry Valleys; Snow", "locations": "Mcmurdo Dry Valleys; Antarctica", "north": -77.519802097166, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Barrett, John", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -77.808487073526, "title": "Hyperspectral reflectance values and biophysicochemical properties of biocrusts and soils in the Fryxell Basin, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica", "uid": "601773", "west": 161.70776367188}, {"awards": "1443677 Padman, Laurence; 9896041 Padman, Laurence", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -40.231,-144 -40.231,-108 -40.231,-72 -40.231,-36 -40.231,0 -40.231,36 -40.231,72 -40.231,108 -40.231,144 -40.231,180 -40.231,180 -45.2079,180 -50.1848,180 -55.161699999999996,180 -60.1386,180 -65.1155,180 -70.0924,180 -75.0693,180 -80.0462,180 -85.0231,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -85.0231,-180 -80.0462,-180 -75.0693,-180 -70.0924,-180 -65.1155,-180 -60.138600000000004,-180 -55.1617,-180 -50.1848,-180 -45.2079,-180 -40.231))"], "date_created": "Wed, 27 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "CATS2008_v2023 is an update of the original CATS2008 tide model (Howard et al., 2019 [https://doi.org/10.15784/601235]; Padman et al., 2002 [https://doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817752]). It introduces a new model file format, increased resolution, more accurate coastlines, and a simple scaling for ice shelf flexure near grounding lines. The changes included in the new CATS2008_v2023 model are: (1) The CATS2008 model has been interpolated to a finer grid (2 km for CATS2008_v2023 vs 4 km for CATS2008) to provide a better representation of coastlines and ice shelf grounding lines. (2) Coastlines have been adjusted to match BedMachine Antarctica v3 (Morlighem et al., 2020 [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0510-8]; Morlighem, 2022 [https://doi.org/10.5067/FPSU0V1MWUB6]). Areas that were previously grounded and had no tidal constituent data in CATS2008 have been filled using MATLAB\u0027s \u2018regionfill\u2019 function, applied to the real and imaginary components of tidal constituents individually. An ocean mask matching BedMachine Antarctica v3 is provided in the model file to mask out grounded areas. (3) Water depth (water column thickness under ice shelves) has been adjusted to match BedMachine Antarctica v3. (4) An ice shelf flexure model has been included for estimating tidal deflections in grounding zones. Flexure is approximated by a forward 1D linear elastic model applied to BedMachine Antarctica v3 ice geometry, with elastic modulus E=4.8 GPa and Poisson\u0027s ratio nu=0.4. The ice flexure can be included as an option when using TMD3.0 (Greene et al., 2024 [https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.06018]) and pyTMD (Sutterley, 2024 [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10501349]) software packages. (5) The model is provided as a consolidated NetCDF file that can be used with TMD3.0 and pyTMD, but not with earlier TMD versions. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Inverse Modeling; Model Data; Ocean Currents; Oceans; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Tide Model; Tides", "locations": "Antarctica; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -40.231, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Howard, Susan L.; Greene, Chad A.; Padman, Laurence; Erofeeva, Svetlana; Sutterley, Tyler", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE); Ocean Tides around Antarctica and in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010116", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ocean Tides around Antarctica and in the Southern Ocean"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010035", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "CATS2008_v2023: Circum-Antarctic Tidal Simulation 2008, version 2023", "uid": "601772", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1841467 MacAyeal, Douglas; 1841607 Banwell, Alison", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-68.28 -71.1,-68.202 -71.1,-68.124 -71.1,-68.046 -71.1,-67.968 -71.1,-67.89 -71.1,-67.812 -71.1,-67.734 -71.1,-67.656 -71.1,-67.578 -71.1,-67.5 -71.1,-67.5 -71.14999999999999,-67.5 -71.19999999999999,-67.5 -71.25,-67.5 -71.3,-67.5 -71.35,-67.5 -71.39999999999999,-67.5 -71.44999999999999,-67.5 -71.5,-67.5 -71.55,-67.5 -71.6,-67.578 -71.6,-67.656 -71.6,-67.734 -71.6,-67.812 -71.6,-67.89 -71.6,-67.968 -71.6,-68.046 -71.6,-68.124 -71.6,-68.202 -71.6,-68.28 -71.6,-68.28 -71.55,-68.28 -71.5,-68.28 -71.44999999999999,-68.28 -71.39999999999999,-68.28 -71.35,-68.28 -71.3,-68.28 -71.25,-68.28 -71.19999999999999,-68.28 -71.14999999999999,-68.28 -71.1))"], "date_created": "Wed, 20 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains all of the field data (GNSS, weather station data, timelapse camera images) used in the publication \u0027Banwell et al., 2024\u0027, which documents observations of surface meltwater-induced flexure and fracture at a doline on north George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula. ", "east": -67.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-67.89 -71.35)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; AWS; Cryosphere; GNSS; GPS Data; Ice-Shelf Flexure; Ice Shelf Fracture; Ice-Shelf Melt; Timelaps Images", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -71.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Banwell, Alison; Willis, Ian; Stevens, Laura; Dell, Rebecca; MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "NSFGEO-NERC: Ice-shelf Instability Caused by Active Surface Meltwater Production, Movement, Ponding and Hydrofracture", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010449", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Ice-shelf Instability Caused by Active Surface Meltwater Production, Movement, Ponding and Hydrofracture"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -71.6, "title": "Dataset for: Banwell et al. 2024, \u0027Observed meltwater-induced flexure and fracture at a doline on George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctica\u0027, Journal of Glaciology.", "uid": "601771", "west": -68.28}, {"awards": "1745057 Walker, Sally; 1745064 Perez-Huerta, Alberto; 1745080 Gillikin, David; 0739512 Walker, Sally", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Mon, 05 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Adamussium colbecki is a large thin-shelled scallop common in Antarctic waters and well represented in the fossil record. Shell nitrogen isotopes in carbonate bound organic matter (d15NCBOM) have the potential to record sea ice state over time. Recent studies illustrated that d15NCBOM values provide a similar proxy as soft tissue d15N values which are in turn are predicably related to food d15N values (Gillikin et al., 2017, GCA, 200, 55\u201366, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2016.12.008). Sea-ice organic N should have higher d15N values compared to open water organics due to nitrate draw down in the ice (Fripiat et al., 2014, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 28, 115\u2013130, doi:10.1002/2013GB004729). To test this hypothesis we analyzed A. colbecki shells from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails, western McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. These sites have different sea ice states: persistent (multiannual) sea ice at Explorers Cove and annual sea ice (that melts out every year) at Bay of Sails. Six adults shells collected at these sites in 2008 (3 from each site) and two juveniles collected in 2016 from Explorers Cove were be serially sampled for d15NCBOM values from the growing shell margin to the umbo. d15NCBOM values from Explorers Cove with persistent sea ice cover were consistently higher (+10 \u00b1 0.7 \u2030) than those from Bay of Sails where the sea ice melts out every year (+8 \u00b1 0.5 \u2030; t-test p\u003c0.0001). d15NCBOM data from Mid- to Late Holocene shells that grew in these locations will also be presented. We posit that nitrogen isotopes in A. colbecki shells have a high potential to record sea ice cover.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Adamussium Colbecki; Antarctica; Biota; Carbon Isotopes; Explorers Cove; Nitrogen Isotopes; Oxygen Isotope; Scallop", "locations": "Explorers Cove; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Gillikin, David; Puhalski, Emma; Camarra, Steve; Cronin, Kelly; Verheyden, Anouk; Walker, Sally", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores; Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010238", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000203", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen isotopes in the shell of the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki as a proxy for sea ice cover in Antarctica.", "uid": "601764", "west": null}, {"awards": "2032463 Talghader, Joseph; 2032473 Kurbatov, Andrei", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Thu, 30 Nov 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes visible-light and thermal imaging video of tap-water ice being cut with millisecond-range pulses of 1070 nm laser light, as well as stable isotope and chemical (commonly-used ion species) composition data of ice samples frozen from Fiji bottled water and South Pole 1980 meltwater. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Sampling", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Facilities; Antarctic Instrumentation and Facilities", "persons": "Mah, Merlin; Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Talghader, Joseph", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Laser Cutting Technology for Borehole Sampling", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010218", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Laser Cutting Technology for Borehole Sampling"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Visual, thermal, chemical, and stable isotope effects of near-infrared laser cutting on freezer ice", "uid": "601753", "west": null}, {"awards": "2023303 Purkey, Sarah", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 31 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "A global CFC Data product is derived used the Time-Corrected Method (TCM) in order to estimate CFCs and SF6 ocean concentration back to 1940. The Green\u0027s functions (GFs), describing the steady-state transport from the surface to the ocean interior, is solved, constrained by observations. From the GFs, we reconstruct global tracer concentrations (and associated uncertainties) in the ocean interior at annual resolution (1940\u20132021). The spatial resolution includes 50 neutral density levels that span the water column along World Ocean Circulation Experiment/Global Ocean Ship-Based Hydrographic Investigations Program lines. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CFCs; GLODAP; Ocean Model; Ocean Ventilation; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Cimoli, Laura; Purkey, Sarah; Gebbie, Jack", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current: A Conduit or Blender of Antarctic Bottom Waters?", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010220", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current: A Conduit or Blender of Antarctic Bottom Waters?"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Ocean CFC reconstructed data product", "uid": "601752", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2035580 Aarons, Sarah", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(159.31 -76.7)"], "date_created": "Thu, 26 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of ice from ALHIC1903 spanning the transition from MIS 6 through 5e.", "east": 159.31, "geometry": ["POINT(159.31 -76.7)"], "keywords": "ALHIC1903; Allan Hills; Antarctica; Deuterium; Glaciology; Hydrogen; Ice; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Records; Isotope; Oxygen; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Water", "locations": "Allan Hills; Antarctica", "north": -76.7, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Carter, Austin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Peripheral East Antarctic ice as a unique recorder of climate variability during the Last Interglacial", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010270", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Peripheral East Antarctic ice as a unique recorder of climate variability during the Last Interglacial"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.7, "title": "Oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of ice from ALHIC1903 drilled at the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area.", "uid": "601751", "west": 159.31}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-156 -82.5,-155.9 -82.5,-155.8 -82.5,-155.7 -82.5,-155.6 -82.5,-155.5 -82.5,-155.4 -82.5,-155.3 -82.5,-155.2 -82.5,-155.1 -82.5,-155 -82.5,-155 -82.53,-155 -82.56,-155 -82.59,-155 -82.62,-155 -82.65,-155 -82.67999999999999,-155 -82.71,-155 -82.74,-155 -82.77,-155 -82.8,-155.1 -82.8,-155.2 -82.8,-155.3 -82.8,-155.4 -82.8,-155.5 -82.8,-155.6 -82.8,-155.7 -82.8,-155.8 -82.8,-155.9 -82.8,-156 -82.8,-156 -82.77,-156 -82.74,-156 -82.71,-156 -82.67999999999999,-156 -82.65,-156 -82.62,-156 -82.59,-156 -82.56,-156 -82.53,-156 -82.5))"], "date_created": "Tue, 12 Sep 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Contained in this folder are the raw and processed data files for data collected with the underwater robot Icefin in the ocean cavity beneath Ross Ice Shelf, near the grounding line of Kamb Ice Stream. Most of these data are located within a basal crevasse. They were collected in December 2019 as part of the Aotearoa New Zealand Antarctic Science Platform and Victoria University of Wellington Hot Water Drilling initiative, and the NASA RISEUP grant (NNX16AL07G, PI B. E. Schmidt). The code that converted raw data files to processed can be found at https://zenodo.org/record/8338529. Direct questions to Peter Washam at pwasham@cornell.edu.", "east": -155.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-155.5 -82.65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Basal Crevassing; Basal Freezing; Basal Melting; Ice Shelf; Kamb Ice Stream; Oceanography", "locations": "Kamb Ice Stream; Antarctica", "north": -82.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Washam, Peter", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -82.8, "title": "Direct observations of melting, freezing, and ocean circulation in an ice shelf basal crevasse", "uid": "601733", "west": -156.0}, {"awards": "2139002 Huth, Alexander", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-67 -66,-66.3 -66,-65.6 -66,-64.9 -66,-64.2 -66,-63.5 -66,-62.8 -66,-62.1 -66,-61.4 -66,-60.7 -66,-60 -66,-60 -66.4,-60 -66.8,-60 -67.2,-60 -67.6,-60 -68,-60 -68.4,-60 -68.8,-60 -69.2,-60 -69.6,-60 -70,-60.7 -70,-61.4 -70,-62.1 -70,-62.8 -70,-63.5 -70,-64.2 -70,-64.9 -70,-65.6 -70,-66.3 -70,-67 -70,-67 -69.6,-67 -69.2,-67 -68.8,-67 -68.4,-67 -68,-67 -67.6,-67 -67.2,-67 -66.8,-67 -66.4,-67 -66))"], "date_created": "Thu, 24 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains a model (Elmer/Ice Fortran modules) to simulate rifting on ice shelves. The model combines the vertically integrated momentum balance and anisotropic continuum damage mechanics formulations. Additionally, it accounts for rift-flank boundary processes, including pressure on rift-flank walls from seawater, contact between flanks, and ice m\u00e9lange that may also transmit stress between flanks.\r\n\r\nThis dataset also contains the input data (Elmer restart files), input files (Elmer .sifs), and Slurm batch scripts to run five experiments. All experiments aim to simulate the final two years of rift propagation that led to the calving of tabular iceberg A68 from Larsen C ice shelf in 2017. However, each experiment differs in its treatment of rift-flank boundary processes, which affects the rift path.\r\n\r\nFor more information, see the associated publication (Huth et al., 2023).", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-63.5 -68)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Iceberg; Ice Shelf Dynamics; Larsen C Ice Shelf; Model Data; Modeling", "locations": "Larsen C Ice Shelf; Antarctica", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Post Doc/Travel", "persons": "Huth, Alexander", "project_titles": "OPP-PRF Calving, Icebergs, and Climate", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010276", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "OPP-PRF Calving, Icebergs, and Climate"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "Simulations of ice-shelf rifting on Larsen C Ice Shelf", "uid": "601718", "west": -67.0}, {"awards": "1847173 Duddu, Ravindra", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 04 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains the ABAQUS input files for simulating floating ice shelves with constant density assuming linear elastic rheology or elasto-visco-plastic rheology and ABAQUS user-defined elements subroutine for water-filled cohesive zone elements.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Gao, Yuxiang; Ghosh, Gourab; Jimenez, Stephen; Duddu, Ravindra", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Abaqus user-defined elements subroutine for cohesive zone model of hydrofracturing of surface crevasses in ice shelves", "uid": "601704", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1847067 Levy, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161 -76,161.34 -76,161.68 -76,162.02 -76,162.36 -76,162.7 -76,163.04 -76,163.38 -76,163.72 -76,164.06 -76,164.4 -76,164.4 -76.2,164.4 -76.4,164.4 -76.6,164.4 -76.8,164.4 -77,164.4 -77.2,164.4 -77.4,164.4 -77.6,164.4 -77.8,164.4 -78,164.06 -78,163.72 -78,163.38 -78,163.04 -78,162.7 -78,162.36 -78,162.02 -78,161.68 -78,161.34 -78,161 -78,161 -77.8,161 -77.6,161 -77.4,161 -77.2,161 -77,161 -76.8,161 -76.6,161 -76.4,161 -76.2,161 -76))"], "date_created": "Mon, 26 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains major ion data for surface and near-surface waters from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, determined through ion chromatography. Water types include snow and ice melt sources, streams and rivers, water track groundwater, pond water, and lake water. ", "east": 164.4, "geometry": ["POINT(162.7 -77)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Dry Valleys", "locations": "Dry Valleys; Antarctica", "north": -76.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Levy, Joseph", "project_titles": "Linking Antarctic Cold Desert Groundwater to Thermokarst \u0026 Chemical Weathering in Partnership with the Geoscience UAV Academy", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010286", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Linking Antarctic Cold Desert Groundwater to Thermokarst \u0026 Chemical Weathering in Partnership with the Geoscience UAV Academy"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Surface Water Geochemistry from the McMurdo Dry Valleys", "uid": "601703", "west": 161.0}, {"awards": "1848887 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.06 -64.76,-64.058 -64.76,-64.056 -64.76,-64.054 -64.76,-64.052 -64.76,-64.05000000000001 -64.76,-64.048 -64.76,-64.046 -64.76,-64.04400000000001 -64.76,-64.042 -64.76,-64.04 -64.76,-64.04 -64.76100000000001,-64.04 -64.762,-64.04 -64.763,-64.04 -64.764,-64.04 -64.765,-64.04 -64.766,-64.04 -64.767,-64.04 -64.768,-64.04 -64.76899999999999,-64.04 -64.77,-64.042 -64.77,-64.04400000000001 -64.77,-64.046 -64.77,-64.048 -64.77,-64.05000000000001 -64.77,-64.052 -64.77,-64.054 -64.77,-64.056 -64.77,-64.058 -64.77,-64.06 -64.77,-64.06 -64.76899999999999,-64.06 -64.768,-64.06 -64.767,-64.06 -64.766,-64.06 -64.765,-64.06 -64.764,-64.06 -64.763,-64.06 -64.762,-64.06 -64.76100000000001,-64.06 -64.76))"], "date_created": "Thu, 22 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "", "east": -64.04, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.05000000000001 -64.765)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Palmer Station", "locations": "Palmer Station; Antarctica", "north": -64.76, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Assemblage-wide effects of ocean acidification and ocean warming on ecologically important macroalgal-associated crustaceans in Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010193", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Assemblage-wide effects of ocean acidification and ocean warming on ecologically important macroalgal-associated crustaceans in Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.77, "title": "2023 daily seawater carbonate chemistry", "uid": "601701", "west": -64.06}, {"awards": "1848887 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.06 -64.76,-64.058 -64.76,-64.056 -64.76,-64.054 -64.76,-64.052 -64.76,-64.05000000000001 -64.76,-64.048 -64.76,-64.046 -64.76,-64.04400000000001 -64.76,-64.042 -64.76,-64.04 -64.76,-64.04 -64.76100000000001,-64.04 -64.762,-64.04 -64.763,-64.04 -64.764,-64.04 -64.765,-64.04 -64.766,-64.04 -64.767,-64.04 -64.768,-64.04 -64.76899999999999,-64.04 -64.77,-64.042 -64.77,-64.04400000000001 -64.77,-64.046 -64.77,-64.048 -64.77,-64.05000000000001 -64.77,-64.052 -64.77,-64.054 -64.77,-64.056 -64.77,-64.058 -64.77,-64.06 -64.77,-64.06 -64.76899999999999,-64.06 -64.768,-64.06 -64.767,-64.06 -64.766,-64.06 -64.765,-64.06 -64.764,-64.06 -64.763,-64.06 -64.762,-64.06 -64.76100000000001,-64.06 -64.76))"], "date_created": "Thu, 22 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Results of daily monitoring of carbonate chemistry parameters in experimental containers (buckets).", "east": -64.04, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.05000000000001 -64.765)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Palmer Station", "locations": "Palmer Station; Antarctica", "north": -64.76, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Assemblage-wide effects of ocean acidification and ocean warming on ecologically important macroalgal-associated crustaceans in Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010193", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Assemblage-wide effects of ocean acidification and ocean warming on ecologically important macroalgal-associated crustaceans in Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.77, "title": "2020 daily seawater carbonate chemistry", "uid": "601700", "west": -64.06}, {"awards": "1847067 Levy, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((160.6263 -77.575,160.91780999999997 -77.575,161.20932 -77.575,161.50083 -77.575,161.79234 -77.575,162.08384999999998 -77.575,162.37536 -77.575,162.66687000000002 -77.575,162.95838 -77.575,163.24989 -77.575,163.5414 -77.575,163.5414 -77.6003,163.5414 -77.6256,163.5414 -77.65090000000001,163.5414 -77.67620000000001,163.5414 -77.70150000000001,163.5414 -77.7268,163.5414 -77.7521,163.5414 -77.7774,163.5414 -77.8027,163.5414 -77.828,163.24989 -77.828,162.95838 -77.828,162.66687000000002 -77.828,162.37536 -77.828,162.08384999999998 -77.828,161.79234 -77.828,161.50083 -77.828,161.20932 -77.828,160.91780999999997 -77.828,160.6263 -77.828,160.6263 -77.8027,160.6263 -77.7774,160.6263 -77.7521,160.6263 -77.7268,160.6263 -77.70150000000001,160.6263 -77.67620000000001,160.6263 -77.65090000000001,160.6263 -77.6256,160.6263 -77.6003,160.6263 -77.575))"], "date_created": "Mon, 01 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains soil properties data from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, focused on the properties of water tracks and adjacent dry soils. The dataset is surface and near-surface soil sample data, including sample location, water content by weight, organic matter content by weight, soluble salt extract composition by ion, and cation exchange extract concentrations from the soils. ", "east": 163.5414, "geometry": ["POINT(162.08384999999998 -77.70150000000001)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cation Exchange; Chemistry:soil; Chemistry:Soil; Dry Valleys; Organic Matter; Salt; Soil", "locations": "Dry Valleys; Antarctica", "north": -77.575, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Levy, Joseph", "project_titles": "Linking Antarctic Cold Desert Groundwater to Thermokarst \u0026 Chemical Weathering in Partnership with the Geoscience UAV Academy", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010286", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Linking Antarctic Cold Desert Groundwater to Thermokarst \u0026 Chemical Weathering in Partnership with the Geoscience UAV Academy"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.828, "title": "Biogeochemical measurements of water tracks and adjacent dry soils from the McMurdo Dry Valleys", "uid": "601684", "west": 160.6263}, {"awards": "1643455 Enderlin, Ellyn; 1933764 Enderlin, Ellyn", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 06 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes manually-extracted iceberg geometries and meltwater fluxes from 2011-2022 WorldView digital elevation model time series for 15 study sites around Antarctica. Each file contains the coordinates, median surface elevation, density, volume, surface area, draft, and submerged area estimated for an iceberg on two different observation dates (specified in the file name). The submarine meltwater flux for each iceberg, calculated as the volume change over time corrected for surface mass balance processes and creep thinning between observation dates, is provided for each iceberg. Dates listed in file names are in YYYYMMDDhhmmss format. Site abbreviations in file names are as follows: BG = Blanchard Glacier, CG = Cadman Glacier, FG = Ferrigno Glacier, FI = Filchner Ice Shelf, HG = Heim Glacier, LA = Edgeworth Glacier (Larsen A tributary), LB = Cadman Glacier (Larsen B tributary), LG = Leonardo Glacier, MI = Mertz Ice Tongue, PT = Polar Times, RI = Ronne Ice Shelf, SG = Seller Glacier, TG = Thwaites Glacier, TI = Totten Ice Shelf, and WG = Widdowson Glacier.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Elevation; Glaciology; Iceberg; Meltwater; Submarine Melt", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Enderlin, Ellyn; Dickson, Adam; Miller, Emily; Dryak, Mariama; Oliver, Caitlin; Aberle, Rainey", "project_titles": "Antarctic Submarine Melt Variability from Remote Sensing of Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010210", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Submarine Melt Variability from Remote Sensing of Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Remotely-sensed iceberg geometries and meltwater fluxes", "uid": "601679", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1543347 Rosenheim, Brad", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149.59134 -84.640287)"], "date_created": "Mon, 13 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes radiocarbon (\u00b9\u2074C) and stable carbon isotope (\u03b4\u00b9\u00b3C) data for a sediment core from Mercer Subglacial Lake. In addition, this dataset includes \u00b9\u2074C and \u03b4\u00b9\u00b3C for dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, and particulate organic carbon from the Mercer Subglacial Lake water column. ", "east": -149.59134, "geometry": ["POINT(-149.59134 -84.640287)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Isotope; Mercer Subglacial Lake; Radiocarbon; Subglacial Lake", "locations": "Mercer Subglacial Lake; Antarctica", "north": -84.640287, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Venturelli, Ryan; Rosenheim, Brad", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010119", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.640287, "title": "Mercer Subglacial Lake radiocarbon and stable isotope data ", "uid": "601672", "west": -149.59134}, {"awards": "1543537 Priscu, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"], "date_created": "Fri, 03 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains measurements of sediment porewater properties from cores collected from Mercer Subglacial Lake by the SALSA project. Included are: specific conductance; water stable isotopes (\u03b42H and \u03b418O); dissolved gases (methane and its stable isotopes \u03b413C and \u03b42H, ethylene, and ethane); and major anions and cations.", "east": -149.50134, "geometry": ["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Gas; Geochemistry; Glacier; Glaciology; Mercer Subglacial Lake; Methane; SALSA; Sediment Core; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "Mercer Subglacial Lake; Mercer Subglacial Lake; West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica", "north": -84.640287, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Dore, John; Michaud, Alexander; Skidmore, Mark; Tranter, Martyn; Steigmeyer, August; Science Team, SALSA", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010119", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.640287, "title": "Sediment porewater properties data from Mercer Subglacial Lake", "uid": "601664", "west": -149.50134}, {"awards": "1543537 Priscu, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains water column biogeochemical properties measured on discrete samples collected from Mercer Subglacial Lake by the SALSA project. Data included are: specific conductance; carbonic acid system parameters (total alkalinity, total inorganic carbon, and pH); water stable isotopes (\u03b42H and \u03b418O); dissolved gases (oxygen, methane, nitrous oxide, and hydrogen); dissolved nutrients (ammonium, nitrite and phosphate), major anions (including nitrate) and cations; size-fractionated colloidal and dissolved trace elements); dissolved organic carbon; and microbial cell and virus-like particle counts.", "east": -149.50134, "geometry": ["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon; Cell Counts; Geochemistry; Glacier; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Mercer Subglacial Lake; Microbes; Nutrients; SALSA; Stable Isotopes; Trace Elements; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "Mercer Subglacial Lake; Mercer Subglacial Lake; West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica", "north": -84.640287, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Dore, John; Skidmore, Mark; Hawkings, Jon; Steigmeyer, August; Li, Wei; Barker, Joel; Tranter, Martyn; Priscu, John; Science Team, SALSA", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010119", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.640287, "title": "Water column biogeochemical data from Mercer Subglacial Lake", "uid": "601663", "west": -149.50134}, {"awards": "1543537 Priscu, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains bulk sediment properties measurements from cores collected from Mercer Subglacial Lake by the SALSA project. Included are: physical properties (bulk density, mass water content, porosity, shear strength, particle size distribution, and mineralogy); carbon (inorganic and organic); iron (ascorbate- and dithionite-extractable); and sulfur (acid-volatile and chromium-reducible).", "east": -149.50134, "geometry": ["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon; Glacier; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Iron; Mercer Subglacial Lake; Mineralogy; Particle Size; Physical Properties; SALSA; Sediment Core; Sulfur; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "Mercer Subglacial Lake; Mercer Subglacial Lake; West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica", "north": -84.640287, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Dore, John; Campbell, Timothy; Michaud, Alexander; Hawkings, Jon; Skidmore, Mark; Tranter, Martyn; Venturelli, Ryan A; Science Team, SALSA", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010119", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.640287, "title": "Discrete bulk sediment properties data from Mercer Subglacial Lake", "uid": "601661", "west": -149.50134}, {"awards": "1543537 Priscu, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"], "date_created": "Tue, 17 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes binned conductivity, temperature and pressure measurements from Mercer Subglacial Lake and the borehole drilled to access the lake by the SALSA project, as well as additional physical parameters derived from these measurements using the TEOS-10 equation of state.", "east": -149.50134, "geometry": ["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Conductivity; CTD; Depth; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Hot Water Drill; Mercer Subglacial Lake; Physical Properties; SALSA; Subglacial Lake; Temperature", "locations": "Mercer Subglacial Lake; Antarctica", "north": -84.640287, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Dore, John; Priscu, John; Leventer, Amy; Rosenheim, Brad", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010119", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.640287, "title": "CTD data from Mercer Subglacial Lake and access borehole", "uid": "601657", "west": -149.50134}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"], "date_created": "Wed, 11 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset a CSV file containing the percentages of water (non-land) pixels within various sized buffers (100, 300, 3,000 and 10,000 m radii) buffers around fifteen sampling sites that were classified as being either Sea Ice or Cloud in the Antarctic Landsat Views collection housed within Esri\u2019s curated Living Atlas of the world which is a collection of ready-to-use global geographic content. The encompass a portion of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. This dataset was developed in support of projects ANT-1744550, -744570, -1744584, and -1744602.", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; GIS; LANDSAT; LMG1904; Remote Sensing; R/v Laurence M. Gould", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Landsat Sea Ice/Cloud classifications surrounding project study sites", "uid": "601654", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1543450 Countway, Peter", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-66 -63,-65.7 -63,-65.4 -63,-65.1 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.5 -63,-64.2 -63,-63.9 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.3 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.3,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.9,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.8,-63 -65.1,-63 -65.4,-63 -65.7,-63 -66,-63.3 -66,-63.6 -66,-63.9 -66,-64.2 -66,-64.5 -66,-64.8 -66,-65.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-65.7 -66,-66 -66,-66 -65.7,-66 -65.4,-66 -65.1,-66 -64.8,-66 -64.5,-66 -64.2,-66 -63.9,-66 -63.6,-66 -63.3,-66 -63))"], "date_created": "Tue, 03 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Biogenic sulfur samples were collected from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and from associated incubation experiments with Station E water. Samples were analyzed for Dimethyl Sulfide (DMS), particulate Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPp), dissolved Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPd), particulate Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSOp), dissolved Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSOd) and DMSP lyase activity. All analyses were performed at Palmer Station during scientific deployments. An overview of the methods used for these analyses is included in a secondary tab with the uploaded data.", "east": -63.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.5 -64.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Dimethyl Sulfide; Dimethylsulfoniopropionate; Dimethylsulfoxide; DMSP; DMSP Lyase; Palmer Station", "locations": "Palmer Station; Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Countway, Peter; Matrai, Patricia", "project_titles": "Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010120", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.0, "title": "Biogenic Sulfur Samples from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and Associated Incubation Experiments", "uid": "601648", "west": -66.0}, {"awards": "1543450 Countway, Peter", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-66 -63,-65.7 -63,-65.4 -63,-65.1 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.5 -63,-64.2 -63,-63.9 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.3 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.3,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.9,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.8,-63 -65.1,-63 -65.4,-63 -65.7,-63 -66,-63.3 -66,-63.6 -66,-63.9 -66,-64.2 -66,-64.5 -66,-64.8 -66,-65.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-65.7 -66,-66 -66,-66 -65.7,-66 -65.4,-66 -65.1,-66 -64.8,-66 -64.5,-66 -64.2,-66 -63.9,-66 -63.6,-66 -63.3,-66 -63))"], "date_created": "Tue, 03 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Dissolved inorganic nutrient samples were collected from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and associated incubation experiments with Station E water. Samples were analyzed for Nitrate plus Nitrite, Nitrite, Ammonium, Phosphate and Silicate. All nutrient analyses were performed at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences. An overview of the analytical methods used for these analyses is included in a secondary tab with the uploaded data.", "east": -63.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.5 -64.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Nitrate; Nitrite; Palmer Station; Phosphate", "locations": "Palmer Station; Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Countway, Peter; Matrai, Patricia", "project_titles": "Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010120", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.0, "title": "Dissolved Inorganic Nutrient Samples from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and Associated Incubation Experiments ", "uid": "601645", "west": -66.0}, {"awards": "1543450 Countway, Peter", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-66 -63,-65.7 -63,-65.4 -63,-65.1 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.5 -63,-64.2 -63,-63.9 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.3 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.3,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.9,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.8,-63 -65.1,-63 -65.4,-63 -65.7,-63 -66,-63.3 -66,-63.6 -66,-63.9 -66,-64.2 -66,-64.5 -66,-64.8 -66,-65.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-65.7 -66,-66 -66,-66 -65.7,-66 -65.4,-66 -65.1,-66 -64.8,-66 -64.5,-66 -64.2,-66 -63.9,-66 -63.6,-66 -63.3,-66 -63))"], "date_created": "Tue, 03 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN) samples were collected from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and associated incubation experiments with Station E water. Samples were analyzed for DOC and TDN using a Shimadzu TOC-L system equipped with TNM-L for N detection. All analyses were performed in the Hansell Lab at the University of Miami, FL (USA). References for the analytical methods used for these analyses are included in a secondary tab with the uploaded data.", "east": -63.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.5 -64.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon; Dissolved Organic Carbon; Nitrogen; Palmer Station; TDN; Total Dissolved Nitrogen", "locations": "Palmer Station; Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Countway, Peter; Matrai, Patricia", "project_titles": "Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010120", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.0, "title": "Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN) Samples from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and Associated Incubation Experiments", "uid": "601646", "west": -66.0}, {"awards": "1543450 Countway, Peter", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-66 -63,-65.7 -63,-65.4 -63,-65.1 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.5 -63,-64.2 -63,-63.9 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.3 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.3,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.9,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.8,-63 -65.1,-63 -65.4,-63 -65.7,-63 -66,-63.3 -66,-63.6 -66,-63.9 -66,-64.2 -66,-64.5 -66,-64.8 -66,-65.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-65.7 -66,-66 -66,-66 -65.7,-66 -65.4,-66 -65.1,-66 -64.8,-66 -64.5,-66 -64.2,-66 -63.9,-66 -63.6,-66 -63.3,-66 -63))"], "date_created": "Tue, 03 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Flow cytometry samples were collected from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and associated incubation experiments with Station E water. Samples were analyzed for Phytoplankton (\u003c20 um), Cryptophytes (\u003c20 um), Heterotrophic Nanoflagellates (\u003c20 um) and Total Bacteria. All flow cytometric analyses were performed at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences. An overview of the analytical methods used for these samples is included in a secondary tab with the uploaded data.", "east": -63.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.5 -64.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Palmer Station; Phytoplankton", "locations": "Palmer Station; Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Countway, Peter; Matrai, Patricia", "project_titles": "Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010120", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.0, "title": "Flow Cytometry Samples from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and Associated Incubation Experiments", "uid": "601647", "west": -66.0}, {"awards": "1543450 Countway, Peter", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-66 -63,-65.7 -63,-65.4 -63,-65.1 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.5 -63,-64.2 -63,-63.9 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.3 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.3,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.9,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.8,-63 -65.1,-63 -65.4,-63 -65.7,-63 -66,-63.3 -66,-63.6 -66,-63.9 -66,-64.2 -66,-64.5 -66,-64.8 -66,-65.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-65.7 -66,-66 -66,-66 -65.7,-66 -65.4,-66 -65.1,-66 -64.8,-66 -64.5,-66 -64.2,-66 -63.9,-66 -63.6,-66 -63.3,-66 -63))"], "date_created": "Tue, 03 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Rates of heterotrophic bacterial production (BP) via 3H-Leu uptake were estimated for samples collected from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and associated incubation experiments. Rates of BP in seawater incubations greatly exceeded BP rates in the environment, likely due to stimulation of phytoplankton blooms and addition of DMSP in experimental treatments. \r\nMethods for determining BP were identical to those used by Palmer LTER investigators. References for the analytical methods used for these analyses are included in a secondary tab with the uploaded data. ", "east": -63.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.5 -64.5)"], "keywords": "3H-Leu; Antarctica; Bacteria; Biota; DMSP; Heterotrophic Bacterial Production; Palmer Station", "locations": "Palmer Station; Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Countway, Peter; Matrai, Patricia", "project_titles": "Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010120", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.0, "title": "Heterotrophic Bacterial Production Samples from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and Associated Incubation Experiments", "uid": "601644", "west": -66.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"], "date_created": "Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This csv dataset includes the fetch distances for the 15 study sites visited by projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602 during ARSV Laurence M. Gould cruise LMG 19-04 in April and May 2019. The fetch distances were computed for each of the following eight cardinal directions (0\u00b0,45\u00b0,90\u00b0,135\u00b0,180\u00b0,225\u00b0,270\u00b0,315\u00b0). The fetches are all reported in meters (m). Fetch was determined by computing the distance along each of the eight directions to the nearest shoreline based on a 100 m resolution land/water grid. The grid was constructed using a vector-to-raster conversion of the Scientific Council of Antarctic Research (SCAR) Antarctic Digital Database\u2019s High resolution vector polylines of the Antarctic coastline. The fetch computations utilized an ArcGIS toolbox based on code by Finlayson (2006) that computes fetch using the recommended procedures from the US Army Corp of Engineers Shore Protection Manual (USACE, 1984).\r\nFinlayson, D.P. 2006. The geomorphology of Puget Sound beaches. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Washington, Seattle. 216 p.\r\nGerrish, L., Fretwell, P., \u0026 Cooper, P. (2021). High resolution vector polylines of the Antarctic coastline (7.4) [Data set]. UK Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research \u0026 Innovation. https://doi.org/10.5285/e46be5bc-ef8e-4fd5-967b-92863fbe2835\u0027.\r\nUSACE, 1984. Shore Protection Manual, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia.\r\n", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Fetch; LMG1904; R/v Laurence M. Gould", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Computed fetch for project study sites", "uid": "601639", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "NNX16AL07G TBD", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-155.3 -82.75,-155.27 -82.75,-155.24 -82.75,-155.21 -82.75,-155.18 -82.75,-155.15 -82.75,-155.12 -82.75,-155.09 -82.75,-155.06 -82.75,-155.03 -82.75,-155 -82.75,-155 -82.76,-155 -82.77,-155 -82.78,-155 -82.78999999999999,-155 -82.8,-155 -82.81,-155 -82.82,-155 -82.83,-155 -82.83999999999999,-155 -82.85,-155.03 -82.85,-155.06 -82.85,-155.09 -82.85,-155.12 -82.85,-155.15 -82.85,-155.18 -82.85,-155.21 -82.85,-155.24 -82.85,-155.27 -82.85,-155.3 -82.85,-155.3 -82.83999999999999,-155.3 -82.83,-155.3 -82.82,-155.3 -82.81,-155.3 -82.8,-155.3 -82.78999999999999,-155.3 -82.78,-155.3 -82.77,-155.3 -82.76,-155.3 -82.75))"], "date_created": "Wed, 14 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This work was primarily funded by the NASA-funded RISE-UP: Ross Ice Shelf \u0026 Europa Underwater Probe (PI Britney E. Schmidt) project. Field work at the KIS-1 site during the 2019-2020 season was completed through international collaboration between NASA, NSF/USAP, and Antarctica New Zealand, funded by the Aotearoa New Zealand Antarctic Science Platform (ANTA1801) Antarctic Ice Dynamics Project (ASP02101), and the NZARI-funded Aotearoa New Zealand Ross Ice Shelf Programme, \u201cVulnerability of the Ross Ice Shelf in a Warming World\u201d (grant no. 2014-11).\r\n\r\nThe data contained in this directory are merged and calibrated data files from three missions conducted with ROV Icefin through a borehole drilled through Ross Ice Shelf at KIS1 (-82.78410, -155.26267), near the Kamb Ice Stream grounding zone. Missions were conducted in 2019 on December 16th, 18th, and 21st (UTC). For questions or assistance working with the data please contact Britney Schmidt (britneys@cornell.edu) and Justin Lawrence (jdl287@cornell.edu).", "east": -155.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-155.15 -82.8)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Grounding Line; Grounding Zone; Ice Shelf; Kamb Ice Stream; Ross Ice Shelf", "locations": "Antarctica; Kamb Ice Stream; Ross Ice Shelf; Kamb Ice Stream; Antarctica", "north": -82.75, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Lawrence, Justin; Schmidt, Britney", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -82.85, "title": "KIS-1 ROV Icefin Missions", "uid": "601625", "west": -155.3}, {"awards": "1643735 Li, Yun; 2021245 Li, Yun", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -61.8,180 -63.6,180 -65.4,180 -67.2,180 -69,180 -70.8,180 -72.6,180 -74.4,180 -76.2,180 -78,144 -78,108 -78,72 -78,36 -78,0 -78,-36 -78,-72 -78,-108 -78,-144 -78,-180 -78,-180 -76.2,-180 -74.4,-180 -72.6,-180 -70.8,-180 -69,-180 -67.2,-180 -65.4,-180 -63.6,-180 -61.8,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Mon, 12 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Coastal Antarctic polynyas are regions with concentrated phytoplankton blooms, and therefore have important implications for marine ecosystems and the associated carbon cycles. Seasonal water-column stratification, regulated by sea ice, can modulate the exposure of phytoplankton to light and nutrients, and is one of the most important factors that control the duration and strength of algal blooms. Polynyas differ greatly in their stratification, thus are not equally productive in terms of phytoplankton biomass, nor equally vulnerable to the changes in regional climate. To date, most studies have been focusing on individual polynyas, yet a systematic assessment of stratification patterns across polynyas is still lacking. Therefore, we examined the spatial and seasonal variability of stratification in circum-Antarctic coastal polynyas. Using \u003e105 in situ hydrographic casts combined from the World Ocean Database (1970-2021) and the Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole Consortium Database (2004-2017), we constructed stratification seasonal climatology using 0-100 m Simpson Energy. Our results showed that stratification magnitude varies by a factor of 6 and its onset time displays 1-2 months difference across all the polynyas. In the presence of warmer water at depths, polynyas tend to develop stronger stratification than others. The spatial variations of stratification are negatively related to sea ice retreat rate and polynya size, indicative of distinct dynamics resulted from the interaction of sea ice melting, advection and water-column mixing.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctic; Antarctica; Antarctic Coastal Polynyas; Polynya", "locations": "Antarctic Coastal Polynyas; Antarctic; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Li, Yun; Shunk, Nathan; Zhang, Weifeng", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010044", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Monthly Stratification Climatology (1978-2021) in Antarctic Coastal Polynyas", "uid": "601628", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1738913 Scambos, Ted", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-105.6 -75.05,-105.58 -75.05,-105.56 -75.05,-105.53999999999999 -75.05,-105.52 -75.05,-105.5 -75.05,-105.48 -75.05,-105.46000000000001 -75.05,-105.44 -75.05,-105.42 -75.05,-105.4 -75.05,-105.4 -75.05499999999999,-105.4 -75.06,-105.4 -75.065,-105.4 -75.07,-105.4 -75.07499999999999,-105.4 -75.08,-105.4 -75.085,-105.4 -75.08999999999999,-105.4 -75.095,-105.4 -75.1,-105.42 -75.1,-105.44 -75.1,-105.46000000000001 -75.1,-105.48 -75.1,-105.5 -75.1,-105.52 -75.1,-105.53999999999999 -75.1,-105.56 -75.1,-105.58 -75.1,-105.6 -75.1,-105.6 -75.095,-105.6 -75.08999999999999,-105.6 -75.085,-105.6 -75.08,-105.6 -75.07499999999999,-105.6 -75.07,-105.6 -75.065,-105.6 -75.06,-105.6 -75.05499999999999,-105.6 -75.05))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "CTD data (date-time, device ID, conductivity, raw temperature, pressure, and salinity) for four CTD units recorded as they were lowered through the ice-shelf boreholes at the two sites and into the underlying ocean during installation. Cavity AMIGOS-III station CTDs were installed on 30-31 December 2019 (earlier data are from a salt-water tank in McMurdo); Channel AMIGOS-III CTDs were installed on 12 January 2020.", "east": -105.4, "geometry": ["POINT(-105.5 -75.07499999999999)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; CTD; Ice Shelf", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica", "north": -75.05, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "SCAMBOS, Ted", "project_titles": "NSF-NERC The Future of Thwaites Glacier and its Contribution to Sea-level Rise Science Coordination Office", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010127", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSF-NERC The Future of Thwaites Glacier and its Contribution to Sea-level Rise Science Coordination Office"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -75.1, "title": "Profile CTD Data During Installation of AMIGOS-III Cavity and Channel On-Ice Moorings", "uid": "601623", "west": -105.6}, {"awards": "1341333 McClintock, James; 1341339 Baker, Bill", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.36222 -64.72805,-64.325105 -64.72805,-64.28799 -64.72805,-64.250875 -64.72805,-64.21376 -64.72805,-64.176645 -64.72805,-64.13953 -64.72805,-64.102415 -64.72805,-64.0653 -64.72805,-64.028185 -64.72805,-63.99107 -64.72805,-63.99107 -64.74691299999999,-63.99107 -64.765776,-63.99107 -64.784639,-63.99107 -64.803502,-63.99107 -64.82236499999999,-63.99107 -64.841228,-63.99107 -64.860091,-63.99107 -64.878954,-63.99107 -64.897817,-63.99107 -64.91668,-64.028185 -64.91668,-64.0653 -64.91668,-64.102415 -64.91668,-64.13953 -64.91668,-64.176645 -64.91668,-64.21376 -64.91668,-64.250875 -64.91668,-64.28799 -64.91668,-64.325105 -64.91668,-64.36222 -64.91668,-64.36222 -64.897817,-64.36222 -64.878954,-64.36222 -64.860091,-64.36222 -64.841228,-64.36222 -64.82236499999999,-64.36222 -64.803502,-64.36222 -64.784639,-64.36222 -64.765776,-64.36222 -64.74691299999999,-64.36222 -64.72805))"], "date_created": "Tue, 22 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Data and R code from Sabrina Heiser\u0027s study of the reproductive system of Plocamium sp. in the Palmer Station region.", "east": -63.99107, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.176645 -64.82236499999999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic; Biota; Macroalgae; Population Genetics", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -64.72805, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.91668, "title": "Plocamium reproductive system data and R code", "uid": "601622", "west": -64.36222}, {"awards": "1341339 Baker, Bill; 1341333 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.3622 -64.72805,-64.325087 -64.72805,-64.287974 -64.72805,-64.250861 -64.72805,-64.213748 -64.72805,-64.176635 -64.72805,-64.139522 -64.72805,-64.102409 -64.72805,-64.065296 -64.72805,-64.028183 -64.72805,-63.99107 -64.72805,-63.99107 -64.74691299999999,-63.99107 -64.765776,-63.99107 -64.784639,-63.99107 -64.803502,-63.99107 -64.82236499999999,-63.99107 -64.841228,-63.99107 -64.860091,-63.99107 -64.878954,-63.99107 -64.897817,-63.99107 -64.91668,-64.028183 -64.91668,-64.065296 -64.91668,-64.102409 -64.91668,-64.139522 -64.91668,-64.176635 -64.91668,-64.213748 -64.91668,-64.250861 -64.91668,-64.287974 -64.91668,-64.325087 -64.91668,-64.3622 -64.91668,-64.3622 -64.897817,-64.3622 -64.878954,-64.3622 -64.860091,-64.3622 -64.841228,-64.3622 -64.82236499999999,-64.3622 -64.803502,-64.3622 -64.784639,-64.3622 -64.765776,-64.3622 -64.74691299999999,-64.3622 -64.72805))"], "date_created": "Tue, 22 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Data from Sabrina Heiser\u0027s study of Plocamium sp. benthic transect and transplant studies. ", "east": -63.99107, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.176635 -64.82236499999999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic; Biota; Macroalgae; Mesograzer; Microscopy; Oceans; Secondary Metabolites", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -64.72805, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.91668, "title": "Plocamium transect and transplant data", "uid": "601621", "west": -64.3622}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew; 1744550 Amsler, Charles; 1744570 Galloway, Aaron; 1744602 Iken, Katrin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-67.77137 -64.77195,-67.3795463 -64.77195,-66.9877226 -64.77195,-66.59589890000001 -64.77195,-66.2040752 -64.77195,-65.8122515 -64.77195,-65.4204278 -64.77195,-65.0286041 -64.77195,-64.6367804 -64.77195,-64.2449567 -64.77195,-63.853133 -64.77195,-63.853133 -65.16396350000001,-63.853133 -65.555977,-63.853133 -65.9479905,-63.853133 -66.34000400000001,-63.853133 -66.73201750000001,-63.853133 -67.124031,-63.853133 -67.5160445,-63.853133 -67.90805800000001,-63.853133 -68.3000715,-63.853133 -68.692085,-64.2449567 -68.692085,-64.6367804 -68.692085,-65.0286041 -68.692085,-65.4204278 -68.692085,-65.8122515 -68.692085,-66.2040752 -68.692085,-66.59589890000001 -68.692085,-66.9877226 -68.692085,-67.3795463 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.3000715,-67.77137 -67.90805800000001,-67.77137 -67.5160445,-67.77137 -67.124031,-67.77137 -66.73201750000001,-67.77137 -66.34000400000001,-67.77137 -65.9479905,-67.77137 -65.555977,-67.77137 -65.16396350000001,-67.77137 -64.77195))"], "date_created": "Thu, 17 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset consists of a file with results of community analyses from underwater video transects along the benthos at 14 sites between the Joubin Islands in the north and the Terra Firma Islands in the south. ", "east": -63.853133, "geometry": ["POINT(-65.8122515 -66.73201750000001)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Benthic Communities; Biota; Macroalgae; Macroinvertebrates; Oceans; Video Transects", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -64.77195, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.692085, "title": "Underwater video transect community analysis data", "uid": "601619", "west": -67.77137}, {"awards": "1933764 Enderlin, Ellyn", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-63.1 -65.2,-62.99 -65.2,-62.88 -65.2,-62.77 -65.2,-62.660000000000004 -65.2,-62.55 -65.2,-62.44 -65.2,-62.33 -65.2,-62.22 -65.2,-62.11 -65.2,-62 -65.2,-62 -65.24000000000001,-62 -65.28,-62 -65.32,-62 -65.36,-62 -65.4,-62 -65.44,-62 -65.47999999999999,-62 -65.52,-62 -65.56,-62 -65.6,-62.11 -65.6,-62.22 -65.6,-62.33 -65.6,-62.44 -65.6,-62.55 -65.6,-62.660000000000004 -65.6,-62.77 -65.6,-62.88 -65.6,-62.99 -65.6,-63.1 -65.6,-63.1 -65.56,-63.1 -65.52,-63.1 -65.47999999999999,-63.1 -65.44,-63.1 -65.4,-63.1 -65.36,-63.1 -65.32,-63.1 -65.28,-63.1 -65.24000000000001,-63.1 -65.2))"], "date_created": "Mon, 24 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains observed and modeled conditions along the Crane Glacier centerline for ~1994\u20142100. Observations include centerline (cl) coordinates, downscaled RACMO climate variables (runoff, snowfall, snowmelt, and surface mass balance), bed elevations (b), surface elevations (h), glacier width (W), calving front positions (xcf), and surface speeds (U) when available for the 1994\u20142019 period. Modeling results include glacier centerline geometry, speed, glacier mass discharge (Q_gl), and calving front and grounding line positions (x_cf and x_gl) under different future climate scenarios with varying surface mass balance (SMB), ocean thermal forcing (FT), SMB with potential feedbacks associated with enhanced surface melt water discharge and plume strengthening (SMB_enh), and concurrent SMB_enh and FT perturbations (SMB_enh_FT). Data are in \u201c.mat\u201d format, which can be read using MATLAB\u2019s \u201cload\u201d function or using Python with the Scipy \u201cscipy.io.loadmat\u201d function. ", "east": -62.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.55 -65.4)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Crane Glacier; Glacier Dynamics; Glacier Mass Discharge; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Modeling; Model Output", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Crane Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -65.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Aberle, Rainey; Enderlin, Ellyn; Marshall, Hans-Peter; Kopera, Michal; Meehan, Tate", "project_titles": "Antarctic Submarine Melt Variability from Remote Sensing of Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010210", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Submarine Melt Variability from Remote Sensing of Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.6, "title": "Crane Glacier centerline observations and modeling results ", "uid": "601617", "west": -63.1}, {"awards": "1644159 Jacobs, Stanley; 1644118 Dunbar, Robert", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-108 -73,-107.1 -73,-106.2 -73,-105.3 -73,-104.4 -73,-103.5 -73,-102.6 -73,-101.7 -73,-100.8 -73,-99.9 -73,-99 -73,-99 -73.3,-99 -73.6,-99 -73.9,-99 -74.2,-99 -74.5,-99 -74.8,-99 -75.1,-99 -75.4,-99 -75.7,-99 -76,-99.9 -76,-100.8 -76,-101.7 -76,-102.6 -76,-103.5 -76,-104.4 -76,-105.3 -76,-106.2 -76,-107.1 -76,-108 -76,-108 -75.7,-108 -75.4,-108 -75.1,-108 -74.8,-108 -74.5,-108 -74.2,-108 -73.9,-108 -73.6,-108 -73.3,-108 -73))"], "date_created": "Fri, 23 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Seawater d18O and hydrographic data (temperature, salinity, oxygen where available) for 5 cruises to the Amundsen Sea in 2000, 2007, 2009, 2019, 2020", "east": -99.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-103.5 -74.5)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Chemistry:Water; CTD; D18O; NBP0001; NBP0702; NBP0901; NBP1901; NBP2002; Oceans; Oxygen Isotope; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Seawater Isotope; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -73.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Hennig, Andrew", "project_titles": "Estimation of Antarctic Ice Melt using Stable Isotopic Analyses of Seawater; West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010208", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions "}, {"proj_uid": "p0010380", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Estimation of Antarctic Ice Melt using Stable Isotopic Analyses of Seawater"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.0, "title": "Antarctic Seawater d18O isotope data from SE Amundsen Sea: 2000, 2007, 2009, 2019, 2020", "uid": "601611", "west": -108.0}, {"awards": "1744550 Amsler, Charles", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-67.77137 -64.77195,-67.3795463 -64.77195,-66.9877226 -64.77195,-66.59589890000001 -64.77195,-66.2040752 -64.77195,-65.8122515 -64.77195,-65.4204278 -64.77195,-65.0286041 -64.77195,-64.6367804 -64.77195,-64.2449567 -64.77195,-63.853133 -64.77195,-63.853133 -65.16396350000001,-63.853133 -65.555977,-63.853133 -65.9479905,-63.853133 -66.34000400000001,-63.853133 -66.73201750000001,-63.853133 -67.124031,-63.853133 -67.5160445,-63.853133 -67.90805800000001,-63.853133 -68.3000715,-63.853133 -68.692085,-64.2449567 -68.692085,-64.6367804 -68.692085,-65.0286041 -68.692085,-65.4204278 -68.692085,-65.8122515 -68.692085,-66.2040752 -68.692085,-66.59589890000001 -68.692085,-66.9877226 -68.692085,-67.3795463 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.3000715,-67.77137 -67.90805800000001,-67.77137 -67.5160445,-67.77137 -67.124031,-67.77137 -66.73201750000001,-67.77137 -66.34000400000001,-67.77137 -65.9479905,-67.77137 -65.555977,-67.77137 -65.16396350000001,-67.77137 -64.77195))"], "date_created": "Fri, 23 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset consists of underwater videos of transects along the benthos at 14 sites between the Joubin Islands in the north and the Terra Firma Islands in the south. These were used for community analyses of the benthic communities. ", "east": -63.853133, "geometry": ["POINT(-65.8122515 -66.73201750000001)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Benthic Communities; Biota; Macroalgae; Macroinvertebrates; Oceans; Video Transects", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -64.77195, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.692085, "title": "Underwater transect videos used for community analyses", "uid": "601610", "west": -67.77137}, {"awards": "1341717 Ackley, Stephen; 1744562 Loose, Brice", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -71,-179.9 -71,-179.8 -71,-179.7 -71,-179.6 -71,-179.5 -71,-179.4 -71,-179.3 -71,-179.2 -71,-179.1 -71,-179 -71,-179 -71.7,-179 -72.4,-179 -73.1,-179 -73.8,-179 -74.5,-179 -75.2,-179 -75.9,-179 -76.6,-179 -77.3,-179 -78,-179.1 -78,-179.2 -78,-179.3 -78,-179.4 -78,-179.5 -78,-179.6 -78,-179.7 -78,-179.8 -78,-179.9 -78,180 -78,177.5 -78,175 -78,172.5 -78,170 -78,167.5 -78,165 -78,162.5 -78,160 -78,157.5 -78,155 -78,155 -77.3,155 -76.6,155 -75.9,155 -75.2,155 -74.5,155 -73.8,155 -73.1,155 -72.4,155 -71.7,155 -71,157.5 -71,160 -71,162.5 -71,165 -71,167.5 -71,170 -71,172.5 -71,175 -71,177.5 -71,-180 -71))"], "date_created": "Thu, 15 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Discrete noble gases were collected by cold-welded copper tubes within the Amundsen and Ross Sea polynyas. ", "east": -179.0, "geometry": ["POINT(168 -74.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Mass Spectrometer; NBP1704; Noble Gas; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -71.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Loose, Brice", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica; Measuring Dissolved Gases to Reveal the Processes that Drive the Solubility Pump and Determine Gas Concentration in Antarctic Bottom Water", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010376", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Measuring Dissolved Gases to Reveal the Processes that Drive the Solubility Pump and Determine Gas Concentration in Antarctic Bottom Water"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "PIPERS Noble Gases", "uid": "601609", "west": 155.0}, {"awards": "2031442 Learman, Deric", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Thu, 08 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Shelf sediment samples were collected around the Antarctic Peninsular with the mega corer in 2020 (Nov. to Dec.). The sample locations and water depths are recorded in this dataset. These samples were used to collect data on organic matter (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, delta 13C (organic), delta 15N, and C to N ratios). Nutrient data (nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, and ammonia) and grain size analysis were collected on a subsample set (10). ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Grain Size; Grain Size Analysis; Marine Geoscience; Marine Sediments; Organic Matter Geochemistry; Sediment Core Data; Shelf Sediments; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Weddell Sea; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Learman, Deric", "project_titles": "RAPID: Meta-genomic and Transcriptomic Investigation of Complex Organic Matter Degradation in Antarctic Benthic Sediments", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010235", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RAPID: Meta-genomic and Transcriptomic Investigation of Complex Organic Matter Degradation in Antarctic Benthic Sediments"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Physical and geochemical data from shelf sediments near the Antartic Pennisula", "uid": "601607", "west": null}, {"awards": "1807522 Jones, Tyler; 1043092 Steig, Eric", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "We analyzed a continuous record of water-isotope ratios from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core to reveal summer and winter temperature changes through the last 11,000 years. ", "east": -112.085, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Records; Seasonality; Seasonal Temperatures; Temperature; Water Isotopes; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica", "north": -79.467, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Jones, Tyler R.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Stable Isotopes of Ice in the Transition and Glacial Sections of the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core; Collaborative Research: Targeted resampling of deep polar ice cores using information theory", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010100", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Targeted resampling of deep polar ice cores using information theory"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000078", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Stable Isotopes of Ice in the Transition and Glacial Sections of the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.467, "title": "Seasonal temperatures in West Antarctica during the Holocene ", "uid": "601603", "west": -112.085}, {"awards": "1654922 de la Pena, Santiago", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -89.99,-144 -89.99,-108 -89.99,-72 -89.99,-36 -89.99,0 -89.99,36 -89.99,72 -89.99,108 -89.99,144 -89.99,180 -89.99,180 -89.991,180 -89.99199999999999,180 -89.993,180 -89.994,180 -89.995,180 -89.996,180 -89.997,180 -89.998,180 -89.999,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -89.999,-180 -89.998,-180 -89.997,-180 -89.996,-180 -89.995,-180 -89.994,-180 -89.993,-180 -89.99199999999999,-180 -89.991,-180 -89.99))"], "date_created": "Thu, 28 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "An instrument suite composed of weather sensors and a set of \u0027SnowFox\u0027 Gamma Ray neutron counters used to estimate the water equivalence of snow accumulation, measured continuously between December 2017 and January 2020. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Accumulation; Antarctica; Snow; South Pole; Surface Mass Balance", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -89.99, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Astrophysics and Geospace Sciences", "persons": "de la Pe\u00f1a, Santiago", "project_titles": "EAGER: An Operational System to Measure Surface Mass Balance Deep in the Interior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010360", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: An Operational System to Measure Surface Mass Balance Deep in the Interior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": " South Pole Weather and Accumulation Measurements 2017-2020", "uid": "601591", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1743643 Passchier, Sandra", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-42.933 -61.849)"], "date_created": "Wed, 22 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains measurements of major and trace elements on 190 samples of Eocene-Oligocene sediment from Ocean Drilling Program Site 696 drilled in 650 m water depth on the South Orkney Microcontinent. The composition of detrital, biogenic and authigenic sediment components was assessed via whole rock geochemistry of sediment samples. Instrument analysis was completed at Montclair State University.", "east": -42.933, "geometry": ["POINT(-42.933 -61.849)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciation; IODP 650; IODP 696; Paleoceanography; Provenance; Sediment Core Data; Weathering; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Antarctica", "north": -61.849, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Passchier, Sandra; Hojnacki, Victoria; Li, Xiaona; States, Abbey; Lepp, Allison", "project_titles": "Timing and Spatial Distribution of Antarctic Ice Sheet Growth and Sea-ice Formation across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Timing and Spatial Distribution of Antarctic Ice Sheet Growth and Sea-ice Formation across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -61.849, "title": "Major and trace element analyses of Eocene-Oligocene marine sediments from ODP Site 696, South Orkney Microcontinent", "uid": "601582", "west": -42.933}, {"awards": "1743643 Passchier, Sandra", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-42.933 -61.849)"], "date_created": "Tue, 21 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains measurements of terrigenous particle-size distributions on Eocene-Oligocene sediment from Ocean Drilling Program Site 696 drilled in 650 m water depth on the South Orkney Microcontinent. Carbonate and organic matter were removed through addition of 10mL aliquots of 30% H2O2, 2mL aliquots of 10% HCl to ~50-100mL suspension on a hot plate. Diatoms were generally either absent or present in trace amounts in the Eocene-Oligocene interval and were not removed. Dispersion was through heating with sodium pyrophosphate. Samples were measured on a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 with a Hydro 2000MU (A) accessory, using a Refractive Index of 1.6 (Illite) and an absorption coefficient of 0.9. Results are in (vol. %) per size class, with diameter range equivalent to the diameter of spheres with the same volume as measured particles.", "east": -42.933, "geometry": ["POINT(-42.933 -61.849)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciation; IODP 696; Marine Geoscience; Marine Sediments; Paleoceanography; Sediment Core Data; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Antarctica", "north": -61.849, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Passchier, Sandra; Lepp, Allison; Horowitz Castaldo, Josie; Light, Jennifer", "project_titles": "Timing and Spatial Distribution of Antarctic Ice Sheet Growth and Sea-ice Formation across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Timing and Spatial Distribution of Antarctic Ice Sheet Growth and Sea-ice Formation across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -61.849, "title": "Particle-size distributions of Eocene-Oligocene sediment from ODP Site 696, South Orkney Microcontinent", "uid": "601581", "west": -42.933}, {"awards": "1341432 Brzezinski, Mark", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-175 -54,-174 -54,-173 -54,-172 -54,-171 -54,-170 -54,-169 -54,-168 -54,-167 -54,-166 -54,-165 -54,-165 -55.3,-165 -56.6,-165 -57.9,-165 -59.2,-165 -60.5,-165 -61.8,-165 -63.1,-165 -64.4,-165 -65.7,-165 -67,-166 -67,-167 -67,-168 -67,-169 -67,-170 -67,-171 -67,-172 -67,-173 -67,-174 -67,-175 -67,-175 -65.7,-175 -64.4,-175 -63.1,-175 -61.8,-175 -60.5,-175 -59.2,-175 -57.9,-175 -56.6,-175 -55.3,-175 -54))"], "date_created": "Mon, 16 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains data for stable isotopes of silicon in pore water, interstitial water, sediments and CTD profiles.", "east": -165.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-170 -60.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biogenic Silica; Chemistry:sediment; Chemistry:Sediment; Lithogenic Silica; Marine Geoscience; NBP1702; Pore Water Biogeochemistry; Sediment; Silicon Cycle; Silicon Stable Isotope; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -54.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Closset, Ivia; Jones, Janice L.; Brzezinski, Mark", "project_titles": "Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010083", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "Silicon concentration and isotopic composition measurements in seawater profiles, pore waters, interstitial waters and sediments from 67\u00b0S to 55\u00b0S latitude in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean", "uid": "601562", "west": -175.0}, {"awards": "1643877 Friedlaender, Ari", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-65 -62,-64.5 -62,-64 -62,-63.5 -62,-63 -62,-62.5 -62,-62 -62,-61.5 -62,-61 -62,-60.5 -62,-60 -62,-60 -62.4,-60 -62.8,-60 -63.2,-60 -63.6,-60 -64,-60 -64.4,-60 -64.8,-60 -65.2,-60 -65.6,-60 -66,-60.5 -66,-61 -66,-61.5 -66,-62 -66,-62.5 -66,-63 -66,-63.5 -66,-64 -66,-64.5 -66,-65 -66,-65 -65.6,-65 -65.2,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.4,-65 -64,-65 -63.6,-65 -63.2,-65 -62.8,-65 -62.4,-65 -62))"], "date_created": "Wed, 23 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains motion-sensing and video recording data from CATS biologging tags deployed on Antarctic minke whales in 2018 and 2019. The data are used to determine underwater behavior and link foraging rates to environmental covariates to better understand the ecological role of this poorly known krill predator. Specifically, we are interested in how the presence and amount of ice affects the behavior of this species in the nearshore waters on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula, a region experiencing rapid climate change.", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.5 -64)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biologging; Foraging; Ice; Minke Whales", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Friedlaender, Ari", "project_titles": "Foraging Behavior and Ecological Role of the Least Studied Antarctic Krill Predator, the Antarctic Minke Whale (Balaenoptera Bonaerensis)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010207", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Foraging Behavior and Ecological Role of the Least Studied Antarctic Krill Predator, the Antarctic Minke Whale (Balaenoptera Bonaerensis)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.0, "title": "Motion-sensing biologging data from Antarctic minke whales, West Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "601542", "west": -65.0}, {"awards": "1341333 McClintock, James; 1341339 Baker, Bill", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 15 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This file represents the raw gastropod count data used for the analyses in Amsler et al. 2022, Antarctic Science. See the methods there in the main text and supplementary material for specifics on collections and exact coordinates of the collection sites. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthos; Palmer Station", "locations": "Palmer Station; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Raw gastropod collection data from Amsler et al. 2022 Antarctic Science", "uid": "601533", "west": null}, {"awards": "1643917 Fricker, Helen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-163.646 -84.186,-162.58715 -84.186,-161.5283 -84.186,-160.46945 -84.186,-159.4106 -84.186,-158.35175 -84.186,-157.2929 -84.186,-156.23405 -84.186,-155.1752 -84.186,-154.11635 -84.186,-153.0575 -84.186,-153.0575 -84.20871,-153.0575 -84.23142,-153.0575 -84.25413,-153.0575 -84.27684,-153.0575 -84.29955,-153.0575 -84.32226,-153.0575 -84.34497,-153.0575 -84.36768,-153.0575 -84.39039,-153.0575 -84.4131,-154.11635 -84.4131,-155.1752 -84.4131,-156.23405 -84.4131,-157.2929 -84.4131,-158.35175 -84.4131,-159.4106 -84.4131,-160.46945 -84.4131,-161.5283 -84.4131,-162.58715 -84.4131,-163.646 -84.4131,-163.646 -84.39039,-163.646 -84.36768,-163.646 -84.34497,-163.646 -84.32226,-163.646 -84.29955,-163.646 -84.27684,-163.646 -84.25413,-163.646 -84.23142,-163.646 -84.20871,-163.646 -84.186))"], "date_created": "Fri, 25 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This archive contains magnetotelluric (MT) responses estimated from MT time series data that were collected to study subglacial groundwater beneath Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica. Data acquisition took place during the 2018/2019 Antarctic summer field season. 27 MT stations were collected at Whillans Subglacial Lake (SLW) and 16 stations were obtained at its hypothesized downstream outlet to the ocean, Whillans Grounding Zone (WGZ). The MT responses are provided as text files in the .zmm format output by the MT data processing code, but have also been converted to the more widely used .edi text file format for convenience. All sensor orientations are listed as geomagnetic azimuths, which for this region are substantially different than the corresponding geographic azimuths.", "east": -153.0575, "geometry": ["POINT(-158.35175 -84.29955)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Stream; Magnetotelluric; Subglacial; Whillans Ice Stream", "locations": "Whillans Ice Stream; Antarctica", "north": -84.186, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Gustafson, Chloe; Key, Kerry; Siegfried, Matthew; Fricker, Helen", "project_titles": "Mapping Antarctic Subglacial Water with Novel Electromagnetic Techniques", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010300", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Mapping Antarctic Subglacial Water with Novel Electromagnetic Techniques"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.4131, "title": "Wideband magnetotelluric responses from Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica", "uid": "601526", "west": -163.646}, {"awards": "1543539 Liwanag, Heather", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 18 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Oxygen consumption of Weddell seal pups (n = 8) placed in a metabolic chamber filed with air or water. Data were collected during 2017 and 2019. Each pup was measured every 2 weeks starting from 1 week of age to 7 weeks of age, resulting in 4 age timepoints. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Mcmurdo Sound; Metabolic Rate; Thermoregulation; Weddell Seal", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Pearson, Linnea", "project_titles": "RUI: Growing Up on Ice: Physiological Adaptations and Developmental Plasticity in Weddell Seal Pups Across Two Extreme Physical Environments", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010144", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RUI: Growing Up on Ice: Physiological Adaptations and Developmental Plasticity in Weddell Seal Pups Across Two Extreme Physical Environments"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "metabolic measurements", "uid": "601524", "west": null}, {"awards": "1744789 Padman, Laurence; 1744792 Little, Christopher", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains NetCDF files of two-dimensional gridded fields of hydrographic properties, Conservative Temperature (CT) and Absolute Salinity (SA), around Antarctica, depth-averaged for the depth range 300 m to min([water depth, 1000]) m from 38 CMIP6 models, the World Ocean Atlas 2018, and our own product developed from the World Ocean Database. These fields are designed to represent the hydrography of deeper water masses on the Antarctic Continental Shelf (ACS), where typical water depths are 400-600 m, and the intermediate-depth water off the continental shelf. The dataset includes a high-resolution polar-stereographic grid (2 x 2 km) of Southern Ocean geometry, including water depth, elevation of the land and ice-sheet surface (including ice shelves), a mask (identifying water, land and grounded ice, and ice shelves), and offshore distance from the continental shelf break. An example MATLAB script for accessing the grids and plotting them is included. The primary purpose of this dataset is to provide simplified 2-D hydrographic fields that can be used to assess the performance of climate models for the ACS, focusing on the depth range that affects most basal melting of Antarctica\u2019s ice shelves.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Continental Shelf; CMIP6; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Howard, Susan L.; Little, Chris; Sun, Qiang; Padman, Laurence", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Gridded Values of Conservative Temperature and Absolute Salinity Around Antarctica averaged for the depth range 300 m to min([water depth, 1000]) m", "uid": "601516", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1738942 Wellner, Julia", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-107.38 -74.64,-107.065 -74.64,-106.75 -74.64,-106.435 -74.64,-106.12 -74.64,-105.805 -74.64,-105.49 -74.64,-105.175 -74.64,-104.86 -74.64,-104.545 -74.64,-104.23 -74.64,-104.23 -74.683,-104.23 -74.726,-104.23 -74.769,-104.23 -74.812,-104.23 -74.855,-104.23 -74.898,-104.23 -74.941,-104.23 -74.984,-104.23 -75.027,-104.23 -75.07,-104.545 -75.07,-104.86 -75.07,-105.175 -75.07,-105.49 -75.07,-105.805 -75.07,-106.12 -75.07,-106.435 -75.07,-106.75 -75.07,-107.065 -75.07,-107.38 -75.07,-107.38 -75.027,-107.38 -74.984,-107.38 -74.941,-107.38 -74.898,-107.38 -74.855,-107.38 -74.812,-107.38 -74.769,-107.38 -74.726,-107.38 -74.683,-107.38 -74.64))"], "date_created": "Thu, 27 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains measurements from grain-size, x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and physical properties (including magnetic susceptibility, water content, and shear strength) analyses of five sediment cores collected offshore Thwaites Glacier during cruises NBP19-02 (cores KC04, KC08, and KC23) and NBP20-02 (cores KC33 and KC67). We estimate the cores, which are between 213.5 and 297.5 cm in length, reflect deposition during the last ~10 kyr, consistent with published constraints of deglaciation of this region. Data are organized in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and core locations are provided in a PDF.", "east": -104.23, "geometry": ["POINT(-105.805 -74.855)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:sediment; Chemistry:Sediment; Glaciomarine Sediment; Grain Size; Magnetic Susceptibility; Marine Geoscience; Marine Sediments; NBP1902; NBP2002; Physical Properties; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Sediment Core Data; Thwaites Glacier; Trace Elements; XRF", "locations": "Thwaites Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -74.64, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Lepp, Allison", "project_titles": "NSF-NERC: THwaites Offshore Research (THOR)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010062", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSF-NERC: THwaites Offshore Research (THOR)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -75.07, "title": "Physical and geochemical data from five sediment cores collected offshore Thwaites Glacier", "uid": "601514", "west": -107.38}, {"awards": "1744835 Wagner, Till", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 18 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Because of difficulties in adequately simulating their breakup, large Antarctic icebergs to date have either not been represented in models or represented but with no breakup scheme such that they consistently survive too long and travel too far compared with observations. Here, we introduce a representation of iceberg fracturing using a breakup scheme based on the \u201cfootloose mechanism.\u201d We optimize the parameters of this breakup scheme by forcing the iceberg model with an ocean state estimate and comparing the modeled iceberg trajectories and areas with the Antarctic Iceberg Tracking Database. We show that including large icebergs and a representation of their breakup substantially affects the iceberg meltwater distribution, with implications for the circulation and stratification of the Southern Ocean.\r\n\r\nThis data link includes the model developed for the study, including a link to the forcing fields needed to replicate the model results. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Footloose Mechanism; Iceberg Breakup; Iceberg Decay; Model; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Wagner, Till", "project_titles": "Modeling Giant Icebergs and Their Decay", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010290", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Modeling Giant Icebergs and Their Decay"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Model of iceberg drift and decay including breakup", "uid": "601510", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1644013 Gaetani, Glenn", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((164.1 -77.1,164.65 -77.1,165.2 -77.1,165.75 -77.1,166.3 -77.1,166.85 -77.1,167.4 -77.1,167.95 -77.1,168.5 -77.1,169.05 -77.1,169.6 -77.1,169.6 -77.235,169.6 -77.37,169.6 -77.505,169.6 -77.64,169.6 -77.775,169.6 -77.91,169.6 -78.045,169.6 -78.18,169.6 -78.315,169.6 -78.45,169.05 -78.45,168.5 -78.45,167.95 -78.45,167.4 -78.45,166.85 -78.45,166.3 -78.45,165.75 -78.45,165.2 -78.45,164.65 -78.45,164.1 -78.45,164.1 -78.315,164.1 -78.18,164.1 -78.045,164.1 -77.91,164.1 -77.775,164.1 -77.64,164.1 -77.505,164.1 -77.37,164.1 -77.235,164.1 -77.1))"], "date_created": "Wed, 12 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "G170 Raman Spectroscopy \u0026 Tomography Volumes of Melt Inclusions and Vapor Bubbles", "east": 169.6, "geometry": ["POINT(166.85 -77.775)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Geochemistry; Melt Inclusions; Raman Spectroscopy; Ross Island; Vapor Bubbles; Volcanic", "locations": "Ross Island; Antarctica", "north": -77.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Gaetani, Glenn", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010081", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.45, "title": "G170 Raman Spectroscopy \u0026 Tomography Volumes of Melt Inclusions and Vapor Bubbles", "uid": "601508", "west": 164.1}, {"awards": "1644013 Gaetani, Glenn", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((164.1 -77.1,164.65 -77.1,165.2 -77.1,165.75 -77.1,166.3 -77.1,166.85 -77.1,167.4 -77.1,167.95 -77.1,168.5 -77.1,169.05 -77.1,169.6 -77.1,169.6 -77.235,169.6 -77.37,169.6 -77.505,169.6 -77.64,169.6 -77.775,169.6 -77.91,169.6 -78.045,169.6 -78.18,169.6 -78.315,169.6 -78.45,169.05 -78.45,168.5 -78.45,167.95 -78.45,167.4 -78.45,166.85 -78.45,166.3 -78.45,165.75 -78.45,165.2 -78.45,164.65 -78.45,164.1 -78.45,164.1 -78.315,164.1 -78.18,164.1 -78.045,164.1 -77.91,164.1 -77.775,164.1 -77.64,164.1 -77.505,164.1 -77.37,164.1 -77.235,164.1 -77.1))"], "date_created": "Wed, 12 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "G170 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Melt Inclusion Hydrogen Isotopes", "east": 169.6, "geometry": ["POINT(166.85 -77.775)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Geochemistry; Hydrogen; Ion Mass Spectrometry; Ross Island", "locations": "Ross Island; Antarctica", "north": -77.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Gaetani, Glenn", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010081", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.45, "title": "G170 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Melt Inclusion Hydrogen Isotopes", "uid": "601507", "west": 164.1}, {"awards": "1644013 Gaetani, Glenn", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((164.1 -77.1,164.65 -77.1,165.2 -77.1,165.75 -77.1,166.3 -77.1,166.85 -77.1,167.4 -77.1,167.95 -77.1,168.5 -77.1,169.05 -77.1,169.6 -77.1,169.6 -77.235,169.6 -77.37,169.6 -77.505,169.6 -77.64,169.6 -77.775,169.6 -77.91,169.6 -78.045,169.6 -78.18,169.6 -78.315,169.6 -78.45,169.05 -78.45,168.5 -78.45,167.95 -78.45,167.4 -78.45,166.85 -78.45,166.3 -78.45,165.75 -78.45,165.2 -78.45,164.65 -78.45,164.1 -78.45,164.1 -78.315,164.1 -78.18,164.1 -78.045,164.1 -77.91,164.1 -77.775,164.1 -77.64,164.1 -77.505,164.1 -77.37,164.1 -77.235,164.1 -77.1))"], "date_created": "Wed, 12 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "G170 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Melt Inclusion Volatiles", "east": 169.6, "geometry": ["POINT(166.85 -77.775)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Ion Mass Spectrometry; Ross Island; Volatiles", "locations": "Ross Island; Antarctica", "north": -77.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Gaetani, Glenn", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010081", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.45, "title": "G170 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Melt Inclusion Volatiles", "uid": "601506", "west": 164.1}, {"awards": "1644013 Gaetani, Glenn", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((164.1 -77.1,164.65 -77.1,165.2 -77.1,165.75 -77.1,166.3 -77.1,166.85 -77.1,167.4 -77.1,167.95 -77.1,168.5 -77.1,169.05 -77.1,169.6 -77.1,169.6 -77.235,169.6 -77.37,169.6 -77.505,169.6 -77.64,169.6 -77.775,169.6 -77.91,169.6 -78.045,169.6 -78.18,169.6 -78.315,169.6 -78.45,169.05 -78.45,168.5 -78.45,167.95 -78.45,167.4 -78.45,166.85 -78.45,166.3 -78.45,165.75 -78.45,165.2 -78.45,164.65 -78.45,164.1 -78.45,164.1 -78.315,164.1 -78.18,164.1 -78.045,164.1 -77.91,164.1 -77.775,164.1 -77.64,164.1 -77.505,164.1 -77.37,164.1 -77.235,164.1 -77.1))"], "date_created": "Wed, 12 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Electron Microprobe Analyses of Melt Inclusions and Host Olivines", "east": 169.6, "geometry": ["POINT(166.85 -77.775)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Electron Microprobe Analyses; Olivine; Petrography; Ross Island", "locations": "Ross Island; Antarctica", "north": -77.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Gaetani, Glenn", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010081", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.45, "title": "G170 Electron Microprobe Analyses of Melt Inclusions and Host Olivines", "uid": "601505", "west": 164.1}, {"awards": "1644013 Gaetani, Glenn", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((164.1 -77.1,164.65 -77.1,165.2 -77.1,165.75 -77.1,166.3 -77.1,166.85 -77.1,167.4 -77.1,167.95 -77.1,168.5 -77.1,169.05 -77.1,169.6 -77.1,169.6 -77.235,169.6 -77.37,169.6 -77.505,169.6 -77.64,169.6 -77.775,169.6 -77.91,169.6 -78.045,169.6 -78.18,169.6 -78.315,169.6 -78.45,169.05 -78.45,168.5 -78.45,167.95 -78.45,167.4 -78.45,166.85 -78.45,166.3 -78.45,165.75 -78.45,165.2 -78.45,164.65 -78.45,164.1 -78.45,164.1 -78.315,164.1 -78.18,164.1 -78.045,164.1 -77.91,164.1 -77.775,164.1 -77.64,164.1 -77.505,164.1 -77.37,164.1 -77.235,164.1 -77.1))"], "date_created": "Wed, 12 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "G170 Sample Locations Ross Island \u0026 Discovery Province", "east": 169.6, "geometry": ["POINT(166.85 -77.775)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Ross Island; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Sample Location", "locations": "Ross Island; Antarctica", "north": -77.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Gaetani, Glenn", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010081", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.45, "title": "G170 Sample Locations Ross Island \u0026 Discovery Province", "uid": "601504", "west": 164.1}, {"awards": "1947040 Postlethwait, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-65.3 -63.3,-65 -63.3,-64.7 -63.3,-64.4 -63.3,-64.1 -63.3,-63.8 -63.3,-63.5 -63.3,-63.2 -63.3,-62.9 -63.3,-62.6 -63.3,-62.3 -63.3,-62.3 -63.47,-62.3 -63.64,-62.3 -63.81,-62.3 -63.98,-62.3 -64.15,-62.3 -64.32,-62.3 -64.49,-62.3 -64.66,-62.3 -64.83,-62.3 -65,-62.6 -65,-62.9 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.5 -65,-63.8 -65,-64.1 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.7 -65,-65 -65,-65.3 -65,-65.3 -64.83,-65.3 -64.66,-65.3 -64.49,-65.3 -64.32,-65.3 -64.15,-65.3 -63.98,-65.3 -63.81,-65.3 -63.64,-65.3 -63.47,-65.3 -63.3))"], "date_created": "Thu, 16 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Temperature profiles at five fishing locations on the West Antarctic Peninsula during austral fall 2018. All profiles were recorded using a DST centi-TD Miniature Temperature and Depth Data Logger (Star-Oddi, Gar\u00f0ab\u00e6r, Iceland) mounted on one of the two otters of the fishing net, thus continuously recording temperature while going down, at the bottom, and while ascending the water column. The two temperature profiles in the Gerlache Strait were recorded using XBT probes (Expendable Bathythermograph) Sippican Deep Blue 760-M and thus show unidirectional temperature profiles.", "east": -62.3, "geometry": ["POINT(-63.8 -64.15)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -63.3, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Desvignes, Thomas", "project_titles": "EAGER: Origin and Physiological Consequences of a Neoplasm Outbreak in Antarctic Fish ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010221", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: Origin and Physiological Consequences of a Neoplasm Outbreak in Antarctic Fish "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Temperature profiles at five fishing locations on the West Antarctic Peninsula during austral fall 2018.", "uid": "601495", "west": -65.3}, {"awards": "1643550 Sletten, Ronald", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161.17 -77.55,161.178 -77.55,161.186 -77.55,161.194 -77.55,161.202 -77.55,161.21 -77.55,161.218 -77.55,161.226 -77.55,161.234 -77.55,161.242 -77.55,161.25 -77.55,161.25 -77.553,161.25 -77.556,161.25 -77.559,161.25 -77.562,161.25 -77.565,161.25 -77.568,161.25 -77.571,161.25 -77.574,161.25 -77.577,161.25 -77.58,161.242 -77.58,161.234 -77.58,161.226 -77.58,161.218 -77.58,161.21 -77.58,161.202 -77.58,161.194 -77.58,161.186 -77.58,161.178 -77.58,161.17 -77.58,161.17 -77.577,161.17 -77.574,161.17 -77.571,161.17 -77.568,161.17 -77.565,161.17 -77.562,161.17 -77.559,161.17 -77.556,161.17 -77.553,161.17 -77.55))"], "date_created": "Mon, 15 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Timelapse photography of Don Juan Pond basin during the period from 12/25/2017 to 1/17/2018. The images show the daily water level changes of Don Juan pond as well as the change in the appearance of slope streaks in the surrounding basin walls.", "east": 161.25, "geometry": ["POINT(161.21 -77.565)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Brine; CaCl2; Don Juan Pond; Dry Valleys; Salt", "locations": "Dry Valleys; Don Juan Pond; Antarctica", "north": -77.55, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Sletten, Ronald S.; Mushkin, Amit; Toner, Jonathan", "project_titles": "Formation and Characteristics of Brine-rich Water in the Dry Valleys, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010069", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Formation and Characteristics of Brine-rich Water in the Dry Valleys, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.58, "title": "Timelapse photography of Don Juan Pond and surrounding basin", "uid": "601487", "west": 161.17}, {"awards": "1246353 Anderson, John; 1745055 Stearns, Leigh; 1745043 Simkins, Lauren", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Wed, 10 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The dataset here allows exploration of the causes and significance of Antarctic grounding-line sinuosity by coupling observations of contemporary Antarctic grounding lines and paleo-grounding lines expressed as ice-marginal landforms on the Ross Sea continental shelf. Modern grounding lines are derived from the MEaSUREs Version 2 Differential Satellite Radar Interferometry dataset with spatial resolutions of 25-120 m spanning February 1992 to December 2014 (Rignot et al., 2016; Mouginot et al., 2017). The boundaries of individual grounding lines representative of individual glacial catchments (n=664) were delineated by the inflection points of the shear strain rate, \u03b5xy (c.f Van der Veen et al., 2011). Sinuosity was calculated as the ratio of the true length, orthogonal to ice-flow direction, of the grounding lines and the straight line length between end-points and in units of km/km. Raster data were extracted at 1-km points along each grounding line; the mean was calculated for each grounding line and merged in a table with sinuosity data. A dataset of 6,275 paleo-grounding lines expressed as ice-marginal landforms on the deglaciated western Ross Sea continental shelf are used in this study, originally published by Simkins et al., 2018. The ice-marginal landforms were mapped from multibeam echo sounder data that was collected onboard the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer (NBP) 15-02 cruise using a Kongsberg EM122 operating in dual swath mode at 12 kHz frequency with 30-60% swath overlap (Cruise DOI: 10.7284/901477). The resulting bathymetry data was gridded at 20-40 m with decimeter vertical elevation resolution depending on water depth and sea-state. Sinuosity is calculated as a ratio of true (mapped) landform length, measured in the across paleo-ice flow direction at the crest of the landform, to the straight line distance between the mapped landform endpoints and in units of km/km. \r\n\r\nTo compare modern and paleo-grounding lines, we use a consistent length scale by segmenting the grounding lines into 2-km sections for the two datasets (modern, n=12,966; paleo, n=5,832), even though this eliminates grounding lines that are less than 2-km long and thus results in 1 modern and 3,873 paleo-grounding lines removed. The full-length and 2-km segmented groundings lines are provided as shapefiles \"InSAR_groundinglines_full\" and \"InSAR_groundinglines_2km\", the paleo-grounding lines are provided as shapefiles \"RossSea_icemarginal_full\" and \"RossSea_icemarginal_2km\", and points marking modern grounding lines retreat from repeat InSAR surveys are provided as shapefile \"InSAR_retreat_points\", all stored together in a geodatabase named \"Antarctic_groundinglines.gbd\". Additional grounding line metrics, including length, sinuosity, bed roughness, and bed slope for modern and paleo-grounding lines, and height-above-buoyancy gradient, ice-flow velocity, presence of pinning points and ice shelves are provided for modern grounding lines. \r\n\r\nThe published dataset was compiled and analyzed in the article \"Controls on circum-Antarctic grounding-line sinuosity \" by Simkins, L.M., Stearns, L.A., and Riverman, K.L, which will be submitted to a peer-review journal in November 2021.\r\n\r\nReferences\r\nMouginot, J., B. Scheuchl, and E. Rignot. 2017. MEaSUREs Antarctic Boundaries for IPY 2007-2009 from Satellite Radar, Version 2. [Indicate subset used]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. \r\n\r\nRignot, E., J. Mouginot, and B. Scheuchl. 2016. MEaSUREs Antarctic Grounding Line from Differential Satellite Radar Interferometry, Version 2. Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. \r\n\r\nSimkins, L. M., Greenwood, S. L., \u0026 Anderson, J. B. (2018). Diagnosing ice sheet grounding line stability from landform morphology. The Cryosphere, 12(8), 2707-2726.\r\n\r\nVan der Veen, C. J., J. C. Plummer, \u0026 L. A. Stearns. (2011). Controls on the recent speed up of Jakobshavn Isbr\u00e6, West Greenland. Journal of Glaciology, 57(204), 770-782", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Bed Roughness; Bed Slope; Elevation; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Pinning Points", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Simkins, Lauren; Stearns, Leigh; Riverman, Kiya", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Topographic controls on Antarctic Ice Sheet grounding line retreat - integrating models and observations; Evidence for Paleo Ice Stream Collapse in the Western Ross Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000395", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Evidence for Paleo Ice Stream Collapse in the Western Ross Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum."}, {"proj_uid": "p0010269", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Topographic controls on Antarctic Ice Sheet grounding line retreat - integrating models and observations"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Circum-Antarctic grounding-line sinuosity", "uid": "601484", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1745043 Simkins, Lauren; 1745055 Stearns, Leigh; 1246353 Anderson, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((174 -75,174.4 -75,174.8 -75,175.2 -75,175.6 -75,176 -75,176.4 -75,176.8 -75,177.2 -75,177.6 -75,178 -75,178 -75.2,178 -75.4,178 -75.6,178 -75.8,178 -76,178 -76.2,178 -76.4,178 -76.6,178 -76.8,178 -77,177.6 -77,177.2 -77,176.8 -77,176.4 -77,176 -77,175.6 -77,175.2 -77,174.8 -77,174.4 -77,174 -77,174 -76.8,174 -76.6,174 -76.4,174 -76.2,174 -76,174 -75.8,174 -75.6,174 -75.4,174 -75.2,174 -75))"], "date_created": "Mon, 04 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Bathymetry from multibeam echo sounding data in Pennell Trough, Ross Sea, Antarctica was collected onboard the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer (NBP) 15-02 cruise using a Kongsberg EM122 operating in dual swath mode at 12 kHz frequency with a 1\u00b0\u00d71\u00b0 beam width, swath angular coverage set to 62\u00b0\u00d762\u00b0, and 30-60% overlap between survey lines. All raw, ping-edited geophysical data collected on NBP15-02 can be accessed using the Marine Geoscience Data System (Cruise DOI: 10.7284/901477). The bathymetry dataset here is gridded at 20-m resolution with a water depth-dependent vertical resolution on the order of decimeters. Two shapefiles are provided for ice-marginal landforms and meltwater landforms observable in the bathymetry data. The purpose of collecting the bathymetry data on cruise NBP15-02 was to better understand the glacial history of the Ross Sea, and the dataset, inclusive of bathymetry data and shapefiles of glacial landforms, from Pennell Trough are used to understand impacts on subglacial channel morphology and organization during the deglaciation of the region following the Last Glacial Maximum. The published dataset was used and analyzed in the article \"Topographic controls on channelized meltwater in the subglacial environment\" by Simkins, L.M., Greenwood, S.L., Munevar Garcia, S., Eareckson, E.A., Anderson, J.B., and Prothro, L.O, which was published in Geophysical Research Letters in 2021 (DOI: 10.1029/2021GL094678).", "east": 178.0, "geometry": ["POINT(176 -76)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Bathymetry; Elevation; Geomorphology; Glacial History; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Marine Geoscience; NBP1502; Pennell Trough; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer", "locations": "Ross Sea; Pennell Trough; Antarctica", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Greenwood, Sarah; Munevar Garcia, Santiago; Eareckson, Elizabeth; Anderson, John; Prothro, Lindsay; Simkins, Lauren", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Topographic controls on Antarctic Ice Sheet grounding line retreat - integrating models and observations; Evidence for Paleo Ice Stream Collapse in the Western Ross Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010269", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Topographic controls on Antarctic Ice Sheet grounding line retreat - integrating models and observations"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000395", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Evidence for Paleo Ice Stream Collapse in the Western Ross Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Pennell Trough, Ross Sea bathymetry and glacial landforms", "uid": "601474", "west": 174.0}, {"awards": "1643120 Iverson, Neal", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains parameters and results of laboratory experiments in which temperate ice with various water contents was sheared at controlled rates.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Stream; Lab Experiment; Rheology; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Water Content", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Iverson, Neal", "project_titles": "NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Two-Phase Dynamics of Temperate Ice", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010197", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Two-Phase Dynamics of Temperate Ice"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Softening of temperate ice by interstitial water", "uid": "601460", "west": null}, {"awards": "1543432 Hock, Regine", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 22 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains the total number of days per year with meltwater present at the surface across the Antarctic ice sheet and surrounding ice shelves derived from passive microwave satellite observations for each melt year from 1979/80 to 2019/20. This data comes from daily and near-daily SMMR, SSM/I, and SSMIS results at 25 km resolution at 19 GHz horizontal polarization. Each melt year starts on July 1 and ends June 30. The melt detection algorithm is described in Johnson and others (2020) and uses KMeans clustering analysis of the annual brightness temperature time series on each pixel to detect melt for that pixel and year. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Melt Days; Passive Microwave; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Surface Melt", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Johnson, Andrew; Hock, Regine; Fahnestock, Mark", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Present and Projected Future Forcings on Antarctic Peninsula Glaciers and Ice Shelves using the Weather Forecasting and Research (WRF) Model", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010408", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Present and Projected Future Forcings on Antarctic Peninsula Glaciers and Ice Shelves using the Weather Forecasting and Research (WRF) Model"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Antarctic passive microwave Kmeans derived surface melt days, 1979-2020", "uid": "601457", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1443347 Condron, Alan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 08 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Meltwater and ice discharge from a retreating Antarctic Ice Sheet could have important impacts on future global climate. This dataset contains the results from multi-century (present\u20132250) climate simulations performed using a coupled numerical model integrated under future greenhouse-gas emission scenarios IPCC RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, with meltwater and ice discharge provided by a dynamic-thermodynamic ice sheet model. These results were published in Sadai et al., Science Advances, 2020, Vol. 6, eaaz1169\r\n\r\nPlease note that ALL the raw model data generated for this project is archived at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the University of Massachusetts Amherst and freely available on request. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Meltwater", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Condron, Alan", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Assessing the Global Climate Response to Melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010007", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Assessing the Global Climate Response to Melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Future climate response to Antarctic Ice Sheet melt caused by anthropogenic warming", "uid": "601449", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1543325 Landolt, Scott; 1543377 Seefeldt, Mark", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.918 -77.877,167.2997 -77.877,167.6814 -77.877,168.0631 -77.877,168.4448 -77.877,168.8265 -77.877,169.2082 -77.877,169.5899 -77.877,169.9716 -77.877,170.3533 -77.877,170.735 -77.877,170.735 -77.99,170.735 -78.103,170.735 -78.216,170.735 -78.329,170.735 -78.442,170.735 -78.555,170.735 -78.668,170.735 -78.781,170.735 -78.894,170.735 -79.007,170.3533 -79.007,169.9716 -79.007,169.5899 -79.007,169.2082 -79.007,168.8265 -79.007,168.4448 -79.007,168.0631 -79.007,167.6814 -79.007,167.2997 -79.007,166.918 -79.007,166.918 -78.894,166.918 -78.781,166.918 -78.668,166.918 -78.555,166.918 -78.442,166.918 -78.329,166.918 -78.216,166.918 -78.103,166.918 -77.99,166.918 -77.877))"], "date_created": "Tue, 04 May 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The dataset includes precipitation and associated observations at four sites across the northwest Ross Ice Shelf from December 2017 to November 2019. The general instruments at each site include precipitation gauge - installed inside a wind shield, anemometer, thermometer, sonic ranging sensor, optical particle detector, laser disdrometer, shortwave and longwave radiation sensors, and a field camera. The observations from each site include: precipitation (liquid water equivalent), temperature, wind speed, snow surface height, particle count, particle size and speed, upward/downward longwave radiation, upward/downward shortwave radiation, still image photos, and 5-second movies. The data are in comma-delimited text files, jpg photos, and mp4 movies. png plots of the quality-controlled observations are included for quick views of the data.", "east": 170.735, "geometry": ["POINT(168.8265 -78.442)"], "keywords": "Accumulation; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Meteorology; Precipitation; Ross Ice Shelf; Snow; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Weatherstation; Weather Station Data", "locations": "Ross Ice Shelf; Antarctica", "north": -77.877, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Seefeldt, Mark", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Implementing Low-power, Autonomous Observing Systems to Improve the Measurement and Understanding of Antarctic Precipitation", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010173", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Implementing Low-power, Autonomous Observing Systems to Improve the Measurement and Understanding of Antarctic Precipitation"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.007, "title": "Precipitation Observations for the Northwest Ross Ice Shelf - 2017-12 to 2019-11", "uid": "601441", "west": 166.918}, {"awards": "1443347 Condron, Alan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 04 May 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains the MITgcm model output data presented in Ashley, K.E. et al., 2021. This dataset includes simulated spatial changes in sea surface salinity (SSS), time series data of salinity, and scatter plot data of SSS changes against meltwater discharge.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Computer Model; Freshwater; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Model Data; Ocean Model; Oceans; Salinity", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Condron, Alan", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Assessing the Global Climate Response to Melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010007", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Assessing the Global Climate Response to Melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Simulated changes in Southern Ocean salinity", "uid": "601442", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0636719 Joughin, Ian; 0636970 Tulaczyk, Slawek", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Wed, 21 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains lake boundaries, volume changes, and gridded elevations for 124 active subglacial lakes beneath the Antarctic ice sheet. Lakes were identified using laser altimetry data obtained from 2003 to 2009 by NASA\u0027s Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) mission. The data are provided in Keyhole Markup Language (KML), comma-separated values (CSV), and GEOTiff formats.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Altimetry; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Icesat; Laser Altimetry; Subglacial Lake", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Smith, Ben; Joughin, Ian; Tulaczyk, Slawek; Fricker, Helen", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Elevation Change Anomalies in West Antarctica and Dynamics of Subglacial Water Transport Beneath Ice Streams and their Tributaries", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000115", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Elevation Change Anomalies in West Antarctica and Dynamics of Subglacial Water Transport Beneath Ice Streams and their Tributaries"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Antarctic Active Subglacial Lake Inventory from ICESat Altimetry", "uid": "601439", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1644196 Cziko, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162.647931 -77.000624,163.049652 -77.000624,163.451373 -77.000624,163.853094 -77.000624,164.254815 -77.000624,164.656536 -77.000624,165.058257 -77.000624,165.459978 -77.000624,165.861699 -77.000624,166.26342 -77.000624,166.665141 -77.000624,166.665141 -77.0856883,166.665141 -77.1707526,166.665141 -77.2558169,166.665141 -77.3408812,166.665141 -77.4259455,166.665141 -77.5110098,166.665141 -77.5960741,166.665141 -77.6811384,166.665141 -77.7662027,166.665141 -77.851267,166.26342 -77.851267,165.861699 -77.851267,165.459978 -77.851267,165.058257 -77.851267,164.656536 -77.851267,164.254815 -77.851267,163.853094 -77.851267,163.451373 -77.851267,163.049652 -77.851267,162.647931 -77.851267,162.647931 -77.7662027,162.647931 -77.6811384,162.647931 -77.5960741,162.647931 -77.5110098,162.647931 -77.4259455,162.647931 -77.3408812,162.647931 -77.2558169,162.647931 -77.1707526,162.647931 -77.0856883,162.647931 -77.000624))"], "date_created": "Sun, 03 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Nearshore benthic seawater temperature (plus pressure and salinity for some sites) in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica for 2017-2019. Data includes those from standalone temperature (sometimes pressure) for several sites around McMurdo Sound as well as data from the cabled McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory moored conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor at the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty. Data are from high precision SeaBird sensors (SBE56, SBE39, SBE19Plus and SBE37), with sample intervals from 90 sec to 15 min, depending on site. Sampled sites include Explorer\u0027s Cove at New Harbor, Cape Evans, Granite Harbor, and the McMurdo Station jetty. All sensors were deployed near or on the benthos at 20-25 m deep, in typical nearshore benthic fish and invertebrate habitat.", "east": 166.665141, "geometry": ["POINT(164.656536 -77.4259455)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic Ecology; CTD; Depth; Mcmurdo Sound; Oceanography; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Pressure; Salinity; Seawater Measurements; Seawater Temperature; Supercooling; Tides", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -77.000624, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Cziko, Paul", "project_titles": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010147", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.851267, "title": "High-resolution nearshore benthic seawater temperature from around McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)", "uid": "601420", "west": 162.647931}, {"awards": "1341736 Adams, Byron; 1341631 Lyons, W. Berry", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-177.4213 -84.4647,-177.08802 -84.4647,-176.75474 -84.4647,-176.42146 -84.4647,-176.08818 -84.4647,-175.7549 -84.4647,-175.42162 -84.4647,-175.08834 -84.4647,-174.75506 -84.4647,-174.42178 -84.4647,-174.0885 -84.4647,-174.0885 -84.56732,-174.0885 -84.66994,-174.0885 -84.77256,-174.0885 -84.87518,-174.0885 -84.9778,-174.0885 -85.08042,-174.0885 -85.18304,-174.0885 -85.28566,-174.0885 -85.38828,-174.0885 -85.4909,-174.42178 -85.4909,-174.75506 -85.4909,-175.08834 -85.4909,-175.42162 -85.4909,-175.7549 -85.4909,-176.08818 -85.4909,-176.42146 -85.4909,-176.75474 -85.4909,-177.08802 -85.4909,-177.4213 -85.4909,-177.4213 -85.38828,-177.4213 -85.28566,-177.4213 -85.18304,-177.4213 -85.08042,-177.4213 -84.9778,-177.4213 -84.87518,-177.4213 -84.77256,-177.4213 -84.66994,-177.4213 -84.56732,-177.4213 -84.4647))"], "date_created": "Sat, 02 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "During the 2017-2018 austral summer, 220 surface soil samples (~top 5 cm) were collected from 11 distinct ice-free areas (Roberts Massif, Schroeder Hill, Mt. Augustana, Bennett Platform, Mt. Heekin, Thanksgiving Valley, Taylor Nunatak, Mt. Franke, Mt. Wasko, Nilsen Peak, and Mt. Speed) along the Shackleton Glacier. Dried soils were leached at a 1:5 soil to DI water ratio, and the leachate was filtered through 0.4 \u00b5m Nucleopore membrane filters. The leachate was analyzed for anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, and SO42-) which were measured on a Dionex ICS-2100 ion chromatograph, cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Sr2+) which were measured on a PerkinElmer Optima 8300 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), and nutrients (NO3- + NO2-, PO43-, H4SiO4, and NH3) which were measured on a Skalar San++ Automated Wet Chemistry Analyzer at The Ohio State University. Perchlorate (ClO4-) and chlorate (ClO3-) were measured using an ion chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry technique (IC-MS/MS) at Texas Tech University. Accuracy was typically better than 5% for all major anions, cations, and nutrients, as determined by the NIST 1643e external reference standard and the 2015 USGS interlaboratory calibration standard (M-216), and better than 10% for perchlorate and chlorate, as determined by spike recoveries.", "east": -174.0885, "geometry": ["POINT(-175.7549 -84.9778)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Geochemistry; Shackleton Glacier", "locations": "Shackleton Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -84.4647, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Diaz, Melisa A.; Lyons, W. Berry; Gardner, Christopher B.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Role of Glacial History on the Structure and Functioning of Ecological Communities in the Shackleton Glacier Region of the Transantarctic Mountains", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010140", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Role of Glacial History on the Structure and Functioning of Ecological Communities in the Shackleton Glacier Region of the Transantarctic Mountains"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -85.4909, "title": "Shackleton Glacier region soil water-soluble geochemical data", "uid": "601418", "west": -177.4213}, {"awards": "1341631 Lyons, W. Berry; 1341736 Adams, Byron", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-177.3907 -84.46466667,-177.06501 -84.46466667,-176.73932 -84.46466667,-176.41363 -84.46466667,-176.08794 -84.46466667,-175.76225 -84.46466667,-175.43656 -84.46466667,-175.11087 -84.46466667,-174.78518 -84.46466667,-174.45949 -84.46466667,-174.1338 -84.46466667,-174.1338 -84.566988336,-174.1338 -84.669310002,-174.1338 -84.771631668,-174.1338 -84.873953334,-174.1338 -84.976275,-174.1338 -85.078596666,-174.1338 -85.180918332,-174.1338 -85.283239998,-174.1338 -85.385561664,-174.1338 -85.48788333,-174.45949 -85.48788333,-174.78518 -85.48788333,-175.11087 -85.48788333,-175.43656 -85.48788333,-175.76225 -85.48788333,-176.08794 -85.48788333,-176.41363 -85.48788333,-176.73932 -85.48788333,-177.06501 -85.48788333,-177.3907 -85.48788333,-177.3907 -85.385561664,-177.3907 -85.283239998,-177.3907 -85.180918332,-177.3907 -85.078596666,-177.3907 -84.976275,-177.3907 -84.873953334,-177.3907 -84.771631668,-177.3907 -84.669310002,-177.3907 -84.566988336,-177.3907 -84.46466667))"], "date_created": "Sat, 02 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Soil samples were collected from the Shackleton Glacier region, located in the Queen Maud Mountains during the 2017-2018 austral summer. A subset of 27 samples were analyzed for stable isotopes of S, N, C, and O in nitrate, sulfate, and (bi)carbonate. ). \u03b415N-NO3 values ranged from -47.8 to 20.4\u2030 and, while all \u039417O-NO3 values are positive, they ranged from 15.7 to 45.9\u2030. \u03b434S-SO4 and \u03b418O-SO4 values ranged from 12.5 and 17.9\u2030 and -14.5 to -7.1\u2030, respectively. Total inorganic carbon isotopes ((bi)carbonate) in bulk soil samples ranged from 0.2 to 8.5\u2030 for \u03b413C and -38.8 to -9.6\u2030 for \u03b418O.", "east": -174.1338, "geometry": ["POINT(-175.76225 -84.976275)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Geochemistry; Nitrate; Shackleton Glacier; Stable Isotopes; Sulfate; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Transantarctic Mountains; Shackleton Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -84.46466667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Diaz, Melisa A.; Lyons, W. Berry; Gardner, Christopher B.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Role of Glacial History on the Structure and Functioning of Ecological Communities in the Shackleton Glacier Region of the Transantarctic Mountains", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010140", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Role of Glacial History on the Structure and Functioning of Ecological Communities in the Shackleton Glacier Region of the Transantarctic Mountains"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -85.48788333, "title": "Shackleton Glacier region water-soluble salt isotopes", "uid": "601419", "west": -177.3907}, {"awards": "1644196 Cziko, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Broadband underwater acoustic recordings from the McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory mooring near the seaward terminus of the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty. An omnidirectional Ocean Sonics icListen hydrophone (SB2-ETH, SN 1713) recorded continuously at 512 kilosamples/second (256 kHz Nyquist frequency; 24 bit) for 2 years. The hydrophone was mounted vertically on a steel strut (insulated with rubber sheet) at about 70 cm above the mud/gravel seabed at 21m deep, with the sloping 45\u00b0 rubble face of the jetty just behind the hydrophone. Temporal coverage is \u003e90%, with gaps and truncated files arising due to network and power outages and software bugs. The audio recordings are 10 minute WAV files, compressed using the lossless FLAC code (Free Lossless Audio Codec, xiph.org; about 33MB of data/minute compressed; 100MB/min uncompressed). The hydrophone was under thick (to 3 m) sea ice cover for the majority of the dataset. The majority of the recorded biological sounds were produced by Weddell seals. Orca were present intermittently (~10 days total) in January-March in both summers. Known non-biological sounds include irregular low-intensity, broad-spectrum clicks and cracks from the sea ice cover, occasional wind noise, a 1.5-s gurgle with components to 200kHz every 90s from the CTD\u2019s pump, a broad-spectrum mechanical sound for 3 min every 4 h from the observatory\u0027s underwater camera cleaning system, low-intensity whines (about 18, 58, 83, and 130 kHz, though variable over the dataset) thought to be from the station seawater pumps (\u003e100 m away within the jetty\u2019s well casing), and intermittent noises from tracked-vehicles and helicopters (September\u2013February), SCUBA divers (October\u2013December), and ships (January). Given hosting limitations, only every 6th file (roughly 10min/hour) has been archived here. Additional data can be obtained by contacting the primary author of the dataset, who will maintain it for as long as possible. Audio spectrogram images (PNGs) at three frequency ranges (three stacked panels per image, upper limits of 2.5, 25, and 256 kHz) from the entire dataset (all data, not subsampled) are also archived separately.", "east": 166.6645, "geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Bioacoustics; Biota; Hydroacoustics; Killer Whales; Leptonychotes Weddellii; Mcmurdo Sound; Oceans; Orcinus Orca; Sea Ice; Weddell Seal; Whales", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -77.851, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Cziko, Paul", "project_titles": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010147", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.851, "title": "Long-term broadband underwater acoustic recordings from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)", "uid": "601416", "west": 166.6645}, {"awards": "1644196 Cziko, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Long-term images taken by the camera from the McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory mooring in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica during its 2-year deployment (2017-2019). The mooring was situated at the seawater terminus of the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty at 21 m deep, typically under thick sea ice cover. The automated 360\u00b0 pan-tilt-zoom (ptz) camera, inside of an air-filled self-cleaning dome, was programmed to move to 42 ptz \"waypoints\" every hour and take a still 1920x1080 JPG image for archiving. Lights, oriented in one direction only, illuminated a rock/rubble slope for much of each winter, when there was no natural illumination. The camera was situated on a concrete block, which elevated the camera about 1m off of the seabed. Motile and sessile benthic biota, including notothenioid fishes, anemones, pycnogonids, asteroids, soft-corals, sponges, and nudibranchs are commonly seen in the images. Some ptz waypoints survey the water column and underside of the sea ice, capturing also the presence of larval/juvenile fishes and other plankton/nekton in the water column. Maximum intervals between subsequent images from the same ptz waypoint were about 1 hour, though many waypoints were captured at somewhat higher frequency. Interval images, taken at 5-min intervals irrespective of camera orientation, were also captured. Images are occasionally obscured/impacted by the camera dome\u0027s wiper, darkness, low visibility, minor fouling of the camera dome, and out-of-focus lens elements. ", "east": 166.6645, "geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic Ecology; Benthic Invertebrates; Biota; Mcmurdo Sound; Notothenioid; Notothenioid Fishes; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Rocky Reef Community; Soft-Bottom Community; Timelaps Images", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -77.851, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Cziko, Paul", "project_titles": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010147", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.851, "title": "Long-term underwater images from around a single mooring site in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)", "uid": "601417", "west": 166.6645}, {"awards": "1643715 Moussavi, Mahsa Sadat", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 10 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains extents and depths of supraglacial lakes on ice shelves across the Antarctic ice sheet, mapped from Landsat 8 imagery collected over the 2013-2020 period. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Landsat-8; Satellite Imagery; Supraglacial Lake", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Moussavi, Mahsa; Pope, Allen; Trusel, Luke; Abdalati, Waleed; Halberstadt, Anna Ruth", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Water on the Antarctic Ice Sheet: Quantifying Surface Melt and Mapping Supraglacial Lakes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010088", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Water on the Antarctic Ice Sheet: Quantifying Surface Melt and Mapping Supraglacial Lakes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Supraglacial Lakes in Antarctica", "uid": "601401", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1443105 Steig, Eric", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(180 -90)"], "date_created": "Wed, 28 Oct 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set provides the input and output data used in Kahle et al. 2020 to reconstruct climate variables at the South Pole. The files below include high resolution water isotopes, water isotope diffusion length, and various reconstructions of temperature, accumulation rate, and thinning function for the SPC14 ice core. An inverse approach was used to combine information from water isotope diffusion length, Dage, and annual-layer thickness to solve for temperature, accumulation rate, and thinning function. Corrections were applied to account for the advection of ice from upstream to yield estimates for the South Pole site. Updated data for Hires_Water_Isotopes_halfcm.txt is available at www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601429.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(180 -90)"], "keywords": "Accumulation; Antarctica; Diffusion Length; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Ice Dynamic; Layer Thinning; Oxygen Isotope; South Pole; SPICEcore; Temperature", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kahle, Emma; Steig, Eric J.; Jones, Tyler R.; Fudge, T. J.; Koutnik, Michelle; Morris, Valerie; Vaughn, Bruce; Schauer, Andrew; Stevens, Max; Conway, Howard; Waddington, Edwin D.; Buizert, Christo; Epifanio, Jenna; White, James", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: A 1500m Ice Core from South Pole; Collaborative Research: Record of the Triple-oxygen Isotope and Hydrogen Isotope Composition of Ice from an Ice Core at South Pole", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010060", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: A 1500m Ice Core from South Pole"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010065", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Record of the Triple-oxygen Isotope and Hydrogen Isotope Composition of Ice from an Ice Core at South Pole"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "Temperature, accumulation rate, and layer thinning from the South Pole ice core (SPC14)", "uid": "601396", "west": 180.0}, {"awards": "1743310 Kingslake, Jonathan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Sat, 24 Oct 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains the results presented in Lai et al. (2020), including; the 125m-resolution fracture map, the spatial distribution of fracture depths and the required initial flaw size for hydrofracture, which is calculated using linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) according to the ice-shelf stress fields and thickness. The dimensionless stress (Rxx_bar, defined in Lai et al. (2020)) governs how fractures behave. Using a dimensionless stress criteria we have determined which ice-shelf areas are vulnerable to hydrofracture if inundated with melt water (Rxx_bar \u003eRxx*_bar).", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Computer Model; Fractures; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Meltwater; Model Data", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Lai, Ching-Yao", "project_titles": "Satellite observations and modelling of surface meltwater flow and its impact on ice shelves", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010184", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Satellite observations and modelling of surface meltwater flow and its impact on ice shelves"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Vulnerability of Antarctica\u2019s ice shelves to meltwater-driven fracture", "uid": "601395", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1644187 Tulaczyk, Slawek", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161 -76.9,161.75 -76.9,162.5 -76.9,163.25 -76.9,164 -76.9,164.75 -76.9,165.5 -76.9,166.25 -76.9,167 -76.9,167.75 -76.9,168.5 -76.9,168.5 -77.04,168.5 -77.18,168.5 -77.32,168.5 -77.46,168.5 -77.6,168.5 -77.74,168.5 -77.88,168.5 -78.02,168.5 -78.16,168.5 -78.3,167.75 -78.3,167 -78.3,166.25 -78.3,165.5 -78.3,164.75 -78.3,164 -78.3,163.25 -78.3,162.5 -78.3,161.75 -78.3,161 -78.3,161 -78.16,161 -78.02,161 -77.88,161 -77.74,161 -77.6,161 -77.46,161 -77.32,161 -77.18,161 -77.04,161 -76.9))"], "date_created": "Sat, 12 Sep 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": " The ANTAEM survey was carried out in the period November 12th to 28th, 2018, with the SkyTEM 312 system. Twenty-one missions (flights) were conducted over 11 production days of helicopter service, resulting in a total of approximately ~3400 line km of data. The SkyTEM system records data from take-off until landing resulting in multiple lines converging to the landing pads in McMurdo and at Marble Point. The production without overlapping lines adds up to approximately 2900 line km. The flight speed was approximately 120 km/h at a target flight altitude of ~50 m (sensor height), but the actual sensor height varies depending on the terrain. The surveys were carried out with a Bell 212 helicopter, which carried the SkyTEM sensor as a sling load. The SkyTEM system was configured in a standard two-moment setup (low moment, LM and high moment, HM). Areas with extremely resistive dry and/or frozen sediment/bedrock, and glacier ice often produce EM-signals with amplitudes below the detection level of the system. Data from these low signal environments cannot be inverted into resistivity models. Data with strong induced polarization effects cannot be inverted for resistivity either. These data were discharged in this standard data delivery. \r\n The EM-data and inversion result (resistivity models) are delivered in the SkyTEM2018_dat.xyz and SkyTEM2018_inv.xyz files respectably. The RECORD number in the two files links data and model together. EM-data and data uncertainty for data entering inversion. Info stated in file Header: NAN value, Data unit, Coordinate system, Gate times. The SkyTEM system uses at High-Low moment data recording cycle, therefore only a subset of the total 40 time gates are preset for each moment. The standard lateral constraints inversion (LCI), delivered in the SkyTEM2018_inv.xyz file, was carried out with a smooth 30 layered resistivity model discretized to a depth of 500 m. A depth of investigation (DOI) was estimated for each resistivity model.\r\n", "east": 168.5, "geometry": ["POINT(164.75 -77.6)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Dry Valleys; Hydrology; Ice Shelf; Mcmurdo; Permafrost", "locations": "Mcmurdo; Dry Valleys; Antarctica", "north": -76.9, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Tulaczyk, Slawek", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Antarctic Airborne ElectroMagnetics (ANTAEM) - Revealing Subsurface Water in Coastal Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010129", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Antarctic Airborne ElectroMagnetics (ANTAEM) - Revealing Subsurface Water in Coastal Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.3, "title": "ANTAEM project airborne EM resistivity data from McMurdo Region", "uid": "601373", "west": 161.0}, {"awards": "0636724 Blankenship, Donald; 1543452 Blankenship, Donald; 0733025 Blankenship, Donald; 1443690 Young, Duncan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((80 -65,89 -65,98 -65,107 -65,116 -65,125 -65,134 -65,143 -65,152 -65,161 -65,170 -65,170 -66.5,170 -68,170 -69.5,170 -71,170 -72.5,170 -74,170 -75.5,170 -77,170 -78.5,170 -80,161 -80,152 -80,143 -80,134 -80,125 -80,116 -80,107 -80,98 -80,89 -80,80 -80,80 -78.5,80 -77,80 -75.5,80 -74,80 -72.5,80 -71,80 -69.5,80 -68,80 -66.5,80 -65))"], "date_created": "Mon, 24 Aug 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The International Collaborative Exploration of the Cryosphere though Airborne Profiling (ICECAP) collected five seasons of aerogeophysical data data through the NSFs International Polar Year and NASAs Operation Ice Bridge programs in East Antarctica, using the coherent HiCARS 60 MHz radar system. By comparing echo strengths for different focusing apertures, and accounting for the ranges and angles involved, we can derive the \"specularity content\" of the bed echo, a proxy for small scale bed roughness and a good indicator for subglacial water pressure in regions of distributed subglacial water (Schroeder et al., 2014, IEEE GRSL, 10.1109/LGRS.2014.2337878; IEEE; Dow et al., 2019, EPSL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115961). Specularity data are inherently noisy, so these products have been smoothed with a 1 km filter.", "east": 170.0, "geometry": ["POINT(125 -72.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; East Antarctica; ICECAP; Ice Penetrating Radar; Radar Echo Sounder; Radar Echo Sounding; Subglacial Hydrology", "locations": "East Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -65.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Young, Duncan A.; Blankenship, Donald D.; Roberts, Jason; Siegert, Martin; van Ommen, Tas; Greenbaum, Jamin; Schroeder, Dustin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Southern Plateau Ice-sheet Characterization and Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (SPICECAP); Collaborative Research: Synthesis of Thwaites Glacier Dynamics: Diagnostic and Prognostic Sensitivity Studies of a West Antarctic Outlet System; East Antarctic Grounding Line Experiment (EAGLE); IPY Research: Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000254", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "East Antarctic Grounding Line Experiment (EAGLE)"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000174", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Synthesis of Thwaites Glacier Dynamics: Diagnostic and Prognostic Sensitivity Studies of a West Antarctic Outlet System"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010115", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Southern Plateau Ice-sheet Characterization and Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (SPICECAP)"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000719", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "IPY Research: Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "ICECAP Basal Interface Specularity Content Profiles: IPY and OIB", "uid": "601371", "west": 80.0}, {"awards": "1043167 White, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"], "date_created": "Mon, 27 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The original water stable isotope data for the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core was generated under the University of Colorado INSTAAR Stable Isotope Lab (NSF Award# 1443328). This data set contains high-resolution dD and d18O data for the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Ice core. Drilling was initiated in 2006 and completed in 2011, and subsequent analyses on the ice were performed at the University of Colorado INSTAAR Stable Isotope Lab using Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA), completed in 2015 and described in Jones et al. (2017). The targeted resampling of the WAIS Divide Ice core (1035.4 to 1368.2 m) was completed in 2019 (NSF OPP - Antarctic Glaciology 1807522) to replace data analyzed on an older generation Laser Absorption Spectroscopy instrument. The resampling interval was identified using information theory (Garland and Jones et al. 2018). \r\n", "east": -112.1115, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Delta 18O; Isotope; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "WAIS Divide; West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica", "north": -79.481, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Jones, Tyler R.; Morris, Valerie; Garland, Joshua; Vaughn, Bruce; White, James", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Stable Isotopes of Ice in the Transition and Glacial Sections of the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000078", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Stable Isotopes of Ice in the Transition and Glacial Sections of the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.481, "title": "Resampling of Deep Polar Ice Cores using Information Theory", "uid": "601365", "west": -112.1115}, {"awards": "0338137 Anderson, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-76 -45.5,-75.2 -45.5,-74.4 -45.5,-73.6 -45.5,-72.8 -45.5,-72 -45.5,-71.2 -45.5,-70.4 -45.5,-69.6 -45.5,-68.8 -45.5,-68 -45.5,-68 -46.43,-68 -47.36,-68 -48.29,-68 -49.22,-68 -50.15,-68 -51.08,-68 -52.01,-68 -52.94,-68 -53.87,-68 -54.8,-68.8 -54.8,-69.6 -54.8,-70.4 -54.8,-71.2 -54.8,-72 -54.8,-72.8 -54.8,-73.6 -54.8,-74.4 -54.8,-75.2 -54.8,-76 -54.8,-76 -53.87,-76 -52.94,-76 -52.01,-76 -51.08,-76 -50.15,-76 -49.22,-76 -48.29,-76 -47.36,-76 -46.43,-76 -45.5))"], "date_created": "Fri, 17 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Excel file with station names, location and water depth and description of the coring device for NBP0505.", "east": -68.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-72 -50.15)"], "keywords": "Chile; Fjord; Marine Geoscience; NBP0505; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Sediment Core; Sediment Corer; Station List", "locations": "Chile; Chile", "north": -45.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Wellner, Julia; Anderson, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Controls on Sediment Yields from Tidewater Glaciers from Patagonia to Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000821", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Controls on Sediment Yields from Tidewater Glaciers from Patagonia to Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -54.8, "title": "NBP0505 sediment core locations", "uid": "601362", "west": -76.0}, {"awards": "0338137 Anderson, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-76 -45.5,-75.2 -45.5,-74.4 -45.5,-73.6 -45.5,-72.8 -45.5,-72 -45.5,-71.2 -45.5,-70.4 -45.5,-69.6 -45.5,-68.8 -45.5,-68 -45.5,-68 -46.43,-68 -47.36,-68 -48.29,-68 -49.22,-68 -50.15,-68 -51.08,-68 -52.01,-68 -52.94,-68 -53.87,-68 -54.8,-68.8 -54.8,-69.6 -54.8,-70.4 -54.8,-71.2 -54.8,-72 -54.8,-72.8 -54.8,-73.6 -54.8,-74.4 -54.8,-75.2 -54.8,-76 -54.8,-76 -53.87,-76 -52.94,-76 -52.01,-76 -51.08,-76 -50.15,-76 -49.22,-76 -48.29,-76 -47.36,-76 -46.43,-76 -45.5))"], "date_created": "Fri, 17 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Raw CTD data from expedition NBP0505 collected with the Aanderaa and Seacat CTD systems", "east": -68.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-72 -50.15)"], "keywords": "Chile; CTD; CTD Data; Depth; Fjord; NBP0505; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; Temperature", "locations": "Chile", "north": -45.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Wellner, Julia; Anderson, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Controls on Sediment Yields from Tidewater Glaciers from Patagonia to Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000821", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Controls on Sediment Yields from Tidewater Glaciers from Patagonia to Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -54.8, "title": "NBP0505 CTD data", "uid": "601363", "west": -76.0}, {"awards": "0839039 Kustka, Adam; 0538148 Huber, Bruce", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((172 -71,172.1 -71,172.2 -71,172.3 -71,172.4 -71,172.5 -71,172.6 -71,172.7 -71,172.8 -71,172.9 -71,173 -71,173 -71.1,173 -71.2,173 -71.3,173 -71.4,173 -71.5,173 -71.6,173 -71.7,173 -71.8,173 -71.9,173 -72,172.9 -72,172.8 -72,172.7 -72,172.6 -72,172.5 -72,172.4 -72,172.3 -72,172.2 -72,172.1 -72,172 -72,172 -71.9,172 -71.8,172 -71.7,172 -71.6,172 -71.5,172 -71.4,172 -71.3,172 -71.2,172 -71.1,172 -71))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a CurrentMeter during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1101 conducted in 2011 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Josh Kohut; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Temperature, Current Measurement, and Salinity data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Ross Sea Expedition, and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT08-39039.", "east": 173.0, "geometry": ["POINT(172.5 -71.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Mooring; NBP1101; Ross Sea; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Ross Sea", "north": -71.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Huber, Bruce; Gordon, Arnold", "project_titles": "Cape Adare Long-term Mooring (CALM); Collaborate Research:Modified Circumpolar Deep Water Intrusions as an Iron Source to the Summer Ross Sea Ecosystem", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000838", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Cape Adare Long-term Mooring (CALM)"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000843", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborate Research:Modified Circumpolar Deep Water Intrusions as an Iron Source to the Summer Ross Sea Ecosystem"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -72.0, "title": "Processed CurrentMeter Data from the Adare Basin near Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1101 ", "uid": "601343", "west": 172.0}, {"awards": "0087401 Smith, Walker", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -76,-179.6 -76,-179.2 -76,-178.8 -76,-178.4 -76,-178 -76,-177.6 -76,-177.2 -76,-176.8 -76,-176.4 -76,-176 -76,-176 -76.2,-176 -76.4,-176 -76.6,-176 -76.8,-176 -77,-176 -77.2,-176 -77.4,-176 -77.6,-176 -77.8,-176 -78,-176.4 -78,-176.8 -78,-177.2 -78,-177.6 -78,-178 -78,-178.4 -78,-178.8 -78,-179.2 -78,-179.6 -78,180 -78,178.5 -78,177 -78,175.5 -78,174 -78,172.5 -78,171 -78,169.5 -78,168 -78,166.5 -78,165 -78,165 -77.8,165 -77.6,165 -77.4,165 -77.2,165 -77,165 -76.8,165 -76.6,165 -76.4,165 -76.2,165 -76,166.5 -76,168 -76,169.5 -76,171 -76,172.5 -76,174 -76,175.5 -76,177 -76,178.5 -76,-180 -76))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a Niskin Bottle Fluid Sampler during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601A conducted in 2006 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Walker Smith). The data files are in XLS format and include Fluid Chemistry data that has not been processed. The data was acquired as part of the project called Interannual Variability in the Antarctic - Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients.", "east": -176.0, "geometry": ["POINT(174.5 -77)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Fluid Chemistry Data; Mooring; NBP0601A; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Seawater Measurements; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -76.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Asper, Vernon; Smith, Walker", "project_titles": "Interannual Variability in the Antarctic-Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients and Seasonal Production", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000803", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Interannual Variability in the Antarctic-Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients and Seasonal Production"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Processed Fluid Chemistry Data from the Ross Sea acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601A", "uid": "601341", "west": 165.0}, {"awards": "0338097 DiTullio, Giacomo; 0338157 Smith, Walker", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -76,-179.7 -76,-179.4 -76,-179.1 -76,-178.8 -76,-178.5 -76,-178.2 -76,-177.9 -76,-177.6 -76,-177.3 -76,-177 -76,-177 -76.2,-177 -76.4,-177 -76.6,-177 -76.8,-177 -77,-177 -77.2,-177 -77.4,-177 -77.6,-177 -77.8,-177 -78,-177.3 -78,-177.6 -78,-177.9 -78,-178.2 -78,-178.5 -78,-178.8 -78,-179.1 -78,-179.4 -78,-179.7 -78,180 -78,178.5 -78,177 -78,175.5 -78,174 -78,172.5 -78,171 -78,169.5 -78,168 -78,166.5 -78,165 -78,165 -77.8,165 -77.6,165 -77.4,165 -77.2,165 -77,165 -76.8,165 -76.6,165 -76.4,165 -76.2,165 -76,166.5 -76,168 -76,169.5 -76,171 -76,172.5 -76,174 -76,175.5 -76,177 -76,178.5 -76,-180 -76))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a Niskin Bottle Fluid Sampler during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601 conducted in 2005 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Giacomo DiTullio). The data files are in XLS format and include Fluid Chemistry data that have been processed. The data was acquired as part of the project called Interaction of iron, light and CO2 on phytoplankton community dynamics in the Ross Sea. Funding was provided by NSF grants: ANT03-38097, ANT03-38157, ANT03-38164, and ANT03-38350.\r\n", "east": -177.0, "geometry": ["POINT(174 -77)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Fluid Chemistry Data; Geochemistry; NBP0601; Niskin Bottle; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Southern Ocean; Water Measurements", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Ross Sea; Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -76.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "DiTullio, Giacomo; Smith, Walker", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Interactive Effects of Iron, Light and Carbon Dioxide on Phytoplankton Community Dynamics in the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000540", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Interactive Effects of Iron, Light and Carbon Dioxide on Phytoplankton Community Dynamics in the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Processed Fluid Chemistry Data from the Ross Sea acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601", "uid": "601340", "west": 165.0}, {"awards": "1443386 Emslie, Steven", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -61.130769444,-180 -62.261538888,-180 -63.392308332,-180 -64.523077776,-180 -65.65384722,-180 -66.784616664,-180 -67.915386108,-180 -69.046155552,-180 -70.176924996,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,180 -71.30769444,179.019305556 -71.30769444,178.038611112 -71.30769444,177.057916668 -71.30769444,176.077222224 -71.30769444,175.09652778 -71.30769444,174.115833336 -71.30769444,173.135138892 -71.30769444,172.154444448 -71.30769444,171.173750004 -71.30769444,170.19305556 -71.30769444,170.19305556 -70.176924996,170.19305556 -69.046155552,170.19305556 -67.915386108,170.19305556 -66.784616664,170.19305556 -65.65384722,170.19305556 -64.523077776,170.19305556 -63.392308332,170.19305556 -62.261538888,170.19305556 -61.130769444,170.19305556 -60,171.173750004 -60,172.154444448 -60,173.135138892 -60,174.115833336 -60,175.09652778 -60,176.077222224 -60,177.057916668 -60,178.038611112 -60,179.019305556 -60,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 02 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "We report new discoveries and radiocarbon dates on active and abandoned Ad\u00e9lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colonies at Cape Adare, Antarctica. This colony, first established at approximately 2000 BP (calendar years before present, i.e. 1950), is currently the largest for this species with approximately 338 000 breeding pairs, most located on lowlying Ridley Beach. We hypothesize that this colony first formed after fast ice began blocking open-water access by breeding penguins to the Scott Coast in the southern Ross Sea during a cooling period also at approximately 2000 BP. Our results suggest that the new colony at Cape Adare continued to grow, expanding to a large upper terrace above Ridley Beach, until it exceeded approximately 500 000 breeding pairs (a \u0027supercolony\u0027) by approximately 1200 BP. The high marine productivity associated with the Ross Sea polynya and continental shelf break supported this growth, but the colony collapsed to its present size for unknown reasons after approximately 1200 BP. Ridley Beach will probably be abandoned in the near future due to rising sea level in this region. We predict that penguins will retreat to higher elevations at Cape Adare and that the Scott Coast will be reoccupied by breeding penguins as fast ice continues to dissipate earlier each summer, restoring open-water access to beaches there.", "east": 170.19305556, "geometry": ["POINT(175.09652778 -65.65384722)"], "keywords": "Adelie Penguin; Antarctica; Biota; Cape Adare; East Antarctica; Population Movement; Pygoscelis Adeliae; Radiocarbon; Ross Sea; Sea Level Rise; Stable Isotopes", "locations": "East Antarctica; Ross Sea; Cape Adare; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "McKenzie, Ashley; Patterson, William; Emslie, Steven", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010047", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -71.30769444, "title": "The rise and fall of an ancient Adelie penguin \u0027supercolony\u0027 at Cape Adare, Antarctica", "uid": "601327", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1807522 Jones, Tyler", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"], "date_created": "Tue, 26 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The original water stable isotope data for the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core was generated under the University of Colorado INSTAAR Stable Isotope Lab (NSF Award# 1443328). This data set contains high-resolution dD and d18O data for the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Ice core. Drilling was initiated in 2006 and completed in 2011, and subsequent analyses on the ice were performed at the University of Colorado INSTAAR Stable Isotope Lab using Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA). The targeted resampling of the WAIS Divide Ice core (1035.4 - 1368.2m) occurred for this grant (NSF OPP - Antarctic Glaciology 1807522) to replace data analyzed on an older generation Laser Absorption Spectroscopy instrument. The resampling interval was identified using information theory.", "east": -112.1115, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Delta 18O; Delta Deuterium; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Records; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; WAIS Divide Ice Core; Water Isotopes; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica", "north": -79.481, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Morris, Valerie; Jones, Tyler R.; Vaughn, Bruce; White, James", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Targeted resampling of deep polar ice cores using information theory", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010100", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Targeted resampling of deep polar ice cores using information theory"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.481, "title": "Mid-Holocene high-resolution water isotope time series for the WAIS Divide ice core", "uid": "601326", "west": -112.1115}, {"awards": "1043623 Miller, Scott", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -57,-169.5 -57,-159 -57,-148.5 -57,-138 -57,-127.5 -57,-117 -57,-106.5 -57,-96 -57,-85.5 -57,-75 -57,-75 -59.1,-75 -61.2,-75 -63.3,-75 -65.4,-75 -67.5,-75 -69.6,-75 -71.7,-75 -73.8,-75 -75.9,-75 -78,-85.5 -78,-96 -78,-106.5 -78,-117 -78,-127.5 -78,-138 -78,-148.5 -78,-159 -78,-169.5 -78,180 -78,178.3 -78,176.6 -78,174.9 -78,173.2 -78,171.5 -78,169.8 -78,168.1 -78,166.4 -78,164.7 -78,163 -78,163 -75.9,163 -73.8,163 -71.7,163 -69.6,163 -67.5,163 -65.4,163 -63.3,163 -61.2,163 -59.1,163 -57,164.7 -57,166.4 -57,168.1 -57,169.8 -57,171.5 -57,173.2 -57,174.9 -57,176.6 -57,178.3 -57,-180 -57))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains meteorological and air-sea flux data (momentum, heat, and CO2 fluxes; CO2 gas transfer velocity) collected during the the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1210 conducted in 2013. The files are of XLS format", "east": -75.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-136 -67.5)"], "keywords": "Air-Sea Flux; Air Temperature; Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Atmosphere; CO2; Flux; Meteorology; NBP1210; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Southern Ocean; Water Temperature; Wind Direction; Wind Speed", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Amundsen Sea; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -57.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Miller, Scott; Butterworth, Brian", "project_titles": "Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010137", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Eddy covariance air-sea momentum, heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes in the Southern Ocean from the N.B. Palmer cruise NBP1210", "uid": "601309", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "1043623 Miller, Scott", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((117.5 -47,120.35 -47,123.2 -47,126.05 -47,128.9 -47,131.75 -47,134.6 -47,137.45 -47,140.3 -47,143.15 -47,146 -47,146 -49.04,146 -51.08,146 -53.12,146 -55.16,146 -57.2,146 -59.24,146 -61.28,146 -63.32,146 -65.36,146 -67.4,143.15 -67.4,140.3 -67.4,137.45 -67.4,134.6 -67.4,131.75 -67.4,128.9 -67.4,126.05 -67.4,123.2 -67.4,120.35 -67.4,117.5 -67.4,117.5 -65.36,117.5 -63.32,117.5 -61.28,117.5 -59.24,117.5 -57.2,117.5 -55.16,117.5 -53.12,117.5 -51.08,117.5 -49.04,117.5 -47))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains meteorological and air-sea flux data (momentum, heat, and CO2 fluxes; CO2 gas transfer velocity) collected during the the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1402 conducted in 2014. The files are of XLS format.", "east": 146.0, "geometry": ["POINT(131.75 -57.2)"], "keywords": "Air-Sea Flux; Air Temperature; Antarctica; Atmosphere; CO2; CO2 Concentrations; East Antarctica; Flux; Meteorology; NBP1402; Oceans; Relative Humidity; Salinity; Totten Glacier; Water Measurements; Water Temperature; Weather Station Data; Wind Direction; Wind Speed", "locations": "East Antarctica; Totten Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -47.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Miller, Scott; Butterworth, Brian", "project_titles": "Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010137", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.4, "title": "Eddy covariance air-sea momentum, heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes in the Southern Ocean from the N.B. Palmer cruise NBP1402", "uid": "601308", "west": 117.5}, {"awards": "1558448 Girton, James; 1341496 Girton, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-65 -62,-64.55 -62,-64.1 -62,-63.65 -62,-63.2 -62,-62.75 -62,-62.3 -62,-61.85 -62,-61.4 -62,-60.95 -62,-60.5 -62,-60.5 -62.35,-60.5 -62.7,-60.5 -63.05,-60.5 -63.4,-60.5 -63.75,-60.5 -64.1,-60.5 -64.45,-60.5 -64.8,-60.5 -65.15,-60.5 -65.5,-60.95 -65.5,-61.4 -65.5,-61.85 -65.5,-62.3 -65.5,-62.75 -65.5,-63.2 -65.5,-63.65 -65.5,-64.1 -65.5,-64.55 -65.5,-65 -65.5,-65 -65.15,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.45,-65 -64.1,-65 -63.75,-65 -63.4,-65 -63.05,-65 -62.7,-65 -62.35,-65 -62))"], "date_created": "Thu, 30 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a Nikon Camera on a towed YoYo camera platform during R/V Laurence M. Gould expedition LMG1703 conducted in 2017. The data are on Jpeg format", "east": -60.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.75 -63.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Benthic Images; Benthos; Biota; LMG1708; Oceans; Photo; Photo/video; Photo/Video; R/v Laurence M. Gould; Ship; Yoyo Camera", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Girton, James", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Pathways of Circumpolar Deep Water to West Antarctica from Profiling Float and Satellite Measurements", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010074", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Pathways of Circumpolar Deep Water to West Antarctica from Profiling Float and Satellite Measurements"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.5, "title": "Bottom Photographs from the Antarctic Peninsula acquired during R/V Laurence M. Gould expedition LMG1703", "uid": "601302", "west": -65.0}, {"awards": "1341464 Robinson, Rebecca; 1341432 Brzezinski, Mark", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-175 -54,-174 -54,-173 -54,-172 -54,-171 -54,-170 -54,-169 -54,-168 -54,-167 -54,-166 -54,-165 -54,-165 -55.3,-165 -56.6,-165 -57.9,-165 -59.2,-165 -60.5,-165 -61.8,-165 -63.1,-165 -64.4,-165 -65.7,-165 -67,-166 -67,-167 -67,-168 -67,-169 -67,-170 -67,-171 -67,-172 -67,-173 -67,-174 -67,-175 -67,-175 -65.7,-175 -64.4,-175 -63.1,-175 -61.8,-175 -60.5,-175 -59.2,-175 -57.9,-175 -56.6,-175 -55.3,-175 -54))"], "date_created": "Thu, 09 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains profiles of water column particulate organic carbon (POC), total particulate nitrogen (TPN), biogenic silica, and d15N of TPN from McLane pump casts (4 depths/cast).", "east": -165.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-170 -60.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biogenic Silica; Nitrogen Isotopes; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -54.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Robinson, Rebecca; Brzezinski, Mark", "project_titles": "Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010083", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "Particle composition measurements from along 170\u00b0W between 67-54\u00b0S", "uid": "601276", "west": -175.0}, {"awards": "1142158 Cheng, Chi-Hing; 0231006 DeVries, Arthur", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -76.5,163.5 -76.5,164 -76.5,164.5 -76.5,165 -76.5,165.5 -76.5,166 -76.5,166.5 -76.5,167 -76.5,167.5 -76.5,168 -76.5,168 -76.63,168 -76.76,168 -76.89,168 -77.02,168 -77.15,168 -77.28,168 -77.41,168 -77.54,168 -77.67,168 -77.8,167.5 -77.8,167 -77.8,166.5 -77.8,166 -77.8,165.5 -77.8,165 -77.8,164.5 -77.8,164 -77.8,163.5 -77.8,163 -77.8,163 -77.67,163 -77.54,163 -77.41,163 -77.28,163 -77.15,163 -77.02,163 -76.89,163 -76.76,163 -76.63,163 -76.5))"], "date_created": "Wed, 08 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Benthic seawater temperature (within 10cm of the bottom) from near the McMurdo Station, Ross Island, Antarctica saltwater intake jetty. Data collected at two nearby locations: On muddy bottom at base of artificial rock jetty (~25m depth), and ~50m west of the Jetty in sponge/spicule mat habitat (~40m depth).", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165.5 -77.15)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic; Mcmurdo Sound; Mcmurdo Station; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Temperature Probe; Water Temperature", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -76.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Cheng, Chi-Hing; Cziko, Paul; Devries, Arthur", "project_titles": "Antarctic Notothenioid Fish Freeze Avoidance and Genome-wide Evolution for Life in the Cold", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010091", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Notothenioid Fish Freeze Avoidance and Genome-wide Evolution for Life in the Cold"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8, "title": "High-resolution benthic seawater temperature record 1999-2012 (25-40m depth) from near intake jetty at McMurdo Station, Antarctica", "uid": "601275", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "1341432 Brzezinski, Mark; 1341464 Robinson, Rebecca", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-175 -54,-174 -54,-173 -54,-172 -54,-171 -54,-170 -54,-169 -54,-168 -54,-167 -54,-166 -54,-165 -54,-165 -55.3,-165 -56.6,-165 -57.9,-165 -59.2,-165 -60.5,-165 -61.8,-165 -63.1,-165 -64.4,-165 -65.7,-165 -67,-166 -67,-167 -67,-168 -67,-169 -67,-170 -67,-171 -67,-172 -67,-173 -67,-174 -67,-175 -67,-175 -65.7,-175 -64.4,-175 -63.1,-175 -61.8,-175 -60.5,-175 -59.2,-175 -57.9,-175 -56.6,-175 -55.3,-175 -54))"], "date_created": "Tue, 31 Mar 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains the water column profiles of dissolved nutrients, NO3, PO4, dissolved Si, biogenic Si, lithogenic Si, chlorophyll and phaeophytin concentrations, and the d15NO3.", "east": -165.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-170 -60.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chlorophyll; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -54.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Robinson, Rebecca; Brzezinski, Mark", "project_titles": "Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010083", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "Dissolved nutrient profiles from along 170\u00b0W between 67 and 54\u00b0S", "uid": "601269", "west": -175.0}, {"awards": "1443471 Koutnik, Michelle", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-98.16 -89.99)"], "date_created": "Wed, 25 Mar 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore), which spans the past 54,300 years, was drilled far from an ice divide such that ice recovered at depth originated upstream of the core site. If the climate is different upstream, the climate history recovered from the core will be a combination of the upstream conditions advected to the core site and temporal changes. Here, we evaluate the impact of ice advection on two fundamental records from SPICEcore: accumulation rate and water isotopes. We determined past locations of ice deposition based on GPS measurements of the modern velocity field spanning 100 km upstream, where ice of ~20 ka age would likely have originated. Beyond 100 km, there are no velocity measurements, but ice likely originates from Titan Dome, an additional 90 km distant. Shallow radar measurements extending 100 km upstream from the core site reveal large (~20%) variations in accumulation but no significant trend. Water isotope ratios, measured at 12.5 km intervals for the first 100 km of the flowline, show a decrease with elevation of -0.008\u2030 m-1 for \u03b418O. Advection adds approximately 1\u2030 for \u03b418O to the LGM-to-modern change. We also use an existing ensemble of continental ice-sheet model runs to assess the ice sheet elevation change through time. The magnitude of elevation change is likely small and the sign uncertain. Assuming a lapse rate of 10\u00b0C per km of elevation, the inference of LGM-to-modern temperature change is ~1.4\u00b0C smaller than if the flow from upstream is not considered. ", "east": -98.16, "geometry": ["POINT(-98.16 -89.99)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Ice Core Data; South Pole; SPICEcore", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -89.99, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Fudge, T. J.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000200", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -89.99, "title": "SPICEcore Advection", "uid": "601266", "west": -98.16}, {"awards": "1143836 Leventer, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((117 -66,119.9 -66,122.8 -66,125.7 -66,128.6 -66,131.5 -66,134.4 -66,137.3 -66,140.2 -66,143.1 -66,146 -66,146 -66.1,146 -66.2,146 -66.3,146 -66.4,146 -66.5,146 -66.6,146 -66.7,146 -66.8,146 -66.9,146 -67,143.1 -67,140.2 -67,137.3 -67,134.4 -67,131.5 -67,128.6 -67,125.7 -67,122.8 -67,119.9 -67,117 -67,117 -66.9,117 -66.8,117 -66.7,117 -66.6,117 -66.5,117 -66.4,117 -66.3,117 -66.2,117 -66.1,117 -66))"], "date_created": "Thu, 27 Feb 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Totten Glacier is the termination of the largest marine-based portion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, the Aurora Subglacial Basin. Yet little is known about the glacial evolution of the catchment and the factors influencing its present and past behavior. Due its remote location and heavy sea ice, the continental shelf in front of the Totten Glacier had not been comprehensively surveyed prior to this study. Satellite observations indicate that the Totten ice drainage system is thinning, and it has been hypothesized that this thinning is in response to undermelting by warm ocean waters over the continental shelf. While this process is observed elsewhere in Antarctica (e.g. the rapidly retreating Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica), the Totten Glacier system is potentially Antarcticas most important glacial drainage system due to its large size; it is three times larger than any system in West Antarctica. \u003c/br\u003eThe main goals of this proposal were: \u003c/br\u003eTo generate multibeam bathymetric maps of the continental shelf proximal to the Totten Glacier system to understand the recent regional glacial history and to document the pathways, if any, for circumpolar deep water to move onto the shelf. \u003c/br\u003eTo conduct a physical oceanographic survey of the region proximal to the Totten Glacier system, to determine the presence, if any, of warm ocean waters over the continental shelf.\u003c/br\u003eTo conduct a seismic survey of the continental shelf to assess the long-term evolution of the glacial system in the Aurora Subglacial Basin.\u003c/br\u003eTo collect marine sediment cores to determine the regional deglacial to Holocene climate history and the influence of warm circumpolar deep water.", "east": 146.0, "geometry": ["POINT(131.5 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Diatom; NBP1402; Totten Glacier", "locations": "Totten Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "NBP1402 science party; Leventer, Amy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000008", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "NBP1402 diatom data", "uid": "601258", "west": 117.0}, {"awards": "1443677 Padman, Laurence", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -68,-175.85 -68,-171.7 -68,-167.55 -68,-163.4 -68,-159.25 -68,-155.1 -68,-150.95 -68,-146.8 -68,-142.65 -68,-138.5 -68,-138.5 -69.7,-138.5 -71.4,-138.5 -73.1,-138.5 -74.8,-138.5 -76.5,-138.5 -78.2,-138.5 -79.9,-138.5 -81.6,-138.5 -83.3,-138.5 -85,-142.65 -85,-146.8 -85,-150.95 -85,-155.1 -85,-159.25 -85,-163.4 -85,-167.55 -85,-171.7 -85,-175.85 -85,180 -85,177.4 -85,174.8 -85,172.2 -85,169.6 -85,167 -85,164.4 -85,161.8 -85,159.2 -85,156.6 -85,154 -85,154 -83.3,154 -81.6,154 -79.9,154 -78.2,154 -76.5,154 -74.8,154 -73.1,154 -71.4,154 -69.7,154 -68,156.6 -68,159.2 -68,161.8 -68,164.4 -68,167 -68,169.6 -68,172.2 -68,174.8 -68,177.4 -68,-180 -68))"], "date_created": "Fri, 14 Feb 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains a regional ocean-ice shelf model used to support and interpret the ROSETTA-Ice field program. A gzipped tar file containing the regional ROMS model code, configuration files, input files, and selected output files. The model simulation covers three years following a ten year spin up. Two sets of output files from the simulation are included. The first is the complete model output (T,S,u,v, etc.) averaged over 30 day intervals. The second is selected variable (T, S, and passive dye tracers) averaged over one day. Included Matlab scripts process these daily passive dye files into water masses and make a simple movie of the time evolution of the water mass distributions. For futher information, see the Supplemental Information of the associated publication (Tinto et al., 2019).\r\n\r\n", "east": 154.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-172.25 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Basal Melt; Ice Shelf; Model Output; Ocean Circulation Model; Ross Ice Shelf; Ross Sea", "locations": "Ross Sea; Ross Sea; Ross Ice Shelf; Antarctica", "north": -68.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Springer, Scott; Howard, Susan L.; Padman, Laurence", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010035", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -85.0, "title": "Ross Sea ocean model simulation used to support ROSETTA-Ice ", "uid": "601255", "west": -138.5}, {"awards": "1644020 Sims, Kenneth W.; 1644027 Wallace, Paul; 1644013 Gaetani, Glenn", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Sat, 08 Feb 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Hut Point Peninsula; Mt. Bird; Mt. Morning; Mt. Terror; Ross Island; Turks Head; Turtle Rock", "locations": "Ross Island; Mt. Morning; Mt. Bird; Mt. Terror; Hut Point Peninsula; Turtle Rock; Turks Head; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Pamukcu, Ayla; Gaetani, Glenn", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010081", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Location and Description of Tephra Samples from the Erebus and Discovery Sub-provinces", "uid": "601250", "west": null}, {"awards": "1443677 Padman, Laurence; 9896041 Padman, Laurence", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -40.231,-144 -40.231,-108 -40.231,-72 -40.231,-36 -40.231,0 -40.231,36 -40.231,72 -40.231,108 -40.231,144 -40.231,180 -40.231,180 -45.2079,180 -50.1848,180 -55.1617,180 -60.1386,180 -65.1155,180 -70.0924,180 -75.0693,180 -80.0462,180 -85.0231,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -85.0231,-180 -80.0462,-180 -75.0693,-180 -70.0924,-180 -65.1155,-180 -60.1386,-180 -55.1617,-180 -50.1848,-180 -45.2079,-180 -40.231))"], "date_created": "Thu, 19 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "CATS2008 is a regional inverse barotropic tide model for the circum-Antarctic ocean on a 4 km grid. The model domain includes ocean cavities under the floating ice shelves. The coastline is based on the MODIS MOA [Scambos et al., 2007; Remote Sensing of Environment] feature identification files, adjusted to match ICESat-derived grounding lines for the Ross and Filchner-Ronne ice shelves and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) grounding lines. The water depth map for open water is based on the 2007 release update to Smith and Sandwell [1997; Science]. Adjustments to this map have been made in various regions, including the open continental shelf in front of the Larsen-C Ice Shelf which has been blended with GEBCO bathymetry.\r\n\nModel type: Tides only; Inverse (data assimilation); barotropic (no vertical variation of currents). \nGrid: 4-km uniform polar stereographic (centered at 71 degrees S, 70 degrees W) \nConstituents: M2, S2, N2, K2, K1, O1, P1, Q1, Mf, Mm. \nUnits: z (sea surface height; meters); u,v (currents; cm/s); U,V (transports; m2/s). \nCoordinates: Currents (u, v) and depth-integrated transports (U, V) are given as East (u, U) and North (v, V) components. \nCitation: \"\u2026 an update to the inverse model described by Padman et al. [2002].\" \n\nSee CATS2008_README.pdf for further details.\r", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Inverse Modeling; Model Data; Ocean Currents; Sea Surface; Tidal Models; Tides", "locations": "Sea Surface; Antarctica", "north": -40.231, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Howard, Susan L.; Padman, Laurence; Erofeeva, Svetlana", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE); Ocean Tides around Antarctica and in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010116", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ocean Tides around Antarctica and in the Southern Ocean"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010035", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "CATS2008: Circum-Antarctic Tidal Simulation version 2008", "uid": "601235", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1341612 Bowser, Samuel", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(163.5117 -77.57623)"], "date_created": "Thu, 05 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Photographs taken from helo operating at 500 ft of the shoreline bounding Explorers Cove in late January, illustrating typical sea ice conditions, extent of shoreline moat, ephemeral snow melt input, nearshore small ponds and tide pools, Commonwealth and Wales Glacier deltas, evaporite deposits, and landslides along the northern/northeastern slopes of Mount Barnes.", "east": 163.5117, "geometry": ["POINT(163.5117 -77.57623)"], "keywords": "Aerial Imagery; Antarctica; Camera; Delta; Freshwater; Helicopter; Moat; Shoreline Survey; Small Ponds; Snow Melt; Tide Pools", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.57623, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Bowser, Samuel; Alexander, Steve", "project_titles": "Assembling and Mining the Genomes of Giant Antarctic Foraminifera", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000004", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Assembling and Mining the Genomes of Giant Antarctic Foraminifera"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.57623, "title": "Aerial survey of Explorers Cove shoreline, late January 2005", "uid": "601229", "west": 163.5117}, {"awards": "1644073 DiTullio, Giacomo", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -72.45,-179.354 -72.45,-178.708 -72.45,-178.062 -72.45,-177.416 -72.45,-176.77 -72.45,-176.124 -72.45,-175.478 -72.45,-174.832 -72.45,-174.186 -72.45,-173.54 -72.45,-173.54 -73.068,-173.54 -73.686,-173.54 -74.304,-173.54 -74.922,-173.54 -75.54,-173.54 -76.158,-173.54 -76.776,-173.54 -77.394,-173.54 -78.012,-173.54 -78.63,-174.186 -78.63,-174.832 -78.63,-175.478 -78.63,-176.124 -78.63,-176.77 -78.63,-177.416 -78.63,-178.062 -78.63,-178.708 -78.63,-179.354 -78.63,180 -78.63,179.818 -78.63,179.636 -78.63,179.454 -78.63,179.272 -78.63,179.09 -78.63,178.908 -78.63,178.726 -78.63,178.544 -78.63,178.362 -78.63,178.18 -78.63,178.18 -78.012,178.18 -77.394,178.18 -76.776,178.18 -76.158,178.18 -75.54,178.18 -74.922,178.18 -74.304,178.18 -73.686,178.18 -73.068,178.18 -72.45,178.362 -72.45,178.544 -72.45,178.726 -72.45,178.908 -72.45,179.09 -72.45,179.272 -72.45,179.454 -72.45,179.636 -72.45,179.818 -72.45,-180 -72.45))"], "date_created": "Wed, 13 Nov 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Biogenic silica concentrations collected from CTD casts during RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise in the Ross Sea, Southern Ocean from December 2017-February 2018", "east": -173.54, "geometry": ["POINT(-177.68 -75.54)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biogenic Silica; Biogenic Silica Concentrations; Chemistry:Water; Geochemistry; NBP1801; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Sea Water; Southern Ocean; Spectroscopy; Water Measurements; Water Samples", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -72.45, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ditullio, Giacomo; Schanke, Nicole", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Cobalamin and Iron Co-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Species in Terra Nova Bay", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010045", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Cobalamin and Iron Co-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Species in Terra Nova Bay"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.63, "title": "Biogenic silica concentrations from the Ross Sea", "uid": "601225", "west": 178.18}, {"awards": "1341339 Baker, Bill", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.03 -64.254,-64.0286 -64.254,-64.0272 -64.254,-64.0258 -64.254,-64.0244 -64.254,-64.023 -64.254,-64.0216 -64.254,-64.0202 -64.254,-64.0188 -64.254,-64.0174 -64.254,-64.016 -64.254,-64.016 -64.2543,-64.016 -64.2546,-64.016 -64.2549,-64.016 -64.2552,-64.016 -64.2555,-64.016 -64.2558,-64.016 -64.2561,-64.016 -64.2564,-64.016 -64.2567,-64.016 -64.257,-64.0174 -64.257,-64.0188 -64.257,-64.0202 -64.257,-64.0216 -64.257,-64.023 -64.257,-64.0244 -64.257,-64.0258 -64.257,-64.0272 -64.257,-64.0286 -64.257,-64.03 -64.257,-64.03 -64.2567,-64.03 -64.2564,-64.03 -64.2561,-64.03 -64.2558,-64.03 -64.2555,-64.03 -64.2552,-64.03 -64.2549,-64.03 -64.2546,-64.03 -64.2543,-64.03 -64.254))"], "date_created": "Wed, 09 Oct 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Samples of the red alga Plocamium cartilagineum were collected from the area around Palmer Station, Antarctica, and characterized by gas chromatography for their secondary metabolite content. Patterns in secondary metabolite content were used to establish chemical phenotypes (chemotypes).", "east": -64.016, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.023 -64.2555)"], "keywords": "Algae; Antarctica; Biota; Chemical Ecology; Chemotyping; Halogenated Monoterpenes; Natural Products; Oceans; Palmer Station; Plocamium Cartilagineum; Southern Ocean; Terpenes", "locations": "Palmer Station; Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Palmer Station", "north": -64.254, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Baker, Bill", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.257, "title": "Plocamium cartilagineum field chemotyping", "uid": "601215", "west": -64.03}, {"awards": "9714371 Leventer, Amy; 0732625 Leventer, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64 -63,-63.1 -63,-62.2 -63,-61.3 -63,-60.4 -63,-59.5 -63,-58.6 -63,-57.7 -63,-56.8 -63,-55.9 -63,-55 -63,-55 -63.4,-55 -63.8,-55 -64.2,-55 -64.6,-55 -65,-55 -65.4,-55 -65.8,-55 -66.2,-55 -66.6,-55 -67,-55.9 -67,-56.8 -67,-57.7 -67,-58.6 -67,-59.5 -67,-60.4 -67,-61.3 -67,-62.2 -67,-63.1 -67,-64 -67,-64 -66.6,-64 -66.2,-64 -65.8,-64 -65.4,-64 -65,-64 -64.6,-64 -64.2,-64 -63.8,-64 -63.4,-64 -63))"], "date_created": "Mon, 16 Sep 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Diatom data from eastern side of Antarctic Peninsula:\r\n\r\nThis file includes quantitative diatom data for surface samples collected on numerous cruises to the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula, including NBP0003, NBP0107, LMG0502, NBP0603, and NBP1203. Samples were collected using a variety of tools including Smith-McIntyre Grab, Kasten Core and Jumbo Kasten Core. These data were generated by Amy Leventer (aleventer@colgate.edu) and undergraduate students at Colgate University. All questions regarding the specifics of these data should be directed to Amy Leventer. \r\n\r\nQuantitative diatom slides were prepared according to the settling technique of Scherer (1995). Cover slips were adhered to the slides using Norland Optical Adhesive #61. Slides were observed under Olympus CX31, BX50 and BX60, and Zeiss Primo Star light microscopes, using a 100X oil immersion objective for a total magnification of 1000X. A minimum of 400 valves or 10 transects was counted for each slide, depending on the absolute diatom abundance. Valves were only counted if \u003e50% complete. Diatoms were identified to species level when possible (Crosta et al., 2005; Armand et al., 2005; Cefarelli et al., 2010).\r\n\r\nArmand, L.K., X. Crosta, O. Romero, J. J. Pichon (2005), The biogeography of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean sediments: 1. Sea ice related species, Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 223, 93-126. \r\n\r\nCefarelli, A.O., M. E. Ferrario, G. O. Almandoz, A. G. Atencio, R. Akselman, M. Vernet (2010), Diversity of the diatom genus Fragilariopsis in the Argentine Sea and Antarctic waters: morphology, distribution and abundance, Polar Biology, 33(2), 1463-1484. \r\n\r\nCrosta, X., O. Romero, L. K. Armand, J. Pichon (2005), The biogeography of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean sediments: 2. Open ocean related species, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 223, 66-92. \r\n\r\nScherer, R. P., A new method for the determination of absolute abundance of diatoms and other silt-sized sedimentary particles, J. Paleolimnol., 12, 171\u2013178, 1995.\r\n", "east": -55.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-59.5 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Benthos; Biota; Diatom; Geology/Geophysics - Other; LMG0502; Marine Geoscience; Marine Sediments; Microscope; NBP0003; NBP0107; NBP0603; NBP1203; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Surface Sediment", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Leventer, Amy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -67.0, "title": "Easten Antarctic Peninsula Surface Sediment Diatom Data", "uid": "601211", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "1443386 Emslie, Steven; 1443424 McMahon, Kelton; 1826712 McMahon, Kelton; 1443585 Polito, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-63 -60,-62.1 -60,-61.2 -60,-60.3 -60,-59.4 -60,-58.5 -60,-57.6 -60,-56.7 -60,-55.8 -60,-54.9 -60,-54 -60,-54 -60.4,-54 -60.8,-54 -61.2,-54 -61.6,-54 -62,-54 -62.4,-54 -62.8,-54 -63.2,-54 -63.6,-54 -64,-54.9 -64,-55.8 -64,-56.7 -64,-57.6 -64,-58.5 -64,-59.4 -64,-60.3 -64,-61.2 -64,-62.1 -64,-63 -64,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.2,-63 -62.8,-63 -62.4,-63 -62,-63 -61.6,-63 -61.2,-63 -60.8,-63 -60.4,-63 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 13 Sep 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains measurements of carbon (\u03b413C) and nitrogen (\u03b415N) stable isotope values of whole-body Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) collected from trawl surveys of waters surrounding the South Shetland Islands and the northern Antarctic Peninsula during the 2006-07 and 2008-90 Austral summers. Stable isotope analyses were conducted using an elemental analyzer coupled to a continuous flow stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Individual krill were lipid-extracted prior to analyses. The data set also includes latitude, longitude, month, and year of sample collection, standard length of the krill to the nearest mm, age class, sex, and carbon to nitrogen ratios. Details of the data set and all relevant methods are provided in Polito et al., 2013 and Polito et al., 2019.", "east": -54.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-58.5 -62)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Krill; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Carbon Isotopes; Isotope Data; Krill; Nitrogen Isotopes; Oceans; Southern Ocean; Stable Isotope Analysis", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Polito, Michael", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010047", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.0, "title": "Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of Antarctic Krill from the South Shetland Islands and the northern Antarctic Peninsula 2007 and 2009", "uid": "601210", "west": -63.0}, {"awards": "1443336 Osterberg, Erich", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-180 -90)"], "date_created": "Thu, 29 Aug 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) was drilled in 2014-2016 to provide a detailed multi-proxy archive of paleoclimate conditions in East Antarctica during the Holocene and late Pleistocene. Interpretation of these records requires an accurate depth-age relationship. Here, we present the SP19 timescale for the age of the ice of SPICEcore. SP19 is synchronized to the WD2014 chronology from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS Divide) ice core using stratigraphic matching of 251 volcanic events. These events indicate an age of 54,302 +/- 519 years BP (before the year 1950) at the bottom of SPICEcore. Annual layers identified in sodium and magnesium ions to 11,341 BP were used to interpolate between stratigraphic volcanic tie points, yielding an annually-resolved chronology through the Holocene. Estimated timescale uncertainty during the Holocene is less than 18 years relative to WD2014, with the exception of the interval between 1800 to 3100 BP when uncertainty estimates reach +/- 25 years due to widely spaced volcanic tie points. Prior to the Holocene, uncertainties remain within 124 years relative to WD2014. Results show an average Holocene accumulation rate of 7.4 cm/yr (water equivalent). The time variability of accumulation rate is consistent with expectations for steady-state ice flow through the modern spatial pattern of accumulation rate. Time variations in nitrate concentration, nitrate seasonal amplitude, and \u03b415N of N2 in turn are as expected for the accumulation-rate variations. The highly variable yet well-constrained Holocene accumulation history at the site can help improve scientific understanding of deposition-sensitive climate proxies such as \u03b415N of N2 and photolyzed chemical compounds.", "east": -180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-180 -90)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Calcium (ca); Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Depth; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciochemistry; Glaciology; Ice; Ice Core; Ice Core Chemistry; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Records; Ice Core Stratigraphy; Nitrate; Nitrogen Isotopes; Paleoclimate; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; South Pole; SPICEcore", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Winski, Dominic A.; Fudge, T. J.; Dunbar, Nelia; Buizert, Christo; Bay, Ryan; Souney, Joseph Jr.; Sigl, Michael; McConnell, Joseph; Fegyveresi, John; Cole-Dai, Jihong; Thundercloud, Zayta; Cox, Thomas S.; Kreutz, Karl; Epifanio, Jenna; Ortman, Nikolas; Brook, Edward J.; Beaudette, Ross; Sowers, Todd A.; Steig, Eric J.; Morris, Valerie; Kahle, Emma; Ferris, David G.; Aydin, Murat; Nicewonger, Melinda R.; Casey, Kimberly A.; Alley, Richard; Waddington, Edwin D.; Osterberg, Erich; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Jones, Tyler R.; Iverson, Nels", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: South Pole Ice Core Chronology and Climate Records using Chemical and Microparticle Measurements", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010051", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: South Pole Ice Core Chronology and Climate Records using Chemical and Microparticle Measurements"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) chronology and supporting data", "uid": "601206", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1644073 DiTullio, Giacomo", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -72.448188333,-179.35369 -72.448188333,-178.70738 -72.448188333,-178.06107 -72.448188333,-177.41476 -72.448188333,-176.76845 -72.448188333,-176.12214 -72.448188333,-175.47583 -72.448188333,-174.82952 -72.448188333,-174.18321 -72.448188333,-173.5369 -72.448188333,-173.5369 -73.0663094997,-173.5369 -73.6844306664,-173.5369 -74.3025518331,-173.5369 -74.9206729998,-173.5369 -75.5387941665,-173.5369 -76.1569153332,-173.5369 -76.7750364999,-173.5369 -77.3931576666,-173.5369 -78.0112788333,-173.5369 -78.6294,-174.18321 -78.6294,-174.82952 -78.6294,-175.47583 -78.6294,-176.12214 -78.6294,-176.76845 -78.6294,-177.41476 -78.6294,-178.06107 -78.6294,-178.70738 -78.6294,-179.35369 -78.6294,180 -78.6294,179.818135 -78.6294,179.63627 -78.6294,179.454405 -78.6294,179.27254 -78.6294,179.090675 -78.6294,178.90881 -78.6294,178.726945 -78.6294,178.54508 -78.6294,178.363215 -78.6294,178.18135 -78.6294,178.18135 -78.0112788333,178.18135 -77.3931576666,178.18135 -76.7750364999,178.18135 -76.1569153332,178.18135 -75.5387941665,178.18135 -74.9206729998,178.18135 -74.3025518331,178.18135 -73.6844306664,178.18135 -73.0663094997,178.18135 -72.448188333,178.363215 -72.448188333,178.54508 -72.448188333,178.726945 -72.448188333,178.90881 -72.448188333,179.090675 -72.448188333,179.27254 -72.448188333,179.454405 -72.448188333,179.63627 -72.448188333,179.818135 -72.448188333,-180 -72.448188333))"], "date_created": "Tue, 27 Aug 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Algal pigment concentrations as measured by HPLC from RV/IB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise in the Ross Sea from 2017-2018", "east": -173.5369, "geometry": ["POINT(-177.677775 -75.5387941665)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Chlorophyll; Chromatography; Liquid Chromatograph; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Sea Water; Seawater Measurements; Southern Ocean; Water Measurements; Water Samples", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -72.448188333, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ditullio, Giacomo", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Cobalamin and Iron Co-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Species in Terra Nova Bay", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010045", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Cobalamin and Iron Co-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Species in Terra Nova Bay"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.6294, "title": "Algal pigment concentrations from the Ross Sea", "uid": "601205", "west": 178.18135}, {"awards": "1144176 Lyons, W. Berry", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162.250099 -77.719928,162.2519358 -77.719928,162.2537726 -77.719928,162.2556094 -77.719928,162.2574462 -77.719928,162.259283 -77.719928,162.2611198 -77.719928,162.2629566 -77.719928,162.2647934 -77.719928,162.2666302 -77.719928,162.268467 -77.719928,162.268467 -77.7201251,162.268467 -77.7203222,162.268467 -77.7205193,162.268467 -77.7207164,162.268467 -77.7209135,162.268467 -77.7211106,162.268467 -77.7213077,162.268467 -77.7215048,162.268467 -77.7217019,162.268467 -77.721899,162.2666302 -77.721899,162.2647934 -77.721899,162.2629566 -77.721899,162.2611198 -77.721899,162.259283 -77.721899,162.2574462 -77.721899,162.2556094 -77.721899,162.2537726 -77.721899,162.2519358 -77.721899,162.250099 -77.721899,162.250099 -77.7217019,162.250099 -77.7215048,162.250099 -77.7213077,162.250099 -77.7211106,162.250099 -77.7209135,162.250099 -77.7207164,162.250099 -77.7205193,162.250099 -77.7203222,162.250099 -77.7201251,162.250099 -77.719928))"], "date_created": "Tue, 07 May 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Blood Falls is a hypersaline, iron\u2010rich discharge at the terminus of the Taylor Glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. In November 2014, brine in a conduit within the glacier was penetrated and sampled using clean\u2010entry techniques and a thermoelectric melting probe called the IceMole. We analyzed the englacial brine sample for filterable iron (fFe), total Fe, major cations and anions, nutrients, organic carbon, and perchlorate. In addition, aliquots were analyzed for minor and trace elements and isotopes including \u03b4D and \u03b418O of water, \u03b434S and \u03b418O of sulfate, 234U, 238U, \u03b411B, 87Sr/86Sr, and \u03b481Br. These measurements were made in order to (1) determine the source and geochemical evolution of the brine and (2) compare the chemistry of the brine to that of nearby hypersaline lake waters and previous supraglacially sampled collections of Blood Falls outflow that were interpreted as end\u2010member brines.", "east": 162.268467, "geometry": ["POINT(162.259283 -77.7209135)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Subglacial Brine", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.719928, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Lyons, W. Berry; Gardner, Christopher B.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: MIDGE: Minimally Invasive Direct Glacial Exploration of Biogeochemistry, Hydrology and Glaciology of Blood Falls, McMurdo Dry Valleys", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000002", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: MIDGE: Minimally Invasive Direct Glacial Exploration of Biogeochemistry, Hydrology and Glaciology of Blood Falls, McMurdo Dry Valleys"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.721899, "title": "The Geochemistry of englacial brine from Taylor Glacier, Antarctica.", "uid": "601179", "west": 162.250099}, {"awards": "1822289 Vernet, Maria", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-59.402149 -62.131908,-58.9639887 -62.131908,-58.5258284 -62.131908,-58.0876681 -62.131908,-57.6495078 -62.131908,-57.2113475 -62.131908,-56.7731872 -62.131908,-56.3350269 -62.131908,-55.8968666 -62.131908,-55.4587063 -62.131908,-55.020546 -62.131908,-55.020546 -62.384829,-55.020546 -62.63775,-55.020546 -62.890671,-55.020546 -63.143592,-55.020546 -63.396513,-55.020546 -63.649434,-55.020546 -63.902355,-55.020546 -64.155276,-55.020546 -64.408197,-55.020546 -64.661118,-55.4587063 -64.661118,-55.8968666 -64.661118,-56.3350269 -64.661118,-56.7731872 -64.661118,-57.2113475 -64.661118,-57.6495078 -64.661118,-58.0876681 -64.661118,-58.5258284 -64.661118,-58.9639887 -64.661118,-59.402149 -64.661118,-59.402149 -64.408197,-59.402149 -64.155276,-59.402149 -63.902355,-59.402149 -63.649434,-59.402149 -63.396513,-59.402149 -63.143592,-59.402149 -62.890671,-59.402149 -62.63775,-59.402149 -62.384829,-59.402149 -62.131908))"], "date_created": "Mon, 29 Apr 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine ecosystems under large ice shelves are thought to contain sparse, low-diversity plankton and seafloor communities due the low supply of food from productive sunlight waters. Past studies have shown sub-ice shelf ecosystems to change in response to altered oceanographic processes resulting from ice-shelve retreat. However, information on community changes and ecosystem structure under ice shelves are limited because sub-ice-shelf ecosystems have either been sampled many years after ice-shelf breakout, or have been sampled through small boreholes, yielding extremely limited spatial information. The recent breakout of the A-68 iceberg from the Larsen C ice shelf in the western Weddell Sea provides an opportunity to use a ship-based study to evaluate benthic communities and water column characteristics in an area recently vacated by a large overlying ice shelf. The opportunity will allow spatial assessments at the time of transition from an under ice-shelf environment to one initially exposed to conditions more typical of a coastal Antarctic marine setting. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThis RAPID project will help determine the state of a coastal Antarctic ecosystem newly exposed from ice-shelf cover and will aid in understanding of rates of community change during transition. The project will conduct a 10-day field program, allowing contrasts to be made of phytoplankton and seafloor megafaunal communities in areas recently exposed by ice-shelf loss to areas exposed for many decades. The project will be undertaken in a collaborative manner with the South Korean Antarctic Agency, KOPRI, by participating in a cruise in March/May 2018. Combining new information in the area of Larsen C with existing observations after the Larsen A and B ice shelf breakups further to the north, the project is expected to generate a dataset that can elucidate fundamental processes of planktonic and benthic community development in transition from food-poor to food-rich ecosystems. The project will provide field experience to two graduate students, a post-doctoral associate and an undergraduate student. Material from the project will be incorporated into graduate courses and the project will communicate daily work and unfolding events through social media and blogs while they explore this area of the world that is largely underexplored.", "east": -55.020546, "geometry": ["POINT(-57.2113475 -63.396513)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chlorophyll; CTD; Glacier; Iceberg; Ice Shelf; Larsen C Ice Shelf; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Phytoplankton; Sample Location; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Station List", "locations": "Larsen C Ice Shelf; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -62.131908, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Pan, B. Jack; Vernet, Maria", "project_titles": "RAPID: Collaborative Research: Marine Ecosystem Response to the Larsen C Ice-Shelf Breakout: \"Time zero\"", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010029", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RAPID: Collaborative Research: Marine Ecosystem Response to the Larsen C Ice-Shelf Breakout: \"Time zero\""}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.661118, "title": "CTD stations and logs for Araon 2018 ANA08D expedition to Larson C", "uid": "601178", "west": -59.402149}, {"awards": "1543412 Reinfelder, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-69.9043 -65.8708,-69.74203 -65.8708,-69.57976 -65.8708,-69.41749 -65.8708,-69.25522 -65.8708,-69.09295 -65.8708,-68.93068 -65.8708,-68.76841 -65.8708,-68.60614 -65.8708,-68.44387 -65.8708,-68.2816 -65.8708,-68.2816 -66.05698,-68.2816 -66.24316,-68.2816 -66.42934,-68.2816 -66.61552,-68.2816 -66.8017,-68.2816 -66.98788,-68.2816 -67.17406,-68.2816 -67.36024,-68.2816 -67.54642,-68.2816 -67.7326,-68.44387 -67.7326,-68.60614 -67.7326,-68.76841 -67.7326,-68.93068 -67.7326,-69.09295 -67.7326,-69.25522 -67.7326,-69.41749 -67.7326,-69.57976 -67.7326,-69.74203 -67.7326,-69.9043 -67.7326,-69.9043 -67.54642,-69.9043 -67.36024,-69.9043 -67.17406,-69.9043 -66.98788,-69.9043 -66.8017,-69.9043 -66.61552,-69.9043 -66.42934,-69.9043 -66.24316,-69.9043 -66.05698,-69.9043 -65.8708))"], "date_created": "Sun, 31 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes 16S rRNA gene libraries produced from DNA extracted from pooled digestive tracts of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) collected in coastal waters west of the Antarctic Peninsula in 2014.", "east": -68.2816, "geometry": ["POINT(-69.09295 -66.8017)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Krill; LTER Palmer Station; Microbiome; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -65.8708, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Reinfelder, John", "project_titles": "Methylmercury in Antarctic Krill Microbiomes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010023", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Methylmercury in Antarctic Krill Microbiomes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LTER", "south": -67.7326, "title": "16S rRNA gene libraries of krill gut microbial communities", "uid": "601171", "west": -69.9043}, {"awards": "1743326 Kingslake, Jonathan", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 22 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "In February 2018, we hosted a workshop on Antarctic Surface Hydrology and Future Ice-shelf Stability at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York. Funding for the workshop was provided by the\r\nU.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Antarctic Glaciology Program (award number: 1743326). The\r\naims of the workshop were to: (1) establish the state-of-the-science of Antarctic surface hydrology; (2)\r\nidentify key science questions raised by observations and theoretical studies of Antarctic surface\r\nhydrology, and (3) move the community toward answering these questions by bringing together scientists\r\nwith diverse expertise. The workshop was motivated by the premise that significant gains in our\r\nunderstanding can be made if researchers with interests in this field are provided with an opportunity to\r\ncommunicate and develop collaborations across disciplines.\r\n\r\nHere we report on the organisation, attendance, and structure of the workshop, before summarizing key\r\nscience outcomes, research questions, and future priorities that emerged during the workshop within the\r\nfollowing four themes:\r\n1. Surface melting: controls and observations\r\n2. Water ponding and flow\r\n3. Impact of meltwater on ice-shelf stability\r\n4. Ice-sheet/climate modeling\r\n\r\nFinally, building on the emergent science questions, we propose a framework for prioritizing future work,\r\naimed at understanding and predicting the impact that surface meltwater will have on future Antarctic Ice\r\nSheet mass balance.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Hydrology; Ice Sheet Stability; Ice Shelf; Report; Workshop", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kingslake, Jonathan; Trusel, Luke; Banwell, Alison; Bell, Robin; Das, Indrani; DeConto, Robert; Tedesco, Marco; Lenaerts, Jan; Schoof, Christian", "project_titles": "Workshop on Antarctic Surface Hydrology and Future Ice-shelf Stability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010021", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Workshop on Antarctic Surface Hydrology and Future Ice-shelf Stability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Report on Antarctic surface hydrology workshop, LDEO, 2018", "uid": "601170", "west": null}, {"awards": "1041022 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Wed, 13 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Response time data for snails escaping from predatory sea stars", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthos; Biota; Oceans; Snail; Southern Ocean; Visual Observations", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Schram, Julie; Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000426", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Response time data for snails escaping from predatory sea stars", "uid": "601162", "west": null}, {"awards": "9725024 Jacobs, Stanley; 9909374 Fairbanks, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((140 -65.5,141 -65.5,142 -65.5,143 -65.5,144 -65.5,145 -65.5,146 -65.5,147 -65.5,148 -65.5,149 -65.5,150 -65.5,150 -65.75,150 -66,150 -66.25,150 -66.5,150 -66.75,150 -67,150 -67.25,150 -67.5,150 -67.75,150 -68,149 -68,148 -68,147 -68,146 -68,145 -68,144 -68,143 -68,142 -68,141 -68,140 -68,140 -67.75,140 -67.5,140 -67.25,140 -67,140 -66.75,140 -66.5,140 -66.25,140 -66,140 -65.75,140 -65.5))"], "date_created": "Mon, 11 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Summer Oceanographic Measurements near the Mertz Polynya (140-150E) on NB Palmer Cruise 00-08. These are processed, high resolution CTD and bottle data files; Standard level listings and station listings and plots.", "east": 150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(145 -66.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CTD; CTD Data; Mertz Polynya; NBP0008; Oceans; Oxygen; Physical Oceanography; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Mertz Polynya; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -65.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Jacobs, Stanley; Mele, Phil; Mortlock, R. A.; Smethie, William M", "project_titles": "Circumpolar Deep Water and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Shelf and Bottom Water Formation Near East Antarctic Polynyas and Glaciers", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000612", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Shelf and Bottom Water Formation Near East Antarctic Polynyas and Glaciers"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000815", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Circumpolar Deep Water and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.0, "title": "Summer Oceanographic Measurements near the Mertz Polynya NBP0008", "uid": "601161", "west": 140.0}, {"awards": "1245766 Waller, Rhian", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-66.5 -63,-65.95 -63,-65.4 -63,-64.85 -63,-64.3 -63,-63.75 -63,-63.2 -63,-62.65 -63,-62.1 -63,-61.55 -63,-61 -63,-61 -63.63,-61 -64.26,-61 -64.89,-61 -65.52,-61 -66.15,-61 -66.78,-61 -67.41,-61 -68.04,-61 -68.67,-61 -69.3,-61.55 -69.3,-62.1 -69.3,-62.65 -69.3,-63.2 -69.3,-63.75 -69.3,-64.3 -69.3,-64.85 -69.3,-65.4 -69.3,-65.95 -69.3,-66.5 -69.3,-66.5 -68.67,-66.5 -68.04,-66.5 -67.41,-66.5 -66.78,-66.5 -66.15,-66.5 -65.52,-66.5 -64.89,-66.5 -64.26,-66.5 -63.63,-66.5 -63))"], "date_created": "Thu, 07 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Station location information of trawl and CTD stations used for collecting coral samples and water for incubation during expedition NBP1509 in 2015 near the Antarctic Peninsula.", "east": -61.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-63.75 -66.15)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Corals; CTD; LMG1509; Oceans; Otter Trawl; R/v Laurence M. Gould; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Sample Location; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Waller, Rhian", "project_titles": "Cold Corals in Hot Water - Investigating the Physiological Responses of Antarctic Coral Larvae to Climate change Stress", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010017", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Cold Corals in Hot Water - Investigating the Physiological Responses of Antarctic Coral Larvae to Climate change Stress"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.3, "title": "Log Sheets of coral samples for LMG1509", "uid": "601160", "west": -66.5}, {"awards": "1341333 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-65 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.6 -63,-64.4 -63,-64.2 -63,-64 -63,-63.8 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.4 -63,-63.2 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.2,-63 -63.4,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.8,-63 -64,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.4,-63 -64.6,-63 -64.8,-63 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.4 -65,-63.6 -65,-63.8 -65,-64 -65,-64.2 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.6 -65,-64.8 -65,-65 -65,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.6,-65 -64.4,-65 -64.2,-65 -64,-65 -63.8,-65 -63.6,-65 -63.4,-65 -63.2,-65 -63))"], "date_created": "Mon, 04 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "These three spreadsheets contain all the data used in Amsler et al. 2019. Impacts of macroalgal-associated gastropods on epiphytic microalgae on the ecologically important Antarctic brown alga Himantothallus grandifolius. Antarctic Science 31: doi:10.1017/S0954102019000014", "east": -63.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-64 -64)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic; Biota; Macroalgae; Mesograzer; Microscopy; Oceans; Zooplankton", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Data from Amsler et al. 2019 Antarctic Science, doi:10.1017/S0954102019000014", "uid": "601159", "west": -65.0}, {"awards": "1443394 Pollard, David", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Mon, 04 Feb 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The dataset consists of two tar files for two distinct sets of simulations. Each tar file contains a number of Netcdf files with model output for one simulation each, and also contains a DIF file (Directory Interchange Format, in xml form) with information on that part of the dataset.\r\n\r\nSet 1:\r\n\r\nThere are 4 Netcdf files with output from the PSU 3D Antarctic ice sheet model including \r\n ice melange, showing role of melange in potentially providing buttressing and \r\n possibly slowing down ice retreat in strong climate warming scenarios.\r\n \r\nSet two:\r\n\r\nThere are 2 Netcdf files with output from the PSU 3D Antarctic ice sheet model, for two future warming scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, contributing to oceanic meltwater discharge fields for future climate and ocean model simulations performed at Univ. Massachusetts by other PIs on the NSF project.\r\n \r\nMore details on file names and model fields is provided in \"Data Section\" of the Readme file.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctic; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Sheet; Ice Sheet Model; Meltwater; Model Data; Modeling; Model Output", "locations": "Antarctic; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Pollard, David", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Assessing the Global Climate Response to Melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010007", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Assessing the Global Climate Response to Melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Antarctic Ice Sheet simulations for role of freshwater in future warming scenarios", "uid": "601154", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0944201 Hofmann, Gretchen; 1246202 Hofmann, Gretchen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163.5281 -77.5715,163.84105 -77.5715,164.154 -77.5715,164.46695 -77.5715,164.7799 -77.5715,165.09285 -77.5715,165.4058 -77.5715,165.71875 -77.5715,166.0317 -77.5715,166.34465 -77.5715,166.6576 -77.5715,166.6576 -77.59928,166.6576 -77.62706,166.6576 -77.65484,166.6576 -77.68262,166.6576 -77.7104,166.6576 -77.73818,166.6576 -77.76596,166.6576 -77.79374,166.6576 -77.82152,166.6576 -77.8493,166.34465 -77.8493,166.0317 -77.8493,165.71875 -77.8493,165.4058 -77.8493,165.09285 -77.8493,164.7799 -77.8493,164.46695 -77.8493,164.154 -77.8493,163.84105 -77.8493,163.5281 -77.8493,163.5281 -77.82152,163.5281 -77.79374,163.5281 -77.76596,163.5281 -77.73818,163.5281 -77.7104,163.5281 -77.68262,163.5281 -77.65484,163.5281 -77.62706,163.5281 -77.59928,163.5281 -77.5715))"], "date_created": "Wed, 05 Dec 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset consists of measurements made of pH (total scale) and temperature at various sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica with autonomous DuraFET\u00ae - based pH sensors. Sensors logged every 4 hours and ran until batteries were exhausted. Sensors were calibrated with water samples following best practices from Dickson et al (2007). Details of select years from this dataset are provided in Kapsenberg et al(2015). ", "east": 166.6576, "geometry": ["POINT(165.09285 -77.7104)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Mcmurdo Sound; Mcmurdo Station; Mooring; Oceans; Ocean Temperature; PH; Physical Oceanography; Ross Sea; Sea Surface Temperature; Seawater Measurements; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Ross Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.5715, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Hoshijima, Umihiko; Hofmann, Gretchen; Kapsenberg, Lydia", "project_titles": "Ocean Acidification Seascape: Linking Natural Variability and Anthropogenic changes in pH and Temperature to Performance in Calcifying Antarctic Marine Invertebrates", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000390", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ocean Acidification Seascape: Linking Natural Variability and Anthropogenic changes in pH and Temperature to Performance in Calcifying Antarctic Marine Invertebrates"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8493, "title": "Nearshore pH, temperature, (salinity, depth) at mooring sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, Overwinter 2011-2016", "uid": "601141", "west": 163.5281}, {"awards": "1246463 Burns, Jennifer", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Sat, 24 Nov 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "We examined the influence of sea ice break-out on seasonal diving patterns and diet of a top predator, the Weddell seal, to understand how phytoplankton blooms impact the vertical distribution of the food web. We captured female seals during the November and December lactation period and attached a LOTEK LAT1800 time-depth recorder (TDR) flipper tag with a 6 second sampling interval. Data were processed using the Iknos toolbox in MATLAB. Benthic dives (1% of all dives) were excluded from analyses because we were interested in quantifying seasonal changes in mid-water dives. Thus, we analyzed dives from 59 Weddell seals to characterize the diving depth and foraging effort of each seal across the austral summer over four years. We characterized seasonal changes in diving depth by calculating the mean across all seals of the maximum dive depth on each day for each seal. For more information see: Beltran, R. S. Bridging the gap between pupping and molting phenology: behavioral and ecological drivers in Weddell seals PhD thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, (2018).", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Ross Sea; Seals; Southern Ocean; Weddell Seal", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Beltran, Roxanne; Burns, Jennifer", "project_titles": "The Cost of A New Fur Coat: Interactions between Molt and Reproduction in Weddell Seals", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000229", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The Cost of A New Fur Coat: Interactions between Molt and Reproduction in Weddell Seals"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Weddell seal summer diving behavior", "uid": "601137", "west": null}, {"awards": "1443263 Higgins, John; 1443306 Mayewski, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((159.35343 -76.73165,159.360199 -76.73165,159.366968 -76.73165,159.373737 -76.73165,159.380506 -76.73165,159.387275 -76.73165,159.394044 -76.73165,159.400813 -76.73165,159.407582 -76.73165,159.414351 -76.73165,159.42112 -76.73165,159.42112 -76.731833,159.42112 -76.732016,159.42112 -76.732199,159.42112 -76.732382,159.42112 -76.732565,159.42112 -76.732748,159.42112 -76.732931,159.42112 -76.733114,159.42112 -76.733297,159.42112 -76.73348,159.414351 -76.73348,159.407582 -76.73348,159.400813 -76.73348,159.394044 -76.73348,159.387275 -76.73348,159.380506 -76.73348,159.373737 -76.73348,159.366968 -76.73348,159.360199 -76.73348,159.35343 -76.73348,159.35343 -76.733297,159.35343 -76.733114,159.35343 -76.732931,159.35343 -76.732748,159.35343 -76.732565,159.35343 -76.732382,159.35343 -76.732199,159.35343 -76.732016,159.35343 -76.731833,159.35343 -76.73165))"], "date_created": "Wed, 17 Oct 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Stable water isotope data for the surface ice samples (listed as point numbers \u00ad coordinates provided) collected at the Allan Hills Blue ice area have been generated under a collaborative effort by the University of Maine Climate Change Institute (NSF Award#1443306) and Princeton University (NSF Award# 1443263). This data set contains stable isotope data (dD, d18O) of meltwater samples collected from the\r\narea(76.73165 to 76.73348 S,\u00a0159.35343 to 159.42112 E).", "east": 159.42112, "geometry": ["POINT(159.387275 -76.732565)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Allan Hills Project; Antarctica; Blue Ice; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Delta 18O; Delta Deuterium; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Gas Records; Ice Core Records; Oxygen; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Stable Water Isotopes; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Allan Hills; Transantarctic Mountains; Antarctica", "north": -76.73165, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Mayewski, Paul A.; Introne, Douglas; Yan, Yuzhen", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000760", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.73348, "title": "Stable water isotope data for the surface samples collected at the Allan Hills Blue ice area", "uid": "601130", "west": 159.35343}, {"awards": "1443306 Mayewski, Paul; 1443263 Higgins, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(159.35507 -76.73286)"], "date_created": "Wed, 17 Oct 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Stable water isotope data for the ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area have been generated under a collaborative effort by the University of Maine Climate Change Institute (NSF Award#1443306) and Princeton University (NSF Award# 1443263). This data set contains \r\nstable isotope data (dD, d18O) of meltwater samples collected from the ice core AH-1502 (76.73286 S, 159.35507 E) was drilled in 2015-16 field season to 197 meters below the surface.", "east": 159.35507, "geometry": ["POINT(159.35507 -76.73286)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Allan Hills Project; Antarctica; Blue Ice; Delta 18O; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Chemistry; Ice Core Records; Isotope Data; Oxygen; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Stable Water Isotopes; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Allan Hills; Transantarctic Mountains; Antarctica", "north": -76.73286, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Mayewski, Paul A.; Introne, Douglas; Yan, Yuzhen", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000760", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.73286, "title": "Stable water isotope data for the AH-1502 ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area", "uid": "601129", "west": 159.35507}, {"awards": "1443263 Higgins, John; 1443306 Mayewski, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(159.3562 -76.73243)"], "date_created": "Tue, 16 Oct 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Stable water isotope data for the AH-1503 ice core drilled at the Allan Hills\r Blue ice area have been generated under a collaborative effort by the\r University of Maine Climate Change Institute (NSF Award#1443263) and\r Princeton University (NSF Award# 1443263). This data set contains stable isotope data (dD, d18O) of meltwater samples collected from the\r ice core AH-1503 (76.73243 S,\u00a0159.3562 E). Ice core site AH-1503 used the same borehole as AH- BIT58 drilled down to 124 m during the 2011-12 field season. All drilling was conducted with a 3\" Eclipse drill (Ice Drilling Design and Operations (IDDO)).\r\n", "east": 159.3562, "geometry": ["POINT(159.3562 -76.73243)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Blue Ice; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Delta 18O; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Isotope Record; Mass Spectrometry; Stable Water Isotopes", "locations": "Allan Hills; Antarctica", "north": -76.73243, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Mayewski, Paul A.; Introne, Douglas; Yan, Yuzhen", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000760", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.73243, "title": "Stable water isotope data for the AH-1503 ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area", "uid": "601128", "west": 159.3562}, {"awards": "1443126 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165.911079 -77.872851,165.941267 -77.872851,165.971455 -77.872851,166.001643 -77.872851,166.031831 -77.872851,166.062019 -77.872851,166.092207 -77.872851,166.122395 -77.872851,166.152583 -77.872851,166.182771 -77.872851,166.212959 -77.872851,166.212959 -77.8781411,166.212959 -77.8834312,166.212959 -77.8887213,166.212959 -77.8940114,166.212959 -77.8993015,166.212959 -77.9045916,166.212959 -77.9098817,166.212959 -77.9151718,166.212959 -77.9204619,166.212959 -77.925752,166.182771 -77.925752,166.152583 -77.925752,166.122395 -77.925752,166.092207 -77.925752,166.062019 -77.925752,166.031831 -77.925752,166.001643 -77.925752,165.971455 -77.925752,165.941267 -77.925752,165.911079 -77.925752,165.911079 -77.9204619,165.911079 -77.9151718,165.911079 -77.9098817,165.911079 -77.9045916,165.911079 -77.8993015,165.911079 -77.8940114,165.911079 -77.8887213,165.911079 -77.8834312,165.911079 -77.8781411,165.911079 -77.872851))"], "date_created": "Tue, 04 Sep 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "During the melt seasons of 2015/6 and 2016/7, water pressure gages were deployed on the McMurdo Ice Shelf to observe water depth in supraglacial lakes and streams. This was done in support of research directed toward understanding how filling and draining supraglacial lakes would induce ice-shelf flexure and fracture.", "east": 166.212959, "geometry": ["POINT(166.062019 -77.8993015)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Shelf; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Subglacial And Supraglacial Water Depth; Supraglacial Lake; Supraglacial Meltwater; Water Depth", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.872851, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "MacAyeal, Douglas; Banwell, Alison", "project_titles": "Impact of Supraglacial Lakes on Ice-Shelf Stability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000138", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Impact of Supraglacial Lakes on Ice-Shelf Stability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.925752, "title": "Supraglacial Lake Depths on McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica", "uid": "601116", "west": 165.911079}, {"awards": "1443126 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.152184 -77.902339,166.1559273 -77.902339,166.1596706 -77.902339,166.1634139 -77.902339,166.1671572 -77.902339,166.1709005 -77.902339,166.1746438 -77.902339,166.1783871 -77.902339,166.1821304 -77.902339,166.1858737 -77.902339,166.189617 -77.902339,166.189617 -77.9026372,166.189617 -77.9029354,166.189617 -77.9032336,166.189617 -77.9035318,166.189617 -77.90383,166.189617 -77.9041282,166.189617 -77.9044264,166.189617 -77.9047246,166.189617 -77.9050228,166.189617 -77.905321,166.1858737 -77.905321,166.1821304 -77.905321,166.1783871 -77.905321,166.1746438 -77.905321,166.1709005 -77.905321,166.1671572 -77.905321,166.1634139 -77.905321,166.1596706 -77.905321,166.1559273 -77.905321,166.152184 -77.905321,166.152184 -77.9050228,166.152184 -77.9047246,166.152184 -77.9044264,166.152184 -77.9041282,166.152184 -77.90383,166.152184 -77.9035318,166.152184 -77.9032336,166.152184 -77.9029354,166.152184 -77.9026372,166.152184 -77.902339))"], "date_created": "Fri, 31 Aug 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "During the Austral summer melt season of 2016-2017, an automatic camera was placed overlooking a surface lake feature on the McMurdo Ice Shelf. This camera created a time-lapse video (30 minute photograph time intervals) used to observe the filling and draining of the lake called Rift-Tip Lake located approximately 2 km from the McMurdo Ice Shelf ice front. The data was used in support of a field project to measure the flexural response of the McMurdo Ice Shelf (and ice shelves in general) to the filling and draining of supraglacial lakes. The time-lapse video begins 16 November 2016 and ends 27 January 2017.", "east": 166.189617, "geometry": ["POINT(166.1709005 -77.90383)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Shelf; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Supraglacial Meltwater", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.902339, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "MacAyeal, Douglas; Banwell, Alison", "project_titles": "Impact of Supraglacial Lakes on Ice-Shelf Stability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000138", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Impact of Supraglacial Lakes on Ice-Shelf Stability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.905321, "title": "Time-lapse video of McMurdo Ice Shelf surface melting and hydrology", "uid": "601113", "west": 166.152184}, {"awards": "1443126 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.02819 -77.887495,166.053634 -77.887495,166.079078 -77.887495,166.104522 -77.887495,166.129966 -77.887495,166.15541 -77.887495,166.180854 -77.887495,166.206298 -77.887495,166.231742 -77.887495,166.257186 -77.887495,166.28263 -77.887495,166.28263 -77.8926145,166.28263 -77.897734,166.28263 -77.9028535,166.28263 -77.907973,166.28263 -77.9130925,166.28263 -77.918212,166.28263 -77.9233315,166.28263 -77.928451,166.28263 -77.9335705,166.28263 -77.93869,166.257186 -77.93869,166.231742 -77.93869,166.206298 -77.93869,166.180854 -77.93869,166.15541 -77.93869,166.129966 -77.93869,166.104522 -77.93869,166.079078 -77.93869,166.053634 -77.93869,166.02819 -77.93869,166.02819 -77.9335705,166.02819 -77.928451,166.02819 -77.9233315,166.02819 -77.918212,166.02819 -77.9130925,166.02819 -77.907973,166.02819 -77.9028535,166.02819 -77.897734,166.02819 -77.8926145,166.02819 -77.887495))"], "date_created": "Tue, 24 Jul 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Over 2 Austral summer periods in 2015/6 and 2016/17, up to 12 geodetic GPS receivers were deployed on the McMurdo Ice Shelf to study its vertical deflection in response to moving meltwater loads. (5 GPS were deployed in 2015/16, 12 in 2016/17.) The GPS receivers and antennas were supplied by UNAVCO and were Trimble NetR9\u2019s and Zephyr Geodetic, respectively. The GPS receivers were stationary for the entire field seasons (were never moved). Following each field season, the GPS data were processed using MIT software called TRACK, which is part of the GAMIT package. The UNAVCO-run base station at McMurdo Station, approximately 16 km away from the field area, was used as part of the processing.", "east": 166.28263, "geometry": ["POINT(166.15541 -77.9130925)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPS; Ice Flow Velocity; Ice Shelf; Ice-Shelf Flexure; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Surface Melt", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.887495, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "MacAyeal, Douglas; Banwell, Alison", "project_titles": "Impact of Supraglacial Lakes on Ice-Shelf Stability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000138", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Impact of Supraglacial Lakes on Ice-Shelf Stability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.93869, "title": "McMurdo Ice Shelf GPS survey of vertical motion", "uid": "601107", "west": 166.02819}, {"awards": "1341585 Sorlien, Christopher", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -73.22,-179.17 -73.22,-178.34 -73.22,-177.51 -73.22,-176.68 -73.22,-175.85 -73.22,-175.02 -73.22,-174.19 -73.22,-173.36 -73.22,-172.53 -73.22,-171.7 -73.22,-171.7 -73.765,-171.7 -74.31,-171.7 -74.855,-171.7 -75.4,-171.7 -75.945,-171.7 -76.49,-171.7 -77.035,-171.7 -77.58,-171.7 -78.125,-171.7 -78.67,-172.53 -78.67,-173.36 -78.67,-174.19 -78.67,-175.02 -78.67,-175.85 -78.67,-176.68 -78.67,-177.51 -78.67,-178.34 -78.67,-179.17 -78.67,180 -78.67,178.56 -78.67,177.12 -78.67,175.68 -78.67,174.24 -78.67,172.8 -78.67,171.36 -78.67,169.92 -78.67,168.48 -78.67,167.04 -78.67,165.6 -78.67,165.6 -78.125,165.6 -77.58,165.6 -77.035,165.6 -76.49,165.6 -75.945,165.6 -75.4,165.6 -74.855,165.6 -74.31,165.6 -73.765,165.6 -73.22,167.04 -73.22,168.48 -73.22,169.92 -73.22,171.36 -73.22,172.8 -73.22,174.24 -73.22,175.68 -73.22,177.12 -73.22,178.56 -73.22,-180 -73.22))"], "date_created": "Fri, 25 May 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes digital 1 km grids of sub-bottom \n\tstratigraphy of most of Ross Sea. In addition to acoustic basement (same as top\n\tsyn-rift sedimentary rocks in Central Trough and probably other basins), these\n\tgrids include Oligocene and Miocene horizons that are unconformities in most\n\tareas. A sea floor grid is also included. Except for the sea floor grid, the\n\tgrids are trimmed to be relatively close to control of interpreted seismic\n\tstratigraphy. The grids are provided in two way travel time and in depth. Math\n\tcan be performed on the corresponding time and depth grids to recreate the 3D\n\tinterval velocity model that was used. The velocity of the water used was 1450\n\tm/s. More detailed descriptions of the work are found in the Final NSF report\n\tfor PLR1341585 by C. Sorlien, B. Luyendyk, and D. Wilson. The grids are\n\tcontinuous so are merged with the sea floor where there is outcrop, or with\n\tbasement if there is onlap, or with a young unconformity where there is\n\tsub-bottom truncation. The filenames include the name of the horizon\n\t(unconformity) and whether they are in time or depth. \\\"etc.\\\" means there are\n\ttwo or more horizons that have been merged. Most of the horizons are named and\n\tdefined in the ANTOSTRAT (1995) atlas. The starting points for many of these\n\thorizons are ANTOSTRAT [1995] near DSDP sites 273, 272, and 270. In other areas\n\twe deviate from the interpretation of ANTOSTRAT [1995]. late Oligocene through\n\tmiddle Miocene horizons, interpreted very close to the ANTOSTRAT [1995] at DSDP\n\tSite 273 in Central Trough, are much deeper in our interpretation within Terror\n\tRift. These horizon grids usually include the sea floor where there is outcrop\n\tor acoustic basement (top syn-rift in some basins) where there is onlap. \n\n\n\tANTOSTRAT (1995), Seismic Stratigraphic Atlas of the Ross Sea, in Geology and\n\tSeismic Stratigraphy of the Antarctic Margin, edited by A. K. Cooper, Barker,\n\tP. F., Brancolini, G., 22 plates, American Geophysical Union, Washington,\n\tD.C.", "east": -171.7, "geometry": ["POINT(176.95 -75.945)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Continental Margin; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Marine Geoscience; Miocene; Oligocene; Seismic Reflection", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -73.22, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Sorlien, Christopher; Wilson, Douglas S.", "project_titles": "Subsidence, Tilting, Sedimentation, and Oligocene-middle Miocene paleo-depth of Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000271", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Subsidence, Tilting, Sedimentation, and Oligocene-middle Miocene paleo-depth of Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.67, "title": "Ross Sea unconformities digital grids in depth and two-way time", "uid": "601098", "west": 165.6}, {"awards": "0732917 McCormick, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((299.4 -63.1,299.92 -63.1,300.44 -63.1,300.96 -63.1,301.48 -63.1,302 -63.1,302.52 -63.1,303.04 -63.1,303.56 -63.1,304.08 -63.1,304.6 -63.1,304.6 -63.29,304.6 -63.48,304.6 -63.67,304.6 -63.86,304.6 -64.05,304.6 -64.24,304.6 -64.43,304.6 -64.62,304.6 -64.81,304.6 -65,304.08 -65,303.56 -65,303.04 -65,302.52 -65,302 -65,301.48 -65,300.96 -65,300.44 -65,299.92 -65,299.4 -65,299.4 -64.81,299.4 -64.62,299.4 -64.43,299.4 -64.24,299.4 -64.05,299.4 -63.86,299.4 -63.67,299.4 -63.48,299.4 -63.29,299.4 -63.1))"], "date_created": "Sun, 17 Dec 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ice-shelf loss along the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula over recent decades has brought new sources of carbon and energy to the marine benthos likely affecting sediment geochemistry and microbial community composition. To better understand the long-term effects of ice-shelf loss on benthic microbial communities, we conducted a five-station survey along a 160 km transect following the historic path of retreat of the Larsen A ice shelf. All microbial community sequence data is publicly available through the Metagenomics Analysis Server at Argonne National Laboratory (MG-RAST). The project title is \"Impact of ice-shelf loss on geochemical profiles and microbial community composition in marine sediments of the Larsen A embayment, Antarctic Peninsula\". A key word search using terms from this title at the MG-RAST portal (http://metagenomics.anl.gov/) will return the complete sample list. This submitted dataset summarizes the measured environmental parameters for these same samples (lat., long., water depth, sediment depth, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, silicate, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium).", "east": 304.6, "geometry": ["POINT(-58 -64.05)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; LARISSA; Microbiology", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -63.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "McCormick, Michael", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine Ecosystems.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010135", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine Ecosystems."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "LARISSA: Impact of ice-shelf loss on geochemical profiles and microbial community composition in marine sediments of the Larsen A embayment, Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "601073", "west": 299.4}, {"awards": "1141939 Lubin, Dan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.31 -77.5203,166.38265 -77.5203,166.4553 -77.5203,166.52795 -77.5203,166.6006 -77.5203,166.67325 -77.5203,166.7459 -77.5203,166.81855 -77.5203,166.8912 -77.5203,166.96385 -77.5203,167.0365 -77.5203,167.0365 -77.52527,167.0365 -77.53024,167.0365 -77.53521,167.0365 -77.54018,167.0365 -77.54515,167.0365 -77.55012,167.0365 -77.55509,167.0365 -77.56006,167.0365 -77.56503,167.0365 -77.57,166.96385 -77.57,166.8912 -77.57,166.81855 -77.57,166.7459 -77.57,166.67325 -77.57,166.6006 -77.57,166.52795 -77.57,166.4553 -77.57,166.38265 -77.57,166.31 -77.57,166.31 -77.56503,166.31 -77.56006,166.31 -77.55509,166.31 -77.55012,166.31 -77.54515,166.31 -77.54018,166.31 -77.53521,166.31 -77.53024,166.31 -77.52527,166.31 -77.5203))"], "date_created": "Tue, 12 Dec 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "In this project we made fundamental measurements of cloud optical and microphysical properties at Ross Island, Antarctica, using a versatile shortwave spectroradiometer (Panalytical, Inc.) acquired for atmospheric field research by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). This instrument measures downwelling spectral irradiance at the Earth surface in the wavelength interval 350-2200 nm. From this data set one can retrieve properties of coastal Antarctic stratiform clouds including optical depth, thermodynamic phase, liquid water droplet effective radius, and ice cloud effective particle size. The instrument was installed at Arrival Heights, and measurements were made from 10 October 2012 to 4 February 2013. Spectral data recorded in one-minute averages, with some gaps for instrument maintenance and data backup, and some occasional down time when the site was inaccessible. Active satellite remote sensing data (CloudSat and CALIPSO) were used for validation and interpretation of the spectroradiometer retrievals (Scott and Lubin 2014).\r\n\t\r\n\t\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are two reasons why this measurement program remains timely. One straightforward reason involves the location of McMurdo Station, which is the US Antarctic Programs air transport entry point to the continent. Improvements in our knowledge of atmospheric physics in this region can eventually lead to improvements in numerical weather forecasting relevant to aviation. A second reason involves the recent advances in cloud microphysics for global climate model simulation. Mixed-phase cloud parameterizations have become very sophisticated, requiring validation with each new improvement. Traditional observational test cases - from the Arctic or mid-latitude storm systems - are often quite complex. A coastal Antarctic site at very high latitudes can provide more straightforward cases for testing current microphysical parameterizations. Over Ross Island aerosol and cloud nucleation sources are essentially all natural and oceanic, and cloud geometry is simple, while at the same time there is abundant supercooled cloud liquid water.\r\n\t\r\n\t\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAncillary meteorological data from the McMurdo Weather Office are also included here for help in interpreting the spectroradiometer data, including rawinsonde profiles, surface weather observations from the active ice runway, and automated FMQ19 surface weather measurements from Williams Field and Pegasus runway. For interpretation of clear sky or nearly cloud-free irradiance spectra (i.e., when a large fraction of the irradiance is directional from the Sun and not diffused by clouds), we recommend consulting Meywerk and Ramanathan (1999) for information about the Panalytical instruments cosine response.", "east": 167.0365, "geometry": ["POINT(166.67325 -77.54515)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Radiosounding; Ross Island", "locations": "Ross Island; Antarctica", "north": -77.5203, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Lubin, Dan", "project_titles": "Antarctic Cloud Physics: Fundamental Observations from Ross Island", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000327", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Cloud Physics: Fundamental Observations from Ross Island"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.57, "title": "Shortwave Spectroradiometer Data from Ross Island, Antarctica", "uid": "601074", "west": 166.31}, {"awards": "1143834 Huber, Bruce", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((117 -66,119.9 -66,122.8 -66,125.7 -66,128.6 -66,131.5 -66,134.4 -66,137.3 -66,140.2 -66,143.1 -66,146 -66,146 -66.1,146 -66.2,146 -66.3,146 -66.4,146 -66.5,146 -66.6,146 -66.7,146 -66.8,146 -66.9,146 -67,143.1 -67,140.2 -67,137.3 -67,134.4 -67,131.5 -67,128.6 -67,125.7 -67,122.8 -67,119.9 -67,117 -67,117 -66.9,117 -66.8,117 -66.7,117 -66.6,117 -66.5,117 -66.4,117 -66.3,117 -66.2,117 -66.1,117 -66))"], "date_created": "Wed, 15 Nov 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP) data collected concurrently with 15 CTD profiles during NBP1402. The LADCP acquires profiles of water current, expressed as U and V components (E-W and N-S).", "east": 146.0, "geometry": ["POINT(131.5 -66.5)"], "keywords": "ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler; Antarctica; NBP1402; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Sabrina Coast; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Sabrina Coast; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Huber, Bruce", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000008", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "NBP1402 Lowered ADCP data", "uid": "601068", "west": 117.0}, {"awards": "1041022 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.5 -64.5,-64.45 -64.5,-64.4 -64.5,-64.35 -64.5,-64.3 -64.5,-64.25 -64.5,-64.2 -64.5,-64.15 -64.5,-64.1 -64.5,-64.05 -64.5,-64 -64.5,-64 -64.54,-64 -64.58,-64 -64.62,-64 -64.66,-64 -64.7,-64 -64.74,-64 -64.78,-64 -64.82,-64 -64.86,-64 -64.9,-64.05 -64.9,-64.1 -64.9,-64.15 -64.9,-64.2 -64.9,-64.25 -64.9,-64.3 -64.9,-64.35 -64.9,-64.4 -64.9,-64.45 -64.9,-64.5 -64.9,-64.5 -64.86,-64.5 -64.82,-64.5 -64.78,-64.5 -64.74,-64.5 -64.7,-64.5 -64.66,-64.5 -64.62,-64.5 -64.58,-64.5 -64.54,-64.5 -64.5))"], "date_created": "Fri, 20 Oct 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "", "east": -64.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.25 -64.7)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -64.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles; Schram, Julie", "project_titles": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000426", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.9, "title": "Data from Schram et al. 2017 MEPS", "uid": "601062", "west": -64.5}, {"awards": "1142122 Miller, Nathan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166 -77.5,166.1 -77.5,166.2 -77.5,166.3 -77.5,166.4 -77.5,166.5 -77.5,166.6 -77.5,166.7 -77.5,166.8 -77.5,166.9 -77.5,167 -77.5,167 -77.55,167 -77.6,167 -77.65,167 -77.7,167 -77.75,167 -77.8,167 -77.85,167 -77.9,167 -77.95,167 -78,166.9 -78,166.8 -78,166.7 -78,166.6 -78,166.5 -78,166.4 -78,166.3 -78,166.2 -78,166.1 -78,166 -78,166 -77.95,166 -77.9,166 -77.85,166 -77.8,166 -77.75,166 -77.7,166 -77.65,166 -77.6,166 -77.55,166 -77.5))"], "date_created": "Mon, 07 Aug 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes data from the publication Davis et al - Antarctic emerald rockcod have the capacity to compensate for warming when uncoupled from CO2-acidification. Included are data on cardiorespiratory physiology, survival, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity, behavior (scototaxis \u0026 activity) and seawater chemistry.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166.5 -77.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; CTD Data; Fish; Mcmurdo Sound; Ocean Acidification; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -77.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Todgham, Anne; Miller, Nathan", "project_titles": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000411", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Antarctic emerald rockcod have the capacity to compensate for warming when uncoupled from CO2-acidification", "uid": "601039", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "1141993 Rich, Jeremy", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-64.05 -64.77)"], "date_created": "Mon, 12 Jun 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "From winter to late summer during the 2013-2014 season at Palmer Station, Antarctica, we collected weekly to bi-weekly samples of the seawater intake to measure changes in bacterial community composition, based on sequencing 16S rRNA genes. Along with the sequences, we collected data on environmental parameters in the samples (chlorophyll a, bacterial production, salinity, nutrients, bacterial cell numbers, and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen).", "east": -64.05, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.05 -64.77)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Bacteria; Biota; Genetic; Geochemistry; Palmer Station; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Sea Water; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Palmer Station; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.77, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Rich, Jeremy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Microbial Community Assembly in Coastal Waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000409", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Microbial Community Assembly in Coastal Waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.77, "title": "Seasonal Succession of Bacterial Communities in Coastal Waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "601032", "west": -64.05}, {"awards": "1142122 Miller, Nathan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.163 -76.665,166.2635 -76.665,166.364 -76.665,166.4645 -76.665,166.565 -76.665,166.6655 -76.665,166.766 -76.665,166.8665 -76.665,166.967 -76.665,167.0675 -76.665,167.168 -76.665,167.168 -76.782,167.168 -76.899,167.168 -77.016,167.168 -77.133,167.168 -77.25,167.168 -77.367,167.168 -77.484,167.168 -77.601,167.168 -77.718,167.168 -77.835,167.0675 -77.835,166.967 -77.835,166.8665 -77.835,166.766 -77.835,166.6655 -77.835,166.565 -77.835,166.4645 -77.835,166.364 -77.835,166.2635 -77.835,166.163 -77.835,166.163 -77.718,166.163 -77.601,166.163 -77.484,166.163 -77.367,166.163 -77.25,166.163 -77.133,166.163 -77.016,166.163 -76.899,166.163 -76.782,166.163 -76.665))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jun 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes data from the publication \"Flynn, et al. (2015) - Ocean acidification exerts negative effects under warming conditions in a developing Antarctic fish\". Included are data on embryo survival, development, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity (citrate synthase), whole embryo osmolality and seawater chemistry.", "east": 167.168, "geometry": ["POINT(166.6655 -77.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; CTD Data; Fish; Mcmurdo Sound; Ocean Acidification; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -76.665, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Miller, Nathan; Todgham, Anne; Davis, Brittany; Flynn, Erin", "project_titles": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000411", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.835, "title": "Physiological and biochemical measurements on Antarctic dragonfish (Gymnodraco acuticeps) from McMurdo Sound", "uid": "601026", "west": 166.163}, {"awards": "1142122 Miller, Nathan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.163 -76.665,166.2635 -76.665,166.364 -76.665,166.4645 -76.665,166.565 -76.665,166.6655 -76.665,166.766 -76.665,166.8665 -76.665,166.967 -76.665,167.0675 -76.665,167.168 -76.665,167.168 -76.782,167.168 -76.899,167.168 -77.016,167.168 -77.133,167.168 -77.25,167.168 -77.367,167.168 -77.484,167.168 -77.601,167.168 -77.718,167.168 -77.835,167.0675 -77.835,166.967 -77.835,166.8665 -77.835,166.766 -77.835,166.6655 -77.835,166.565 -77.835,166.4645 -77.835,166.364 -77.835,166.2635 -77.835,166.163 -77.835,166.163 -77.718,166.163 -77.601,166.163 -77.484,166.163 -77.367,166.163 -77.25,166.163 -77.133,166.163 -77.016,166.163 -76.899,166.163 -76.782,166.163 -76.665))"], "date_created": "Sat, 20 May 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes data from the publication \"Davis, et al. (2016) - Juvenile Antarctic rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii) are physiologically robust to CO2-acidified seawater\". Included are data on cardiorespiratory physiology, survival, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity (citrate synthase) and seawater chemistry.", "east": 167.168, "geometry": ["POINT(166.6655 -77.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Fish; Mcmurdo Sound; Oceans; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -76.665, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Miller, Nathan; Todgham, Anne; Davis, Brittany; Flynn, Erin", "project_titles": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000411", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.835, "title": "Physiological and biochemical measurements on juvenile Antarctic rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii) from McMurdo Sound", "uid": "601025", "west": 166.163}, {"awards": "1141877 Aronson, Richard", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 10 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Elevated temperatures and ocean acidification are both threatening the Southern Ocean. The effects of these environmental changes are poorly understood, but preliminary data suggest that they are driving a biological invasion. Specifically, large populations of skeleton-crushing king crabs, Paralomis birsteini, have been detected off Marguerite Bay on the West Antarctic Peninsula. These crabs appear to be invading the continental shelf region where benthic communities have evolved in the absence of such top-predators. Thus, this invasion could result in a wholesale restructuring of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem. The proposed work seeks to document this invasion and better understand the effects of the introduction of P. birsteini on the ecology of this region. A towed underwater vehicle will be used to photographically image communities, and communities with and without P. birsteini will be compared quantitatively. Additionally, crabs will trapped and various aspects of their morphology and physiology will be assessed. This research is unique in that it will document a biological invasion in real-time and it will therefore enhance our general understandings of the drivers of invasion and resilience in biological communities. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of undergraduate and graduate students and will foster an international collaboration with British scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach thorough the development of K-12 curricular materials.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Anvers Island; Benthos; Biota; Camera Tow; LMG1502; Marguerite Bay; NBP1002; NBP1310; Oceans; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Anvers Island; Marguerite Bay; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Aronson, Richard", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000303", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos", "uid": "600385", "west": null}, {"awards": "1043554 Willenbring, Jane", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(161.5 -77.5)"], "date_created": "Wed, 09 Nov 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The PIs propose to address the question of whether ice surface melting zones developed at high elevations during warm climatic phases in the Transantarctic Mountains. Evidence from sediment cores drilled by the ANDRILL program indicates that open water in the Ross Sea could have been a source of warmth during Pliocene and Pleistocene. The question is whether marine warmth penetrated inland to the ice sheet margins. The glacial record may be ill suited to answer this question, as cold-based glaciers may respond too slowly to register brief warmth. Questions also surround possible orbital controls on regional climate and ice sheet margins. Northern Hemisphere insolation at obliquity and precession timescales is thought to control Antarctic climate through oceanic or atmospheric connections, but new thinking suggests that the duration of Southern Hemisphere summer may be more important. The PIs propose to use high elevation alluvial deposits in the Transantarctic Mountains as a proxy for inland warmth. These relatively young fans, channels, and debris flow levees stand out as visible evidence for the presence of melt water in an otherwise ancient, frozen landscape. Based on initial analyses of an alluvial fan in the Olympus Range, these deposits are sensitive recorders of rare melt events that occur at orbital timescales. For their study they will 1) map alluvial deposits using aerial photography, satellite imagery and GPS assisted field surveys to establish water sources and to quantify parameters effecting melt water production, 2) date stratigraphic sequences within these deposits using OSL, cosmogenic nuclide, and interbedded volcanic ash chronologies, 3) use paired nuclide analyses to estimate exposure and burial times, and rates of deposition and erosion, and 4) use micro and regional scale climate modeling to estimate paleoenvironmental conditions associated with melt events.\nThis study will produce a record of inland melting from sites adjacent to ice sheet margins to help determine controls on regional climate along margins of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to aid ice sheet and sea level modeling studies. The proposal will support several graduate and undergraduates. A PhD student will be supported on existing funding. The PIs will work with multiple K-12 schools to conduct interviews and webcasts from Antarctica and they will make follow up visits to classrooms after the field season is complete.", "east": 161.5, "geometry": ["POINT(161.5 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Cosmogenic Radionuclides; Geochronology; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Isotope; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Transantarctic Mountains; Antarctica", "north": -77.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Willenbring, Jane", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Activation of high-elevation alluvial fans in the Transantarctic Mountains - a proxy for Plio-Pleistocene warmth along East Antarctic ice margins", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000429", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Activation of high-elevation alluvial fans in the Transantarctic Mountains - a proxy for Plio-Pleistocene warmth along East Antarctic ice margins"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.5, "title": "Activation of high-elevation alluvial fans in the Transantarctic Mountains - a proxy for Plio-Pleistocene warmth along East Antarctic ice margins", "uid": "600379", "west": 161.5}, {"awards": "1443444 Yuan, Xiaojun", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((65.4503 -63.5143,67.2063 -63.5143,68.9623 -63.5143,70.7183 -63.5143,72.4743 -63.5143,74.2303 -63.5143,75.9863 -63.5143,77.7423 -63.5143,79.4983 -63.5143,81.2543 -63.5143,83.0103 -63.5143,83.0103 -64.09423,83.0103 -64.67416,83.0103 -65.25409,83.0103 -65.83402,83.0103 -66.41395,83.0103 -66.99388,83.0103 -67.57381,83.0103 -68.15374,83.0103 -68.73367,83.0103 -69.3136,81.2543 -69.3136,79.4983 -69.3136,77.7423 -69.3136,75.9863 -69.3136,74.2303 -69.3136,72.4743 -69.3136,70.7183 -69.3136,68.9623 -69.3136,67.2063 -69.3136,65.4503 -69.3136,65.4503 -68.73367,65.4503 -68.15374,65.4503 -67.57381,65.4503 -66.99388,65.4503 -66.41395,65.4503 -65.83402,65.4503 -65.25409,65.4503 -64.67416,65.4503 -64.09423,65.4503 -63.5143))"], "date_created": "Mon, 02 May 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains inventories and location maps for CTD data acquired by the icebreaker R/V Xue Long in the Prydz Bay- Amery Ice Shelf region. A total of 68 stations were acquired in February 2015 and 24 stations in March 2017, as part of a joint US/China project to study Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation.", "east": 83.0103, "geometry": ["POINT(74.2303 -66.41395)"], "keywords": "CTD Data; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Prydz Bay; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean; Xue Long", "locations": "Prydz Bay; Southern Ocean", "north": -63.5143, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Yuan, Xiaojun", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Contribution of Prydz Bay Shelf Water to Antarctic Bottom Water Formation", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000295", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Contribution of Prydz Bay Shelf Water to Antarctic Bottom Water Formation"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.3136, "title": "CTD Data Acquired by R/V Xue Long in the Prydz Bay- Amery Ice Shelf Region, 2015-2017", "uid": "600174", "west": 65.4503}, {"awards": "1141877 Aronson, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-111.18 -49.98,-105.429 -49.98,-99.678 -49.98,-93.927 -49.98,-88.176 -49.98,-82.425 -49.98,-76.674 -49.98,-70.923 -49.98,-65.172 -49.98,-59.421 -49.98,-53.67 -49.98,-53.67 -52.826,-53.67 -55.672,-53.67 -58.518,-53.67 -61.364,-53.67 -64.21,-53.67 -67.056,-53.67 -69.902,-53.67 -72.748,-53.67 -75.594,-53.67 -78.44,-59.421 -78.44,-65.172 -78.44,-70.923 -78.44,-76.674 -78.44,-82.425 -78.44,-88.176 -78.44,-93.927 -78.44,-99.678 -78.44,-105.429 -78.44,-111.18 -78.44,-111.18 -75.594,-111.18 -72.748,-111.18 -69.902,-111.18 -67.056,-111.18 -64.21,-111.18 -61.364,-111.18 -58.518,-111.18 -55.672,-111.18 -52.826,-111.18 -49.98))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Elevated temperatures and ocean acidification are both threatening the Southern Ocean. The effects of these environmental changes are poorly understood, but preliminary data suggest that they are driving a biological invasion. Specifically, large populations of skeleton-crushing king crabs, Paralomis birsteini, have been detected off Marguerite Bay on the West Antarctic Peninsula. These crabs appear to be invading the continental shelf region where benthic communities have evolved in the absence of such top-predators. Thus, this invasion could result in a wholesale restructuring of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem. The proposed work seeks to document this invasion and better understand the effects of the introduction of P. birsteini on the ecology of this region. A towed underwater vehicle will be used to photographically image communities, and communities with and without P. birsteini will be compared quantitatively. Additionally, crabs will trapped and various aspects of their morphology and physiology will be assessed. This research is unique in that it will document a biological invasion in real-time and it will therefore enhance our general understandings of the drivers of invasion and resilience in biological communities. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of undergraduate and graduate students and will foster an international collaboration with British scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach thorough the development of K-12 curricular materials.", "east": -53.67, "geometry": ["POINT(-82.425 -64.21)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Anvers Island; Benthos; Biota; Camera Tow; LMG1502; Marguerite Bay; NBP1002; NBP1310; Oceans; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Anvers Island; Marguerite Bay; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -49.98, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Aronson, Richard", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000303", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.44, "title": "Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos", "uid": "600171", "west": -111.18}, {"awards": "0839059 Powell, Ross", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-168.7 -82.3,-168.69 -82.3,-168.68 -82.3,-168.67 -82.3,-168.66 -82.3,-168.65 -82.3,-168.64 -82.3,-168.63 -82.3,-168.62 -82.3,-168.61 -82.3,-168.6 -82.3,-168.6 -82.31,-168.6 -82.32,-168.6 -82.33,-168.6 -82.34,-168.6 -82.35,-168.6 -82.36,-168.6 -82.37,-168.6 -82.38,-168.6 -82.39,-168.6 -82.4,-168.61 -82.4,-168.62 -82.4,-168.63 -82.4,-168.64 -82.4,-168.65 -82.4,-168.66 -82.4,-168.67 -82.4,-168.68 -82.4,-168.69 -82.4,-168.7 -82.4,-168.7 -82.39,-168.7 -82.38,-168.7 -82.37,-168.7 -82.36,-168.7 -82.35,-168.7 -82.34,-168.7 -82.33,-168.7 -82.32,-168.7 -82.31,-168.7 -82.3))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The LISSARD project (Lake and Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) is one of three research components of the WISSARD integrative initiative (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) that is being funded by the Antarctic Integrated System Science Program of NSF\u0027s Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. The overarching scientific objective of WISSARD is to assess the role of water beneath a West Antarctic ice stream in interlinked glaciological, geological, microbiological, geochemical, and oceanographic systems. The LISSARD component of WISSARD focuses on the role of active subglacial lakes in determining how fast the West Antarctic ice sheet loses mass to the global ocean and influences global sea level changes. The importance of Antarctic subglacial lakes has only been recently recognized, and the lakes have been identified as high priority targets for scientific investigations because of their unknown contributions to ice sheet stability under future global warming scenarios. LISSARD has several primary science goals: A) To provide an observational basis for improving treatments of subglacial hydrological and mechanical processes in models of ice sheet mass balance and stability; B) To reconstruct the past history of ice stream stability by analyzing archives of past basal water and ice flow variability contained in subglacial sediments, porewater, lake water, and basal accreted ice; C) To provide background understanding of subglacial lake environments to benefit RAGES and GBASE (the other two components of the WISSARD project); and D) To synthesize data and concepts developed as part of this project to determine whether subglacial lakes play an important role in (de)stabilizing Antarctic ice sheets. We propose an unprecedented synthesis of approaches to studying ice sheet processes, including: (1) satellite remote sensing, (2) surface geophysics, (3) borehole observations and measurements and, (4) basal and subglacial sampling.\nThe latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recognized that the greatest uncertainties in assessing future global sea-level change stem from a poor understanding of ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet vulnerability to oceanic and atmospheric warming. Disintegration of the WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) alone would contribute 3-5 m to global sea-level rise, making WAIS a focus of scientific concern due to its potential susceptibility to internal or ocean-driven instability. The overall WISSARD project will test the overarching hypothesis that active water drainage connects various subglacial environments and exerts major control on ice sheet flow, geochemistry, metabolic and phylogenetic diversity, and biogeochemical transformations.\nSocietal Relevance: Global warming, melting of ice sheets and consequential sea-level rise are of high societal relevance. Science Resource Development: After a 9-year hiatus WISSARD will provide the US-science community with a renewed capability to access and study sub-ice sheet environments. Developing this technological infrastructure will benefit the broader science community and assets will be accessible for future use through the NSF-OPP drilling contractor. Furthermore, these projects will pioneer an approach implementing recommendations from the National Research Council committee on Principles of Environmental Stewardship for the Exploration and Study of Subglacial Environments (2007). Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating them in our research programs; ii) introducing new investigators to the polar sciences by incorporating promising young investigators in our programs, iii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by incorporating various teachers and NSTA programs, and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as popular science magazines, museum based activities and videography and documentary films. In summary, WISSARD will promote scientific exploration of Antarctica by conveying to the public the excitement of accessing and studying what may be some of the last unexplored aquatic environments on Earth, and which represent a potential analogue for extraterrestrial life habitats on Europa and Mars.", "east": -168.6, "geometry": ["POINT(-168.65 -82.35)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Diatom; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Lake Whillans; Paleoclimate; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Subglacial Lake; WISSARD", "locations": "Lake Whillans; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -82.3, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Powell, Ross", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000105", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -82.4, "title": "Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability and Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake and Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)", "uid": "600154", "west": -168.7}, {"awards": "1250208 Friedlaender, Ari", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-80 -63,-78 -63,-76 -63,-74 -63,-72 -63,-70 -63,-68 -63,-66 -63,-64 -63,-62 -63,-60 -63,-60 -63.7,-60 -64.4,-60 -65.1,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.5,-60 -67.2,-60 -67.9,-60 -68.6,-60 -69.3,-60 -70,-62 -70,-64 -70,-66 -70,-68 -70,-70 -70,-72 -70,-74 -70,-76 -70,-78 -70,-80 -70,-80 -69.3,-80 -68.6,-80 -67.9,-80 -67.2,-80 -66.5,-80 -65.8,-80 -65.1,-80 -64.4,-80 -63.7,-80 -63))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Whales play a central role in the ecology and biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean. However, little is known regarding their distribution and behavior, in part because of challenges associated with studying these organisms from large research vessels. This research will take advantage of the unique opportunity presented by the 2012-2013 test run of the smaller, more mobile R/V Point Sur. This work will use the Point Sur to investigate humpback whales in the waters studied by the Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Station off the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Employing a combination of long-term satellite-linked tags and short-term suction cup tags, researchers will investigate the distribution, abundance and foraging behaviors of whales in this region. Whale biogeography will then be related to quantitative surveys of krill, their primary food source. Hypotheses regarding whale distribution and foraging strategies as well as physical oceanographic features will be tested. The WAP is undergoing some of the most dramatic warming on the planet, and a better understanding of the ecology of top predators is central to developing an understanding of the impacts of this change. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. Finally, this work will be coordinated with the extensive infrastructure of the Palmer LTER site, enabling outreach and educational activities.\n", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-70 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Oceans; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean; Whales", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Friedlaender, Ari; Johnston, David; Nowacek, Douglas", "project_titles": "RAPID: Linking the Movement Patterns and Foraging Behavior of Humpback Whales to their Prey across Multiple Spatial Scales within the LTER Study Region", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000666", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RAPID: Linking the Movement Patterns and Foraging Behavior of Humpback Whales to their Prey across Multiple Spatial Scales within the LTER Study Region"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "Linking the Movement Patterns and Foraging Behavior of Humpback Whales to their Prey across Multiple Spatial Scales within the LTER Study Region", "uid": "600151", "west": -80.0}, {"awards": "1043580 Reusch, David", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -47,-144 -47,-108 -47,-72 -47,-36 -47,0 -47,36 -47,72 -47,108 -47,144 -47,180 -47,180 -51.3,180 -55.6,180 -59.9,180 -64.2,180 -68.5,180 -72.8,180 -77.1,180 -81.4,180 -85.7,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -85.7,-180 -81.4,-180 -77.1,-180 -72.8,-180 -68.5,-180 -64.2,-180 -59.9,-180 -55.6,-180 -51.3,-180 -47))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The presence of ice ponds from surface melting of glacial ice can be a significant threshold in assessing the stability of ice sheets, and their overall response to a warming climate. Snow melt has a much reduced albedo, leading to additional seasonal melting from warming insolation. Water run-off not only contributes to the mass loss of ice sheets directly, but meltwater reaching the glacial ice bed may lubricate faster flow of ice sheets towards the ocean. Surficial meltwater may also reach the grounding lines of glacial ice through the wedging open of existing crevasses. The occurrence and amount of meltwater refreeze has even been suggested as a paleo proxy of near-surface atmospheric temperature regimes.\nUsing contemporary remote sensing (microwave) satellite assessment of surface melt occurrence and extent, the predictive skill of regional meteorological models and reanalyses (e.g. WRF, ERA-Interim) to describe the synoptic conditions favourable to surficial melt is to be investigated. Statistical approaches and pattern recognition techniques are argued to provide a context for projecting future ice sheet change.\nThe previous Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4) commented on our lack of understanding of ice-sheet mass balance processes in polar regions and the potential for sea-level change. The IPPC suggested that the forthcoming AR5 efforts highlight regional cryosphere modeling efforts, such as is proposed here.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Climate Model; Meteorology; Surface Melt", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -47.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Reusch, David", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000447", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs", "uid": "600166", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1355533 Dayton, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -78,163.4 -78,163.8 -78,164.2 -78,164.6 -78,165 -78,165.4 -78,165.8 -78,166.2 -78,166.6 -78,167 -78,167 -78.05,167 -78.1,167 -78.15,167 -78.2,167 -78.25,167 -78.3,167 -78.35,167 -78.4,167 -78.45,167 -78.5,166.6 -78.5,166.2 -78.5,165.8 -78.5,165.4 -78.5,165 -78.5,164.6 -78.5,164.2 -78.5,163.8 -78.5,163.4 -78.5,163 -78.5,163 -78.45,163 -78.4,163 -78.35,163 -78.3,163 -78.25,163 -78.2,163 -78.15,163 -78.1,163 -78.05,163 -78))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic benthic communities are characterized by many species of sponges (Phylum Porifera), long thought to exhibit extremely slow demographic patterns of settlement, growth and reproduction. This project will analyze many hundreds of diver and remotely operated underwater vehicle photographs documenting a unique, episodic settlement event that occurred between 2000 and 2010 in McMurdo Sound that challenges this paradigm of slow growth. Artificial structures were placed on the seafloor between 1967 and 1974 at several sites, but no sponges were observed to settle on these structures until 2004. By 2010 some 40 species of sponges had settled and grown to be surprisingly large. Given the paradigm of slow settlement and growth supported by the long observation period (37 years, 1967-2004), this extraordinary large-scale settlement and rapid growth over just a 6-year time span is astonishing. This project utilizes image processing software (ImageJ) to obtain metrics (linear dimensions to estimate size, frequency, percent cover) for sponges and other fauna visible in the photographs. It uses R to conduct multidimensional scaling to ordinate community data and ANOSIM to test for differences of community data among sites and times and structures. It will also use SIMPER and ranked species abundances to discriminate species responsible for any differences.\nThis work focuses on Antarctic sponges, but the observations of massive episodic recruitment and growth are important to understanding seafloor communities worldwide. Ecosystems are composed of populations, and populations are ecologically described by their distribution and abundance. A little appreciated fact is that sponges often dominate marine communities, but because sponges are so hard to study, most workers focus on other groups such as corals, kelps, or bivalves. Because most sponges settle and grow slowly their life history is virtually unstudied. The assumption of relative stasis of the Antarctic seafloor community is common, and this project will shatter this paradigm by documenting a dramatic episodic event. Finally, the project takes advantage of old transects from the 1960s and 1970s and compares them with extensive 2010 surveys of the same habitats and sometimes the same intact transect lines, offering a long-term perspective of community change. The investigators will publish these results in peer-reviewed journals, give presentations to the general public and will involve students from local outreach programs, high schools, and undergraduates at UCSD to help with the analysis.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165 -78.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Bentic Fauna; Biota; Mcmurdo Sound; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -78.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Dayton, Paul", "project_titles": "EAGER: A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000401", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization", "uid": "600164", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "0839107 Powell, Ross", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-163.7 -84,-163.68 -84,-163.66 -84,-163.64 -84,-163.62 -84,-163.6 -84,-163.58 -84,-163.56 -84,-163.54 -84,-163.52 -84,-163.5 -84,-163.5 -84.05,-163.5 -84.1,-163.5 -84.15,-163.5 -84.2,-163.5 -84.25,-163.5 -84.3,-163.5 -84.35,-163.5 -84.4,-163.5 -84.45,-163.5 -84.5,-163.52 -84.5,-163.54 -84.5,-163.56 -84.5,-163.58 -84.5,-163.6 -84.5,-163.62 -84.5,-163.64 -84.5,-163.66 -84.5,-163.68 -84.5,-163.7 -84.5,-163.7 -84.45,-163.7 -84.4,-163.7 -84.35,-163.7 -84.3,-163.7 -84.25,-163.7 -84.2,-163.7 -84.15,-163.7 -84.1,-163.7 -84.05,-163.7 -84))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The RAGES project (Robotic Access to Grounding zones for Exploration and Science) is one of three research components of the WISSARD (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) integrative initiative that is being funded by the Antarctic Integrated System Science Program of NSF\u0027s Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. The overarching scientific objective of WISSARD is to assess the role of water beneath a West Antarctic ice stream in interlinked glaciological, geological, microbiological, geochemical, and oceanographic systems. The RAGES component of WISSARD concentrates on the stability of ice stream grounding zones (GZ), the area where the ice, ocean waters and glacial and sea floor sediment interact. Based on our present limited data and modeling efforts, GZs can be perturbed by (i) internal ice stream dynamics, (ii) filling/draining cycles of subglacial lakes, (iii) increased melting by warming ocean waters, and/or (iv) rates of subglacial sediment (till) supply to the GZ. GZs are seen as high priority targets to investigate due to their unknown contributions to ice sheet stability under future global warming scenarios. The three main science goals for RAGES are to assess: (a) West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) stability relative to the magnitudes of the four main variables listed above; (b) the degree to which grounding-zone sedimentary systems house important records of past WAIS dynamics; and (c) the importance of microbial activity and subglacial geochemical weathering in supplying nutrients to the WAIS grounding zone, the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) cavity, and the highly productive Southern Ocean that may ultimately influence global biogeochemical cycles. The RAGES field sampling plan integrates surface geophysical surveys with borehole and subglacial sampling and measurements. The boreholes provide: (1) samples of subglacial water, sediments, and basal ice for biological, geochemical, glaciological, sedimentological, and micropaleontological analyses; (2) measures of subglacial and sub-ice-shelf cavity physical and chemical conditions and their spatial variability; and (3) data on sediment types, state and change of the subglacial water discharge, oceanography, and basal ice at the grounding line and within the nearby sub-ice-shelf cavity. Unique tools to be deployed include a multisensor Sub-Ice ROVer (Remotely Operated Vehicle) and long-term, sub-ice oceanographic moorings.\nThe latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recognized that the greatest uncertainties in assessing future global sea-level change stem from a poor understanding of ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet vulnerability to oceanic and atmospheric warming. Disintegration of the WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) alone would contribute 3-5 m to global sea-level rise, making WAIS a focus of scientific concern due to its potential susceptibility to internal or ocean-driven instability. The overall WISSARD project will test the overarching hypothesis that active water drainage connects various subglacial environments and exerts major control on ice sheet flow, geochemistry, metabolic and phylogenetic diversity, and biogeochemical transformations.\nSocietal Relevance: Global warming, melting of ice sheets and consequential sea-level rise are of high societal relevance. Science Resource Development: After a 9-year hiatus WISSARD will provide the US-science community with a renewed capability to access and study sub-ice sheet environments. Developing this technological infrastructure will benefit the broader science community and assets will be accessible for future use through the NSF-OPP drilling contractor. The RAGES project represents a significant advance in polar technology by incorporating the use of complex new instrumentation like the Sub-Ice ROVer and subglacial ocean/lake mooring systems. Furthermore, these projects will pioneer an approach implementing recommendations from the National Research Council committee on Principles of Environmental Stewardship for the Exploration and Study of Subglacial Environments (2007). Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating them in our research programs; ii) introducing new investigators to the polar sciences by incorporating promising young investigators in our programs, iii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by incorporating various teachers and NSTA programs, and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as popular science magazines, museum based activities and videography and documentary films. In summary, WISSARD will promote scientific exploration of Antarctica by conveying to the public the excitement of accessing and studying what may be some of the last unexplored aquatic environments on Earth, and which represent a potential analogue for extraterrestrial life habitats on Europa and Mars.", "east": -163.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-163.6 -84.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Oceans; Southern Ocean; WISSARD", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -84.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Powell, Ross", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000105", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.5, "title": "Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability and Subglacial Life Habitats - Robotic Access to Grounding-zones for Exploration and Science (RAGES)", "uid": "600155", "west": -163.7}, {"awards": "0230316 White, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-134.43 -74.04)"], "date_created": "Tue, 24 Nov 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set consists of water isotope ratios from the Mt. Moulton ice-trench record, as well as data from the Taylor Dome, EPICA Dome C, Talos Dome, Vostok, and EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice cores.", "east": -134.43, "geometry": ["POINT(-134.43 -74.04)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Epica Dome C; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Isotope; Lake Vostok; Mount Moulton; Paleoclimate; Talos Dome; Taylor Dome", "locations": "Lake Vostok; Taylor Dome; Epica Dome C; Mount Moulton; Talos Dome; Antarctica", "north": -74.04, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Steig, Eric J.; White, James; Popp, Trevor", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Refining a 500-kry Climate Record From the Moulton Blue Ice Field in West Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000755", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Refining a 500-kry Climate Record From the Moulton Blue Ice Field in West Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -74.04, "title": "Mount Moulton Isotopes and Other Ice Core Data", "uid": "609640", "west": -134.43}, {"awards": "1343649 Levy, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162.852 -77.6111,162.9893 -77.6111,163.1266 -77.6111,163.2639 -77.6111,163.4012 -77.6111,163.5385 -77.6111,163.6758 -77.6111,163.8131 -77.6111,163.9504 -77.6111,164.0877 -77.6111,164.225 -77.6111,164.225 -77.65331,164.225 -77.69552,164.225 -77.73773,164.225 -77.77994,164.225 -77.82215,164.225 -77.86436,164.225 -77.90657,164.225 -77.94878,164.225 -77.99099,164.225 -78.0332,164.0877 -78.0332,163.9504 -78.0332,163.8131 -78.0332,163.6758 -78.0332,163.5385 -78.0332,163.4012 -78.0332,163.2639 -78.0332,163.1266 -78.0332,162.9893 -78.0332,162.852 -78.0332,162.852 -77.99099,162.852 -77.94878,162.852 -77.90657,162.852 -77.86436,162.852 -77.82215,162.852 -77.77994,162.852 -77.73773,162.852 -77.69552,162.852 -77.65331,162.852 -77.6111))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The PIs propose to quantify the hillslope water, solute, and carbon budgets for Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, using water tracks to investigate near-surface geological processes and challenge the paradigm that shallow groundwater is minimal or non-exixtant. Water tracks are linear zones of high soil moisture that route shallow groundwater downslope in permafrost dominated soils. Four hypotheses will be tested: 1) water tracks are important pathways for water and solute transport; 2) water tracks transport more dissolved silica than streams in Taylor Valley indicating they are the primary site of chemical weathering for cold desert soils and bedrock; 3) water tracks that drain highland terrains are dominated by humidity-separated brines while water tracks that drain lowland terrains are dominated by marine aerosols; 4) water tracks are the sites of the highest terrestrial soil carbon concentrations and the strongest CO2 fluxes in Taylor Valley and their carbon content increases with soil age, while carbon flux decreases with age. To test these hypotheses the PIs will carry out a suite of field measurements supported by modeling and remote sensing. They will install shallow permafrost wells in water tracks that span the range of geological, climatological, and topographic conditions in Taylor Valley. Multifrequency electromagnetic induction sounding of the upper ~1 m of the permafrost will create the first comprehensive map of soil moisture in Taylor Valley, and will permit direct quantification of water track discharge across the valley. The carbon contents of water track soils will be measured and linked to global carbon dynamics.\n\nNon-science majors at Oregon State University will be integrated into the proposed research through a new Global Environmental Change course focusing on the scientific method in Antarctica. Three undergraduate students, members of underrepresented minorities, will be entrained in the research, will contribute to all aspects of field and laboratory science, and will present results at national meetings.\n", "east": 164.225, "geometry": ["POINT(163.5385 -77.82215)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:soil; Chemistry:Soil; Critical Zone; Dry Valleys; Permafrost; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Well Measurements", "locations": "Dry Valleys; Antarctica", "north": -77.6111, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Levy, Joseph", "project_titles": "Cryptic Hydrology of the McMurdo Dry Valleys: Water Track Contributions to Water and Geochemical Budgets in Taylor Valley, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000407", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Cryptic Hydrology of the McMurdo Dry Valleys: Water Track Contributions to Water and Geochemical Budgets in Taylor Valley, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0332, "title": "Cryptic Hydrology of the McMurdo Dry Valleys: Water Track Contributions to Water and Geochemical Budgets in Taylor Valley, Antarctica", "uid": "600139", "west": 162.852}, {"awards": "1043657 Cassano, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -74.5,163.9 -74.5,164.8 -74.5,165.7 -74.5,166.6 -74.5,167.5 -74.5,168.4 -74.5,169.3 -74.5,170.2 -74.5,171.1 -74.5,172 -74.5,172 -74.9,172 -75.3,172 -75.7,172 -76.1,172 -76.5,172 -76.9,172 -77.3,172 -77.7,172 -78.1,172 -78.5,171.1 -78.5,170.2 -78.5,169.3 -78.5,168.4 -78.5,167.5 -78.5,166.6 -78.5,165.7 -78.5,164.8 -78.5,163.9 -78.5,163 -78.5,163 -78.1,163 -77.7,163 -77.3,163 -76.9,163 -76.5,163 -76.1,163 -75.7,163 -75.3,163 -74.9,163 -74.5))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic coastal polynas are, at the same time, sea-ice free sites and \u0027sea-ice factories\u0027. They are open water surface locations where water mass transformation and densification occurs, and where atmospheric exchanges with the deep ocean circulation are established. Various models of the formation and persistence of these productive and diverse ocean ecosystems are hampered by the relative lack of in situ meteorological and physical oceanographic observations, especially during the inhospitable conditions of their formation and activity during the polar night.\n\nCharacterization of the lower atmosphere properties, air-sea surface heat fluxes and corresponding ocean hydrographic profiles of Antarctic polynyas, especially during strong wind events, is sought for a more detailed understanding of the role of polynyas in the production of latent-heat type sea ice and the formation, through sea ice brine rejection, of dense ocean bottom waters.\n\nA key technological innovation in this work continues to be the use of instrumented unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), to enable the persistent and safe observation of the interaction of light and strong katabatic wind fields, and mesocale cyclones in the Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Antarctica) polynya waters during late winter and early summer time frames.\n", "east": 172.0, "geometry": ["POINT(167.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Navigation; Oceans; Southern Ocean; Unmanned Aircraft", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -74.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Cassano, John; Palo, Scott", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000417", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica", "uid": "600125", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "1043485 Curtice, Josh", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163.4 -77.47989,163.9848 -77.47989,164.5696 -77.47989,165.1544 -77.47989,165.7392 -77.47989,166.324 -77.47989,166.9088 -77.47989,167.4936 -77.47989,168.0784 -77.47989,168.6632 -77.47989,169.248 -77.47989,169.248 -77.565701,169.248 -77.651512,169.248 -77.737323,169.248 -77.823134,169.248 -77.908945,169.248 -77.994756,169.248 -78.080567,169.248 -78.166378,169.248 -78.252189,169.248 -78.338,168.6632 -78.338,168.0784 -78.338,167.4936 -78.338,166.9088 -78.338,166.324 -78.338,165.7392 -78.338,165.1544 -78.338,164.5696 -78.338,163.9848 -78.338,163.4 -78.338,163.4 -78.252189,163.4 -78.166378,163.4 -78.080567,163.4 -77.994756,163.4 -77.908945,163.4 -77.823134,163.4 -77.737323,163.4 -77.651512,163.4 -77.565701,163.4 -77.47989))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to develop a better understanding of the response of the WAIS to climate change. The timing of the last deglaciation of the western Ross Sea will be improved using in situ terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (3He, 10Be, 14C, 26Al, 36Cl) to date glacial erratics at key areas and elevations along the western Ross Sea coast. A state-of-the art ice sheet-shelf model will be used to identify mechanisms of deglaciation of the Ross Sea sector of WAIS. The model results and forcing will be compared with observations including the new cosmogenic data proposed here, with the aim of better determining and understanding the history and causes of WAIS deglaciation in the Ross Sea. There is considerable uncertainty, however, in the history of grounding line retreat from its last glacial maximum position, and virtually nothing is known about the timing of ice- surface lowering prior to ~10,000 years ago. Given these uncertainties, we are currently unable to assess one of the most important questions regarding the last deglaciation of the global ice sheets, namely as to whether the Ross Sea sector of WAIS contributed significantly to meltwater pulse 1A (MWP-1A), an extraordinarily rapid (~500-year duration) episode of ~20 m sea-level rise that occurred ~14,500 years ago. The intellectual merit of this project is that recent observations of startling changes at the margins of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets indicate that dynamic responses to warming may play a much greater role in the future mass balance of ice sheets than considered in current numerical projections of sea level rise. The broader impacts of this work are that it has direct societal relevance to developing an improved understanding of the response of the West Antarctic ice sheet to current and possible future environmental changes including the sea-level response to glacier and ice sheet melting due to global warming. The PI will communicate results from this project to a variety of audiences through the publication of peer-reviewed papers and by giving talks to public audiences. Finally the project will support a graduate student and undergraduate students in all phases of field-work, laboratory work and data interpretation.\n", "east": 169.248, "geometry": ["POINT(166.324 -77.908945)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cosmogenic Dating; Ross Sea; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean; WAIS", "locations": "WAIS; Ross Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.47989, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Kurz, Mark D.; Curtice, Josh", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: A New Reconstruction of the Last West Antarctic Ice Sheet Deglaciation in the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000194", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: A New Reconstruction of the Last West Antarctic Ice Sheet Deglaciation in the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.338, "title": "A New Reconstruction of the Last West Antarctic Ice Sheet Deglaciation in the Ross Sea", "uid": "600123", "west": 163.4}, {"awards": "1041022 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-79 -60,-76.4 -60,-73.8 -60,-71.2 -60,-68.6 -60,-66 -60,-63.4 -60,-60.8 -60,-58.2 -60,-55.6 -60,-53 -60,-53 -61,-53 -62,-53 -63,-53 -64,-53 -65,-53 -66,-53 -67,-53 -68,-53 -69,-53 -70,-55.6 -70,-58.2 -70,-60.8 -70,-63.4 -70,-66 -70,-68.6 -70,-71.2 -70,-73.8 -70,-76.4 -70,-79 -70,-79 -69,-79 -68,-79 -67,-79 -66,-79 -65,-79 -64,-79 -63,-79 -62,-79 -61,-79 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The research will investigate the individual and combined effects of rising ocean acidification and sea surface temperatures on shallow-water calcified benthic organisms in western Antarctic Peninsular (WAP) marine communities. The Southern Ocean is predicted to become undersaturated in terms of both aragonite and calcite within 50 and 100 years, respectively, challenging calcification processes. Adding to the problem, antarctic calcified benthic marine organisms are more vulnerable to ocean acidification than temperate and tropical species because they are generally weakly calcified. Many antarctic organisms are essentially stenothermal, and those in the West Antarctic Peninsula are being subjected to rising seawater temperatures. The project employs both single-species and multi-species level approaches to evaluating the impacts of rising ocean acidification and seawater temperature on representative calcified and non-calcified macroalgae, on calcified and non-calcified mesograzers, and on a calcified macro-grazer, all of which are important ecological players in the rich benthic communities. Multi-species analysis will focus on the diverse assemblage of amphipods and mesogastropods that are associated with dominant macroalgae that collectively play a key role in community dynamics along the WAP. The project will support undergraduate research, both through NSF programs, as well as home university-based programs, some designed to enhance the representation of minorities in the sciences. The principal investigators also will support and foster graduate education through mentoring of graduate students. Through their highly successful UAB IN ANTARCTICA interactive web program, they will continue to involve large numbers of teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large in their scientific endeavors in Antarctica.", "east": -53.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-66 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "McClintock, James; Amsler, Charles; Angus, Robert", "project_titles": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000426", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica", "uid": "600122", "west": -79.0}, {"awards": "0944193 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-88 42,-87.9 42,-87.8 42,-87.7 42,-87.6 42,-87.5 42,-87.4 42,-87.3 42,-87.2 42,-87.1 42,-87 42,-87 41.9,-87 41.8,-87 41.7,-87 41.6,-87 41.5,-87 41.4,-87 41.3,-87 41.2,-87 41.1,-87 41,-87.1 41,-87.2 41,-87.3 41,-87.4 41,-87.5 41,-87.6 41,-87.7 41,-87.8 41,-87.9 41,-88 41,-88 41.1,-88 41.2,-88 41.3,-88 41.4,-88 41.5,-88 41.6,-88 41.7,-88 41.8,-88 41.9,-88 42))"], "date_created": "Mon, 25 Aug 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set represents a typical single iceberg capsize experiment. Included in this data set are all the parameters of the plastic iceberg\u0027s density and dimensions, the density of the water surrounding the iceberg, and the value of gravitational acceleration. The timeseries data consists of all the kinematic and energetic variables as a function of time for the iceberg capsize experiment.", "east": -87.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-87.5 41.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Iceberg; Kinetics", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": 42.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Explosive Ice-Shelf Disintegration", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000005", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Explosive Ice-Shelf Disintegration"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": 41.0, "title": "Iceberg Capsize Kinematics and Energetics", "uid": "609590", "west": -88.0}, {"awards": "0944248 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-63 -63,-62.2 -63,-61.4 -63,-60.6 -63,-59.8 -63,-59 -63,-58.2 -63,-57.4 -63,-56.6 -63,-55.8 -63,-55 -63,-55 -63.4,-55 -63.8,-55 -64.2,-55 -64.6,-55 -65,-55 -65.4,-55 -65.8,-55 -66.2,-55 -66.6,-55 -67,-55.8 -67,-56.6 -67,-57.4 -67,-58.2 -67,-59 -67,-59.8 -67,-60.6 -67,-61.4 -67,-62.2 -67,-63 -67,-63 -66.6,-63 -66.2,-63 -65.8,-63 -65.4,-63 -65,-63 -64.6,-63 -64.2,-63 -63.8,-63 -63.4,-63 -63))"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Apr 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set addresses why surface melt water lakes on ice shelves and ice sheets are notably influential in triggering ice-shelf break-up and modulating seasonal ice flow, and are thus principle avenues by which environmental change can be transmitted to the ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland. A comparative analysis is performed of lake geometry and derived depth (using Landsat image reflectance) in two distinct regions, one a collapsing ice shelf and the other an ablation zone of a land terminating ice sheet, to better characterize the range of surface lake variability.", "east": -55.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-59 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Shelf; Larsen B Ice Shelf; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Supraglacial Meltwater", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Larsen B Ice Shelf; Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Model Studies of Surface Water Behavior on Ice Shelves", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000052", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Model Studies of Surface Water Behavior on Ice Shelves"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "Standing Water Depth on Larsen B Ice Shelf", "uid": "609584", "west": -63.0}, {"awards": "0838937 Costa, Daniel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal\u0027s diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts.\n", "east": 169.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Costa, Daniel", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000661", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "uid": "600025", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "1045215 Gooseff, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((160 -77.25,160.5 -77.25,161 -77.25,161.5 -77.25,162 -77.25,162.5 -77.25,163 -77.25,163.5 -77.25,164 -77.25,164.5 -77.25,165 -77.25,165 -77.375,165 -77.5,165 -77.625,165 -77.75,165 -77.875,165 -78,165 -78.125,165 -78.25,165 -78.375,165 -78.5,164.5 -78.5,164 -78.5,163.5 -78.5,163 -78.5,162.5 -78.5,162 -78.5,161.5 -78.5,161 -78.5,160.5 -78.5,160 -78.5,160 -78.375,160 -78.25,160 -78.125,160 -78,160 -77.875,160 -77.75,160 -77.625,160 -77.5,160 -77.375,160 -77.25))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Intellectual Merit: Until recently, wetted soils in the Dry Valleys were generally only found adjacent to streams and lakes. Since the warm austral summer of 2002, numerous \"wet spots\" have been observed far from shorelines on relatively flat valley floor locations and as downslope fingers of flow on valley walls. The source of the water to wet these soils is unclear, as is the spatial and temporal pattern of occurrence from year to year. Their significance is potentially great as enhanced soil moisture may change the thermodynamics, hydrology, and erosion rate of surface soils, and facilitate transport of materials that had previously been stable. These changes to the soil active layer could significantly modify permafrost and ground ice stability within the Dry Valleys. The PIs seek to investigate these changes to address two competing hypotheses: that the source of water to these ?wet spots? is ground ice melt and that the source of this water is snowmelt. The PIs will document the spatiotemporal dynamics of these wet areas using high frequency remote sensing data from QuickBird and WorldView satellites to document the occurrence, dimensions, and growth of wet spots during the 2010-\u00ad11 and 2011-\u00ad12 austral summers. They will test their hypotheses by determining whether wet spots recur in the same locations in each season, and they will compare present to past distribution using archived imagery. They will also determine whether spatial snow accumulation patterns and temporal ablation patterns are coincident with wet spot formation. Broader impacts: One graduate student will be trained on this project. Findings will be reported at scientific meetings and published in peer reviewed journals. They will also develop a teaching module on remote sensing applications to hydrology for the Modular Curriculum for Hydrologic Advancement and an innovative prototype project designed to leverage public participation in mapping wet spots and snow patches across the Dry Valleys through the use of social media and mobile computing applications.\n", "east": 165.0, "geometry": ["POINT(162.5 -77.875)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Climate; Critical Zone; Dry Valleys; Radar; Soil Moisture", "locations": "Dry Valleys; Antarctica", "north": -77.25, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Gooseff, Michael N.", "project_titles": "EAGER: Are the Dry Valleys Getting Wetter? A Preliminary Assessment of Wetness Across the McMurdo Dry Valleys Landscape", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000471", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: Are the Dry Valleys Getting Wetter? A Preliminary Assessment of Wetness Across the McMurdo Dry Valleys Landscape"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "Are the Dry Valleys Getting Wetter? A Preliminary Assessment of Wetness Across the McMurdo Dry Valleys Landscape", "uid": "600131", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "1354231 Kowalewski, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-160 -70,-156 -70,-152 -70,-148 -70,-144 -70,-140 -70,-136 -70,-132 -70,-128 -70,-124 -70,-120 -70,-120 -71.5,-120 -73,-120 -74.5,-120 -76,-120 -77.5,-120 -79,-120 -80.5,-120 -82,-120 -83.5,-120 -85,-124 -85,-128 -85,-132 -85,-136 -85,-140 -85,-144 -85,-148 -85,-152 -85,-156 -85,-160 -85,-160 -83.5,-160 -82,-160 -80.5,-160 -79,-160 -77.5,-160 -76,-160 -74.5,-160 -73,-160 -71.5,-160 -70))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Intellectual Merit: Neogene sediment records recovered by ANDRILL suggest multiple events of open water conditions and elevated sea surface temperatures at times when terrestrial data from the McMurdo Dry Valleys indicate hyper arid, cold, desert conditions. Interpretation of the ANDRILL data suggests the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is highly sensitive to changes in Pliocene sea surface temperatures and this conclusion has been supported by recent Global Circulation Model results for the early to mid Pliocene. The PIs propose to model paleo-ice configurations and warm orbits associated with a WAIS collapse to assess potential climate change in East Antarctica. During such episodes of polar warmth they propose to answer: What is the limit of ablation along the East Antarctic Ice Sheet?; Are relict landforms in the Dry Valleys susceptible to modification from increase in maximum summertime temperatures?; and Is there sufficient increase in minimum wintertime temperatures to sustain a tundra environment in the Dry Valleys? Integration of depositional records and model outputs have the potential to test the performance of numerical models currently under development as part of ANDRILL; reconcile inconsistencies between marine and terrestrial paleoclimate records in high Southern Latitudes; and improve understanding of Antarctic climate and ice volume sensitivity to forcing for both the East Antarctic and West Antarctic Ice Sheets. Broader impacts: Results from this study have the potential to be used widely by the research community. Outreach to local elementary schools from other funded efforts will continue and be extended to homeschooled students. A Post Doc will be supported as part of this award.\n", "east": -120.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-140 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Model Data; Paleoclimate; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Transantarctic Mountains; Antarctica", "north": -70.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Kowalewski, Douglas", "project_titles": "Validating contrasting terrestrial climate-sensitive Pliocene deposits through high resolution modeling of paleo-environments in the Transantarctic Mountains", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000463", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Validating contrasting terrestrial climate-sensitive Pliocene deposits through high resolution modeling of paleo-environments in the Transantarctic Mountains"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -85.0, "title": "Validating contrasting terrestrial climate-sensitive Pliocene deposits through high resolution modeling of paleo-environments in the Transantarctic Mountains", "uid": "600140", "west": -160.0}, {"awards": "0838996 Hollibaugh, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-79 -63,-77.5 -63,-76 -63,-74.5 -63,-73 -63,-71.5 -63,-70 -63,-68.5 -63,-67 -63,-65.5 -63,-64 -63,-64 -63.8,-64 -64.6,-64 -65.4,-64 -66.2,-64 -67,-64 -67.8,-64 -68.6,-64 -69.4,-64 -70.2,-64 -71,-65.5 -71,-67 -71,-68.5 -71,-70 -71,-71.5 -71,-73 -71,-74.5 -71,-76 -71,-77.5 -71,-79 -71,-79 -70.2,-79 -69.4,-79 -68.6,-79 -67.8,-79 -67,-79 -66.2,-79 -65.4,-79 -64.6,-79 -63.8,-79 -63))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ammonia oxidation is the first step in the conversion of regenerated nitrogen to dinitrogen gas, a 3-step pathway mediated by 3 distinct guilds of bacteria and archaea. Ammonia oxidation and the overall process of nitrification-denitrification have received relatively little attention in polar oceans where the effects of climate change on biogeochemical rates are likely to be pronounced. Previous work on Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea (AOA) in the Palmer LTER study area West of the Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), has suggested strong vertical segregation of crenarchaeote metabolism, with the \u0027winter water\u0027 (WW, ~50-100 m depth range) dominated by non-AOA crenarchaeotes, while Crenarchaeota populations in the \u0027circumpolar deep water\u0027 (CDW), which lies immediately below the winter water (150-3500 m), are dominated by AOA. Analysis of a limited number of samples from the Arctic Ocean did not reveal a comparable vertical segregation of AOA, and suggested that AOA and Crenarchaeota abundance is much lower there than in the Antarctic. These findings led to 3 hypotheses that will be tested in this project: 1) the apparent low abundance of Crenarchaeota and AOA in Arctic Ocean samples may be due to spatial or temporal variability in populations; 2) the WW population of Crenarchaeota in the WAP is dominated by a heterotroph; 3) the WW population of Crenarchaeota in the WAP \u0027grows in\u0027 during spring and summer after this water mass forms.\n\nThe study will contribute substantially to understanding an important aspect of the nitrogen cycle in the Palmer LTER (Long Term Ecological Research) study area by providing insights into the ecology and physiology of AOA. The natural segregation of crenarchaeote phenotypes in waters of the WAP, coupled with metagenomic studies in progress in the same area by others (A. Murray, H. Ducklow), offers the possibility of major breakthroughs in understanding of the metabolic capabilities of these organisms. This knowledge is needed to model how water column nitrification will respond to changes in polar ecosystems accompanying global climate change. The Principal Investigator will participate fully in the education and outreach efforts of the Palmer LTER, including making highlights of our findings available for posting to their project web site and participating in outreach (for example, Schoolyard LTER). The research also will involve undergraduates (including the field work if possible) and will support high school interns in the P.I.\u0027s laboratory over the summer.\n", "east": -64.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-71.5 -67)"], "keywords": "Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; LMG1006; LMG1101; LTER Palmer Station; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Hollibaugh, James T.", "project_titles": "Ammonia Oxidation Versus Heterotrophy in Crenarchaeota Populations from Marine Environments West of the Antarctic Peninsula", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000359", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ammonia Oxidation Versus Heterotrophy in Crenarchaeota Populations from Marine Environments West of the Antarctic Peninsula"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -71.0, "title": "Ammonia Oxidation Versus Heterotrophy in Crenarchaeota Populations from Marine Environments West of the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "600105", "west": -79.0}, {"awards": "0944201 Hofmann, Gretchen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-160 -68,-159 -68,-158 -68,-157 -68,-156 -68,-155 -68,-154 -68,-153 -68,-152 -68,-151 -68,-150 -68,-150 -69,-150 -70,-150 -71,-150 -72,-150 -73,-150 -74,-150 -75,-150 -76,-150 -77,-150 -78,-151 -78,-152 -78,-153 -78,-154 -78,-155 -78,-156 -78,-157 -78,-158 -78,-159 -78,-160 -78,-160 -77,-160 -76,-160 -75,-160 -74,-160 -73,-160 -72,-160 -71,-160 -70,-160 -69,-160 -68))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This research examines the effects of ocean acidification on embryos and larvae of a contemporary calcifier in the coastal waters of Antarctica, the sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri. The effect of future ocean acidification is projected to be particularly threatening to calcifying marine organisms in coldwater, high latitude seas, making tolerance data on these organisms a critical research need in Antarctic marine ecosystems. Due to a high magnesium (Mg) content of their calcitic hard parts, echinoderms are especially vulnerable to dissolution stress from ocean acidification because they currently inhabit seawater that is barely at the saturation level to support biogenic calcification. Thus, cold-water, high latitude species with a high Mg-content in their hard parts are considered to be the \u0027first responders\u0027 to chemical changes in the surface oceans. Studies in this proposal will use several metrics to examine the physiological plasticity of contemporary urchin embryos and larvae to CO2-acidified seawater, to mimic the scenarios defined by IPCC models and by analyses of future acidification predicted for the Southern Ocean. The research also will investigats the biological consequences of synergistic interactions of two converging climate change-related stressors - CO2- driven ocean acidification and ocean warming. Specifically the research will (1) assess the effect of CO2-acidified seawater on the development of early embryos and larvae, (2) using morphometrics, examine changes in the larval endoskeleton in response to development under the high-CO2 conditions of ocean acidification, (3) using a DNA microarray, profile changes in gene expression for genes involved in biomineralization and other important physiological processes, and (4) measure costs and physiological consequences of development under conditions of ocean acidification. The proposal will support the training of undergraduates, graduate students and a postdoctoral fellow. The PI also will collaborate with the UC Santa Barbara Gevirtz Graduate School of Education to link the biological effects of ocean acidification to the chemical changes expected for the Southern Ocean using the \u0027Science on a Sphere\u0027 technology. This display will be housed in an education and public outreach center, the Outreach Center for Teaching Ocean Science (OCTOS), a new state-of-the-art facility under construction at UC Santa Barbara.\n", "east": -150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-155 -73)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -68.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Hofmann, Gretchen", "project_titles": "Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000352", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri", "uid": "600112", "west": -160.0}, {"awards": "1019305 Grim, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Survival of Antarctic notothenioid fishes in the context of global climate change will depend upon the impact of rising oceanic temperatures on their embryonic development, yet little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this complex suite of processes. Many notothenioids are characterized by secondary pelagicism, which enables them to exploit food sources in the water column and is supported in part by skeletal pedomorphism. Here the PI proposes to examine the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate notothenioid skeletal pedomorphism. The research objectives are : 1) To quantify and localize ROS production and identify the point(s) of origin of ROS production in embryonic Antarctic fishes that differ in skeletal phenotypes 2) To determine whether the time course of embryogenesis and the extent of osteological development in embryonic Antarctic fishes can be altered by changing the oxidative status of the animal during embryogenesis 3) To evaluate whether transgenic alteration of oxidative status can induce skeletal pedomorphism in a fish model. Broader Impacts will include teaching undergraduate lectures, recruiting undergraduate students to help with lab analyses (and possibly field work), lectures and demonstrations to high school students, and allowing secondary educators access to personal photos and videos of research animals for curriculum development.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Biota; Fish Logs; LMG1203; LMG1204; LMG1205; Oceans; Pot; Southern Ocean; Trawl", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Grim, Jeffrey", "project_titles": "PostDoctoral Research Fellowship", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000482", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "PostDoctoral Research Fellowship"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Impact of Rising Oceanic Temperatures on the Embryonic Development of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "uid": "600119", "west": null}, {"awards": "0732983 Vernet, Maria", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-66 -62,-65.3 -62,-64.6 -62,-63.9 -62,-63.2 -62,-62.5 -62,-61.8 -62,-61.1 -62,-60.4 -62,-59.7 -62,-59 -62,-59 -62.8,-59 -63.6,-59 -64.4,-59 -65.2,-59 -66,-59 -66.8,-59 -67.6,-59 -68.4,-59 -69.2,-59 -70,-59.7 -70,-60.4 -70,-61.1 -70,-61.8 -70,-62.5 -70,-63.2 -70,-63.9 -70,-64.6 -70,-65.3 -70,-66 -70,-66 -69.2,-66 -68.4,-66 -67.6,-66 -66.8,-66 -66,-66 -65.2,-66 -64.4,-66 -63.6,-66 -62.8,-66 -62))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine Ecosystems. A profound transformation in ecosystem structure and function is occurring in coastal waters of the western Weddell Sea, with the collapse of the Larsen B ice shelf. This transformation appears to be yielding a redistribution of energy flow between chemoautotrophic and photosynthetic production, and to be causing the rapid demise of the extraordinary seep ecosystem discovered beneath the ice shelf. This event provides an ideal opportunity to examine fundamental aspects of ecosystem transition associated with climate change. We propose to test the following hypotheses to elucidate the transformations occurring in marine ecosystems as a consequence of the Larsen B collapse: (1) The biogeographic isolation and sub-ice shelf setting of the Larsen B seep has led to novel habitat characteristics, chemoautotrophically dependent taxa and functional adaptations. (2) Benthic communities beneath the former Larsen B ice shelf are fundamentally different from assemblages at similar depths in the Weddell sea-ice zone, and resemble oligotrophic deep-sea communities. Larsen B assemblages are undergoing rapid change. (3) The previously dark, oligotrophic waters of the Larsen B embayment now support a thriving phototrophic community, with production rates and phytoplankton composition similar to other productive areas of the Weddell Sea. To document rapid changes occurring in the Larsen B ecosystem, we will use a remotely operated vehicle, shipboard samplers, and moored sediment traps. We will characterize microbial, macrofaunal and megafaunal components of the seep community; evaluate patterns of surface productivity, export flux, and benthic faunal composition in areas previously covered by the ice shelf, and compare these areas to the open sea-ice zone. These changes will be placed within the geological, glaciological and climatological context that led to ice-shelf retreat, through companion research projects funded in concert with this effort. Together these projects will help predict the likely consequences of ice-shelf collapse to marine ecosystems in other regions of Antarctica vulnerable to climate change. The research features international collaborators from Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. The broader impacts include participation of a science writer; broadcast of science segments by members of the Jim Lehrer News Hour (Public Broadcasting System); material for summer courses in environmental change; mentoring of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows; and showcasing scientific activities and findings to students and public through podcasts.\n", "east": -59.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.5 -66)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Araon1304; Biota; LARISSA; Larsen B Ice Shelf; NBP1001; NBP1203; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Weddell Sea; Larsen B Ice Shelf; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Vernet, Maria", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -70.0, "title": "Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System (LARISSA) - Marine Ecosystems", "uid": "600073", "west": -66.0}, {"awards": "1043690 Scherer, Reed", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Intellectual Merit: Diatom abundance in sediment cores is typically used as a proxy for paleo primary productivity. This record is complicated by variable preservation, with most loss occurring in the water column via dissolution and zooplankton grazing. This study will investigate preservational biases via a series of controlled experiments to create proxies of original productivity based on morphological changes associated with diatom dissolution and fracture. The PIs will utilize fresh diatoms from culture. Specific objectives include: (1) Linking changes in diatom morphology to availability of dissolved silica and other physical and chemical parameters; (2) Documenting the dissolution process under controlled conditions; (3) Assessment of changes in morphology and diatom surface roughness with increased dissolution; (4) Documenting the physical effects of grazing and fecal pellet formation on diatom fragmentation and dissolution; and (5) Analyzing the impact of diatom dissolution on silica and carbon export. These objectives will be achieved by growing Southern Ocean diatom species in the laboratory under differing physical and chemical conditions; controlled serial dissolution experiments on cultured diatoms; analysis of the dissolution process by imaging frustules under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and with micro-analysis of surface texture by atomic force microscopy (AFM); making the cultures available to krill and other live zooplankton crustaceans in order to analyze the specific effects of grazing and pelletization on diatom morphology; and comparing experimental results with natural plankton, sediment trap material, and selected Holocene, Pleistocene and Pliocene sediment core material.\nBroader impacts: This work will contribute to understanding of the use of diatom abundance as an indicator of paleoproductivity. The proposed experiments are multi-disciplinary in nature. Importantly, the project was designed, and the proposal largely written, by a Ph.D. candidate. The research proposed here will lead to peer-reviewed publications and provide a base for future studies over the course of an extremely promising scientific career. The project will also support an undergraduate research student at NIU. The PI is heavily involved in science outreach, including classroom visits, museum events and webinars related to evolution and climate change, and is active with NSF-funded outreach activities linked to the ANDRILL and WISSARD programs. He will continue these efforts with this project.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Diatom; Marine Sediments; Oceans; Sediment Core; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Haji-Sheikh, Michael; Scherer, Reed Paul", "project_titles": "Southern Ocean Diatom Taphonomy and Paleoproductivity: A Laboratory Study of Silica Degradation and Export", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000360", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Southern Ocean Diatom Taphonomy and Paleoproductivity: A Laboratory Study of Silica Degradation and Export"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Southern Ocean Diatom Taphonomy and Paleoproductivity: A Laboratory Study of Silica Degradation and Export", "uid": "600127", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0838970 Foreman, Christine", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(161.667 -77.117)"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Dissolved organic matter (DOM) comprises a significant pool of Earth\u0027s organic carbon that dwarfs the amount present in living aquatic organisms. The properties and reactivity of DOM are not well defined, and the evolution of autochthonous DOM from its precursor materials in freshwater has not been observed. Recent sampling of a supraglacial stream formed on the Cotton Glacier in the Transantarctic Mountains revealed DOM that more closely resembles an assemblage of recognizable precursor organic compounds, based upon its UV-VIS and fluorescence spectra. It is suggested that the DOM from this water evolved over time to resemble materials present in marine and many inland surface waters. The transient nature of the system i.e., it reforms seasonally, also prevents any accumulation of the refractory DOM present in most surface waters. Thus, the Cotton Glacier provides us with a unique environment to study the formation of DOM from precursor materials. An interdisciplinary team will study the biogeochemistry of this progenitor DOM and how microbes modify it. By focusing on the chemical composition of the DOM as it shifts from precursor material to the more humified fractions, the investigators will relate this transition to bioavailability, enzymatic activity, community composition and microbial growth efficiency. This project will support education at all levels, K-12, high school, undergraduate, graduate and post-doc and will increase participation by under-represented groups in science. Towards these goals, the investigators have established relationships with girls\u0027 schools and Native American programs. Additional outreach will be carried out in coordination with PolarTREC, PolarPalooza, and if possible, an Antarctic Artist and Writer.\n", "east": 161.667, "geometry": ["POINT(161.667 -77.117)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Microbiology", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.117, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Foreman, Christine", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Biogeochemical Evolution of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Fluvial System on the Cotton Glacier, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000458", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Biogeochemical Evolution of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Fluvial System on the Cotton Glacier, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.117, "title": "The Biogeochemical Evolution of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Fluvial System on the Cotton Glacier, Antarctica", "uid": "600104", "west": 161.667}, {"awards": "0838843 Kurbatov, Andrei", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((159 -75.67,159.025 -75.67,159.05 -75.67,159.075 -75.67,159.1 -75.67,159.125 -75.67,159.15 -75.67,159.175 -75.67,159.2 -75.67,159.225 -75.67,159.25 -75.67,159.25 -75.786,159.25 -75.902,159.25 -76.018,159.25 -76.134,159.25 -76.25,159.25 -76.366,159.25 -76.482,159.25 -76.598,159.25 -76.714,159.25 -76.83,159.225 -76.83,159.2 -76.83,159.175 -76.83,159.15 -76.83,159.125 -76.83,159.1 -76.83,159.075 -76.83,159.05 -76.83,159.025 -76.83,159 -76.83,159 -76.714,159 -76.598,159 -76.482,159 -76.366,159 -76.25,159 -76.134,159 -76.018,159 -75.902,159 -75.786,159 -75.67))"], "date_created": "Thu, 24 Oct 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes stable water isotope values at 10 m resolution along an approximately 5 km transect through the main icefield of the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area, and at 15 cm within a 225 m core drilled at the midpoint of the transect.", "east": 159.25, "geometry": ["POINT(159.125 -76.25)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Isotope", "locations": "Allan Hills; Antarctica", "north": -75.67, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Spaulding, Nicole; Mayewski, Paul A.; Introne, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Exploring A 2 Million + Year Ice Climate Archive-Allan Hills Blue Ice Area (2MBIA); Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000046", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Exploring A 2 Million + Year Ice Climate Archive-Allan Hills Blue Ice Area (2MBIA)"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010253", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.83, "title": "Allan Hills Stable Water Isotopes", "uid": "609541", "west": 159.0}, {"awards": "0837988 Steig, Eric", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -65,-144 -65,-108 -65,-72 -65,-36 -65,0 -65,36 -65,72 -65,108 -65,144 -65,180 -65,180 -67.5,180 -70,180 -72.5,180 -75,180 -77.5,180 -80,180 -82.5,180 -85,180 -87.5,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87.5,-180 -85,-180 -82.5,-180 -80,-180 -77.5,-180 -75,-180 -72.5,-180 -70,-180 -67.5,-180 -65))"], "date_created": "Wed, 13 Mar 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes ice core water isotope data from Antarctic ice cores covering the last 200 to 2000 years.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Isotope; Paleoclimate; WAIS Divide", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -65.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Steig, Eric J.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Antarctic Climate Reconstruction Utilizing the US ITASE Ice Core Array (2009- 2012)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000180", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Antarctic Climate Reconstruction Utilizing the US ITASE Ice Core Array (2009- 2012)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "West Antarctica Ice Core and Climate Model Data", "uid": "609536", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0838892 Burns, Jennifer", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal\u0027s diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts.", "east": 169.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Burns, Jennifer", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000661", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "uid": "600101", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "0838850 Gooseff, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-163.3 -77.62,-163.202 -77.62,-163.104 -77.62,-163.006 -77.62,-162.908 -77.62,-162.81 -77.62,-162.712 -77.62,-162.614 -77.62,-162.516 -77.62,-162.418 -77.62,-162.32 -77.62,-162.32 -77.631,-162.32 -77.642,-162.32 -77.653,-162.32 -77.664,-162.32 -77.675,-162.32 -77.686,-162.32 -77.697,-162.32 -77.708,-162.32 -77.719,-162.32 -77.73,-162.418 -77.73,-162.516 -77.73,-162.614 -77.73,-162.712 -77.73,-162.81 -77.73,-162.908 -77.73,-163.006 -77.73,-163.104 -77.73,-163.202 -77.73,-163.3 -77.73,-163.3 -77.719,-163.3 -77.708,-163.3 -77.697,-163.3 -77.686,-163.3 -77.675,-163.3 -77.664,-163.3 -77.653,-163.3 -77.642,-163.3 -77.631,-163.3 -77.62))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Two models have been proposed to describe controls over microbial biogeography. One model proposes that microbes are ubiquitously distributed across the global environment, and that environmental conditions select for taxa physiologically adapted to local physical conditions. An alternative model predicts that dispersal is the important limitation to the distribution of microorganisms and that spatial heterogeneity of microbial communities is a result of both dispersal and local environmental limitations. According to both models, spatial heterogeneity of microbial communities may be especially pronounced in extreme ecosystems where the environmental selection for organisms with suitable physiology is most strongly manifest. We propose that Antarctic terrestrial environments are ideal places to examine microbial biogeography for 3 reasons: 1) the pristine nature and remoteness of Antarctica minimizes the prevalence of exotic species dispersed through human vectors; 2) the extreme conditions of Antarctic environments provide a strong environmental filter which limits the establishment of non-indigenous taxa; and 3) extreme heterogeneity in the terrestrial environment provides natural gradients of soil conditions (temperature, water and nutrient availability). In the proposed research we will investigate the influence of snow on the composition and spatial distribution of soil microbial communities and linked biogeochemical cycling in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. We will conduct fieldwork at the landscape scale (repeated remote sensing to characterize snow distribution), at the valley and patch scales (quantify snow patch ablation, microbial communities and biogeochemical cycling in subnivian soils). We hypothesize that snow patches play an important role in structuring the spatial distribution of soil microbial communities and their associated ecosystem functioning because of the physical and hydrological influences that snow patches have on the soil environment. The research will contribute to greater public awareness of the importance of polar research to fundamental questions of biology, ecology and hydrology through direct linkages with International Antarctic Institute public outreach activities, including dissemination of web-based learning units on environmental science and microbiology, targeted as resources for secondary and post-secondary educators. Three graduate students, one postdoctoral scholar and multiple undergraduates will participate in the research activities.\n", "east": -162.32, "geometry": ["POINT(-162.81 -77.675)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Critical Zone; Mps-1 Water Potential Sensor; Physical Properties; Soil Moisture; Soil Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.62, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Gooseff, Michael N.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Role of Snow Patches on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Microbial Communities and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Antarctic Dry Valleys", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000489", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Role of Snow Patches on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Microbial Communities and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Antarctic Dry Valleys"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.73, "title": "The Role of Snow Patches on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Microbial Communities and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Antarctic Dry Valleys", "uid": "600100", "west": -163.3}, {"awards": "0838830 Cottrell, Matthew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.079666 -64.77966,-64.0757659 -64.77966,-64.0718658 -64.77966,-64.0679657 -64.77966,-64.0640656 -64.77966,-64.0601655 -64.77966,-64.0562654 -64.77966,-64.0523653 -64.77966,-64.0484652 -64.77966,-64.0445651 -64.77966,-64.040665 -64.77966,-64.040665 -64.783261,-64.040665 -64.786862,-64.040665 -64.790463,-64.040665 -64.794064,-64.040665 -64.797665,-64.040665 -64.801266,-64.040665 -64.804867,-64.040665 -64.808468,-64.040665 -64.812069,-64.040665 -64.81567,-64.0445651 -64.81567,-64.0484652 -64.81567,-64.0523653 -64.81567,-64.0562654 -64.81567,-64.0601655 -64.81567,-64.0640656 -64.81567,-64.0679657 -64.81567,-64.0718658 -64.81567,-64.0757659 -64.81567,-64.079666 -64.81567,-64.079666 -64.812069,-64.079666 -64.808468,-64.079666 -64.804867,-64.079666 -64.801266,-64.079666 -64.797665,-64.079666 -64.794064,-64.079666 -64.790463,-64.079666 -64.786862,-64.079666 -64.783261,-64.079666 -64.77966))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Light quality and availability are likely to change in polar ecosystems as ice coverage and thickness decrease. How microbes adjust to these and other changes will have huge impacts on the polar marine ecosystems. Little is known about photoheterotrophic prokaryotes, which are hypothesized to gain a metabolic advantage by harvesting light energy in addition to utilizing dissolved organic matter (DOM). Photoheterotrophy is not included in current models of carbon cycling and energy flow. This research will examine three questions: 1. Are photoheterotrophic microbes present and active in Antarctic waters in winter and summer? 2. Does community structure of photoheterotrophs shift between summer and winter? 3. Which microbial groups assimilate more DOM in light than in the dark? The research will test hypotheses about activity of photoheterotrophs in winter and in summer, shifts in community structure between light and dark seasons and the potentially unique impacts of photoheterotrophs on biogeochemical processes in the Antarctic. The project will directly support a graduate student, will positively impact the NSF REU program at the College of Marine and Earth Studies, and will include students from the nation\u0027s oldest historical minority college. The results will be featured during weekly tours of Lewes facilities (about 1000 visitors per year) and during Coast Day, an annual open-house that attracts about 10,000 visitors.", "east": -64.040665, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.0601655 -64.797665)"], "keywords": "Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; LTER Palmer Station; Microbiology; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.77966, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Cottrell, Matthew; Kirchman, David", "project_titles": "Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the West Antarctic Peninsula Marine Ecosystem", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000473", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the West Antarctic Peninsula Marine Ecosystem"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.81567, "title": "Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the West Antarctic Peninsula Marine Ecosystem", "uid": "600097", "west": -64.079666}, {"awards": "0739783 Junge, Karen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The mechanisms enabling bacteria to be metabolically active at very low temperatures are of considerable importance to polar microbial ecology, astrobiology, climate and cryopreservation. This research program has two main objectives. The first is to investigate metabolic activities and gene expression of polar marine psychrophilic bacteria when confronted with freezing conditions at temperatures above the eutectic of seawater (\u003c54C) to unveil cold adaptation mechanisms with relevance to wintertime sea-ice ecology. The second objective is to discern if psychrophilic processes of leucine incorporation into proteins, shown to occur to -196C, amount to metabolic activity providing for the survival of cells or are merely biochemical reactions still possible in flash-frozen samples without any effect on survival. We will examine extracellular and intracellular processes of psychrophilic activity above and below the eutectic by (i) determining the temperature range of metabolic activities such as DNA synthesis, carbon utilization, respiration and ATP generation using radioactive tracer technology, including a control at liquid helium temperature (-268.9C), (ii) analyzing gene expression in ice using whole genome and microarray analyses and iii) examining the role of exopolymeric substances (EPS) and ice micro-physics for the observed activity using an in-situ microscopy technique. Results of the proposed research can be expected to aid in the determination of cellular and genetic strategies that allow cells to maintain activity at extremely low temperatures within an icy matrix and/or to resume activity again when more growth-permissive conditions are encountered. The research is an interdisciplinary collaboration involving three different institutions with participants in Oceanography, Genomics, and Geophysical Sciences. The proposed activity will support the beginning professional career of a female researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Microbiology; Oceans; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Junge, Karen", "project_titles": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000673", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice", "uid": "600083", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0739698 Doran, Peter; 0739681 Murray, Alison", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(161.931 -77.3885)"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Lake Vida is the largest lake of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, with an approximately 20 m ice cover overlaying a brine of unknown depth with at least 7 times seawater salinity and temperatures below -10 degrees C year-round. Samples of brine collected from ice above the main water body contain 1) the highest nitrous oxide levels of any natural water body on Earth, 2) unusual geochemistry including anomalously high ammonia and iron concentrations, 3) high microbial counts with an unusual proportion (99%) of ultramicrobacteria. The microbial community is unique even compared to other Dry Valley Lakes. The research proposes to enter, for the first time the main brine body below the thick ice of Lake Vida and perform in situ measurements, collect samples of the brine column, and collect sediment cores from the lake bottom for detailed geochemical and microbiological analyses. The results will allow the characterization of present and past life in the lake, assessment of modern and past sedimentary processes, and determination of the lake\u0027s history. The research will be conducted by a multidisciplinary team that will uncover the biogeochemical processes associated with a non-photosynthetic microbial community isolated for a significant period of time. This research will address diversity, adaptive mechanisms and evolutionary processes in the context of the physical evolution of the environment of Lake Vida. Results will be widely disseminated through publications, presentations at national and international meetings, through the Subglacial Antarctic Lake Exploration (SALE) web site and the McMurdo LTER web site. The research will support three graduate students and three undergraduate research assistants. The results will be incorporated into a new undergraduate biogeosciences course at the University of Illinois at Chicago which has an extremely diverse student body, dominated by minorities.", "east": 161.931, "geometry": ["POINT(161.931 -77.3885)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Carbon-14; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Dry Valleys; Geochronology; Ice Core Records; Lake Vida; Microbiology", "locations": "Dry Valleys; Lake Vida; Antarctica", "north": -77.3885, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Murray, Alison", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000485", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.3885, "title": "Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica", "uid": "600080", "west": 161.931}, {"awards": "0739648 Cary, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(163 -77.5)"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The glacial streams of the McMurdo Dry Valleys have extensive cyanobacterial mats that are a probable source of fixed C and N to the Valleys. The research will examine the interplay between the microbial mats in the ephemeral glacial streams and the microbiota of the hyporheic soils (wetted soil zone) underlying and adjacent to those mats. It is hypothesized that the mats are important sources of organic carbon and fixed nitrogen for the soil communities of the hyporheic zone, and release dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) that serves the entire Dry Valley ecosystem. Field efforts will entail both observational and experimental components. Direct comparisons will be made between the mats and microbial populations underlying naturally rehydrated and desiccated mat areas, and between mat areas in the melt streams of the Adams and Miers Glaciers in Miers Valley. Both physiological and phylogenetic indices of the soil microbiota will be examined. Observations will include estimates of rates of mat carbon and nitrogen fixation, soil respiration and leucine and thymidine uptake (as measures of protein \u0026 DNA synthesis, respectively) by soil bacteria, bacterial densities and their molecular ecology. Experimental manipulations will include experimental re-wetting of soils and observations of the time course of response of the microbial community. The research will integrate modern molecular genetic approaches (ARISA-DNA fingerprinting and ultra deep 16S rDNA microbial phylogenetic analysis) with geochemistry to study the diversity, ecology, and function of microbial communities that thrive in these extreme environments. The broader impacts of the project include research and educational opportunities for graduate students and a postdoctoral associate. The P.I.s will involve undergraduates as work-study students and in REU programs, and will participate in educational and outreach programs.", "east": 163.0, "geometry": ["POINT(163 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Cell Counts; Dry Valleys; Microbiology", "locations": "Dry Valleys; Antarctica", "north": -77.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Cary, S. Craig", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Biogeochemistry of Cyanobactrial Mats and Hyporheic Zone Microbes in McMurdo Dry Valley Glacial Meltwater Streams", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000476", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Biogeochemistry of Cyanobactrial Mats and Hyporheic Zone Microbes in McMurdo Dry Valley Glacial Meltwater Streams"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.5, "title": "Biogeochemistry of Cyanobactrial Mats and Hyporheic Zone Microbes in McMurdo Dry Valley Glacial Meltwater Streams", "uid": "600079", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "1019838 Wendt, Dean", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic Peninsula is among the most rapidly warming regions on earth. Increased heat from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current has elevated the temperature of the 300 m of shelf water below the permanent pycnocline by 0.7 degrees C. This trend has displaced the once dominant cold, dry continental Antarctic climate, and is causing multi-level responses in the marine ecosystem. One striking example of the ecosystem response to warming has been the local declines in ice-dependent Ad\u00e9lie penguins. The changes in these apex predators are thought to be driven by alterations in phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition, and the foraging limitations and diet differences between these species. One of the most elusive questions facing researchers interested in the foraging ecology of the Ad\u00e9lie penguin, namely, what are the biophysical properties that characterize the three dimensional foraging space of this top predator? The research will combine the real-time site and diving information from the Ad\u00e9lie penguin satellite tags with the full characterization of the oceanography and the penguins prey field using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). While some of these changes have been documented over large spatial scales of the WAP, it is now thought that the causal mechanisms that favor of one life history strategy over another may actually operate over much smaller scales than previously thought, specifically on the scale of local breeding sites and over-wintering areas. Characterization of prey fields on these local scales has yet to be done and one that the AUV is ideally suited. The results will have a direct tie to the climate induced changes that are occurring in the West Antarctic Peninsula. This study will also highlight a new approach to linking an autonomous platform to bird behavior that could be expanded to include the other two species of penguins and examine the seasonal differences in their foraging behavior and prey selection. From a vehicle perspective, this effort will inform the AUV user community of new sensor suites and/or data processing approaches that are required to better evaluate foraging habitat. The project also will help transition AUV platforms into routine investigative tools for this region, which is chronically under sampled and will remain difficult to access\n", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Wendt, Dean; Moline, Mark", "project_titles": "Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000662", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle", "uid": "600120", "west": null}, {"awards": "1043779 Mellish, Jo-Ann", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165.83333 -77.51528,165.923331 -77.51528,166.013332 -77.51528,166.103333 -77.51528,166.193334 -77.51528,166.283335 -77.51528,166.373336 -77.51528,166.463337 -77.51528,166.553338 -77.51528,166.643339 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.55153,166.73334 -77.58778,166.73334 -77.62403,166.73334 -77.66028,166.73334 -77.69653,166.73334 -77.73278,166.73334 -77.76903,166.73334 -77.80528,166.73334 -77.84153,166.73334 -77.87778,166.643339 -77.87778,166.553338 -77.87778,166.463337 -77.87778,166.373336 -77.87778,166.283335 -77.87778,166.193334 -77.87778,166.103333 -77.87778,166.013332 -77.87778,165.923331 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.84153,165.83333 -77.80528,165.83333 -77.76903,165.83333 -77.73278,165.83333 -77.69653,165.83333 -77.66028,165.83333 -77.62403,165.83333 -77.58778,165.83333 -77.55153,165.83333 -77.51528))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Despite being an essential physiological component of homeotherm life in polar regions, little is known about the energetic requirements for thermoregulation in either air or water for high- latitude seals. In a joint field and modeling study, the principal investigators will quantify these costs for the Weddell seal under both ambient air and water conditions. The field research will include innovative heat flux, digestive and locomotor cost telemetry on 40 free-ranging seals combined with assessments of animal health (morphometrics, hematology and clinical chemistry panels), quantity (ultrasound) and quality (tissue biopsy) of blubber insulation, and determination of surface skin temperature patterns (infrared thermography). Field-collected data will be combined with an established individual based computational energetics model to define cost-added thresholds in body condition for different body masses. This study will fill a major knowledge gap by providing data essential to modeling all aspects of pinniped life history, in particular for ice seals. Such parameterization of energetic cost components will be essential for the accurate modeling of responses by pinnipeds to environmental variance, including direct and indirect effects driven by climate change. The study also will provide extensive opportunities in polar field work, animal telemetry, biochemical analyses and computational modeling for up to three undergraduate students and one post-doctoral researcher. Integrated education and outreach efforts will educate the public (K-12 through adult) on the importance of quantifying energetic costs of thermoregulation for marine mammals and the need to understand responses of species to environmental variance. This effort will include a custom-built, interactive hands-on mobile exhibit, and development of content for an Ocean Today kiosk.\n", "east": 166.73334, "geometry": ["POINT(166.283335 -77.69653)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Seals; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Sea Surface; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.51528, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Mellish, Jo-Ann", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000343", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.87778, "title": "Thermoregulation in Free-Living Antarctic Seals: The Missing Link in Effective Ecological Modeling", "uid": "600130", "west": 165.83333}, {"awards": "0636724 Blankenship, Donald", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-120 -75,-117 -75,-114 -75,-111 -75,-108 -75,-105 -75,-102 -75,-99 -75,-96 -75,-93 -75,-90 -75,-90 -75.5,-90 -76,-90 -76.5,-90 -77,-90 -77.5,-90 -78,-90 -78.5,-90 -79,-90 -79.5,-90 -80,-93 -80,-96 -80,-99 -80,-102 -80,-105 -80,-108 -80,-111 -80,-114 -80,-117 -80,-120 -80,-120 -79.5,-120 -79,-120 -78.5,-120 -78,-120 -77.5,-120 -77,-120 -76.5,-120 -76,-120 -75.5,-120 -75))"], "date_created": "Mon, 21 May 2012 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains subglacial water flow paths beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, interpreted from ice thickness and bed elevation measurements collected between 7 December 2004 and 31 January 2005 by the Airborne Geophysical Survey of the Amundsen Embayment (AGASEA) expedition. Data consist of an ASCII text file with geographical coordinates, hydraulic head, and bed and surface elevations, and a corresponding .pdf map.\n\nData are available via FTP.", "east": -90.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-105 -77.5)"], "keywords": "AGASEA; Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Elevation; Flow Paths; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Thwaites Glacier", "locations": "Thwaites Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Carter, Sasha P.; Young, Duncan A.; Blankenship, Donald D.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Synthesis of Thwaites Glacier Dynamics: Diagnostic and Prognostic Sensitivity Studies of a West Antarctic Outlet System", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000174", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Synthesis of Thwaites Glacier Dynamics: Diagnostic and Prognostic Sensitivity Studies of a West Antarctic Outlet System"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "Subglacial water flow paths under Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica", "uid": "609518", "west": -120.0}, {"awards": "1043669 Yuan, Xiaojun", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((70 -64,71 -64,72 -64,73 -64,74 -64,75 -64,76 -64,77 -64,78 -64,79 -64,80 -64,80 -64.6,80 -65.2,80 -65.8,80 -66.4,80 -67,80 -67.6,80 -68.2,80 -68.8,80 -69.4,80 -70,79 -70,78 -70,77 -70,76 -70,75 -70,74 -70,73 -70,72 -70,71 -70,70 -70,70 -69.4,70 -68.8,70 -68.2,70 -67.6,70 -67,70 -66.4,70 -65.8,70 -65.2,70 -64.6,70 -64))"], "date_created": "Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Processess governing the formation of Antarctic bottom water (AABW) in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean remain poorly described. As with AABW formation in more well studied regions of the Antarctic continent, global climate impacts of the source regions of this dense, cold water that help drive the global ocean thermohaline circulation are uncertain. A combination of (annual) continental shelf and slope moorings, seasonal (summer) hydrographic surveys on board the Chinese icebreaker M/V Xuelong, together with synthesis of historic and satellite data will be used to better constrain shelf processes and the atmosphere-ocean-ice interactions in the Prydz Bay region. Despite the seeming remoteness of the study site, changes in the formation rate of AABW could potentially have impact on northern hemisphere climate via effects on the global heat budget and through sea-level rise in the coming decades. The project additionally seeks to promote international collaboration between Chinese and US researchers. The data collected will be broadly disseminated to the oceanographic community through the National Oceanography Data Center and Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Data Center.", "east": 80.0, "geometry": ["POINT(75 -67)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CTD Data; Mooring; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Prydz Bay; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Prydz Bay; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Yuan, Xiaojun", "project_titles": "US/Chinese Collaborative Study: Investigation of Bottom Water Formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000439", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "US/Chinese Collaborative Study: Investigation of Bottom Water Formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "US/Chinese Collaborative Study: Investigation of Bottom Water Formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica", "uid": "600126", "west": 70.0}, {"awards": "0739464 Cassano, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((160 -74.5,161.5 -74.5,163 -74.5,164.5 -74.5,166 -74.5,167.5 -74.5,169 -74.5,170.5 -74.5,172 -74.5,173.5 -74.5,175 -74.5,175 -74.9,175 -75.3,175 -75.7,175 -76.1,175 -76.5,175 -76.9,175 -77.3,175 -77.7,175 -78.1,175 -78.5,173.5 -78.5,172 -78.5,170.5 -78.5,169 -78.5,167.5 -78.5,166 -78.5,164.5 -78.5,163 -78.5,161.5 -78.5,160 -78.5,160 -78.1,160 -77.7,160 -77.3,160 -76.9,160 -76.5,160 -76.1,160 -75.7,160 -75.3,160 -74.9,160 -74.5))"], "date_created": "Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic polynyas are the ice free zones often persisting in continental sea ice. Characterization of the lower atmosphere properties, air-sea surface heat fluxes and corresponding ocean depth profiles of Antarctic polynyas, especially during strong wind events, is needed for a more detailed understanding of the role of polynya in the production of latent-heat type sea ice and the formation, through brine rejection, of dense ocean bottom waters. Broader impacts: A key technological innovation, the use of instrumented uninhabited aircraft systems (UAS), will be employed to enable the persistent and safe observation of the interaction of light and strong katabatic wind fields with the Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Antarctica) polynya waters during late winter and early summer time frames. The use of UAS observational platforms on the continent to date has to date been modest, but demonstration of their versatility and effectiveness in surveying and observing mode is a welcome development. The projects use of UAS platforms by University of Colorado and LDEO (Columbia) researchers is both high risk, and potentially transformative for the systematic data measurement tasks that many Antarctic science applications increasingly require.", "east": 175.0, "geometry": ["POINT(167.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Navigation; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Terra Nova Bay; UAV", "locations": "Ross Sea; Terra Nova Bay; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -74.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Cassano, John; Maslanik, Jim", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice Interaction in a Coastal Polynya", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000678", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice Interaction in a Coastal Polynya"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice Interaction in a Coastal Polynya", "uid": "600075", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "0636740 Kreutz, Karl", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.3 -79.433333)"], "date_created": "Tue, 15 Nov 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes major ion, trace element, microparticle and oxygen isotope (\u0026#948;18O) data for a snowpit dug and sampled in December 2008 near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core site. The pit was dug approximately 4 km upwind from the drilling arch in the clean air sector of camp. Sampling was done using trace element clean techniques and all depths are in water equivalents. \n\nData are available via FTP in ASCII text (.txt) format.", "east": -112.3, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.3 -79.433333)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Isotope; Microparticle Concentration; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.433333, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kreutz, Karl; Koffman, Bess", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Microparticle/tephra analysis of the WAIS Divide ice core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000040", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Microparticle/tephra analysis of the WAIS Divide ice core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.433333, "title": "WAIS Divide Snowpit Chemical and Isotope Measurements, Antarctica", "uid": "609506", "west": -112.3}, {"awards": "0636740 Kreutz, Karl", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.088333 -79.482778)", "POINT(112.088333 -79.482778)"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Oct 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes microparticle concentration, electrical conductivity, and density measurements from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide deep ice core, WDC06A. Microparticle concentration data are reported as total particles per ml of meltwater. Concentration was measured using a laser detector and the University of Maine WAIS Melt Monitor system. Conductivity is measured in micro-Siemens per cm (uS/cm). Density data were collected on 3 by 3 by 100 cm sticks from the WDC06A core, using the Maine Automated Density Gauge Experiment (MADGE). Density data span 0 to 160 m in depth, while the particle and conductivity measurements span the upper 577 m of the core. \n\nData are available via FTP in ASCII text format (.txt).", "east": 112.088333, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.088333 -79.482778)", "POINT(112.088333 -79.482778)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Density; Electrical Conductivity; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Microparticle Concentration; Physical Properties; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.482778, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kreutz, Karl; Hamilton, Gordon S.; Breton, Daniel; Koffman, Bess", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Microparticle/tephra analysis of the WAIS Divide ice core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000040", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Microparticle/tephra analysis of the WAIS Divide ice core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.482778, "title": "Microparticle, Conductivity, and Density Measurements from the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core, Antarctica", "uid": "609499", "west": -112.088333}, {"awards": "0538674 Winebrenner, Dale", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(73.17 -78.47)"], "date_created": "Mon, 15 Aug 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set provides a modeled radar attenuation rate profile, showing the predicted contributions from pure ice and impurities to radar attenuation at the Vostok 5G ice core site in Antarctica, as well as the total attenuation rate and its formal uncertainty. The model data are based on borehole temperature logs, concentrations of major soluble ions measured from melted ice core samples, and information about the electrical conductivity of ice. Attenuation rates and their spatial variability are important constraints for radar studies of ice sheets. Parameters include depth, total attenuation rate, and attenuation rate contribution from pure ice, acidity, and salinity.\n\nData are available via FTP as a text file (.txt) with columns in comma separated value format.", "east": 73.17, "geometry": ["POINT(73.17 -78.47)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Lake Vostok; Radar Attenuation Rate; Vostok Ice Core", "locations": "Lake Vostok; Antarctica", "north": -78.47, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Macgregor, Joseph A.; Matsuoka, Kenichi; Studinger, Michael S.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Deciphering the Deep Ice and the Ice-water Interface over Lake Vostok Using Existing Radar Data", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000090", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Deciphering the Deep Ice and the Ice-water Interface over Lake Vostok Using Existing Radar Data"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.47, "title": "Modeled Radar Attenuation Rate Profile at the Vostok 5G Ice Core Site, Antarctica", "uid": "609501", "west": 73.17}, {"awards": "0538674 Winebrenner, Dale", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((68.4 -75.7,69.61 -75.7,70.82 -75.7,72.03 -75.7,73.24 -75.7,74.45 -75.7,75.66 -75.7,76.87 -75.7,78.08 -75.7,79.29 -75.7,80.5 -75.7,80.5 -76.04,80.5 -76.38,80.5 -76.72,80.5 -77.06,80.5 -77.4,80.5 -77.74,80.5 -78.08,80.5 -78.42,80.5 -78.76,80.5 -79.1,79.29 -79.1,78.08 -79.1,76.87 -79.1,75.66 -79.1,74.45 -79.1,73.24 -79.1,72.03 -79.1,70.82 -79.1,69.61 -79.1,68.4 -79.1,68.4 -78.76,68.4 -78.42,68.4 -78.08,68.4 -77.74,68.4 -77.4,68.4 -77.06,68.4 -76.72,68.4 -76.38,68.4 -76.04,68.4 -75.7))"], "date_created": "Mon, 01 Aug 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set consists of inferred accumulation rates from three radar layers (26, 35 and 41 thousand years old) in the Vostok Subglacial Lake region. Accumulation rates were inferred using Local-Layer Approximation (LLA), which assumes that the strain-rate history of a particle traveling through the ice sheet can be approximated by the vertical strain-rate profile at the current position of the particle, which the researchers assume to be uniform. Parameters include location, in latitude and longitude, polar stereographic coordinates, and local grid X and Y coordinates, along with layer age, in thousands of years (ka), and inferred accumulation rate (cm/a). The data cover a 150 by 350 km area.\n\nData are available via FTP, as a text file (.txt) with columns in comma separated value format.", "east": 80.5, "geometry": ["POINT(74.45 -77.4)"], "keywords": "Accumulation Rate; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Lake Vostok", "locations": "Lake Vostok; Antarctica", "north": -75.7, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Macgregor, Joseph A.; Matsuoka, Kenichi; Studinger, Michael S.; Waddington, Edwin D.; Winebrenner, Dale", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Deciphering the Deep Ice and the Ice-water Interface over Lake Vostok Using Existing Radar Data", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000090", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Deciphering the Deep Ice and the Ice-water Interface over Lake Vostok Using Existing Radar Data"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.1, "title": "Millennially Averaged Accumulation Rates for Lake Vostok", "uid": "609500", "west": 68.4}, {"awards": "0838773 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-79 -60,-76.4 -60,-73.8 -60,-71.2 -60,-68.6 -60,-66 -60,-63.4 -60,-60.8 -60,-58.2 -60,-55.6 -60,-53 -60,-53 -61,-53 -62,-53 -63,-53 -64,-53 -65,-53 -66,-53 -67,-53 -68,-53 -69,-53 -70,-55.6 -70,-58.2 -70,-60.8 -70,-63.4 -70,-66 -70,-68.6 -70,-71.2 -70,-73.8 -70,-76.4 -70,-79 -70,-79 -69,-79 -68,-79 -67,-79 -66,-79 -65,-79 -64,-79 -63,-79 -62,-79 -61,-79 -60))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The near shore environments of the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) harbor extremely high densities of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1-25 mm in length) such as benthic amphipods, as well as rich assemblages of macroalgae, endophytes, and macroinvertebrates. Unlike temperate and tropical shallow marine environments, where fish and sea urchins are key grazers structuring the community, mesograzers appear to be much more important in the WAP. Accordingly, the proposed research has two main objectives: (1) To further investigate the interactions between the ecologically dominant large macrophytes, filamentous epi/endophytes, and mesograzers and (2) To determine the nature of interactions between mesograzers and sessile invertebrates. Specifically, the research will examine the following hypotheses: 1: The effects of endophytes on macrophytes are often negative, and consequently macrophytes defend against endophytic infection. 2: Mesoherbivores prevent filamentous algal species, common in the intertidal, from dominating subtidal assemblages. 3: Mesograzer predation pressure on sessile benthic macroinvertebrates, primarily sponges and tunicates, is greatest in shallow habitats dominated by macrophytes, and this impacts depth distributions of macroinvertebrate species. 4: Benthic macroinvertebrates may defend against mesograzers with secondary metabolites which effect molting and/or deter feeding. Broader impacts include involvement of undergraduates, including minorities, in research; training of graduate students, and continuation of the highly successful UAB IN ANTARCTICA interactive web program (two time recipient of awards of excellence from the US Council for Advancement and Support of Education). The researchers also will share their scientific endeavors with teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large while in residence in Antarctica. In addition, the investigators will request the participation of a PolarTREC teacher.", "east": -53.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-66 -65)"], "keywords": "Algae; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "McClintock, James; Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula; Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000475", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "600095", "west": -79.0}, {"awards": "0838776 Baker, Bill", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The near shore environments of the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) harbor extremely high densities of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1-25 mm in length) such as benthic amphipods, as well as rich assemblages of macroalgae, endophytes, and macroinvertebrates. Unlike temperate and tropical shallow marine environments, where fish and sea urchins are key grazers structuring the community, mesograzers appear to be much more important in the WAP. Accordingly, the proposed research has two main objectives: (1) To further investigate the interactions between the ecologically dominant large macrophytes, filamentous epi/endophytes, and mesograzers and (2) To determine the nature of interactions between mesograzers and sessile invertebrates. Specifically, the research will examine the following hypotheses: 1: The effects of endophytes on macrophytes are often negative, and consequently macrophytes defend against endophytic infection. 2: Mesoherbivores prevent filamentous algal species, common in the intertidal, from dominating subtidal assemblages. 3: Mesograzer predation pressure on sessile benthic macroinvertebrates, primarily sponges and tunicates, is greatest in shallow habitats dominated by macrophytes, and this impacts depth distributions of macroinvertebrate species. 4: Benthic macroinvertebrates may defend against mesograzers with secondary metabolites which effect molting and/or deter feeding. Broader impacts include involvement of undergraduates, including minorities, in research; training of graduate students, and continuation of the highly successful UAB IN ANTARCTICA interactive web program (two time recipient of awards of excellence from the US Council for Advancement and Support of Education). The researchers also will share their scientific endeavors with teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large while in residence in Antarctica. In addition, the investigators will request the participation of a PolarTREC teacher.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Algae; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Baker, Bill", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula; Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000475", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "600096", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0902957 Robinson, Laura", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70.5 -54.5,-66.95 -54.5,-63.4 -54.5,-59.85 -54.5,-56.3 -54.5,-52.75 -54.5,-49.2 -54.5,-45.65 -54.5,-42.1 -54.5,-38.55 -54.5,-35 -54.5,-35 -55.2,-35 -55.9,-35 -56.6,-35 -57.3,-35 -58,-35 -58.7,-35 -59.4,-35 -60.1,-35 -60.8,-35 -61.5,-38.55 -61.5,-42.1 -61.5,-45.65 -61.5,-49.2 -61.5,-52.75 -61.5,-56.3 -61.5,-59.85 -61.5,-63.4 -61.5,-66.95 -61.5,-70.5 -61.5,-70.5 -60.8,-70.5 -60.1,-70.5 -59.4,-70.5 -58.7,-70.5 -58,-70.5 -57.3,-70.5 -56.6,-70.5 -55.9,-70.5 -55.2,-70.5 -54.5))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The proposal seeks funds to continue a follow-up analytical work of deep-sea corals collected in the Drake Passage during a research cruise. The project\u0027s goal is paleo-climate research looking to constrain the depth structure and time evolution of the radiocarbon content of the Southern Ocean during the glacial and deglaciation. Radiocarbon is a versatile tracer of past climate; its radioactive decay provides an internal clock with which to assess the rates of processes, and it can be used to trace the movement of carbon through the Earth\u0027s system. It enters the ocean through air-sea gas exchange, so processes that limits this will, therefore, reduce the radiocarbon content of both surface and deep waters. The Southern Ocean is a critical location for exchange of heat and carbon between the deep-ocean and atmospheric reservoirs, and the deep waters formed there fill large volumes of the global deep and intermediate oceans. As strong currents tend to scour away sediments, carbonate preservation is limited, and radiocarbon reservoir ages are poorly constrained, many traditional paleoceanographic techniques become impractical. It is proposed to alleviate these difficulties analyzing the chemical composition of deep-sea coral skeletons. Their aragonitic skeletons can be precisely dated using U-series decay, and when coupled with radiocarbon analyses will allow to calculate the C14/C12 ratio of the past water column.", "east": -35.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-52.75 -58)"], "keywords": "Biota; Corals; Drake Passage; Geochronology; NBP0805; Oceans; Paleoclimate; Radiocarbon; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Drake Passage; Southern Ocean", "north": -54.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Robinson, Laura", "project_titles": "LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000519", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -61.5, "title": "LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals", "uid": "600111", "west": -70.5}, {"awards": "0636319 Shaw, Timothy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-51.9201 -57.5061,-50.99447 -57.5061,-50.06884 -57.5061,-49.14321 -57.5061,-48.21758 -57.5061,-47.29195 -57.5061,-46.36632 -57.5061,-45.44069 -57.5061,-44.51506 -57.5061,-43.58943 -57.5061,-42.6638 -57.5061,-42.6638 -58.03449,-42.6638 -58.56288,-42.6638 -59.09127,-42.6638 -59.61966,-42.6638 -60.14805,-42.6638 -60.67644,-42.6638 -61.20483,-42.6638 -61.73322,-42.6638 -62.26161,-42.6638 -62.79,-43.58943 -62.79,-44.51506 -62.79,-45.44069 -62.79,-46.36632 -62.79,-47.29195 -62.79,-48.21758 -62.79,-49.14321 -62.79,-50.06884 -62.79,-50.99447 -62.79,-51.9201 -62.79,-51.9201 -62.26161,-51.9201 -61.73322,-51.9201 -61.20483,-51.9201 -60.67644,-51.9201 -60.14805,-51.9201 -59.61966,-51.9201 -59.09127,-51.9201 -58.56288,-51.9201 -58.03449,-51.9201 -57.5061))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions:1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.", "east": -42.6638, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.29195 -60.14805)"], "keywords": "Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Oceans; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -57.5061, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Shaw, Tim; Twining, Benjamin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000511", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -62.79, "title": "Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600064", "west": -51.9201}, {"awards": "0944474 Robinson, Laura", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70.5 -54.5,-66.95 -54.5,-63.4 -54.5,-59.85 -54.5,-56.3 -54.5,-52.75 -54.5,-49.2 -54.5,-45.65 -54.5,-42.1 -54.5,-38.55 -54.5,-35 -54.5,-35 -55.2,-35 -55.9,-35 -56.6,-35 -57.3,-35 -58,-35 -58.7,-35 -59.4,-35 -60.1,-35 -60.8,-35 -61.5,-38.55 -61.5,-42.1 -61.5,-45.65 -61.5,-49.2 -61.5,-52.75 -61.5,-56.3 -61.5,-59.85 -61.5,-63.4 -61.5,-66.95 -61.5,-70.5 -61.5,-70.5 -60.8,-70.5 -60.1,-70.5 -59.4,-70.5 -58.7,-70.5 -58,-70.5 -57.3,-70.5 -56.6,-70.5 -55.9,-70.5 -55.2,-70.5 -54.5))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Polar oceans are the main sites of deep-water formation and are critical to the exchange of heat and carbon between the deep ocean and the atmosphere. This award \"Historic perspectives on climate and biogeography from deep-sea corals in the Drake Passage\" will address the following specific research questions: What was the radiocarbon content of the Southern Ocean during the last glacial maximum and during past rapid climate change events? and What are the major controls on the past and present distribution of cold-water corals within the Drake Passage and adjacent continental shelves? Testing these overall questions will allow the researchers to better understand how processes in the Southern Ocean are linked to climate change over millennia. This award is being funded by the Antarctic Earth Sciences Program of NSF\u0027s Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. INTELLECTUAL MERIT: The skeletons of deep-sea corals are abundant in the Southern Ocean, and can be dated using U-series techniques making them a useful archive of oceanographic history. By pairing U-series and radiocarbon analyses the awardees can reconstruct the radiocarbon content of seawater in the past, allowing them to address the research questions raised above. Collection of living deep-sea corals along with environmental data will allow them to address the broader biogeography questions posed above as well. The awardees are uniquely qualified to answer these questions in their respective labs via cutting edge technologies, and they have shown promising results from a preliminary pilot cruise to the area in 2008. BROADER IMPACTS: Societal Relevance: The proposed paleoclimate research will make significant advances toward constraining the Southern Ocean\u0027s influence on global climate, specifically it should help set the bounds for the upper limits on how fast the ocean circulation might change in this region of the world, which is of high societal relevance in this era of changing climate. Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating undergraduate through post-doctoral students into research programs; ii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by providing information via a cruise website and in-school talks, iii) making the data collected available to the wider research community via data archives such as Seamounts Online and the Seamount Biogeographic Network and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as interviews in the popular media.", "east": -35.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-52.75 -58)"], "keywords": "Biota; Corals; Cruise Report; Drake Passage; NBP1103; Oceans; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Drake Passage; Southern Ocean", "north": -54.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Robinson, Laura", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Historic Perspectives on Climate and Biogeography from Deep-sea Corals in the Drake Passage", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000514", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Historic Perspectives on Climate and Biogeography from Deep-sea Corals in the Drake Passage"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -61.5, "title": "Historic Perspectives on Climate and Biogeography from Deep-Sea Corals in the Drake Passage", "uid": "600114", "west": -70.5}, {"awards": "0636506 Mayewski, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-144.39 -89.93)"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains ion measurements from co-registered samples from the South Pole Remote Earth Science and Seismological Observatory (SPRESSO) ice core. The core was drilled during the 2002-2003 field season as part of the International Trans-Antarctic Science Expedition (ITASE). Samples were collected for ion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry and stable water isotope analysis. Parameters include measurements of ion concentrations in ice core samples.\n\nThe data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel format (.xls).", "east": -144.39, "geometry": ["POINT(-144.39 -89.93)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; ITASE; Paleoclimate; South Pole; SPRESSO Ice Core", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -89.93, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Mayewski, Paul A.; Korotkikh, Elena", "project_titles": "Collaborative Proposal: 2000+ Year Detailed, Calibrated Climate Reconstruction from a South Pole Ice Core Set in an Antarctic - Global Scale Context", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000209", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Proposal: 2000+ Year Detailed, Calibrated Climate Reconstruction from a South Pole Ice Core Set in an Antarctic - Global Scale Context"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -89.93, "title": "Ion Concentrations from SPRESSO Ice Core, Antarctica", "uid": "609471", "west": -144.39}, {"awards": "0636543 Murray, Alison", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-51.98403 -57.58068,-51.042765 -57.58068,-50.1015 -57.58068,-49.160235 -57.58068,-48.21897 -57.58068,-47.277705 -57.58068,-46.33644 -57.58068,-45.395175 -57.58068,-44.45391 -57.58068,-43.512645 -57.58068,-42.57138 -57.58068,-42.57138 -58.10845,-42.57138 -58.63622,-42.57138 -59.16399,-42.57138 -59.69176,-42.57138 -60.21953,-42.57138 -60.7473,-42.57138 -61.27507,-42.57138 -61.80284,-42.57138 -62.33061,-42.57138 -62.85838,-43.512645 -62.85838,-44.45391 -62.85838,-45.395175 -62.85838,-46.33644 -62.85838,-47.277705 -62.85838,-48.21897 -62.85838,-49.160235 -62.85838,-50.1015 -62.85838,-51.042765 -62.85838,-51.98403 -62.85838,-51.98403 -62.33061,-51.98403 -61.80284,-51.98403 -61.27507,-51.98403 -60.7473,-51.98403 -60.21953,-51.98403 -59.69176,-51.98403 -59.16399,-51.98403 -58.63622,-51.98403 -58.10845,-51.98403 -57.58068))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.", "east": -42.57138, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.277705 -60.21953)"], "keywords": "Biota; Geochemistry; NBP0902; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -57.58068, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Murray, Alison", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000511", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -62.85838, "title": "Free-Drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600065", "west": -51.98403}, {"awards": "0538580 Hemming, Sidney", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((60 -60,72 -60,84 -60,96 -60,108 -60,120 -60,132 -60,144 -60,156 -60,168 -60,180 -60,180 -61,180 -62,180 -63,180 -64,180 -65,180 -66,180 -67,180 -68,180 -69,180 -70,168 -70,156 -70,144 -70,132 -70,120 -70,108 -70,96 -70,84 -70,72 -70,60 -70,60 -69,60 -68,60 -67,60 -66,60 -65,60 -64,60 -63,60 -62,60 -61,60 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project studies sediment from the ocean floor to understand Antarctica\u0027s geologic history. Glacially eroded from the Antarctic continent, these sediments may offer insight into the 99% Antarctica covered by ice. The work\u0027s central focus is determining crust formation ages and thermal histories for three key areas of East Antarctica--Prydz Bay, eastern Weddell Sea, and Wilkes Land--through a combination of petrography, bulk sediment geochemistry and radiogenic isotopes, as well as isotope chronology of individual mineral grains. One specific objective is characterizing the composition of the Gamburtsev Mountains through studies of Eocene fluvial sediments from Prydz Bay. In addition to furthering our understanding of the hidden terrains of Antarctica, these terrigenous sediments will also serve as a natural laboratory to evaluate the effects of continental weathering on the Hf/Nd isotope systematics of seawater. An important broader impact of the project is providing exciting research projects for graduate and postdoctoral students using state of the art techniques in geochemistry.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(120 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:sediment; Chemistry:Sediment; Geochemistry; Geochronology; Isotope Data; Marine Sediments; Oceans; Prydz Bay; Solid Earth; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea; Wilkes Land", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Prydz Bay; Wilkes Land; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "van de Flierdt, Tina; Goldstein, Steven L.; Hemming, Sidney R.", "project_titles": "Antarctica\u0027s Geological History Reflected in Sedimentary Radiogenic Isotopes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000524", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctica\u0027s Geological History Reflected in Sedimentary Radiogenic Isotopes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "Antarctica\u0027s Geological History Reflected in Sedimentary Radiogenic Isotopes", "uid": "600056", "west": 60.0}, {"awards": "0442857 Baker, Bill", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-65 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.6 -63,-64.4 -63,-64.2 -63,-64 -63,-63.8 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.4 -63,-63.2 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.2,-63 -63.4,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.8,-63 -64,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.4,-63 -64.6,-63 -64.8,-63 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.4 -65,-63.6 -65,-63.8 -65,-64 -65,-64.2 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.6 -65,-64.8 -65,-65 -65,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.6,-65 -64.4,-65 -64.2,-65 -64,-65 -63.8,-65 -63.6,-65 -63.4,-65 -63.2,-65 -63))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Mesoherbivores, and specifically amphipods, are a conspicuous and dominant component of the macroalgal community in Antarctica. Despite their high abundance, the functional ecology, and particularly the trophic relationships of Antarctic amphipods are poorly understood. This project will evaluate the importance of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1 to 25 mm in body length) in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities. This will be accomplished by examining the role of mesoherbivores in structuring macroalgal communities and by elucidating the ecological interactions of mesograzers with a dominant group of benthic macroinvertebrates, the marine sponges. Moreover, chemical studies will be conducted to gain a more thorough understanding of the chemical defenses that Antarctic Peninsula sponges direct towards crustacean mesograzers. Three sets of questions will be addressed concerning the importance of mesograzers, and amphipods in particular, in nearshore habitats of the western Antarctic Peninsula. First, the hypothesis that mesoherbivory is particularly heavy in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities and has an important influence on algal community structure will be addressed. Initial studies will document which species of amphipods feed in whole or part on microalgae and macroalgae, the incidence and distribution of filamentous endophytes in dominant macroalgae, comparative night time patterns of amphipod abundances on macrophytes, and the role of chemical mediation in these relationships. Second, the broad hypothesis that mesograzers in general, and amphipods in particular, interact with and prey upon sponges to a greater extent than heretofore recognized in Antarctic communities will be tested. The functional basis of these associations will be considered by examining whether the sponges are used as prey, and if so, whether there is evidence that some sponges produce secondary metabolites that show efficacy against mesograzers such as amphipods. Third, the researchers will test the hypotheses that: 1) Antarctic algae and invertebrates biosynthesize secondary metabolites that deter feeding by amphipod predators; and 2) pigments found in three Antarctic sponges are tryptophan catabolites produced as defenses against crustacean predators that impact molting. Evaluation of these hypotheses will be based on isolation and characterization of the specific anti-feeding metabolites, on biosynthetic studies to establish the metabolic origin of the pigments, and on bioassays to establish the chemical defense roles of both groups of compounds. A variety of educational activities will be a major component of this project. Opportunities will be made to support graduate and undergraduate research, both through NSF programs as well as home university-based programs including a number of funded programs that enhance the representation of minorities in the sciences. Through their proven and highly successful interactive web program, the investigators will continue to involve a large numbers of teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large in their scientific endeavors in Antarctica. Moreover, they will actively participate in outreach efforts by presenting numerous talks on their research to school and community groups.", "east": -63.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-64 -64)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Baker, Bill", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula; Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000475", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "600047", "west": -65.0}, {"awards": "0442769 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.15 -64.78,-64.132 -64.78,-64.114 -64.78,-64.096 -64.78,-64.078 -64.78,-64.06 -64.78,-64.042 -64.78,-64.024 -64.78,-64.006 -64.78,-63.988 -64.78,-63.97 -64.78,-63.97 -64.784,-63.97 -64.788,-63.97 -64.792,-63.97 -64.796,-63.97 -64.8,-63.97 -64.804,-63.97 -64.808,-63.97 -64.812,-63.97 -64.816,-63.97 -64.82,-63.988 -64.82,-64.006 -64.82,-64.024 -64.82,-64.042 -64.82,-64.06 -64.82,-64.078 -64.82,-64.096 -64.82,-64.114 -64.82,-64.132 -64.82,-64.15 -64.82,-64.15 -64.816,-64.15 -64.812,-64.15 -64.808,-64.15 -64.804,-64.15 -64.8,-64.15 -64.796,-64.15 -64.792,-64.15 -64.788,-64.15 -64.784,-64.15 -64.78))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Mesoherbivores, and specifically amphipods, are a conspicuous and dominant component of the macroalgal community in Antarctica. Despite their high abundance, the functional ecology, and particularly the trophic relationships of Antarctic amphipods are poorly understood. This project will evaluate the importance of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1 to 25 mm in body length) in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities. This will be accomplished by examining the role of mesoherbivores in structuring macroalgal communities and by elucidating the ecological interactions of mesograzers with a dominant group of benthic macroinvertebrates, the marine sponges. Moreover, chemical studies will be conducted to gain a more thorough understanding of the chemical defenses that Antarctic Peninsula sponges direct towards crustacean mesograzers. Three sets of questions will be addressed concerning the importance of mesograzers, and amphipods in particular, in nearshore habitats of the western Antarctic Peninsula. First, the hypothesis that mesoherbivory is particularly heavy in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities and has an important influence on algal community structure will be addressed. Initial studies will document which species of amphipods feed in whole or part on microalgae and macroalgae, the incidence and distribution of filamentous endophytes in dominant macroalgae, comparative night time patterns of amphipod abundances on macrophytes, and the role of chemical mediation in these relationships. Second, the broad hypothesis that mesograzers in general, and amphipods in particular, interact with and prey upon sponges to a greater extent than heretofore recognized in Antarctic communities will be tested. The functional basis of these associations will be considered by examining whether the sponges are used as prey, and if so, whether there is evidence that some sponges produce secondary metabolites that show efficacy against mesograzers such as amphipods. Third, the researchers will test the hypotheses that: 1) Antarctic algae and invertebrates biosynthesize secondary metabolites that deter feeding by amphipod predators; and 2) pigments found in three Antarctic sponges are tryptophan catabolites produced as defenses against crustacean predators that impact molting. Evaluation of these hypotheses will be based on isolation and characterization of the specific anti-feeding metabolites, on biosynthetic studies to establish the metabolic origin of the pigments, and on bioassays to establish the chemical defense roles of both groups of compounds. A variety of educational activities will be a major component of this project. Opportunities will be made to support graduate and undergraduate research, both through NSF programs as well as home university-based programs including a number of funded programs that enhance the representation of minorities in the sciences. Through their proven and highly successful interactive web program, the investigators will continue to involve a large numbers of teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large in their scientific endeavors in Antarctica. Moreover, they will actively participate in outreach efforts by presenting numerous talks on their research to school and community groups.", "east": -63.97, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.06 -64.8)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.78, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "McClintock, James; Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula; Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000475", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.82, "title": "The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "600046", "west": -64.15}, {"awards": "0338008 Wemple, Beverley", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-72 43)"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains sublimation rate data from laboratory studies of snow. Parameters include flow rate, measured sublimation rate, and theoretical maximum sublimation rate. Data were collected in cold rooms at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), in Hanover, NH, during 2005 and 2006. The data were collected as part of a collaborative research project. The project aims to develop a quantitative understanding of the processes active in isotopic exchange between snow/firn and water vapor, which is important to Antarctic ice core interpretation.\n\nData are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel (.xls) format.", "east": -72.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-72 43)"], "keywords": "Atmosphere; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Snow Sublimation Rate", "locations": null, "north": 43.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Neumann, Thomas A.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Laboratory Studies of Isotopic Exchange in Snow and Firn", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000132", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Laboratory Studies of Isotopic Exchange in Snow and Firn"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": 43.0, "title": "Laboratory Studies of Isotopic Exchange in Snow", "uid": "609445", "west": -72.0}, {"awards": "0338008 Wemple, Beverley", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-71.77 43.96,-71.766 43.96,-71.762 43.96,-71.758 43.96,-71.754 43.96,-71.75 43.96,-71.746 43.96,-71.742 43.96,-71.738 43.96,-71.734 43.96,-71.73 43.96,-71.73 43.955,-71.73 43.95,-71.73 43.945,-71.73 43.94,-71.73 43.935,-71.73 43.93,-71.73 43.925,-71.73 43.92,-71.73 43.915,-71.73 43.91,-71.734 43.91,-71.738 43.91,-71.742 43.91,-71.746 43.91,-71.75 43.91,-71.754 43.91,-71.758 43.91,-71.762 43.91,-71.766 43.91,-71.77 43.91,-71.77 43.915,-71.77 43.92,-71.77 43.925,-71.77 43.93,-71.77 43.935,-71.77 43.94,-71.77 43.945,-71.77 43.95,-71.77 43.955,-71.77 43.96))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains snow depth, Snow Water Equivalent (SWE), and forest cover characteristics for sites at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in northern New Hampshire. Measurements were made at 26 sampling sites on 4 March and 1 April 2009.The data were collected as part of a collaborative research project on isotopic exchange in snow. The project aims to develop a quantitative understanding of the processes active in isotopic exchange between snow/firn and water vapor, which is important to Antarctic ice core interpretation. Data are in Microsoft Excel (.xls) format. The data set also includes maps showing site locations in Joint Photography Experts Group (.jpg) format.", "east": -71.73, "geometry": ["POINT(-71.75 43.935)"], "keywords": "Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "locations": null, "north": 43.96, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Wemple, Beverley C.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Laboratory Studies of Isotopic Exchange in Snow and Firn", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000132", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Laboratory Studies of Isotopic Exchange in Snow and Firn"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": 43.91, "title": "Snow Accumulation and Snow Melt in a Mixed Northern Hardwood-Conifer Forest", "uid": "609441", "west": -71.77}, {"awards": "0440687 Costa, Daniel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64 -60,-63 -60,-62 -60,-61 -60,-60 -60,-59 -60,-58 -60,-57 -60,-56 -60,-55 -60,-54 -60,-54 -60.4,-54 -60.8,-54 -61.2,-54 -61.6,-54 -62,-54 -62.4,-54 -62.8,-54 -63.2,-54 -63.6,-54 -64,-55 -64,-56 -64,-57 -64,-58 -64,-59 -64,-60 -64,-61 -64,-62 -64,-63 -64,-64 -64,-64 -63.6,-64 -63.2,-64 -62.8,-64 -62.4,-64 -62,-64 -61.6,-64 -61.2,-64 -60.8,-64 -60.4,-64 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "As long-lived animals, marine mammals must be capable of accommodating broad variations in food resources over large spatial and temporal scales. While this is true of all marine mammals, variation in the physical and biological environmental is particularly profound in the Southern Ocean. A basic understanding of the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of pelagic predators requires knowledge of this spatial and temporal variation, coupled with information of how they respond to these changes. Current understanding of these associations is primarily limited to population level studies where animal abundance has been correlated with oceanography. Although these studies are informative, they cannot provide insights into the strategies employed by individual animals nor can they provide insights into the spatial or temporal course of these interactions. Recent technological advances in instrumentation make it possible to extend an understanding beyond the simple linkage of prey and predator distributions with environmental features. The key to understanding the processes that lead to high predator abundance is the identification of the specific foraging behaviors associated with different features of the water column. This study will accomplish these objectives by combining accurate positional data, measures of diving and foraging behavior, animal-derived water-column temperature and salinity data, and available oceanographic data. This project will examine the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of two species of contrasting foraging ecology, the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, and the crabeater seal, Lobodon carcinophagus in the Western Antarctic Peninsula, a region of strong environmental gradients. Although these two species are phylogenetically related, they utilize substantially different but adjacent habitat types. Southern elephant seals are predominantly pelagic, moving throughout the southern ocean, venturing occasionally into the seasonal pack ice whereas crabeater seals range throughout the seasonal pack ice, venturing occasionally into open water. The relationship of specific foraging behaviors and animal movement patterns to oceanographic and bathymetric features develop and test models of the importance of these features in defining habitat use will be determined along with a comparison of how individuals of each species respond to annual variability in the marine environment. The physical oceanography of the Southern Ocean is inherently complex as are the biological processes that are intrinsically linked to oceanographic processes. Significant resources are currently being directed toward developing mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes with the goals of better understanding the role that the Southern Ocean plays in global climate processes, predicting the responses of ocean and global scale processes to climate change, and understanding the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. These efforts have been limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data in the region, especially at high latitudes in the winter months. This study will provide new and significant oceanographic data on temperature and salinity profiles in to further the understanding of the dynamics of the upper water column of west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf waters. Outreach activities include website development and an association with a marine education program at the Monterrey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.\n", "east": -54.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-59 -62)"], "keywords": "Bellingshausen Sea; Biota; Oceans; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Bellingshausen Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Klinck, John M.; Crocker, Daniel; Goebel, Michael; Hofmann, Eileen; Costa, Daniel", "project_titles": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000082", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.0, "title": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection", "uid": "600044", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "0808947 Hofmann, Gretchen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-160 -70,-159 -70,-158 -70,-157 -70,-156 -70,-155 -70,-154 -70,-153 -70,-152 -70,-151 -70,-150 -70,-150 -70.7,-150 -71.4,-150 -72.1,-150 -72.8,-150 -73.5,-150 -74.2,-150 -74.9,-150 -75.6,-150 -76.3,-150 -77,-151 -77,-152 -77,-153 -77,-154 -77,-155 -77,-156 -77,-157 -77,-158 -77,-159 -77,-160 -77,-160 -76.3,-160 -75.6,-160 -74.9,-160 -74.2,-160 -73.5,-160 -72.8,-160 -72.1,-160 -71.4,-160 -70.7,-160 -70))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This Small Grant for Exploratory Research (SGER) will support the rapid acquisition of DNA sequence for the Antarctic pteropod Limacina helicina, a resource that would allow the development of a cDNA microarray to profile gene expression in this critical marine invertebrate in response to ocean acidification. This request would facilitate the collaboration of the PI (Hofmann), a marine molecular ecologist, with co-PI, Prof. Victoria Fabry, an expert in pteropod calcification biology, and a leader in the ocean acidification research community. Finally, the resources developed here would be shared with the polar research community and all DNA sequence data and protocols would be available via web databases. Notably, the genomic tool developed here would most likely be useful for pteropods from Antarctic and Arctic waters. The broader impacts of this project would be the development of genomic tools for a critical Antarctic marine invertebrate that is threatened by ocean acidification. In addition, these resources would be shared with the polar biology research community.", "east": -150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-155 -73.5)"], "keywords": "Biota; Genomics; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -70.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Fabry, Victoria; Hofmann, Gretchen", "project_titles": "Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000213", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods", "uid": "600088", "west": -160.0}, {"awards": "0801392 Swanson, Brian", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The primary objective of this research is to investigate polar marine psychrophilic bacteria for their potential to nucleate ice using a combination of microbiological, molecular biological and atmospheric science approaches in the laboratory. Very little is known about how psychrophiles interact and cope with ice or their adaptations to conditions of extreme cold and salinity. This work will involve a series of laboratory experiments using a novel freeze-tube technique for assaying freezing spectra which will provide quantitative information on: (i) the temperature-dependent freezing rates for heterogeneously frozen droplets containing sea-ice bacteria, (ii) the proportional occurrence of ice-nucleation activity versus anti-freeze activity among sea-ice bacterial isolates and (iii) the temperature-dependent freezing rates of bacteria with ice-nucleation activity grown at a range of temperatures and salinities. The compound(s) responsible for the observed activity will be identified, which is an essential step towards the development of an in-situ bacterial ice-nucleation detection assay that can be applied in the field to Antarctic water and cloud samples. One of the goals of this work is to better understand survival and cold adaptation processes of polar marine bacteria confronted with freezing conditions in sea ice. Since sea ice strongly impacts polar, as well as the global climates, this research is of significant interest because it will also provide data for accessing the importance of bacterial ice nucleation in the formation of sea ice. These measurements of ice-nucleation rates will be the first high-resolution measurements for psychrophilic marine bacteria. Another goal is to better understand the impact of bacterial ice initiation processes in polar clouds by making high-resolution measurements of nucleation rates for cloud bacteria found over Arctic and Antarctic regions. Initial measurements indicate these bacteria nucleate ice at warmer temperatures and the effect in polar regions may be quite important, since ice can strongly impact cloud dynamics, cloud radiative properties, precipitation formation, and cloud chemistry. If these initial measurements are confirmed, the data collected here will be important for improving the understanding of polar cloud processes and models. A third goal is to better understand the molecular basis of marine bacterial ice nucleation by characterizing the ice-nucleation compound and comparing it with those of known plant-derived ice-nucleating bacteria, which are the only ice-nucleating bacteria examined in detail to date. The proposed activity will support the beginning academic career of a post-doctoral researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects. Results from this research will be widely published in various scientific journals and outreach venues.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Biota; Microbiology; Oceans; Raman Spectroscopy; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Swanson, Brian", "project_titles": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000195", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles", "uid": "600087", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0636730 Vernet, Maria", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-55 -52,-53.5 -52,-52 -52,-50.5 -52,-49 -52,-47.5 -52,-46 -52,-44.5 -52,-43 -52,-41.5 -52,-40 -52,-40 -53.3,-40 -54.6,-40 -55.9,-40 -57.2,-40 -58.5,-40 -59.8,-40 -61.1,-40 -62.4,-40 -63.7,-40 -65,-41.5 -65,-43 -65,-44.5 -65,-46 -65,-47.5 -65,-49 -65,-50.5 -65,-52 -65,-53.5 -65,-55 -65,-55 -63.7,-55 -62.4,-55 -61.1,-55 -59.8,-55 -58.5,-55 -57.2,-55 -55.9,-55 -54.6,-55 -53.3,-55 -52))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.\n", "east": -40.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.5 -58.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; NBP0902; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -52.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Vernet, Maria", "project_titles": "Collaborative Reseach: Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000532", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Reseach: Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600068", "west": -55.0}, {"awards": "0636723 Helly, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-55 -52,-53.5 -52,-52 -52,-50.5 -52,-49 -52,-47.5 -52,-46 -52,-44.5 -52,-43 -52,-41.5 -52,-40 -52,-40 -53.3,-40 -54.6,-40 -55.9,-40 -57.2,-40 -58.5,-40 -59.8,-40 -61.1,-40 -62.4,-40 -63.7,-40 -65,-41.5 -65,-43 -65,-44.5 -65,-46 -65,-47.5 -65,-49 -65,-50.5 -65,-52 -65,-53.5 -65,-55 -65,-55 -63.7,-55 -62.4,-55 -61.1,-55 -59.8,-55 -58.5,-55 -57.2,-55 -55.9,-55 -54.6,-55 -53.3,-55 -52))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.", "east": -40.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.5 -58.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; NBP0902; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -52.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Helly, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000511", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Free-Drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600067", "west": -55.0}, {"awards": "0338342 Foreman, Christine; 0338260 Chin, Yu-Ping", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.167 -77.55)"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a significant chemical component in aquatic systems because it acts as an important carbon source for microorganisms, absorbs harmful radiation in sunlight, is able to complex metals, and can participate in important biogeochemical reactions. This study will investigate the biogeochemical cycling of DOM in a small coastal Antarctic pond, Pony Lake, located on Cape Royds, Ross Island. Because there are no higher plants present at this site all of the DOM in this lake is derived from microorganisms. Thus, Pony Lake is an ideal site to study the effect of physical, chemical, and microbial processes on the composition and character of the DOM pool. Finally, Pony Lake is also an ideal site to collect an International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) fulvic acid standard. Unlike other IHSS standards, this standard will not contain DOM components derived from higher land plants. To better understand the role of physical influences, the project will study the changes in the DOM pool as the lake evolves from ice-covered to ice-free conditions during the summer, as well as the relationship of DOM to the observed turnover of dominant microbial communities in the lake. Scientists will also monitor changes in microbial abundance, diversity, and productivity that may occur during the ice to open-water transition period. This research will provide much needed information regarding the relationship between microbial diversity and DOM biogeochemistry. Middle school science students will be active participants in this project through the Internet, while scientists are in the field, and in the lab.", "east": 166.167, "geometry": ["POINT(166.167 -77.55)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Critical Zone; Ross Island; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Water Samples", "locations": "Ross Island; Antarctica", "north": -77.55, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Chin, Yu-Ping; Foreman, Christine", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Biogeochemistry of Dissolved Organic Matter in Pony Lake, Ross Island", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000548", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Biogeochemistry of Dissolved Organic Matter in Pony Lake, Ross Island"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.55, "title": "Biogeochemistry of Dissolved Organic Matter in Pony Lake, Ross Island", "uid": "600168", "west": 166.167}, {"awards": "0436190 Eastman, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Patterns of biodiversity, as revealed by basic research in organismal biology, may be derived from ecological and evolutionary processes expressed in unique settings, such as Antarctica. The polar regions and their faunas are commanding increased attention as declining species diversity, environmental change, commercial fisheries, and resource management are now being viewed in a global context. Commercial fishing is known to have a direct and pervasive effect on marine biodiversity, and occurs in the Southern Ocean as far south as the Ross Sea. The nature of fish biodiversity in the Antarctic is different than in all other ocean shelf areas. Waters of the Antarctic continental shelf are ice covered for most of the year and water temperatures are nearly constant at -1.5 C. In these waters components of the phyletically derived Antarctic clade of Notothenioids dominate fish diversity. In some regions, including the southwestern Ross Sea, Notothenioids are overwhelmingly dominant in terms of number of species, abundance, and biomass. Such dominance by a single taxonomic group is unique among shelf faunas of the world. In the absence of competition from a taxonomically diverse fauna, Notothenioids underwent a habitat or depth related diversification keyed to the utilization of unfilled niches in the water column, especially pelagic or partially pelagic zooplanktivory and piscivory. This has been accomplished in the absence of a swim bladder for buoyancy control. They also may form a special type of adaptive radiation known as a species flock, which is an assemblage of a disproportionately high number of related species that have evolved rapidly within a defined area where most species are endemic. Diversification in buoyancy is the hallmark of the notothenioid radiation. Buoyancy is the feature of notothenioid biology that determines whether a species lives on the substrate, in the water column or both. Buoyancy also influences other key aspects of life history including swimming, feeding and reproduction and thus has implications for the role of the species in the ecosystem. With similarities to classic evolutionary hot spots, the Antarctic shelf and its Notothenioid radiation merit further exploration. The 2004 \u0027International Collaborative Expedition to collect and study Fish Indigenous to Sub-Antarctic Habitats,\u0027 or, \u0027ICEFISH,\u0027 provided a platform for collection of notothenioid fishes from sub-Antarctic waters between South America and Africa, which will be examined in this project. This study will determine buoyancy for samples of all notothenioid species captured during the ICEFISH cruise. This essential aspect of the biology is known for only 19% of the notothenioid fauna. Also, the gross and microscopic anatomy of brains and sense organs of the phyletically basal families Bovichtidae, Eleginopidae, and of the non-Antarctic species of the primarily Antarctic family Nototheniidae will be examined. The fish biodiversity and endemicity in poorly known localities along the ICEFISH cruise track, seamounts and deep trenches will be quantified. Broader impacts include improved information for comprehending and conserving biodiversity, a scientific and societal priority.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Biota; NBP0404; Oceans; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Eastman, Joseph", "project_titles": "Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000106", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "uid": "600038", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0437887 Sidell, Bruce", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The polar ocean presently surrounding Antarctica is the coldest, most thermally stable marine environment on earth. Because oxygen solubility in seawater is inversely proportional to temperature, the cold Antarctic seas are an exceptionally oxygen-rich aquatic habitat. Eight families of a single perciform suborder, the Notothenioidei, dominate the present fish fauna surrounding Antarctica. Notothenioids account for approximately 35% of fish species and 90% of fish biomass south of the Antarctic Polar Front. Radiation of closely related notothenioid species thus has occurred rapidly and under a very unusual set of conditions: relative oceanographic isolation from other faunas due to circumpolar currents and deep ocean trenches surrounding the continent, chronically, severely cold water temperatures, very high oxygen availability, very low levels of niche competition in a Southern Ocean depauperate of species subsequent to a dramatic crash in species diversity of fishes that occurred sometime between the mid-Tertiary and present. These features make Antarctic notothenioid fishes an uniquely attractive group for the study of physiological and biochemical adaptations to cold body temperature. Few distinctive features of Antarctic fishes are as unique as the pattern of expression of oxygen-binding proteins in one notothenioid family, the Channichthyidae (Antarctic icefishes). All channichthyid icefishes lack the circulating oxygen-binding protein, hemoglobin (Hb); the intracellular oxygen-binding protein, myoglobin (Mb) is not uniformly expressed in species of this family. Both proteins are normally considered essential for adequate delivery of oxygen to aerobically poised tissues of animals. To compensate for the absence of Hb, icefishes have developed large hearts, rapidly circulate a large blood volume and possess elaborate vasculature of larger lumenal diameter than is seen in red-blooded fishes. Loss of Mb expression in oxidative muscles correlates with dramatic elevation in density of mitochondria within the cell, although each individual organelle is less densely packed with respiratory proteins. Within the framework of oxygen movement, the adaptive significance of greater vascular density and mitochondrial populations is understandable but mechanisms underlying development of these characteristics remain unknown. The answer may lie in another major function of both Hb and Mb, degradation of the ubiquitous bioactive compound, nitric oxide (NO). The research will test the hypothesis that loss of hemoprotein expression in icefishes has resulted in an increase in levels of NO that mediate modification of vascular systems and expansion of mitochondrial populations in oxidative tissues. The objectives of the proposal are to quantify the vascular density of retinas in +Hb and -Hb notothenioid species, to characterize NOS isoforms and catalytic activity in retina and cardiac muscle of Antarctic notothenioid fishes, to evaluate level of expression of downstream factors implicat ed in angiogenesis (in retinal tissue) and mitochondrial biogenesis (in cardiac muscle), and to determine whether inhibition of NOS in vivo results in regression of angiogenic and mitochondrial biogenic responses in icefishes. Broader impacts range from basic biology, through training of young scientists, to enhanced understanding of clinically relevant biomedical processes.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Biota; Oceans; Pot; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean; Trawl", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Sidell, Bruce", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000527", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis", "uid": "600039", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0440414 Steig, Eric", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to obtain stable isotope profiles from shallow (\u003c100 m) ice cores from East Antarctica, to add to the growing database of environmental proxy data collected under the auspices of the \"ITASE\" (International TransAntarctic Scientific Expedition) program. In Antarctica, the instrumental record of climate is particularly short (~40 years except in a few isolated locations on the coast), and ice core proxy data are the only means available for extending this record into the past. The use of stable isotopes of water (18-O/16-O and D/H ratios) from ice cores as proxies for temperature is well established for both very short (i.e. seasonal) and long timescales (centuries, millennia). Using multivariate regression methods and shallow ice cores from West Antarctica, a reconstruction of Antarctic climate over the last ~150 years has been developed which suggests the continent has been warming, on average, at a rate of ~0.2 K/century. Further improving these reconstructions is the chief motivation for further extending the US ITASE project. Ten to fifteen shallow (~100 m) from Victoria Land, East Antarctica will be obtained and analyzed. The core will be collected along a traverse route beginning at Taylor Dome and ending at the South Pole. Age-depth relationships for the cores will be determined through a combination of stable isotopes, visual stratigraphy and seasonal chemical signatures and marker horizons. Reconstructions of Antarctic climate obtained from these cores will be incorporated into the global network of paleoclimate information, which has been important in science, policy and educational contexts. The project will include graduate student and postdoctoral training and field experience.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Climate; Cryosphere; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Isotope; ITASE; Meteorology; Paleoclimate; Satellite Remote Sensing; Weather Station Data", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Steig, Eric J.", "project_titles": "Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000202", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "ITASE", "south": -90.0, "title": "Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites", "uid": "600042", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0230276 Ward, Bess", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162 -77.2,162.16 -77.2,162.32 -77.2,162.48 -77.2,162.64 -77.2,162.8 -77.2,162.96 -77.2,163.12 -77.2,163.28 -77.2,163.44 -77.2,163.6 -77.2,163.6 -77.26,163.6 -77.32,163.6 -77.38,163.6 -77.44,163.6 -77.5,163.6 -77.56,163.6 -77.62,163.6 -77.68,163.6 -77.74,163.6 -77.8,163.44 -77.8,163.28 -77.8,163.12 -77.8,162.96 -77.8,162.8 -77.8,162.64 -77.8,162.48 -77.8,162.32 -77.8,162.16 -77.8,162 -77.8,162 -77.74,162 -77.68,162 -77.62,162 -77.56,162 -77.5,162 -77.44,162 -77.38,162 -77.32,162 -77.26,162 -77.2))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Denitrification is the main process by which fixed nitrogen is lost from ecosystems and the regulation of this process may directly affect primary production and carbon cycling over short and long time scales. Previous investigations of the role of bioactive metals in regulating denitrification in bacteria from permanently ice-covered Lake Bonney in the Taylor Valley of East Antarctica indicated that denitrifying bacteria can be negatively affected by metals such as copper, iron, cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, silver and zinc; and that there is a distinct difference in denitrifying activity between the east and west lobes of the lake. \n\nLow iron concentrations were found to exacerbate the potential toxicity of the other metals, while silver has the potential to specifically inhibit denitrification because of its ability to interfere with copper binding in redox proteins, such as nitrite reductase and nitrous oxide reductase. High silver concentrations might prevent the functioning of nitrous oxide reductase in the same way that simple copper limitation does, thereby causing the buildup of nitrous oxide and resulting in a nonfunctional nitrogen cycle. Other factors, such as oxygen concentration, are likely also to affect bacterial activity in Lake Bonney.\n\nThis project will investigate silver toxicity, general metal toxicity and oxygen concentration to determine their effect on denitrification in the lake by using a suite of \u0027sentinel\u0027 strains of denitrifying bacteria (isolated from the lake) incubated in Lake Bonney water and subjected to various treatments. The physiological responses of these strains to changes in metal and oxygen concentration will be quantified by flow cytometric detection of single cell molecular probes whose sensitivity and interpretation have been optimized for the sentinel strains. Understanding the relationships between metals and denitrification is expected to enhance our understanding of not only Lake Bonney\u0027s unusual nitrogen cycle, but more generally, of the potential role of metals in the regulation of microbial nitrogen transformations. The broader impacts of this work include not only a better understanding of regional biogeochemistry and global perspectives on these processes; but also the training of graduate students and a substantial outreach effort for school children.", "east": 163.6, "geometry": ["POINT(162.8 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; CTD Data; Dry Valleys; Lake Bonney; Lake Vanda; Microbiology; Taylor Valley", "locations": "Dry Valleys; Lake Bonney; Lake Vanda; Taylor Valley; Antarctica", "north": -77.2, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Ward, Bess", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: What Limits Denitrification and Bacterial Growth in Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica?", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000223", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: What Limits Denitrification and Bacterial Growth in Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica?"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8, "title": "What Limits Denitrification and Bacterial Growth in Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica?", "uid": "600033", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "0228842 Grew, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((76 -69.3,76.05 -69.3,76.1 -69.3,76.15 -69.3,76.2 -69.3,76.25 -69.3,76.3 -69.3,76.35 -69.3,76.4 -69.3,76.45 -69.3,76.5 -69.3,76.5 -69.32,76.5 -69.34,76.5 -69.36,76.5 -69.38,76.5 -69.4,76.5 -69.42,76.5 -69.44,76.5 -69.46,76.5 -69.48,76.5 -69.5,76.45 -69.5,76.4 -69.5,76.35 -69.5,76.3 -69.5,76.25 -69.5,76.2 -69.5,76.15 -69.5,76.1 -69.5,76.05 -69.5,76 -69.5,76 -69.48,76 -69.46,76 -69.44,76 -69.42,76 -69.4,76 -69.38,76 -69.36,76 -69.34,76 -69.32,76 -69.3))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award, provided by the Antarctic Geology and Geophysics Program of the Office of Polar Programs, supports a project to investigate the role and fate of Boron in high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Larsemann Hills region of Antarctica. Trace elements provide valuable information on the changes sedimentary rocks undergo as temperature and pressure increase during burial. One such element, boron, is particularly sensitive to increasing temperature because of its affinity for aqueous fluids, which are lost as rocks are buried. Boron contents of unmetamorphosed pelitic sediments range from 20 to over 200 parts per million, but rarely exceed 5 parts per million in rocks subjected to conditions of the middle and lower crust, that is, temperatures of 700 degrees C or more in the granulite-facies, which is characterized by very low water activities at pressures of 5 to 10 kbar (18-35 km burial). Devolatization reactions with loss of aqueous fluid and partial melting with removal of melt have been cited as primary causes for boron depletion under granulite-facies conditions. Despite the pervasiveness of both these processes, rocks rich in boron are locally found in the granulite-facies, that is, there are mechanisms for retaining boron during the metamorphic process. The Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, Antarctica, are a prime example. More than 20 lenses and layered bodies containing four borosilicate mineral species crop out over a 50 square kilometer area, which thus would be well suited for research on boron-rich granulite-facies metamorphic rocks. While most investigators have focused on the causes for loss of boron, this work will investigate how boron is retained during high-grade metamorphism. Field observations and mapping in the Larsemann Hills, chemical analyses of minerals and their host rocks, and microprobe age dating will be used to identify possible precursors and deduce how the precursor materials recrystallized into borosilicate rocks under granulite-facies conditions. \n\nThe working hypothesis is that high initial boron content facilitates retention of boron during metamorphism because above a certain threshold boron content, a mechanism \u0027kicks in\u0027 that facilitates retention of boron in metamorphosed rocks. For example, in a rock with large amounts of the borosilicate tourmaline, such as stratabound tourmalinite, the breakdown of tourmaline to melt could result in the formation of prismatine and grandidierite, two borosilicates found in the Larsemann Hills. This situation is rarely observed in rocks with modest boron content, in which breakdown of tourmaline releases boron into partial melts, which in turn remove boron when they leave the system. Stratabound tourmalinite is associated with manganese-rich quartzite, phosphorus-rich rocks and sulfide concentrations that could be diagnostic for recognizing a tourmalinite protolith in a highly metamorphosed complex where sedimentary features have been destroyed by deformation. Because partial melting plays an important role in the fate of boron during metamorphism, our field and laboratory research will focus on the relationship between the borosilicate units, granite pegmatites and other granitic intrusives. The results of our study will provide information on cycling of boron at deeper levels in the Earth\u0027s crust and on possible sources of boron for granites originating from deep-seated rocks. An undergraduate student will participate in the electron microprobe age-dating of monazite and xenotime as part of a senior project, thereby integrating the proposed research into the educational mission of the University of Maine. In response to a proposal for fieldwork, the Australian Antarctic Division, which maintains Davis station near the Larsemann Hills, has indicated that they will support the Antarctic fieldwork.", "east": 76.5, "geometry": ["POINT(76.25 -69.4)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Geochemistry; Geochronology; Solid Earth", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -69.3, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Grew, Edward", "project_titles": "Boron in Antarctic granulite-facies rocks: under what conditions is boron retained in the middle crust?", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000431", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Boron in Antarctic granulite-facies rocks: under what conditions is boron retained in the middle crust?"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.5, "title": "Boron in Antarctic granulite-facies rocks: under what conditions is boron retained in the middle crust?", "uid": "600030", "west": 76.0}, {"awards": "0440954 Miller, Molly", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((159 -76.61667,159.05 -76.61667,159.1 -76.61667,159.15 -76.61667,159.2 -76.61667,159.25 -76.61667,159.3 -76.61667,159.35 -76.61667,159.4 -76.61667,159.45 -76.61667,159.5 -76.61667,159.5 -76.630003,159.5 -76.643336,159.5 -76.656669,159.5 -76.670002,159.5 -76.683335,159.5 -76.696668,159.5 -76.710001,159.5 -76.723334,159.5 -76.736667,159.5 -76.75,159.45 -76.75,159.4 -76.75,159.35 -76.75,159.3 -76.75,159.25 -76.75,159.2 -76.75,159.15 -76.75,159.1 -76.75,159.05 -76.75,159 -76.75,159 -76.736667,159 -76.723334,159 -76.710001,159 -76.696668,159 -76.683335,159 -76.670002,159 -76.656669,159 -76.643336,159 -76.630003,159 -76.61667))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project studies fossils from two to three hundred million year old rocks in the Allan Hills area of Antarctica. Similar deposits from lower latitudes have been used to develop a model of Permo-Triassic climate, wherein melting of continental glaciers in the early Permian leads to the establishment of forests in a cold, wet climate. Conditions became warmer and dryer by the early Triassic, inhibiting plant growth until a moistening climate in the late Triassic allowed plant to flourish once again. This project will test and refine this model and investigate the general effects of climate change on landscapes and ecosystems using the unique exposures and well-preserved fossil and sediment records in the Allan Hills area. The area will be searched for fossil forests, vertebrate tracks and burrows, arthropod trackways, and subaqueously produced biogenic structures, which have been found in other areas of Antarctica. Finds will be integrated with previous paleobiologic studies to reconstruct and interpret ecosystems and their changes. Structures and rock types documenting the end phases of continental glaciation and other major episodic sedimentations will also be described and interpreted. This project contributes to understanding the: (1) evolution of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and how they were affected by the end-Permian extinction, (2) abundance and diversity of terrestrial and aquatic arthropods at high latitudes, (3) paleogeographic distribution and evolution of vertebrates and invertebrates as recorded by trace and body fossils; and (3) response of landscapes to changes in climate. In terms of broader impacts, this project will provide an outstanding introduction to field research for graduate and undergraduate students, and generate related opportunities for several undergraduates. It will also stimulate exchange of ideas among research and primarily undergraduate institutions. Novel outreach activities are also planned to convey Earth history to the general public, including a short film on the research process and products, and paintings by a professional scientific illustrator of Permo-Traissic landscapes and ecosystems.", "east": 159.5, "geometry": ["POINT(159.25 -76.683335)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Paleontology; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Solid Earth", "locations": "Allan Hills; Antarctica", "north": -76.61667, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Miller, Molly", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing the High Latitude Permian-Triassic: Life, Landscapes, and Climate Recorded in the Allan Hills, South Victoria Land, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000207", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing the High Latitude Permian-Triassic: Life, Landscapes, and Climate Recorded in the Allan Hills, South Victoria Land, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.75, "title": "Reconstructing the High Latitude Permian-Triassic: Life, Landscapes, and Climate Recorded in the Allan Hills, South Victoria Land, Antarctica", "uid": "600045", "west": 159.0}, {"awards": "0238281 Marsh, Adam", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -77,163.4 -77,163.8 -77,164.2 -77,164.6 -77,165 -77,165.4 -77,165.8 -77,166.2 -77,166.6 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.6 -78,166.2 -78,165.8 -78,165.4 -78,165 -78,164.6 -78,164.2 -78,163.8 -78,163.4 -78,163 -78,163 -77.9,163 -77.8,163 -77.7,163 -77.6,163 -77.5,163 -77.4,163 -77.3,163 -77.2,163 -77.1,163 -77))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Although we envision the coastal margins of Antarctica as an extreme environment challenging to the existence of life, there are many marine invertebrates that are adapted to live and thrive under the sea ice. For two field seasons, the SCUBA diving activities of this project routinely involved photographing these animals in all the dive locations as a way to document what we observed as the dominant organisms at each site. Ice diving is very strenuous for humans, and often the constraints of managing the work on a dive, monitoring air reserves, tracking proximity to the dive hole, and the 50 minute exposure to subfreezing temperatures limits a divers ability to \"catalog\" observations that are not essential to the current dive plan. The photographs archived here have provided the project\u0027s dive team with the ability to \"debrief\" following a dive and more or less reenact the dive by moving through the photograph images. Studying these images often served as a visual trigger for divers to recall more specific observations and in many cases details in the photographs were captured without the photographer (A. Marsh) realizing that they were there (such as small, cryptic species hiding in a shadow until the strobe light fires for the photo, illuminating these secondary subjects). These photographs are intended to serve as a record of what organisms we encountered in the McMurdo Sound area in 2004 and 2005. All photographs were taken with a Nikon D-70 in a polycarbonate underwater housing using either a 18 mm (wide) or 60 mm (macro) lens.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Mcmurdo Sound; Oceans; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Marsh, Adam G.", "project_titles": "CAREER: Genomic Networks for Cold-Adaptation in Embryos of Polar Marine Invertebrates", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000240", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "CAREER: Genomic Networks for Cold-Adaptation in Embryos of Polar Marine Invertebrates"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Marine Invertebrates of McMurdo Sound", "uid": "600034", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "0229638 Ponganis, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -77,163.4 -77,163.8 -77,164.2 -77,164.6 -77,165 -77,165.4 -77,165.8 -77,166.2 -77,166.6 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.6 -78,166.2 -78,165.8 -78,165.4 -78,165 -78,164.6 -78,164.2 -78,163.8 -78,163.4 -78,163 -78,163 -77.9,163 -77.8,163 -77.7,163 -77.6,163 -77.5,163 -77.4,163 -77.3,163 -77.2,163 -77.1,163 -77))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri, is the premier avian diver and a top predator in the Antarctic ecosystem. The routine occurrence of 500-m diver during foraging trips to sea is both a physiological and behavior enigma. The objectives of this project address how and why emperors dive as deep and long as they do. The project examines four major topics in the diving biology of emperor penguins: pressure tolerance, oxygen store management, end-organ tolerance of diving hypoxemia/ischemia, and deep-dive foraging behavior. These subjects are relevant to the role of the emperor as a top predator in the Antarctic ecosystem, and to critical concepts in diving physiology, including decompression sickness, nitrogen narcosis, shallow water blackout, hypoxemic tolerance, and extension of aerobic dive time. The following hypotheses will be tested: 1) Prevention of nitrogen narcosis and decompression sickness in emperor penguins is achieved by inhibition of pulmonary gas exchange at depth. 2) Shallow water black out does not occur because of greater cerebral hypoxemic tolerance, and, in deep dives, because of resumption of pulmonary gas exchange during final ascent. 3) The rate of depletion of the blood oxygen store is a function of depth of dive and heart rate. 4) The aerobic dive limit (ADL) reflects the onset of lactate accumulation in locomotory muscle, not total depletion of all oxygen stores. 5) Elevation of tissue antioxidant capacity and free-radical scavenging enzyme activities protect against the routine ischemia/reperfusion which occur during diving. 6) During deep dives, the Antarctic silverfish, Pleuorogramma antarcticum, is the primary prey item for emperors. In addition to evaluation of the hypotheses below, the project has broader impacts in several areas such as partnership with foreign and national institutes and organizations (e.g., the National Institute of Polar Research of Japan, Centro de Investigacioines del Noroeste of Mexico, National Geographic, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Sea World). Participation in National Geographic television documentaries will provide unique educational opportunities for the general public; development of state-of-the-art technology (e.g., blood oxygen electrode recorders, blood samplers, and miniaturized digital cameras) will lay the groundwork for future research by this group and others; and the effects of the B15 iceberg on breeding success of emperor penguins will continue to be evaluated with population censuses during planned fieldwork at several Ross Sea emperor penguin colonies.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Penguin; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Ponganis, Paul", "project_titles": "Diving Physiology and Behavior of Emperor Penguins", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000239", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Diving Physiology and Behavior of Emperor Penguins"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Diving Physiology and Behavior of Emperor Penguins", "uid": "600031", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "0127022 Jeffrey, Wade", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((159.8 -43.3,161.8 -43.3,163.8 -43.3,165.8 -43.3,167.8 -43.3,169.8 -43.3,171.8 -43.3,173.8 -43.3,175.8 -43.3,177.8 -43.3,179.8 -43.3,179.8 -45.65,179.8 -48,179.8 -50.35,179.8 -52.7,179.8 -55.05,179.8 -57.4,179.8 -59.75,179.8 -62.1,179.8 -64.45,179.8 -66.8,177.8 -66.8,175.8 -66.8,173.8 -66.8,171.8 -66.8,169.8 -66.8,167.8 -66.8,165.8 -66.8,163.8 -66.8,161.8 -66.8,159.8 -66.8,159.8 -64.45,159.8 -62.1,159.8 -59.75,159.8 -57.4,159.8 -55.05,159.8 -52.7,159.8 -50.35,159.8 -48,159.8 -45.65,159.8 -43.3))", "POLYGON((167 -74.4,168.36 -74.4,169.72 -74.4,171.08 -74.4,172.44 -74.4,173.8 -74.4,175.16 -74.4,176.52 -74.4,177.88 -74.4,179.24 -74.4,180.6 -74.4,180.6 -74.735,180.6 -75.07,180.6 -75.405,180.6 -75.74,180.6 -76.075,180.6 -76.41,180.6 -76.745,180.6 -77.08,180.6 -77.415,180.6 -77.75,179.24 -77.75,177.88 -77.75,176.52 -77.75,175.16 -77.75,173.8 -77.75,172.44 -77.75,171.08 -77.75,169.72 -77.75,168.36 -77.75,167 -77.75,167 -77.415,167 -77.08,167 -76.745,167 -76.41,167 -76.075,167 -75.74,167 -75.405,167 -75.07,167 -74.735,167 -74.4))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Data from five research cruises from OPP grant entitled \"Interactive Effects of UV and Vertical Mixing on Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity of Ross Sea Phaeocystis Bloom (OPP0127022). The first two cruises were ships of opportunity cruises in the Pacific Ocean, the first collecting data between Valapariso, Chile and San Diego, CA (October 2002). The second and third cruises combined to provide data in a transect from 70 N to 68 S latitude in the Pacific ocean (August - November 2003). The remaining two cruises were to the Ross Sea, the first in December 2004 - January 2005 and the last from October - November 2005. Data presented include microbial biomass (bacterial direct counts) and chlorophyll a concentrations, bacterial production (as leucine or thymidine incorporation), solar irradiance data, CTD profiles, and one set of under water diffuse attenuation coefficients of for the Ross Sea.", "east": 180.6, "geometry": ["POINT(169.8 -55.05)", "POINT(173.8 -76.075)"], "keywords": "Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; CTD Data; Microbiology; Oceans; Phytoplankton; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -43.3, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Jeffrey, Wade H.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Proposal: Interactive Effects of UV Radiation and Vertical Mixing on Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity of Ross See Phaeocystis Blooms", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000578", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Proposal: Interactive Effects of UV Radiation and Vertical Mixing on Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity of Ross See Phaeocystis Blooms"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.75, "title": "Interactive Effects of UV Radiation and Vertical Mixing on Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity of Ross Sea Phaeocystis Blooms", "uid": "600029", "west": 159.8}, {"awards": "0536870 Rogers, Scott", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(106.8 -72.4667)"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The large subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica is unique ecological site with a novel microbial biota. The temperatures, pressures and lack of light all select for organisms that may not exist anywhere else on Earth. The accretion ice (lake water frozen to the bottom of the lower surface of the glacier) has preserved microbial samples from each region of Lake Vostok as the glacier passes over and into the lake. Thus, without contaminating the lake with microorganisms from the surface, microbes originating from the lake can be collected, transported to the laboratory and studied. Two of the deepest ice cores sections in this project are part of the international allocation. \n\nThe will be shared between four researchers (Sergey Bulat from Russia, Jean-Robert Petit and Daniel Prieur from France, Scott Rogers from USA). The United States team will study, isolate, and characterize bacteria, fungi, and viruses that have been sampled from the lake through the process of ice accretion to the lower surface of 3500+m thick glacier overriding the lake. The project will involve a suite of methods, including molecular, morphological, and cultural. This includes observation and description by fluorescence, light, and electron microscopy, isolation on thirteen separate cultural media, polymerase chain reaction amplification, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. Eleven accretion ice core sections, as well as two glacial ice core sections. As well as two glacial ice core sections will be studied. The accretion ice core sections, as well as two glacial ice core sections will be studied. The accretion ice core sections represent all of the major regions of the lake that have been sampled by the accretion process in the vicinity of the Vostok 5G ice core. The broader impacts of the work relate to the impact the results will have on the filed. These long=isolated lakes, deep below the Antarctic ice sheet may contain novel uniquely adapted organisms. Glacial ice contains an enormous diversity of entrapped microbes, some of which may be metabolically active in the ice. The microbes from Lake Vostok are of special interest, since they are adapted to cold, dark, and high pressure. Thus, their enzyme systems and biochemical pathways may be significantly different from those in the microbes that are the subject of current studies. As such, these organisms may form compounds that may have useful applications. Also, study of the accretion ice, and eventually the water, from Lake Vostok will provide a basis for the study of other subglacial lakes. Additionally, study of the microbes in the accretion ice will be useful to those planning to study analogous systems on ice-covered planets and moons.", "east": 106.8, "geometry": ["POINT(106.8 -72.4667)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Cryosphere; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Hydrothermal Vent; Lake Vostok; Microbes; Subglacial Lake", "locations": "Lake Vostok; Antarctica", "north": -72.4667, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Rogers, Scott O.", "project_titles": "Comprehensive Biological Study of Vostok Accretion Ice", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000566", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Comprehensive Biological Study of Vostok Accretion Ice"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -72.4667, "title": "Comprehensive Biological Study of Vostok Accretion Ice", "uid": "600052", "west": 106.8}, {"awards": "0125579 Cuffey, Kurt", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((160.1 -77.6,160.31 -77.6,160.52 -77.6,160.73 -77.6,160.94 -77.6,161.15 -77.6,161.36 -77.6,161.57 -77.6,161.78 -77.6,161.99 -77.6,162.2 -77.6,162.2 -77.63,162.2 -77.66,162.2 -77.69,162.2 -77.72,162.2 -77.75,162.2 -77.78,162.2 -77.81,162.2 -77.84,162.2 -77.87,162.2 -77.9,161.99 -77.9,161.78 -77.9,161.57 -77.9,161.36 -77.9,161.15 -77.9,160.94 -77.9,160.73 -77.9,160.52 -77.9,160.31 -77.9,160.1 -77.9,160.1 -77.87,160.1 -77.84,160.1 -77.81,160.1 -77.78,160.1 -77.75,160.1 -77.72,160.1 -77.69,160.1 -77.66,160.1 -77.63,160.1 -77.6))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Dec 2007 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set provides glacier surface ablation rates for a network of approximately 250 sites on Taylor Glacier, spanning a period from 2003 to 2011. Here sublimation is the dominant ablation mechanism, though a few sites have accumulation. Ablation data are provided in meters water equivalent per year. \n\nData are available via FTP in space-delimited ASCII format.", "east": 162.2, "geometry": ["POINT(161.15 -77.75)"], "keywords": "Ablation Poles; Ablation Rates; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Taylor Glacier", "locations": "Taylor Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -77.6, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Cuffey, Kurt M.; Bliss, Andrew; Kavanaugh, Jeffrey", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Dynamics and Climatic Response of the Taylor Glacier System", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000084", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Dynamics and Climatic Response of the Taylor Glacier System"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.9, "title": "Ablation Rates of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica", "uid": "609326", "west": 160.1}, {"awards": "9615502 Harrison, William", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-148.822 -81.655)", "POINT(-148.693 -81.595)"], "date_created": "Thu, 22 Feb 2007 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "At the Siple Dome area of Antarctica, much of the ice flow is vertical, which causes vertical ice deformation. To measure this phenomenon, the investigators used a method known as vertical strain rate. This project was a part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Cores (WAISCORES) project for deep ice coring in West Antarctica. WAISCORES is supported by the Office of Polar Programs (OPP), National Science Foundation (NSF).\n\nThis data set consists of a table of long-term average strain rates measured between 1999 and 2002 at Siple Dome, Antarctica. The measurements were taken in hot-water boreholes by bridge gauges. Data are available in tab-delimited ASCII text format or PDF via FTP.", "east": -148.693, "geometry": ["POINT(-148.822 -81.655)", "POINT(-148.693 -81.595)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Geodesy; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core; Strain; WAISCORES", "locations": "Siple Dome; Antarctica", "north": -81.595, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Harrison, William; Morack, James; Waddington, Edwin D.; Pettit, Erin; Zumberge, Mark; Elsberg, Daniel", "project_titles": "Ice Dynamics, the Flow Law, and Vertical Strain at Siple Dome", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000601", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ice Dynamics, the Flow Law, and Vertical Strain at Siple Dome"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.655, "title": "Vertical Strain at Siple Dome, Antarctica, 1999-2002", "uid": "609214", "west": -148.822}, {"awards": "XXXXXXX Palais, Julie", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "date_created": "Mon, 18 Aug 2003 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica.\n\nThis data set provides measurements of stable isotopes of water and deuterium excess for the Siple Dome ice cores. The shallow cores from Siple Dome were analyzed for isotopes with sub-annual temporal detail.", "east": -149.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Isotope; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core; WAISCORES", "locations": "Siple Dome; Antarctica", "north": -81.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Steig, Eric J.; White, James", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.0, "title": "Siple Dome Highlights: Stable isotopes", "uid": "609134", "west": -149.0}, {"awards": "9615554 Fitzpatrick, Joan", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "date_created": "Wed, 14 May 2003 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica.\n\nThis data set comprises low-resolution (72 dpi) jpg images of thin sections from the Siple Dome ice core. The images were acquired during the 1997/1998 field season, from both the SDM-A, or main 13.2-cm, core and from the hot water core recovered by Hermann Englehardt. The data set includes both vertical and horizontal thin sections. With one exception, all images were recorded in cross-polarized light. Two examples of archived high-resolution (275 dpi) images are provided for direct comparison of the low- and high-resolution images.", "east": -149.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core; WAISCORES", "locations": "Siple Dome; Antarctica", "north": -81.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Fitzpatrick, Joan", "project_titles": "Digital Imaging for Ice Core Analysis", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000011", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Digital Imaging for Ice Core Analysis"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.0, "title": "Digital Images of Thin Sections from Siple Dome", "uid": "609127", "west": -149.0}, {"awards": "0338359 Saltzman, Eric", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "date_created": "Wed, 10 Jul 2002 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set is part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet cores (WAISCORES) project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. Siple Dome ice cores were analyzed for methanesulfonate (MSA) and carbonyl sulfide (OCS). The methanesulfonate analysis was done on cores A-E and a hot water core, and the carbonyl sulfide analysis was done on 11 C cores. Methanesulfonate data include the sample identification number, depth, and methanesulfonate parts per billion (ppb) of each sample. Carbonyl sulfide data include the depth, OCS parts per trillion (ppt) of each sample, percent error, and gas age (years). Data are available via FTP in tab-delimited ASCII text (.dat, .txt) file format.", "east": -149.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Methane; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core; WAISCORES", "locations": "Siple Dome; Antarctica", "north": -81.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat", "project_titles": "Methyl chloride and methyl bromide in Antarctic ice cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Methyl chloride and methyl bromide in Antarctic ice cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.0, "title": "Methane and Carbonyl Sulfide Analysis of Siple Dome Ice Core Subsamples", "uid": "609131", "west": -149.0}, {"awards": "9316715 Taylor, Susan", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(0 -90)"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Micrometeorites dated between 1100 A.D. to 1500 A.D. were collected from the bottom of the South Pole Water Well in December 1995. Element analyses of 181 cosmic glass spherule and micrometeorite samples are in ASCII text and Excel spreadsheet format. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of the spherules and micrometeorites are in TIFF format. Data are available via ftp.", "east": 0.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -90)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Cosmos; Geochemistry; Meteorite; Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) Images; South Pole", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Taylor, Susan", "project_titles": "Retrieval and Analysis of Extraterrestrial Particles from the Water Well at the South Pole Station, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000057", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Retrieval and Analysis of Extraterrestrial Particles from the Water Well at the South Pole Station, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Micrometeorites from the South Pole Water Well", "uid": "609113", "west": 0.0}]

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Dataset Title/Abstract/Map	NSF Award(s)	Date Created	PIs / Scientists	Project Links	Abstract	Bounds Geometry	Geometry	Selected	Visible
Hyperspectral reflectance values and biophysicochemical properties of biocrusts and soils in the Fryxell Basin, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	2044924	2024-04-03	Barrett, John	No project link provided	Microbial communities are the primary drivers of carbon cycling in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Dense microbial mats, consisting mainly of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, occupy aquatic areas associated with streams and lakes. Other microbial communities also occur at lower densities as patchy surface biological soil crusts (biocrusts) across the terrestrial landscape. Multispectral satellite data have been used to model microbial mat abundance in high-density areas like stream and lake margins, but no previous studies had investigated the lower detection limits of biocrusts. Here, we describe remote sensing and field-based survey and sampling approaches to study the detectability and distribution of biocrusts in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Using a combination of multi- and hyperspectral tools and spectral linear unmixing, we modeled the abundances of biocrust in eastern Taylor Valley. Our spectral approaches can detect low masses of biocrust material in laboratory microcosms down to biocrust concentrations of 1% by mass. These techniques also distinguish the spectra of biocrust from both surface rock and mineral signatures from orbit. We found that biocrusts are present throughout the soils of eastern Taylor Valley and are associated with diverse underlying soil communities. The densest biocrust communities identified in this study had total organic carbon 5x greater than the content of typical arid soils. The most productive biocrusts were located downslope of melting snowpacks in unique soil ecosystems that are distinct from the surrounding arid landscape. There are similarities between the snowpack and stream sediment communities (high diversity of soil invertebrates) as well as their ecosystem properties (e.g., persistence of liquid water, high transfer of available nutrients, lower salinity from flushing) compared to the typical arid terrestrial ecosystem of the dry valleys. Our approach extends the capability of orbital remote sensing of photosynthetic communities out of the aquatic margins and into the drier soils which comprise most of this landscape. This interdisciplinary work is critical for measuring and monitoring terrestrial carbon stocks and predicting future ecosystem dynamics in this currently water-limited but increasingly dynamic Antarctic landscape, which is particularly climate-sensitive and difficult to access.	["POLYGON((161.70776367188 -77.519802097166,161.899475097661 -77.519802097166,162.091186523442 -77.519802097166,162.282897949223 -77.519802097166,162.474609375004 -77.519802097166,162.666320800785 -77.519802097166,162.858032226566 -77.519802097166,163.049743652347 -77.519802097166,163.241455078128 -77.519802097166,163.433166503909 -77.519802097166,163.62487792969 -77.519802097166,163.62487792969 -77.54867059480199,163.62487792969 -77.57753909243799,163.62487792969 -77.606407590074,163.62487792969 -77.63527608771,163.62487792969 -77.664144585346,163.62487792969 -77.69301308298199,163.62487792969 -77.72188158061799,163.62487792969 -77.750750078254,163.62487792969 -77.77961857589,163.62487792969 -77.808487073526,163.433166503909 -77.808487073526,163.241455078128 -77.808487073526,163.049743652347 -77.808487073526,162.858032226566 -77.808487073526,162.666320800785 -77.808487073526,162.474609375004 -77.808487073526,162.282897949223 -77.808487073526,162.091186523442 -77.808487073526,161.899475097661 -77.808487073526,161.70776367188 -77.808487073526,161.70776367188 -77.77961857589,161.70776367188 -77.750750078254,161.70776367188 -77.72188158061799,161.70776367188 -77.69301308298199,161.70776367188 -77.664144585346,161.70776367188 -77.63527608771,161.70776367188 -77.606407590074,161.70776367188 -77.57753909243799,161.70776367188 -77.54867059480199,161.70776367188 -77.519802097166))"]	["POINT(162.666320800785 -77.664144585346)"]	false	false
CATS2008_v2023: Circum-Antarctic Tidal Simulation 2008, version 2023	1443677 9896041	2024-03-27	Howard, Susan L.; Greene, Chad A.; Padman, Laurence; Erofeeva, Svetlana; Sutterley, Tyler	Ocean Tides around Antarctica and in the Southern Ocean Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE)	CATS2008_v2023 is an update of the original CATS2008 tide model (Howard et al., 2019 [https://doi.org/10.15784/601235]; Padman et al., 2002 [https://doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817752]). It introduces a new model file format, increased resolution, more accurate coastlines, and a simple scaling for ice shelf flexure near grounding lines. The changes included in the new CATS2008_v2023 model are: (1) The CATS2008 model has been interpolated to a finer grid (2 km for CATS2008_v2023 vs 4 km for CATS2008) to provide a better representation of coastlines and ice shelf grounding lines. (2) Coastlines have been adjusted to match BedMachine Antarctica v3 (Morlighem et al., 2020 [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0510-8]; Morlighem, 2022 [https://doi.org/10.5067/FPSU0V1MWUB6]). Areas that were previously grounded and had no tidal constituent data in CATS2008 have been filled using MATLAB's ‘regionfill’ function, applied to the real and imaginary components of tidal constituents individually. An ocean mask matching BedMachine Antarctica v3 is provided in the model file to mask out grounded areas. (3) Water depth (water column thickness under ice shelves) has been adjusted to match BedMachine Antarctica v3. (4) An ice shelf flexure model has been included for estimating tidal deflections in grounding zones. Flexure is approximated by a forward 1D linear elastic model applied to BedMachine Antarctica v3 ice geometry, with elastic modulus E=4.8 GPa and Poisson's ratio nu=0.4. The ice flexure can be included as an option when using TMD3.0 (Greene et al., 2024 [https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.06018]) and pyTMD (Sutterley, 2024 [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10501349]) software packages. (5) The model is provided as a consolidated NetCDF file that can be used with TMD3.0 and pyTMD, but not with earlier TMD versions.	["POLYGON((-180 -40.231,-144 -40.231,-108 -40.231,-72 -40.231,-36 -40.231,0 -40.231,36 -40.231,72 -40.231,108 -40.231,144 -40.231,180 -40.231,180 -45.2079,180 -50.1848,180 -55.161699999999996,180 -60.1386,180 -65.1155,180 -70.0924,180 -75.0693,180 -80.0462,180 -85.0231,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -85.0231,-180 -80.0462,-180 -75.0693,-180 -70.0924,-180 -65.1155,-180 -60.138600000000004,-180 -55.1617,-180 -50.1848,-180 -45.2079,-180 -40.231))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Dataset for: Banwell et al. 2024, 'Observed meltwater-induced flexure and fracture at a doline on George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctica', Journal of Glaciology.	1841467 1841607	2024-03-20	Banwell, Alison; Willis, Ian; Stevens, Laura; Dell, Rebecca; MacAyeal, Douglas	NSFGEO-NERC: Ice-shelf Instability Caused by Active Surface Meltwater Production, Movement, Ponding and Hydrofracture	This dataset contains all of the field data (GNSS, weather station data, timelapse camera images) used in the publication 'Banwell et al., 2024', which documents observations of surface meltwater-induced flexure and fracture at a doline on north George VI Ice Shelf, Antarctic Peninsula.	["POLYGON((-68.28 -71.1,-68.202 -71.1,-68.124 -71.1,-68.046 -71.1,-67.968 -71.1,-67.89 -71.1,-67.812 -71.1,-67.734 -71.1,-67.656 -71.1,-67.578 -71.1,-67.5 -71.1,-67.5 -71.14999999999999,-67.5 -71.19999999999999,-67.5 -71.25,-67.5 -71.3,-67.5 -71.35,-67.5 -71.39999999999999,-67.5 -71.44999999999999,-67.5 -71.5,-67.5 -71.55,-67.5 -71.6,-67.578 -71.6,-67.656 -71.6,-67.734 -71.6,-67.812 -71.6,-67.89 -71.6,-67.968 -71.6,-68.046 -71.6,-68.124 -71.6,-68.202 -71.6,-68.28 -71.6,-68.28 -71.55,-68.28 -71.5,-68.28 -71.44999999999999,-68.28 -71.39999999999999,-68.28 -71.35,-68.28 -71.3,-68.28 -71.25,-68.28 -71.19999999999999,-68.28 -71.14999999999999,-68.28 -71.1))"]	["POINT(-67.89 -71.35)"]	false	false
Nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen isotopes in the shell of the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki as a proxy for sea ice cover in Antarctica.	1745057 1745064 1745080 0739512	2024-02-05	Gillikin, David; Puhalski, Emma; Camarra, Steve; Cronin, Kelly; Verheyden, Anouk; Walker, Sally	Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past Collaborative Research: Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores	Adamussium colbecki is a large thin-shelled scallop common in Antarctic waters and well represented in the fossil record. Shell nitrogen isotopes in carbonate bound organic matter (d15NCBOM) have the potential to record sea ice state over time. Recent studies illustrated that d15NCBOM values provide a similar proxy as soft tissue d15N values which are in turn are predicably related to food d15N values (Gillikin et al., 2017, GCA, 200, 55–66, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2016.12.008). Sea-ice organic N should have higher d15N values compared to open water organics due to nitrate draw down in the ice (Fripiat et al., 2014, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 28, 115–130, doi:10.1002/2013GB004729). To test this hypothesis we analyzed A. colbecki shells from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails, western McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. These sites have different sea ice states: persistent (multiannual) sea ice at Explorers Cove and annual sea ice (that melts out every year) at Bay of Sails. Six adults shells collected at these sites in 2008 (3 from each site) and two juveniles collected in 2016 from Explorers Cove were be serially sampled for d15NCBOM values from the growing shell margin to the umbo. d15NCBOM values from Explorers Cove with persistent sea ice cover were consistently higher (+10 ± 0.7 ‰) than those from Bay of Sails where the sea ice melts out every year (+8 ± 0.5 ‰; t-test p<0.0001). d15NCBOM data from Mid- to Late Holocene shells that grew in these locations will also be presented. We posit that nitrogen isotopes in A. colbecki shells have a high potential to record sea ice cover.	[]	[]	false	false
Visual, thermal, chemical, and stable isotope effects of near-infrared laser cutting on freezer ice	2032463 2032473	2023-11-30	Mah, Merlin; Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Talghader, Joseph	Collaborative Research: Laser Cutting Technology for Borehole Sampling	This dataset includes visible-light and thermal imaging video of tap-water ice being cut with millisecond-range pulses of 1070 nm laser light, as well as stable isotope and chemical (commonly-used ion species) composition data of ice samples frozen from Fiji bottled water and South Pole 1980 meltwater.	[]	[]	false	false
Ocean CFC reconstructed data product	2023303	2023-10-31	Cimoli, Laura; Purkey, Sarah; Gebbie, Jack	Collaborative Research: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current: A Conduit or Blender of Antarctic Bottom Waters?	A global CFC Data product is derived used the Time-Corrected Method (TCM) in order to estimate CFCs and SF6 ocean concentration back to 1940. The Green's functions (GFs), describing the steady-state transport from the surface to the ocean interior, is solved, constrained by observations. From the GFs, we reconstruct global tracer concentrations (and associated uncertainties) in the ocean interior at annual resolution (1940–2021). The spatial resolution includes 50 neutral density levels that span the water column along World Ocean Circulation Experiment/Global Ocean Ship-Based Hydrographic Investigations Program lines.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of ice from ALHIC1903 drilled at the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area.	2035580	2023-10-26	Carter, Austin	Collaborative Research: Peripheral East Antarctic ice as a unique recorder of climate variability during the Last Interglacial	This dataset contains oxygen and hydrogen isotope compositions of ice from ALHIC1903 spanning the transition from MIS 6 through 5e.	["POINT(159.31 -76.7)"]	["POINT(159.31 -76.7)"]	false	false
Direct observations of melting, freezing, and ocean circulation in an ice shelf basal crevasse	None	2023-09-12	Washam, Peter	No project link provided	Contained in this folder are the raw and processed data files for data collected with the underwater robot Icefin in the ocean cavity beneath Ross Ice Shelf, near the grounding line of Kamb Ice Stream. Most of these data are located within a basal crevasse. They were collected in December 2019 as part of the Aotearoa New Zealand Antarctic Science Platform and Victoria University of Wellington Hot Water Drilling initiative, and the NASA RISEUP grant (NNX16AL07G, PI B. E. Schmidt). The code that converted raw data files to processed can be found at https://zenodo.org/record/8338529. Direct questions to Peter Washam at pwasham@cornell.edu.	["POLYGON((-156 -82.5,-155.9 -82.5,-155.8 -82.5,-155.7 -82.5,-155.6 -82.5,-155.5 -82.5,-155.4 -82.5,-155.3 -82.5,-155.2 -82.5,-155.1 -82.5,-155 -82.5,-155 -82.53,-155 -82.56,-155 -82.59,-155 -82.62,-155 -82.65,-155 -82.67999999999999,-155 -82.71,-155 -82.74,-155 -82.77,-155 -82.8,-155.1 -82.8,-155.2 -82.8,-155.3 -82.8,-155.4 -82.8,-155.5 -82.8,-155.6 -82.8,-155.7 -82.8,-155.8 -82.8,-155.9 -82.8,-156 -82.8,-156 -82.77,-156 -82.74,-156 -82.71,-156 -82.67999999999999,-156 -82.65,-156 -82.62,-156 -82.59,-156 -82.56,-156 -82.53,-156 -82.5))"]	["POINT(-155.5 -82.65)"]	false	false
Simulations of ice-shelf rifting on Larsen C Ice Shelf	2139002	2023-08-24	Huth, Alexander	OPP-PRF Calving, Icebergs, and Climate	This dataset contains a model (Elmer/Ice Fortran modules) to simulate rifting on ice shelves. The model combines the vertically integrated momentum balance and anisotropic continuum damage mechanics formulations. Additionally, it accounts for rift-flank boundary processes, including pressure on rift-flank walls from seawater, contact between flanks, and ice mélange that may also transmit stress between flanks. This dataset also contains the input data (Elmer restart files), input files (Elmer .sifs), and Slurm batch scripts to run five experiments. All experiments aim to simulate the final two years of rift propagation that led to the calving of tabular iceberg A68 from Larsen C ice shelf in 2017. However, each experiment differs in its treatment of rift-flank boundary processes, which affects the rift path. For more information, see the associated publication (Huth et al., 2023).	["POLYGON((-67 -66,-66.3 -66,-65.6 -66,-64.9 -66,-64.2 -66,-63.5 -66,-62.8 -66,-62.1 -66,-61.4 -66,-60.7 -66,-60 -66,-60 -66.4,-60 -66.8,-60 -67.2,-60 -67.6,-60 -68,-60 -68.4,-60 -68.8,-60 -69.2,-60 -69.6,-60 -70,-60.7 -70,-61.4 -70,-62.1 -70,-62.8 -70,-63.5 -70,-64.2 -70,-64.9 -70,-65.6 -70,-66.3 -70,-67 -70,-67 -69.6,-67 -69.2,-67 -68.8,-67 -68.4,-67 -68,-67 -67.6,-67 -67.2,-67 -66.8,-67 -66.4,-67 -66))"]	["POINT(-63.5 -68)"]	false	false
Abaqus user-defined elements subroutine for cohesive zone model of hydrofracturing of surface crevasses in ice shelves	1847173	2023-07-04	Gao, Yuxiang; Ghosh, Gourab; Jimenez, Stephen; Duddu, Ravindra	No project link provided	This dataset contains the ABAQUS input files for simulating floating ice shelves with constant density assuming linear elastic rheology or elasto-visco-plastic rheology and ABAQUS user-defined elements subroutine for water-filled cohesive zone elements.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Surface Water Geochemistry from the McMurdo Dry Valleys	1847067	2023-06-26	Levy, Joseph	Linking Antarctic Cold Desert Groundwater to Thermokarst & Chemical Weathering in Partnership with the Geoscience UAV Academy	This dataset contains major ion data for surface and near-surface waters from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, determined through ion chromatography. Water types include snow and ice melt sources, streams and rivers, water track groundwater, pond water, and lake water.	["POLYGON((161 -76,161.34 -76,161.68 -76,162.02 -76,162.36 -76,162.7 -76,163.04 -76,163.38 -76,163.72 -76,164.06 -76,164.4 -76,164.4 -76.2,164.4 -76.4,164.4 -76.6,164.4 -76.8,164.4 -77,164.4 -77.2,164.4 -77.4,164.4 -77.6,164.4 -77.8,164.4 -78,164.06 -78,163.72 -78,163.38 -78,163.04 -78,162.7 -78,162.36 -78,162.02 -78,161.68 -78,161.34 -78,161 -78,161 -77.8,161 -77.6,161 -77.4,161 -77.2,161 -77,161 -76.8,161 -76.6,161 -76.4,161 -76.2,161 -76))"]	["POINT(162.7 -77)"]	false	false
2023 daily seawater carbonate chemistry	1848887	2023-06-22	Amsler, Charles	Assemblage-wide effects of ocean acidification and ocean warming on ecologically important macroalgal-associated crustaceans in Antarctica		["POLYGON((-64.06 -64.76,-64.058 -64.76,-64.056 -64.76,-64.054 -64.76,-64.052 -64.76,-64.05000000000001 -64.76,-64.048 -64.76,-64.046 -64.76,-64.04400000000001 -64.76,-64.042 -64.76,-64.04 -64.76,-64.04 -64.76100000000001,-64.04 -64.762,-64.04 -64.763,-64.04 -64.764,-64.04 -64.765,-64.04 -64.766,-64.04 -64.767,-64.04 -64.768,-64.04 -64.76899999999999,-64.04 -64.77,-64.042 -64.77,-64.04400000000001 -64.77,-64.046 -64.77,-64.048 -64.77,-64.05000000000001 -64.77,-64.052 -64.77,-64.054 -64.77,-64.056 -64.77,-64.058 -64.77,-64.06 -64.77,-64.06 -64.76899999999999,-64.06 -64.768,-64.06 -64.767,-64.06 -64.766,-64.06 -64.765,-64.06 -64.764,-64.06 -64.763,-64.06 -64.762,-64.06 -64.76100000000001,-64.06 -64.76))"]	["POINT(-64.05000000000001 -64.765)"]	false	false
2020 daily seawater carbonate chemistry	1848887	2023-06-22	Amsler, Charles	Assemblage-wide effects of ocean acidification and ocean warming on ecologically important macroalgal-associated crustaceans in Antarctica	Results of daily monitoring of carbonate chemistry parameters in experimental containers (buckets).	["POLYGON((-64.06 -64.76,-64.058 -64.76,-64.056 -64.76,-64.054 -64.76,-64.052 -64.76,-64.05000000000001 -64.76,-64.048 -64.76,-64.046 -64.76,-64.04400000000001 -64.76,-64.042 -64.76,-64.04 -64.76,-64.04 -64.76100000000001,-64.04 -64.762,-64.04 -64.763,-64.04 -64.764,-64.04 -64.765,-64.04 -64.766,-64.04 -64.767,-64.04 -64.768,-64.04 -64.76899999999999,-64.04 -64.77,-64.042 -64.77,-64.04400000000001 -64.77,-64.046 -64.77,-64.048 -64.77,-64.05000000000001 -64.77,-64.052 -64.77,-64.054 -64.77,-64.056 -64.77,-64.058 -64.77,-64.06 -64.77,-64.06 -64.76899999999999,-64.06 -64.768,-64.06 -64.767,-64.06 -64.766,-64.06 -64.765,-64.06 -64.764,-64.06 -64.763,-64.06 -64.762,-64.06 -64.76100000000001,-64.06 -64.76))"]	["POINT(-64.05000000000001 -64.765)"]	false	false
Biogeochemical measurements of water tracks and adjacent dry soils from the McMurdo Dry Valleys	1847067	2023-05-01	Levy, Joseph	Linking Antarctic Cold Desert Groundwater to Thermokarst & Chemical Weathering in Partnership with the Geoscience UAV Academy	This dataset contains soil properties data from the McMurdo Dry Valleys, focused on the properties of water tracks and adjacent dry soils. The dataset is surface and near-surface soil sample data, including sample location, water content by weight, organic matter content by weight, soluble salt extract composition by ion, and cation exchange extract concentrations from the soils.	["POLYGON((160.6263 -77.575,160.91780999999997 -77.575,161.20932 -77.575,161.50083 -77.575,161.79234 -77.575,162.08384999999998 -77.575,162.37536 -77.575,162.66687000000002 -77.575,162.95838 -77.575,163.24989 -77.575,163.5414 -77.575,163.5414 -77.6003,163.5414 -77.6256,163.5414 -77.65090000000001,163.5414 -77.67620000000001,163.5414 -77.70150000000001,163.5414 -77.7268,163.5414 -77.7521,163.5414 -77.7774,163.5414 -77.8027,163.5414 -77.828,163.24989 -77.828,162.95838 -77.828,162.66687000000002 -77.828,162.37536 -77.828,162.08384999999998 -77.828,161.79234 -77.828,161.50083 -77.828,161.20932 -77.828,160.91780999999997 -77.828,160.6263 -77.828,160.6263 -77.8027,160.6263 -77.7774,160.6263 -77.7521,160.6263 -77.7268,160.6263 -77.70150000000001,160.6263 -77.67620000000001,160.6263 -77.65090000000001,160.6263 -77.6256,160.6263 -77.6003,160.6263 -77.575))"]	["POINT(162.08384999999998 -77.70150000000001)"]	false	false
Remotely-sensed iceberg geometries and meltwater fluxes	1643455 1933764	2023-04-06	Enderlin, Ellyn; Dickson, Adam; Miller, Emily; Dryak, Mariama; Oliver, Caitlin; Aberle, Rainey	Antarctic Submarine Melt Variability from Remote Sensing of Icebergs	This dataset includes manually-extracted iceberg geometries and meltwater fluxes from 2011-2022 WorldView digital elevation model time series for 15 study sites around Antarctica. Each file contains the coordinates, median surface elevation, density, volume, surface area, draft, and submerged area estimated for an iceberg on two different observation dates (specified in the file name). The submarine meltwater flux for each iceberg, calculated as the volume change over time corrected for surface mass balance processes and creep thinning between observation dates, is provided for each iceberg. Dates listed in file names are in YYYYMMDDhhmmss format. Site abbreviations in file names are as follows: BG = Blanchard Glacier, CG = Cadman Glacier, FG = Ferrigno Glacier, FI = Filchner Ice Shelf, HG = Heim Glacier, LA = Edgeworth Glacier (Larsen A tributary), LB = Cadman Glacier (Larsen B tributary), LG = Leonardo Glacier, MI = Mertz Ice Tongue, PT = Polar Times, RI = Ronne Ice Shelf, SG = Seller Glacier, TG = Thwaites Glacier, TI = Totten Ice Shelf, and WG = Widdowson Glacier.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Mercer Subglacial Lake radiocarbon and stable isotope data	1543347	2023-03-13	Venturelli, Ryan; Rosenheim, Brad	Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments	This dataset includes radiocarbon (¹⁴C) and stable carbon isotope (δ¹³C) data for a sediment core from Mercer Subglacial Lake. In addition, this dataset includes ¹⁴C and δ¹³C for dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, and particulate organic carbon from the Mercer Subglacial Lake water column.	["POINT(-149.59134 -84.640287)"]	["POINT(-149.59134 -84.640287)"]	false	false
Sediment porewater properties data from Mercer Subglacial Lake	1543537	2023-02-03	Dore, John; Michaud, Alexander; Skidmore, Mark; Tranter, Martyn; Steigmeyer, August; Science Team, SALSA	Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments	This dataset contains measurements of sediment porewater properties from cores collected from Mercer Subglacial Lake by the SALSA project. Included are: specific conductance; water stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O); dissolved gases (methane and its stable isotopes δ13C and δ2H, ethylene, and ethane); and major anions and cations.	["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"]	["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"]	false	false
Water column biogeochemical data from Mercer Subglacial Lake	1543537	2023-02-01	Dore, John; Skidmore, Mark; Hawkings, Jon; Steigmeyer, August; Li, Wei; Barker, Joel; Tranter, Martyn; Priscu, John; Science Team, SALSA	Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments	This dataset contains water column biogeochemical properties measured on discrete samples collected from Mercer Subglacial Lake by the SALSA project. Data included are: specific conductance; carbonic acid system parameters (total alkalinity, total inorganic carbon, and pH); water stable isotopes (δ2H and δ18O); dissolved gases (oxygen, methane, nitrous oxide, and hydrogen); dissolved nutrients (ammonium, nitrite and phosphate), major anions (including nitrate) and cations; size-fractionated colloidal and dissolved trace elements); dissolved organic carbon; and microbial cell and virus-like particle counts.	["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"]	["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"]	false	false
Discrete bulk sediment properties data from Mercer Subglacial Lake	1543537	2023-02-01	Dore, John; Campbell, Timothy; Michaud, Alexander; Hawkings, Jon; Skidmore, Mark; Tranter, Martyn; Venturelli, Ryan A; Science Team, SALSA	Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments	This dataset contains bulk sediment properties measurements from cores collected from Mercer Subglacial Lake by the SALSA project. Included are: physical properties (bulk density, mass water content, porosity, shear strength, particle size distribution, and mineralogy); carbon (inorganic and organic); iron (ascorbate- and dithionite-extractable); and sulfur (acid-volatile and chromium-reducible).	["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"]	["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"]	false	false
CTD data from Mercer Subglacial Lake and access borehole	1543537	2023-01-17	Dore, John; Priscu, John; Leventer, Amy; Rosenheim, Brad	Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments	This dataset includes binned conductivity, temperature and pressure measurements from Mercer Subglacial Lake and the borehole drilled to access the lake by the SALSA project, as well as additional physical parameters derived from these measurements using the TEOS-10 equation of state.	["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"]	["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"]	false	false
Landsat Sea Ice/Cloud classifications surrounding project study sites	1744584	2023-01-11	Klein, Andrew	Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity	This dataset a CSV file containing the percentages of water (non-land) pixels within various sized buffers (100, 300, 3,000 and 10,000 m radii) buffers around fifteen sampling sites that were classified as being either Sea Ice or Cloud in the Antarctic Landsat Views collection housed within Esri’s curated Living Atlas of the world which is a collection of ready-to-use global geographic content. The encompass a portion of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. This dataset was developed in support of projects ANT-1744550, -744570, -1744584, and -1744602.	["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"]	["POINT(-65 -65)"]	false	false
Biogenic Sulfur Samples from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and Associated Incubation Experiments	1543450	2023-01-03	Countway, Peter; Matrai, Patricia	Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean	Biogenic sulfur samples were collected from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and from associated incubation experiments with Station E water. Samples were analyzed for Dimethyl Sulfide (DMS), particulate Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPp), dissolved Dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSPd), particulate Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSOp), dissolved Dimethylsulfoxide (DMSOd) and DMSP lyase activity. All analyses were performed at Palmer Station during scientific deployments. An overview of the methods used for these analyses is included in a secondary tab with the uploaded data.	["POLYGON((-66 -63,-65.7 -63,-65.4 -63,-65.1 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.5 -63,-64.2 -63,-63.9 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.3 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.3,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.9,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.8,-63 -65.1,-63 -65.4,-63 -65.7,-63 -66,-63.3 -66,-63.6 -66,-63.9 -66,-64.2 -66,-64.5 -66,-64.8 -66,-65.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-65.7 -66,-66 -66,-66 -65.7,-66 -65.4,-66 -65.1,-66 -64.8,-66 -64.5,-66 -64.2,-66 -63.9,-66 -63.6,-66 -63.3,-66 -63))"]	["POINT(-64.5 -64.5)"]	false	false
Dissolved Inorganic Nutrient Samples from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and Associated Incubation Experiments	1543450	2023-01-03	Countway, Peter; Matrai, Patricia	Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean	Dissolved inorganic nutrient samples were collected from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and associated incubation experiments with Station E water. Samples were analyzed for Nitrate plus Nitrite, Nitrite, Ammonium, Phosphate and Silicate. All nutrient analyses were performed at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences. An overview of the analytical methods used for these analyses is included in a secondary tab with the uploaded data.	["POLYGON((-66 -63,-65.7 -63,-65.4 -63,-65.1 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.5 -63,-64.2 -63,-63.9 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.3 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.3,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.9,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.8,-63 -65.1,-63 -65.4,-63 -65.7,-63 -66,-63.3 -66,-63.6 -66,-63.9 -66,-64.2 -66,-64.5 -66,-64.8 -66,-65.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-65.7 -66,-66 -66,-66 -65.7,-66 -65.4,-66 -65.1,-66 -64.8,-66 -64.5,-66 -64.2,-66 -63.9,-66 -63.6,-66 -63.3,-66 -63))"]	["POINT(-64.5 -64.5)"]	false	false
Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN) Samples from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and Associated Incubation Experiments	1543450	2023-01-03	Countway, Peter; Matrai, Patricia	Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean	Dissolved Organic Carbon (DOC) and Total Dissolved Nitrogen (TDN) samples were collected from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and associated incubation experiments with Station E water. Samples were analyzed for DOC and TDN using a Shimadzu TOC-L system equipped with TNM-L for N detection. All analyses were performed in the Hansell Lab at the University of Miami, FL (USA). References for the analytical methods used for these analyses are included in a secondary tab with the uploaded data.	["POLYGON((-66 -63,-65.7 -63,-65.4 -63,-65.1 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.5 -63,-64.2 -63,-63.9 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.3 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.3,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.9,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.8,-63 -65.1,-63 -65.4,-63 -65.7,-63 -66,-63.3 -66,-63.6 -66,-63.9 -66,-64.2 -66,-64.5 -66,-64.8 -66,-65.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-65.7 -66,-66 -66,-66 -65.7,-66 -65.4,-66 -65.1,-66 -64.8,-66 -64.5,-66 -64.2,-66 -63.9,-66 -63.6,-66 -63.3,-66 -63))"]	["POINT(-64.5 -64.5)"]	false	false
Flow Cytometry Samples from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and Associated Incubation Experiments	1543450	2023-01-03	Countway, Peter; Matrai, Patricia	Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean	Flow cytometry samples were collected from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and associated incubation experiments with Station E water. Samples were analyzed for Phytoplankton (<20 um), Cryptophytes (<20 um), Heterotrophic Nanoflagellates (<20 um) and Total Bacteria. All flow cytometric analyses were performed at Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences. An overview of the analytical methods used for these samples is included in a secondary tab with the uploaded data.	["POLYGON((-66 -63,-65.7 -63,-65.4 -63,-65.1 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.5 -63,-64.2 -63,-63.9 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.3 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.3,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.9,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.8,-63 -65.1,-63 -65.4,-63 -65.7,-63 -66,-63.3 -66,-63.6 -66,-63.9 -66,-64.2 -66,-64.5 -66,-64.8 -66,-65.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-65.7 -66,-66 -66,-66 -65.7,-66 -65.4,-66 -65.1,-66 -64.8,-66 -64.5,-66 -64.2,-66 -63.9,-66 -63.6,-66 -63.3,-66 -63))"]	["POINT(-64.5 -64.5)"]	false	false
Heterotrophic Bacterial Production Samples from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and Associated Incubation Experiments	1543450	2023-01-03	Countway, Peter; Matrai, Patricia	Microbial Community Structure and Expression of Functional Genes Involved in the Seasonal Cycling of DMSP in the Southern Ocean	Rates of heterotrophic bacterial production (BP) via 3H-Leu uptake were estimated for samples collected from Station E (Palmer Station, Antarctica) and associated incubation experiments. Rates of BP in seawater incubations greatly exceeded BP rates in the environment, likely due to stimulation of phytoplankton blooms and addition of DMSP in experimental treatments. Methods for determining BP were identical to those used by Palmer LTER investigators. References for the analytical methods used for these analyses are included in a secondary tab with the uploaded data.	["POLYGON((-66 -63,-65.7 -63,-65.4 -63,-65.1 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.5 -63,-64.2 -63,-63.9 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.3 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.3,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.9,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.8,-63 -65.1,-63 -65.4,-63 -65.7,-63 -66,-63.3 -66,-63.6 -66,-63.9 -66,-64.2 -66,-64.5 -66,-64.8 -66,-65.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-65.7 -66,-66 -66,-66 -65.7,-66 -65.4,-66 -65.1,-66 -64.8,-66 -64.5,-66 -64.2,-66 -63.9,-66 -63.6,-66 -63.3,-66 -63))"]	["POINT(-64.5 -64.5)"]	false	false
Computed fetch for project study sites	1744584	2022-12-29	Klein, Andrew	Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity	This csv dataset includes the fetch distances for the 15 study sites visited by projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602 during ARSV Laurence M. Gould cruise LMG 19-04 in April and May 2019. The fetch distances were computed for each of the following eight cardinal directions (0°,45°,90°,135°,180°,225°,270°,315°). The fetches are all reported in meters (m). Fetch was determined by computing the distance along each of the eight directions to the nearest shoreline based on a 100 m resolution land/water grid. The grid was constructed using a vector-to-raster conversion of the Scientific Council of Antarctic Research (SCAR) Antarctic Digital Database’s High resolution vector polylines of the Antarctic coastline. The fetch computations utilized an ArcGIS toolbox based on code by Finlayson (2006) that computes fetch using the recommended procedures from the US Army Corp of Engineers Shore Protection Manual (USACE, 1984). Finlayson, D.P. 2006. The geomorphology of Puget Sound beaches. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Washington, Seattle. 216 p. Gerrish, L., Fretwell, P., & Cooper, P. (2021). High resolution vector polylines of the Antarctic coastline (7.4) [Data set]. UK Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation. https://doi.org/10.5285/e46be5bc-ef8e-4fd5-967b-92863fbe2835'. USACE, 1984. Shore Protection Manual, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia.	["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"]	["POINT(-65 -65)"]	false	false
KIS-1 ROV Icefin Missions	NNX16AL07G	2022-12-14	Lawrence, Justin; Schmidt, Britney	No project link provided	This work was primarily funded by the NASA-funded RISE-UP: Ross Ice Shelf & Europa Underwater Probe (PI Britney E. Schmidt) project. Field work at the KIS-1 site during the 2019-2020 season was completed through international collaboration between NASA, NSF/USAP, and Antarctica New Zealand, funded by the Aotearoa New Zealand Antarctic Science Platform (ANTA1801) Antarctic Ice Dynamics Project (ASP02101), and the NZARI-funded Aotearoa New Zealand Ross Ice Shelf Programme, “Vulnerability of the Ross Ice Shelf in a Warming World” (grant no. 2014-11). The data contained in this directory are merged and calibrated data files from three missions conducted with ROV Icefin through a borehole drilled through Ross Ice Shelf at KIS1 (-82.78410, -155.26267), near the Kamb Ice Stream grounding zone. Missions were conducted in 2019 on December 16th, 18th, and 21st (UTC). For questions or assistance working with the data please contact Britney Schmidt (britneys@cornell.edu) and Justin Lawrence (jdl287@cornell.edu).	["POLYGON((-155.3 -82.75,-155.27 -82.75,-155.24 -82.75,-155.21 -82.75,-155.18 -82.75,-155.15 -82.75,-155.12 -82.75,-155.09 -82.75,-155.06 -82.75,-155.03 -82.75,-155 -82.75,-155 -82.76,-155 -82.77,-155 -82.78,-155 -82.78999999999999,-155 -82.8,-155 -82.81,-155 -82.82,-155 -82.83,-155 -82.83999999999999,-155 -82.85,-155.03 -82.85,-155.06 -82.85,-155.09 -82.85,-155.12 -82.85,-155.15 -82.85,-155.18 -82.85,-155.21 -82.85,-155.24 -82.85,-155.27 -82.85,-155.3 -82.85,-155.3 -82.83999999999999,-155.3 -82.83,-155.3 -82.82,-155.3 -82.81,-155.3 -82.8,-155.3 -82.78999999999999,-155.3 -82.78,-155.3 -82.77,-155.3 -82.76,-155.3 -82.75))"]	["POINT(-155.15 -82.8)"]	false	false
Monthly Stratification Climatology (1978-2021) in Antarctic Coastal Polynyas	1643735 2021245	2022-12-12	Li, Yun; Shunk, Nathan; Zhang, Weifeng	Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability	Coastal Antarctic polynyas are regions with concentrated phytoplankton blooms, and therefore have important implications for marine ecosystems and the associated carbon cycles. Seasonal water-column stratification, regulated by sea ice, can modulate the exposure of phytoplankton to light and nutrients, and is one of the most important factors that control the duration and strength of algal blooms. Polynyas differ greatly in their stratification, thus are not equally productive in terms of phytoplankton biomass, nor equally vulnerable to the changes in regional climate. To date, most studies have been focusing on individual polynyas, yet a systematic assessment of stratification patterns across polynyas is still lacking. Therefore, we examined the spatial and seasonal variability of stratification in circum-Antarctic coastal polynyas. Using >105 in situ hydrographic casts combined from the World Ocean Database (1970-2021) and the Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole Consortium Database (2004-2017), we constructed stratification seasonal climatology using 0-100 m Simpson Energy. Our results showed that stratification magnitude varies by a factor of 6 and its onset time displays 1-2 months difference across all the polynyas. In the presence of warmer water at depths, polynyas tend to develop stronger stratification than others. The spatial variations of stratification are negatively related to sea ice retreat rate and polynya size, indicative of distinct dynamics resulted from the interaction of sea ice melting, advection and water-column mixing.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -61.8,180 -63.6,180 -65.4,180 -67.2,180 -69,180 -70.8,180 -72.6,180 -74.4,180 -76.2,180 -78,144 -78,108 -78,72 -78,36 -78,0 -78,-36 -78,-72 -78,-108 -78,-144 -78,-180 -78,-180 -76.2,-180 -74.4,-180 -72.6,-180 -70.8,-180 -69,-180 -67.2,-180 -65.4,-180 -63.6,-180 -61.8,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Profile CTD Data During Installation of AMIGOS-III Cavity and Channel On-Ice Moorings	1738913	2022-12-01	SCAMBOS, Ted	NSF-NERC The Future of Thwaites Glacier and its Contribution to Sea-level Rise Science Coordination Office	CTD data (date-time, device ID, conductivity, raw temperature, pressure, and salinity) for four CTD units recorded as they were lowered through the ice-shelf boreholes at the two sites and into the underlying ocean during installation. Cavity AMIGOS-III station CTDs were installed on 30-31 December 2019 (earlier data are from a salt-water tank in McMurdo); Channel AMIGOS-III CTDs were installed on 12 January 2020.	["POLYGON((-105.6 -75.05,-105.58 -75.05,-105.56 -75.05,-105.53999999999999 -75.05,-105.52 -75.05,-105.5 -75.05,-105.48 -75.05,-105.46000000000001 -75.05,-105.44 -75.05,-105.42 -75.05,-105.4 -75.05,-105.4 -75.05499999999999,-105.4 -75.06,-105.4 -75.065,-105.4 -75.07,-105.4 -75.07499999999999,-105.4 -75.08,-105.4 -75.085,-105.4 -75.08999999999999,-105.4 -75.095,-105.4 -75.1,-105.42 -75.1,-105.44 -75.1,-105.46000000000001 -75.1,-105.48 -75.1,-105.5 -75.1,-105.52 -75.1,-105.53999999999999 -75.1,-105.56 -75.1,-105.58 -75.1,-105.6 -75.1,-105.6 -75.095,-105.6 -75.08999999999999,-105.6 -75.085,-105.6 -75.08,-105.6 -75.07499999999999,-105.6 -75.07,-105.6 -75.065,-105.6 -75.06,-105.6 -75.05499999999999,-105.6 -75.05))"]	["POINT(-105.5 -75.07499999999999)"]	false	false
Plocamium reproductive system data and R code	1341333 1341339	2022-11-22	Amsler, Charles	Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing	Data and R code from Sabrina Heiser's study of the reproductive system of Plocamium sp. in the Palmer Station region.	["POLYGON((-64.36222 -64.72805,-64.325105 -64.72805,-64.28799 -64.72805,-64.250875 -64.72805,-64.21376 -64.72805,-64.176645 -64.72805,-64.13953 -64.72805,-64.102415 -64.72805,-64.0653 -64.72805,-64.028185 -64.72805,-63.99107 -64.72805,-63.99107 -64.74691299999999,-63.99107 -64.765776,-63.99107 -64.784639,-63.99107 -64.803502,-63.99107 -64.82236499999999,-63.99107 -64.841228,-63.99107 -64.860091,-63.99107 -64.878954,-63.99107 -64.897817,-63.99107 -64.91668,-64.028185 -64.91668,-64.0653 -64.91668,-64.102415 -64.91668,-64.13953 -64.91668,-64.176645 -64.91668,-64.21376 -64.91668,-64.250875 -64.91668,-64.28799 -64.91668,-64.325105 -64.91668,-64.36222 -64.91668,-64.36222 -64.897817,-64.36222 -64.878954,-64.36222 -64.860091,-64.36222 -64.841228,-64.36222 -64.82236499999999,-64.36222 -64.803502,-64.36222 -64.784639,-64.36222 -64.765776,-64.36222 -64.74691299999999,-64.36222 -64.72805))"]	["POINT(-64.176645 -64.82236499999999)"]	false	false
Plocamium transect and transplant data	1341339 1341333	2022-11-22	Amsler, Charles	Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing	Data from Sabrina Heiser's study of Plocamium sp. benthic transect and transplant studies.	["POLYGON((-64.3622 -64.72805,-64.325087 -64.72805,-64.287974 -64.72805,-64.250861 -64.72805,-64.213748 -64.72805,-64.176635 -64.72805,-64.139522 -64.72805,-64.102409 -64.72805,-64.065296 -64.72805,-64.028183 -64.72805,-63.99107 -64.72805,-63.99107 -64.74691299999999,-63.99107 -64.765776,-63.99107 -64.784639,-63.99107 -64.803502,-63.99107 -64.82236499999999,-63.99107 -64.841228,-63.99107 -64.860091,-63.99107 -64.878954,-63.99107 -64.897817,-63.99107 -64.91668,-64.028183 -64.91668,-64.065296 -64.91668,-64.102409 -64.91668,-64.139522 -64.91668,-64.176635 -64.91668,-64.213748 -64.91668,-64.250861 -64.91668,-64.287974 -64.91668,-64.325087 -64.91668,-64.3622 -64.91668,-64.3622 -64.897817,-64.3622 -64.878954,-64.3622 -64.860091,-64.3622 -64.841228,-64.3622 -64.82236499999999,-64.3622 -64.803502,-64.3622 -64.784639,-64.3622 -64.765776,-64.3622 -64.74691299999999,-64.3622 -64.72805))"]	["POINT(-64.176635 -64.82236499999999)"]	false	false
Underwater video transect community analysis data	1744584 1744550 1744570 1744602	2022-11-17	Amsler, Charles	Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity	This dataset consists of a file with results of community analyses from underwater video transects along the benthos at 14 sites between the Joubin Islands in the north and the Terra Firma Islands in the south.	["POLYGON((-67.77137 -64.77195,-67.3795463 -64.77195,-66.9877226 -64.77195,-66.59589890000001 -64.77195,-66.2040752 -64.77195,-65.8122515 -64.77195,-65.4204278 -64.77195,-65.0286041 -64.77195,-64.6367804 -64.77195,-64.2449567 -64.77195,-63.853133 -64.77195,-63.853133 -65.16396350000001,-63.853133 -65.555977,-63.853133 -65.9479905,-63.853133 -66.34000400000001,-63.853133 -66.73201750000001,-63.853133 -67.124031,-63.853133 -67.5160445,-63.853133 -67.90805800000001,-63.853133 -68.3000715,-63.853133 -68.692085,-64.2449567 -68.692085,-64.6367804 -68.692085,-65.0286041 -68.692085,-65.4204278 -68.692085,-65.8122515 -68.692085,-66.2040752 -68.692085,-66.59589890000001 -68.692085,-66.9877226 -68.692085,-67.3795463 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.3000715,-67.77137 -67.90805800000001,-67.77137 -67.5160445,-67.77137 -67.124031,-67.77137 -66.73201750000001,-67.77137 -66.34000400000001,-67.77137 -65.9479905,-67.77137 -65.555977,-67.77137 -65.16396350000001,-67.77137 -64.77195))"]	["POINT(-65.8122515 -66.73201750000001)"]	false	false
Crane Glacier centerline observations and modeling results	1933764	2022-10-24	Aberle, Rainey; Enderlin, Ellyn; Marshall, Hans-Peter; Kopera, Michal; Meehan, Tate	Antarctic Submarine Melt Variability from Remote Sensing of Icebergs	This dataset contains observed and modeled conditions along the Crane Glacier centerline for ~1994—2100. Observations include centerline (cl) coordinates, downscaled RACMO climate variables (runoff, snowfall, snowmelt, and surface mass balance), bed elevations (b), surface elevations (h), glacier width (W), calving front positions (xcf), and surface speeds (U) when available for the 1994—2019 period. Modeling results include glacier centerline geometry, speed, glacier mass discharge (Q_gl), and calving front and grounding line positions (x_cf and x_gl) under different future climate scenarios with varying surface mass balance (SMB), ocean thermal forcing (FT), SMB with potential feedbacks associated with enhanced surface melt water discharge and plume strengthening (SMB_enh), and concurrent SMB_enh and FT perturbations (SMB_enh_FT). Data are in “.mat” format, which can be read using MATLAB’s “load” function or using Python with the Scipy “scipy.io.loadmat” function.	["POLYGON((-63.1 -65.2,-62.99 -65.2,-62.88 -65.2,-62.77 -65.2,-62.660000000000004 -65.2,-62.55 -65.2,-62.44 -65.2,-62.33 -65.2,-62.22 -65.2,-62.11 -65.2,-62 -65.2,-62 -65.24000000000001,-62 -65.28,-62 -65.32,-62 -65.36,-62 -65.4,-62 -65.44,-62 -65.47999999999999,-62 -65.52,-62 -65.56,-62 -65.6,-62.11 -65.6,-62.22 -65.6,-62.33 -65.6,-62.44 -65.6,-62.55 -65.6,-62.660000000000004 -65.6,-62.77 -65.6,-62.88 -65.6,-62.99 -65.6,-63.1 -65.6,-63.1 -65.56,-63.1 -65.52,-63.1 -65.47999999999999,-63.1 -65.44,-63.1 -65.4,-63.1 -65.36,-63.1 -65.32,-63.1 -65.28,-63.1 -65.24000000000001,-63.1 -65.2))"]	["POINT(-62.55 -65.4)"]	false	false
Antarctic Seawater d18O isotope data from SE Amundsen Sea: 2000, 2007, 2009, 2019, 2020	1644159 1644118	2022-09-23	Hennig, Andrew	West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions Estimation of Antarctic Ice Melt using Stable Isotopic Analyses of Seawater	Seawater d18O and hydrographic data (temperature, salinity, oxygen where available) for 5 cruises to the Amundsen Sea in 2000, 2007, 2009, 2019, 2020	["POLYGON((-108 -73,-107.1 -73,-106.2 -73,-105.3 -73,-104.4 -73,-103.5 -73,-102.6 -73,-101.7 -73,-100.8 -73,-99.9 -73,-99 -73,-99 -73.3,-99 -73.6,-99 -73.9,-99 -74.2,-99 -74.5,-99 -74.8,-99 -75.1,-99 -75.4,-99 -75.7,-99 -76,-99.9 -76,-100.8 -76,-101.7 -76,-102.6 -76,-103.5 -76,-104.4 -76,-105.3 -76,-106.2 -76,-107.1 -76,-108 -76,-108 -75.7,-108 -75.4,-108 -75.1,-108 -74.8,-108 -74.5,-108 -74.2,-108 -73.9,-108 -73.6,-108 -73.3,-108 -73))"]	["POINT(-103.5 -74.5)"]	false	false
Underwater transect videos used for community analyses	1744550	2022-09-23	Amsler, Charles	Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity	This dataset consists of underwater videos of transects along the benthos at 14 sites between the Joubin Islands in the north and the Terra Firma Islands in the south. These were used for community analyses of the benthic communities.	["POLYGON((-67.77137 -64.77195,-67.3795463 -64.77195,-66.9877226 -64.77195,-66.59589890000001 -64.77195,-66.2040752 -64.77195,-65.8122515 -64.77195,-65.4204278 -64.77195,-65.0286041 -64.77195,-64.6367804 -64.77195,-64.2449567 -64.77195,-63.853133 -64.77195,-63.853133 -65.16396350000001,-63.853133 -65.555977,-63.853133 -65.9479905,-63.853133 -66.34000400000001,-63.853133 -66.73201750000001,-63.853133 -67.124031,-63.853133 -67.5160445,-63.853133 -67.90805800000001,-63.853133 -68.3000715,-63.853133 -68.692085,-64.2449567 -68.692085,-64.6367804 -68.692085,-65.0286041 -68.692085,-65.4204278 -68.692085,-65.8122515 -68.692085,-66.2040752 -68.692085,-66.59589890000001 -68.692085,-66.9877226 -68.692085,-67.3795463 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.3000715,-67.77137 -67.90805800000001,-67.77137 -67.5160445,-67.77137 -67.124031,-67.77137 -66.73201750000001,-67.77137 -66.34000400000001,-67.77137 -65.9479905,-67.77137 -65.555977,-67.77137 -65.16396350000001,-67.77137 -64.77195))"]	["POINT(-65.8122515 -66.73201750000001)"]	false	false
PIPERS Noble Gases	1341717 1744562	2022-09-15	Loose, Brice	Measuring Dissolved Gases to Reveal the Processes that Drive the Solubility Pump and Determine Gas Concentration in Antarctic Bottom Water Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica	Discrete noble gases were collected by cold-welded copper tubes within the Amundsen and Ross Sea polynyas.	["POLYGON((-180 -71,-179.9 -71,-179.8 -71,-179.7 -71,-179.6 -71,-179.5 -71,-179.4 -71,-179.3 -71,-179.2 -71,-179.1 -71,-179 -71,-179 -71.7,-179 -72.4,-179 -73.1,-179 -73.8,-179 -74.5,-179 -75.2,-179 -75.9,-179 -76.6,-179 -77.3,-179 -78,-179.1 -78,-179.2 -78,-179.3 -78,-179.4 -78,-179.5 -78,-179.6 -78,-179.7 -78,-179.8 -78,-179.9 -78,180 -78,177.5 -78,175 -78,172.5 -78,170 -78,167.5 -78,165 -78,162.5 -78,160 -78,157.5 -78,155 -78,155 -77.3,155 -76.6,155 -75.9,155 -75.2,155 -74.5,155 -73.8,155 -73.1,155 -72.4,155 -71.7,155 -71,157.5 -71,160 -71,162.5 -71,165 -71,167.5 -71,170 -71,172.5 -71,175 -71,177.5 -71,-180 -71))"]	["POINT(168 -74.5)"]	false	false
Physical and geochemical data from shelf sediments near the Antartic Pennisula	2031442	2022-09-08	Learman, Deric	RAPID: Meta-genomic and Transcriptomic Investigation of Complex Organic Matter Degradation in Antarctic Benthic Sediments	Shelf sediment samples were collected around the Antarctic Peninsular with the mega corer in 2020 (Nov. to Dec.). The sample locations and water depths are recorded in this dataset. These samples were used to collect data on organic matter (total organic carbon, total nitrogen, delta 13C (organic), delta 15N, and C to N ratios). Nutrient data (nitrate, nitrite, sulfate, and ammonia) and grain size analysis were collected on a subsample set (10).	[]	[]	false	false
Seasonal temperatures in West Antarctica during the Holocene	1807522 1043092	2022-09-01	Jones, Tyler R.	Collaborative Research: Targeted resampling of deep polar ice cores using information theory Collaborative Research: Stable Isotopes of Ice in the Transition and Glacial Sections of the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core	We analyzed a continuous record of water-isotope ratios from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core to reveal summer and winter temperature changes through the last 11,000 years.	["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"]	["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"]	false	false
South Pole Weather and Accumulation Measurements 2017-2020	1654922	2022-07-28	de la Peña, Santiago	EAGER: An Operational System to Measure Surface Mass Balance Deep in the Interior of the Antarctic Ice Sheet	An instrument suite composed of weather sensors and a set of 'SnowFox' Gamma Ray neutron counters used to estimate the water equivalence of snow accumulation, measured continuously between December 2017 and January 2020.	["POLYGON((-180 -89.99,-144 -89.99,-108 -89.99,-72 -89.99,-36 -89.99,0 -89.99,36 -89.99,72 -89.99,108 -89.99,144 -89.99,180 -89.99,180 -89.991,180 -89.99199999999999,180 -89.993,180 -89.994,180 -89.995,180 -89.996,180 -89.997,180 -89.998,180 -89.999,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -89.999,-180 -89.998,-180 -89.997,-180 -89.996,-180 -89.995,-180 -89.994,-180 -89.993,-180 -89.99199999999999,-180 -89.991,-180 -89.99))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Major and trace element analyses of Eocene-Oligocene marine sediments from ODP Site 696, South Orkney Microcontinent	1743643	2022-06-22	Passchier, Sandra; Hojnacki, Victoria; Li, Xiaona; States, Abbey; Lepp, Allison	Timing and Spatial Distribution of Antarctic Ice Sheet Growth and Sea-ice Formation across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition	This dataset contains measurements of major and trace elements on 190 samples of Eocene-Oligocene sediment from Ocean Drilling Program Site 696 drilled in 650 m water depth on the South Orkney Microcontinent. The composition of detrital, biogenic and authigenic sediment components was assessed via whole rock geochemistry of sediment samples. Instrument analysis was completed at Montclair State University.	["POINT(-42.933 -61.849)"]	["POINT(-42.933 -61.849)"]	false	false
Particle-size distributions of Eocene-Oligocene sediment from ODP Site 696, South Orkney Microcontinent	1743643	2022-06-21	Passchier, Sandra; Lepp, Allison; Horowitz Castaldo, Josie; Light, Jennifer	Timing and Spatial Distribution of Antarctic Ice Sheet Growth and Sea-ice Formation across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition	This dataset contains measurements of terrigenous particle-size distributions on Eocene-Oligocene sediment from Ocean Drilling Program Site 696 drilled in 650 m water depth on the South Orkney Microcontinent. Carbonate and organic matter were removed through addition of 10mL aliquots of 30% H2O2, 2mL aliquots of 10% HCl to ~50-100mL suspension on a hot plate. Diatoms were generally either absent or present in trace amounts in the Eocene-Oligocene interval and were not removed. Dispersion was through heating with sodium pyrophosphate. Samples were measured on a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 with a Hydro 2000MU (A) accessory, using a Refractive Index of 1.6 (Illite) and an absorption coefficient of 0.9. Results are in (vol. %) per size class, with diameter range equivalent to the diameter of spheres with the same volume as measured particles.	["POINT(-42.933 -61.849)"]	["POINT(-42.933 -61.849)"]	false	false
Silicon concentration and isotopic composition measurements in seawater profiles, pore waters, interstitial waters and sediments from 67°S to 55°S latitude in the Pacific Sector of the Southern Ocean	1341432	2022-05-16	Closset, Ivia; Jones, Janice L.; Brzezinski, Mark	Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump	This dataset contains data for stable isotopes of silicon in pore water, interstitial water, sediments and CTD profiles.	["POLYGON((-175 -54,-174 -54,-173 -54,-172 -54,-171 -54,-170 -54,-169 -54,-168 -54,-167 -54,-166 -54,-165 -54,-165 -55.3,-165 -56.6,-165 -57.9,-165 -59.2,-165 -60.5,-165 -61.8,-165 -63.1,-165 -64.4,-165 -65.7,-165 -67,-166 -67,-167 -67,-168 -67,-169 -67,-170 -67,-171 -67,-172 -67,-173 -67,-174 -67,-175 -67,-175 -65.7,-175 -64.4,-175 -63.1,-175 -61.8,-175 -60.5,-175 -59.2,-175 -57.9,-175 -56.6,-175 -55.3,-175 -54))"]	["POINT(-170 -60.5)"]	false	false
Motion-sensing biologging data from Antarctic minke whales, West Antarctic Peninsula	1643877	2022-03-23	Friedlaender, Ari	Foraging Behavior and Ecological Role of the Least Studied Antarctic Krill Predator, the Antarctic Minke Whale (Balaenoptera Bonaerensis)	This dataset contains motion-sensing and video recording data from CATS biologging tags deployed on Antarctic minke whales in 2018 and 2019. The data are used to determine underwater behavior and link foraging rates to environmental covariates to better understand the ecological role of this poorly known krill predator. Specifically, we are interested in how the presence and amount of ice affects the behavior of this species in the nearshore waters on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula, a region experiencing rapid climate change.	["POLYGON((-65 -62,-64.5 -62,-64 -62,-63.5 -62,-63 -62,-62.5 -62,-62 -62,-61.5 -62,-61 -62,-60.5 -62,-60 -62,-60 -62.4,-60 -62.8,-60 -63.2,-60 -63.6,-60 -64,-60 -64.4,-60 -64.8,-60 -65.2,-60 -65.6,-60 -66,-60.5 -66,-61 -66,-61.5 -66,-62 -66,-62.5 -66,-63 -66,-63.5 -66,-64 -66,-64.5 -66,-65 -66,-65 -65.6,-65 -65.2,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.4,-65 -64,-65 -63.6,-65 -63.2,-65 -62.8,-65 -62.4,-65 -62))"]	["POINT(-62.5 -64)"]	false	false
Raw gastropod collection data from Amsler et al. 2022 Antarctic Science	1341333 1341339	2022-03-15	Amsler, Charles	Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing	This file represents the raw gastropod count data used for the analyses in Amsler et al. 2022, Antarctic Science. See the methods there in the main text and supplementary material for specifics on collections and exact coordinates of the collection sites.	[]	[]	false	false
Wideband magnetotelluric responses from Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica	1643917	2022-02-25	Gustafson, Chloe; Key, Kerry; Siegfried, Matthew; Fricker, Helen	Mapping Antarctic Subglacial Water with Novel Electromagnetic Techniques	This archive contains magnetotelluric (MT) responses estimated from MT time series data that were collected to study subglacial groundwater beneath Whillans Ice Stream, West Antarctica. Data acquisition took place during the 2018/2019 Antarctic summer field season. 27 MT stations were collected at Whillans Subglacial Lake (SLW) and 16 stations were obtained at its hypothesized downstream outlet to the ocean, Whillans Grounding Zone (WGZ). The MT responses are provided as text files in the .zmm format output by the MT data processing code, but have also been converted to the more widely used .edi text file format for convenience. All sensor orientations are listed as geomagnetic azimuths, which for this region are substantially different than the corresponding geographic azimuths.	["POLYGON((-163.646 -84.186,-162.58715 -84.186,-161.5283 -84.186,-160.46945 -84.186,-159.4106 -84.186,-158.35175 -84.186,-157.2929 -84.186,-156.23405 -84.186,-155.1752 -84.186,-154.11635 -84.186,-153.0575 -84.186,-153.0575 -84.20871,-153.0575 -84.23142,-153.0575 -84.25413,-153.0575 -84.27684,-153.0575 -84.29955,-153.0575 -84.32226,-153.0575 -84.34497,-153.0575 -84.36768,-153.0575 -84.39039,-153.0575 -84.4131,-154.11635 -84.4131,-155.1752 -84.4131,-156.23405 -84.4131,-157.2929 -84.4131,-158.35175 -84.4131,-159.4106 -84.4131,-160.46945 -84.4131,-161.5283 -84.4131,-162.58715 -84.4131,-163.646 -84.4131,-163.646 -84.39039,-163.646 -84.36768,-163.646 -84.34497,-163.646 -84.32226,-163.646 -84.29955,-163.646 -84.27684,-163.646 -84.25413,-163.646 -84.23142,-163.646 -84.20871,-163.646 -84.186))"]	["POINT(-158.35175 -84.29955)"]	false	false
metabolic measurements	1543539	2022-02-18	Pearson, Linnea	RUI: Growing Up on Ice: Physiological Adaptations and Developmental Plasticity in Weddell Seal Pups Across Two Extreme Physical Environments	Oxygen consumption of Weddell seal pups (n = 8) placed in a metabolic chamber filed with air or water. Data were collected during 2017 and 2019. Each pup was measured every 2 weeks starting from 1 week of age to 7 weeks of age, resulting in 4 age timepoints.	[]	[]	false	false
Gridded Values of Conservative Temperature and Absolute Salinity Around Antarctica averaged for the depth range 300 m to min([water depth, 1000]) m	1744789 1744792	2022-02-01	Howard, Susan L.; Little, Chris; Sun, Qiang; Padman, Laurence	No project link provided	This dataset contains NetCDF files of two-dimensional gridded fields of hydrographic properties, Conservative Temperature (CT) and Absolute Salinity (SA), around Antarctica, depth-averaged for the depth range 300 m to min([water depth, 1000]) m from 38 CMIP6 models, the World Ocean Atlas 2018, and our own product developed from the World Ocean Database. These fields are designed to represent the hydrography of deeper water masses on the Antarctic Continental Shelf (ACS), where typical water depths are 400-600 m, and the intermediate-depth water off the continental shelf. The dataset includes a high-resolution polar-stereographic grid (2 x 2 km) of Southern Ocean geometry, including water depth, elevation of the land and ice-sheet surface (including ice shelves), a mask (identifying water, land and grounded ice, and ice shelves), and offshore distance from the continental shelf break. An example MATLAB script for accessing the grids and plotting them is included. The primary purpose of this dataset is to provide simplified 2-D hydrographic fields that can be used to assess the performance of climate models for the ACS, focusing on the depth range that affects most basal melting of Antarctica’s ice shelves.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Physical and geochemical data from five sediment cores collected offshore Thwaites Glacier	1738942	2022-01-27	Lepp, Allison	NSF-NERC: THwaites Offshore Research (THOR)	This dataset contains measurements from grain-size, x-ray fluorescence (XRF), and physical properties (including magnetic susceptibility, water content, and shear strength) analyses of five sediment cores collected offshore Thwaites Glacier during cruises NBP19-02 (cores KC04, KC08, and KC23) and NBP20-02 (cores KC33 and KC67). We estimate the cores, which are between 213.5 and 297.5 cm in length, reflect deposition during the last ~10 kyr, consistent with published constraints of deglaciation of this region. Data are organized in Microsoft Excel spreadsheets and core locations are provided in a PDF.	["POLYGON((-107.38 -74.64,-107.065 -74.64,-106.75 -74.64,-106.435 -74.64,-106.12 -74.64,-105.805 -74.64,-105.49 -74.64,-105.175 -74.64,-104.86 -74.64,-104.545 -74.64,-104.23 -74.64,-104.23 -74.683,-104.23 -74.726,-104.23 -74.769,-104.23 -74.812,-104.23 -74.855,-104.23 -74.898,-104.23 -74.941,-104.23 -74.984,-104.23 -75.027,-104.23 -75.07,-104.545 -75.07,-104.86 -75.07,-105.175 -75.07,-105.49 -75.07,-105.805 -75.07,-106.12 -75.07,-106.435 -75.07,-106.75 -75.07,-107.065 -75.07,-107.38 -75.07,-107.38 -75.027,-107.38 -74.984,-107.38 -74.941,-107.38 -74.898,-107.38 -74.855,-107.38 -74.812,-107.38 -74.769,-107.38 -74.726,-107.38 -74.683,-107.38 -74.64))"]	["POINT(-105.805 -74.855)"]	false	false
Model of iceberg drift and decay including breakup	1744835	2022-01-18	Wagner, Till	Modeling Giant Icebergs and Their Decay	Because of difficulties in adequately simulating their breakup, large Antarctic icebergs to date have either not been represented in models or represented but with no breakup scheme such that they consistently survive too long and travel too far compared with observations. Here, we introduce a representation of iceberg fracturing using a breakup scheme based on the “footloose mechanism.” We optimize the parameters of this breakup scheme by forcing the iceberg model with an ocean state estimate and comparing the modeled iceberg trajectories and areas with the Antarctic Iceberg Tracking Database. We show that including large icebergs and a representation of their breakup substantially affects the iceberg meltwater distribution, with implications for the circulation and stratification of the Southern Ocean. This data link includes the model developed for the study, including a link to the forcing fields needed to replicate the model results.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
G170 Raman Spectroscopy & Tomography Volumes of Melt Inclusions and Vapor Bubbles	1644013	2022-01-12	Gaetani, Glenn	Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion	G170 Raman Spectroscopy & Tomography Volumes of Melt Inclusions and Vapor Bubbles	["POLYGON((164.1 -77.1,164.65 -77.1,165.2 -77.1,165.75 -77.1,166.3 -77.1,166.85 -77.1,167.4 -77.1,167.95 -77.1,168.5 -77.1,169.05 -77.1,169.6 -77.1,169.6 -77.235,169.6 -77.37,169.6 -77.505,169.6 -77.64,169.6 -77.775,169.6 -77.91,169.6 -78.045,169.6 -78.18,169.6 -78.315,169.6 -78.45,169.05 -78.45,168.5 -78.45,167.95 -78.45,167.4 -78.45,166.85 -78.45,166.3 -78.45,165.75 -78.45,165.2 -78.45,164.65 -78.45,164.1 -78.45,164.1 -78.315,164.1 -78.18,164.1 -78.045,164.1 -77.91,164.1 -77.775,164.1 -77.64,164.1 -77.505,164.1 -77.37,164.1 -77.235,164.1 -77.1))"]	["POINT(166.85 -77.775)"]	false	false
G170 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Melt Inclusion Hydrogen Isotopes	1644013	2022-01-12	Gaetani, Glenn	Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion	G170 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Melt Inclusion Hydrogen Isotopes	["POLYGON((164.1 -77.1,164.65 -77.1,165.2 -77.1,165.75 -77.1,166.3 -77.1,166.85 -77.1,167.4 -77.1,167.95 -77.1,168.5 -77.1,169.05 -77.1,169.6 -77.1,169.6 -77.235,169.6 -77.37,169.6 -77.505,169.6 -77.64,169.6 -77.775,169.6 -77.91,169.6 -78.045,169.6 -78.18,169.6 -78.315,169.6 -78.45,169.05 -78.45,168.5 -78.45,167.95 -78.45,167.4 -78.45,166.85 -78.45,166.3 -78.45,165.75 -78.45,165.2 -78.45,164.65 -78.45,164.1 -78.45,164.1 -78.315,164.1 -78.18,164.1 -78.045,164.1 -77.91,164.1 -77.775,164.1 -77.64,164.1 -77.505,164.1 -77.37,164.1 -77.235,164.1 -77.1))"]	["POINT(166.85 -77.775)"]	false	false
G170 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Melt Inclusion Volatiles	1644013	2022-01-12	Gaetani, Glenn	Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion	G170 Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry Analyses of Melt Inclusion Volatiles	["POLYGON((164.1 -77.1,164.65 -77.1,165.2 -77.1,165.75 -77.1,166.3 -77.1,166.85 -77.1,167.4 -77.1,167.95 -77.1,168.5 -77.1,169.05 -77.1,169.6 -77.1,169.6 -77.235,169.6 -77.37,169.6 -77.505,169.6 -77.64,169.6 -77.775,169.6 -77.91,169.6 -78.045,169.6 -78.18,169.6 -78.315,169.6 -78.45,169.05 -78.45,168.5 -78.45,167.95 -78.45,167.4 -78.45,166.85 -78.45,166.3 -78.45,165.75 -78.45,165.2 -78.45,164.65 -78.45,164.1 -78.45,164.1 -78.315,164.1 -78.18,164.1 -78.045,164.1 -77.91,164.1 -77.775,164.1 -77.64,164.1 -77.505,164.1 -77.37,164.1 -77.235,164.1 -77.1))"]	["POINT(166.85 -77.775)"]	false	false
G170 Electron Microprobe Analyses of Melt Inclusions and Host Olivines	1644013	2022-01-12	Gaetani, Glenn	Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion	Electron Microprobe Analyses of Melt Inclusions and Host Olivines	["POLYGON((164.1 -77.1,164.65 -77.1,165.2 -77.1,165.75 -77.1,166.3 -77.1,166.85 -77.1,167.4 -77.1,167.95 -77.1,168.5 -77.1,169.05 -77.1,169.6 -77.1,169.6 -77.235,169.6 -77.37,169.6 -77.505,169.6 -77.64,169.6 -77.775,169.6 -77.91,169.6 -78.045,169.6 -78.18,169.6 -78.315,169.6 -78.45,169.05 -78.45,168.5 -78.45,167.95 -78.45,167.4 -78.45,166.85 -78.45,166.3 -78.45,165.75 -78.45,165.2 -78.45,164.65 -78.45,164.1 -78.45,164.1 -78.315,164.1 -78.18,164.1 -78.045,164.1 -77.91,164.1 -77.775,164.1 -77.64,164.1 -77.505,164.1 -77.37,164.1 -77.235,164.1 -77.1))"]	["POINT(166.85 -77.775)"]	false	false
G170 Sample Locations Ross Island & Discovery Province	1644013	2022-01-12	Gaetani, Glenn	Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion	G170 Sample Locations Ross Island & Discovery Province	["POLYGON((164.1 -77.1,164.65 -77.1,165.2 -77.1,165.75 -77.1,166.3 -77.1,166.85 -77.1,167.4 -77.1,167.95 -77.1,168.5 -77.1,169.05 -77.1,169.6 -77.1,169.6 -77.235,169.6 -77.37,169.6 -77.505,169.6 -77.64,169.6 -77.775,169.6 -77.91,169.6 -78.045,169.6 -78.18,169.6 -78.315,169.6 -78.45,169.05 -78.45,168.5 -78.45,167.95 -78.45,167.4 -78.45,166.85 -78.45,166.3 -78.45,165.75 -78.45,165.2 -78.45,164.65 -78.45,164.1 -78.45,164.1 -78.315,164.1 -78.18,164.1 -78.045,164.1 -77.91,164.1 -77.775,164.1 -77.64,164.1 -77.505,164.1 -77.37,164.1 -77.235,164.1 -77.1))"]	["POINT(166.85 -77.775)"]	false	false
Temperature profiles at five fishing locations on the West Antarctic Peninsula during austral fall 2018.	1947040	2021-12-16	Desvignes, Thomas	EAGER: Origin and Physiological Consequences of a Neoplasm Outbreak in Antarctic Fish	Temperature profiles at five fishing locations on the West Antarctic Peninsula during austral fall 2018. All profiles were recorded using a DST centi-TD Miniature Temperature and Depth Data Logger (Star-Oddi, Garðabær, Iceland) mounted on one of the two otters of the fishing net, thus continuously recording temperature while going down, at the bottom, and while ascending the water column. The two temperature profiles in the Gerlache Strait were recorded using XBT probes (Expendable Bathythermograph) Sippican Deep Blue 760-M and thus show unidirectional temperature profiles.	["POLYGON((-65.3 -63.3,-65 -63.3,-64.7 -63.3,-64.4 -63.3,-64.1 -63.3,-63.8 -63.3,-63.5 -63.3,-63.2 -63.3,-62.9 -63.3,-62.6 -63.3,-62.3 -63.3,-62.3 -63.47,-62.3 -63.64,-62.3 -63.81,-62.3 -63.98,-62.3 -64.15,-62.3 -64.32,-62.3 -64.49,-62.3 -64.66,-62.3 -64.83,-62.3 -65,-62.6 -65,-62.9 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.5 -65,-63.8 -65,-64.1 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.7 -65,-65 -65,-65.3 -65,-65.3 -64.83,-65.3 -64.66,-65.3 -64.49,-65.3 -64.32,-65.3 -64.15,-65.3 -63.98,-65.3 -63.81,-65.3 -63.64,-65.3 -63.47,-65.3 -63.3))"]	["POINT(-63.8 -64.15)"]	false	false
Timelapse photography of Don Juan Pond and surrounding basin	1643550	2021-11-15	Sletten, Ronald S.; Mushkin, Amit; Toner, Jonathan	Formation and Characteristics of Brine-rich Water in the Dry Valleys, Antarctica	Timelapse photography of Don Juan Pond basin during the period from 12/25/2017 to 1/17/2018. The images show the daily water level changes of Don Juan pond as well as the change in the appearance of slope streaks in the surrounding basin walls.	["POLYGON((161.17 -77.55,161.178 -77.55,161.186 -77.55,161.194 -77.55,161.202 -77.55,161.21 -77.55,161.218 -77.55,161.226 -77.55,161.234 -77.55,161.242 -77.55,161.25 -77.55,161.25 -77.553,161.25 -77.556,161.25 -77.559,161.25 -77.562,161.25 -77.565,161.25 -77.568,161.25 -77.571,161.25 -77.574,161.25 -77.577,161.25 -77.58,161.242 -77.58,161.234 -77.58,161.226 -77.58,161.218 -77.58,161.21 -77.58,161.202 -77.58,161.194 -77.58,161.186 -77.58,161.178 -77.58,161.17 -77.58,161.17 -77.577,161.17 -77.574,161.17 -77.571,161.17 -77.568,161.17 -77.565,161.17 -77.562,161.17 -77.559,161.17 -77.556,161.17 -77.553,161.17 -77.55))"]	["POINT(161.21 -77.565)"]	false	false
Circum-Antarctic grounding-line sinuosity	1246353 1745055 1745043	2021-11-10	Simkins, Lauren; Stearns, Leigh; Riverman, Kiya	Evidence for Paleo Ice Stream Collapse in the Western Ross Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum. Collaborative Research: Topographic controls on Antarctic Ice Sheet grounding line retreat - integrating models and observations	The dataset here allows exploration of the causes and significance of Antarctic grounding-line sinuosity by coupling observations of contemporary Antarctic grounding lines and paleo-grounding lines expressed as ice-marginal landforms on the Ross Sea continental shelf. Modern grounding lines are derived from the MEaSUREs Version 2 Differential Satellite Radar Interferometry dataset with spatial resolutions of 25-120 m spanning February 1992 to December 2014 (Rignot et al., 2016; Mouginot et al., 2017). The boundaries of individual grounding lines representative of individual glacial catchments (n=664) were delineated by the inflection points of the shear strain rate, εxy (c.f Van der Veen et al., 2011). Sinuosity was calculated as the ratio of the true length, orthogonal to ice-flow direction, of the grounding lines and the straight line length between end-points and in units of km/km. Raster data were extracted at 1-km points along each grounding line; the mean was calculated for each grounding line and merged in a table with sinuosity data. A dataset of 6,275 paleo-grounding lines expressed as ice-marginal landforms on the deglaciated western Ross Sea continental shelf are used in this study, originally published by Simkins et al., 2018. The ice-marginal landforms were mapped from multibeam echo sounder data that was collected onboard the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer (NBP) 15-02 cruise using a Kongsberg EM122 operating in dual swath mode at 12 kHz frequency with 30-60% swath overlap (Cruise DOI: 10.7284/901477). The resulting bathymetry data was gridded at 20-40 m with decimeter vertical elevation resolution depending on water depth and sea-state. Sinuosity is calculated as a ratio of true (mapped) landform length, measured in the across paleo-ice flow direction at the crest of the landform, to the straight line distance between the mapped landform endpoints and in units of km/km. To compare modern and paleo-grounding lines, we use a consistent length scale by segmenting the grounding lines into 2-km sections for the two datasets (modern, n=12,966; paleo, n=5,832), even though this eliminates grounding lines that are less than 2-km long and thus results in 1 modern and 3,873 paleo-grounding lines removed. The full-length and 2-km segmented groundings lines are provided as shapefiles "InSAR_groundinglines_full" and "InSAR_groundinglines_2km", the paleo-grounding lines are provided as shapefiles "RossSea_icemarginal_full" and "RossSea_icemarginal_2km", and points marking modern grounding lines retreat from repeat InSAR surveys are provided as shapefile "InSAR_retreat_points", all stored together in a geodatabase named "Antarctic_groundinglines.gbd". Additional grounding line metrics, including length, sinuosity, bed roughness, and bed slope for modern and paleo-grounding lines, and height-above-buoyancy gradient, ice-flow velocity, presence of pinning points and ice shelves are provided for modern grounding lines. The published dataset was compiled and analyzed in the article "Controls on circum-Antarctic grounding-line sinuosity " by Simkins, L.M., Stearns, L.A., and Riverman, K.L, which will be submitted to a peer-review journal in November 2021. References Mouginot, J., B. Scheuchl, and E. Rignot. 2017. MEaSUREs Antarctic Boundaries for IPY 2007-2009 from Satellite Radar, Version 2. [Indicate subset used]. Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. Rignot, E., J. Mouginot, and B. Scheuchl. 2016. MEaSUREs Antarctic Grounding Line from Differential Satellite Radar Interferometry, Version 2. Boulder, Colorado USA. NASA National Snow and Ice Data Center Distributed Active Archive Center. Simkins, L. M., Greenwood, S. L., & Anderson, J. B. (2018). Diagnosing ice sheet grounding line stability from landform morphology. The Cryosphere, 12(8), 2707-2726. Van der Veen, C. J., J. C. Plummer, & L. A. Stearns. (2011). Controls on the recent speed up of Jakobshavn Isbræ, West Greenland. Journal of Glaciology, 57(204), 770-782	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Pennell Trough, Ross Sea bathymetry and glacial landforms	1745043 1745055 1246353	2021-10-04	Greenwood, Sarah; Munevar Garcia, Santiago; Eareckson, Elizabeth; Anderson, John; Prothro, Lindsay; Simkins, Lauren	Collaborative Research: Topographic controls on Antarctic Ice Sheet grounding line retreat - integrating models and observations Evidence for Paleo Ice Stream Collapse in the Western Ross Sea since the Last Glacial Maximum.	Bathymetry from multibeam echo sounding data in Pennell Trough, Ross Sea, Antarctica was collected onboard the RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer (NBP) 15-02 cruise using a Kongsberg EM122 operating in dual swath mode at 12 kHz frequency with a 1°×1° beam width, swath angular coverage set to 62°×62°, and 30-60% overlap between survey lines. All raw, ping-edited geophysical data collected on NBP15-02 can be accessed using the Marine Geoscience Data System (Cruise DOI: 10.7284/901477). The bathymetry dataset here is gridded at 20-m resolution with a water depth-dependent vertical resolution on the order of decimeters. Two shapefiles are provided for ice-marginal landforms and meltwater landforms observable in the bathymetry data. The purpose of collecting the bathymetry data on cruise NBP15-02 was to better understand the glacial history of the Ross Sea, and the dataset, inclusive of bathymetry data and shapefiles of glacial landforms, from Pennell Trough are used to understand impacts on subglacial channel morphology and organization during the deglaciation of the region following the Last Glacial Maximum. The published dataset was used and analyzed in the article "Topographic controls on channelized meltwater in the subglacial environment" by Simkins, L.M., Greenwood, S.L., Munevar Garcia, S., Eareckson, E.A., Anderson, J.B., and Prothro, L.O, which was published in Geophysical Research Letters in 2021 (DOI: 10.1029/2021GL094678).	["POLYGON((174 -75,174.4 -75,174.8 -75,175.2 -75,175.6 -75,176 -75,176.4 -75,176.8 -75,177.2 -75,177.6 -75,178 -75,178 -75.2,178 -75.4,178 -75.6,178 -75.8,178 -76,178 -76.2,178 -76.4,178 -76.6,178 -76.8,178 -77,177.6 -77,177.2 -77,176.8 -77,176.4 -77,176 -77,175.6 -77,175.2 -77,174.8 -77,174.4 -77,174 -77,174 -76.8,174 -76.6,174 -76.4,174 -76.2,174 -76,174 -75.8,174 -75.6,174 -75.4,174 -75.2,174 -75))"]	["POINT(176 -76)"]	false	false
Softening of temperate ice by interstitial water	1643120	2021-07-01	Iverson, Neal	NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Two-Phase Dynamics of Temperate Ice	This dataset contains parameters and results of laboratory experiments in which temperate ice with various water contents was sheared at controlled rates.	[]	[]	false	false
Antarctic passive microwave Kmeans derived surface melt days, 1979-2020	1543432	2021-06-22	Johnson, Andrew; Hock, Regine; Fahnestock, Mark	Collaborative Research: Present and Projected Future Forcings on Antarctic Peninsula Glaciers and Ice Shelves using the Weather Forecasting and Research (WRF) Model	This dataset contains the total number of days per year with meltwater present at the surface across the Antarctic ice sheet and surrounding ice shelves derived from passive microwave satellite observations for each melt year from 1979/80 to 2019/20. This data comes from daily and near-daily SMMR, SSM/I, and SSMIS results at 25 km resolution at 19 GHz horizontal polarization. Each melt year starts on July 1 and ends June 30. The melt detection algorithm is described in Johnson and others (2020) and uses KMeans clustering analysis of the annual brightness temperature time series on each pixel to detect melt for that pixel and year.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Future climate response to Antarctic Ice Sheet melt caused by anthropogenic warming	1443347	2021-06-08	Condron, Alan	Collaborative Research: Assessing the Global Climate Response to Melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet	Meltwater and ice discharge from a retreating Antarctic Ice Sheet could have important impacts on future global climate. This dataset contains the results from multi-century (present–2250) climate simulations performed using a coupled numerical model integrated under future greenhouse-gas emission scenarios IPCC RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, with meltwater and ice discharge provided by a dynamic-thermodynamic ice sheet model. These results were published in Sadai et al., Science Advances, 2020, Vol. 6, eaaz1169 Please note that ALL the raw model data generated for this project is archived at Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution and the University of Massachusetts Amherst and freely available on request.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Precipitation Observations for the Northwest Ross Ice Shelf - 2017-12 to 2019-11	1543325 1543377	2021-05-04	Seefeldt, Mark	Collaborative Research: Implementing Low-power, Autonomous Observing Systems to Improve the Measurement and Understanding of Antarctic Precipitation	The dataset includes precipitation and associated observations at four sites across the northwest Ross Ice Shelf from December 2017 to November 2019. The general instruments at each site include precipitation gauge - installed inside a wind shield, anemometer, thermometer, sonic ranging sensor, optical particle detector, laser disdrometer, shortwave and longwave radiation sensors, and a field camera. The observations from each site include: precipitation (liquid water equivalent), temperature, wind speed, snow surface height, particle count, particle size and speed, upward/downward longwave radiation, upward/downward shortwave radiation, still image photos, and 5-second movies. The data are in comma-delimited text files, jpg photos, and mp4 movies. png plots of the quality-controlled observations are included for quick views of the data.	["POLYGON((166.918 -77.877,167.2997 -77.877,167.6814 -77.877,168.0631 -77.877,168.4448 -77.877,168.8265 -77.877,169.2082 -77.877,169.5899 -77.877,169.9716 -77.877,170.3533 -77.877,170.735 -77.877,170.735 -77.99,170.735 -78.103,170.735 -78.216,170.735 -78.329,170.735 -78.442,170.735 -78.555,170.735 -78.668,170.735 -78.781,170.735 -78.894,170.735 -79.007,170.3533 -79.007,169.9716 -79.007,169.5899 -79.007,169.2082 -79.007,168.8265 -79.007,168.4448 -79.007,168.0631 -79.007,167.6814 -79.007,167.2997 -79.007,166.918 -79.007,166.918 -78.894,166.918 -78.781,166.918 -78.668,166.918 -78.555,166.918 -78.442,166.918 -78.329,166.918 -78.216,166.918 -78.103,166.918 -77.99,166.918 -77.877))"]	["POINT(168.8265 -78.442)"]	false	false
Simulated changes in Southern Ocean salinity	1443347	2021-05-04	Condron, Alan	Collaborative Research: Assessing the Global Climate Response to Melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet	This dataset contains the MITgcm model output data presented in Ashley, K.E. et al., 2021. This dataset includes simulated spatial changes in sea surface salinity (SSS), time series data of salinity, and scatter plot data of SSS changes against meltwater discharge.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Antarctic Active Subglacial Lake Inventory from ICESat Altimetry	0636719 0636970	2021-04-21	Smith, Ben; Joughin, Ian; Tulaczyk, Slawek; Fricker, Helen	Collaborative Research: Elevation Change Anomalies in West Antarctica and Dynamics of Subglacial Water Transport Beneath Ice Streams and their Tributaries	This data set contains lake boundaries, volume changes, and gridded elevations for 124 active subglacial lakes beneath the Antarctic ice sheet. Lakes were identified using laser altimetry data obtained from 2003 to 2009 by NASA's Ice, Cloud, and Land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) mission. The data are provided in Keyhole Markup Language (KML), comma-separated values (CSV), and GEOTiff formats.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
High-resolution nearshore benthic seawater temperature from around McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)	1644196	2021-01-03	Cziko, Paul	Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	Nearshore benthic seawater temperature (plus pressure and salinity for some sites) in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica for 2017-2019. Data includes those from standalone temperature (sometimes pressure) for several sites around McMurdo Sound as well as data from the cabled McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory moored conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor at the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty. Data are from high precision SeaBird sensors (SBE56, SBE39, SBE19Plus and SBE37), with sample intervals from 90 sec to 15 min, depending on site. Sampled sites include Explorer's Cove at New Harbor, Cape Evans, Granite Harbor, and the McMurdo Station jetty. All sensors were deployed near or on the benthos at 20-25 m deep, in typical nearshore benthic fish and invertebrate habitat.	["POLYGON((162.647931 -77.000624,163.049652 -77.000624,163.451373 -77.000624,163.853094 -77.000624,164.254815 -77.000624,164.656536 -77.000624,165.058257 -77.000624,165.459978 -77.000624,165.861699 -77.000624,166.26342 -77.000624,166.665141 -77.000624,166.665141 -77.0856883,166.665141 -77.1707526,166.665141 -77.2558169,166.665141 -77.3408812,166.665141 -77.4259455,166.665141 -77.5110098,166.665141 -77.5960741,166.665141 -77.6811384,166.665141 -77.7662027,166.665141 -77.851267,166.26342 -77.851267,165.861699 -77.851267,165.459978 -77.851267,165.058257 -77.851267,164.656536 -77.851267,164.254815 -77.851267,163.853094 -77.851267,163.451373 -77.851267,163.049652 -77.851267,162.647931 -77.851267,162.647931 -77.7662027,162.647931 -77.6811384,162.647931 -77.5960741,162.647931 -77.5110098,162.647931 -77.4259455,162.647931 -77.3408812,162.647931 -77.2558169,162.647931 -77.1707526,162.647931 -77.0856883,162.647931 -77.000624))"]	["POINT(164.656536 -77.4259455)"]	false	false
Shackleton Glacier region soil water-soluble geochemical data	1341736 1341631	2021-01-02	Diaz, Melisa A.; Lyons, W. Berry; Gardner, Christopher B.	Collaborative Research: The Role of Glacial History on the Structure and Functioning of Ecological Communities in the Shackleton Glacier Region of the Transantarctic Mountains	During the 2017-2018 austral summer, 220 surface soil samples (~top 5 cm) were collected from 11 distinct ice-free areas (Roberts Massif, Schroeder Hill, Mt. Augustana, Bennett Platform, Mt. Heekin, Thanksgiving Valley, Taylor Nunatak, Mt. Franke, Mt. Wasko, Nilsen Peak, and Mt. Speed) along the Shackleton Glacier. Dried soils were leached at a 1:5 soil to DI water ratio, and the leachate was filtered through 0.4 µm Nucleopore membrane filters. The leachate was analyzed for anions (F-, Cl-, Br-, and SO42-) which were measured on a Dionex ICS-2100 ion chromatograph, cations (K+, Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, and Sr2+) which were measured on a PerkinElmer Optima 8300 Inductively Coupled Plasma-Optical Emission Spectrometer (ICP-OES), and nutrients (NO3- + NO2-, PO43-, H4SiO4, and NH3) which were measured on a Skalar San++ Automated Wet Chemistry Analyzer at The Ohio State University. Perchlorate (ClO4-) and chlorate (ClO3-) were measured using an ion chromatograph-tandem mass spectrometry technique (IC-MS/MS) at Texas Tech University. Accuracy was typically better than 5% for all major anions, cations, and nutrients, as determined by the NIST 1643e external reference standard and the 2015 USGS interlaboratory calibration standard (M-216), and better than 10% for perchlorate and chlorate, as determined by spike recoveries.	["POLYGON((-177.4213 -84.4647,-177.08802 -84.4647,-176.75474 -84.4647,-176.42146 -84.4647,-176.08818 -84.4647,-175.7549 -84.4647,-175.42162 -84.4647,-175.08834 -84.4647,-174.75506 -84.4647,-174.42178 -84.4647,-174.0885 -84.4647,-174.0885 -84.56732,-174.0885 -84.66994,-174.0885 -84.77256,-174.0885 -84.87518,-174.0885 -84.9778,-174.0885 -85.08042,-174.0885 -85.18304,-174.0885 -85.28566,-174.0885 -85.38828,-174.0885 -85.4909,-174.42178 -85.4909,-174.75506 -85.4909,-175.08834 -85.4909,-175.42162 -85.4909,-175.7549 -85.4909,-176.08818 -85.4909,-176.42146 -85.4909,-176.75474 -85.4909,-177.08802 -85.4909,-177.4213 -85.4909,-177.4213 -85.38828,-177.4213 -85.28566,-177.4213 -85.18304,-177.4213 -85.08042,-177.4213 -84.9778,-177.4213 -84.87518,-177.4213 -84.77256,-177.4213 -84.66994,-177.4213 -84.56732,-177.4213 -84.4647))"]	["POINT(-175.7549 -84.9778)"]	false	false
Shackleton Glacier region water-soluble salt isotopes	1341631 1341736	2021-01-02	Diaz, Melisa A.; Lyons, W. Berry; Gardner, Christopher B.	Collaborative Research: The Role of Glacial History on the Structure and Functioning of Ecological Communities in the Shackleton Glacier Region of the Transantarctic Mountains	Soil samples were collected from the Shackleton Glacier region, located in the Queen Maud Mountains during the 2017-2018 austral summer. A subset of 27 samples were analyzed for stable isotopes of S, N, C, and O in nitrate, sulfate, and (bi)carbonate. ). δ15N-NO3 values ranged from -47.8 to 20.4‰ and, while all Δ17O-NO3 values are positive, they ranged from 15.7 to 45.9‰. δ34S-SO4 and δ18O-SO4 values ranged from 12.5 and 17.9‰ and -14.5 to -7.1‰, respectively. Total inorganic carbon isotopes ((bi)carbonate) in bulk soil samples ranged from 0.2 to 8.5‰ for δ13C and -38.8 to -9.6‰ for δ18O.	["POLYGON((-177.3907 -84.46466667,-177.06501 -84.46466667,-176.73932 -84.46466667,-176.41363 -84.46466667,-176.08794 -84.46466667,-175.76225 -84.46466667,-175.43656 -84.46466667,-175.11087 -84.46466667,-174.78518 -84.46466667,-174.45949 -84.46466667,-174.1338 -84.46466667,-174.1338 -84.566988336,-174.1338 -84.669310002,-174.1338 -84.771631668,-174.1338 -84.873953334,-174.1338 -84.976275,-174.1338 -85.078596666,-174.1338 -85.180918332,-174.1338 -85.283239998,-174.1338 -85.385561664,-174.1338 -85.48788333,-174.45949 -85.48788333,-174.78518 -85.48788333,-175.11087 -85.48788333,-175.43656 -85.48788333,-175.76225 -85.48788333,-176.08794 -85.48788333,-176.41363 -85.48788333,-176.73932 -85.48788333,-177.06501 -85.48788333,-177.3907 -85.48788333,-177.3907 -85.385561664,-177.3907 -85.283239998,-177.3907 -85.180918332,-177.3907 -85.078596666,-177.3907 -84.976275,-177.3907 -84.873953334,-177.3907 -84.771631668,-177.3907 -84.669310002,-177.3907 -84.566988336,-177.3907 -84.46466667))"]	["POINT(-175.76225 -84.976275)"]	false	false
Long-term broadband underwater acoustic recordings from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)	1644196	2020-12-29	Cziko, Paul	Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	Broadband underwater acoustic recordings from the McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory mooring near the seaward terminus of the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty. An omnidirectional Ocean Sonics icListen hydrophone (SB2-ETH, SN 1713) recorded continuously at 512 kilosamples/second (256 kHz Nyquist frequency; 24 bit) for 2 years. The hydrophone was mounted vertically on a steel strut (insulated with rubber sheet) at about 70 cm above the mud/gravel seabed at 21m deep, with the sloping 45° rubble face of the jetty just behind the hydrophone. Temporal coverage is >90%, with gaps and truncated files arising due to network and power outages and software bugs. The audio recordings are 10 minute WAV files, compressed using the lossless FLAC code (Free Lossless Audio Codec, xiph.org; about 33MB of data/minute compressed; 100MB/min uncompressed). The hydrophone was under thick (to 3 m) sea ice cover for the majority of the dataset. The majority of the recorded biological sounds were produced by Weddell seals. Orca were present intermittently (~10 days total) in January-March in both summers. Known non-biological sounds include irregular low-intensity, broad-spectrum clicks and cracks from the sea ice cover, occasional wind noise, a 1.5-s gurgle with components to 200kHz every 90s from the CTD’s pump, a broad-spectrum mechanical sound for 3 min every 4 h from the observatory's underwater camera cleaning system, low-intensity whines (about 18, 58, 83, and 130 kHz, though variable over the dataset) thought to be from the station seawater pumps (>100 m away within the jetty’s well casing), and intermittent noises from tracked-vehicles and helicopters (September–February), SCUBA divers (October–December), and ships (January). Given hosting limitations, only every 6th file (roughly 10min/hour) has been archived here. Additional data can be obtained by contacting the primary author of the dataset, who will maintain it for as long as possible. Audio spectrogram images (PNGs) at three frequency ranges (three stacked panels per image, upper limits of 2.5, 25, and 256 kHz) from the entire dataset (all data, not subsampled) are also archived separately.	["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"]	["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"]	false	false
Long-term underwater images from around a single mooring site in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)	1644196	2020-12-29	Cziko, Paul	Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	Long-term images taken by the camera from the McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory mooring in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica during its 2-year deployment (2017-2019). The mooring was situated at the seawater terminus of the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty at 21 m deep, typically under thick sea ice cover. The automated 360° pan-tilt-zoom (ptz) camera, inside of an air-filled self-cleaning dome, was programmed to move to 42 ptz "waypoints" every hour and take a still 1920x1080 JPG image for archiving. Lights, oriented in one direction only, illuminated a rock/rubble slope for much of each winter, when there was no natural illumination. The camera was situated on a concrete block, which elevated the camera about 1m off of the seabed. Motile and sessile benthic biota, including notothenioid fishes, anemones, pycnogonids, asteroids, soft-corals, sponges, and nudibranchs are commonly seen in the images. Some ptz waypoints survey the water column and underside of the sea ice, capturing also the presence of larval/juvenile fishes and other plankton/nekton in the water column. Maximum intervals between subsequent images from the same ptz waypoint were about 1 hour, though many waypoints were captured at somewhat higher frequency. Interval images, taken at 5-min intervals irrespective of camera orientation, were also captured. Images are occasionally obscured/impacted by the camera dome's wiper, darkness, low visibility, minor fouling of the camera dome, and out-of-focus lens elements.	["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"]	["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"]	false	false
Supraglacial Lakes in Antarctica	1643715	2020-12-10	Moussavi, Mahsa; Pope, Allen; Trusel, Luke; Abdalati, Waleed; Halberstadt, Anna Ruth	Collaborative Research: Water on the Antarctic Ice Sheet: Quantifying Surface Melt and Mapping Supraglacial Lakes	This dataset contains extents and depths of supraglacial lakes on ice shelves across the Antarctic ice sheet, mapped from Landsat 8 imagery collected over the 2013-2020 period.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Temperature, accumulation rate, and layer thinning from the South Pole ice core (SPC14)	1443105	2020-10-28	Kahle, Emma; Steig, Eric J.; Jones, Tyler R.; Fudge, T. J.; Koutnik, Michelle; Morris, Valerie; Vaughn, Bruce; Schauer, Andrew; Stevens, Max; Conway, Howard; Waddington, Edwin D.; Buizert, Christo; Epifanio, Jenna; White, James	Collaborative Research: A 1500m Ice Core from South Pole Collaborative Research: Record of the Triple-oxygen Isotope and Hydrogen Isotope Composition of Ice from an Ice Core at South Pole	This data set provides the input and output data used in Kahle et al. 2020 to reconstruct climate variables at the South Pole. The files below include high resolution water isotopes, water isotope diffusion length, and various reconstructions of temperature, accumulation rate, and thinning function for the SPC14 ice core. An inverse approach was used to combine information from water isotope diffusion length, Dage, and annual-layer thickness to solve for temperature, accumulation rate, and thinning function. Corrections were applied to account for the advection of ice from upstream to yield estimates for the South Pole site. Updated data for Hires_Water_Isotopes_halfcm.txt is available at www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601429.	["POINT(180 -90)"]	["POINT(180 -90)"]	false	false
Vulnerability of Antarctica’s ice shelves to meltwater-driven fracture	1743310	2020-10-24	Lai, Ching-Yao	Satellite observations and modelling of surface meltwater flow and its impact on ice shelves	This data set contains the results presented in Lai et al. (2020), including; the 125m-resolution fracture map, the spatial distribution of fracture depths and the required initial flaw size for hydrofracture, which is calculated using linear elastic fracture mechanics (LEFM) according to the ice-shelf stress fields and thickness. The dimensionless stress (Rxx_bar, defined in Lai et al. (2020)) governs how fractures behave. Using a dimensionless stress criteria we have determined which ice-shelf areas are vulnerable to hydrofracture if inundated with melt water (Rxx_bar >Rxx*_bar).	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
ANTAEM project airborne EM resistivity data from McMurdo Region	1644187	2020-09-12	Tulaczyk, Slawek	Collaborative Research: Antarctic Airborne ElectroMagnetics (ANTAEM) - Revealing Subsurface Water in Coastal Antarctica	The ANTAEM survey was carried out in the period November 12th to 28th, 2018, with the SkyTEM 312 system. Twenty-one missions (flights) were conducted over 11 production days of helicopter service, resulting in a total of approximately ~3400 line km of data. The SkyTEM system records data from take-off until landing resulting in multiple lines converging to the landing pads in McMurdo and at Marble Point. The production without overlapping lines adds up to approximately 2900 line km. The flight speed was approximately 120 km/h at a target flight altitude of ~50 m (sensor height), but the actual sensor height varies depending on the terrain. The surveys were carried out with a Bell 212 helicopter, which carried the SkyTEM sensor as a sling load. The SkyTEM system was configured in a standard two-moment setup (low moment, LM and high moment, HM). Areas with extremely resistive dry and/or frozen sediment/bedrock, and glacier ice often produce EM-signals with amplitudes below the detection level of the system. Data from these low signal environments cannot be inverted into resistivity models. Data with strong induced polarization effects cannot be inverted for resistivity either. These data were discharged in this standard data delivery. The EM-data and inversion result (resistivity models) are delivered in the SkyTEM2018_dat.xyz and SkyTEM2018_inv.xyz files respectably. The RECORD number in the two files links data and model together. EM-data and data uncertainty for data entering inversion. Info stated in file Header: NAN value, Data unit, Coordinate system, Gate times. The SkyTEM system uses at High-Low moment data recording cycle, therefore only a subset of the total 40 time gates are preset for each moment. The standard lateral constraints inversion (LCI), delivered in the SkyTEM2018_inv.xyz file, was carried out with a smooth 30 layered resistivity model discretized to a depth of 500 m. A depth of investigation (DOI) was estimated for each resistivity model.	["POLYGON((161 -76.9,161.75 -76.9,162.5 -76.9,163.25 -76.9,164 -76.9,164.75 -76.9,165.5 -76.9,166.25 -76.9,167 -76.9,167.75 -76.9,168.5 -76.9,168.5 -77.04,168.5 -77.18,168.5 -77.32,168.5 -77.46,168.5 -77.6,168.5 -77.74,168.5 -77.88,168.5 -78.02,168.5 -78.16,168.5 -78.3,167.75 -78.3,167 -78.3,166.25 -78.3,165.5 -78.3,164.75 -78.3,164 -78.3,163.25 -78.3,162.5 -78.3,161.75 -78.3,161 -78.3,161 -78.16,161 -78.02,161 -77.88,161 -77.74,161 -77.6,161 -77.46,161 -77.32,161 -77.18,161 -77.04,161 -76.9))"]	["POINT(164.75 -77.6)"]	false	false
ICECAP Basal Interface Specularity Content Profiles: IPY and OIB	0636724 1543452 0733025 1443690	2020-08-24	Young, Duncan A.; Blankenship, Donald D.; Roberts, Jason; Siegert, Martin; van Ommen, Tas; Greenbaum, Jamin; Schroeder, Dustin	East Antarctic Grounding Line Experiment (EAGLE) Collaborative Research: Synthesis of Thwaites Glacier Dynamics: Diagnostic and Prognostic Sensitivity Studies of a West Antarctic Outlet System Collaborative Research: Southern Plateau Ice-sheet Characterization and Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (SPICECAP) IPY Research: Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP)	The International Collaborative Exploration of the Cryosphere though Airborne Profiling (ICECAP) collected five seasons of aerogeophysical data data through the NSFs International Polar Year and NASAs Operation Ice Bridge programs in East Antarctica, using the coherent HiCARS 60 MHz radar system. By comparing echo strengths for different focusing apertures, and accounting for the ranges and angles involved, we can derive the "specularity content" of the bed echo, a proxy for small scale bed roughness and a good indicator for subglacial water pressure in regions of distributed subglacial water (Schroeder et al., 2014, IEEE GRSL, 10.1109/LGRS.2014.2337878; IEEE; Dow et al., 2019, EPSL https://doi.org/10.1016/j.epsl.2019.115961). Specularity data are inherently noisy, so these products have been smoothed with a 1 km filter.	["POLYGON((80 -65,89 -65,98 -65,107 -65,116 -65,125 -65,134 -65,143 -65,152 -65,161 -65,170 -65,170 -66.5,170 -68,170 -69.5,170 -71,170 -72.5,170 -74,170 -75.5,170 -77,170 -78.5,170 -80,161 -80,152 -80,143 -80,134 -80,125 -80,116 -80,107 -80,98 -80,89 -80,80 -80,80 -78.5,80 -77,80 -75.5,80 -74,80 -72.5,80 -71,80 -69.5,80 -68,80 -66.5,80 -65))"]	["POINT(125 -72.5)"]	false	false
Resampling of Deep Polar Ice Cores using Information Theory	1043167	2020-07-27	Jones, Tyler R.; Morris, Valerie; Garland, Joshua; Vaughn, Bruce; White, James	Collaborative Research: Stable Isotopes of Ice in the Transition and Glacial Sections of the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core	The original water stable isotope data for the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core was generated under the University of Colorado INSTAAR Stable Isotope Lab (NSF Award# 1443328). This data set contains high-resolution dD and d18O data for the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Ice core. Drilling was initiated in 2006 and completed in 2011, and subsequent analyses on the ice were performed at the University of Colorado INSTAAR Stable Isotope Lab using Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA), completed in 2015 and described in Jones et al. (2017). The targeted resampling of the WAIS Divide Ice core (1035.4 to 1368.2 m) was completed in 2019 (NSF OPP - Antarctic Glaciology 1807522) to replace data analyzed on an older generation Laser Absorption Spectroscopy instrument. The resampling interval was identified using information theory (Garland and Jones et al. 2018).	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]	false	false
NBP0505 sediment core locations	0338137	2020-07-17	Wellner, Julia; Anderson, John	Collaborative Research: Controls on Sediment Yields from Tidewater Glaciers from Patagonia to Antarctica	Excel file with station names, location and water depth and description of the coring device for NBP0505.	["POLYGON((-76 -45.5,-75.2 -45.5,-74.4 -45.5,-73.6 -45.5,-72.8 -45.5,-72 -45.5,-71.2 -45.5,-70.4 -45.5,-69.6 -45.5,-68.8 -45.5,-68 -45.5,-68 -46.43,-68 -47.36,-68 -48.29,-68 -49.22,-68 -50.15,-68 -51.08,-68 -52.01,-68 -52.94,-68 -53.87,-68 -54.8,-68.8 -54.8,-69.6 -54.8,-70.4 -54.8,-71.2 -54.8,-72 -54.8,-72.8 -54.8,-73.6 -54.8,-74.4 -54.8,-75.2 -54.8,-76 -54.8,-76 -53.87,-76 -52.94,-76 -52.01,-76 -51.08,-76 -50.15,-76 -49.22,-76 -48.29,-76 -47.36,-76 -46.43,-76 -45.5))"]	["POINT(-72 -50.15)"]	false	false
NBP0505 CTD data	0338137	2020-07-17	Wellner, Julia; Anderson, John	Collaborative Research: Controls on Sediment Yields from Tidewater Glaciers from Patagonia to Antarctica	Raw CTD data from expedition NBP0505 collected with the Aanderaa and Seacat CTD systems	["POLYGON((-76 -45.5,-75.2 -45.5,-74.4 -45.5,-73.6 -45.5,-72.8 -45.5,-72 -45.5,-71.2 -45.5,-70.4 -45.5,-69.6 -45.5,-68.8 -45.5,-68 -45.5,-68 -46.43,-68 -47.36,-68 -48.29,-68 -49.22,-68 -50.15,-68 -51.08,-68 -52.01,-68 -52.94,-68 -53.87,-68 -54.8,-68.8 -54.8,-69.6 -54.8,-70.4 -54.8,-71.2 -54.8,-72 -54.8,-72.8 -54.8,-73.6 -54.8,-74.4 -54.8,-75.2 -54.8,-76 -54.8,-76 -53.87,-76 -52.94,-76 -52.01,-76 -51.08,-76 -50.15,-76 -49.22,-76 -48.29,-76 -47.36,-76 -46.43,-76 -45.5))"]	["POINT(-72 -50.15)"]	false	false
Processed CurrentMeter Data from the Adare Basin near Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1101	0839039 0538148	2020-06-25	Huber, Bruce; Gordon, Arnold	Cape Adare Long-term Mooring (CALM) Collaborate Research:Modified Circumpolar Deep Water Intrusions as an Iron Source to the Summer Ross Sea Ecosystem	This data set was acquired with a CurrentMeter during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1101 conducted in 2011 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Josh Kohut; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Temperature, Current Measurement, and Salinity data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Ross Sea Expedition, and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT08-39039.	["POLYGON((172 -71,172.1 -71,172.2 -71,172.3 -71,172.4 -71,172.5 -71,172.6 -71,172.7 -71,172.8 -71,172.9 -71,173 -71,173 -71.1,173 -71.2,173 -71.3,173 -71.4,173 -71.5,173 -71.6,173 -71.7,173 -71.8,173 -71.9,173 -72,172.9 -72,172.8 -72,172.7 -72,172.6 -72,172.5 -72,172.4 -72,172.3 -72,172.2 -72,172.1 -72,172 -72,172 -71.9,172 -71.8,172 -71.7,172 -71.6,172 -71.5,172 -71.4,172 -71.3,172 -71.2,172 -71.1,172 -71))"]	["POINT(172.5 -71.5)"]	false	false
Processed Fluid Chemistry Data from the Ross Sea acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601A	0087401	2020-06-25	Asper, Vernon; Smith, Walker	Interannual Variability in the Antarctic-Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients and Seasonal Production	This data set was acquired with a Niskin Bottle Fluid Sampler during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601A conducted in 2006 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Walker Smith). The data files are in XLS format and include Fluid Chemistry data that has not been processed. The data was acquired as part of the project called Interannual Variability in the Antarctic - Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients.	["POLYGON((-180 -76,-179.6 -76,-179.2 -76,-178.8 -76,-178.4 -76,-178 -76,-177.6 -76,-177.2 -76,-176.8 -76,-176.4 -76,-176 -76,-176 -76.2,-176 -76.4,-176 -76.6,-176 -76.8,-176 -77,-176 -77.2,-176 -77.4,-176 -77.6,-176 -77.8,-176 -78,-176.4 -78,-176.8 -78,-177.2 -78,-177.6 -78,-178 -78,-178.4 -78,-178.8 -78,-179.2 -78,-179.6 -78,180 -78,178.5 -78,177 -78,175.5 -78,174 -78,172.5 -78,171 -78,169.5 -78,168 -78,166.5 -78,165 -78,165 -77.8,165 -77.6,165 -77.4,165 -77.2,165 -77,165 -76.8,165 -76.6,165 -76.4,165 -76.2,165 -76,166.5 -76,168 -76,169.5 -76,171 -76,172.5 -76,174 -76,175.5 -76,177 -76,178.5 -76,-180 -76))"]	["POINT(174.5 -77)"]	false	false
Processed Fluid Chemistry Data from the Ross Sea acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601	0338097 0338157	2020-06-25	DiTullio, Giacomo; Smith, Walker	Collaborative Research: Interactive Effects of Iron, Light and Carbon Dioxide on Phytoplankton Community Dynamics in the Ross Sea	This data set was acquired with a Niskin Bottle Fluid Sampler during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601 conducted in 2005 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Giacomo DiTullio). The data files are in XLS format and include Fluid Chemistry data that have been processed. The data was acquired as part of the project called Interaction of iron, light and CO2 on phytoplankton community dynamics in the Ross Sea. Funding was provided by NSF grants: ANT03-38097, ANT03-38157, ANT03-38164, and ANT03-38350.	["POLYGON((-180 -76,-179.7 -76,-179.4 -76,-179.1 -76,-178.8 -76,-178.5 -76,-178.2 -76,-177.9 -76,-177.6 -76,-177.3 -76,-177 -76,-177 -76.2,-177 -76.4,-177 -76.6,-177 -76.8,-177 -77,-177 -77.2,-177 -77.4,-177 -77.6,-177 -77.8,-177 -78,-177.3 -78,-177.6 -78,-177.9 -78,-178.2 -78,-178.5 -78,-178.8 -78,-179.1 -78,-179.4 -78,-179.7 -78,180 -78,178.5 -78,177 -78,175.5 -78,174 -78,172.5 -78,171 -78,169.5 -78,168 -78,166.5 -78,165 -78,165 -77.8,165 -77.6,165 -77.4,165 -77.2,165 -77,165 -76.8,165 -76.6,165 -76.4,165 -76.2,165 -76,166.5 -76,168 -76,169.5 -76,171 -76,172.5 -76,174 -76,175.5 -76,177 -76,178.5 -76,-180 -76))"]	["POINT(174 -77)"]	false	false
The rise and fall of an ancient Adelie penguin 'supercolony' at Cape Adare, Antarctica	1443386	2020-06-02	McKenzie, Ashley; Patterson, William; Emslie, Steven	Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators	We report new discoveries and radiocarbon dates on active and abandoned Adélie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colonies at Cape Adare, Antarctica. This colony, first established at approximately 2000 BP (calendar years before present, i.e. 1950), is currently the largest for this species with approximately 338 000 breeding pairs, most located on lowlying Ridley Beach. We hypothesize that this colony first formed after fast ice began blocking open-water access by breeding penguins to the Scott Coast in the southern Ross Sea during a cooling period also at approximately 2000 BP. Our results suggest that the new colony at Cape Adare continued to grow, expanding to a large upper terrace above Ridley Beach, until it exceeded approximately 500 000 breeding pairs (a 'supercolony') by approximately 1200 BP. The high marine productivity associated with the Ross Sea polynya and continental shelf break supported this growth, but the colony collapsed to its present size for unknown reasons after approximately 1200 BP. Ridley Beach will probably be abandoned in the near future due to rising sea level in this region. We predict that penguins will retreat to higher elevations at Cape Adare and that the Scott Coast will be reoccupied by breeding penguins as fast ice continues to dissipate earlier each summer, restoring open-water access to beaches there.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -61.130769444,-180 -62.261538888,-180 -63.392308332,-180 -64.523077776,-180 -65.65384722,-180 -66.784616664,-180 -67.915386108,-180 -69.046155552,-180 -70.176924996,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,180 -71.30769444,179.019305556 -71.30769444,178.038611112 -71.30769444,177.057916668 -71.30769444,176.077222224 -71.30769444,175.09652778 -71.30769444,174.115833336 -71.30769444,173.135138892 -71.30769444,172.154444448 -71.30769444,171.173750004 -71.30769444,170.19305556 -71.30769444,170.19305556 -70.176924996,170.19305556 -69.046155552,170.19305556 -67.915386108,170.19305556 -66.784616664,170.19305556 -65.65384722,170.19305556 -64.523077776,170.19305556 -63.392308332,170.19305556 -62.261538888,170.19305556 -61.130769444,170.19305556 -60,171.173750004 -60,172.154444448 -60,173.135138892 -60,174.115833336 -60,175.09652778 -60,176.077222224 -60,177.057916668 -60,178.038611112 -60,179.019305556 -60,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(175.09652778 -65.65384722)"]	false	false
Mid-Holocene high-resolution water isotope time series for the WAIS Divide ice core	1807522	2020-05-26	Morris, Valerie; Jones, Tyler R.; Vaughn, Bruce; White, James	Collaborative Research: Targeted resampling of deep polar ice cores using information theory	The original water stable isotope data for the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core was generated under the University of Colorado INSTAAR Stable Isotope Lab (NSF Award# 1443328). This data set contains high-resolution dD and d18O data for the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Ice core. Drilling was initiated in 2006 and completed in 2011, and subsequent analyses on the ice were performed at the University of Colorado INSTAAR Stable Isotope Lab using Continuous Flow Analysis (CFA). The targeted resampling of the WAIS Divide Ice core (1035.4 - 1368.2m) occurred for this grant (NSF OPP - Antarctic Glaciology 1807522) to replace data analyzed on an older generation Laser Absorption Spectroscopy instrument. The resampling interval was identified using information theory.	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]	false	false
Eddy covariance air-sea momentum, heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes in the Southern Ocean from the N.B. Palmer cruise NBP1210	1043623	2020-05-01	Miller, Scott; Butterworth, Brian	Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean	This dataset contains meteorological and air-sea flux data (momentum, heat, and CO2 fluxes; CO2 gas transfer velocity) collected during the the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1210 conducted in 2013. The files are of XLS format	["POLYGON((-180 -57,-169.5 -57,-159 -57,-148.5 -57,-138 -57,-127.5 -57,-117 -57,-106.5 -57,-96 -57,-85.5 -57,-75 -57,-75 -59.1,-75 -61.2,-75 -63.3,-75 -65.4,-75 -67.5,-75 -69.6,-75 -71.7,-75 -73.8,-75 -75.9,-75 -78,-85.5 -78,-96 -78,-106.5 -78,-117 -78,-127.5 -78,-138 -78,-148.5 -78,-159 -78,-169.5 -78,180 -78,178.3 -78,176.6 -78,174.9 -78,173.2 -78,171.5 -78,169.8 -78,168.1 -78,166.4 -78,164.7 -78,163 -78,163 -75.9,163 -73.8,163 -71.7,163 -69.6,163 -67.5,163 -65.4,163 -63.3,163 -61.2,163 -59.1,163 -57,164.7 -57,166.4 -57,168.1 -57,169.8 -57,171.5 -57,173.2 -57,174.9 -57,176.6 -57,178.3 -57,-180 -57))"]	["POINT(-136 -67.5)"]	false	false
Eddy covariance air-sea momentum, heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes in the Southern Ocean from the N.B. Palmer cruise NBP1402	1043623	2020-05-01	Miller, Scott; Butterworth, Brian	Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean	This dataset contains meteorological and air-sea flux data (momentum, heat, and CO2 fluxes; CO2 gas transfer velocity) collected during the the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1402 conducted in 2014. The files are of XLS format.	["POLYGON((117.5 -47,120.35 -47,123.2 -47,126.05 -47,128.9 -47,131.75 -47,134.6 -47,137.45 -47,140.3 -47,143.15 -47,146 -47,146 -49.04,146 -51.08,146 -53.12,146 -55.16,146 -57.2,146 -59.24,146 -61.28,146 -63.32,146 -65.36,146 -67.4,143.15 -67.4,140.3 -67.4,137.45 -67.4,134.6 -67.4,131.75 -67.4,128.9 -67.4,126.05 -67.4,123.2 -67.4,120.35 -67.4,117.5 -67.4,117.5 -65.36,117.5 -63.32,117.5 -61.28,117.5 -59.24,117.5 -57.2,117.5 -55.16,117.5 -53.12,117.5 -51.08,117.5 -49.04,117.5 -47))"]	["POINT(131.75 -57.2)"]	false	false
Bottom Photographs from the Antarctic Peninsula acquired during R/V Laurence M. Gould expedition LMG1703	1558448 1341496	2020-04-30	Girton, James	Collaborative Research: Pathways of Circumpolar Deep Water to West Antarctica from Profiling Float and Satellite Measurements	This data set was acquired with a Nikon Camera on a towed YoYo camera platform during R/V Laurence M. Gould expedition LMG1703 conducted in 2017. The data are on Jpeg format	["POLYGON((-65 -62,-64.55 -62,-64.1 -62,-63.65 -62,-63.2 -62,-62.75 -62,-62.3 -62,-61.85 -62,-61.4 -62,-60.95 -62,-60.5 -62,-60.5 -62.35,-60.5 -62.7,-60.5 -63.05,-60.5 -63.4,-60.5 -63.75,-60.5 -64.1,-60.5 -64.45,-60.5 -64.8,-60.5 -65.15,-60.5 -65.5,-60.95 -65.5,-61.4 -65.5,-61.85 -65.5,-62.3 -65.5,-62.75 -65.5,-63.2 -65.5,-63.65 -65.5,-64.1 -65.5,-64.55 -65.5,-65 -65.5,-65 -65.15,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.45,-65 -64.1,-65 -63.75,-65 -63.4,-65 -63.05,-65 -62.7,-65 -62.35,-65 -62))"]	["POINT(-62.75 -63.75)"]	false	false
Particle composition measurements from along 170°W between 67-54°S	1341464 1341432	2020-04-09	Robinson, Rebecca; Brzezinski, Mark	Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump	This dataset contains profiles of water column particulate organic carbon (POC), total particulate nitrogen (TPN), biogenic silica, and d15N of TPN from McLane pump casts (4 depths/cast).	["POLYGON((-175 -54,-174 -54,-173 -54,-172 -54,-171 -54,-170 -54,-169 -54,-168 -54,-167 -54,-166 -54,-165 -54,-165 -55.3,-165 -56.6,-165 -57.9,-165 -59.2,-165 -60.5,-165 -61.8,-165 -63.1,-165 -64.4,-165 -65.7,-165 -67,-166 -67,-167 -67,-168 -67,-169 -67,-170 -67,-171 -67,-172 -67,-173 -67,-174 -67,-175 -67,-175 -65.7,-175 -64.4,-175 -63.1,-175 -61.8,-175 -60.5,-175 -59.2,-175 -57.9,-175 -56.6,-175 -55.3,-175 -54))"]	["POINT(-170 -60.5)"]	false	false
High-resolution benthic seawater temperature record 1999-2012 (25-40m depth) from near intake jetty at McMurdo Station, Antarctica	1142158 0231006	2020-04-08	Cheng, Chi-Hing; Cziko, Paul; Devries, Arthur	Antarctic Notothenioid Fish Freeze Avoidance and Genome-wide Evolution for Life in the Cold	Benthic seawater temperature (within 10cm of the bottom) from near the McMurdo Station, Ross Island, Antarctica saltwater intake jetty. Data collected at two nearby locations: On muddy bottom at base of artificial rock jetty (~25m depth), and ~50m west of the Jetty in sponge/spicule mat habitat (~40m depth).	["POLYGON((163 -76.5,163.5 -76.5,164 -76.5,164.5 -76.5,165 -76.5,165.5 -76.5,166 -76.5,166.5 -76.5,167 -76.5,167.5 -76.5,168 -76.5,168 -76.63,168 -76.76,168 -76.89,168 -77.02,168 -77.15,168 -77.28,168 -77.41,168 -77.54,168 -77.67,168 -77.8,167.5 -77.8,167 -77.8,166.5 -77.8,166 -77.8,165.5 -77.8,165 -77.8,164.5 -77.8,164 -77.8,163.5 -77.8,163 -77.8,163 -77.67,163 -77.54,163 -77.41,163 -77.28,163 -77.15,163 -77.02,163 -76.89,163 -76.76,163 -76.63,163 -76.5))"]	["POINT(165.5 -77.15)"]	false	false
Dissolved nutrient profiles from along 170°W between 67 and 54°S	1341432 1341464	2020-03-31	Robinson, Rebecca; Brzezinski, Mark	Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump	This dataset contains the water column profiles of dissolved nutrients, NO3, PO4, dissolved Si, biogenic Si, lithogenic Si, chlorophyll and phaeophytin concentrations, and the d15NO3.	["POLYGON((-175 -54,-174 -54,-173 -54,-172 -54,-171 -54,-170 -54,-169 -54,-168 -54,-167 -54,-166 -54,-165 -54,-165 -55.3,-165 -56.6,-165 -57.9,-165 -59.2,-165 -60.5,-165 -61.8,-165 -63.1,-165 -64.4,-165 -65.7,-165 -67,-166 -67,-167 -67,-168 -67,-169 -67,-170 -67,-171 -67,-172 -67,-173 -67,-174 -67,-175 -67,-175 -65.7,-175 -64.4,-175 -63.1,-175 -61.8,-175 -60.5,-175 -59.2,-175 -57.9,-175 -56.6,-175 -55.3,-175 -54))"]	["POINT(-170 -60.5)"]	false	false
SPICEcore Advection	1443471	2020-03-25	Fudge, T. J.	Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core	The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore), which spans the past 54,300 years, was drilled far from an ice divide such that ice recovered at depth originated upstream of the core site. If the climate is different upstream, the climate history recovered from the core will be a combination of the upstream conditions advected to the core site and temporal changes. Here, we evaluate the impact of ice advection on two fundamental records from SPICEcore: accumulation rate and water isotopes. We determined past locations of ice deposition based on GPS measurements of the modern velocity field spanning 100 km upstream, where ice of ~20 ka age would likely have originated. Beyond 100 km, there are no velocity measurements, but ice likely originates from Titan Dome, an additional 90 km distant. Shallow radar measurements extending 100 km upstream from the core site reveal large (~20%) variations in accumulation but no significant trend. Water isotope ratios, measured at 12.5 km intervals for the first 100 km of the flowline, show a decrease with elevation of -0.008‰ m-1 for δ18O. Advection adds approximately 1‰ for δ18O to the LGM-to-modern change. We also use an existing ensemble of continental ice-sheet model runs to assess the ice sheet elevation change through time. The magnitude of elevation change is likely small and the sign uncertain. Assuming a lapse rate of 10°C per km of elevation, the inference of LGM-to-modern temperature change is ~1.4°C smaller than if the flow from upstream is not considered.	["POINT(-98.16 -89.99)"]	["POINT(-98.16 -89.99)"]	false	false
NBP1402 diatom data	1143836	2020-02-27	NBP1402 science party; Leventer, Amy	Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics	Totten Glacier is the termination of the largest marine-based portion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, the Aurora Subglacial Basin. Yet little is known about the glacial evolution of the catchment and the factors influencing its present and past behavior. Due its remote location and heavy sea ice, the continental shelf in front of the Totten Glacier had not been comprehensively surveyed prior to this study. Satellite observations indicate that the Totten ice drainage system is thinning, and it has been hypothesized that this thinning is in response to undermelting by warm ocean waters over the continental shelf. While this process is observed elsewhere in Antarctica (e.g. the rapidly retreating Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica), the Totten Glacier system is potentially Antarcticas most important glacial drainage system due to its large size; it is three times larger than any system in West Antarctica. </br>The main goals of this proposal were: </br>To generate multibeam bathymetric maps of the continental shelf proximal to the Totten Glacier system to understand the recent regional glacial history and to document the pathways, if any, for circumpolar deep water to move onto the shelf. </br>To conduct a physical oceanographic survey of the region proximal to the Totten Glacier system, to determine the presence, if any, of warm ocean waters over the continental shelf.</br>To conduct a seismic survey of the continental shelf to assess the long-term evolution of the glacial system in the Aurora Subglacial Basin.</br>To collect marine sediment cores to determine the regional deglacial to Holocene climate history and the influence of warm circumpolar deep water.	["POLYGON((117 -66,119.9 -66,122.8 -66,125.7 -66,128.6 -66,131.5 -66,134.4 -66,137.3 -66,140.2 -66,143.1 -66,146 -66,146 -66.1,146 -66.2,146 -66.3,146 -66.4,146 -66.5,146 -66.6,146 -66.7,146 -66.8,146 -66.9,146 -67,143.1 -67,140.2 -67,137.3 -67,134.4 -67,131.5 -67,128.6 -67,125.7 -67,122.8 -67,119.9 -67,117 -67,117 -66.9,117 -66.8,117 -66.7,117 -66.6,117 -66.5,117 -66.4,117 -66.3,117 -66.2,117 -66.1,117 -66))"]	["POINT(131.5 -66.5)"]	false	false
Ross Sea ocean model simulation used to support ROSETTA-Ice	1443677	2020-02-14	Springer, Scott; Howard, Susan L.; Padman, Laurence	Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE)	This dataset contains a regional ocean-ice shelf model used to support and interpret the ROSETTA-Ice field program. A gzipped tar file containing the regional ROMS model code, configuration files, input files, and selected output files. The model simulation covers three years following a ten year spin up. Two sets of output files from the simulation are included. The first is the complete model output (T,S,u,v, etc.) averaged over 30 day intervals. The second is selected variable (T, S, and passive dye tracers) averaged over one day. Included Matlab scripts process these daily passive dye files into water masses and make a simple movie of the time evolution of the water mass distributions. For futher information, see the Supplemental Information of the associated publication (Tinto et al., 2019).	["POLYGON((-180 -68,-175.85 -68,-171.7 -68,-167.55 -68,-163.4 -68,-159.25 -68,-155.1 -68,-150.95 -68,-146.8 -68,-142.65 -68,-138.5 -68,-138.5 -69.7,-138.5 -71.4,-138.5 -73.1,-138.5 -74.8,-138.5 -76.5,-138.5 -78.2,-138.5 -79.9,-138.5 -81.6,-138.5 -83.3,-138.5 -85,-142.65 -85,-146.8 -85,-150.95 -85,-155.1 -85,-159.25 -85,-163.4 -85,-167.55 -85,-171.7 -85,-175.85 -85,180 -85,177.4 -85,174.8 -85,172.2 -85,169.6 -85,167 -85,164.4 -85,161.8 -85,159.2 -85,156.6 -85,154 -85,154 -83.3,154 -81.6,154 -79.9,154 -78.2,154 -76.5,154 -74.8,154 -73.1,154 -71.4,154 -69.7,154 -68,156.6 -68,159.2 -68,161.8 -68,164.4 -68,167 -68,169.6 -68,172.2 -68,174.8 -68,177.4 -68,-180 -68))"]	["POINT(-172.25 -76.5)"]	false	false
Location and Description of Tephra Samples from the Erebus and Discovery Sub-provinces	1644020 1644027 1644013	2020-02-08	Pamukcu, Ayla; Gaetani, Glenn	Collaborative Research: Determining Magma Storage Depths and Ascent Rates for the Erebus Volcanic Province, Antarctica Using Diffusive Water Loss from Olivine-hosted Melt Inclusion		[]	[]	false	false
CATS2008: Circum-Antarctic Tidal Simulation version 2008	1443677 9896041	2019-12-19	Howard, Susan L.; Padman, Laurence; Erofeeva, Svetlana	Ocean Tides around Antarctica and in the Southern Ocean Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE)	CATS2008 is a regional inverse barotropic tide model for the circum-Antarctic ocean on a 4 km grid. The model domain includes ocean cavities under the floating ice shelves. The coastline is based on the MODIS MOA [Scambos et al., 2007; Remote Sensing of Environment] feature identification files, adjusted to match ICESat-derived grounding lines for the Ross and Filchner-Ronne ice shelves and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) grounding lines. The water depth map for open water is based on the 2007 release update to Smith and Sandwell [1997; Science]. Adjustments to this map have been made in various regions, including the open continental shelf in front of the Larsen-C Ice Shelf which has been blended with GEBCO bathymetry. Model type: Tides only; Inverse (data assimilation); barotropic (no vertical variation of currents). Grid: 4-km uniform polar stereographic (centered at 71 degrees S, 70 degrees W) Constituents: M2, S2, N2, K2, K1, O1, P1, Q1, Mf, Mm. Units: z (sea surface height; meters); u,v (currents; cm/s); U,V (transports; m2/s). Coordinates: Currents (u, v) and depth-integrated transports (U, V) are given as East (u, U) and North (v, V) components. Citation: "… an update to the inverse model described by Padman et al. [2002]." See CATS2008_README.pdf for further details.	["POLYGON((-180 -40.231,-144 -40.231,-108 -40.231,-72 -40.231,-36 -40.231,0 -40.231,36 -40.231,72 -40.231,108 -40.231,144 -40.231,180 -40.231,180 -45.2079,180 -50.1848,180 -55.1617,180 -60.1386,180 -65.1155,180 -70.0924,180 -75.0693,180 -80.0462,180 -85.0231,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -85.0231,-180 -80.0462,-180 -75.0693,-180 -70.0924,-180 -65.1155,-180 -60.1386,-180 -55.1617,-180 -50.1848,-180 -45.2079,-180 -40.231))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Aerial survey of Explorers Cove shoreline, late January 2005	1341612	2019-12-05	Bowser, Samuel; Alexander, Steve	Assembling and Mining the Genomes of Giant Antarctic Foraminifera	Photographs taken from helo operating at 500 ft of the shoreline bounding Explorers Cove in late January, illustrating typical sea ice conditions, extent of shoreline moat, ephemeral snow melt input, nearshore small ponds and tide pools, Commonwealth and Wales Glacier deltas, evaporite deposits, and landslides along the northern/northeastern slopes of Mount Barnes.	["POINT(163.5117 -77.57623)"]	["POINT(163.5117 -77.57623)"]	false	false
Biogenic silica concentrations from the Ross Sea	1644073	2019-11-13	Ditullio, Giacomo; Schanke, Nicole	Collaborative Research: Cobalamin and Iron Co-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Species in Terra Nova Bay	Biogenic silica concentrations collected from CTD casts during RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise in the Ross Sea, Southern Ocean from December 2017-February 2018	["POLYGON((-180 -72.45,-179.354 -72.45,-178.708 -72.45,-178.062 -72.45,-177.416 -72.45,-176.77 -72.45,-176.124 -72.45,-175.478 -72.45,-174.832 -72.45,-174.186 -72.45,-173.54 -72.45,-173.54 -73.068,-173.54 -73.686,-173.54 -74.304,-173.54 -74.922,-173.54 -75.54,-173.54 -76.158,-173.54 -76.776,-173.54 -77.394,-173.54 -78.012,-173.54 -78.63,-174.186 -78.63,-174.832 -78.63,-175.478 -78.63,-176.124 -78.63,-176.77 -78.63,-177.416 -78.63,-178.062 -78.63,-178.708 -78.63,-179.354 -78.63,180 -78.63,179.818 -78.63,179.636 -78.63,179.454 -78.63,179.272 -78.63,179.09 -78.63,178.908 -78.63,178.726 -78.63,178.544 -78.63,178.362 -78.63,178.18 -78.63,178.18 -78.012,178.18 -77.394,178.18 -76.776,178.18 -76.158,178.18 -75.54,178.18 -74.922,178.18 -74.304,178.18 -73.686,178.18 -73.068,178.18 -72.45,178.362 -72.45,178.544 -72.45,178.726 -72.45,178.908 -72.45,179.09 -72.45,179.272 -72.45,179.454 -72.45,179.636 -72.45,179.818 -72.45,-180 -72.45))"]	["POINT(-177.68 -75.54)"]	false	false
Plocamium cartilagineum field chemotyping	1341339	2019-10-09	Baker, Bill	Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing	Samples of the red alga Plocamium cartilagineum were collected from the area around Palmer Station, Antarctica, and characterized by gas chromatography for their secondary metabolite content. Patterns in secondary metabolite content were used to establish chemical phenotypes (chemotypes).	["POLYGON((-64.03 -64.254,-64.0286 -64.254,-64.0272 -64.254,-64.0258 -64.254,-64.0244 -64.254,-64.023 -64.254,-64.0216 -64.254,-64.0202 -64.254,-64.0188 -64.254,-64.0174 -64.254,-64.016 -64.254,-64.016 -64.2543,-64.016 -64.2546,-64.016 -64.2549,-64.016 -64.2552,-64.016 -64.2555,-64.016 -64.2558,-64.016 -64.2561,-64.016 -64.2564,-64.016 -64.2567,-64.016 -64.257,-64.0174 -64.257,-64.0188 -64.257,-64.0202 -64.257,-64.0216 -64.257,-64.023 -64.257,-64.0244 -64.257,-64.0258 -64.257,-64.0272 -64.257,-64.0286 -64.257,-64.03 -64.257,-64.03 -64.2567,-64.03 -64.2564,-64.03 -64.2561,-64.03 -64.2558,-64.03 -64.2555,-64.03 -64.2552,-64.03 -64.2549,-64.03 -64.2546,-64.03 -64.2543,-64.03 -64.254))"]	["POINT(-64.023 -64.2555)"]	false	false
Easten Antarctic Peninsula Surface Sediment Diatom Data	9714371 0732625	2019-09-16	Leventer, Amy	Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans	Diatom data from eastern side of Antarctic Peninsula: This file includes quantitative diatom data for surface samples collected on numerous cruises to the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula, including NBP0003, NBP0107, LMG0502, NBP0603, and NBP1203. Samples were collected using a variety of tools including Smith-McIntyre Grab, Kasten Core and Jumbo Kasten Core. These data were generated by Amy Leventer (aleventer@colgate.edu) and undergraduate students at Colgate University. All questions regarding the specifics of these data should be directed to Amy Leventer. Quantitative diatom slides were prepared according to the settling technique of Scherer (1995). Cover slips were adhered to the slides using Norland Optical Adhesive #61. Slides were observed under Olympus CX31, BX50 and BX60, and Zeiss Primo Star light microscopes, using a 100X oil immersion objective for a total magnification of 1000X. A minimum of 400 valves or 10 transects was counted for each slide, depending on the absolute diatom abundance. Valves were only counted if >50% complete. Diatoms were identified to species level when possible (Crosta et al., 2005; Armand et al., 2005; Cefarelli et al., 2010). Armand, L.K., X. Crosta, O. Romero, J. J. Pichon (2005), The biogeography of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean sediments: 1. Sea ice related species, Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 223, 93-126. Cefarelli, A.O., M. E. Ferrario, G. O. Almandoz, A. G. Atencio, R. Akselman, M. Vernet (2010), Diversity of the diatom genus Fragilariopsis in the Argentine Sea and Antarctic waters: morphology, distribution and abundance, Polar Biology, 33(2), 1463-1484. Crosta, X., O. Romero, L. K. Armand, J. Pichon (2005), The biogeography of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean sediments: 2. Open ocean related species, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 223, 66-92. Scherer, R. P., A new method for the determination of absolute abundance of diatoms and other silt-sized sedimentary particles, J. Paleolimnol., 12, 171–178, 1995.	["POLYGON((-64 -63,-63.1 -63,-62.2 -63,-61.3 -63,-60.4 -63,-59.5 -63,-58.6 -63,-57.7 -63,-56.8 -63,-55.9 -63,-55 -63,-55 -63.4,-55 -63.8,-55 -64.2,-55 -64.6,-55 -65,-55 -65.4,-55 -65.8,-55 -66.2,-55 -66.6,-55 -67,-55.9 -67,-56.8 -67,-57.7 -67,-58.6 -67,-59.5 -67,-60.4 -67,-61.3 -67,-62.2 -67,-63.1 -67,-64 -67,-64 -66.6,-64 -66.2,-64 -65.8,-64 -65.4,-64 -65,-64 -64.6,-64 -64.2,-64 -63.8,-64 -63.4,-64 -63))"]	["POINT(-59.5 -65)"]	false	false
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of Antarctic Krill from the South Shetland Islands and the northern Antarctic Peninsula 2007 and 2009	1443386 1443424 1826712 1443585	2019-09-13	Polito, Michael	Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators	This data set contains measurements of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope values of whole-body Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) collected from trawl surveys of waters surrounding the South Shetland Islands and the northern Antarctic Peninsula during the 2006-07 and 2008-90 Austral summers. Stable isotope analyses were conducted using an elemental analyzer coupled to a continuous flow stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Individual krill were lipid-extracted prior to analyses. The data set also includes latitude, longitude, month, and year of sample collection, standard length of the krill to the nearest mm, age class, sex, and carbon to nitrogen ratios. Details of the data set and all relevant methods are provided in Polito et al., 2013 and Polito et al., 2019.	["POLYGON((-63 -60,-62.1 -60,-61.2 -60,-60.3 -60,-59.4 -60,-58.5 -60,-57.6 -60,-56.7 -60,-55.8 -60,-54.9 -60,-54 -60,-54 -60.4,-54 -60.8,-54 -61.2,-54 -61.6,-54 -62,-54 -62.4,-54 -62.8,-54 -63.2,-54 -63.6,-54 -64,-54.9 -64,-55.8 -64,-56.7 -64,-57.6 -64,-58.5 -64,-59.4 -64,-60.3 -64,-61.2 -64,-62.1 -64,-63 -64,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.2,-63 -62.8,-63 -62.4,-63 -62,-63 -61.6,-63 -61.2,-63 -60.8,-63 -60.4,-63 -60))"]	["POINT(-58.5 -62)"]	false	false
The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) chronology and supporting data	1443336	2019-08-29	Winski, Dominic A.; Fudge, T. J.; Dunbar, Nelia; Buizert, Christo; Bay, Ryan; Souney, Joseph Jr.; Sigl, Michael; McConnell, Joseph; Fegyveresi, John; Cole-Dai, Jihong; Thundercloud, Zayta; Cox, Thomas S.; Kreutz, Karl; Epifanio, Jenna; Ortman, Nikolas; Brook, Edward J.; Beaudette, Ross; Sowers, Todd A.; Steig, Eric J.; Morris, Valerie; Kahle, Emma; Ferris, David G.; Aydin, Murat; Nicewonger, Melinda R.; Casey, Kimberly A.; Alley, Richard; Waddington, Edwin D.; Osterberg, Erich; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Jones, Tyler R.; Iverson, Nels	Collaborative Research: South Pole Ice Core Chronology and Climate Records using Chemical and Microparticle Measurements	The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) was drilled in 2014-2016 to provide a detailed multi-proxy archive of paleoclimate conditions in East Antarctica during the Holocene and late Pleistocene. Interpretation of these records requires an accurate depth-age relationship. Here, we present the SP19 timescale for the age of the ice of SPICEcore. SP19 is synchronized to the WD2014 chronology from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS Divide) ice core using stratigraphic matching of 251 volcanic events. These events indicate an age of 54,302 +/- 519 years BP (before the year 1950) at the bottom of SPICEcore. Annual layers identified in sodium and magnesium ions to 11,341 BP were used to interpolate between stratigraphic volcanic tie points, yielding an annually-resolved chronology through the Holocene. Estimated timescale uncertainty during the Holocene is less than 18 years relative to WD2014, with the exception of the interval between 1800 to 3100 BP when uncertainty estimates reach +/- 25 years due to widely spaced volcanic tie points. Prior to the Holocene, uncertainties remain within 124 years relative to WD2014. Results show an average Holocene accumulation rate of 7.4 cm/yr (water equivalent). The time variability of accumulation rate is consistent with expectations for steady-state ice flow through the modern spatial pattern of accumulation rate. Time variations in nitrate concentration, nitrate seasonal amplitude, and δ15N of N2 in turn are as expected for the accumulation-rate variations. The highly variable yet well-constrained Holocene accumulation history at the site can help improve scientific understanding of deposition-sensitive climate proxies such as δ15N of N2 and photolyzed chemical compounds.	["POINT(-180 -90)"]	["POINT(-180 -90)"]	false	false
Algal pigment concentrations from the Ross Sea	1644073	2019-08-27	Ditullio, Giacomo	Collaborative Research: Cobalamin and Iron Co-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Species in Terra Nova Bay	Algal pigment concentrations as measured by HPLC from RV/IB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise in the Ross Sea from 2017-2018	["POLYGON((-180 -72.448188333,-179.35369 -72.448188333,-178.70738 -72.448188333,-178.06107 -72.448188333,-177.41476 -72.448188333,-176.76845 -72.448188333,-176.12214 -72.448188333,-175.47583 -72.448188333,-174.82952 -72.448188333,-174.18321 -72.448188333,-173.5369 -72.448188333,-173.5369 -73.0663094997,-173.5369 -73.6844306664,-173.5369 -74.3025518331,-173.5369 -74.9206729998,-173.5369 -75.5387941665,-173.5369 -76.1569153332,-173.5369 -76.7750364999,-173.5369 -77.3931576666,-173.5369 -78.0112788333,-173.5369 -78.6294,-174.18321 -78.6294,-174.82952 -78.6294,-175.47583 -78.6294,-176.12214 -78.6294,-176.76845 -78.6294,-177.41476 -78.6294,-178.06107 -78.6294,-178.70738 -78.6294,-179.35369 -78.6294,180 -78.6294,179.818135 -78.6294,179.63627 -78.6294,179.454405 -78.6294,179.27254 -78.6294,179.090675 -78.6294,178.90881 -78.6294,178.726945 -78.6294,178.54508 -78.6294,178.363215 -78.6294,178.18135 -78.6294,178.18135 -78.0112788333,178.18135 -77.3931576666,178.18135 -76.7750364999,178.18135 -76.1569153332,178.18135 -75.5387941665,178.18135 -74.9206729998,178.18135 -74.3025518331,178.18135 -73.6844306664,178.18135 -73.0663094997,178.18135 -72.448188333,178.363215 -72.448188333,178.54508 -72.448188333,178.726945 -72.448188333,178.90881 -72.448188333,179.090675 -72.448188333,179.27254 -72.448188333,179.454405 -72.448188333,179.63627 -72.448188333,179.818135 -72.448188333,-180 -72.448188333))"]	["POINT(-177.677775 -75.5387941665)"]	false	false
The Geochemistry of englacial brine from Taylor Glacier, Antarctica.	1144176	2019-05-07	Lyons, W. Berry; Gardner, Christopher B.	Collaborative Research: MIDGE: Minimally Invasive Direct Glacial Exploration of Biogeochemistry, Hydrology and Glaciology of Blood Falls, McMurdo Dry Valleys	Blood Falls is a hypersaline, iron‐rich discharge at the terminus of the Taylor Glacier in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. In November 2014, brine in a conduit within the glacier was penetrated and sampled using clean‐entry techniques and a thermoelectric melting probe called the IceMole. We analyzed the englacial brine sample for filterable iron (fFe), total Fe, major cations and anions, nutrients, organic carbon, and perchlorate. In addition, aliquots were analyzed for minor and trace elements and isotopes including δD and δ18O of water, δ34S and δ18O of sulfate, 234U, 238U, δ11B, 87Sr/86Sr, and δ81Br. These measurements were made in order to (1) determine the source and geochemical evolution of the brine and (2) compare the chemistry of the brine to that of nearby hypersaline lake waters and previous supraglacially sampled collections of Blood Falls outflow that were interpreted as end‐member brines.	["POLYGON((162.250099 -77.719928,162.2519358 -77.719928,162.2537726 -77.719928,162.2556094 -77.719928,162.2574462 -77.719928,162.259283 -77.719928,162.2611198 -77.719928,162.2629566 -77.719928,162.2647934 -77.719928,162.2666302 -77.719928,162.268467 -77.719928,162.268467 -77.7201251,162.268467 -77.7203222,162.268467 -77.7205193,162.268467 -77.7207164,162.268467 -77.7209135,162.268467 -77.7211106,162.268467 -77.7213077,162.268467 -77.7215048,162.268467 -77.7217019,162.268467 -77.721899,162.2666302 -77.721899,162.2647934 -77.721899,162.2629566 -77.721899,162.2611198 -77.721899,162.259283 -77.721899,162.2574462 -77.721899,162.2556094 -77.721899,162.2537726 -77.721899,162.2519358 -77.721899,162.250099 -77.721899,162.250099 -77.7217019,162.250099 -77.7215048,162.250099 -77.7213077,162.250099 -77.7211106,162.250099 -77.7209135,162.250099 -77.7207164,162.250099 -77.7205193,162.250099 -77.7203222,162.250099 -77.7201251,162.250099 -77.719928))"]	["POINT(162.259283 -77.7209135)"]	false	false
CTD stations and logs for Araon 2018 ANA08D expedition to Larson C	1822289	2019-04-29	Pan, B. Jack; Vernet, Maria	RAPID: Collaborative Research: Marine Ecosystem Response to the Larsen C Ice-Shelf Breakout: "Time zero"	Marine ecosystems under large ice shelves are thought to contain sparse, low-diversity plankton and seafloor communities due the low supply of food from productive sunlight waters. Past studies have shown sub-ice shelf ecosystems to change in response to altered oceanographic processes resulting from ice-shelve retreat. However, information on community changes and ecosystem structure under ice shelves are limited because sub-ice-shelf ecosystems have either been sampled many years after ice-shelf breakout, or have been sampled through small boreholes, yielding extremely limited spatial information. The recent breakout of the A-68 iceberg from the Larsen C ice shelf in the western Weddell Sea provides an opportunity to use a ship-based study to evaluate benthic communities and water column characteristics in an area recently vacated by a large overlying ice shelf. The opportunity will allow spatial assessments at the time of transition from an under ice-shelf environment to one initially exposed to conditions more typical of a coastal Antarctic marine setting. This RAPID project will help determine the state of a coastal Antarctic ecosystem newly exposed from ice-shelf cover and will aid in understanding of rates of community change during transition. The project will conduct a 10-day field program, allowing contrasts to be made of phytoplankton and seafloor megafaunal communities in areas recently exposed by ice-shelf loss to areas exposed for many decades. The project will be undertaken in a collaborative manner with the South Korean Antarctic Agency, KOPRI, by participating in a cruise in March/May 2018. Combining new information in the area of Larsen C with existing observations after the Larsen A and B ice shelf breakups further to the north, the project is expected to generate a dataset that can elucidate fundamental processes of planktonic and benthic community development in transition from food-poor to food-rich ecosystems. The project will provide field experience to two graduate students, a post-doctoral associate and an undergraduate student. Material from the project will be incorporated into graduate courses and the project will communicate daily work and unfolding events through social media and blogs while they explore this area of the world that is largely underexplored.	["POLYGON((-59.402149 -62.131908,-58.9639887 -62.131908,-58.5258284 -62.131908,-58.0876681 -62.131908,-57.6495078 -62.131908,-57.2113475 -62.131908,-56.7731872 -62.131908,-56.3350269 -62.131908,-55.8968666 -62.131908,-55.4587063 -62.131908,-55.020546 -62.131908,-55.020546 -62.384829,-55.020546 -62.63775,-55.020546 -62.890671,-55.020546 -63.143592,-55.020546 -63.396513,-55.020546 -63.649434,-55.020546 -63.902355,-55.020546 -64.155276,-55.020546 -64.408197,-55.020546 -64.661118,-55.4587063 -64.661118,-55.8968666 -64.661118,-56.3350269 -64.661118,-56.7731872 -64.661118,-57.2113475 -64.661118,-57.6495078 -64.661118,-58.0876681 -64.661118,-58.5258284 -64.661118,-58.9639887 -64.661118,-59.402149 -64.661118,-59.402149 -64.408197,-59.402149 -64.155276,-59.402149 -63.902355,-59.402149 -63.649434,-59.402149 -63.396513,-59.402149 -63.143592,-59.402149 -62.890671,-59.402149 -62.63775,-59.402149 -62.384829,-59.402149 -62.131908))"]	["POINT(-57.2113475 -63.396513)"]	false	false
16S rRNA gene libraries of krill gut microbial communities	1543412	2019-03-31	Reinfelder, John	Methylmercury in Antarctic Krill Microbiomes	This dataset includes 16S rRNA gene libraries produced from DNA extracted from pooled digestive tracts of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) collected in coastal waters west of the Antarctic Peninsula in 2014.	["POLYGON((-69.9043 -65.8708,-69.74203 -65.8708,-69.57976 -65.8708,-69.41749 -65.8708,-69.25522 -65.8708,-69.09295 -65.8708,-68.93068 -65.8708,-68.76841 -65.8708,-68.60614 -65.8708,-68.44387 -65.8708,-68.2816 -65.8708,-68.2816 -66.05698,-68.2816 -66.24316,-68.2816 -66.42934,-68.2816 -66.61552,-68.2816 -66.8017,-68.2816 -66.98788,-68.2816 -67.17406,-68.2816 -67.36024,-68.2816 -67.54642,-68.2816 -67.7326,-68.44387 -67.7326,-68.60614 -67.7326,-68.76841 -67.7326,-68.93068 -67.7326,-69.09295 -67.7326,-69.25522 -67.7326,-69.41749 -67.7326,-69.57976 -67.7326,-69.74203 -67.7326,-69.9043 -67.7326,-69.9043 -67.54642,-69.9043 -67.36024,-69.9043 -67.17406,-69.9043 -66.98788,-69.9043 -66.8017,-69.9043 -66.61552,-69.9043 -66.42934,-69.9043 -66.24316,-69.9043 -66.05698,-69.9043 -65.8708))"]	["POINT(-69.09295 -66.8017)"]	false	false
Report on Antarctic surface hydrology workshop, LDEO, 2018	1743326	2019-03-22	Kingslake, Jonathan; Trusel, Luke; Banwell, Alison; Bell, Robin; Das, Indrani; DeConto, Robert; Tedesco, Marco; Lenaerts, Jan; Schoof, Christian	Workshop on Antarctic Surface Hydrology and Future Ice-shelf Stability	In February 2018, we hosted a workshop on Antarctic Surface Hydrology and Future Ice-shelf Stability at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York. Funding for the workshop was provided by the U.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Antarctic Glaciology Program (award number: 1743326). The aims of the workshop were to: (1) establish the state-of-the-science of Antarctic surface hydrology; (2) identify key science questions raised by observations and theoretical studies of Antarctic surface hydrology, and (3) move the community toward answering these questions by bringing together scientists with diverse expertise. The workshop was motivated by the premise that significant gains in our understanding can be made if researchers with interests in this field are provided with an opportunity to communicate and develop collaborations across disciplines. Here we report on the organisation, attendance, and structure of the workshop, before summarizing key science outcomes, research questions, and future priorities that emerged during the workshop within the following four themes: 1. Surface melting: controls and observations 2. Water ponding and flow 3. Impact of meltwater on ice-shelf stability 4. Ice-sheet/climate modeling Finally, building on the emergent science questions, we propose a framework for prioritizing future work, aimed at understanding and predicting the impact that surface meltwater will have on future Antarctic Ice Sheet mass balance.	[]	[]	false	false
Response time data for snails escaping from predatory sea stars	1041022	2019-03-13	Schram, Julie; Amsler, Charles	The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica	Response time data for snails escaping from predatory sea stars	[]	[]	false	false
Summer Oceanographic Measurements near the Mertz Polynya NBP0008	9725024 9909374	2019-03-11	Jacobs, Stanley; Mele, Phil; Mortlock, R. A.; Smethie, William M	Shelf and Bottom Water Formation Near East Antarctic Polynyas and Glaciers Circumpolar Deep Water and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet	Summer Oceanographic Measurements near the Mertz Polynya (140-150E) on NB Palmer Cruise 00-08. These are processed, high resolution CTD and bottle data files; Standard level listings and station listings and plots.	["POLYGON((140 -65.5,141 -65.5,142 -65.5,143 -65.5,144 -65.5,145 -65.5,146 -65.5,147 -65.5,148 -65.5,149 -65.5,150 -65.5,150 -65.75,150 -66,150 -66.25,150 -66.5,150 -66.75,150 -67,150 -67.25,150 -67.5,150 -67.75,150 -68,149 -68,148 -68,147 -68,146 -68,145 -68,144 -68,143 -68,142 -68,141 -68,140 -68,140 -67.75,140 -67.5,140 -67.25,140 -67,140 -66.75,140 -66.5,140 -66.25,140 -66,140 -65.75,140 -65.5))"]	["POINT(145 -66.75)"]	false	false
Log Sheets of coral samples for LMG1509	1245766	2019-03-07	Waller, Rhian	Cold Corals in Hot Water - Investigating the Physiological Responses of Antarctic Coral Larvae to Climate change Stress	Station location information of trawl and CTD stations used for collecting coral samples and water for incubation during expedition NBP1509 in 2015 near the Antarctic Peninsula.	["POLYGON((-66.5 -63,-65.95 -63,-65.4 -63,-64.85 -63,-64.3 -63,-63.75 -63,-63.2 -63,-62.65 -63,-62.1 -63,-61.55 -63,-61 -63,-61 -63.63,-61 -64.26,-61 -64.89,-61 -65.52,-61 -66.15,-61 -66.78,-61 -67.41,-61 -68.04,-61 -68.67,-61 -69.3,-61.55 -69.3,-62.1 -69.3,-62.65 -69.3,-63.2 -69.3,-63.75 -69.3,-64.3 -69.3,-64.85 -69.3,-65.4 -69.3,-65.95 -69.3,-66.5 -69.3,-66.5 -68.67,-66.5 -68.04,-66.5 -67.41,-66.5 -66.78,-66.5 -66.15,-66.5 -65.52,-66.5 -64.89,-66.5 -64.26,-66.5 -63.63,-66.5 -63))"]	["POINT(-63.75 -66.15)"]	false	false
Data from Amsler et al. 2019 Antarctic Science, doi:10.1017/S0954102019000014	1341333	2019-03-04	Amsler, Charles	Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing	These three spreadsheets contain all the data used in Amsler et al. 2019. Impacts of macroalgal-associated gastropods on epiphytic microalgae on the ecologically important Antarctic brown alga Himantothallus grandifolius. Antarctic Science 31: doi:10.1017/S0954102019000014	["POLYGON((-65 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.6 -63,-64.4 -63,-64.2 -63,-64 -63,-63.8 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.4 -63,-63.2 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.2,-63 -63.4,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.8,-63 -64,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.4,-63 -64.6,-63 -64.8,-63 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.4 -65,-63.6 -65,-63.8 -65,-64 -65,-64.2 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.6 -65,-64.8 -65,-65 -65,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.6,-65 -64.4,-65 -64.2,-65 -64,-65 -63.8,-65 -63.6,-65 -63.4,-65 -63.2,-65 -63))"]	["POINT(-64 -64)"]	false	false
Antarctic Ice Sheet simulations for role of freshwater in future warming scenarios	1443394	2019-02-04	Pollard, David	Collaborative Research: Assessing the Global Climate Response to Melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet	The dataset consists of two tar files for two distinct sets of simulations. Each tar file contains a number of Netcdf files with model output for one simulation each, and also contains a DIF file (Directory Interchange Format, in xml form) with information on that part of the dataset. Set 1: There are 4 Netcdf files with output from the PSU 3D Antarctic ice sheet model including ice melange, showing role of melange in potentially providing buttressing and possibly slowing down ice retreat in strong climate warming scenarios. Set two: There are 2 Netcdf files with output from the PSU 3D Antarctic ice sheet model, for two future warming scenarios RCP4.5 and RCP8.5, contributing to oceanic meltwater discharge fields for future climate and ocean model simulations performed at Univ. Massachusetts by other PIs on the NSF project. More details on file names and model fields is provided in "Data Section" of the Readme file.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Nearshore pH, temperature, (salinity, depth) at mooring sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, Overwinter 2011-2016	0944201 1246202	2018-12-05	Hoshijima, Umihiko; Hofmann, Gretchen; Kapsenberg, Lydia	Ocean Acidification Seascape: Linking Natural Variability and Anthropogenic changes in pH and Temperature to Performance in Calcifying Antarctic Marine Invertebrates	This dataset consists of measurements made of pH (total scale) and temperature at various sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica with autonomous DuraFET® - based pH sensors. Sensors logged every 4 hours and ran until batteries were exhausted. Sensors were calibrated with water samples following best practices from Dickson et al (2007). Details of select years from this dataset are provided in Kapsenberg et al(2015).	["POLYGON((163.5281 -77.5715,163.84105 -77.5715,164.154 -77.5715,164.46695 -77.5715,164.7799 -77.5715,165.09285 -77.5715,165.4058 -77.5715,165.71875 -77.5715,166.0317 -77.5715,166.34465 -77.5715,166.6576 -77.5715,166.6576 -77.59928,166.6576 -77.62706,166.6576 -77.65484,166.6576 -77.68262,166.6576 -77.7104,166.6576 -77.73818,166.6576 -77.76596,166.6576 -77.79374,166.6576 -77.82152,166.6576 -77.8493,166.34465 -77.8493,166.0317 -77.8493,165.71875 -77.8493,165.4058 -77.8493,165.09285 -77.8493,164.7799 -77.8493,164.46695 -77.8493,164.154 -77.8493,163.84105 -77.8493,163.5281 -77.8493,163.5281 -77.82152,163.5281 -77.79374,163.5281 -77.76596,163.5281 -77.73818,163.5281 -77.7104,163.5281 -77.68262,163.5281 -77.65484,163.5281 -77.62706,163.5281 -77.59928,163.5281 -77.5715))"]	["POINT(165.09285 -77.7104)"]	false	false
Weddell seal summer diving behavior	1246463	2018-11-24	Beltran, Roxanne; Burns, Jennifer	The Cost of A New Fur Coat: Interactions between Molt and Reproduction in Weddell Seals	We examined the influence of sea ice break-out on seasonal diving patterns and diet of a top predator, the Weddell seal, to understand how phytoplankton blooms impact the vertical distribution of the food web. We captured female seals during the November and December lactation period and attached a LOTEK LAT1800 time-depth recorder (TDR) flipper tag with a 6 second sampling interval. Data were processed using the Iknos toolbox in MATLAB. Benthic dives (1% of all dives) were excluded from analyses because we were interested in quantifying seasonal changes in mid-water dives. Thus, we analyzed dives from 59 Weddell seals to characterize the diving depth and foraging effort of each seal across the austral summer over four years. We characterized seasonal changes in diving depth by calculating the mean across all seals of the maximum dive depth on each day for each seal. For more information see: Beltran, R. S. Bridging the gap between pupping and molting phenology: behavioral and ecological drivers in Weddell seals PhD thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, (2018).	[]	[]	false	false
Stable water isotope data for the surface samples collected at the Allan Hills Blue ice area	1443263 1443306	2018-10-17	Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Mayewski, Paul A.; Introne, Douglas; Yan, Yuzhen	Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area	Stable water isotope data for the surface ice samples (listed as point numbers coordinates provided) collected at the Allan Hills Blue ice area have been generated under a collaborative effort by the University of Maine Climate Change Institute (NSF Award#1443306) and Princeton University (NSF Award# 1443263). This data set contains stable isotope data (dD, d18O) of meltwater samples collected from the area(76.73165 to 76.73348 S, 159.35343 to 159.42112 E).	["POLYGON((159.35343 -76.73165,159.360199 -76.73165,159.366968 -76.73165,159.373737 -76.73165,159.380506 -76.73165,159.387275 -76.73165,159.394044 -76.73165,159.400813 -76.73165,159.407582 -76.73165,159.414351 -76.73165,159.42112 -76.73165,159.42112 -76.731833,159.42112 -76.732016,159.42112 -76.732199,159.42112 -76.732382,159.42112 -76.732565,159.42112 -76.732748,159.42112 -76.732931,159.42112 -76.733114,159.42112 -76.733297,159.42112 -76.73348,159.414351 -76.73348,159.407582 -76.73348,159.400813 -76.73348,159.394044 -76.73348,159.387275 -76.73348,159.380506 -76.73348,159.373737 -76.73348,159.366968 -76.73348,159.360199 -76.73348,159.35343 -76.73348,159.35343 -76.733297,159.35343 -76.733114,159.35343 -76.732931,159.35343 -76.732748,159.35343 -76.732565,159.35343 -76.732382,159.35343 -76.732199,159.35343 -76.732016,159.35343 -76.731833,159.35343 -76.73165))"]	["POINT(159.387275 -76.732565)"]	false	false
Stable water isotope data for the AH-1502 ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area	1443306 1443263	2018-10-17	Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Mayewski, Paul A.; Introne, Douglas; Yan, Yuzhen	Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area	Stable water isotope data for the ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area have been generated under a collaborative effort by the University of Maine Climate Change Institute (NSF Award#1443306) and Princeton University (NSF Award# 1443263). This data set contains stable isotope data (dD, d18O) of meltwater samples collected from the ice core AH-1502 (76.73286 S, 159.35507 E) was drilled in 2015-16 field season to 197 meters below the surface.	["POINT(159.35507 -76.73286)"]	["POINT(159.35507 -76.73286)"]	false	false
Stable water isotope data for the AH-1503 ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area	1443263 1443306	2018-10-16	Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Mayewski, Paul A.; Introne, Douglas; Yan, Yuzhen	Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area	Stable water isotope data for the AH-1503 ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area have been generated under a collaborative effort by the University of Maine Climate Change Institute (NSF Award#1443263) and Princeton University (NSF Award# 1443263). This data set contains stable isotope data (dD, d18O) of meltwater samples collected from the ice core AH-1503 (76.73243 S, 159.3562 E). Ice core site AH-1503 used the same borehole as AH- BIT58 drilled down to 124 m during the 2011-12 field season. All drilling was conducted with a 3" Eclipse drill (Ice Drilling Design and Operations (IDDO)).	["POINT(159.3562 -76.73243)"]	["POINT(159.3562 -76.73243)"]	false	false
Supraglacial Lake Depths on McMurdo Ice Shelf, Antarctica	1443126	2018-09-04	MacAyeal, Douglas; Banwell, Alison	Impact of Supraglacial Lakes on Ice-Shelf Stability	During the melt seasons of 2015/6 and 2016/7, water pressure gages were deployed on the McMurdo Ice Shelf to observe water depth in supraglacial lakes and streams. This was done in support of research directed toward understanding how filling and draining supraglacial lakes would induce ice-shelf flexure and fracture.	["POLYGON((165.911079 -77.872851,165.941267 -77.872851,165.971455 -77.872851,166.001643 -77.872851,166.031831 -77.872851,166.062019 -77.872851,166.092207 -77.872851,166.122395 -77.872851,166.152583 -77.872851,166.182771 -77.872851,166.212959 -77.872851,166.212959 -77.8781411,166.212959 -77.8834312,166.212959 -77.8887213,166.212959 -77.8940114,166.212959 -77.8993015,166.212959 -77.9045916,166.212959 -77.9098817,166.212959 -77.9151718,166.212959 -77.9204619,166.212959 -77.925752,166.182771 -77.925752,166.152583 -77.925752,166.122395 -77.925752,166.092207 -77.925752,166.062019 -77.925752,166.031831 -77.925752,166.001643 -77.925752,165.971455 -77.925752,165.941267 -77.925752,165.911079 -77.925752,165.911079 -77.9204619,165.911079 -77.9151718,165.911079 -77.9098817,165.911079 -77.9045916,165.911079 -77.8993015,165.911079 -77.8940114,165.911079 -77.8887213,165.911079 -77.8834312,165.911079 -77.8781411,165.911079 -77.872851))"]	["POINT(166.062019 -77.8993015)"]	false	false
Time-lapse video of McMurdo Ice Shelf surface melting and hydrology	1443126	2018-08-31	MacAyeal, Douglas; Banwell, Alison	Impact of Supraglacial Lakes on Ice-Shelf Stability	During the Austral summer melt season of 2016-2017, an automatic camera was placed overlooking a surface lake feature on the McMurdo Ice Shelf. This camera created a time-lapse video (30 minute photograph time intervals) used to observe the filling and draining of the lake called Rift-Tip Lake located approximately 2 km from the McMurdo Ice Shelf ice front. The data was used in support of a field project to measure the flexural response of the McMurdo Ice Shelf (and ice shelves in general) to the filling and draining of supraglacial lakes. The time-lapse video begins 16 November 2016 and ends 27 January 2017.	["POLYGON((166.152184 -77.902339,166.1559273 -77.902339,166.1596706 -77.902339,166.1634139 -77.902339,166.1671572 -77.902339,166.1709005 -77.902339,166.1746438 -77.902339,166.1783871 -77.902339,166.1821304 -77.902339,166.1858737 -77.902339,166.189617 -77.902339,166.189617 -77.9026372,166.189617 -77.9029354,166.189617 -77.9032336,166.189617 -77.9035318,166.189617 -77.90383,166.189617 -77.9041282,166.189617 -77.9044264,166.189617 -77.9047246,166.189617 -77.9050228,166.189617 -77.905321,166.1858737 -77.905321,166.1821304 -77.905321,166.1783871 -77.905321,166.1746438 -77.905321,166.1709005 -77.905321,166.1671572 -77.905321,166.1634139 -77.905321,166.1596706 -77.905321,166.1559273 -77.905321,166.152184 -77.905321,166.152184 -77.9050228,166.152184 -77.9047246,166.152184 -77.9044264,166.152184 -77.9041282,166.152184 -77.90383,166.152184 -77.9035318,166.152184 -77.9032336,166.152184 -77.9029354,166.152184 -77.9026372,166.152184 -77.902339))"]	["POINT(166.1709005 -77.90383)"]	false	false
McMurdo Ice Shelf GPS survey of vertical motion	1443126	2018-07-24	MacAyeal, Douglas; Banwell, Alison	Impact of Supraglacial Lakes on Ice-Shelf Stability	Over 2 Austral summer periods in 2015/6 and 2016/17, up to 12 geodetic GPS receivers were deployed on the McMurdo Ice Shelf to study its vertical deflection in response to moving meltwater loads. (5 GPS were deployed in 2015/16, 12 in 2016/17.) The GPS receivers and antennas were supplied by UNAVCO and were Trimble NetR9’s and Zephyr Geodetic, respectively. The GPS receivers were stationary for the entire field seasons (were never moved). Following each field season, the GPS data were processed using MIT software called TRACK, which is part of the GAMIT package. The UNAVCO-run base station at McMurdo Station, approximately 16 km away from the field area, was used as part of the processing.	["POLYGON((166.02819 -77.887495,166.053634 -77.887495,166.079078 -77.887495,166.104522 -77.887495,166.129966 -77.887495,166.15541 -77.887495,166.180854 -77.887495,166.206298 -77.887495,166.231742 -77.887495,166.257186 -77.887495,166.28263 -77.887495,166.28263 -77.8926145,166.28263 -77.897734,166.28263 -77.9028535,166.28263 -77.907973,166.28263 -77.9130925,166.28263 -77.918212,166.28263 -77.9233315,166.28263 -77.928451,166.28263 -77.9335705,166.28263 -77.93869,166.257186 -77.93869,166.231742 -77.93869,166.206298 -77.93869,166.180854 -77.93869,166.15541 -77.93869,166.129966 -77.93869,166.104522 -77.93869,166.079078 -77.93869,166.053634 -77.93869,166.02819 -77.93869,166.02819 -77.9335705,166.02819 -77.928451,166.02819 -77.9233315,166.02819 -77.918212,166.02819 -77.9130925,166.02819 -77.907973,166.02819 -77.9028535,166.02819 -77.897734,166.02819 -77.8926145,166.02819 -77.887495))"]	["POINT(166.15541 -77.9130925)"]	false	false
Ross Sea unconformities digital grids in depth and two-way time	1341585	2018-05-25	Sorlien, Christopher; Wilson, Douglas S.	Subsidence, Tilting, Sedimentation, and Oligocene-middle Miocene paleo-depth of Ross Sea	This data set includes digital 1 km grids of sub-bottom stratigraphy of most of Ross Sea. In addition to acoustic basement (same as top syn-rift sedimentary rocks in Central Trough and probably other basins), these grids include Oligocene and Miocene horizons that are unconformities in most areas. A sea floor grid is also included. Except for the sea floor grid, the grids are trimmed to be relatively close to control of interpreted seismic stratigraphy. The grids are provided in two way travel time and in depth. Math can be performed on the corresponding time and depth grids to recreate the 3D interval velocity model that was used. The velocity of the water used was 1450 m/s. More detailed descriptions of the work are found in the Final NSF report for PLR1341585 by C. Sorlien, B. Luyendyk, and D. Wilson. The grids are continuous so are merged with the sea floor where there is outcrop, or with basement if there is onlap, or with a young unconformity where there is sub-bottom truncation. The filenames include the name of the horizon (unconformity) and whether they are in time or depth. \"etc.\" means there are two or more horizons that have been merged. Most of the horizons are named and defined in the ANTOSTRAT (1995) atlas. The starting points for many of these horizons are ANTOSTRAT [1995] near DSDP sites 273, 272, and 270. In other areas we deviate from the interpretation of ANTOSTRAT [1995]. late Oligocene through middle Miocene horizons, interpreted very close to the ANTOSTRAT [1995] at DSDP Site 273 in Central Trough, are much deeper in our interpretation within Terror Rift. These horizon grids usually include the sea floor where there is outcrop or acoustic basement (top syn-rift in some basins) where there is onlap. ANTOSTRAT (1995), Seismic Stratigraphic Atlas of the Ross Sea, in Geology and Seismic Stratigraphy of the Antarctic Margin, edited by A. K. Cooper, Barker, P. F., Brancolini, G., 22 plates, American Geophysical Union, Washington, D.C.	["POLYGON((-180 -73.22,-179.17 -73.22,-178.34 -73.22,-177.51 -73.22,-176.68 -73.22,-175.85 -73.22,-175.02 -73.22,-174.19 -73.22,-173.36 -73.22,-172.53 -73.22,-171.7 -73.22,-171.7 -73.765,-171.7 -74.31,-171.7 -74.855,-171.7 -75.4,-171.7 -75.945,-171.7 -76.49,-171.7 -77.035,-171.7 -77.58,-171.7 -78.125,-171.7 -78.67,-172.53 -78.67,-173.36 -78.67,-174.19 -78.67,-175.02 -78.67,-175.85 -78.67,-176.68 -78.67,-177.51 -78.67,-178.34 -78.67,-179.17 -78.67,180 -78.67,178.56 -78.67,177.12 -78.67,175.68 -78.67,174.24 -78.67,172.8 -78.67,171.36 -78.67,169.92 -78.67,168.48 -78.67,167.04 -78.67,165.6 -78.67,165.6 -78.125,165.6 -77.58,165.6 -77.035,165.6 -76.49,165.6 -75.945,165.6 -75.4,165.6 -74.855,165.6 -74.31,165.6 -73.765,165.6 -73.22,167.04 -73.22,168.48 -73.22,169.92 -73.22,171.36 -73.22,172.8 -73.22,174.24 -73.22,175.68 -73.22,177.12 -73.22,178.56 -73.22,-180 -73.22))"]	["POINT(176.95 -75.945)"]	false	false
LARISSA: Impact of ice-shelf loss on geochemical profiles and microbial community composition in marine sediments of the Larsen A embayment, Antarctic Peninsula	0732917	2017-12-17	McCormick, Michael	Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine Ecosystems.	Ice-shelf loss along the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula over recent decades has brought new sources of carbon and energy to the marine benthos likely affecting sediment geochemistry and microbial community composition. To better understand the long-term effects of ice-shelf loss on benthic microbial communities, we conducted a five-station survey along a 160 km transect following the historic path of retreat of the Larsen A ice shelf. All microbial community sequence data is publicly available through the Metagenomics Analysis Server at Argonne National Laboratory (MG-RAST). The project title is "Impact of ice-shelf loss on geochemical profiles and microbial community composition in marine sediments of the Larsen A embayment, Antarctic Peninsula". A key word search using terms from this title at the MG-RAST portal (http://metagenomics.anl.gov/) will return the complete sample list. This submitted dataset summarizes the measured environmental parameters for these same samples (lat., long., water depth, sediment depth, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, silicate, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium).	["POLYGON((299.4 -63.1,299.92 -63.1,300.44 -63.1,300.96 -63.1,301.48 -63.1,302 -63.1,302.52 -63.1,303.04 -63.1,303.56 -63.1,304.08 -63.1,304.6 -63.1,304.6 -63.29,304.6 -63.48,304.6 -63.67,304.6 -63.86,304.6 -64.05,304.6 -64.24,304.6 -64.43,304.6 -64.62,304.6 -64.81,304.6 -65,304.08 -65,303.56 -65,303.04 -65,302.52 -65,302 -65,301.48 -65,300.96 -65,300.44 -65,299.92 -65,299.4 -65,299.4 -64.81,299.4 -64.62,299.4 -64.43,299.4 -64.24,299.4 -64.05,299.4 -63.86,299.4 -63.67,299.4 -63.48,299.4 -63.29,299.4 -63.1))"]	["POINT(-58 -64.05)"]	false	false
Shortwave Spectroradiometer Data from Ross Island, Antarctica	1141939	2017-12-12	Lubin, Dan	Antarctic Cloud Physics: Fundamental Observations from Ross Island	In this project we made fundamental measurements of cloud optical and microphysical properties at Ross Island, Antarctica, using a versatile shortwave spectroradiometer (Panalytical, Inc.) acquired for atmospheric field research by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). This instrument measures downwelling spectral irradiance at the Earth surface in the wavelength interval 350-2200 nm. From this data set one can retrieve properties of coastal Antarctic stratiform clouds including optical depth, thermodynamic phase, liquid water droplet effective radius, and ice cloud effective particle size. The instrument was installed at Arrival Heights, and measurements were made from 10 October 2012 to 4 February 2013. Spectral data recorded in one-minute averages, with some gaps for instrument maintenance and data backup, and some occasional down time when the site was inaccessible. Active satellite remote sensing data (CloudSat and CALIPSO) were used for validation and interpretation of the spectroradiometer retrievals (Scott and Lubin 2014). <br><br>There are two reasons why this measurement program remains timely. One straightforward reason involves the location of McMurdo Station, which is the US Antarctic Programs air transport entry point to the continent. Improvements in our knowledge of atmospheric physics in this region can eventually lead to improvements in numerical weather forecasting relevant to aviation. A second reason involves the recent advances in cloud microphysics for global climate model simulation. Mixed-phase cloud parameterizations have become very sophisticated, requiring validation with each new improvement. Traditional observational test cases - from the Arctic or mid-latitude storm systems - are often quite complex. A coastal Antarctic site at very high latitudes can provide more straightforward cases for testing current microphysical parameterizations. Over Ross Island aerosol and cloud nucleation sources are essentially all natural and oceanic, and cloud geometry is simple, while at the same time there is abundant supercooled cloud liquid water. <br><br>Ancillary meteorological data from the McMurdo Weather Office are also included here for help in interpreting the spectroradiometer data, including rawinsonde profiles, surface weather observations from the active ice runway, and automated FMQ19 surface weather measurements from Williams Field and Pegasus runway. For interpretation of clear sky or nearly cloud-free irradiance spectra (i.e., when a large fraction of the irradiance is directional from the Sun and not diffused by clouds), we recommend consulting Meywerk and Ramanathan (1999) for information about the Panalytical instruments cosine response.	["POLYGON((166.31 -77.5203,166.38265 -77.5203,166.4553 -77.5203,166.52795 -77.5203,166.6006 -77.5203,166.67325 -77.5203,166.7459 -77.5203,166.81855 -77.5203,166.8912 -77.5203,166.96385 -77.5203,167.0365 -77.5203,167.0365 -77.52527,167.0365 -77.53024,167.0365 -77.53521,167.0365 -77.54018,167.0365 -77.54515,167.0365 -77.55012,167.0365 -77.55509,167.0365 -77.56006,167.0365 -77.56503,167.0365 -77.57,166.96385 -77.57,166.8912 -77.57,166.81855 -77.57,166.7459 -77.57,166.67325 -77.57,166.6006 -77.57,166.52795 -77.57,166.4553 -77.57,166.38265 -77.57,166.31 -77.57,166.31 -77.56503,166.31 -77.56006,166.31 -77.55509,166.31 -77.55012,166.31 -77.54515,166.31 -77.54018,166.31 -77.53521,166.31 -77.53024,166.31 -77.52527,166.31 -77.5203))"]	["POINT(166.67325 -77.54515)"]	false	false
NBP1402 Lowered ADCP data	1143834	2017-11-15	Huber, Bruce	Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics	Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP) data collected concurrently with 15 CTD profiles during NBP1402. The LADCP acquires profiles of water current, expressed as U and V components (E-W and N-S).	["POLYGON((117 -66,119.9 -66,122.8 -66,125.7 -66,128.6 -66,131.5 -66,134.4 -66,137.3 -66,140.2 -66,143.1 -66,146 -66,146 -66.1,146 -66.2,146 -66.3,146 -66.4,146 -66.5,146 -66.6,146 -66.7,146 -66.8,146 -66.9,146 -67,143.1 -67,140.2 -67,137.3 -67,134.4 -67,131.5 -67,128.6 -67,125.7 -67,122.8 -67,119.9 -67,117 -67,117 -66.9,117 -66.8,117 -66.7,117 -66.6,117 -66.5,117 -66.4,117 -66.3,117 -66.2,117 -66.1,117 -66))"]	["POINT(131.5 -66.5)"]	false	false
Data from Schram et al. 2017 MEPS	1041022	2017-10-20	Amsler, Charles; Schram, Julie	The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica		["POLYGON((-64.5 -64.5,-64.45 -64.5,-64.4 -64.5,-64.35 -64.5,-64.3 -64.5,-64.25 -64.5,-64.2 -64.5,-64.15 -64.5,-64.1 -64.5,-64.05 -64.5,-64 -64.5,-64 -64.54,-64 -64.58,-64 -64.62,-64 -64.66,-64 -64.7,-64 -64.74,-64 -64.78,-64 -64.82,-64 -64.86,-64 -64.9,-64.05 -64.9,-64.1 -64.9,-64.15 -64.9,-64.2 -64.9,-64.25 -64.9,-64.3 -64.9,-64.35 -64.9,-64.4 -64.9,-64.45 -64.9,-64.5 -64.9,-64.5 -64.86,-64.5 -64.82,-64.5 -64.78,-64.5 -64.74,-64.5 -64.7,-64.5 -64.66,-64.5 -64.62,-64.5 -64.58,-64.5 -64.54,-64.5 -64.5))"]	["POINT(-64.25 -64.7)"]	false	false
Antarctic emerald rockcod have the capacity to compensate for warming when uncoupled from CO2-acidification	1142122	2017-08-07	Todgham, Anne; Miller, Nathan	RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes	This dataset includes data from the publication Davis et al - Antarctic emerald rockcod have the capacity to compensate for warming when uncoupled from CO2-acidification. Included are data on cardiorespiratory physiology, survival, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity, behavior (scototaxis & activity) and seawater chemistry.	["POLYGON((166 -77.5,166.1 -77.5,166.2 -77.5,166.3 -77.5,166.4 -77.5,166.5 -77.5,166.6 -77.5,166.7 -77.5,166.8 -77.5,166.9 -77.5,167 -77.5,167 -77.55,167 -77.6,167 -77.65,167 -77.7,167 -77.75,167 -77.8,167 -77.85,167 -77.9,167 -77.95,167 -78,166.9 -78,166.8 -78,166.7 -78,166.6 -78,166.5 -78,166.4 -78,166.3 -78,166.2 -78,166.1 -78,166 -78,166 -77.95,166 -77.9,166 -77.85,166 -77.8,166 -77.75,166 -77.7,166 -77.65,166 -77.6,166 -77.55,166 -77.5))"]	["POINT(166.5 -77.75)"]	false	false
Seasonal Succession of Bacterial Communities in Coastal Waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula	1141993	2017-06-12	Rich, Jeremy	Collaborative Research: Microbial Community Assembly in Coastal Waters of the Western Antarctic Peninsula	From winter to late summer during the 2013-2014 season at Palmer Station, Antarctica, we collected weekly to bi-weekly samples of the seawater intake to measure changes in bacterial community composition, based on sequencing 16S rRNA genes. Along with the sequences, we collected data on environmental parameters in the samples (chlorophyll a, bacterial production, salinity, nutrients, bacterial cell numbers, and particulate organic carbon and nitrogen).	["POINT(-64.05 -64.77)"]	["POINT(-64.05 -64.77)"]	false	false
Physiological and biochemical measurements on Antarctic dragonfish (Gymnodraco acuticeps) from McMurdo Sound	1142122	2017-06-01	Miller, Nathan; Todgham, Anne; Davis, Brittany; Flynn, Erin	RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes	This dataset includes data from the publication "Flynn, et al. (2015) - Ocean acidification exerts negative effects under warming conditions in a developing Antarctic fish". Included are data on embryo survival, development, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity (citrate synthase), whole embryo osmolality and seawater chemistry.	["POLYGON((166.163 -76.665,166.2635 -76.665,166.364 -76.665,166.4645 -76.665,166.565 -76.665,166.6655 -76.665,166.766 -76.665,166.8665 -76.665,166.967 -76.665,167.0675 -76.665,167.168 -76.665,167.168 -76.782,167.168 -76.899,167.168 -77.016,167.168 -77.133,167.168 -77.25,167.168 -77.367,167.168 -77.484,167.168 -77.601,167.168 -77.718,167.168 -77.835,167.0675 -77.835,166.967 -77.835,166.8665 -77.835,166.766 -77.835,166.6655 -77.835,166.565 -77.835,166.4645 -77.835,166.364 -77.835,166.2635 -77.835,166.163 -77.835,166.163 -77.718,166.163 -77.601,166.163 -77.484,166.163 -77.367,166.163 -77.25,166.163 -77.133,166.163 -77.016,166.163 -76.899,166.163 -76.782,166.163 -76.665))"]	["POINT(166.6655 -77.25)"]	false	false
Physiological and biochemical measurements on juvenile Antarctic rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii) from McMurdo Sound	1142122	2017-05-20	Miller, Nathan; Todgham, Anne; Davis, Brittany; Flynn, Erin	RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes	This dataset includes data from the publication "Davis, et al. (2016) - Juvenile Antarctic rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii) are physiologically robust to CO2-acidified seawater". Included are data on cardiorespiratory physiology, survival, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity (citrate synthase) and seawater chemistry.	["POLYGON((166.163 -76.665,166.2635 -76.665,166.364 -76.665,166.4645 -76.665,166.565 -76.665,166.6655 -76.665,166.766 -76.665,166.8665 -76.665,166.967 -76.665,167.0675 -76.665,167.168 -76.665,167.168 -76.782,167.168 -76.899,167.168 -77.016,167.168 -77.133,167.168 -77.25,167.168 -77.367,167.168 -77.484,167.168 -77.601,167.168 -77.718,167.168 -77.835,167.0675 -77.835,166.967 -77.835,166.8665 -77.835,166.766 -77.835,166.6655 -77.835,166.565 -77.835,166.4645 -77.835,166.364 -77.835,166.2635 -77.835,166.163 -77.835,166.163 -77.718,166.163 -77.601,166.163 -77.484,166.163 -77.367,166.163 -77.25,166.163 -77.133,166.163 -77.016,166.163 -76.899,166.163 -76.782,166.163 -76.665))"]	["POINT(166.6655 -77.25)"]	false	false
Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos	1141877	2017-01-10	Aronson, Richard	Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos	Elevated temperatures and ocean acidification are both threatening the Southern Ocean. The effects of these environmental changes are poorly understood, but preliminary data suggest that they are driving a biological invasion. Specifically, large populations of skeleton-crushing king crabs, Paralomis birsteini, have been detected off Marguerite Bay on the West Antarctic Peninsula. These crabs appear to be invading the continental shelf region where benthic communities have evolved in the absence of such top-predators. Thus, this invasion could result in a wholesale restructuring of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem. The proposed work seeks to document this invasion and better understand the effects of the introduction of P. birsteini on the ecology of this region. A towed underwater vehicle will be used to photographically image communities, and communities with and without P. birsteini will be compared quantitatively. Additionally, crabs will trapped and various aspects of their morphology and physiology will be assessed. This research is unique in that it will document a biological invasion in real-time and it will therefore enhance our general understandings of the drivers of invasion and resilience in biological communities. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of undergraduate and graduate students and will foster an international collaboration with British scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach thorough the development of K-12 curricular materials.	[]	[]	false	false
Activation of high-elevation alluvial fans in the Transantarctic Mountains - a proxy for Plio-Pleistocene warmth along East Antarctic ice margins	1043554	2016-11-09	Willenbring, Jane	Collaborative Research: Activation of high-elevation alluvial fans in the Transantarctic Mountains - a proxy for Plio-Pleistocene warmth along East Antarctic ice margins	The PIs propose to address the question of whether ice surface melting zones developed at high elevations during warm climatic phases in the Transantarctic Mountains. Evidence from sediment cores drilled by the ANDRILL program indicates that open water in the Ross Sea could have been a source of warmth during Pliocene and Pleistocene. The question is whether marine warmth penetrated inland to the ice sheet margins. The glacial record may be ill suited to answer this question, as cold-based glaciers may respond too slowly to register brief warmth. Questions also surround possible orbital controls on regional climate and ice sheet margins. Northern Hemisphere insolation at obliquity and precession timescales is thought to control Antarctic climate through oceanic or atmospheric connections, but new thinking suggests that the duration of Southern Hemisphere summer may be more important. The PIs propose to use high elevation alluvial deposits in the Transantarctic Mountains as a proxy for inland warmth. These relatively young fans, channels, and debris flow levees stand out as visible evidence for the presence of melt water in an otherwise ancient, frozen landscape. Based on initial analyses of an alluvial fan in the Olympus Range, these deposits are sensitive recorders of rare melt events that occur at orbital timescales. For their study they will 1) map alluvial deposits using aerial photography, satellite imagery and GPS assisted field surveys to establish water sources and to quantify parameters effecting melt water production, 2) date stratigraphic sequences within these deposits using OSL, cosmogenic nuclide, and interbedded volcanic ash chronologies, 3) use paired nuclide analyses to estimate exposure and burial times, and rates of deposition and erosion, and 4) use micro and regional scale climate modeling to estimate paleoenvironmental conditions associated with melt events. This study will produce a record of inland melting from sites adjacent to ice sheet margins to help determine controls on regional climate along margins of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to aid ice sheet and sea level modeling studies. The proposal will support several graduate and undergraduates. A PhD student will be supported on existing funding. The PIs will work with multiple K-12 schools to conduct interviews and webcasts from Antarctica and they will make follow up visits to classrooms after the field season is complete.	["POINT(161.5 -77.5)"]	["POINT(161.5 -77.5)"]	false	false
CTD Data Acquired by R/V Xue Long in the Prydz Bay- Amery Ice Shelf Region, 2015-2017	1443444	2016-05-02	Yuan, Xiaojun	Collaborative Research: Contribution of Prydz Bay Shelf Water to Antarctic Bottom Water Formation	This dataset contains inventories and location maps for CTD data acquired by the icebreaker R/V Xue Long in the Prydz Bay- Amery Ice Shelf region. A total of 68 stations were acquired in February 2015 and 24 stations in March 2017, as part of a joint US/China project to study Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation.	["POLYGON((65.4503 -63.5143,67.2063 -63.5143,68.9623 -63.5143,70.7183 -63.5143,72.4743 -63.5143,74.2303 -63.5143,75.9863 -63.5143,77.7423 -63.5143,79.4983 -63.5143,81.2543 -63.5143,83.0103 -63.5143,83.0103 -64.09423,83.0103 -64.67416,83.0103 -65.25409,83.0103 -65.83402,83.0103 -66.41395,83.0103 -66.99388,83.0103 -67.57381,83.0103 -68.15374,83.0103 -68.73367,83.0103 -69.3136,81.2543 -69.3136,79.4983 -69.3136,77.7423 -69.3136,75.9863 -69.3136,74.2303 -69.3136,72.4743 -69.3136,70.7183 -69.3136,68.9623 -69.3136,67.2063 -69.3136,65.4503 -69.3136,65.4503 -68.73367,65.4503 -68.15374,65.4503 -67.57381,65.4503 -66.99388,65.4503 -66.41395,65.4503 -65.83402,65.4503 -65.25409,65.4503 -64.67416,65.4503 -64.09423,65.4503 -63.5143))"]	["POINT(74.2303 -66.41395)"]	false	false
Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos	1141877	2016-01-01	Aronson, Richard	Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos	Elevated temperatures and ocean acidification are both threatening the Southern Ocean. The effects of these environmental changes are poorly understood, but preliminary data suggest that they are driving a biological invasion. Specifically, large populations of skeleton-crushing king crabs, Paralomis birsteini, have been detected off Marguerite Bay on the West Antarctic Peninsula. These crabs appear to be invading the continental shelf region where benthic communities have evolved in the absence of such top-predators. Thus, this invasion could result in a wholesale restructuring of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem. The proposed work seeks to document this invasion and better understand the effects of the introduction of P. birsteini on the ecology of this region. A towed underwater vehicle will be used to photographically image communities, and communities with and without P. birsteini will be compared quantitatively. Additionally, crabs will trapped and various aspects of their morphology and physiology will be assessed. This research is unique in that it will document a biological invasion in real-time and it will therefore enhance our general understandings of the drivers of invasion and resilience in biological communities. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of undergraduate and graduate students and will foster an international collaboration with British scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach thorough the development of K-12 curricular materials.	["POLYGON((-111.18 -49.98,-105.429 -49.98,-99.678 -49.98,-93.927 -49.98,-88.176 -49.98,-82.425 -49.98,-76.674 -49.98,-70.923 -49.98,-65.172 -49.98,-59.421 -49.98,-53.67 -49.98,-53.67 -52.826,-53.67 -55.672,-53.67 -58.518,-53.67 -61.364,-53.67 -64.21,-53.67 -67.056,-53.67 -69.902,-53.67 -72.748,-53.67 -75.594,-53.67 -78.44,-59.421 -78.44,-65.172 -78.44,-70.923 -78.44,-76.674 -78.44,-82.425 -78.44,-88.176 -78.44,-93.927 -78.44,-99.678 -78.44,-105.429 -78.44,-111.18 -78.44,-111.18 -75.594,-111.18 -72.748,-111.18 -69.902,-111.18 -67.056,-111.18 -64.21,-111.18 -61.364,-111.18 -58.518,-111.18 -55.672,-111.18 -52.826,-111.18 -49.98))"]	["POINT(-82.425 -64.21)"]	false	false
Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability and Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake and Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)	0839059	2016-01-01	Powell, Ross	Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability & Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake & Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)	The LISSARD project (Lake and Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) is one of three research components of the WISSARD integrative initiative (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) that is being funded by the Antarctic Integrated System Science Program of NSF's Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. The overarching scientific objective of WISSARD is to assess the role of water beneath a West Antarctic ice stream in interlinked glaciological, geological, microbiological, geochemical, and oceanographic systems. The LISSARD component of WISSARD focuses on the role of active subglacial lakes in determining how fast the West Antarctic ice sheet loses mass to the global ocean and influences global sea level changes. The importance of Antarctic subglacial lakes has only been recently recognized, and the lakes have been identified as high priority targets for scientific investigations because of their unknown contributions to ice sheet stability under future global warming scenarios. LISSARD has several primary science goals: A) To provide an observational basis for improving treatments of subglacial hydrological and mechanical processes in models of ice sheet mass balance and stability; B) To reconstruct the past history of ice stream stability by analyzing archives of past basal water and ice flow variability contained in subglacial sediments, porewater, lake water, and basal accreted ice; C) To provide background understanding of subglacial lake environments to benefit RAGES and GBASE (the other two components of the WISSARD project); and D) To synthesize data and concepts developed as part of this project to determine whether subglacial lakes play an important role in (de)stabilizing Antarctic ice sheets. We propose an unprecedented synthesis of approaches to studying ice sheet processes, including: (1) satellite remote sensing, (2) surface geophysics, (3) borehole observations and measurements and, (4) basal and subglacial sampling. The latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recognized that the greatest uncertainties in assessing future global sea-level change stem from a poor understanding of ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet vulnerability to oceanic and atmospheric warming. Disintegration of the WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) alone would contribute 3-5 m to global sea-level rise, making WAIS a focus of scientific concern due to its potential susceptibility to internal or ocean-driven instability. The overall WISSARD project will test the overarching hypothesis that active water drainage connects various subglacial environments and exerts major control on ice sheet flow, geochemistry, metabolic and phylogenetic diversity, and biogeochemical transformations. Societal Relevance: Global warming, melting of ice sheets and consequential sea-level rise are of high societal relevance. Science Resource Development: After a 9-year hiatus WISSARD will provide the US-science community with a renewed capability to access and study sub-ice sheet environments. Developing this technological infrastructure will benefit the broader science community and assets will be accessible for future use through the NSF-OPP drilling contractor. Furthermore, these projects will pioneer an approach implementing recommendations from the National Research Council committee on Principles of Environmental Stewardship for the Exploration and Study of Subglacial Environments (2007). Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating them in our research programs; ii) introducing new investigators to the polar sciences by incorporating promising young investigators in our programs, iii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by incorporating various teachers and NSTA programs, and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as popular science magazines, museum based activities and videography and documentary films. In summary, WISSARD will promote scientific exploration of Antarctica by conveying to the public the excitement of accessing and studying what may be some of the last unexplored aquatic environments on Earth, and which represent a potential analogue for extraterrestrial life habitats on Europa and Mars.	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Linking the Movement Patterns and Foraging Behavior of Humpback Whales to their Prey across Multiple Spatial Scales within the LTER Study Region	1250208	2016-01-01	Friedlaender, Ari; Johnston, David; Nowacek, Douglas	RAPID: Linking the Movement Patterns and Foraging Behavior of Humpback Whales to their Prey across Multiple Spatial Scales within the LTER Study Region	Whales play a central role in the ecology and biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean. However, little is known regarding their distribution and behavior, in part because of challenges associated with studying these organisms from large research vessels. This research will take advantage of the unique opportunity presented by the 2012-2013 test run of the smaller, more mobile R/V Point Sur. This work will use the Point Sur to investigate humpback whales in the waters studied by the Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Station off the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Employing a combination of long-term satellite-linked tags and short-term suction cup tags, researchers will investigate the distribution, abundance and foraging behaviors of whales in this region. Whale biogeography will then be related to quantitative surveys of krill, their primary food source. Hypotheses regarding whale distribution and foraging strategies as well as physical oceanographic features will be tested. The WAP is undergoing some of the most dramatic warming on the planet, and a better understanding of the ecology of top predators is central to developing an understanding of the impacts of this change. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. Finally, this work will be coordinated with the extensive infrastructure of the Palmer LTER site, enabling outreach and educational activities.	["POLYGON((-80 -63,-78 -63,-76 -63,-74 -63,-72 -63,-70 -63,-68 -63,-66 -63,-64 -63,-62 -63,-60 -63,-60 -63.7,-60 -64.4,-60 -65.1,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.5,-60 -67.2,-60 -67.9,-60 -68.6,-60 -69.3,-60 -70,-62 -70,-64 -70,-66 -70,-68 -70,-70 -70,-72 -70,-74 -70,-76 -70,-78 -70,-80 -70,-80 -69.3,-80 -68.6,-80 -67.9,-80 -67.2,-80 -66.5,-80 -65.8,-80 -65.1,-80 -64.4,-80 -63.7,-80 -63))"]	["POINT(-70 -66.5)"]	false	false
Decoding & Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs	1043580	2016-01-01	Reusch, David	Collaborative Research: Decoding & Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs	The presence of ice ponds from surface melting of glacial ice can be a significant threshold in assessing the stability of ice sheets, and their overall response to a warming climate. Snow melt has a much reduced albedo, leading to additional seasonal melting from warming insolation. Water run-off not only contributes to the mass loss of ice sheets directly, but meltwater reaching the glacial ice bed may lubricate faster flow of ice sheets towards the ocean. Surficial meltwater may also reach the grounding lines of glacial ice through the wedging open of existing crevasses. The occurrence and amount of meltwater refreeze has even been suggested as a paleo proxy of near-surface atmospheric temperature regimes. Using contemporary remote sensing (microwave) satellite assessment of surface melt occurrence and extent, the predictive skill of regional meteorological models and reanalyses (e.g. WRF, ERA-Interim) to describe the synoptic conditions favourable to surficial melt is to be investigated. Statistical approaches and pattern recognition techniques are argued to provide a context for projecting future ice sheet change. The previous Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4) commented on our lack of understanding of ice-sheet mass balance processes in polar regions and the potential for sea-level change. The IPPC suggested that the forthcoming AR5 efforts highlight regional cryosphere modeling efforts, such as is proposed here.	["POLYGON((-180 -47,-144 -47,-108 -47,-72 -47,-36 -47,0 -47,36 -47,72 -47,108 -47,144 -47,180 -47,180 -51.3,180 -55.6,180 -59.9,180 -64.2,180 -68.5,180 -72.8,180 -77.1,180 -81.4,180 -85.7,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -85.7,-180 -81.4,-180 -77.1,-180 -72.8,-180 -68.5,-180 -64.2,-180 -59.9,-180 -55.6,-180 -51.3,-180 -47))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization	1355533	2016-01-01	Dayton, Paul	EAGER: A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization	Antarctic benthic communities are characterized by many species of sponges (Phylum Porifera), long thought to exhibit extremely slow demographic patterns of settlement, growth and reproduction. This project will analyze many hundreds of diver and remotely operated underwater vehicle photographs documenting a unique, episodic settlement event that occurred between 2000 and 2010 in McMurdo Sound that challenges this paradigm of slow growth. Artificial structures were placed on the seafloor between 1967 and 1974 at several sites, but no sponges were observed to settle on these structures until 2004. By 2010 some 40 species of sponges had settled and grown to be surprisingly large. Given the paradigm of slow settlement and growth supported by the long observation period (37 years, 1967-2004), this extraordinary large-scale settlement and rapid growth over just a 6-year time span is astonishing. This project utilizes image processing software (ImageJ) to obtain metrics (linear dimensions to estimate size, frequency, percent cover) for sponges and other fauna visible in the photographs. It uses R to conduct multidimensional scaling to ordinate community data and ANOSIM to test for differences of community data among sites and times and structures. It will also use SIMPER and ranked species abundances to discriminate species responsible for any differences. This work focuses on Antarctic sponges, but the observations of massive episodic recruitment and growth are important to understanding seafloor communities worldwide. Ecosystems are composed of populations, and populations are ecologically described by their distribution and abundance. A little appreciated fact is that sponges often dominate marine communities, but because sponges are so hard to study, most workers focus on other groups such as corals, kelps, or bivalves. Because most sponges settle and grow slowly their life history is virtually unstudied. The assumption of relative stasis of the Antarctic seafloor community is common, and this project will shatter this paradigm by documenting a dramatic episodic event. Finally, the project takes advantage of old transects from the 1960s and 1970s and compares them with extensive 2010 surveys of the same habitats and sometimes the same intact transect lines, offering a long-term perspective of community change. The investigators will publish these results in peer-reviewed journals, give presentations to the general public and will involve students from local outreach programs, high schools, and undergraduates at UCSD to help with the analysis.	["POLYGON((163 -78,163.4 -78,163.8 -78,164.2 -78,164.6 -78,165 -78,165.4 -78,165.8 -78,166.2 -78,166.6 -78,167 -78,167 -78.05,167 -78.1,167 -78.15,167 -78.2,167 -78.25,167 -78.3,167 -78.35,167 -78.4,167 -78.45,167 -78.5,166.6 -78.5,166.2 -78.5,165.8 -78.5,165.4 -78.5,165 -78.5,164.6 -78.5,164.2 -78.5,163.8 -78.5,163.4 -78.5,163 -78.5,163 -78.45,163 -78.4,163 -78.35,163 -78.3,163 -78.25,163 -78.2,163 -78.15,163 -78.1,163 -78.05,163 -78))"]	["POINT(165 -78.25)"]	false	false
Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability and Subglacial Life Habitats - Robotic Access to Grounding-zones for Exploration and Science (RAGES)	0839107	2016-01-01	Powell, Ross	Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability & Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake & Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)	The RAGES project (Robotic Access to Grounding zones for Exploration and Science) is one of three research components of the WISSARD (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) integrative initiative that is being funded by the Antarctic Integrated System Science Program of NSF's Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. The overarching scientific objective of WISSARD is to assess the role of water beneath a West Antarctic ice stream in interlinked glaciological, geological, microbiological, geochemical, and oceanographic systems. The RAGES component of WISSARD concentrates on the stability of ice stream grounding zones (GZ), the area where the ice, ocean waters and glacial and sea floor sediment interact. Based on our present limited data and modeling efforts, GZs can be perturbed by (i) internal ice stream dynamics, (ii) filling/draining cycles of subglacial lakes, (iii) increased melting by warming ocean waters, and/or (iv) rates of subglacial sediment (till) supply to the GZ. GZs are seen as high priority targets to investigate due to their unknown contributions to ice sheet stability under future global warming scenarios. The three main science goals for RAGES are to assess: (a) West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) stability relative to the magnitudes of the four main variables listed above; (b) the degree to which grounding-zone sedimentary systems house important records of past WAIS dynamics; and (c) the importance of microbial activity and subglacial geochemical weathering in supplying nutrients to the WAIS grounding zone, the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) cavity, and the highly productive Southern Ocean that may ultimately influence global biogeochemical cycles. The RAGES field sampling plan integrates surface geophysical surveys with borehole and subglacial sampling and measurements. The boreholes provide: (1) samples of subglacial water, sediments, and basal ice for biological, geochemical, glaciological, sedimentological, and micropaleontological analyses; (2) measures of subglacial and sub-ice-shelf cavity physical and chemical conditions and their spatial variability; and (3) data on sediment types, state and change of the subglacial water discharge, oceanography, and basal ice at the grounding line and within the nearby sub-ice-shelf cavity. Unique tools to be deployed include a multisensor Sub-Ice ROVer (Remotely Operated Vehicle) and long-term, sub-ice oceanographic moorings. The latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recognized that the greatest uncertainties in assessing future global sea-level change stem from a poor understanding of ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet vulnerability to oceanic and atmospheric warming. Disintegration of the WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) alone would contribute 3-5 m to global sea-level rise, making WAIS a focus of scientific concern due to its potential susceptibility to internal or ocean-driven instability. The overall WISSARD project will test the overarching hypothesis that active water drainage connects various subglacial environments and exerts major control on ice sheet flow, geochemistry, metabolic and phylogenetic diversity, and biogeochemical transformations. Societal Relevance: Global warming, melting of ice sheets and consequential sea-level rise are of high societal relevance. Science Resource Development: After a 9-year hiatus WISSARD will provide the US-science community with a renewed capability to access and study sub-ice sheet environments. Developing this technological infrastructure will benefit the broader science community and assets will be accessible for future use through the NSF-OPP drilling contractor. The RAGES project represents a significant advance in polar technology by incorporating the use of complex new instrumentation like the Sub-Ice ROVer and subglacial ocean/lake mooring systems. Furthermore, these projects will pioneer an approach implementing recommendations from the National Research Council committee on Principles of Environmental Stewardship for the Exploration and Study of Subglacial Environments (2007). Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating them in our research programs; ii) introducing new investigators to the polar sciences by incorporating promising young investigators in our programs, iii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by incorporating various teachers and NSTA programs, and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as popular science magazines, museum based activities and videography and documentary films. In summary, WISSARD will promote scientific exploration of Antarctica by conveying to the public the excitement of accessing and studying what may be some of the last unexplored aquatic environments on Earth, and which represent a potential analogue for extraterrestrial life habitats on Europa and Mars.	["POLYGON((-163.7 -84,-163.68 -84,-163.66 -84,-163.64 -84,-163.62 -84,-163.6 -84,-163.58 -84,-163.56 -84,-163.54 -84,-163.52 -84,-163.5 -84,-163.5 -84.05,-163.5 -84.1,-163.5 -84.15,-163.5 -84.2,-163.5 -84.25,-163.5 -84.3,-163.5 -84.35,-163.5 -84.4,-163.5 -84.45,-163.5 -84.5,-163.52 -84.5,-163.54 -84.5,-163.56 -84.5,-163.58 -84.5,-163.6 -84.5,-163.62 -84.5,-163.64 -84.5,-163.66 -84.5,-163.68 -84.5,-163.7 -84.5,-163.7 -84.45,-163.7 -84.4,-163.7 -84.35,-163.7 -84.3,-163.7 -84.25,-163.7 -84.2,-163.7 -84.15,-163.7 -84.1,-163.7 -84.05,-163.7 -84))"]	["POINT(-163.6 -84.25)"]	false	false
Mount Moulton Isotopes and Other Ice Core Data	0230316	2015-11-24	Steig, Eric J.; White, James; Popp, Trevor	Collaborative Research: Refining a 500-kry Climate Record From the Moulton Blue Ice Field in West Antarctica	This data set consists of water isotope ratios from the Mt. Moulton ice-trench record, as well as data from the Taylor Dome, EPICA Dome C, Talos Dome, Vostok, and EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice cores.	["POINT(-134.43 -74.04)"]	["POINT(-134.43 -74.04)"]	false	false
Cryptic Hydrology of the McMurdo Dry Valleys: Water Track Contributions to Water and Geochemical Budgets in Taylor Valley, Antarctica	1343649	2015-01-01	Levy, Joseph	Cryptic Hydrology of the McMurdo Dry Valleys: Water Track Contributions to Water and Geochemical Budgets in Taylor Valley, Antarctica	The PIs propose to quantify the hillslope water, solute, and carbon budgets for Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, using water tracks to investigate near-surface geological processes and challenge the paradigm that shallow groundwater is minimal or non-exixtant. Water tracks are linear zones of high soil moisture that route shallow groundwater downslope in permafrost dominated soils. Four hypotheses will be tested: 1) water tracks are important pathways for water and solute transport; 2) water tracks transport more dissolved silica than streams in Taylor Valley indicating they are the primary site of chemical weathering for cold desert soils and bedrock; 3) water tracks that drain highland terrains are dominated by humidity-separated brines while water tracks that drain lowland terrains are dominated by marine aerosols; 4) water tracks are the sites of the highest terrestrial soil carbon concentrations and the strongest CO2 fluxes in Taylor Valley and their carbon content increases with soil age, while carbon flux decreases with age. To test these hypotheses the PIs will carry out a suite of field measurements supported by modeling and remote sensing. They will install shallow permafrost wells in water tracks that span the range of geological, climatological, and topographic conditions in Taylor Valley. Multifrequency electromagnetic induction sounding of the upper ~1 m of the permafrost will create the first comprehensive map of soil moisture in Taylor Valley, and will permit direct quantification of water track discharge across the valley. The carbon contents of water track soils will be measured and linked to global carbon dynamics. Non-science majors at Oregon State University will be integrated into the proposed research through a new Global Environmental Change course focusing on the scientific method in Antarctica. Three undergraduate students, members of underrepresented minorities, will be entrained in the research, will contribute to all aspects of field and laboratory science, and will present results at national meetings.	["POLYGON((162.852 -77.6111,162.9893 -77.6111,163.1266 -77.6111,163.2639 -77.6111,163.4012 -77.6111,163.5385 -77.6111,163.6758 -77.6111,163.8131 -77.6111,163.9504 -77.6111,164.0877 -77.6111,164.225 -77.6111,164.225 -77.65331,164.225 -77.69552,164.225 -77.73773,164.225 -77.77994,164.225 -77.82215,164.225 -77.86436,164.225 -77.90657,164.225 -77.94878,164.225 -77.99099,164.225 -78.0332,164.0877 -78.0332,163.9504 -78.0332,163.8131 -78.0332,163.6758 -78.0332,163.5385 -78.0332,163.4012 -78.0332,163.2639 -78.0332,163.1266 -78.0332,162.9893 -78.0332,162.852 -78.0332,162.852 -77.99099,162.852 -77.94878,162.852 -77.90657,162.852 -77.86436,162.852 -77.82215,162.852 -77.77994,162.852 -77.73773,162.852 -77.69552,162.852 -77.65331,162.852 -77.6111))"]	["POINT(163.5385 -77.82215)"]	false	false
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica	1043657	2015-01-01	Cassano, John; Palo, Scott	Collaborative Research: Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica	Antarctic coastal polynas are, at the same time, sea-ice free sites and 'sea-ice factories'. They are open water surface locations where water mass transformation and densification occurs, and where atmospheric exchanges with the deep ocean circulation are established. Various models of the formation and persistence of these productive and diverse ocean ecosystems are hampered by the relative lack of in situ meteorological and physical oceanographic observations, especially during the inhospitable conditions of their formation and activity during the polar night. Characterization of the lower atmosphere properties, air-sea surface heat fluxes and corresponding ocean hydrographic profiles of Antarctic polynyas, especially during strong wind events, is sought for a more detailed understanding of the role of polynyas in the production of latent-heat type sea ice and the formation, through sea ice brine rejection, of dense ocean bottom waters. A key technological innovation in this work continues to be the use of instrumented unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), to enable the persistent and safe observation of the interaction of light and strong katabatic wind fields, and mesocale cyclones in the Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Antarctica) polynya waters during late winter and early summer time frames.	["POLYGON((163 -74.5,163.9 -74.5,164.8 -74.5,165.7 -74.5,166.6 -74.5,167.5 -74.5,168.4 -74.5,169.3 -74.5,170.2 -74.5,171.1 -74.5,172 -74.5,172 -74.9,172 -75.3,172 -75.7,172 -76.1,172 -76.5,172 -76.9,172 -77.3,172 -77.7,172 -78.1,172 -78.5,171.1 -78.5,170.2 -78.5,169.3 -78.5,168.4 -78.5,167.5 -78.5,166.6 -78.5,165.7 -78.5,164.8 -78.5,163.9 -78.5,163 -78.5,163 -78.1,163 -77.7,163 -77.3,163 -76.9,163 -76.5,163 -76.1,163 -75.7,163 -75.3,163 -74.9,163 -74.5))"]	["POINT(167.5 -76.5)"]	false	false
A New Reconstruction of the Last West Antarctic Ice Sheet Deglaciation in the Ross Sea	1043485	2015-01-01	Kurz, Mark D.; Curtice, Josh	Collaborative Research: A New Reconstruction of the Last West Antarctic Ice Sheet Deglaciation in the Ross Sea	This award supports a project to develop a better understanding of the response of the WAIS to climate change. The timing of the last deglaciation of the western Ross Sea will be improved using in situ terrestrial cosmogenic nuclides (3He, 10Be, 14C, 26Al, 36Cl) to date glacial erratics at key areas and elevations along the western Ross Sea coast. A state-of-the art ice sheet-shelf model will be used to identify mechanisms of deglaciation of the Ross Sea sector of WAIS. The model results and forcing will be compared with observations including the new cosmogenic data proposed here, with the aim of better determining and understanding the history and causes of WAIS deglaciation in the Ross Sea. There is considerable uncertainty, however, in the history of grounding line retreat from its last glacial maximum position, and virtually nothing is known about the timing of ice- surface lowering prior to ~10,000 years ago. Given these uncertainties, we are currently unable to assess one of the most important questions regarding the last deglaciation of the global ice sheets, namely as to whether the Ross Sea sector of WAIS contributed significantly to meltwater pulse 1A (MWP-1A), an extraordinarily rapid (~500-year duration) episode of ~20 m sea-level rise that occurred ~14,500 years ago. The intellectual merit of this project is that recent observations of startling changes at the margins of the Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets indicate that dynamic responses to warming may play a much greater role in the future mass balance of ice sheets than considered in current numerical projections of sea level rise. The broader impacts of this work are that it has direct societal relevance to developing an improved understanding of the response of the West Antarctic ice sheet to current and possible future environmental changes including the sea-level response to glacier and ice sheet melting due to global warming. The PI will communicate results from this project to a variety of audiences through the publication of peer-reviewed papers and by giving talks to public audiences. Finally the project will support a graduate student and undergraduate students in all phases of field-work, laboratory work and data interpretation.	["POLYGON((163.4 -77.47989,163.9848 -77.47989,164.5696 -77.47989,165.1544 -77.47989,165.7392 -77.47989,166.324 -77.47989,166.9088 -77.47989,167.4936 -77.47989,168.0784 -77.47989,168.6632 -77.47989,169.248 -77.47989,169.248 -77.565701,169.248 -77.651512,169.248 -77.737323,169.248 -77.823134,169.248 -77.908945,169.248 -77.994756,169.248 -78.080567,169.248 -78.166378,169.248 -78.252189,169.248 -78.338,168.6632 -78.338,168.0784 -78.338,167.4936 -78.338,166.9088 -78.338,166.324 -78.338,165.7392 -78.338,165.1544 -78.338,164.5696 -78.338,163.9848 -78.338,163.4 -78.338,163.4 -78.252189,163.4 -78.166378,163.4 -78.080567,163.4 -77.994756,163.4 -77.908945,163.4 -77.823134,163.4 -77.737323,163.4 -77.651512,163.4 -77.565701,163.4 -77.47989))"]	["POINT(166.324 -77.908945)"]	false	false
The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica	1041022	2015-01-01	McClintock, James; Amsler, Charles; Angus, Robert	The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica	The research will investigate the individual and combined effects of rising ocean acidification and sea surface temperatures on shallow-water calcified benthic organisms in western Antarctic Peninsular (WAP) marine communities. The Southern Ocean is predicted to become undersaturated in terms of both aragonite and calcite within 50 and 100 years, respectively, challenging calcification processes. Adding to the problem, antarctic calcified benthic marine organisms are more vulnerable to ocean acidification than temperate and tropical species because they are generally weakly calcified. Many antarctic organisms are essentially stenothermal, and those in the West Antarctic Peninsula are being subjected to rising seawater temperatures. The project employs both single-species and multi-species level approaches to evaluating the impacts of rising ocean acidification and seawater temperature on representative calcified and non-calcified macroalgae, on calcified and non-calcified mesograzers, and on a calcified macro-grazer, all of which are important ecological players in the rich benthic communities. Multi-species analysis will focus on the diverse assemblage of amphipods and mesogastropods that are associated with dominant macroalgae that collectively play a key role in community dynamics along the WAP. The project will support undergraduate research, both through NSF programs, as well as home university-based programs, some designed to enhance the representation of minorities in the sciences. The principal investigators also will support and foster graduate education through mentoring of graduate students. Through their highly successful UAB IN ANTARCTICA interactive web program, they will continue to involve large numbers of teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large in their scientific endeavors in Antarctica.	["POLYGON((-79 -60,-76.4 -60,-73.8 -60,-71.2 -60,-68.6 -60,-66 -60,-63.4 -60,-60.8 -60,-58.2 -60,-55.6 -60,-53 -60,-53 -61,-53 -62,-53 -63,-53 -64,-53 -65,-53 -66,-53 -67,-53 -68,-53 -69,-53 -70,-55.6 -70,-58.2 -70,-60.8 -70,-63.4 -70,-66 -70,-68.6 -70,-71.2 -70,-73.8 -70,-76.4 -70,-79 -70,-79 -69,-79 -68,-79 -67,-79 -66,-79 -65,-79 -64,-79 -63,-79 -62,-79 -61,-79 -60))"]	["POINT(-66 -65)"]	false	false
Iceberg Capsize Kinematics and Energetics	0944193	2014-08-25	MacAyeal, Douglas	Collaborative Research: Explosive Ice-Shelf Disintegration	This data set represents a typical single iceberg capsize experiment. Included in this data set are all the parameters of the plastic iceberg's density and dimensions, the density of the water surrounding the iceberg, and the value of gravitational acceleration. The timeseries data consists of all the kinematic and energetic variables as a function of time for the iceberg capsize experiment.	["POLYGON((-88 42,-87.9 42,-87.8 42,-87.7 42,-87.6 42,-87.5 42,-87.4 42,-87.3 42,-87.2 42,-87.1 42,-87 42,-87 41.9,-87 41.8,-87 41.7,-87 41.6,-87 41.5,-87 41.4,-87 41.3,-87 41.2,-87 41.1,-87 41,-87.1 41,-87.2 41,-87.3 41,-87.4 41,-87.5 41,-87.6 41,-87.7 41,-87.8 41,-87.9 41,-88 41,-88 41.1,-88 41.2,-88 41.3,-88 41.4,-88 41.5,-88 41.6,-88 41.7,-88 41.8,-88 41.9,-88 42))"]	["POINT(-87.5 41.5)"]	false	false
Standing Water Depth on Larsen B Ice Shelf	0944248	2014-04-29	MacAyeal, Douglas	Model Studies of Surface Water Behavior on Ice Shelves	This data set addresses why surface melt water lakes on ice shelves and ice sheets are notably influential in triggering ice-shelf break-up and modulating seasonal ice flow, and are thus principle avenues by which environmental change can be transmitted to the ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland. A comparative analysis is performed of lake geometry and derived depth (using Landsat image reflectance) in two distinct regions, one a collapsing ice shelf and the other an ablation zone of a land terminating ice sheet, to better characterize the range of surface lake variability.	["POLYGON((-63 -63,-62.2 -63,-61.4 -63,-60.6 -63,-59.8 -63,-59 -63,-58.2 -63,-57.4 -63,-56.6 -63,-55.8 -63,-55 -63,-55 -63.4,-55 -63.8,-55 -64.2,-55 -64.6,-55 -65,-55 -65.4,-55 -65.8,-55 -66.2,-55 -66.6,-55 -67,-55.8 -67,-56.6 -67,-57.4 -67,-58.2 -67,-59 -67,-59.8 -67,-60.6 -67,-61.4 -67,-62.2 -67,-63 -67,-63 -66.6,-63 -66.2,-63 -65.8,-63 -65.4,-63 -65,-63 -64.6,-63 -64.2,-63 -63.8,-63 -63.4,-63 -63))"]	["POINT(-59 -65)"]	false	false
Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea	0838937	2014-01-01	Costa, Daniel	Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea	Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal's diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts.	["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"]	["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"]	false	false
Are the Dry Valleys Getting Wetter? A Preliminary Assessment of Wetness Across the McMurdo Dry Valleys Landscape	1045215	2014-01-01	Gooseff, Michael N.	EAGER: Are the Dry Valleys Getting Wetter? A Preliminary Assessment of Wetness Across the McMurdo Dry Valleys Landscape	Intellectual Merit: Until recently, wetted soils in the Dry Valleys were generally only found adjacent to streams and lakes. Since the warm austral summer of 2002, numerous "wet spots" have been observed far from shorelines on relatively flat valley floor locations and as downslope fingers of flow on valley walls. The source of the water to wet these soils is unclear, as is the spatial and temporal pattern of occurrence from year to year. Their significance is potentially great as enhanced soil moisture may change the thermodynamics, hydrology, and erosion rate of surface soils, and facilitate transport of materials that had previously been stable. These changes to the soil active layer could significantly modify permafrost and ground ice stability within the Dry Valleys. The PIs seek to investigate these changes to address two competing hypotheses: that the source of water to these ?wet spots? is ground ice melt and that the source of this water is snowmelt. The PIs will document the spatiotemporal dynamics of these wet areas using high frequency remote sensing data from QuickBird and WorldView satellites to document the occurrence, dimensions, and growth of wet spots during the 2010-11 and 2011-12 austral summers. They will test their hypotheses by determining whether wet spots recur in the same locations in each season, and they will compare present to past distribution using archived imagery. They will also determine whether spatial snow accumulation patterns and temporal ablation patterns are coincident with wet spot formation. Broader impacts: One graduate student will be trained on this project. Findings will be reported at scientific meetings and published in peer reviewed journals. They will also develop a teaching module on remote sensing applications to hydrology for the Modular Curriculum for Hydrologic Advancement and an innovative prototype project designed to leverage public participation in mapping wet spots and snow patches across the Dry Valleys through the use of social media and mobile computing applications.	["POLYGON((160 -77.25,160.5 -77.25,161 -77.25,161.5 -77.25,162 -77.25,162.5 -77.25,163 -77.25,163.5 -77.25,164 -77.25,164.5 -77.25,165 -77.25,165 -77.375,165 -77.5,165 -77.625,165 -77.75,165 -77.875,165 -78,165 -78.125,165 -78.25,165 -78.375,165 -78.5,164.5 -78.5,164 -78.5,163.5 -78.5,163 -78.5,162.5 -78.5,162 -78.5,161.5 -78.5,161 -78.5,160.5 -78.5,160 -78.5,160 -78.375,160 -78.25,160 -78.125,160 -78,160 -77.875,160 -77.75,160 -77.625,160 -77.5,160 -77.375,160 -77.25))"]	["POINT(162.5 -77.875)"]	false	false
Validating contrasting terrestrial climate-sensitive Pliocene deposits through high resolution modeling of paleo-environments in the Transantarctic Mountains	1354231	2014-01-01	Kowalewski, Douglas	Validating contrasting terrestrial climate-sensitive Pliocene deposits through high resolution modeling of paleo-environments in the Transantarctic Mountains	Intellectual Merit: Neogene sediment records recovered by ANDRILL suggest multiple events of open water conditions and elevated sea surface temperatures at times when terrestrial data from the McMurdo Dry Valleys indicate hyper arid, cold, desert conditions. Interpretation of the ANDRILL data suggests the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is highly sensitive to changes in Pliocene sea surface temperatures and this conclusion has been supported by recent Global Circulation Model results for the early to mid Pliocene. The PIs propose to model paleo-ice configurations and warm orbits associated with a WAIS collapse to assess potential climate change in East Antarctica. During such episodes of polar warmth they propose to answer: What is the limit of ablation along the East Antarctic Ice Sheet?; Are relict landforms in the Dry Valleys susceptible to modification from increase in maximum summertime temperatures?; and Is there sufficient increase in minimum wintertime temperatures to sustain a tundra environment in the Dry Valleys? Integration of depositional records and model outputs have the potential to test the performance of numerical models currently under development as part of ANDRILL; reconcile inconsistencies between marine and terrestrial paleoclimate records in high Southern Latitudes; and improve understanding of Antarctic climate and ice volume sensitivity to forcing for both the East Antarctic and West Antarctic Ice Sheets. Broader impacts: Results from this study have the potential to be used widely by the research community. Outreach to local elementary schools from other funded efforts will continue and be extended to homeschooled students. A Post Doc will be supported as part of this award.	["POLYGON((-160 -70,-156 -70,-152 -70,-148 -70,-144 -70,-140 -70,-136 -70,-132 -70,-128 -70,-124 -70,-120 -70,-120 -71.5,-120 -73,-120 -74.5,-120 -76,-120 -77.5,-120 -79,-120 -80.5,-120 -82,-120 -83.5,-120 -85,-124 -85,-128 -85,-132 -85,-136 -85,-140 -85,-144 -85,-148 -85,-152 -85,-156 -85,-160 -85,-160 -83.5,-160 -82,-160 -80.5,-160 -79,-160 -77.5,-160 -76,-160 -74.5,-160 -73,-160 -71.5,-160 -70))"]	["POINT(-140 -77.5)"]	false	false
Ammonia Oxidation Versus Heterotrophy in Crenarchaeota Populations from Marine Environments West of the Antarctic Peninsula	0838996	2014-01-01	Hollibaugh, James T.	Ammonia Oxidation Versus Heterotrophy in Crenarchaeota Populations from Marine Environments West of the Antarctic Peninsula	Ammonia oxidation is the first step in the conversion of regenerated nitrogen to dinitrogen gas, a 3-step pathway mediated by 3 distinct guilds of bacteria and archaea. Ammonia oxidation and the overall process of nitrification-denitrification have received relatively little attention in polar oceans where the effects of climate change on biogeochemical rates are likely to be pronounced. Previous work on Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea (AOA) in the Palmer LTER study area West of the Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), has suggested strong vertical segregation of crenarchaeote metabolism, with the 'winter water' (WW, ~50-100 m depth range) dominated by non-AOA crenarchaeotes, while Crenarchaeota populations in the 'circumpolar deep water' (CDW), which lies immediately below the winter water (150-3500 m), are dominated by AOA. Analysis of a limited number of samples from the Arctic Ocean did not reveal a comparable vertical segregation of AOA, and suggested that AOA and Crenarchaeota abundance is much lower there than in the Antarctic. These findings led to 3 hypotheses that will be tested in this project: 1) the apparent low abundance of Crenarchaeota and AOA in Arctic Ocean samples may be due to spatial or temporal variability in populations; 2) the WW population of Crenarchaeota in the WAP is dominated by a heterotroph; 3) the WW population of Crenarchaeota in the WAP 'grows in' during spring and summer after this water mass forms. The study will contribute substantially to understanding an important aspect of the nitrogen cycle in the Palmer LTER (Long Term Ecological Research) study area by providing insights into the ecology and physiology of AOA. The natural segregation of crenarchaeote phenotypes in waters of the WAP, coupled with metagenomic studies in progress in the same area by others (A. Murray, H. Ducklow), offers the possibility of major breakthroughs in understanding of the metabolic capabilities of these organisms. This knowledge is needed to model how water column nitrification will respond to changes in polar ecosystems accompanying global climate change. The Principal Investigator will participate fully in the education and outreach efforts of the Palmer LTER, including making highlights of our findings available for posting to their project web site and participating in outreach (for example, Schoolyard LTER). The research also will involve undergraduates (including the field work if possible) and will support high school interns in the P.I.'s laboratory over the summer.	["POLYGON((-79 -63,-77.5 -63,-76 -63,-74.5 -63,-73 -63,-71.5 -63,-70 -63,-68.5 -63,-67 -63,-65.5 -63,-64 -63,-64 -63.8,-64 -64.6,-64 -65.4,-64 -66.2,-64 -67,-64 -67.8,-64 -68.6,-64 -69.4,-64 -70.2,-64 -71,-65.5 -71,-67 -71,-68.5 -71,-70 -71,-71.5 -71,-73 -71,-74.5 -71,-76 -71,-77.5 -71,-79 -71,-79 -70.2,-79 -69.4,-79 -68.6,-79 -67.8,-79 -67,-79 -66.2,-79 -65.4,-79 -64.6,-79 -63.8,-79 -63))"]	["POINT(-71.5 -67)"]	false	false
Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri	0944201	2014-01-01	Hofmann, Gretchen	Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri	This research examines the effects of ocean acidification on embryos and larvae of a contemporary calcifier in the coastal waters of Antarctica, the sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri. The effect of future ocean acidification is projected to be particularly threatening to calcifying marine organisms in coldwater, high latitude seas, making tolerance data on these organisms a critical research need in Antarctic marine ecosystems. Due to a high magnesium (Mg) content of their calcitic hard parts, echinoderms are especially vulnerable to dissolution stress from ocean acidification because they currently inhabit seawater that is barely at the saturation level to support biogenic calcification. Thus, cold-water, high latitude species with a high Mg-content in their hard parts are considered to be the 'first responders' to chemical changes in the surface oceans. Studies in this proposal will use several metrics to examine the physiological plasticity of contemporary urchin embryos and larvae to CO2-acidified seawater, to mimic the scenarios defined by IPCC models and by analyses of future acidification predicted for the Southern Ocean. The research also will investigats the biological consequences of synergistic interactions of two converging climate change-related stressors - CO2- driven ocean acidification and ocean warming. Specifically the research will (1) assess the effect of CO2-acidified seawater on the development of early embryos and larvae, (2) using morphometrics, examine changes in the larval endoskeleton in response to development under the high-CO2 conditions of ocean acidification, (3) using a DNA microarray, profile changes in gene expression for genes involved in biomineralization and other important physiological processes, and (4) measure costs and physiological consequences of development under conditions of ocean acidification. The proposal will support the training of undergraduates, graduate students and a postdoctoral fellow. The PI also will collaborate with the UC Santa Barbara Gevirtz Graduate School of Education to link the biological effects of ocean acidification to the chemical changes expected for the Southern Ocean using the 'Science on a Sphere' technology. This display will be housed in an education and public outreach center, the Outreach Center for Teaching Ocean Science (OCTOS), a new state-of-the-art facility under construction at UC Santa Barbara.	["POLYGON((-160 -68,-159 -68,-158 -68,-157 -68,-156 -68,-155 -68,-154 -68,-153 -68,-152 -68,-151 -68,-150 -68,-150 -69,-150 -70,-150 -71,-150 -72,-150 -73,-150 -74,-150 -75,-150 -76,-150 -77,-150 -78,-151 -78,-152 -78,-153 -78,-154 -78,-155 -78,-156 -78,-157 -78,-158 -78,-159 -78,-160 -78,-160 -77,-160 -76,-160 -75,-160 -74,-160 -73,-160 -72,-160 -71,-160 -70,-160 -69,-160 -68))"]	["POINT(-155 -73)"]	false	false
Impact of Rising Oceanic Temperatures on the Embryonic Development of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	1019305	2014-01-01	Grim, Jeffrey	PostDoctoral Research Fellowship	Survival of Antarctic notothenioid fishes in the context of global climate change will depend upon the impact of rising oceanic temperatures on their embryonic development, yet little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this complex suite of processes. Many notothenioids are characterized by secondary pelagicism, which enables them to exploit food sources in the water column and is supported in part by skeletal pedomorphism. Here the PI proposes to examine the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate notothenioid skeletal pedomorphism. The research objectives are : 1) To quantify and localize ROS production and identify the point(s) of origin of ROS production in embryonic Antarctic fishes that differ in skeletal phenotypes 2) To determine whether the time course of embryogenesis and the extent of osteological development in embryonic Antarctic fishes can be altered by changing the oxidative status of the animal during embryogenesis 3) To evaluate whether transgenic alteration of oxidative status can induce skeletal pedomorphism in a fish model. Broader Impacts will include teaching undergraduate lectures, recruiting undergraduate students to help with lab analyses (and possibly field work), lectures and demonstrations to high school students, and allowing secondary educators access to personal photos and videos of research animals for curriculum development.	[]	[]	false	false
Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System (LARISSA) - Marine Ecosystems	0732983	2014-01-01	Vernet, Maria	Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans	Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine Ecosystems. A profound transformation in ecosystem structure and function is occurring in coastal waters of the western Weddell Sea, with the collapse of the Larsen B ice shelf. This transformation appears to be yielding a redistribution of energy flow between chemoautotrophic and photosynthetic production, and to be causing the rapid demise of the extraordinary seep ecosystem discovered beneath the ice shelf. This event provides an ideal opportunity to examine fundamental aspects of ecosystem transition associated with climate change. We propose to test the following hypotheses to elucidate the transformations occurring in marine ecosystems as a consequence of the Larsen B collapse: (1) The biogeographic isolation and sub-ice shelf setting of the Larsen B seep has led to novel habitat characteristics, chemoautotrophically dependent taxa and functional adaptations. (2) Benthic communities beneath the former Larsen B ice shelf are fundamentally different from assemblages at similar depths in the Weddell sea-ice zone, and resemble oligotrophic deep-sea communities. Larsen B assemblages are undergoing rapid change. (3) The previously dark, oligotrophic waters of the Larsen B embayment now support a thriving phototrophic community, with production rates and phytoplankton composition similar to other productive areas of the Weddell Sea. To document rapid changes occurring in the Larsen B ecosystem, we will use a remotely operated vehicle, shipboard samplers, and moored sediment traps. We will characterize microbial, macrofaunal and megafaunal components of the seep community; evaluate patterns of surface productivity, export flux, and benthic faunal composition in areas previously covered by the ice shelf, and compare these areas to the open sea-ice zone. These changes will be placed within the geological, glaciological and climatological context that led to ice-shelf retreat, through companion research projects funded in concert with this effort. Together these projects will help predict the likely consequences of ice-shelf collapse to marine ecosystems in other regions of Antarctica vulnerable to climate change. The research features international collaborators from Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. The broader impacts include participation of a science writer; broadcast of science segments by members of the Jim Lehrer News Hour (Public Broadcasting System); material for summer courses in environmental change; mentoring of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows; and showcasing scientific activities and findings to students and public through podcasts.	["POLYGON((-66 -62,-65.3 -62,-64.6 -62,-63.9 -62,-63.2 -62,-62.5 -62,-61.8 -62,-61.1 -62,-60.4 -62,-59.7 -62,-59 -62,-59 -62.8,-59 -63.6,-59 -64.4,-59 -65.2,-59 -66,-59 -66.8,-59 -67.6,-59 -68.4,-59 -69.2,-59 -70,-59.7 -70,-60.4 -70,-61.1 -70,-61.8 -70,-62.5 -70,-63.2 -70,-63.9 -70,-64.6 -70,-65.3 -70,-66 -70,-66 -69.2,-66 -68.4,-66 -67.6,-66 -66.8,-66 -66,-66 -65.2,-66 -64.4,-66 -63.6,-66 -62.8,-66 -62))"]	["POINT(-62.5 -66)"]	false	false
Southern Ocean Diatom Taphonomy and Paleoproductivity: A Laboratory Study of Silica Degradation and Export	1043690	2014-01-01	Haji-Sheikh, Michael; Scherer, Reed Paul	Southern Ocean Diatom Taphonomy and Paleoproductivity: A Laboratory Study of Silica Degradation and Export	Intellectual Merit: Diatom abundance in sediment cores is typically used as a proxy for paleo primary productivity. This record is complicated by variable preservation, with most loss occurring in the water column via dissolution and zooplankton grazing. This study will investigate preservational biases via a series of controlled experiments to create proxies of original productivity based on morphological changes associated with diatom dissolution and fracture. The PIs will utilize fresh diatoms from culture. Specific objectives include: (1) Linking changes in diatom morphology to availability of dissolved silica and other physical and chemical parameters; (2) Documenting the dissolution process under controlled conditions; (3) Assessment of changes in morphology and diatom surface roughness with increased dissolution; (4) Documenting the physical effects of grazing and fecal pellet formation on diatom fragmentation and dissolution; and (5) Analyzing the impact of diatom dissolution on silica and carbon export. These objectives will be achieved by growing Southern Ocean diatom species in the laboratory under differing physical and chemical conditions; controlled serial dissolution experiments on cultured diatoms; analysis of the dissolution process by imaging frustules under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and with micro-analysis of surface texture by atomic force microscopy (AFM); making the cultures available to krill and other live zooplankton crustaceans in order to analyze the specific effects of grazing and pelletization on diatom morphology; and comparing experimental results with natural plankton, sediment trap material, and selected Holocene, Pleistocene and Pliocene sediment core material. Broader impacts: This work will contribute to understanding of the use of diatom abundance as an indicator of paleoproductivity. The proposed experiments are multi-disciplinary in nature. Importantly, the project was designed, and the proposal largely written, by a Ph.D. candidate. The research proposed here will lead to peer-reviewed publications and provide a base for future studies over the course of an extremely promising scientific career. The project will also support an undergraduate research student at NIU. The PI is heavily involved in science outreach, including classroom visits, museum events and webinars related to evolution and climate change, and is active with NSF-funded outreach activities linked to the ANDRILL and WISSARD programs. He will continue these efforts with this project.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
The Biogeochemical Evolution of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Fluvial System on the Cotton Glacier, Antarctica	0838970	2014-01-01	Foreman, Christine	Collaborative Research: The Biogeochemical Evolution of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Fluvial System on the Cotton Glacier, Antarctica	Dissolved organic matter (DOM) comprises a significant pool of Earth's organic carbon that dwarfs the amount present in living aquatic organisms. The properties and reactivity of DOM are not well defined, and the evolution of autochthonous DOM from its precursor materials in freshwater has not been observed. Recent sampling of a supraglacial stream formed on the Cotton Glacier in the Transantarctic Mountains revealed DOM that more closely resembles an assemblage of recognizable precursor organic compounds, based upon its UV-VIS and fluorescence spectra. It is suggested that the DOM from this water evolved over time to resemble materials present in marine and many inland surface waters. The transient nature of the system i.e., it reforms seasonally, also prevents any accumulation of the refractory DOM present in most surface waters. Thus, the Cotton Glacier provides us with a unique environment to study the formation of DOM from precursor materials. An interdisciplinary team will study the biogeochemistry of this progenitor DOM and how microbes modify it. By focusing on the chemical composition of the DOM as it shifts from precursor material to the more humified fractions, the investigators will relate this transition to bioavailability, enzymatic activity, community composition and microbial growth efficiency. This project will support education at all levels, K-12, high school, undergraduate, graduate and post-doc and will increase participation by under-represented groups in science. Towards these goals, the investigators have established relationships with girls' schools and Native American programs. Additional outreach will be carried out in coordination with PolarTREC, PolarPalooza, and if possible, an Antarctic Artist and Writer.	["POINT(161.667 -77.117)"]	["POINT(161.667 -77.117)"]	false	false
Allan Hills Stable Water Isotopes	0838843	2013-10-24	Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Spaulding, Nicole; Mayewski, Paul A.; Introne, Douglas	Collaborative Research: Exploring A 2 Million + Year Ice Climate Archive-Allan Hills Blue Ice Area (2MBIA) Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area	This data set includes stable water isotope values at 10 m resolution along an approximately 5 km transect through the main icefield of the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area, and at 15 cm within a 225 m core drilled at the midpoint of the transect.	["POLYGON((159 -75.67,159.025 -75.67,159.05 -75.67,159.075 -75.67,159.1 -75.67,159.125 -75.67,159.15 -75.67,159.175 -75.67,159.2 -75.67,159.225 -75.67,159.25 -75.67,159.25 -75.786,159.25 -75.902,159.25 -76.018,159.25 -76.134,159.25 -76.25,159.25 -76.366,159.25 -76.482,159.25 -76.598,159.25 -76.714,159.25 -76.83,159.225 -76.83,159.2 -76.83,159.175 -76.83,159.15 -76.83,159.125 -76.83,159.1 -76.83,159.075 -76.83,159.05 -76.83,159.025 -76.83,159 -76.83,159 -76.714,159 -76.598,159 -76.482,159 -76.366,159 -76.25,159 -76.134,159 -76.018,159 -75.902,159 -75.786,159 -75.67))"]	["POINT(159.125 -76.25)"]	false	false
West Antarctica Ice Core and Climate Model Data	0837988	2013-03-13	Steig, Eric J.	Collaborative Research: Antarctic Climate Reconstruction Utilizing the US ITASE Ice Core Array (2009- 2012)	This data set includes ice core water isotope data from Antarctic ice cores covering the last 200 to 2000 years.	["POLYGON((-180 -65,-144 -65,-108 -65,-72 -65,-36 -65,0 -65,36 -65,72 -65,108 -65,144 -65,180 -65,180 -67.5,180 -70,180 -72.5,180 -75,180 -77.5,180 -80,180 -82.5,180 -85,180 -87.5,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87.5,-180 -85,-180 -82.5,-180 -80,-180 -77.5,-180 -75,-180 -72.5,-180 -70,-180 -67.5,-180 -65))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea	0838892	2013-01-01	Burns, Jennifer	Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea	Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal's diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts.	["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"]	["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"]	false	false
The Role of Snow Patches on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Microbial Communities and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Antarctic Dry Valleys	0838850	2013-01-01	Gooseff, Michael N.	Collaborative Research: The Role of Snow Patches on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Microbial Communities and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Antarctic Dry Valleys	Two models have been proposed to describe controls over microbial biogeography. One model proposes that microbes are ubiquitously distributed across the global environment, and that environmental conditions select for taxa physiologically adapted to local physical conditions. An alternative model predicts that dispersal is the important limitation to the distribution of microorganisms and that spatial heterogeneity of microbial communities is a result of both dispersal and local environmental limitations. According to both models, spatial heterogeneity of microbial communities may be especially pronounced in extreme ecosystems where the environmental selection for organisms with suitable physiology is most strongly manifest. We propose that Antarctic terrestrial environments are ideal places to examine microbial biogeography for 3 reasons: 1) the pristine nature and remoteness of Antarctica minimizes the prevalence of exotic species dispersed through human vectors; 2) the extreme conditions of Antarctic environments provide a strong environmental filter which limits the establishment of non-indigenous taxa; and 3) extreme heterogeneity in the terrestrial environment provides natural gradients of soil conditions (temperature, water and nutrient availability). In the proposed research we will investigate the influence of snow on the composition and spatial distribution of soil microbial communities and linked biogeochemical cycling in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. We will conduct fieldwork at the landscape scale (repeated remote sensing to characterize snow distribution), at the valley and patch scales (quantify snow patch ablation, microbial communities and biogeochemical cycling in subnivian soils). We hypothesize that snow patches play an important role in structuring the spatial distribution of soil microbial communities and their associated ecosystem functioning because of the physical and hydrological influences that snow patches have on the soil environment. The research will contribute to greater public awareness of the importance of polar research to fundamental questions of biology, ecology and hydrology through direct linkages with International Antarctic Institute public outreach activities, including dissemination of web-based learning units on environmental science and microbiology, targeted as resources for secondary and post-secondary educators. Three graduate students, one postdoctoral scholar and multiple undergraduates will participate in the research activities.	["POLYGON((-163.3 -77.62,-163.202 -77.62,-163.104 -77.62,-163.006 -77.62,-162.908 -77.62,-162.81 -77.62,-162.712 -77.62,-162.614 -77.62,-162.516 -77.62,-162.418 -77.62,-162.32 -77.62,-162.32 -77.631,-162.32 -77.642,-162.32 -77.653,-162.32 -77.664,-162.32 -77.675,-162.32 -77.686,-162.32 -77.697,-162.32 -77.708,-162.32 -77.719,-162.32 -77.73,-162.418 -77.73,-162.516 -77.73,-162.614 -77.73,-162.712 -77.73,-162.81 -77.73,-162.908 -77.73,-163.006 -77.73,-163.104 -77.73,-163.202 -77.73,-163.3 -77.73,-163.3 -77.719,-163.3 -77.708,-163.3 -77.697,-163.3 -77.686,-163.3 -77.675,-163.3 -77.664,-163.3 -77.653,-163.3 -77.642,-163.3 -77.631,-163.3 -77.62))"]	["POINT(-162.81 -77.675)"]	false	false
Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the West Antarctic Peninsula Marine Ecosystem	0838830	2013-01-01	Cottrell, Matthew; Kirchman, David	Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the West Antarctic Peninsula Marine Ecosystem	Light quality and availability are likely to change in polar ecosystems as ice coverage and thickness decrease. How microbes adjust to these and other changes will have huge impacts on the polar marine ecosystems. Little is known about photoheterotrophic prokaryotes, which are hypothesized to gain a metabolic advantage by harvesting light energy in addition to utilizing dissolved organic matter (DOM). Photoheterotrophy is not included in current models of carbon cycling and energy flow. This research will examine three questions: 1. Are photoheterotrophic microbes present and active in Antarctic waters in winter and summer? 2. Does community structure of photoheterotrophs shift between summer and winter? 3. Which microbial groups assimilate more DOM in light than in the dark? The research will test hypotheses about activity of photoheterotrophs in winter and in summer, shifts in community structure between light and dark seasons and the potentially unique impacts of photoheterotrophs on biogeochemical processes in the Antarctic. The project will directly support a graduate student, will positively impact the NSF REU program at the College of Marine and Earth Studies, and will include students from the nation's oldest historical minority college. The results will be featured during weekly tours of Lewes facilities (about 1000 visitors per year) and during Coast Day, an annual open-house that attracts about 10,000 visitors.	["POLYGON((-64.079666 -64.77966,-64.0757659 -64.77966,-64.0718658 -64.77966,-64.0679657 -64.77966,-64.0640656 -64.77966,-64.0601655 -64.77966,-64.0562654 -64.77966,-64.0523653 -64.77966,-64.0484652 -64.77966,-64.0445651 -64.77966,-64.040665 -64.77966,-64.040665 -64.783261,-64.040665 -64.786862,-64.040665 -64.790463,-64.040665 -64.794064,-64.040665 -64.797665,-64.040665 -64.801266,-64.040665 -64.804867,-64.040665 -64.808468,-64.040665 -64.812069,-64.040665 -64.81567,-64.0445651 -64.81567,-64.0484652 -64.81567,-64.0523653 -64.81567,-64.0562654 -64.81567,-64.0601655 -64.81567,-64.0640656 -64.81567,-64.0679657 -64.81567,-64.0718658 -64.81567,-64.0757659 -64.81567,-64.079666 -64.81567,-64.079666 -64.812069,-64.079666 -64.808468,-64.079666 -64.804867,-64.079666 -64.801266,-64.079666 -64.797665,-64.079666 -64.794064,-64.079666 -64.790463,-64.079666 -64.786862,-64.079666 -64.783261,-64.079666 -64.77966))"]	["POINT(-64.0601655 -64.797665)"]	false	false
Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice	0739783	2013-01-01	Junge, Karen	Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice	The mechanisms enabling bacteria to be metabolically active at very low temperatures are of considerable importance to polar microbial ecology, astrobiology, climate and cryopreservation. This research program has two main objectives. The first is to investigate metabolic activities and gene expression of polar marine psychrophilic bacteria when confronted with freezing conditions at temperatures above the eutectic of seawater (<54C) to unveil cold adaptation mechanisms with relevance to wintertime sea-ice ecology. The second objective is to discern if psychrophilic processes of leucine incorporation into proteins, shown to occur to -196C, amount to metabolic activity providing for the survival of cells or are merely biochemical reactions still possible in flash-frozen samples without any effect on survival. We will examine extracellular and intracellular processes of psychrophilic activity above and below the eutectic by (i) determining the temperature range of metabolic activities such as DNA synthesis, carbon utilization, respiration and ATP generation using radioactive tracer technology, including a control at liquid helium temperature (-268.9C), (ii) analyzing gene expression in ice using whole genome and microarray analyses and iii) examining the role of exopolymeric substances (EPS) and ice micro-physics for the observed activity using an in-situ microscopy technique. Results of the proposed research can be expected to aid in the determination of cellular and genetic strategies that allow cells to maintain activity at extremely low temperatures within an icy matrix and/or to resume activity again when more growth-permissive conditions are encountered. The research is an interdisciplinary collaboration involving three different institutions with participants in Oceanography, Genomics, and Geophysical Sciences. The proposed activity will support the beginning professional career of a female researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica	0739698 0739681	2013-01-01	Murray, Alison	Collaborative Research: Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica	Lake Vida is the largest lake of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, with an approximately 20 m ice cover overlaying a brine of unknown depth with at least 7 times seawater salinity and temperatures below -10 degrees C year-round. Samples of brine collected from ice above the main water body contain 1) the highest nitrous oxide levels of any natural water body on Earth, 2) unusual geochemistry including anomalously high ammonia and iron concentrations, 3) high microbial counts with an unusual proportion (99%) of ultramicrobacteria. The microbial community is unique even compared to other Dry Valley Lakes. The research proposes to enter, for the first time the main brine body below the thick ice of Lake Vida and perform in situ measurements, collect samples of the brine column, and collect sediment cores from the lake bottom for detailed geochemical and microbiological analyses. The results will allow the characterization of present and past life in the lake, assessment of modern and past sedimentary processes, and determination of the lake's history. The research will be conducted by a multidisciplinary team that will uncover the biogeochemical processes associated with a non-photosynthetic microbial community isolated for a significant period of time. This research will address diversity, adaptive mechanisms and evolutionary processes in the context of the physical evolution of the environment of Lake Vida. Results will be widely disseminated through publications, presentations at national and international meetings, through the Subglacial Antarctic Lake Exploration (SALE) web site and the McMurdo LTER web site. The research will support three graduate students and three undergraduate research assistants. The results will be incorporated into a new undergraduate biogeosciences course at the University of Illinois at Chicago which has an extremely diverse student body, dominated by minorities.	["POINT(161.931 -77.3885)"]	["POINT(161.931 -77.3885)"]	false	false
Biogeochemistry of Cyanobactrial Mats and Hyporheic Zone Microbes in McMurdo Dry Valley Glacial Meltwater Streams	0739648	2013-01-01	Cary, S. Craig	Collaborative Research: Biogeochemistry of Cyanobactrial Mats and Hyporheic Zone Microbes in McMurdo Dry Valley Glacial Meltwater Streams	The glacial streams of the McMurdo Dry Valleys have extensive cyanobacterial mats that are a probable source of fixed C and N to the Valleys. The research will examine the interplay between the microbial mats in the ephemeral glacial streams and the microbiota of the hyporheic soils (wetted soil zone) underlying and adjacent to those mats. It is hypothesized that the mats are important sources of organic carbon and fixed nitrogen for the soil communities of the hyporheic zone, and release dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and nitrogen (DON) that serves the entire Dry Valley ecosystem. Field efforts will entail both observational and experimental components. Direct comparisons will be made between the mats and microbial populations underlying naturally rehydrated and desiccated mat areas, and between mat areas in the melt streams of the Adams and Miers Glaciers in Miers Valley. Both physiological and phylogenetic indices of the soil microbiota will be examined. Observations will include estimates of rates of mat carbon and nitrogen fixation, soil respiration and leucine and thymidine uptake (as measures of protein & DNA synthesis, respectively) by soil bacteria, bacterial densities and their molecular ecology. Experimental manipulations will include experimental re-wetting of soils and observations of the time course of response of the microbial community. The research will integrate modern molecular genetic approaches (ARISA-DNA fingerprinting and ultra deep 16S rDNA microbial phylogenetic analysis) with geochemistry to study the diversity, ecology, and function of microbial communities that thrive in these extreme environments. The broader impacts of the project include research and educational opportunities for graduate students and a postdoctoral associate. The P.I.s will involve undergraduates as work-study students and in REU programs, and will participate in educational and outreach programs.	["POINT(163 -77.5)"]	["POINT(163 -77.5)"]	false	false
Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle	1019838	2013-01-01	Wendt, Dean; Moline, Mark	Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle	The Antarctic Peninsula is among the most rapidly warming regions on earth. Increased heat from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current has elevated the temperature of the 300 m of shelf water below the permanent pycnocline by 0.7 degrees C. This trend has displaced the once dominant cold, dry continental Antarctic climate, and is causing multi-level responses in the marine ecosystem. One striking example of the ecosystem response to warming has been the local declines in ice-dependent Adélie penguins. The changes in these apex predators are thought to be driven by alterations in phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition, and the foraging limitations and diet differences between these species. One of the most elusive questions facing researchers interested in the foraging ecology of the Adélie penguin, namely, what are the biophysical properties that characterize the three dimensional foraging space of this top predator? The research will combine the real-time site and diving information from the Adélie penguin satellite tags with the full characterization of the oceanography and the penguins prey field using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). While some of these changes have been documented over large spatial scales of the WAP, it is now thought that the causal mechanisms that favor of one life history strategy over another may actually operate over much smaller scales than previously thought, specifically on the scale of local breeding sites and over-wintering areas. Characterization of prey fields on these local scales has yet to be done and one that the AUV is ideally suited. The results will have a direct tie to the climate induced changes that are occurring in the West Antarctic Peninsula. This study will also highlight a new approach to linking an autonomous platform to bird behavior that could be expanded to include the other two species of penguins and examine the seasonal differences in their foraging behavior and prey selection. From a vehicle perspective, this effort will inform the AUV user community of new sensor suites and/or data processing approaches that are required to better evaluate foraging habitat. The project also will help transition AUV platforms into routine investigative tools for this region, which is chronically under sampled and will remain difficult to access	[]	[]	false	false
Thermoregulation in Free-Living Antarctic Seals: The Missing Link in Effective Ecological Modeling	1043779	2013-01-01	Mellish, Jo-Ann	Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING	Despite being an essential physiological component of homeotherm life in polar regions, little is known about the energetic requirements for thermoregulation in either air or water for high- latitude seals. In a joint field and modeling study, the principal investigators will quantify these costs for the Weddell seal under both ambient air and water conditions. The field research will include innovative heat flux, digestive and locomotor cost telemetry on 40 free-ranging seals combined with assessments of animal health (morphometrics, hematology and clinical chemistry panels), quantity (ultrasound) and quality (tissue biopsy) of blubber insulation, and determination of surface skin temperature patterns (infrared thermography). Field-collected data will be combined with an established individual based computational energetics model to define cost-added thresholds in body condition for different body masses. This study will fill a major knowledge gap by providing data essential to modeling all aspects of pinniped life history, in particular for ice seals. Such parameterization of energetic cost components will be essential for the accurate modeling of responses by pinnipeds to environmental variance, including direct and indirect effects driven by climate change. The study also will provide extensive opportunities in polar field work, animal telemetry, biochemical analyses and computational modeling for up to three undergraduate students and one post-doctoral researcher. Integrated education and outreach efforts will educate the public (K-12 through adult) on the importance of quantifying energetic costs of thermoregulation for marine mammals and the need to understand responses of species to environmental variance. This effort will include a custom-built, interactive hands-on mobile exhibit, and development of content for an Ocean Today kiosk.	["POLYGON((165.83333 -77.51528,165.923331 -77.51528,166.013332 -77.51528,166.103333 -77.51528,166.193334 -77.51528,166.283335 -77.51528,166.373336 -77.51528,166.463337 -77.51528,166.553338 -77.51528,166.643339 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.55153,166.73334 -77.58778,166.73334 -77.62403,166.73334 -77.66028,166.73334 -77.69653,166.73334 -77.73278,166.73334 -77.76903,166.73334 -77.80528,166.73334 -77.84153,166.73334 -77.87778,166.643339 -77.87778,166.553338 -77.87778,166.463337 -77.87778,166.373336 -77.87778,166.283335 -77.87778,166.193334 -77.87778,166.103333 -77.87778,166.013332 -77.87778,165.923331 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.84153,165.83333 -77.80528,165.83333 -77.76903,165.83333 -77.73278,165.83333 -77.69653,165.83333 -77.66028,165.83333 -77.62403,165.83333 -77.58778,165.83333 -77.55153,165.83333 -77.51528))"]	["POINT(166.283335 -77.69653)"]	false	false
Subglacial water flow paths under Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica	0636724	2012-05-21	Carter, Sasha P.; Young, Duncan A.; Blankenship, Donald D.	Collaborative Research: Synthesis of Thwaites Glacier Dynamics: Diagnostic and Prognostic Sensitivity Studies of a West Antarctic Outlet System	This data set contains subglacial water flow paths beneath Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica, interpreted from ice thickness and bed elevation measurements collected between 7 December 2004 and 31 January 2005 by the Airborne Geophysical Survey of the Amundsen Embayment (AGASEA) expedition. Data consist of an ASCII text file with geographical coordinates, hydraulic head, and bed and surface elevations, and a corresponding .pdf map. Data are available via FTP.	["POLYGON((-120 -75,-117 -75,-114 -75,-111 -75,-108 -75,-105 -75,-102 -75,-99 -75,-96 -75,-93 -75,-90 -75,-90 -75.5,-90 -76,-90 -76.5,-90 -77,-90 -77.5,-90 -78,-90 -78.5,-90 -79,-90 -79.5,-90 -80,-93 -80,-96 -80,-99 -80,-102 -80,-105 -80,-108 -80,-111 -80,-114 -80,-117 -80,-120 -80,-120 -79.5,-120 -79,-120 -78.5,-120 -78,-120 -77.5,-120 -77,-120 -76.5,-120 -76,-120 -75.5,-120 -75))"]	["POINT(-105 -77.5)"]	false	false
US/Chinese Collaborative Study: Investigation of Bottom Water Formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica	1043669	2012-01-01	Yuan, Xiaojun	US/Chinese Collaborative Study: Investigation of Bottom Water Formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica	Processess governing the formation of Antarctic bottom water (AABW) in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean remain poorly described. As with AABW formation in more well studied regions of the Antarctic continent, global climate impacts of the source regions of this dense, cold water that help drive the global ocean thermohaline circulation are uncertain. A combination of (annual) continental shelf and slope moorings, seasonal (summer) hydrographic surveys on board the Chinese icebreaker M/V Xuelong, together with synthesis of historic and satellite data will be used to better constrain shelf processes and the atmosphere-ocean-ice interactions in the Prydz Bay region. Despite the seeming remoteness of the study site, changes in the formation rate of AABW could potentially have impact on northern hemisphere climate via effects on the global heat budget and through sea-level rise in the coming decades. The project additionally seeks to promote international collaboration between Chinese and US researchers. The data collected will be broadly disseminated to the oceanographic community through the National Oceanography Data Center and Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Data Center.	["POLYGON((70 -64,71 -64,72 -64,73 -64,74 -64,75 -64,76 -64,77 -64,78 -64,79 -64,80 -64,80 -64.6,80 -65.2,80 -65.8,80 -66.4,80 -67,80 -67.6,80 -68.2,80 -68.8,80 -69.4,80 -70,79 -70,78 -70,77 -70,76 -70,75 -70,74 -70,73 -70,72 -70,71 -70,70 -70,70 -69.4,70 -68.8,70 -68.2,70 -67.6,70 -67,70 -66.4,70 -65.8,70 -65.2,70 -64.6,70 -64))"]	["POINT(75 -67)"]	false	false
Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice Interaction in a Coastal Polynya	0739464	2012-01-01	Cassano, John; Maslanik, Jim	Collaborative Research: Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice Interaction in a Coastal Polynya	Antarctic polynyas are the ice free zones often persisting in continental sea ice. Characterization of the lower atmosphere properties, air-sea surface heat fluxes and corresponding ocean depth profiles of Antarctic polynyas, especially during strong wind events, is needed for a more detailed understanding of the role of polynya in the production of latent-heat type sea ice and the formation, through brine rejection, of dense ocean bottom waters. Broader impacts: A key technological innovation, the use of instrumented uninhabited aircraft systems (UAS), will be employed to enable the persistent and safe observation of the interaction of light and strong katabatic wind fields with the Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Antarctica) polynya waters during late winter and early summer time frames. The use of UAS observational platforms on the continent to date has to date been modest, but demonstration of their versatility and effectiveness in surveying and observing mode is a welcome development. The projects use of UAS platforms by University of Colorado and LDEO (Columbia) researchers is both high risk, and potentially transformative for the systematic data measurement tasks that many Antarctic science applications increasingly require.	["POLYGON((160 -74.5,161.5 -74.5,163 -74.5,164.5 -74.5,166 -74.5,167.5 -74.5,169 -74.5,170.5 -74.5,172 -74.5,173.5 -74.5,175 -74.5,175 -74.9,175 -75.3,175 -75.7,175 -76.1,175 -76.5,175 -76.9,175 -77.3,175 -77.7,175 -78.1,175 -78.5,173.5 -78.5,172 -78.5,170.5 -78.5,169 -78.5,167.5 -78.5,166 -78.5,164.5 -78.5,163 -78.5,161.5 -78.5,160 -78.5,160 -78.1,160 -77.7,160 -77.3,160 -76.9,160 -76.5,160 -76.1,160 -75.7,160 -75.3,160 -74.9,160 -74.5))"]	["POINT(167.5 -76.5)"]	false	false
WAIS Divide Snowpit Chemical and Isotope Measurements, Antarctica	0636740	2011-11-15	Kreutz, Karl; Koffman, Bess	Collaborative Research: Microparticle/tephra analysis of the WAIS Divide ice core	This dataset includes major ion, trace element, microparticle and oxygen isotope (δ18O) data for a snowpit dug and sampled in December 2008 near the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core site. The pit was dug approximately 4 km upwind from the drilling arch in the clean air sector of camp. Sampling was done using trace element clean techniques and all depths are in water equivalents. Data are available via FTP in ASCII text (.txt) format.	["POINT(-112.3 -79.433333)"]	["POINT(-112.3 -79.433333)"]	false	false
Microparticle, Conductivity, and Density Measurements from the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core, Antarctica	0636740	2011-10-01	Kreutz, Karl; Hamilton, Gordon S.; Breton, Daniel; Koffman, Bess	Collaborative Research: Microparticle/tephra analysis of the WAIS Divide ice core	This data set includes microparticle concentration, electrical conductivity, and density measurements from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide deep ice core, WDC06A. Microparticle concentration data are reported as total particles per ml of meltwater. Concentration was measured using a laser detector and the University of Maine WAIS Melt Monitor system. Conductivity is measured in micro-Siemens per cm (uS/cm). Density data were collected on 3 by 3 by 100 cm sticks from the WDC06A core, using the Maine Automated Density Gauge Experiment (MADGE). Density data span 0 to 160 m in depth, while the particle and conductivity measurements span the upper 577 m of the core. Data are available via FTP in ASCII text format (.txt).	["POINT(-112.088333 -79.482778)", "POINT(112.088333 -79.482778)"]	["POINT(-112.088333 -79.482778)", "POINT(112.088333 -79.482778)"]	false	false
Modeled Radar Attenuation Rate Profile at the Vostok 5G Ice Core Site, Antarctica	0538674	2011-08-15	Macgregor, Joseph A.; Matsuoka, Kenichi; Studinger, Michael S.	Collaborative Research: Deciphering the Deep Ice and the Ice-water Interface over Lake Vostok Using Existing Radar Data	This data set provides a modeled radar attenuation rate profile, showing the predicted contributions from pure ice and impurities to radar attenuation at the Vostok 5G ice core site in Antarctica, as well as the total attenuation rate and its formal uncertainty. The model data are based on borehole temperature logs, concentrations of major soluble ions measured from melted ice core samples, and information about the electrical conductivity of ice. Attenuation rates and their spatial variability are important constraints for radar studies of ice sheets. Parameters include depth, total attenuation rate, and attenuation rate contribution from pure ice, acidity, and salinity. Data are available via FTP as a text file (.txt) with columns in comma separated value format.	["POINT(73.17 -78.47)"]	["POINT(73.17 -78.47)"]	false	false
Millennially Averaged Accumulation Rates for Lake Vostok	0538674	2011-08-01	Macgregor, Joseph A.; Matsuoka, Kenichi; Studinger, Michael S.; Waddington, Edwin D.; Winebrenner, Dale	Collaborative Research: Deciphering the Deep Ice and the Ice-water Interface over Lake Vostok Using Existing Radar Data	This data set consists of inferred accumulation rates from three radar layers (26, 35 and 41 thousand years old) in the Vostok Subglacial Lake region. Accumulation rates were inferred using Local-Layer Approximation (LLA), which assumes that the strain-rate history of a particle traveling through the ice sheet can be approximated by the vertical strain-rate profile at the current position of the particle, which the researchers assume to be uniform. Parameters include location, in latitude and longitude, polar stereographic coordinates, and local grid X and Y coordinates, along with layer age, in thousands of years (ka), and inferred accumulation rate (cm/a). The data cover a 150 by 350 km area. Data are available via FTP, as a text file (.txt) with columns in comma separated value format.	["POLYGON((68.4 -75.7,69.61 -75.7,70.82 -75.7,72.03 -75.7,73.24 -75.7,74.45 -75.7,75.66 -75.7,76.87 -75.7,78.08 -75.7,79.29 -75.7,80.5 -75.7,80.5 -76.04,80.5 -76.38,80.5 -76.72,80.5 -77.06,80.5 -77.4,80.5 -77.74,80.5 -78.08,80.5 -78.42,80.5 -78.76,80.5 -79.1,79.29 -79.1,78.08 -79.1,76.87 -79.1,75.66 -79.1,74.45 -79.1,73.24 -79.1,72.03 -79.1,70.82 -79.1,69.61 -79.1,68.4 -79.1,68.4 -78.76,68.4 -78.42,68.4 -78.08,68.4 -77.74,68.4 -77.4,68.4 -77.06,68.4 -76.72,68.4 -76.38,68.4 -76.04,68.4 -75.7))"]	["POINT(74.45 -77.4)"]	false	false
The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula	0838773	2011-01-01	McClintock, James; Amsler, Charles	Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula	The near shore environments of the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) harbor extremely high densities of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1-25 mm in length) such as benthic amphipods, as well as rich assemblages of macroalgae, endophytes, and macroinvertebrates. Unlike temperate and tropical shallow marine environments, where fish and sea urchins are key grazers structuring the community, mesograzers appear to be much more important in the WAP. Accordingly, the proposed research has two main objectives: (1) To further investigate the interactions between the ecologically dominant large macrophytes, filamentous epi/endophytes, and mesograzers and (2) To determine the nature of interactions between mesograzers and sessile invertebrates. Specifically, the research will examine the following hypotheses: 1: The effects of endophytes on macrophytes are often negative, and consequently macrophytes defend against endophytic infection. 2: Mesoherbivores prevent filamentous algal species, common in the intertidal, from dominating subtidal assemblages. 3: Mesograzer predation pressure on sessile benthic macroinvertebrates, primarily sponges and tunicates, is greatest in shallow habitats dominated by macrophytes, and this impacts depth distributions of macroinvertebrate species. 4: Benthic macroinvertebrates may defend against mesograzers with secondary metabolites which effect molting and/or deter feeding. Broader impacts include involvement of undergraduates, including minorities, in research; training of graduate students, and continuation of the highly successful UAB IN ANTARCTICA interactive web program (two time recipient of awards of excellence from the US Council for Advancement and Support of Education). The researchers also will share their scientific endeavors with teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large while in residence in Antarctica. In addition, the investigators will request the participation of a PolarTREC teacher.	["POLYGON((-79 -60,-76.4 -60,-73.8 -60,-71.2 -60,-68.6 -60,-66 -60,-63.4 -60,-60.8 -60,-58.2 -60,-55.6 -60,-53 -60,-53 -61,-53 -62,-53 -63,-53 -64,-53 -65,-53 -66,-53 -67,-53 -68,-53 -69,-53 -70,-55.6 -70,-58.2 -70,-60.8 -70,-63.4 -70,-66 -70,-68.6 -70,-71.2 -70,-73.8 -70,-76.4 -70,-79 -70,-79 -69,-79 -68,-79 -67,-79 -66,-79 -65,-79 -64,-79 -63,-79 -62,-79 -61,-79 -60))"]	["POINT(-66 -65)"]	false	false
The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula	0838776	2011-01-01	Baker, Bill	Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing	The near shore environments of the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) harbor extremely high densities of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1-25 mm in length) such as benthic amphipods, as well as rich assemblages of macroalgae, endophytes, and macroinvertebrates. Unlike temperate and tropical shallow marine environments, where fish and sea urchins are key grazers structuring the community, mesograzers appear to be much more important in the WAP. Accordingly, the proposed research has two main objectives: (1) To further investigate the interactions between the ecologically dominant large macrophytes, filamentous epi/endophytes, and mesograzers and (2) To determine the nature of interactions between mesograzers and sessile invertebrates. Specifically, the research will examine the following hypotheses: 1: The effects of endophytes on macrophytes are often negative, and consequently macrophytes defend against endophytic infection. 2: Mesoherbivores prevent filamentous algal species, common in the intertidal, from dominating subtidal assemblages. 3: Mesograzer predation pressure on sessile benthic macroinvertebrates, primarily sponges and tunicates, is greatest in shallow habitats dominated by macrophytes, and this impacts depth distributions of macroinvertebrate species. 4: Benthic macroinvertebrates may defend against mesograzers with secondary metabolites which effect molting and/or deter feeding. Broader impacts include involvement of undergraduates, including minorities, in research; training of graduate students, and continuation of the highly successful UAB IN ANTARCTICA interactive web program (two time recipient of awards of excellence from the US Council for Advancement and Support of Education). The researchers also will share their scientific endeavors with teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large while in residence in Antarctica. In addition, the investigators will request the participation of a PolarTREC teacher.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals	0902957	2011-01-01	Robinson, Laura	LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals	The proposal seeks funds to continue a follow-up analytical work of deep-sea corals collected in the Drake Passage during a research cruise. The project's goal is paleo-climate research looking to constrain the depth structure and time evolution of the radiocarbon content of the Southern Ocean during the glacial and deglaciation. Radiocarbon is a versatile tracer of past climate; its radioactive decay provides an internal clock with which to assess the rates of processes, and it can be used to trace the movement of carbon through the Earth's system. It enters the ocean through air-sea gas exchange, so processes that limits this will, therefore, reduce the radiocarbon content of both surface and deep waters. The Southern Ocean is a critical location for exchange of heat and carbon between the deep-ocean and atmospheric reservoirs, and the deep waters formed there fill large volumes of the global deep and intermediate oceans. As strong currents tend to scour away sediments, carbonate preservation is limited, and radiocarbon reservoir ages are poorly constrained, many traditional paleoceanographic techniques become impractical. It is proposed to alleviate these difficulties analyzing the chemical composition of deep-sea coral skeletons. Their aragonitic skeletons can be precisely dated using U-series decay, and when coupled with radiocarbon analyses will allow to calculate the C14/C12 ratio of the past water column.	["POLYGON((-70.5 -54.5,-66.95 -54.5,-63.4 -54.5,-59.85 -54.5,-56.3 -54.5,-52.75 -54.5,-49.2 -54.5,-45.65 -54.5,-42.1 -54.5,-38.55 -54.5,-35 -54.5,-35 -55.2,-35 -55.9,-35 -56.6,-35 -57.3,-35 -58,-35 -58.7,-35 -59.4,-35 -60.1,-35 -60.8,-35 -61.5,-38.55 -61.5,-42.1 -61.5,-45.65 -61.5,-49.2 -61.5,-52.75 -61.5,-56.3 -61.5,-59.85 -61.5,-63.4 -61.5,-66.95 -61.5,-70.5 -61.5,-70.5 -60.8,-70.5 -60.1,-70.5 -59.4,-70.5 -58.7,-70.5 -58,-70.5 -57.3,-70.5 -56.6,-70.5 -55.9,-70.5 -55.2,-70.5 -54.5))"]	["POINT(-52.75 -58)"]	false	false
Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean	0636319	2011-01-01	Shaw, Tim; Twining, Benjamin	Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean	Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions:1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children's books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.	["POLYGON((-51.9201 -57.5061,-50.99447 -57.5061,-50.06884 -57.5061,-49.14321 -57.5061,-48.21758 -57.5061,-47.29195 -57.5061,-46.36632 -57.5061,-45.44069 -57.5061,-44.51506 -57.5061,-43.58943 -57.5061,-42.6638 -57.5061,-42.6638 -58.03449,-42.6638 -58.56288,-42.6638 -59.09127,-42.6638 -59.61966,-42.6638 -60.14805,-42.6638 -60.67644,-42.6638 -61.20483,-42.6638 -61.73322,-42.6638 -62.26161,-42.6638 -62.79,-43.58943 -62.79,-44.51506 -62.79,-45.44069 -62.79,-46.36632 -62.79,-47.29195 -62.79,-48.21758 -62.79,-49.14321 -62.79,-50.06884 -62.79,-50.99447 -62.79,-51.9201 -62.79,-51.9201 -62.26161,-51.9201 -61.73322,-51.9201 -61.20483,-51.9201 -60.67644,-51.9201 -60.14805,-51.9201 -59.61966,-51.9201 -59.09127,-51.9201 -58.56288,-51.9201 -58.03449,-51.9201 -57.5061))"]	["POINT(-47.29195 -60.14805)"]	false	false
Historic Perspectives on Climate and Biogeography from Deep-Sea Corals in the Drake Passage	0944474	2011-01-01	Robinson, Laura	Collaborative Research: Historic Perspectives on Climate and Biogeography from Deep-sea Corals in the Drake Passage	Polar oceans are the main sites of deep-water formation and are critical to the exchange of heat and carbon between the deep ocean and the atmosphere. This award "Historic perspectives on climate and biogeography from deep-sea corals in the Drake Passage" will address the following specific research questions: What was the radiocarbon content of the Southern Ocean during the last glacial maximum and during past rapid climate change events? and What are the major controls on the past and present distribution of cold-water corals within the Drake Passage and adjacent continental shelves? Testing these overall questions will allow the researchers to better understand how processes in the Southern Ocean are linked to climate change over millennia. This award is being funded by the Antarctic Earth Sciences Program of NSF's Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. INTELLECTUAL MERIT: The skeletons of deep-sea corals are abundant in the Southern Ocean, and can be dated using U-series techniques making them a useful archive of oceanographic history. By pairing U-series and radiocarbon analyses the awardees can reconstruct the radiocarbon content of seawater in the past, allowing them to address the research questions raised above. Collection of living deep-sea corals along with environmental data will allow them to address the broader biogeography questions posed above as well. The awardees are uniquely qualified to answer these questions in their respective labs via cutting edge technologies, and they have shown promising results from a preliminary pilot cruise to the area in 2008. BROADER IMPACTS: Societal Relevance: The proposed paleoclimate research will make significant advances toward constraining the Southern Ocean's influence on global climate, specifically it should help set the bounds for the upper limits on how fast the ocean circulation might change in this region of the world, which is of high societal relevance in this era of changing climate. Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating undergraduate through post-doctoral students into research programs; ii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by providing information via a cruise website and in-school talks, iii) making the data collected available to the wider research community via data archives such as Seamounts Online and the Seamount Biogeographic Network and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as interviews in the popular media.	["POLYGON((-70.5 -54.5,-66.95 -54.5,-63.4 -54.5,-59.85 -54.5,-56.3 -54.5,-52.75 -54.5,-49.2 -54.5,-45.65 -54.5,-42.1 -54.5,-38.55 -54.5,-35 -54.5,-35 -55.2,-35 -55.9,-35 -56.6,-35 -57.3,-35 -58,-35 -58.7,-35 -59.4,-35 -60.1,-35 -60.8,-35 -61.5,-38.55 -61.5,-42.1 -61.5,-45.65 -61.5,-49.2 -61.5,-52.75 -61.5,-56.3 -61.5,-59.85 -61.5,-63.4 -61.5,-66.95 -61.5,-70.5 -61.5,-70.5 -60.8,-70.5 -60.1,-70.5 -59.4,-70.5 -58.7,-70.5 -58,-70.5 -57.3,-70.5 -56.6,-70.5 -55.9,-70.5 -55.2,-70.5 -54.5))"]	["POINT(-52.75 -58)"]	false	false
Ion Concentrations from SPRESSO Ice Core, Antarctica	0636506	2010-07-01	Mayewski, Paul A.; Korotkikh, Elena	Collaborative Proposal: 2000+ Year Detailed, Calibrated Climate Reconstruction from a South Pole Ice Core Set in an Antarctic - Global Scale Context	This data set contains ion measurements from co-registered samples from the South Pole Remote Earth Science and Seismological Observatory (SPRESSO) ice core. The core was drilled during the 2002-2003 field season as part of the International Trans-Antarctic Science Expedition (ITASE). Samples were collected for ion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry and stable water isotope analysis. Parameters include measurements of ion concentrations in ice core samples. The data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel format (.xls).	["POINT(-144.39 -89.93)"]	["POINT(-144.39 -89.93)"]	false	false
Free-Drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean	0636543	2010-01-01	Murray, Alison	Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean	Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children's books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.	["POLYGON((-51.98403 -57.58068,-51.042765 -57.58068,-50.1015 -57.58068,-49.160235 -57.58068,-48.21897 -57.58068,-47.277705 -57.58068,-46.33644 -57.58068,-45.395175 -57.58068,-44.45391 -57.58068,-43.512645 -57.58068,-42.57138 -57.58068,-42.57138 -58.10845,-42.57138 -58.63622,-42.57138 -59.16399,-42.57138 -59.69176,-42.57138 -60.21953,-42.57138 -60.7473,-42.57138 -61.27507,-42.57138 -61.80284,-42.57138 -62.33061,-42.57138 -62.85838,-43.512645 -62.85838,-44.45391 -62.85838,-45.395175 -62.85838,-46.33644 -62.85838,-47.277705 -62.85838,-48.21897 -62.85838,-49.160235 -62.85838,-50.1015 -62.85838,-51.042765 -62.85838,-51.98403 -62.85838,-51.98403 -62.33061,-51.98403 -61.80284,-51.98403 -61.27507,-51.98403 -60.7473,-51.98403 -60.21953,-51.98403 -59.69176,-51.98403 -59.16399,-51.98403 -58.63622,-51.98403 -58.10845,-51.98403 -57.58068))"]	["POINT(-47.277705 -60.21953)"]	false	false
Antarctica's Geological History Reflected in Sedimentary Radiogenic Isotopes	0538580	2010-01-01	van de Flierdt, Tina; Goldstein, Steven L.; Hemming, Sidney R.	Antarctica's Geological History Reflected in Sedimentary Radiogenic Isotopes	This project studies sediment from the ocean floor to understand Antarctica's geologic history. Glacially eroded from the Antarctic continent, these sediments may offer insight into the 99% Antarctica covered by ice. The work's central focus is determining crust formation ages and thermal histories for three key areas of East Antarctica--Prydz Bay, eastern Weddell Sea, and Wilkes Land--through a combination of petrography, bulk sediment geochemistry and radiogenic isotopes, as well as isotope chronology of individual mineral grains. One specific objective is characterizing the composition of the Gamburtsev Mountains through studies of Eocene fluvial sediments from Prydz Bay. In addition to furthering our understanding of the hidden terrains of Antarctica, these terrigenous sediments will also serve as a natural laboratory to evaluate the effects of continental weathering on the Hf/Nd isotope systematics of seawater. An important broader impact of the project is providing exciting research projects for graduate and postdoctoral students using state of the art techniques in geochemistry.	["POLYGON((60 -60,72 -60,84 -60,96 -60,108 -60,120 -60,132 -60,144 -60,156 -60,168 -60,180 -60,180 -61,180 -62,180 -63,180 -64,180 -65,180 -66,180 -67,180 -68,180 -69,180 -70,168 -70,156 -70,144 -70,132 -70,120 -70,108 -70,96 -70,84 -70,72 -70,60 -70,60 -69,60 -68,60 -67,60 -66,60 -65,60 -64,60 -63,60 -62,60 -61,60 -60))"]	["POINT(120 -65)"]	false	false
The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula	0442857	2010-01-01	Baker, Bill	Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula	Mesoherbivores, and specifically amphipods, are a conspicuous and dominant component of the macroalgal community in Antarctica. Despite their high abundance, the functional ecology, and particularly the trophic relationships of Antarctic amphipods are poorly understood. This project will evaluate the importance of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1 to 25 mm in body length) in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities. This will be accomplished by examining the role of mesoherbivores in structuring macroalgal communities and by elucidating the ecological interactions of mesograzers with a dominant group of benthic macroinvertebrates, the marine sponges. Moreover, chemical studies will be conducted to gain a more thorough understanding of the chemical defenses that Antarctic Peninsula sponges direct towards crustacean mesograzers. Three sets of questions will be addressed concerning the importance of mesograzers, and amphipods in particular, in nearshore habitats of the western Antarctic Peninsula. First, the hypothesis that mesoherbivory is particularly heavy in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities and has an important influence on algal community structure will be addressed. Initial studies will document which species of amphipods feed in whole or part on microalgae and macroalgae, the incidence and distribution of filamentous endophytes in dominant macroalgae, comparative night time patterns of amphipod abundances on macrophytes, and the role of chemical mediation in these relationships. Second, the broad hypothesis that mesograzers in general, and amphipods in particular, interact with and prey upon sponges to a greater extent than heretofore recognized in Antarctic communities will be tested. The functional basis of these associations will be considered by examining whether the sponges are used as prey, and if so, whether there is evidence that some sponges produce secondary metabolites that show efficacy against mesograzers such as amphipods. Third, the researchers will test the hypotheses that: 1) Antarctic algae and invertebrates biosynthesize secondary metabolites that deter feeding by amphipod predators; and 2) pigments found in three Antarctic sponges are tryptophan catabolites produced as defenses against crustacean predators that impact molting. Evaluation of these hypotheses will be based on isolation and characterization of the specific anti-feeding metabolites, on biosynthetic studies to establish the metabolic origin of the pigments, and on bioassays to establish the chemical defense roles of both groups of compounds. A variety of educational activities will be a major component of this project. Opportunities will be made to support graduate and undergraduate research, both through NSF programs as well as home university-based programs including a number of funded programs that enhance the representation of minorities in the sciences. Through their proven and highly successful interactive web program, the investigators will continue to involve a large numbers of teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large in their scientific endeavors in Antarctica. Moreover, they will actively participate in outreach efforts by presenting numerous talks on their research to school and community groups.	["POLYGON((-65 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.6 -63,-64.4 -63,-64.2 -63,-64 -63,-63.8 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.4 -63,-63.2 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.2,-63 -63.4,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.8,-63 -64,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.4,-63 -64.6,-63 -64.8,-63 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.4 -65,-63.6 -65,-63.8 -65,-64 -65,-64.2 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.6 -65,-64.8 -65,-65 -65,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.6,-65 -64.4,-65 -64.2,-65 -64,-65 -63.8,-65 -63.6,-65 -63.4,-65 -63.2,-65 -63))"]	["POINT(-64 -64)"]	false	false
The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula	0442769	2010-01-01	McClintock, James; Amsler, Charles	Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula	Mesoherbivores, and specifically amphipods, are a conspicuous and dominant component of the macroalgal community in Antarctica. Despite their high abundance, the functional ecology, and particularly the trophic relationships of Antarctic amphipods are poorly understood. This project will evaluate the importance of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1 to 25 mm in body length) in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities. This will be accomplished by examining the role of mesoherbivores in structuring macroalgal communities and by elucidating the ecological interactions of mesograzers with a dominant group of benthic macroinvertebrates, the marine sponges. Moreover, chemical studies will be conducted to gain a more thorough understanding of the chemical defenses that Antarctic Peninsula sponges direct towards crustacean mesograzers. Three sets of questions will be addressed concerning the importance of mesograzers, and amphipods in particular, in nearshore habitats of the western Antarctic Peninsula. First, the hypothesis that mesoherbivory is particularly heavy in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities and has an important influence on algal community structure will be addressed. Initial studies will document which species of amphipods feed in whole or part on microalgae and macroalgae, the incidence and distribution of filamentous endophytes in dominant macroalgae, comparative night time patterns of amphipod abundances on macrophytes, and the role of chemical mediation in these relationships. Second, the broad hypothesis that mesograzers in general, and amphipods in particular, interact with and prey upon sponges to a greater extent than heretofore recognized in Antarctic communities will be tested. The functional basis of these associations will be considered by examining whether the sponges are used as prey, and if so, whether there is evidence that some sponges produce secondary metabolites that show efficacy against mesograzers such as amphipods. Third, the researchers will test the hypotheses that: 1) Antarctic algae and invertebrates biosynthesize secondary metabolites that deter feeding by amphipod predators; and 2) pigments found in three Antarctic sponges are tryptophan catabolites produced as defenses against crustacean predators that impact molting. Evaluation of these hypotheses will be based on isolation and characterization of the specific anti-feeding metabolites, on biosynthetic studies to establish the metabolic origin of the pigments, and on bioassays to establish the chemical defense roles of both groups of compounds. A variety of educational activities will be a major component of this project. Opportunities will be made to support graduate and undergraduate research, both through NSF programs as well as home university-based programs including a number of funded programs that enhance the representation of minorities in the sciences. Through their proven and highly successful interactive web program, the investigators will continue to involve a large numbers of teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large in their scientific endeavors in Antarctica. Moreover, they will actively participate in outreach efforts by presenting numerous talks on their research to school and community groups.	["POLYGON((-64.15 -64.78,-64.132 -64.78,-64.114 -64.78,-64.096 -64.78,-64.078 -64.78,-64.06 -64.78,-64.042 -64.78,-64.024 -64.78,-64.006 -64.78,-63.988 -64.78,-63.97 -64.78,-63.97 -64.784,-63.97 -64.788,-63.97 -64.792,-63.97 -64.796,-63.97 -64.8,-63.97 -64.804,-63.97 -64.808,-63.97 -64.812,-63.97 -64.816,-63.97 -64.82,-63.988 -64.82,-64.006 -64.82,-64.024 -64.82,-64.042 -64.82,-64.06 -64.82,-64.078 -64.82,-64.096 -64.82,-64.114 -64.82,-64.132 -64.82,-64.15 -64.82,-64.15 -64.816,-64.15 -64.812,-64.15 -64.808,-64.15 -64.804,-64.15 -64.8,-64.15 -64.796,-64.15 -64.792,-64.15 -64.788,-64.15 -64.784,-64.15 -64.78))"]	["POINT(-64.06 -64.8)"]	false	false
Laboratory Studies of Isotopic Exchange in Snow	0338008	2010-01-01	Neumann, Thomas A.	Collaborative Research: Laboratory Studies of Isotopic Exchange in Snow and Firn	This data set contains sublimation rate data from laboratory studies of snow. Parameters include flow rate, measured sublimation rate, and theoretical maximum sublimation rate. Data were collected in cold rooms at the Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory (CRREL), in Hanover, NH, during 2005 and 2006. The data were collected as part of a collaborative research project. The project aims to develop a quantitative understanding of the processes active in isotopic exchange between snow/firn and water vapor, which is important to Antarctic ice core interpretation. Data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel (.xls) format.	["POINT(-72 43)"]	["POINT(-72 43)"]	false	false
Snow Accumulation and Snow Melt in a Mixed Northern Hardwood-Conifer Forest	0338008	2010-01-01	Wemple, Beverley C.	Collaborative Research: Laboratory Studies of Isotopic Exchange in Snow and Firn	This data set contains snow depth, Snow Water Equivalent (SWE), and forest cover characteristics for sites at the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest in northern New Hampshire. Measurements were made at 26 sampling sites on 4 March and 1 April 2009.The data were collected as part of a collaborative research project on isotopic exchange in snow. The project aims to develop a quantitative understanding of the processes active in isotopic exchange between snow/firn and water vapor, which is important to Antarctic ice core interpretation. Data are in Microsoft Excel (.xls) format. The data set also includes maps showing site locations in Joint Photography Experts Group (.jpg) format.	["POLYGON((-71.77 43.96,-71.766 43.96,-71.762 43.96,-71.758 43.96,-71.754 43.96,-71.75 43.96,-71.746 43.96,-71.742 43.96,-71.738 43.96,-71.734 43.96,-71.73 43.96,-71.73 43.955,-71.73 43.95,-71.73 43.945,-71.73 43.94,-71.73 43.935,-71.73 43.93,-71.73 43.925,-71.73 43.92,-71.73 43.915,-71.73 43.91,-71.734 43.91,-71.738 43.91,-71.742 43.91,-71.746 43.91,-71.75 43.91,-71.754 43.91,-71.758 43.91,-71.762 43.91,-71.766 43.91,-71.77 43.91,-71.77 43.915,-71.77 43.92,-71.77 43.925,-71.77 43.93,-71.77 43.935,-71.77 43.94,-71.77 43.945,-71.77 43.95,-71.77 43.955,-71.77 43.96))"]	["POINT(-71.75 43.935)"]	false	false
Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection	0440687	2010-01-01	Klinck, John M.; Crocker, Daniel; Goebel, Michael; Hofmann, Eileen; Costa, Daniel	Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection	As long-lived animals, marine mammals must be capable of accommodating broad variations in food resources over large spatial and temporal scales. While this is true of all marine mammals, variation in the physical and biological environmental is particularly profound in the Southern Ocean. A basic understanding of the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of pelagic predators requires knowledge of this spatial and temporal variation, coupled with information of how they respond to these changes. Current understanding of these associations is primarily limited to population level studies where animal abundance has been correlated with oceanography. Although these studies are informative, they cannot provide insights into the strategies employed by individual animals nor can they provide insights into the spatial or temporal course of these interactions. Recent technological advances in instrumentation make it possible to extend an understanding beyond the simple linkage of prey and predator distributions with environmental features. The key to understanding the processes that lead to high predator abundance is the identification of the specific foraging behaviors associated with different features of the water column. This study will accomplish these objectives by combining accurate positional data, measures of diving and foraging behavior, animal-derived water-column temperature and salinity data, and available oceanographic data. This project will examine the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of two species of contrasting foraging ecology, the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, and the crabeater seal, Lobodon carcinophagus in the Western Antarctic Peninsula, a region of strong environmental gradients. Although these two species are phylogenetically related, they utilize substantially different but adjacent habitat types. Southern elephant seals are predominantly pelagic, moving throughout the southern ocean, venturing occasionally into the seasonal pack ice whereas crabeater seals range throughout the seasonal pack ice, venturing occasionally into open water. The relationship of specific foraging behaviors and animal movement patterns to oceanographic and bathymetric features develop and test models of the importance of these features in defining habitat use will be determined along with a comparison of how individuals of each species respond to annual variability in the marine environment. The physical oceanography of the Southern Ocean is inherently complex as are the biological processes that are intrinsically linked to oceanographic processes. Significant resources are currently being directed toward developing mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes with the goals of better understanding the role that the Southern Ocean plays in global climate processes, predicting the responses of ocean and global scale processes to climate change, and understanding the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. These efforts have been limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data in the region, especially at high latitudes in the winter months. This study will provide new and significant oceanographic data on temperature and salinity profiles in to further the understanding of the dynamics of the upper water column of west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf waters. Outreach activities include website development and an association with a marine education program at the Monterrey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.	["POLYGON((-64 -60,-63 -60,-62 -60,-61 -60,-60 -60,-59 -60,-58 -60,-57 -60,-56 -60,-55 -60,-54 -60,-54 -60.4,-54 -60.8,-54 -61.2,-54 -61.6,-54 -62,-54 -62.4,-54 -62.8,-54 -63.2,-54 -63.6,-54 -64,-55 -64,-56 -64,-57 -64,-58 -64,-59 -64,-60 -64,-61 -64,-62 -64,-63 -64,-64 -64,-64 -63.6,-64 -63.2,-64 -62.8,-64 -62.4,-64 -62,-64 -61.6,-64 -61.2,-64 -60.8,-64 -60.4,-64 -60))"]	["POINT(-59 -62)"]	false	false
Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods	0808947	2010-01-01	Fabry, Victoria; Hofmann, Gretchen	Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods	This Small Grant for Exploratory Research (SGER) will support the rapid acquisition of DNA sequence for the Antarctic pteropod Limacina helicina, a resource that would allow the development of a cDNA microarray to profile gene expression in this critical marine invertebrate in response to ocean acidification. This request would facilitate the collaboration of the PI (Hofmann), a marine molecular ecologist, with co-PI, Prof. Victoria Fabry, an expert in pteropod calcification biology, and a leader in the ocean acidification research community. Finally, the resources developed here would be shared with the polar research community and all DNA sequence data and protocols would be available via web databases. Notably, the genomic tool developed here would most likely be useful for pteropods from Antarctic and Arctic waters. The broader impacts of this project would be the development of genomic tools for a critical Antarctic marine invertebrate that is threatened by ocean acidification. In addition, these resources would be shared with the polar biology research community.	["POLYGON((-160 -70,-159 -70,-158 -70,-157 -70,-156 -70,-155 -70,-154 -70,-153 -70,-152 -70,-151 -70,-150 -70,-150 -70.7,-150 -71.4,-150 -72.1,-150 -72.8,-150 -73.5,-150 -74.2,-150 -74.9,-150 -75.6,-150 -76.3,-150 -77,-151 -77,-152 -77,-153 -77,-154 -77,-155 -77,-156 -77,-157 -77,-158 -77,-159 -77,-160 -77,-160 -76.3,-160 -75.6,-160 -74.9,-160 -74.2,-160 -73.5,-160 -72.8,-160 -72.1,-160 -71.4,-160 -70.7,-160 -70))"]	["POINT(-155 -73.5)"]	false	false
Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles	0801392	2010-01-01	Swanson, Brian	Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles	The primary objective of this research is to investigate polar marine psychrophilic bacteria for their potential to nucleate ice using a combination of microbiological, molecular biological and atmospheric science approaches in the laboratory. Very little is known about how psychrophiles interact and cope with ice or their adaptations to conditions of extreme cold and salinity. This work will involve a series of laboratory experiments using a novel freeze-tube technique for assaying freezing spectra which will provide quantitative information on: (i) the temperature-dependent freezing rates for heterogeneously frozen droplets containing sea-ice bacteria, (ii) the proportional occurrence of ice-nucleation activity versus anti-freeze activity among sea-ice bacterial isolates and (iii) the temperature-dependent freezing rates of bacteria with ice-nucleation activity grown at a range of temperatures and salinities. The compound(s) responsible for the observed activity will be identified, which is an essential step towards the development of an in-situ bacterial ice-nucleation detection assay that can be applied in the field to Antarctic water and cloud samples. One of the goals of this work is to better understand survival and cold adaptation processes of polar marine bacteria confronted with freezing conditions in sea ice. Since sea ice strongly impacts polar, as well as the global climates, this research is of significant interest because it will also provide data for accessing the importance of bacterial ice nucleation in the formation of sea ice. These measurements of ice-nucleation rates will be the first high-resolution measurements for psychrophilic marine bacteria. Another goal is to better understand the impact of bacterial ice initiation processes in polar clouds by making high-resolution measurements of nucleation rates for cloud bacteria found over Arctic and Antarctic regions. Initial measurements indicate these bacteria nucleate ice at warmer temperatures and the effect in polar regions may be quite important, since ice can strongly impact cloud dynamics, cloud radiative properties, precipitation formation, and cloud chemistry. If these initial measurements are confirmed, the data collected here will be important for improving the understanding of polar cloud processes and models. A third goal is to better understand the molecular basis of marine bacterial ice nucleation by characterizing the ice-nucleation compound and comparing it with those of known plant-derived ice-nucleating bacteria, which are the only ice-nucleating bacteria examined in detail to date. The proposed activity will support the beginning academic career of a post-doctoral researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects. Results from this research will be widely published in various scientific journals and outreach venues.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean	0636730	2010-01-01	Vernet, Maria	Collaborative Reseach: Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean.	Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children's books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.	["POLYGON((-55 -52,-53.5 -52,-52 -52,-50.5 -52,-49 -52,-47.5 -52,-46 -52,-44.5 -52,-43 -52,-41.5 -52,-40 -52,-40 -53.3,-40 -54.6,-40 -55.9,-40 -57.2,-40 -58.5,-40 -59.8,-40 -61.1,-40 -62.4,-40 -63.7,-40 -65,-41.5 -65,-43 -65,-44.5 -65,-46 -65,-47.5 -65,-49 -65,-50.5 -65,-52 -65,-53.5 -65,-55 -65,-55 -63.7,-55 -62.4,-55 -61.1,-55 -59.8,-55 -58.5,-55 -57.2,-55 -55.9,-55 -54.6,-55 -53.3,-55 -52))"]	["POINT(-47.5 -58.5)"]	false	false
Free-Drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean	0636723	2010-01-01	Helly, John	Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean	Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children's books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.	["POLYGON((-55 -52,-53.5 -52,-52 -52,-50.5 -52,-49 -52,-47.5 -52,-46 -52,-44.5 -52,-43 -52,-41.5 -52,-40 -52,-40 -53.3,-40 -54.6,-40 -55.9,-40 -57.2,-40 -58.5,-40 -59.8,-40 -61.1,-40 -62.4,-40 -63.7,-40 -65,-41.5 -65,-43 -65,-44.5 -65,-46 -65,-47.5 -65,-49 -65,-50.5 -65,-52 -65,-53.5 -65,-55 -65,-55 -63.7,-55 -62.4,-55 -61.1,-55 -59.8,-55 -58.5,-55 -57.2,-55 -55.9,-55 -54.6,-55 -53.3,-55 -52))"]	["POINT(-47.5 -58.5)"]	false	false
Biogeochemistry of Dissolved Organic Matter in Pony Lake, Ross Island	0338342 0338260	2009-01-01	Chin, Yu-Ping; Foreman, Christine	Collaborative Research: Biogeochemistry of Dissolved Organic Matter in Pony Lake, Ross Island	Dissolved organic matter (DOM) is a significant chemical component in aquatic systems because it acts as an important carbon source for microorganisms, absorbs harmful radiation in sunlight, is able to complex metals, and can participate in important biogeochemical reactions. This study will investigate the biogeochemical cycling of DOM in a small coastal Antarctic pond, Pony Lake, located on Cape Royds, Ross Island. Because there are no higher plants present at this site all of the DOM in this lake is derived from microorganisms. Thus, Pony Lake is an ideal site to study the effect of physical, chemical, and microbial processes on the composition and character of the DOM pool. Finally, Pony Lake is also an ideal site to collect an International Humic Substances Society (IHSS) fulvic acid standard. Unlike other IHSS standards, this standard will not contain DOM components derived from higher land plants. To better understand the role of physical influences, the project will study the changes in the DOM pool as the lake evolves from ice-covered to ice-free conditions during the summer, as well as the relationship of DOM to the observed turnover of dominant microbial communities in the lake. Scientists will also monitor changes in microbial abundance, diversity, and productivity that may occur during the ice to open-water transition period. This research will provide much needed information regarding the relationship between microbial diversity and DOM biogeochemistry. Middle school science students will be active participants in this project through the Internet, while scientists are in the field, and in the lab.	["POINT(166.167 -77.55)"]	["POINT(166.167 -77.55)"]	false	false
Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	0436190	2009-01-01	Eastman, Joseph	Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	Patterns of biodiversity, as revealed by basic research in organismal biology, may be derived from ecological and evolutionary processes expressed in unique settings, such as Antarctica. The polar regions and their faunas are commanding increased attention as declining species diversity, environmental change, commercial fisheries, and resource management are now being viewed in a global context. Commercial fishing is known to have a direct and pervasive effect on marine biodiversity, and occurs in the Southern Ocean as far south as the Ross Sea. The nature of fish biodiversity in the Antarctic is different than in all other ocean shelf areas. Waters of the Antarctic continental shelf are ice covered for most of the year and water temperatures are nearly constant at -1.5 C. In these waters components of the phyletically derived Antarctic clade of Notothenioids dominate fish diversity. In some regions, including the southwestern Ross Sea, Notothenioids are overwhelmingly dominant in terms of number of species, abundance, and biomass. Such dominance by a single taxonomic group is unique among shelf faunas of the world. In the absence of competition from a taxonomically diverse fauna, Notothenioids underwent a habitat or depth related diversification keyed to the utilization of unfilled niches in the water column, especially pelagic or partially pelagic zooplanktivory and piscivory. This has been accomplished in the absence of a swim bladder for buoyancy control. They also may form a special type of adaptive radiation known as a species flock, which is an assemblage of a disproportionately high number of related species that have evolved rapidly within a defined area where most species are endemic. Diversification in buoyancy is the hallmark of the notothenioid radiation. Buoyancy is the feature of notothenioid biology that determines whether a species lives on the substrate, in the water column or both. Buoyancy also influences other key aspects of life history including swimming, feeding and reproduction and thus has implications for the role of the species in the ecosystem. With similarities to classic evolutionary hot spots, the Antarctic shelf and its Notothenioid radiation merit further exploration. The 2004 'International Collaborative Expedition to collect and study Fish Indigenous to Sub-Antarctic Habitats,' or, 'ICEFISH,' provided a platform for collection of notothenioid fishes from sub-Antarctic waters between South America and Africa, which will be examined in this project. This study will determine buoyancy for samples of all notothenioid species captured during the ICEFISH cruise. This essential aspect of the biology is known for only 19% of the notothenioid fauna. Also, the gross and microscopic anatomy of brains and sense organs of the phyletically basal families Bovichtidae, Eleginopidae, and of the non-Antarctic species of the primarily Antarctic family Nototheniidae will be examined. The fish biodiversity and endemicity in poorly known localities along the ICEFISH cruise track, seamounts and deep trenches will be quantified. Broader impacts include improved information for comprehending and conserving biodiversity, a scientific and societal priority.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis	0437887	2009-01-01	Sidell, Bruce	Collaborative Research: Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis.	The polar ocean presently surrounding Antarctica is the coldest, most thermally stable marine environment on earth. Because oxygen solubility in seawater is inversely proportional to temperature, the cold Antarctic seas are an exceptionally oxygen-rich aquatic habitat. Eight families of a single perciform suborder, the Notothenioidei, dominate the present fish fauna surrounding Antarctica. Notothenioids account for approximately 35% of fish species and 90% of fish biomass south of the Antarctic Polar Front. Radiation of closely related notothenioid species thus has occurred rapidly and under a very unusual set of conditions: relative oceanographic isolation from other faunas due to circumpolar currents and deep ocean trenches surrounding the continent, chronically, severely cold water temperatures, very high oxygen availability, very low levels of niche competition in a Southern Ocean depauperate of species subsequent to a dramatic crash in species diversity of fishes that occurred sometime between the mid-Tertiary and present. These features make Antarctic notothenioid fishes an uniquely attractive group for the study of physiological and biochemical adaptations to cold body temperature. Few distinctive features of Antarctic fishes are as unique as the pattern of expression of oxygen-binding proteins in one notothenioid family, the Channichthyidae (Antarctic icefishes). All channichthyid icefishes lack the circulating oxygen-binding protein, hemoglobin (Hb); the intracellular oxygen-binding protein, myoglobin (Mb) is not uniformly expressed in species of this family. Both proteins are normally considered essential for adequate delivery of oxygen to aerobically poised tissues of animals. To compensate for the absence of Hb, icefishes have developed large hearts, rapidly circulate a large blood volume and possess elaborate vasculature of larger lumenal diameter than is seen in red-blooded fishes. Loss of Mb expression in oxidative muscles correlates with dramatic elevation in density of mitochondria within the cell, although each individual organelle is less densely packed with respiratory proteins. Within the framework of oxygen movement, the adaptive significance of greater vascular density and mitochondrial populations is understandable but mechanisms underlying development of these characteristics remain unknown. The answer may lie in another major function of both Hb and Mb, degradation of the ubiquitous bioactive compound, nitric oxide (NO). The research will test the hypothesis that loss of hemoprotein expression in icefishes has resulted in an increase in levels of NO that mediate modification of vascular systems and expansion of mitochondrial populations in oxidative tissues. The objectives of the proposal are to quantify the vascular density of retinas in +Hb and -Hb notothenioid species, to characterize NOS isoforms and catalytic activity in retina and cardiac muscle of Antarctic notothenioid fishes, to evaluate level of expression of downstream factors implicat ed in angiogenesis (in retinal tissue) and mitochondrial biogenesis (in cardiac muscle), and to determine whether inhibition of NOS in vivo results in regression of angiogenic and mitochondrial biogenic responses in icefishes. Broader impacts range from basic biology, through training of young scientists, to enhanced understanding of clinically relevant biomedical processes.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites	0440414	2009-01-01	Steig, Eric J.	Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites	This award supports a project to obtain stable isotope profiles from shallow (<100 m) ice cores from East Antarctica, to add to the growing database of environmental proxy data collected under the auspices of the "ITASE" (International TransAntarctic Scientific Expedition) program. In Antarctica, the instrumental record of climate is particularly short (~40 years except in a few isolated locations on the coast), and ice core proxy data are the only means available for extending this record into the past. The use of stable isotopes of water (18-O/16-O and D/H ratios) from ice cores as proxies for temperature is well established for both very short (i.e. seasonal) and long timescales (centuries, millennia). Using multivariate regression methods and shallow ice cores from West Antarctica, a reconstruction of Antarctic climate over the last ~150 years has been developed which suggests the continent has been warming, on average, at a rate of ~0.2 K/century. Further improving these reconstructions is the chief motivation for further extending the US ITASE project. Ten to fifteen shallow (~100 m) from Victoria Land, East Antarctica will be obtained and analyzed. The core will be collected along a traverse route beginning at Taylor Dome and ending at the South Pole. Age-depth relationships for the cores will be determined through a combination of stable isotopes, visual stratigraphy and seasonal chemical signatures and marker horizons. Reconstructions of Antarctic climate obtained from these cores will be incorporated into the global network of paleoclimate information, which has been important in science, policy and educational contexts. The project will include graduate student and postdoctoral training and field experience.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
What Limits Denitrification and Bacterial Growth in Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica?	0230276	2009-01-01	Ward, Bess	Collaborative Research: What Limits Denitrification and Bacterial Growth in Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica?	Denitrification is the main process by which fixed nitrogen is lost from ecosystems and the regulation of this process may directly affect primary production and carbon cycling over short and long time scales. Previous investigations of the role of bioactive metals in regulating denitrification in bacteria from permanently ice-covered Lake Bonney in the Taylor Valley of East Antarctica indicated that denitrifying bacteria can be negatively affected by metals such as copper, iron, cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, silver and zinc; and that there is a distinct difference in denitrifying activity between the east and west lobes of the lake. Low iron concentrations were found to exacerbate the potential toxicity of the other metals, while silver has the potential to specifically inhibit denitrification because of its ability to interfere with copper binding in redox proteins, such as nitrite reductase and nitrous oxide reductase. High silver concentrations might prevent the functioning of nitrous oxide reductase in the same way that simple copper limitation does, thereby causing the buildup of nitrous oxide and resulting in a nonfunctional nitrogen cycle. Other factors, such as oxygen concentration, are likely also to affect bacterial activity in Lake Bonney. This project will investigate silver toxicity, general metal toxicity and oxygen concentration to determine their effect on denitrification in the lake by using a suite of 'sentinel' strains of denitrifying bacteria (isolated from the lake) incubated in Lake Bonney water and subjected to various treatments. The physiological responses of these strains to changes in metal and oxygen concentration will be quantified by flow cytometric detection of single cell molecular probes whose sensitivity and interpretation have been optimized for the sentinel strains. Understanding the relationships between metals and denitrification is expected to enhance our understanding of not only Lake Bonney's unusual nitrogen cycle, but more generally, of the potential role of metals in the regulation of microbial nitrogen transformations. The broader impacts of this work include not only a better understanding of regional biogeochemistry and global perspectives on these processes; but also the training of graduate students and a substantial outreach effort for school children.	["POLYGON((162 -77.2,162.16 -77.2,162.32 -77.2,162.48 -77.2,162.64 -77.2,162.8 -77.2,162.96 -77.2,163.12 -77.2,163.28 -77.2,163.44 -77.2,163.6 -77.2,163.6 -77.26,163.6 -77.32,163.6 -77.38,163.6 -77.44,163.6 -77.5,163.6 -77.56,163.6 -77.62,163.6 -77.68,163.6 -77.74,163.6 -77.8,163.44 -77.8,163.28 -77.8,163.12 -77.8,162.96 -77.8,162.8 -77.8,162.64 -77.8,162.48 -77.8,162.32 -77.8,162.16 -77.8,162 -77.8,162 -77.74,162 -77.68,162 -77.62,162 -77.56,162 -77.5,162 -77.44,162 -77.38,162 -77.32,162 -77.26,162 -77.2))"]	["POINT(162.8 -77.5)"]	false	false
Boron in Antarctic granulite-facies rocks: under what conditions is boron retained in the middle crust?	0228842	2009-01-01	Grew, Edward	Boron in Antarctic granulite-facies rocks: under what conditions is boron retained in the middle crust?	This award, provided by the Antarctic Geology and Geophysics Program of the Office of Polar Programs, supports a project to investigate the role and fate of Boron in high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Larsemann Hills region of Antarctica. Trace elements provide valuable information on the changes sedimentary rocks undergo as temperature and pressure increase during burial. One such element, boron, is particularly sensitive to increasing temperature because of its affinity for aqueous fluids, which are lost as rocks are buried. Boron contents of unmetamorphosed pelitic sediments range from 20 to over 200 parts per million, but rarely exceed 5 parts per million in rocks subjected to conditions of the middle and lower crust, that is, temperatures of 700 degrees C or more in the granulite-facies, which is characterized by very low water activities at pressures of 5 to 10 kbar (18-35 km burial). Devolatization reactions with loss of aqueous fluid and partial melting with removal of melt have been cited as primary causes for boron depletion under granulite-facies conditions. Despite the pervasiveness of both these processes, rocks rich in boron are locally found in the granulite-facies, that is, there are mechanisms for retaining boron during the metamorphic process. The Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, Antarctica, are a prime example. More than 20 lenses and layered bodies containing four borosilicate mineral species crop out over a 50 square kilometer area, which thus would be well suited for research on boron-rich granulite-facies metamorphic rocks. While most investigators have focused on the causes for loss of boron, this work will investigate how boron is retained during high-grade metamorphism. Field observations and mapping in the Larsemann Hills, chemical analyses of minerals and their host rocks, and microprobe age dating will be used to identify possible precursors and deduce how the precursor materials recrystallized into borosilicate rocks under granulite-facies conditions. The working hypothesis is that high initial boron content facilitates retention of boron during metamorphism because above a certain threshold boron content, a mechanism 'kicks in' that facilitates retention of boron in metamorphosed rocks. For example, in a rock with large amounts of the borosilicate tourmaline, such as stratabound tourmalinite, the breakdown of tourmaline to melt could result in the formation of prismatine and grandidierite, two borosilicates found in the Larsemann Hills. This situation is rarely observed in rocks with modest boron content, in which breakdown of tourmaline releases boron into partial melts, which in turn remove boron when they leave the system. Stratabound tourmalinite is associated with manganese-rich quartzite, phosphorus-rich rocks and sulfide concentrations that could be diagnostic for recognizing a tourmalinite protolith in a highly metamorphosed complex where sedimentary features have been destroyed by deformation. Because partial melting plays an important role in the fate of boron during metamorphism, our field and laboratory research will focus on the relationship between the borosilicate units, granite pegmatites and other granitic intrusives. The results of our study will provide information on cycling of boron at deeper levels in the Earth's crust and on possible sources of boron for granites originating from deep-seated rocks. An undergraduate student will participate in the electron microprobe age-dating of monazite and xenotime as part of a senior project, thereby integrating the proposed research into the educational mission of the University of Maine. In response to a proposal for fieldwork, the Australian Antarctic Division, which maintains Davis station near the Larsemann Hills, has indicated that they will support the Antarctic fieldwork.	["POLYGON((76 -69.3,76.05 -69.3,76.1 -69.3,76.15 -69.3,76.2 -69.3,76.25 -69.3,76.3 -69.3,76.35 -69.3,76.4 -69.3,76.45 -69.3,76.5 -69.3,76.5 -69.32,76.5 -69.34,76.5 -69.36,76.5 -69.38,76.5 -69.4,76.5 -69.42,76.5 -69.44,76.5 -69.46,76.5 -69.48,76.5 -69.5,76.45 -69.5,76.4 -69.5,76.35 -69.5,76.3 -69.5,76.25 -69.5,76.2 -69.5,76.15 -69.5,76.1 -69.5,76.05 -69.5,76 -69.5,76 -69.48,76 -69.46,76 -69.44,76 -69.42,76 -69.4,76 -69.38,76 -69.36,76 -69.34,76 -69.32,76 -69.3))"]	["POINT(76.25 -69.4)"]	false	false
Reconstructing the High Latitude Permian-Triassic: Life, Landscapes, and Climate Recorded in the Allan Hills, South Victoria Land, Antarctica	0440954	2009-01-01	Miller, Molly	Collaborative Research: Reconstructing the High Latitude Permian-Triassic: Life, Landscapes, and Climate Recorded in the Allan Hills, South Victoria Land, Antarctica	This project studies fossils from two to three hundred million year old rocks in the Allan Hills area of Antarctica. Similar deposits from lower latitudes have been used to develop a model of Permo-Triassic climate, wherein melting of continental glaciers in the early Permian leads to the establishment of forests in a cold, wet climate. Conditions became warmer and dryer by the early Triassic, inhibiting plant growth until a moistening climate in the late Triassic allowed plant to flourish once again. This project will test and refine this model and investigate the general effects of climate change on landscapes and ecosystems using the unique exposures and well-preserved fossil and sediment records in the Allan Hills area. The area will be searched for fossil forests, vertebrate tracks and burrows, arthropod trackways, and subaqueously produced biogenic structures, which have been found in other areas of Antarctica. Finds will be integrated with previous paleobiologic studies to reconstruct and interpret ecosystems and their changes. Structures and rock types documenting the end phases of continental glaciation and other major episodic sedimentations will also be described and interpreted. This project contributes to understanding the: (1) evolution of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and how they were affected by the end-Permian extinction, (2) abundance and diversity of terrestrial and aquatic arthropods at high latitudes, (3) paleogeographic distribution and evolution of vertebrates and invertebrates as recorded by trace and body fossils; and (3) response of landscapes to changes in climate. In terms of broader impacts, this project will provide an outstanding introduction to field research for graduate and undergraduate students, and generate related opportunities for several undergraduates. It will also stimulate exchange of ideas among research and primarily undergraduate institutions. Novel outreach activities are also planned to convey Earth history to the general public, including a short film on the research process and products, and paintings by a professional scientific illustrator of Permo-Traissic landscapes and ecosystems.	["POLYGON((159 -76.61667,159.05 -76.61667,159.1 -76.61667,159.15 -76.61667,159.2 -76.61667,159.25 -76.61667,159.3 -76.61667,159.35 -76.61667,159.4 -76.61667,159.45 -76.61667,159.5 -76.61667,159.5 -76.630003,159.5 -76.643336,159.5 -76.656669,159.5 -76.670002,159.5 -76.683335,159.5 -76.696668,159.5 -76.710001,159.5 -76.723334,159.5 -76.736667,159.5 -76.75,159.45 -76.75,159.4 -76.75,159.35 -76.75,159.3 -76.75,159.25 -76.75,159.2 -76.75,159.15 -76.75,159.1 -76.75,159.05 -76.75,159 -76.75,159 -76.736667,159 -76.723334,159 -76.710001,159 -76.696668,159 -76.683335,159 -76.670002,159 -76.656669,159 -76.643336,159 -76.630003,159 -76.61667))"]	["POINT(159.25 -76.683335)"]	false	false
Marine Invertebrates of McMurdo Sound	0238281	2008-01-01	Marsh, Adam G.	CAREER: Genomic Networks for Cold-Adaptation in Embryos of Polar Marine Invertebrates	Although we envision the coastal margins of Antarctica as an extreme environment challenging to the existence of life, there are many marine invertebrates that are adapted to live and thrive under the sea ice. For two field seasons, the SCUBA diving activities of this project routinely involved photographing these animals in all the dive locations as a way to document what we observed as the dominant organisms at each site. Ice diving is very strenuous for humans, and often the constraints of managing the work on a dive, monitoring air reserves, tracking proximity to the dive hole, and the 50 minute exposure to subfreezing temperatures limits a divers ability to "catalog" observations that are not essential to the current dive plan. The photographs archived here have provided the project's dive team with the ability to "debrief" following a dive and more or less reenact the dive by moving through the photograph images. Studying these images often served as a visual trigger for divers to recall more specific observations and in many cases details in the photographs were captured without the photographer (A. Marsh) realizing that they were there (such as small, cryptic species hiding in a shadow until the strobe light fires for the photo, illuminating these secondary subjects). These photographs are intended to serve as a record of what organisms we encountered in the McMurdo Sound area in 2004 and 2005. All photographs were taken with a Nikon D-70 in a polycarbonate underwater housing using either a 18 mm (wide) or 60 mm (macro) lens.	["POLYGON((163 -77,163.4 -77,163.8 -77,164.2 -77,164.6 -77,165 -77,165.4 -77,165.8 -77,166.2 -77,166.6 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.6 -78,166.2 -78,165.8 -78,165.4 -78,165 -78,164.6 -78,164.2 -78,163.8 -78,163.4 -78,163 -78,163 -77.9,163 -77.8,163 -77.7,163 -77.6,163 -77.5,163 -77.4,163 -77.3,163 -77.2,163 -77.1,163 -77))"]	["POINT(165 -77.5)"]	false	false
Diving Physiology and Behavior of Emperor Penguins	0229638	2008-01-01	Ponganis, Paul	Diving Physiology and Behavior of Emperor Penguins	The emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri, is the premier avian diver and a top predator in the Antarctic ecosystem. The routine occurrence of 500-m diver during foraging trips to sea is both a physiological and behavior enigma. The objectives of this project address how and why emperors dive as deep and long as they do. The project examines four major topics in the diving biology of emperor penguins: pressure tolerance, oxygen store management, end-organ tolerance of diving hypoxemia/ischemia, and deep-dive foraging behavior. These subjects are relevant to the role of the emperor as a top predator in the Antarctic ecosystem, and to critical concepts in diving physiology, including decompression sickness, nitrogen narcosis, shallow water blackout, hypoxemic tolerance, and extension of aerobic dive time. The following hypotheses will be tested: 1) Prevention of nitrogen narcosis and decompression sickness in emperor penguins is achieved by inhibition of pulmonary gas exchange at depth. 2) Shallow water black out does not occur because of greater cerebral hypoxemic tolerance, and, in deep dives, because of resumption of pulmonary gas exchange during final ascent. 3) The rate of depletion of the blood oxygen store is a function of depth of dive and heart rate. 4) The aerobic dive limit (ADL) reflects the onset of lactate accumulation in locomotory muscle, not total depletion of all oxygen stores. 5) Elevation of tissue antioxidant capacity and free-radical scavenging enzyme activities protect against the routine ischemia/reperfusion which occur during diving. 6) During deep dives, the Antarctic silverfish, Pleuorogramma antarcticum, is the primary prey item for emperors. In addition to evaluation of the hypotheses below, the project has broader impacts in several areas such as partnership with foreign and national institutes and organizations (e.g., the National Institute of Polar Research of Japan, Centro de Investigacioines del Noroeste of Mexico, National Geographic, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Sea World). Participation in National Geographic television documentaries will provide unique educational opportunities for the general public; development of state-of-the-art technology (e.g., blood oxygen electrode recorders, blood samplers, and miniaturized digital cameras) will lay the groundwork for future research by this group and others; and the effects of the B15 iceberg on breeding success of emperor penguins will continue to be evaluated with population censuses during planned fieldwork at several Ross Sea emperor penguin colonies.	["POLYGON((163 -77,163.4 -77,163.8 -77,164.2 -77,164.6 -77,165 -77,165.4 -77,165.8 -77,166.2 -77,166.6 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.6 -78,166.2 -78,165.8 -78,165.4 -78,165 -78,164.6 -78,164.2 -78,163.8 -78,163.4 -78,163 -78,163 -77.9,163 -77.8,163 -77.7,163 -77.6,163 -77.5,163 -77.4,163 -77.3,163 -77.2,163 -77.1,163 -77))"]	["POINT(165 -77.5)"]	false	false
Interactive Effects of UV Radiation and Vertical Mixing on Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity of Ross Sea Phaeocystis Blooms	0127022	2008-01-01	Jeffrey, Wade H.	Collaborative Proposal: Interactive Effects of UV Radiation and Vertical Mixing on Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity of Ross See Phaeocystis Blooms	Data from five research cruises from OPP grant entitled "Interactive Effects of UV and Vertical Mixing on Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity of Ross Sea Phaeocystis Bloom (OPP0127022). The first two cruises were ships of opportunity cruises in the Pacific Ocean, the first collecting data between Valapariso, Chile and San Diego, CA (October 2002). The second and third cruises combined to provide data in a transect from 70 N to 68 S latitude in the Pacific ocean (August - November 2003). The remaining two cruises were to the Ross Sea, the first in December 2004 - January 2005 and the last from October - November 2005. Data presented include microbial biomass (bacterial direct counts) and chlorophyll a concentrations, bacterial production (as leucine or thymidine incorporation), solar irradiance data, CTD profiles, and one set of under water diffuse attenuation coefficients of for the Ross Sea.	["POLYGON((159.8 -43.3,161.8 -43.3,163.8 -43.3,165.8 -43.3,167.8 -43.3,169.8 -43.3,171.8 -43.3,173.8 -43.3,175.8 -43.3,177.8 -43.3,179.8 -43.3,179.8 -45.65,179.8 -48,179.8 -50.35,179.8 -52.7,179.8 -55.05,179.8 -57.4,179.8 -59.75,179.8 -62.1,179.8 -64.45,179.8 -66.8,177.8 -66.8,175.8 -66.8,173.8 -66.8,171.8 -66.8,169.8 -66.8,167.8 -66.8,165.8 -66.8,163.8 -66.8,161.8 -66.8,159.8 -66.8,159.8 -64.45,159.8 -62.1,159.8 -59.75,159.8 -57.4,159.8 -55.05,159.8 -52.7,159.8 -50.35,159.8 -48,159.8 -45.65,159.8 -43.3))", "POLYGON((167 -74.4,168.36 -74.4,169.72 -74.4,171.08 -74.4,172.44 -74.4,173.8 -74.4,175.16 -74.4,176.52 -74.4,177.88 -74.4,179.24 -74.4,180.6 -74.4,180.6 -74.735,180.6 -75.07,180.6 -75.405,180.6 -75.74,180.6 -76.075,180.6 -76.41,180.6 -76.745,180.6 -77.08,180.6 -77.415,180.6 -77.75,179.24 -77.75,177.88 -77.75,176.52 -77.75,175.16 -77.75,173.8 -77.75,172.44 -77.75,171.08 -77.75,169.72 -77.75,168.36 -77.75,167 -77.75,167 -77.415,167 -77.08,167 -76.745,167 -76.41,167 -76.075,167 -75.74,167 -75.405,167 -75.07,167 -74.735,167 -74.4))"]	["POINT(169.8 -55.05)", "POINT(173.8 -76.075)"]	false	false
Comprehensive Biological Study of Vostok Accretion Ice	0536870	2008-01-01	Rogers, Scott O.	Comprehensive Biological Study of Vostok Accretion Ice	The large subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica is unique ecological site with a novel microbial biota. The temperatures, pressures and lack of light all select for organisms that may not exist anywhere else on Earth. The accretion ice (lake water frozen to the bottom of the lower surface of the glacier) has preserved microbial samples from each region of Lake Vostok as the glacier passes over and into the lake. Thus, without contaminating the lake with microorganisms from the surface, microbes originating from the lake can be collected, transported to the laboratory and studied. Two of the deepest ice cores sections in this project are part of the international allocation. The will be shared between four researchers (Sergey Bulat from Russia, Jean-Robert Petit and Daniel Prieur from France, Scott Rogers from USA). The United States team will study, isolate, and characterize bacteria, fungi, and viruses that have been sampled from the lake through the process of ice accretion to the lower surface of 3500+m thick glacier overriding the lake. The project will involve a suite of methods, including molecular, morphological, and cultural. This includes observation and description by fluorescence, light, and electron microscopy, isolation on thirteen separate cultural media, polymerase chain reaction amplification, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. Eleven accretion ice core sections, as well as two glacial ice core sections. As well as two glacial ice core sections will be studied. The accretion ice core sections, as well as two glacial ice core sections will be studied. The accretion ice core sections represent all of the major regions of the lake that have been sampled by the accretion process in the vicinity of the Vostok 5G ice core. The broader impacts of the work relate to the impact the results will have on the filed. These long=isolated lakes, deep below the Antarctic ice sheet may contain novel uniquely adapted organisms. Glacial ice contains an enormous diversity of entrapped microbes, some of which may be metabolically active in the ice. The microbes from Lake Vostok are of special interest, since they are adapted to cold, dark, and high pressure. Thus, their enzyme systems and biochemical pathways may be significantly different from those in the microbes that are the subject of current studies. As such, these organisms may form compounds that may have useful applications. Also, study of the accretion ice, and eventually the water, from Lake Vostok will provide a basis for the study of other subglacial lakes. Additionally, study of the microbes in the accretion ice will be useful to those planning to study analogous systems on ice-covered planets and moons.	["POINT(106.8 -72.4667)"]	["POINT(106.8 -72.4667)"]	false	false
Ablation Rates of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica	0125579	2007-12-01	Cuffey, Kurt M.; Bliss, Andrew; Kavanaugh, Jeffrey	Collaborative Research: Dynamics and Climatic Response of the Taylor Glacier System	This data set provides glacier surface ablation rates for a network of approximately 250 sites on Taylor Glacier, spanning a period from 2003 to 2011. Here sublimation is the dominant ablation mechanism, though a few sites have accumulation. Ablation data are provided in meters water equivalent per year. Data are available via FTP in space-delimited ASCII format.	["POLYGON((160.1 -77.6,160.31 -77.6,160.52 -77.6,160.73 -77.6,160.94 -77.6,161.15 -77.6,161.36 -77.6,161.57 -77.6,161.78 -77.6,161.99 -77.6,162.2 -77.6,162.2 -77.63,162.2 -77.66,162.2 -77.69,162.2 -77.72,162.2 -77.75,162.2 -77.78,162.2 -77.81,162.2 -77.84,162.2 -77.87,162.2 -77.9,161.99 -77.9,161.78 -77.9,161.57 -77.9,161.36 -77.9,161.15 -77.9,160.94 -77.9,160.73 -77.9,160.52 -77.9,160.31 -77.9,160.1 -77.9,160.1 -77.87,160.1 -77.84,160.1 -77.81,160.1 -77.78,160.1 -77.75,160.1 -77.72,160.1 -77.69,160.1 -77.66,160.1 -77.63,160.1 -77.6))"]	["POINT(161.15 -77.75)"]	false	false
Vertical Strain at Siple Dome, Antarctica, 1999-2002	9615502	2007-02-22	Harrison, William; Morack, James; Waddington, Edwin D.; Pettit, Erin; Zumberge, Mark; Elsberg, Daniel	Ice Dynamics, the Flow Law, and Vertical Strain at Siple Dome	At the Siple Dome area of Antarctica, much of the ice flow is vertical, which causes vertical ice deformation. To measure this phenomenon, the investigators used a method known as vertical strain rate. This project was a part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Cores (WAISCORES) project for deep ice coring in West Antarctica. WAISCORES is supported by the Office of Polar Programs (OPP), National Science Foundation (NSF). This data set consists of a table of long-term average strain rates measured between 1999 and 2002 at Siple Dome, Antarctica. The measurements were taken in hot-water boreholes by bridge gauges. Data are available in tab-delimited ASCII text format or PDF via FTP.	["POINT(-148.822 -81.655)", "POINT(-148.693 -81.595)"]	["POINT(-148.822 -81.655)", "POINT(-148.693 -81.595)"]	false	false
Siple Dome Highlights: Stable isotopes	None	2003-08-18	Steig, Eric J.; White, James	No project link provided	This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. This data set provides measurements of stable isotopes of water and deuterium excess for the Siple Dome ice cores. The shallow cores from Siple Dome were analyzed for isotopes with sub-annual temporal detail.	["POINT(-149 -81)"]	["POINT(-149 -81)"]	false	false
Digital Images of Thin Sections from Siple Dome	9615554	2003-05-14	Fitzpatrick, Joan	Digital Imaging for Ice Core Analysis	This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. This data set comprises low-resolution (72 dpi) jpg images of thin sections from the Siple Dome ice core. The images were acquired during the 1997/1998 field season, from both the SDM-A, or main 13.2-cm, core and from the hot water core recovered by Hermann Englehardt. The data set includes both vertical and horizontal thin sections. With one exception, all images were recorded in cross-polarized light. Two examples of archived high-resolution (275 dpi) images are provided for direct comparison of the low- and high-resolution images.	["POINT(-149 -81)"]	["POINT(-149 -81)"]	false	false
Methane and Carbonyl Sulfide Analysis of Siple Dome Ice Core Subsamples	0338359	2002-07-10	Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat	Methyl chloride and methyl bromide in Antarctic ice cores	This data set is part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet cores (WAISCORES) project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. Siple Dome ice cores were analyzed for methanesulfonate (MSA) and carbonyl sulfide (OCS). The methanesulfonate analysis was done on cores A-E and a hot water core, and the carbonyl sulfide analysis was done on 11 C cores. Methanesulfonate data include the sample identification number, depth, and methanesulfonate parts per billion (ppb) of each sample. Carbonyl sulfide data include the depth, OCS parts per trillion (ppt) of each sample, percent error, and gas age (years). Data are available via FTP in tab-delimited ASCII text (.dat, .txt) file format.	["POINT(-149 -81)"]	["POINT(-149 -81)"]	false	false
Micrometeorites from the South Pole Water Well	9316715	2002-01-01	Taylor, Susan	Retrieval and Analysis of Extraterrestrial Particles from the Water Well at the South Pole Station, Antarctica	Micrometeorites dated between 1100 A.D. to 1500 A.D. were collected from the bottom of the South Pole Water Well in December 1995. Element analyses of 181 cosmic glass spherule and micrometeorite samples are in ASCII text and Excel spreadsheet format. Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) images of the spherules and micrometeorites are in TIFF format. Data are available via ftp.	["POINT(0 -90)"]	["POINT(0 -90)"]	false	false

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