[{"awards": "1850988 Teets, Nicholas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.067 -64.766,-64.05669999999999 -64.766,-64.04639999999999 -64.766,-64.03609999999999 -64.766,-64.02579999999999 -64.766,-64.0155 -64.766,-64.0052 -64.766,-63.994899999999994 -64.766,-63.9846 -64.766,-63.9743 -64.766,-63.964 -64.766,-63.964 -64.7688,-63.964 -64.7716,-63.964 -64.7744,-63.964 -64.77720000000001,-63.964 -64.78,-63.964 -64.7828,-63.964 -64.7856,-63.964 -64.7884,-63.964 -64.7912,-63.964 -64.794,-63.9743 -64.794,-63.9846 -64.794,-63.994899999999994 -64.794,-64.0052 -64.794,-64.0155 -64.794,-64.02579999999999 -64.794,-64.03609999999999 -64.794,-64.04639999999999 -64.794,-64.05669999999999 -64.794,-64.067 -64.794,-64.067 -64.7912,-64.067 -64.7884,-64.067 -64.7856,-64.067 -64.7828,-64.067 -64.78,-64.067 -64.77720000000001,-64.067 -64.7744,-64.067 -64.7716,-64.067 -64.7688,-64.067 -64.766))"], "date_created": "Mon, 24 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Environmental conditions are the major drivers of species distribution, and terrestrial Antarctica arguably presents the most dramatic challenges for its inhabitants. Many animals rely on acclimation to enhance their stress tolerance to face unfavorable conditions. Some animals can also rely on their phenotypic plasticity to respond to these unfavorable conditions without the need to slowly experience increasing levels of stress to enhance their stress tolerance (i.e., acclimate). \r\n\u003cbr/\u003eBelgica antarctica can rely on both types of strategies, but since they evolved to live in a habitat with such dramatic environmental changes as Antarctica, they are very sensitive to any type of stress (e.g., a sudden drop in temperature, or a bout of high-speed wind). Studying the extent to which B. antarctica rely on each of these strategies to survive and how environmental variation can shape this species\u2019 biology across distinct populations (i.e., that might experience distinct selective pressures) is important to help us better understand how polyextremophiles adapt and evolve while inhabiting extreme environments. This project focused on studying stress tolerance in B. antarctica populations of three distinct islands, Torgersen, Cormorant, and Outcast. In addition, we investigated how these responses to stress change between early- and late-summer (i.e., between larvae that recently finished overwintering - here referred as summer larvae, and larvae that are preparing to overwinter - here referred as winter larvae).", "east": -63.964, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.0155 -64.78)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Belgica Antarctica; Cryosphere; Population Genetics", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -64.766, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Sousa Lima, Cleverson; Michel, Andrew; Hayward, Scott; Teets, Nicholas", "project_titles": "NSFGEO-NERC: Mechanisms of Adaptation to Terrestrial Antarctica through Comparative Physiology and Genomics of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Insects", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010203", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Mechanisms of Adaptation to Terrestrial Antarctica through Comparative Physiology and Genomics of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Insects"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.794, "title": "Temporal and spatial variation in stress tolerance in Belgica antarctica populations from distinct islands", "uid": "601873", "west": -64.067}, {"awards": "2423761 Blackburn, Terrence; 2042495 Blackburn, Terrence", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -75,-144 -75,-108 -75,-72 -75,-36 -75,0 -75,36 -75,72 -75,108 -75,144 -75,180 -75,180 -76.5,180 -78,180 -79.5,180 -81,180 -82.5,180 -84,180 -85.5,180 -87,180 -88.5,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -88.5,-180 -87,-180 -85.5,-180 -84,-180 -82.5,-180 -81,-180 -79.5,-180 -78,-180 -76.5,-180 -75))"], "date_created": "Mon, 17 Mar 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes geochemical analyses of carbonate nodules collected at Elephant Moraine and the Pensacola Mountains, East Antarctica. Oxygen and uranium-series isotope analyses indicate that these carbonates precipitated from glacial meltwater during deglacial periods in the late Pleistocene. Carbonate \u03b413C values as low as -32.75 \u2030 identify thermogenic methane as a primary carbon source, while clumped isotope measurements indicate formation temperatures of 12 - 20\u02daC, consistent with a geothermal origin. Lipid biomarker analyses further show that organic matter preserved in the nodules is highly thermally matured. These findings indicate that deep-sourced thermogenic methane migrated as hydrocarbon seeps to shallow pore spaces within basal sediments, demonstrating that geothermally active areas can be hotspots for methane accumulation below the Antarctic Ice Sheet. This material is based on services provided by the Polar Rock Repository with support from the National Science Foundation, under Cooperative Agreement OPP-2137467.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon Isotopes; Cryosphere; East Antarctica; Elephant Moraine; Geochronology; Isotope Data; Subglacial", "locations": "Antarctica; Elephant Moraine; East Antarctica", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Piccione, Gavin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing East Antarctica\u2019s Past Response to Climate using Subglacial Precipitates; EAGER: Pedogenic Carbonates Record Insolation Driven Surface Melting in Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010459", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: Pedogenic Carbonates Record Insolation Driven Surface Melting in Antarctica"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010192", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing East Antarctica\u2019s Past Response to Climate using Subglacial Precipitates"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Thermogenic Methane Production in Antarctic Subglacial Hydrocarbon Seeps", "uid": "601918", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1745116 Scambos, Ted", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-73 -70.5,-72.35 -70.5,-71.7 -70.5,-71.05 -70.5,-70.4 -70.5,-69.75 -70.5,-69.1 -70.5,-68.45 -70.5,-67.8 -70.5,-67.15 -70.5,-66.5 -70.5,-66.5 -70.8,-66.5 -71.1,-66.5 -71.4,-66.5 -71.7,-66.5 -72,-66.5 -72.3,-66.5 -72.6,-66.5 -72.9,-66.5 -73.2,-66.5 -73.5,-67.15 -73.5,-67.8 -73.5,-68.45 -73.5,-69.1 -73.5,-69.75 -73.5,-70.4 -73.5,-71.05 -73.5,-71.7 -73.5,-72.35 -73.5,-73 -73.5,-73 -73.2,-73 -72.9,-73 -72.6,-73 -72.3,-73 -72,-73 -71.7,-73 -71.4,-73 -71.1,-73 -70.8,-73 -70.5))"], "date_created": "Mon, 24 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Data were collected from two sites, one on the southern Wilkins and another on the southern George VI ice shelves. Both sites were investigated as potential sites of perennial firn aquifers; in the case of the southern Wilkins, an extensive firn aquifer was found (Montgomery et al., 2020). Data sources come from two early-model AMIGOS stations (Scambos et al., 2013), ice cores that were collected by hot-ring coring (Montgomery et al., 2020), and ground-penetrating radar profiles. Thermistor data from several depths within the firn core boreholes, transmitted by the AMIGOS stations, show the progression of the seasonal variations in firn temperature at the sites. Radar data show the depth of the firn aquifer (or, its absence at George VI site), and some drainage effects at a nearby rift at the Wilkins site.", "east": -66.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-69.75 -72)"], "keywords": "AMIGOS; Antarctica; Cryosphere; George VI Ice Shelf; Glaciology; Ground Penetrating Radar; Ice Core Data; Ice Shelf; Wilkins Ice Shelf", "locations": "Wilkins Ice Shelf; Antarctica", "north": -70.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Scambos, Ted; Miller, Julie; Miege, Clement; Montgomery, Lynn; Wallin, Bruce", "project_titles": "Antarctic Firn Aquifers: Extent, Characteristics, and Comparison with Greenland Occurrences", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010126", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Firn Aquifers: Extent, Characteristics, and Comparison with Greenland Occurrences"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -73.5, "title": "Weather, Firn Core, and Ground-penetrating radar data from southern Wilkins and George VI ice shelves, 2018-2019", "uid": "601905", "west": -73.0}, {"awards": "1853291 Girton, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -58,-68.8 -58,-67.6 -58,-66.4 -58,-65.2 -58,-64 -58,-62.8 -58,-61.6 -58,-60.4 -58,-59.2 -58,-58 -58,-58 -58.8,-58 -59.6,-58 -60.4,-58 -61.2,-58 -62,-58 -62.8,-58 -63.6,-58 -64.4,-58 -65.2,-58 -66,-59.2 -66,-60.4 -66,-61.6 -66,-62.8 -66,-64 -66,-65.2 -66,-66.4 -66,-67.6 -66,-68.8 -66,-70 -66,-70 -65.2,-70 -64.4,-70 -63.6,-70 -62.8,-70 -62,-70 -61.2,-70 -60.4,-70 -59.6,-70 -58.8,-70 -58))"], "date_created": "Mon, 17 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data file collects the initial processed versions of all upper-ocean and lower-atmosphere data streams (along with subsampled satellite and reanalysis products along the survey track) from the 2019/20 deployment of the APL-UW Wave Glider autonomous surface vehicle (SV3-153) in Drake Passage.\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e", "east": -58.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-64 -62)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Drake Passage; LMG1909; LMG2002; R/v Laurence M. Gould; Temperature; Wave Glider; Wind Speed", "locations": "Antarctica; Drake Passage", "north": -58.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Girton, James", "project_titles": "Wave Glider Observations of Surface Fluxes and Mixed-layer Processes in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010493", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Wave Glider Observations of Surface Fluxes and Mixed-layer Processes in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.0, "title": "APL-UW Southern Ocean Wave Glider Data from 2019/20 Mission", "uid": "601902", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1744993 Higgins, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(159.356125 -76.732376)"], "date_created": "Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Between about 2.8-0.9 Ma, Earth\u2019s climate was characterized by 40 kyr cycles, driven or paced by changes in the tilt of Earth\u2019s spin axis. Much is known about the 40k world from studies of deep-sea sediments, but our understanding of climate change during this period and the transition between the 40kyr glacial cycles from 2.8-0.9 Ma and the 100kyr glacial cycles of the last 0.9 Myr is incomplete because we lack records of Antarctic climate and direct records of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. We propose to address these issues by building on our recent studies of \u003e1 Ma ice discovered in shallow ice cores in the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area (BIA), Antarctica. During the 2015-2016 field season we recovered ice from two nearby drill cores that dates to \u003e 2 million years in age using the 40Ar/38Ar ratio of the trapped gases. Our discovery of ice of this antiquity in two cores demonstrates that there is gas-record quality ice from the 40k world in the Allan Hills BIA. To further characterize the composition of Earth\u2019s atmosphere and Antarctic climate during the 40k world we request support for two field seasons to drill new large-volume (4\u201d or 9\u201d diameter) ice cores at sites where we have previously identified \u003e1 Ma ice and nearby sites where ground penetrating radar has identified bedrock features conducive to the preservation of old ice.", "east": 159.356125, "geometry": ["POINT(159.356125 -76.732376)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciology; Ice Core Data; MOT; Ocean Temperature; Paleoclimate; Xe/Kr", "locations": "Allan Hills; Antarctica", "north": -76.732376, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Higgins, John", "project_titles": "Center for Oldest Ice Exploration; Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010253", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area "}, {"proj_uid": "p0010321", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Center for Oldest Ice Exploration"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.732376, "title": "MOT data (Xe/Kr) from Allan Hills ice cores ALHIC1901, 1902, and 1903", "uid": "601897", "west": 159.356125}, {"awards": "2114454 Greenbaum, Jamin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-118.2 -72.2,-116.98 -72.2,-115.76 -72.2,-114.54 -72.2,-113.32000000000001 -72.2,-112.1 -72.2,-110.88 -72.2,-109.66 -72.2,-108.44 -72.2,-107.22 -72.2,-106 -72.2,-106 -72.53,-106 -72.86,-106 -73.19,-106 -73.52,-106 -73.85,-106 -74.18,-106 -74.51,-106 -74.84,-106 -75.17,-106 -75.5,-107.22 -75.5,-108.44 -75.5,-109.66 -75.5,-110.88 -75.5,-112.1 -75.5,-113.32000000000001 -75.5,-114.54 -75.5,-115.76 -75.5,-116.98 -75.5,-118.2 -75.5,-118.2 -75.17,-118.2 -74.84,-118.2 -74.51,-118.2 -74.18,-118.2 -73.85,-118.2 -73.52,-118.2 -73.19,-118.2 -72.86,-118.2 -72.53,-118.2 -72.2))"], "date_created": "Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains ocean profile measurements from Airborne Expendable Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (AXCTD) and Airborne Expendable Bathy-Thermograph (AXBT) sensors deployed by helicopter and from the RV Araon research icebreaker. AXCTDs were deployed around the Thwaites Glacier Tongue while the AXBTs were deployed near the Dotson Ice Shelf and along a northbound transect at the end of the field season. The profiles were acquired in February 2022.", "east": -106.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.1 -73.85)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Araon; AXBT; AXCTD; Cryosphere; CTD; Helicopter; Icebreaker; Oceans; Thwaites Glacier; XBT", "locations": "Antarctica; Amundsen Sea; Thwaites Glacier", "north": -72.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Greenbaum, Jamin; Greenbaum, Jamin Stevens", "project_titles": "RAPID: International Collaborative Airborne Sensor Deployments near Antarctic Ice Shelves", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010497", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RAPID: International Collaborative Airborne Sensor Deployments near Antarctic Ice Shelves"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -75.5, "title": "AXCTD and AXBT Profiles from the Amundsen Sea", "uid": "601894", "west": -118.2}, {"awards": "1745130 Moran, Amy", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 31 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes oxygen consumption rates of larvae of the sea spider Nymphon australe acclimated in the laboratory to two different temperatures, assessed across four different temperatures. The dataset also includes oxygen consumption measured at the same range of temperatures between larvae collected in the field in the late winter (cold) and mid spring (slightly warmer).", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; McMurdo; Temperature", "locations": "McMurdo; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Moran, Amy; Lobert, Graham; Toh, MIng Wei Aaron", "project_titles": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010187", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Temperature acclimation and acclimatization of sea spider larvae", "uid": "601889", "west": null}, {"awards": "1745130 Moran, Amy", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 31 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes cleavage rates of embryos of three species of Antarctic embryos that were reared at a range of temperatures up to the 32-cell stage.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; McMurdo; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; McMurdo", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Moran, Amy; Lobert, Graham; Toh, Ming Wei Aaron", "project_titles": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010187", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Effect of temperature on cleavage rate of Antarctic invertebrates", "uid": "601887", "west": null}, {"awards": "1745130 Moran, Amy", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 31 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains oxygen consumption of larvae of four different species of marine invertebrate, measured at four different temperatures.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; McMurdo; Temperature", "locations": "McMurdo; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Moran, Amy; Lobert, Graham; Toh, MIng Wei Aaron", "project_titles": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010187", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Effect of temperature on oxygen consumption rates of larvae of four Antarctic marine invertebrates", "uid": "601888", "west": null}, {"awards": "1745130 Moran, Amy", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Wed, 29 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains a proximal composition analysis and ash-free dry weight data from embryos and larvae of four different Antarctic marine invertebrates that were raised for two months at four different temperatures. The dataset also contains the length of different developmental stages at different temperatures. Samples were collected and experiments were performed between 2019 and 2022 at McMurdo Station, Antarctica. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; McMurdo; Temperature", "locations": "McMurdo; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Moran, Amy; Toh, Ming Wei Aaron; Lobert, Graham", "project_titles": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010187", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Temperature effects on proximal composition and development rate of embryos and larvae of four Antarctic invertebrates", "uid": "601886", "west": null}, {"awards": "1542778 Alley, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -89,-144 -89,-108 -89,-72 -89,-36 -89,0 -89,36 -89,72 -89,108 -89,144 -89,180 -89,180 -89.1,180 -89.2,180 -89.3,180 -89.4,180 -89.5,180 -89.6,180 -89.7,180 -89.8,180 -89.9,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -89.9,-180 -89.8,-180 -89.7,-180 -89.6,-180 -89.5,-180 -89.4,-180 -89.3,-180 -89.2,-180 -89.1,-180 -89))"], "date_created": "Wed, 15 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes the bubble number-density data measured in the SPC14 South Pole Ice Core from depths of 160 m to 1200 m. Traditional bubble-section data are included measured from 53 samples taken at 20 m intervals (tab 1). Additionally, we include new micro-CT data from 11 new samples taken at 100 m intervals (tab 2). The data set also includes modeled temperature reconstructions based on the model developed by Spencer and others (2006) and Fegyveresi and others (2011). This data set also includes a tab for bubble sizes measured in the traditional bubble-sections.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctic; Antarctica; Bubble Number Density; Cryosphere; Glaciers; Glaciology; Ice; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Records; NSF-ICF Microtome and Photography Stage; Paleoclimate; Physical Properties; Snow; South Pole", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica; Antarctic; South Pole", "north": -89.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Fegyveresi, John", "project_titles": "Climate History and Flow Processes from Physical Analyses of the SPICECORE South Pole Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000141", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Climate History and Flow Processes from Physical Analyses of the SPICECORE South Pole Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "South Pole Ice Core (SPC14) Bubble Number-Density Data", "uid": "601880", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1745130 Moran, Amy", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Sat, 04 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Counts of Odontaster along 50-m transects at the McMurdo Intake Jetty (2019, 2020) and Cinder Cones (2022), including incidence of SSWS and staging of each visibly affected individual starfish.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; McMurdo; McMurdo Sound", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; McMurdo; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Moran, Amy; Thurber, Andrew", "project_titles": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010187", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Survey Metadata. All counts of Odontaster validus from SSWS surveys at the McMurdo Intake Jetty and Cinder Cones", "uid": "601869", "west": null}, {"awards": "1947562 van Gestel, Natasja", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.0898264 -64.7704833,-64.08444765 -64.7704833,-64.07906890000001 -64.7704833,-64.07369015 -64.7704833,-64.0683114 -64.7704833,-64.06293265 -64.7704833,-64.0575539 -64.7704833,-64.05217515 -64.7704833,-64.04679639999999 -64.7704833,-64.04141765 -64.7704833,-64.0360389 -64.7704833,-64.0360389 -64.77082025,-64.0360389 -64.77115719999999,-64.0360389 -64.77149415,-64.0360389 -64.7718311,-64.0360389 -64.77216805,-64.0360389 -64.772505,-64.0360389 -64.77284195,-64.0360389 -64.7731789,-64.0360389 -64.77351585,-64.0360389 -64.7738528,-64.04141765 -64.7738528,-64.04679639999999 -64.7738528,-64.05217515 -64.7738528,-64.0575539 -64.7738528,-64.06293265 -64.7738528,-64.0683114 -64.7738528,-64.07369015 -64.7738528,-64.07906890000001 -64.7738528,-64.08444765 -64.7738528,-64.0898264 -64.7738528,-64.0898264 -64.77351585,-64.0898264 -64.7731789,-64.0898264 -64.77284195,-64.0898264 -64.772505,-64.0898264 -64.77216805,-64.0898264 -64.7718311,-64.0898264 -64.77149415,-64.0898264 -64.77115719999999,-64.0898264 -64.77082025,-64.0898264 -64.7704833))"], "date_created": "Fri, 03 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil conductivity data in the vicinity of Palmer Station. TEROS12 sensors are installed in 40 plots that are distributed along an increasing primary productivity gradient (i.e., with increasing distance from the Marr Ice Piedmont glacier). The sensors are comprised of 5 cm long metal pins that are inserted straight down into the soil and hence, data are collected from the upper 0-5 cm of the soil. There are 4 sites along the gradient (site 1 is closest to the glacier and site 4 is farthest from the glacier), with ten plots at each site. Half of the plots at each site are plots that contain an open-top chamber and the other half of the plots are control (unwarmed) plots. Plot ids will contain \"W\" for warmed plots and \"C\" for control plots. Raw data from the loggers (logged every 20 minutes), as well as an R Markdown file is provided to facilitate reading in and displaying the daily average soil moisture and temperature data at the plot and at the treatment level for each productivity site. Loggers and sensors were installed in December 2022 and were downloaded in November (sites 2-4) and in December (site 1) of 2024. ", "east": -64.0360389, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.06293265 -64.77216805)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Conductivity; Cryosphere; Palmer Station; Soil; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Palmer Station", "north": -64.7704833, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "van Gestel, Natasja", "project_titles": "Antarctica as a Model System for Responses of Terrestrial Carbon Balance to Warming", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010251", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctica as a Model System for Responses of Terrestrial Carbon Balance to Warming"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.7738528, "title": "Soil moisture and soil temperature data (0-5 cm) near Palmer Station, Antarctica", "uid": "601877", "west": -64.0898264}, {"awards": "1850988 Teets, Nicholas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.067 -64.766,-64.05669999999999 -64.766,-64.04639999999999 -64.766,-64.03609999999999 -64.766,-64.02579999999999 -64.766,-64.0155 -64.766,-64.0052 -64.766,-63.994899999999994 -64.766,-63.9846 -64.766,-63.9743 -64.766,-63.964 -64.766,-63.964 -64.7688,-63.964 -64.7716,-63.964 -64.7744,-63.964 -64.77720000000001,-63.964 -64.78,-63.964 -64.7828,-63.964 -64.7856,-63.964 -64.7884,-63.964 -64.7912,-63.964 -64.794,-63.9743 -64.794,-63.9846 -64.794,-63.994899999999994 -64.794,-64.0052 -64.794,-64.0155 -64.794,-64.02579999999999 -64.794,-64.03609999999999 -64.794,-64.04639999999999 -64.794,-64.05669999999999 -64.794,-64.067 -64.794,-64.067 -64.7912,-64.067 -64.7884,-64.067 -64.7856,-64.067 -64.7828,-64.067 -64.78,-64.067 -64.77720000000001,-64.067 -64.7744,-64.067 -64.7716,-64.067 -64.7688,-64.067 -64.766))"], "date_created": "Fri, 03 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Environmental conditions are the major drivers of species distribution, and terrestrial Antarctica arguably presents the most dramatic challenges for its inhabitants. Many animals rely on acclimation to enhance their stress tolerance to face unfavorable conditions. Some animals can also rely on their phenotypic plasticity to respond to these unfavorable conditions without the need to slowly experience increasing levels of stress to enhance their stress tolerance (i.e., acclimate). Belgica antarctica can rely on both types of strategies, but since they evolved to live in a habitat with such dramatic environmental changes as Antarctica, they are very sensitive to any type of stress (e.g., a sudden drop in temperature, or a bout of high-speed wind). Studying the extent to which B. antarctica rely on each of these strategies to survive and how environmental variation can shape this species\u2019 biology across distinct populations (i.e., that might experience distinct selective pressures) is important to help us better understand how polyextremophiles adapt and evolve while inhabiting extreme environments. This project focused on studying freeze tolerance in B. antarctica populations populations within Cormorant Island that inhabited three distinct microhabitats over the course of the summer season (January-March).", "east": -63.964, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.0155 -64.78)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Belgica Antarctica; Cryosphere; Soil Temperature; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -64.766, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Sousa Lima, Cleverson; Michel, Andrew; Hayward, Scott; Teets, Nicholas; Lima, Cleverson de Sousa", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -64.794, "title": "The effects of microhabitat temperature in phenotypic variation across B. antarctica populations", "uid": "601874", "west": -64.067}, {"awards": "1745130 Moran, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166 -77,166.08 -77,166.16 -77,166.24 -77,166.32 -77,166.4 -77,166.48000000000002 -77,166.56 -77,166.64000000000001 -77,166.72 -77,166.8 -77,166.8 -77.09,166.8 -77.18,166.8 -77.27,166.8 -77.36,166.8 -77.45,166.8 -77.54,166.8 -77.63000000000001,166.8 -77.72,166.8 -77.81,166.8 -77.9,166.72 -77.9,166.64000000000001 -77.9,166.56 -77.9,166.48000000000002 -77.9,166.4 -77.9,166.32 -77.9,166.24 -77.9,166.16 -77.9,166.08 -77.9,166 -77.9,166 -77.81,166 -77.72,166 -77.63000000000001,166 -77.54,166 -77.45,166 -77.36,166 -77.27,166 -77.18,166 -77.09,166 -77))"], "date_created": "Thu, 02 Jan 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Temperature and conductivity measurements collected from Hobo loggers deployed ~3cm from the benthos at six sites around McMurdo Sound in 2021-2022 at depths of 20-30 m. ", "east": 166.8, "geometry": ["POINT(166.4 -77.45)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; McMurdo Sound; Salinity; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; McMurdo Sound", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Moran, Amy", "project_titles": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010187", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.9, "title": "Benthic seawater temperature and conductivity measurements at six sites in McMurdo Sound", "uid": "601870", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "1841228 Lyons, W. Berry", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(163.4863 -77.5607)"], "date_created": "Tue, 15 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Detailed water chemistry data from a collection of water samples at the delta of Commonwealth stream in Taylor Valley, Antarctica at even intervals across the day in 2020. The samples have been analyzed using a handheld meter for pH and temperature, ion chromatography for major ions, ICP-MS for iron concentrations", "east": 163.4863, "geometry": ["POINT(163.4863 -77.5607)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Commonwealth Stream; Cryosphere; Diel; Inlandwaters; McMurdo Dry Valleys; Stream Chemistry; Water Chemisty", "locations": "Commonwealth Stream; McMurdo Dry Valleys; Antarctica", "north": -77.5607, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Gardner, Christopher B.", "project_titles": "Fe Behavior and Bioavailability in Sub-aerial Runoff into the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010483", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Fe Behavior and Bioavailability in Sub-aerial Runoff into the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.5607, "title": "Commonwealth Stream Diel Water Chemistry", "uid": "601844", "west": 163.4863}, {"awards": "2136938 Tedesco, Marco", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-40 67.55,-39.611 67.55,-39.222 67.55,-38.833 67.55,-38.444 67.55,-38.055 67.55,-37.666 67.55,-37.277 67.55,-36.888 67.55,-36.499 67.55,-36.11 67.55,-36.11 67.28999999999999,-36.11 67.03,-36.11 66.77,-36.11 66.51,-36.11 66.25,-36.11 65.99,-36.11 65.73,-36.11 65.47,-36.11 65.21000000000001,-36.11 64.95,-36.499 64.95,-36.888 64.95,-37.277 64.95,-37.666 64.95,-38.055 64.95,-38.444 64.95,-38.833 64.95,-39.222 64.95,-39.611 64.95,-40 64.95,-40 65.21000000000001,-40 65.47,-40 65.73,-40 65.99,-40 66.25,-40 66.51,-40 66.77,-40 67.03,-40 67.28999999999999,-40 67.55))"], "date_created": "Mon, 07 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains high-resolution satellite-derived snow/ice surface melt-related data on a common 100 m equal area grid (Albers equal area projection; EPSG 9822) over Helheim Glacier and surrounding areas in Greenland. The data is used as part of a machine learning framework that aims to fill data gaps in computed meltwater fraction on the 100 m grid using a range of methods, results of which will be published separately.\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe data include fraction of a grid cell covered by meltwater derived from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter, satellite-derived passive microwave (PMW) brightness temperatures, snowpack liquid water content within the first meter of snow and atmospheric and radiative variables from the Mod\u00e9le Atmosph\u00e9rique R\u00e8gional (MAR) regional climate model, spectral reflectance in four wavelength bands from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), a static digital elevation model (DEM), and an ice sheet mask. \r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eA similar dataset has also been produced for Larsen C ice shelf and is also available through the US Antarctic Program Data Center. \r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e", "east": -36.11, "geometry": ["POINT(-38.055 66.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Climate Modeling; Cryosphere; Downscaling; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Greenland; Ice Sheet; Machine Learning; MAR; Remote Sensing; Sea Level Rise; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Surface Melt", "locations": "Greenland; Antarctica; Greenland", "north": 67.55, "nsf_funding_programs": "Polar Cyberinfrastructure", "persons": "Alexander, Patrick; Antwerpen, Raphael; Cervone, Guido; Fettweis, Xavier; L\u00fctjens, Bj\u00f6rn; Tedesco, Marco", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: EAGER: Generation of high resolution surface melting maps over Antarctica using regional climate models, remote sensing and machine learning", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010277", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: EAGER: Generation of high resolution surface melting maps over Antarctica using regional climate models, remote sensing and machine learning"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": 64.95, "title": "Surface melt-related multi-source remote-sensing and climate model data over Helheim Glacier, Greenland for segmentation and machine learning applications", "uid": "601841", "west": -40.0}, {"awards": "2136938 Tedesco, Marco", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-68.5 -65.25,-67.35 -65.25,-66.2 -65.25,-65.05 -65.25,-63.9 -65.25,-62.75 -65.25,-61.6 -65.25,-60.45 -65.25,-59.3 -65.25,-58.15 -65.25,-57 -65.25,-57 -65.652,-57 -66.054,-57 -66.456,-57 -66.858,-57 -67.25999999999999,-57 -67.66199999999999,-57 -68.064,-57 -68.466,-57 -68.868,-57 -69.27,-58.15 -69.27,-59.3 -69.27,-60.45 -69.27,-61.6 -69.27,-62.75 -69.27,-63.9 -69.27,-65.05 -69.27,-66.2 -69.27,-67.35 -69.27,-68.5 -69.27,-68.5 -68.868,-68.5 -68.466,-68.5 -68.064,-68.5 -67.66199999999999,-68.5 -67.25999999999999,-68.5 -66.858,-68.5 -66.456,-68.5 -66.054,-68.5 -65.652,-68.5 -65.25))"], "date_created": "Mon, 07 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains high-resolution satellite-derived snow/ice surface melt-related data on a common 100 m equal area grid (Lambert azimuthal equal area projection; EPSG 9820) over Larsen C Ice Shelf and surrounding areas in Antarctica. The data is prepared to be used as part of a machine learning framework that aims to fill data gaps in computed meltwater fraction on the 100 m grid using a range of methods, results of which will be published separately.\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe data include fraction of a grid cell covered by meltwater derived from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter, satellite-derived passive microwave (PMW) brightness temperatures, snowpack liquid water content within the first meter of snow and atmospheric and radiative variables from the Mod\u00e9le Atmosph\u00e9rique R\u00e8gional (MAR) regional climate model, a static digital elevation model (DEM), and an ice sheet mask. \r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eA similar dataset has been produced for Helheim Glacier, Greenland and is also available through the US Antarctic Program Data Center.", "east": -57.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.75 -67.25999999999999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Climate Modeling; Cryosphere; Downscaling; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Shelf; Larsen C Ice Shelf; Machine Learning; MAR; Remote Sensing; Sea Level Rise; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Surface Melt", "locations": "Antarctica; Larsen C Ice Shelf", "north": -65.25, "nsf_funding_programs": "Polar Cyberinfrastructure", "persons": "Alexander, Patrick; Antwerpen, Raphael; Cervone, Guido; Fettweis, Xavier; L\u00fctjens, Bj\u00f6rn; Tedesco, Marco", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: EAGER: Generation of high resolution surface melting maps over Antarctica using regional climate models, remote sensing and machine learning", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010277", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: EAGER: Generation of high resolution surface melting maps over Antarctica using regional climate models, remote sensing and machine learning"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.27, "title": "Surface melt-related multi-source remote-sensing and climate model data over Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica for segmentation and machine learning applications", "uid": "601842", "west": -68.5}, {"awards": "1643120 Iverson, Neal", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Mon, 16 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Accurately modeling the deformation of temperate glacier ice, which is at its pressure-melting temperature and contains liquid water at grain boundaries, is essential for predicting ice sheet discharge to the ocean and associated sea-level rise. Central to such modeling is Glen\u2019s flow law, in which strain rate depends on stress raised to a power of n=3-4. In sharp contrast to this nonlinearity, we find by conducting large-scale, shear-deformation experiments to tertiary creep that temperate ice is linear-viscous (n\u22481.0) over common ranges of liquid water content and stress expected near glacier beds and in ice stream margins. This linearity is likely caused by diffusive pressure-melting and refreezing at grain boundaries and could help stabilize modeled responses of ice sheets to shrinkage-induced stress increases.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Iverson, Neal", "project_titles": "NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Two-Phase Dynamics of Temperate Ice", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010197", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Two-Phase Dynamics of Temperate Ice"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Tertiary creep rates of temperate ice containing greater than 0.7% liquid water", "uid": "601833", "west": null}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Thu, 05 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The effects of soluble impurities on the flow of glaciers and ice sheets as well as the effects of ice flow on impurities migration are not well understood. This study investigates the effects of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentrations ranging from 10 to 25 ppm on the flow and fabric of polycrystalline ice under compression at temperatures of -3\u00b0C and -12\u00b0C. The results show that H2SO4-doped polycrystalline ice deforms significantly faster than high-purity polycrystalline ice, with the deformation rate being 1.5 to 3 times higher. At -12\u00b0C, the presence of H2SO4 within the grains induces the most ice softening, whereas at -3\u00b0C, H2SO4\u0027s softening effects are observed both within the grains and at grain boundaries. The migration of H2SO4 to grain boundaries during deformation leads to the formation of a liquid-like layer, with increased solubility at higher temperatures potentially homogenizing the impurities within the ice matrix. This homogenization at -3\u00b0C suggests that post-depositional processes near the bed of ice sheets could significantly alter sulfate records. At -12\u00b0C, where homogenization is absent, impurity-induced dislocation processes may heavily influence deformation and impurity migration. Additionally, the comparison of natural ice with lab-grown samples indicates that fabric development significantly impacts compressive strength and creep rates, with implications for the understanding of impurity-induced deformation processes in polar ice.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Ogunmolasuyi, Ayobami", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "The Impacts of the Microstructural Location of H2SO4 on the Flow of Polycrystalline Ice", "uid": "601831", "west": null}, {"awards": "0440775 Jacobs, Stanley; 0632282 Jacobs, Stanley", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-116.9985 -67.6776,-112.63225 -67.6776,-108.266 -67.6776,-103.89975000000001 -67.6776,-99.5335 -67.6776,-95.16725 -67.6776,-90.801 -67.6776,-86.43475000000001 -67.6776,-82.0685 -67.6776,-77.70224999999999 -67.6776,-73.336 -67.6776,-73.336 -68.37069,-73.336 -69.06378,-73.336 -69.75687,-73.336 -70.44996,-73.336 -71.14305,-73.336 -71.83614,-73.336 -72.52923,-73.336 -73.22232000000001,-73.336 -73.91541000000001,-73.336 -74.6085,-77.70224999999999 -74.6085,-82.0685 -74.6085,-86.43475000000001 -74.6085,-90.801 -74.6085,-95.16725 -74.6085,-99.5335 -74.6085,-103.89975000000001 -74.6085,-108.266 -74.6085,-112.63225 -74.6085,-116.9985 -74.6085,-116.9985 -73.91541000000001,-116.9985 -73.22232000000001,-116.9985 -72.52923,-116.9985 -71.83614,-116.9985 -71.14305,-116.9985 -70.44996,-116.9985 -69.75687,-116.9985 -69.06378,-116.9985 -68.37069,-116.9985 -67.6776))"], "date_created": "Mon, 22 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ocean currents, temperature, salinity and pressure time series from five oceanographic moorings deployed in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas, Antarctica. The moorings were deployed during the 2006 expedition ANT-XXIII/4 aboard the R/V Polarstern and retrieved during the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP0702 in 2007. The deployments were part of a multidisciplinary effort to study the upwelling of relatively warm deep water onto the Amundsen Sea continental shelf and how it relates to atmospheric forcing and bottom bathymetry and how the warm waters interact with both glacial and sea ice. This study constitutes a contribution of a coordinated research effort in the region known as the Amundsen Sea Embayment Project or ASEP.", "east": -73.336, "geometry": ["POINT(-95.16725 -71.14305)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Mooring; Ocean Currents; Pressure; Salinity; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; Amundsen Sea", "north": -67.6776, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Jacobs, Stanley; Giulivi, Claudia F.", "project_titles": "Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise - IPY/ASEP; The Amundsen Continental Shelf and the Antarctic Ice Sheet", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000836", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The Amundsen Continental Shelf and the Antarctic Ice Sheet"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000332", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise - IPY/ASEP"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -74.6085, "title": "Amundsen Sea Continental Shelf Mooring Data (2006-2007)", "uid": "601809", "west": -116.9985}, {"awards": "1939139 Scherer, Reed", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains physical measurements of specimens of the Southern Ocean diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis. We used the image segmentation software SHERPA (Kloster et al., 2017) to make physical measurements of each valve including \"rectangularity\". F. kerguelensis rectangularity has been posited to change in response to Sea Surface Temperature, a relationship that we explore in this study by calculating SSTs using established and new valve rectangularity/SST calibrations. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Oceanography; Sabrina Coast; Sea Surface Temperature; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Sabrina Coast; Amundsen Sea; Sabrina Coast; Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Amundsen Sea; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Ruggiero, Joseph", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Testing the Linchpin of WAIS Collapse with Diatoms and IRD in Pleistocene and Late Pliocene Strata of the Resolution Drift, Amundsen Sea, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010451", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Testing the Linchpin of WAIS Collapse with Diatoms and IRD in Pleistocene and Late Pliocene Strata of the Resolution Drift, Amundsen Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Population morphometrics of the Southern Ocean diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis related to Sea Surface Temperature", "uid": "601804", "west": null}, {"awards": "1941327 Stammerjohn, Sharon", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-120 -71,-118 -71,-116 -71,-114 -71,-112 -71,-110 -71,-108 -71,-106 -71,-104 -71,-102 -71,-100 -71,-100 -71.4,-100 -71.8,-100 -72.2,-100 -72.6,-100 -73,-100 -73.4,-100 -73.8,-100 -74.2,-100 -74.6,-100 -75,-102 -75,-104 -75,-106 -75,-108 -75,-110 -75,-112 -75,-114 -75,-116 -75,-118 -75,-120 -75,-120 -74.6,-120 -74.2,-120 -73.8,-120 -73.4,-120 -73,-120 -72.6,-120 -72.2,-120 -71.8,-120 -71.4,-120 -71))"], "date_created": "Tue, 14 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes 297 CTD vertical profiles acquired during NBP2202 in the Amundsen Sea (12 Jan to 25 Feb, 2022) using both the ship\u0027s CTD and a Trace Metal Clean (TMC) CTD package. There is an ascii file for each downcast (N=297), upcast (N=297), and bottle cast (N=192, i.e., not all casts tripped bottles), along with a README file that gives details on the instrument package, sensors, post-cruise sensor calibrations/corrections, file structure, and acknowledgements.", "east": -100.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-110 -73)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Cryosphere; CTD; NBP2202; Oceanography; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica", "north": -71.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Stammerjohn, Sharon", "project_titles": "NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Accelerating Thwaites Ecosystem Impacts for the Southern Ocean (ARTEMIS)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010249", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Accelerating Thwaites Ecosystem Impacts for the Southern Ocean (ARTEMIS)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -75.0, "title": "Vertical ocean profiles collected by a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) package in the Amundsen Sea", "uid": "601785", "west": -120.0}, {"awards": "2019719 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((50 -84,55 -84,60 -84,65 -84,70 -84,75 -84,80 -84,85 -84,90 -84,95 -84,100 -84,100 -84.6,100 -85.2,100 -85.8,100 -86.4,100 -87,100 -87.6,100 -88.2,100 -88.8,100 -89.4,100 -90,95 -90,90 -90,85 -90,80 -90,75 -90,70 -90,65 -90,60 -90,55 -90,50 -90,50 -89.4,50 -88.8,50 -88.2,50 -87.6,50 -87,50 -86.4,50 -85.8,50 -85.2,50 -84.6,50 -84))"], "date_created": "Mon, 19 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset constitutes the as-recorded echo data from the MARFA radar system. The data was recorded by a National Instruments acquisition system, simultaneously with GPS, magnetics, laser range data, outside air temperature and IMU data. The data was acquired using the Environment for Linked Serial Acquisition (ELSA).\r\n\r\nThe data is provided in two forms: \r\n\u2022 Flight based and as recorded on the aircraft in raw packets\r\n\u2022 Transect based, reorganized into transects corresponding to the survey design, and demultiplexed into text tables and flat binary files.\r\n", "east": 100.0, "geometry": ["POINT(75 -87)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Coldex; East Antarctic Plateau; Glaciology; Radar Echo Sounder", "locations": "Antarctica; East Antarctic Plateau", "north": -84.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Young, Duncan A.; Blankenship, Donald D.; Greenbaum, Jamin; Kerr, Megan; Buhl, Dillon; Ng, Gregory; Kempf, Scott D.; Chan, Kristian", "project_titles": "Center for Oldest Ice Exploration", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010321", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Center for Oldest Ice Exploration"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "COLDEX", "south": -90.0, "title": "NSF COLDEX Raw MARFA Ice Penetrating Radar data", "uid": "601768", "west": 50.0}, {"awards": "1744999 Todgham, Anne", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 06 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset records temperature preference of two species of Antarctic nototheniod fishes, as described in the draft manuscript \u2018Naslund et al. (Forthcoming 2024) Differential temperature preferences exhibited in the juvenile Antarctic notothenioids Trematomus bernacchii and Trematomus pennellii.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; McMurdo Sound; Ross Sea", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Antarctica; Ross Sea", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Todgham, Anne; Naslund, Andrew; Zillig, Ken; Mandic, Milica; Frazier, Amanda", "project_titles": "Interacting Stressors: Metabolic Capacity to Acclimate under Ocean Warming and CO2- Acidification in Early Developmental Stages of Antarctic Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010241", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Interacting Stressors: Metabolic Capacity to Acclimate under Ocean Warming and CO2- Acidification in Early Developmental Stages of Antarctic Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Differential temperature preferences exhibited in the juvenile Antarctic notothenioids Trematomus bernacchii and Trematomus pennellii", "uid": "601765", "west": null}, {"awards": "1851022 Fudge, Tyler", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(123.33 -75.09)"], "date_created": "Fri, 22 Dec 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Volcanic deposition of sulfuric acid in ice cores is important both for understanding past volcanic activity and for synchronizing ice core timescales. Sulfuric acid has a low eutectic point, so it can potentially exist in liquid at grain boundaries and veins, accelerating chemical diffusion. A high effective diffusivity would allow post-depositional diffusion to obscure the climate history and the peak matching among older portions of ice cores. Here, we use records of sulfate from the EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core to estimate the effective diffusivity of sulfuric acid in ice. We focus on EDC because multiple glacial-interglacial cycles are preserved, allowing analysis for long timescales and deposition in similar climates. We calculate the mean concentration gradient and the width of prominent volcanic events, and analyze the evolution of each with depth/age. We find the effective diffusivities for interglacials and glacial maximums to be 5 \u00b1 3 \u00d7 10-9 m2 a-1, an order of magnitude lower than a previous estimate derived from the Holocene portion of EDC (Barnes et al., 2003). The effective diffusivity may be even smaller if the bias from artificial smoothing from the sampling is accounted for. Effective diffusivity is not obviously affected by the ice temperature until about -10\u00b0C, 3000m depth, which is also where anomalous sulfate peaks begin to be observed (Traversi et al., 2009). Low effective diffusivity suggests that sulfuric acid is not readily diffusing in liquid-like veins in the upper portions of the Antarctic ice sheet and that records may be preserved in deep, old ice if the ice temperature remains well below the pressure melting point.", "east": 123.33, "geometry": ["POINT(123.33 -75.09)"], "keywords": "Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -75.09, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Fudge, T. J.; Severi, Mirko", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Impact of Impurities and Stress State on Polycrystalline Ice Deformation", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010211", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Impact of Impurities and Stress State on Polycrystalline Ice Deformation"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "COLDEX", "south": -75.09, "title": "EPICA Dome C Sulfate Data 7-3190m", "uid": "601759", "west": 123.33}, {"awards": "0538657 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"], "date_created": "Fri, 20 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Major gas components of air data set, containing d15N, d18O of O2, dO2/N2, and dAr/N2 from the WAIS Divide ice core at high resolution. These data are used to constrain surface temperature, biosphere oxygen cycling, and firn thickness through the past \u003e60 kyr.", "east": -112.05, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Delta 15N; Delta 18O; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Gas Records; Ice Core Records; Isotope; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes; Oxygen; Oxygen Isotope; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; WAIS; WAIS Divide", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica; WAIS", "north": -79.28, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "project_titles": "Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000036", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.28, "title": "d15N and d18O of air in the WAIS Divide ice core", "uid": "601747", "west": -112.05}, {"awards": "1745130 Moran, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.66 -77.84,166.661 -77.84,166.662 -77.84,166.66299999999998 -77.84,166.664 -77.84,166.665 -77.84,166.666 -77.84,166.667 -77.84,166.66799999999998 -77.84,166.66899999999998 -77.84,166.67 -77.84,166.67 -77.84100000000001,166.67 -77.842,166.67 -77.843,166.67 -77.844,166.67 -77.845,166.67 -77.846,166.67 -77.847,166.67 -77.848,166.67 -77.84899999999999,166.67 -77.85,166.66899999999998 -77.85,166.66799999999998 -77.85,166.667 -77.85,166.666 -77.85,166.665 -77.85,166.664 -77.85,166.66299999999998 -77.85,166.662 -77.85,166.661 -77.85,166.66 -77.85,166.66 -77.84899999999999,166.66 -77.848,166.66 -77.847,166.66 -77.846,166.66 -77.845,166.66 -77.844,166.66 -77.843,166.66 -77.842,166.66 -77.84100000000001,166.66 -77.84))"], "date_created": "Mon, 24 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This video shows the behavior of an adult of Colossendeis megalonyx around a recently-deposited egg mass from a mating group of the same species. The egg mass is indicated by a white circle and label that appears close to the beginning of the video. The adult can be seen manipulating the egg mass with its ovigerous legs (long, with scoop at the end) and palps (shorter). Next to the adult and egg mass are two other Colossendeis in mating posture. The video was taken by Graham Lobert on November 1, 2021 on a GoPro Hero Black at a timelapse rate of one frame per second, played back at 30 fps. The egg mass is approximately three cm across the short diameter.", "east": 166.67, "geometry": ["POINT(166.665 -77.845)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; McMurdo; Pycnogonida; Sea Spider", "locations": "Antarctica; McMurdo", "north": -77.84, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Moran, Amy; Lobert, Graham", "project_titles": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010187", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.85, "title": "Video of Colossendeis megalonyx behavior around egg mass", "uid": "601716", "west": 166.66}, {"awards": "1745130 Moran, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -76,163.3 -76,163.6 -76,163.9 -76,164.2 -76,164.5 -76,164.8 -76,165.1 -76,165.4 -76,165.7 -76,166 -76,166 -76.2,166 -76.4,166 -76.6,166 -76.8,166 -77,166 -77.2,166 -77.4,166 -77.6,166 -77.8,166 -78,165.7 -78,165.4 -78,165.1 -78,164.8 -78,164.5 -78,164.2 -78,163.9 -78,163.6 -78,163.3 -78,163 -78,163 -77.8,163 -77.6,163 -77.4,163 -77.2,163 -77,163 -76.8,163 -76.6,163 -76.4,163 -76.2,163 -76))"], "date_created": "Mon, 24 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Measurements of the longest diameters of 17 eggs of Colossendeis megalonyx, laid on October 25 2021 and photographed on October 27 2021.", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(164.5 -77)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; McMurdo", "locations": "McMurdo; Antarctica", "north": -76.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Moran, Amy", "project_titles": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010187", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Egg diameters of Colossendeis megalonyx", "uid": "601717", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "2019719 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((159.17 -76.67,159.195 -76.67,159.22 -76.67,159.24499999999998 -76.67,159.26999999999998 -76.67,159.295 -76.67,159.32 -76.67,159.345 -76.67,159.36999999999998 -76.67,159.39499999999998 -76.67,159.42 -76.67,159.42 -76.676,159.42 -76.682,159.42 -76.688,159.42 -76.694,159.42 -76.7,159.42 -76.706,159.42 -76.712,159.42 -76.718,159.42 -76.724,159.42 -76.73,159.39499999999998 -76.73,159.36999999999998 -76.73,159.345 -76.73,159.32 -76.73,159.295 -76.73,159.26999999999998 -76.73,159.24499999999998 -76.73,159.22 -76.73,159.195 -76.73,159.17 -76.73,159.17 -76.724,159.17 -76.718,159.17 -76.712,159.17 -76.706,159.17 -76.7,159.17 -76.694,159.17 -76.688,159.17 -76.682,159.17 -76.676,159.17 -76.67))"], "date_created": "Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This unpublished report describes field activities in the 2022-23 Antarctic field season by the I-188 group within COLDEX. The main purpose of this work was to identify the final coring site for a proposed 1250 m ice core. ", "east": 159.42, "geometry": ["POINT(159.295 -76.7)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Apres; Ice Core; Ice Penetrating Radar; Temperature Profiles", "locations": "Allan Hills; Antarctica", "north": -76.67, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Conway, Howard; Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "Center for Oldest Ice Exploration", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010321", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Center for Oldest Ice Exploration"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "COLDEX", "south": -76.73, "title": "2022-23 Allan Hills Intermediate Ice Core Site Selection Field Report", "uid": "601697", "west": 159.17}, {"awards": "1744993 Higgins, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((159.17 -76.67,159.195 -76.67,159.22 -76.67,159.24499999999998 -76.67,159.26999999999998 -76.67,159.295 -76.67,159.32 -76.67,159.345 -76.67,159.36999999999998 -76.67,159.39499999999998 -76.67,159.42 -76.67,159.42 -76.676,159.42 -76.682,159.42 -76.688,159.42 -76.694,159.42 -76.7,159.42 -76.706,159.42 -76.712,159.42 -76.718,159.42 -76.724,159.42 -76.73,159.39499999999998 -76.73,159.36999999999998 -76.73,159.345 -76.73,159.32 -76.73,159.295 -76.73,159.26999999999998 -76.73,159.24499999999998 -76.73,159.22 -76.73,159.195 -76.73,159.17 -76.73,159.17 -76.724,159.17 -76.718,159.17 -76.712,159.17 -76.706,159.17 -76.7,159.17 -76.694,159.17 -76.688,159.17 -76.682,159.17 -76.676,159.17 -76.67))"], "date_created": "Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Unpublished field report describing drilling, sampling, and temperature profiles for shallow ice cores and boreholes at Allan Hills in 2022-2023 field season", "east": 159.42, "geometry": ["POINT(159.295 -76.7)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Ice Core", "locations": "Allan Hills; Antarctica", "north": -76.67, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Shackleton, Sarah; Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "Center for Oldest Ice Exploration; Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010253", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area "}, {"proj_uid": "p0010321", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Center for Oldest Ice Exploration"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.73, "title": "Allan Hills 2022-23 Shallow Ice Core Field Report", "uid": "601696", "west": 159.17}, {"awards": "1245752 Karentz, Deneb; 1443637 Zakon, Harold", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset is recordings of current, temperature, and voltage for TRPA1b and TRPV1a from Antarctic notothenioids fishes, plus metadata. TRPA1b and TRPV1a were found to be heat activated and multiple modulators of activity were tested. Paper can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.20230215. Supplementary material can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6858595.v2.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Notothenioid; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "York, Julia", "project_titles": "Analysis of Voltage-gated Ion Channels in Antarctic Fish", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010331", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Analysis of Voltage-gated Ion Channels in Antarctic Fish"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Temperature activated transient receptor potential ion channels from Antarctic fishes", "uid": "601695", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1850988 Teets, Nicholas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.366767 -62.681,-63.991703599999994 -62.681,-63.6166402 -62.681,-63.2415768 -62.681,-62.866513399999995 -62.681,-62.49145 -62.681,-62.1163866 -62.681,-61.7413232 -62.681,-61.366259799999995 -62.681,-60.9911964 -62.681,-60.616133 -62.681,-60.616133 -62.9536677,-60.616133 -63.226335399999996,-60.616133 -63.4990031,-60.616133 -63.7716708,-60.616133 -64.04433850000001,-60.616133 -64.31700620000001,-60.616133 -64.58967390000001,-60.616133 -64.86234160000001,-60.616133 -65.13500930000001,-60.616133 -65.407677,-60.9911964 -65.407677,-61.366259799999995 -65.407677,-61.7413232 -65.407677,-62.1163866 -65.407677,-62.49145 -65.407677,-62.866513399999995 -65.407677,-63.2415768 -65.407677,-63.6166402 -65.407677,-63.991703599999994 -65.407677,-64.366767 -65.407677,-64.366767 -65.13500930000001,-64.366767 -64.86234160000001,-64.366767 -64.58967390000001,-64.366767 -64.31700620000001,-64.366767 -64.04433850000001,-64.366767 -63.7716708,-64.366767 -63.4990031,-64.366767 -63.226335399999996,-64.366767 -62.9536677,-64.366767 -62.681))"], "date_created": "Sun, 11 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic winters are challenging for terrestrial invertebrates, and species that\r\nlive there have specialised adaptations to conserve energy and protect against\r\ncold injury in the winter. However, rapidly occurring climate change in these\r\nregions will increase the unpredictability of winter conditions, and there is\r\ncurrently a dearth of knowledge on how the highly adapted invertebrates of\r\nAntarctica will respond to changes in winter temperatures.\r\n2. We evaluated the response of larvae of the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica,\r\nto simulated winters at three ecologically relevant mean temperature scenarios:\r\nwarm (\u22121\u00b0C), normal (\u22123\u00b0C) and cold (\u22125\u00b0C). Within each scenario, larvae were\r\nplaced into three distinct habitat types in which they are commonly observed\r\n(decaying organic matter, living moss, and Prasiola crispa algae). Following the\r\nsimulated overwintering period, a range of physiological outcomes were measured,\r\nnamely survival, locomotor activity, tissue damage, energy store levels and\r\nmolecular stress responses.\r\n3. Survival, energy stores and locomotor activity were significantly lower following\r\nthe Warm overwintering environment than at lower temperatures, but tissue\r\ndamage and heat shock protein expression (a proxy for protein damage) did not\r\nsignificantly differ between the three temperatures. Survival was also significantly\r\nlower in larvae overwintered in Prasiola crispa algae, although the underlying\r\nmechanism is unclear. Heat shock proteins were expressed least in larvae\r\noverwintering in living moss, suggesting it is less stressful to overwinter in this\r\nsubstrate, perhaps due to a more defined structure affording less direct contact\r\nwith ice.\r\n4. Our results demonstrate that a realistic 2\u00b0C increase in winter microhabitat temperature\r\nreduces survival and causes energy deficits that have implications for subsequent\r\ndevelopment and reproduction. While our Warm winter scenario was close tothe range of observed overwintering temperatures for this species, warmer winters\r\nare expected to become more common in response to climate change. Conversely,\r\nif climate change reduces the length of winter, some of the negative consequences\r\nof winter warming may be attenuated, so it will be important to consider this factor\r\nin future studies. Nonetheless, our results indicate that winter warming could\r\nnegatively impact cold-adapted insects such as the Antarctic midge.", "east": -60.616133, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.49145 -64.04433850000001)"], "keywords": "Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -62.681, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Devlin, Jack; Unfried, Laura; McCabe, Eleanor; Gantz, Josiah D.; Kawarasaki, Yuta; Elnitsky, Michael; Hotaling, Scott; Michel, Andrew; Convey, Peter; Hayward, Scott; Teets, Nicholas", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -65.407677, "title": "Simulated winter warming negatively impacts survival of Antarctica\u0027s only endemic insect", "uid": "601694", "west": -64.366767}, {"awards": "1443471 Koutnik, Michelle", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(137.04 -89.54)"], "date_created": "Tue, 18 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset comprises firn density and compaction rate measurements from USP50, a site 50km upstream of South Pole. (89.54 S, 137.04 E). Firn compaction rates were measured for two years (from January 2017 to December 2018) using string potentiometers to measure borehole shortening. Density measurements include field measurements from December 2016 and January 2017 as well as measurements made at the National Science Foundation Ice Core Facility (NSF-ICF) on a core that was returned to the U.S. for analysis. The dataset also includes measurements of (near-surface) temperature inside the boxes that housed the potentiometers. The raw data are voltage measurements from a datalogger. The dataset includes these raw data as well as processed data. It also includes the python script used to process the data and relevant files containing site and instrument specifications needed to process the data.", "east": 137.04, "geometry": ["POINT(137.04 -89.54)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Firn; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; South Pole; Temperature", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica; South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -89.54, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Stevens, Christopher Max; Lilien, David; Conway, Howard; Waddington, Edwin D.; Koutnik, Michelle; Fudge, T. J.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000200", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -89.54, "title": "Firn density and compaction rates 50km upstream of South Pole", "uid": "601680", "west": 137.04}, {"awards": "1543537 Priscu, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"], "date_created": "Tue, 17 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes binned conductivity, temperature and pressure measurements from Mercer Subglacial Lake and the borehole drilled to access the lake by the SALSA project, as well as additional physical parameters derived from these measurements using the TEOS-10 equation of state.", "east": -149.50134, "geometry": ["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Conductivity; CTD; Depth; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Hot Water Drill; Mercer Subglacial Lake; Physical Properties; SALSA; Subglacial Lake; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; Mercer Subglacial Lake", "north": -84.640287, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Dore, John; Priscu, John; Leventer, Amy; Rosenheim, Brad", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010119", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.640287, "title": "CTD data from Mercer Subglacial Lake and access borehole", "uid": "601657", "west": -149.50134}, {"awards": "1738913 Scambos, Ted", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-105.6 -75.05,-105.58 -75.05,-105.56 -75.05,-105.53999999999999 -75.05,-105.52 -75.05,-105.5 -75.05,-105.48 -75.05,-105.46000000000001 -75.05,-105.44 -75.05,-105.42 -75.05,-105.4 -75.05,-105.4 -75.05499999999999,-105.4 -75.06,-105.4 -75.065,-105.4 -75.07,-105.4 -75.07499999999999,-105.4 -75.08,-105.4 -75.085,-105.4 -75.08999999999999,-105.4 -75.095,-105.4 -75.1,-105.42 -75.1,-105.44 -75.1,-105.46000000000001 -75.1,-105.48 -75.1,-105.5 -75.1,-105.52 -75.1,-105.53999999999999 -75.1,-105.56 -75.1,-105.58 -75.1,-105.6 -75.1,-105.6 -75.095,-105.6 -75.08999999999999,-105.6 -75.085,-105.6 -75.08,-105.6 -75.07499999999999,-105.6 -75.07,-105.6 -75.065,-105.6 -75.06,-105.6 -75.05499999999999,-105.6 -75.05))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "CTD data (date-time, device ID, conductivity, raw temperature, pressure, and salinity) for four CTD units recorded as they were lowered through the ice-shelf boreholes at the two sites and into the underlying ocean during installation. Cavity AMIGOS-III station CTDs were installed on 30-31 December 2019 (earlier data are from a salt-water tank in McMurdo); Channel AMIGOS-III CTDs were installed on 12 January 2020.", "east": -105.4, "geometry": ["POINT(-105.5 -75.07499999999999)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; CTD; Ice Shelf", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica", "north": -75.05, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "SCAMBOS, Ted", "project_titles": "NSF-NERC The Future of Thwaites Glacier and its Contribution to Sea-level Rise Science Coordination Office", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010127", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSF-NERC The Future of Thwaites Glacier and its Contribution to Sea-level Rise Science Coordination Office"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -75.1, "title": "Profile CTD Data During Installation of AMIGOS-III Cavity and Channel On-Ice Moorings", "uid": "601623", "west": -105.6}, {"awards": "1644159 Jacobs, Stanley; 1644118 Dunbar, Robert", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-108 -73,-107.1 -73,-106.2 -73,-105.3 -73,-104.4 -73,-103.5 -73,-102.6 -73,-101.7 -73,-100.8 -73,-99.9 -73,-99 -73,-99 -73.3,-99 -73.6,-99 -73.9,-99 -74.2,-99 -74.5,-99 -74.8,-99 -75.1,-99 -75.4,-99 -75.7,-99 -76,-99.9 -76,-100.8 -76,-101.7 -76,-102.6 -76,-103.5 -76,-104.4 -76,-105.3 -76,-106.2 -76,-107.1 -76,-108 -76,-108 -75.7,-108 -75.4,-108 -75.1,-108 -74.8,-108 -74.5,-108 -74.2,-108 -73.9,-108 -73.6,-108 -73.3,-108 -73))"], "date_created": "Fri, 23 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Seawater d18O and hydrographic data (temperature, salinity, oxygen where available) for 5 cruises to the Amundsen Sea in 2000, 2007, 2009, 2019, 2020", "east": -99.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-103.5 -74.5)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Chemistry:Water; CTD; D18O; NBP0001; NBP0702; NBP0901; NBP1901; NBP2002; Oceans; Oxygen Isotope; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Seawater Isotope; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica; Amundsen Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -73.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Hennig, Andrew", "project_titles": "Estimation of Antarctic Ice Melt using Stable Isotopic Analyses of Seawater; West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010380", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Estimation of Antarctic Ice Melt using Stable Isotopic Analyses of Seawater"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010208", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.0, "title": "Antarctic Seawater d18O isotope data from SE Amundsen Sea: 2000, 2007, 2009, 2019, 2020", "uid": "601611", "west": -108.0}, {"awards": "1043092 Steig, Eric; 1807522 Jones, Tyler", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "We analyzed a continuous record of water-isotope ratios from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core to reveal summer and winter temperature changes through the last 11,000 years. ", "east": -112.085, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Records; Seasonality; Seasonal Temperatures; Temperature; Water Isotopes; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "Antarctica; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "north": -79.467, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Jones, Tyler R.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Stable Isotopes of Ice in the Transition and Glacial Sections of the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core; Collaborative Research: Targeted resampling of deep polar ice cores using information theory", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000078", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Stable Isotopes of Ice in the Transition and Glacial Sections of the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010100", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Targeted resampling of deep polar ice cores using information theory"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.467, "title": "Seasonal temperatures in West Antarctica during the Holocene ", "uid": "601603", "west": -112.085}, {"awards": "1543245 Rynearson, Tatiana", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-179 -59,-167.7 -59,-156.4 -59,-145.1 -59,-133.8 -59,-122.5 -59,-111.19999999999999 -59,-99.89999999999999 -59,-88.6 -59,-77.3 -59,-66 -59,-66 -60.9,-66 -62.8,-66 -64.7,-66 -66.6,-66 -68.5,-66 -70.4,-66 -72.3,-66 -74.2,-66 -76.1,-66 -78,-77.3 -78,-88.6 -78,-99.9 -78,-111.2 -78,-122.5 -78,-133.8 -78,-145.10000000000002 -78,-156.4 -78,-167.7 -78,-179 -78,-179 -76.1,-179 -74.2,-179 -72.3,-179 -70.4,-179 -68.5,-179 -66.6,-179 -64.7,-179 -62.8,-179 -60.900000000000006,-179 -59))"], "date_created": "Mon, 27 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes records of the specific growth rates measured for 43 clonal diatom strains originally isolated during the research cruise NBP-1701 across the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean during December 2016-January 2017. Strains were grown under continuous light (130 \u00b5mol m-2\u00a0s-1) at up to 8 temperatures that span all or most of each strain\u2019s thermal niche width, from 0-12 degrees C, which encompasses each strain\u2019s optimum temperature for growth. Strains have been molecularly identified to species via 18S Sanger sequencing. Data include the following information for each record: Internal lab strain reference ID, date collected, latitude, longitude, Southern Ocean region, species, tested temperature, replicate number and specific growth rate. Data are provided in comma-separated values (csv) format.", "east": -66.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-122.5 -68.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; NBP1701; Phytoplankton; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Specific Growth Rate; Thermal Optimum Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -59.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Bishop, Ian", "project_titles": "NSFGEO-NERC: Evolutionary Response of Southern Ocean Diatoms to Environmental Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000850", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Evolutionary Response of Southern Ocean Diatoms to Environmental Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Specific growth rate measurements for 43 Southern Ocean diatoms", "uid": "601586", "west": -179.0}, {"awards": "1929991 Pettit, Erin C", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-117.45625697487581 -73.79754996487824,-116.50673841062198 -73.79754996487824,-115.55721984636816 -73.79754996487824,-114.60770128211433 -73.79754996487824,-113.6581827178605 -73.79754996487824,-112.70866415360666 -73.79754996487824,-111.75914558935284 -73.79754996487824,-110.80962702509902 -73.79754996487824,-109.86010846084518 -73.79754996487824,-108.91058989659135 -73.79754996487824,-107.96107133233753 -73.79754996487824,-107.96107133233753 -74.04840280405163,-107.96107133233753 -74.29925564322501,-107.96107133233753 -74.5501084823984,-107.96107133233753 -74.80096132157178,-107.96107133233753 -75.05181416074517,-107.96107133233753 -75.30266699991856,-107.96107133233753 -75.55351983909193,-107.96107133233753 -75.80437267826532,-107.96107133233753 -76.0552255174387,-107.96107133233753 -76.30607835661209,-108.91058989659135 -76.30607835661209,-109.86010846084518 -76.30607835661209,-110.80962702509902 -76.30607835661209,-111.75914558935284 -76.30607835661209,-112.70866415360666 -76.30607835661209,-113.6581827178605 -76.30607835661209,-114.60770128211433 -76.30607835661209,-115.55721984636816 -76.30607835661209,-116.50673841062198 -76.30607835661209,-117.45625697487581 -76.30607835661209,-117.45625697487581 -76.0552255174387,-117.45625697487581 -75.80437267826532,-117.45625697487581 -75.55351983909193,-117.45625697487581 -75.30266699991856,-117.45625697487581 -75.05181416074517,-117.45625697487581 -74.80096132157178,-117.45625697487581 -74.5501084823984,-117.45625697487581 -74.29925564322501,-117.45625697487581 -74.04840280405163,-117.45625697487581 -73.79754996487824))"], "date_created": "Thu, 09 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes maps of height above flotation, surface lowering rates, dynamic thickness change, basal melt rates and grounding-line projections from the Dotson-Crosson Ice Shelf System. Furthermore, we included point clouds of migrated ICESat data and ship-based measurents of ocean current and mean potential temperature along the Dotson Ice Shelf\u0027s front.", "east": -107.96107133233753, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.70866415360666 -75.05181416074517)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Dotson Ice Shelf; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology", "locations": "Dotson Ice Shelf; Antarctica", "north": -73.79754996487824, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Wild, Christian; Segabinazzi-Dotto, Tiago", "project_titles": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010162", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -76.30607835661209, "title": "Dotson-Crosson Ice Shelf data from a tale of two ice shelves paper", "uid": "601578", "west": -117.45625697487581}, {"awards": "1844793 Aksoy, Mustafa", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes density, temperature, grain size, and layer thickness measurements collected from various projects available on USAP-DC. Depth listings were recalculated to reflect measurements from the surface of the ice to the deep ice if they were not listed as such in the original dataset. Non-linear least-squares regression was performed on the data to find parameters to existing depth-dependent density and grain size models and the regression results are provided in this dataset. Data is made available in MATLAB and XLSX files. See \u201cinsituData_readMe\u201d for more details.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Ice Sheet", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Aksoy, Mustafa; Kaurejo, Dua; Kar, Rahul", "project_titles": "Characterization of Antarctic Firn by Multi-Frequency Passive Remote Sensing from Space", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010206", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Characterization of Antarctic Firn by Multi-Frequency Passive Remote Sensing from Space"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "In-Situ Density, Temperature, Grain Size, and Layer Thickness data for the Antarctic Ice Sheet", "uid": "601551", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1738992 Pettit, Erin C", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-105.55 -75.03,-105.53 -75.03,-105.51 -75.03,-105.49 -75.03,-105.47 -75.03,-105.45 -75.03,-105.43 -75.03,-105.41 -75.03,-105.39 -75.03,-105.37 -75.03,-105.35 -75.03,-105.35 -75.033,-105.35 -75.036,-105.35 -75.039,-105.35 -75.042,-105.35 -75.045,-105.35 -75.048,-105.35 -75.051,-105.35 -75.054,-105.35 -75.057,-105.35 -75.06,-105.37 -75.06,-105.39 -75.06,-105.41 -75.06,-105.43 -75.06,-105.45 -75.06,-105.47 -75.06,-105.49 -75.06,-105.51 -75.06,-105.53 -75.06,-105.55 -75.06,-105.55 -75.057,-105.55 -75.054,-105.55 -75.051,-105.55 -75.048,-105.55 -75.045,-105.55 -75.042,-105.55 -75.039,-105.55 -75.036,-105.55 -75.033,-105.55 -75.03))"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Campbell Scientific data loggers with eight platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) and an acoustic snow height detector were installed as part of the AMIGOS-III instrumentation (AMIGOS: Automated Meteorology Ice Geophysics Observing System) The data are hourly reports of snow and near-surface air temperatures at different depths. At Cavity AMIGOS site, snow temperatures at ~1.2 meters depth (four PRTs) were used to provide reference temperatures for a coil of Distributed Thermal Sensing (DTS) fiber optic cable. At both sites, PRTs were attached to the tower (wrapped in reflective metal foil tape) as a means of investigating inversion strength and snow burial. At both sites, hourly snow height data using an acoustic sensor placed (initially) at 6.75 meters above the snow on a sensor cross-arm were acquired. A correction based on separately-measured air temperature was applied as per Campbell Scientifics correction algorithm. Both snow height sensors failed after just over one year (Cavity) or 10 months (Channel). Thermistor data continued to be acquired for 13 months (Cavity) or 19 months (Channel) \r\n\r\nThe two sites latest positions (01 Oct, 2021) are:\r\nCavity AMIGOS: 75.037\u00b0S, 105.58\u00b0W\r\nChannel AMIGOS: 75.049\u00b0S, 105.44\u00b0W\r\nboth stations are moving NNE at roughly 850 m.yr, having accelerated from about 650 m/yr in early 2020.", "east": -105.35, "geometry": ["POINT(-105.45 -75.045)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Ice Shelf; Pine Island Bay; Snow Accumulation; Snow Temperature; Thwaites Glacier", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Thwaites Glacier; Antarctica; Thwaites Glacier; Pine Island Bay", "north": -75.03, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Scambos, Ted", "project_titles": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010162", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -75.06, "title": "AMIGOS-III Cavity and Channel Snow Height and Thermistor Snow Temperature Data", "uid": "601552", "west": -105.55}, {"awards": "1844793 Aksoy, Mustafa", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This MATLAB dataset includes brightness temperatures measured by AMSR2 and SSMIS from 01/01/2020 to 06/30/2021 over the Concordia and Vostok Stations as well as the entire Antarctic Ice Sheet. Vertically and horizontally polarized GPM SSMIS/AMSR2 common intercalibrated brightness temperatures at 10.65 GHz, 18.7 GHz, 19.35 GHz, 23.8 GHz, 36.5 GHz, 37 GHz, 89 GHz, and 91.655 GHz averaged over 0.25-degree x 0.25-degree grid cells are stored. In addition, AMSR2 measurements at 6.9 GHz and 7.3 GHz in both polarizations are included. Please read the text file \u201csatData_readMe.txt\u201d for more details. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Ice Sheet; Satellite; Vostok", "locations": "Vostok; Antarctica; Antarctic Ice Sheet", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Aksoy, Mustafa; Kaurejo, Dua; Kar, Rahul", "project_titles": "Characterization of Antarctic Firn by Multi-Frequency Passive Remote Sensing from Space", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010206", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Characterization of Antarctic Firn by Multi-Frequency Passive Remote Sensing from Space"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Antarctic Firn Brightness Temperatures Measured by AMSR2 and SSMIS (Concordia, Vostok, and the Entire Ice Sheet)", "uid": "601550", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1738992 Pettit, Erin C", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-105.65 -75.04,-105.64 -75.04,-105.63 -75.04,-105.62 -75.04,-105.61 -75.04,-105.6 -75.04,-105.59 -75.04,-105.58 -75.04,-105.57 -75.04,-105.56 -75.04,-105.55 -75.04,-105.55 -75.042,-105.55 -75.044,-105.55 -75.046,-105.55 -75.048,-105.55 -75.05,-105.55 -75.052,-105.55 -75.054,-105.55 -75.056,-105.55 -75.058,-105.55 -75.06,-105.56 -75.06,-105.57 -75.06,-105.58 -75.06,-105.59 -75.06,-105.6 -75.06,-105.61 -75.06,-105.62 -75.06,-105.63 -75.06,-105.64 -75.06,-105.65 -75.06,-105.65 -75.058,-105.65 -75.056,-105.65 -75.054,-105.65 -75.052,-105.65 -75.05,-105.65 -75.048,-105.65 -75.046,-105.65 -75.044,-105.65 -75.042,-105.65 -75.04))"], "date_created": "Mon, 28 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Aquadopp 6000m data spanning 14 months (with data gaps) at the Cavity site AMIGOS (Automated Meteorology-Ice-Geophysics Observing System) on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Data are reported as the uncalibrated numbers from the sensors delivered through the inductive modem to the AMIGOS system and uplinked via Iridium. The units were installed two meters below each of the Seabird CTD sensors on the mooring line below the AMIGOS-3a Cavity ice shelf mooring. ", "east": -105.55, "geometry": ["POINT(-105.6 -75.05)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Ice Shelf; Mooring; Pine Island Bay; Pressure; Temperature; Thwaites Glacier", "locations": "Pine Island Bay; Amundsen Sea; Thwaites Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -75.04, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Scambos, Ted", "project_titles": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010162", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -75.06, "title": "AMIGOS-IIIa \"Cavity\" Aquadopp current data Jan 2020 - Mar 2021", "uid": "601547", "west": -105.65}, {"awards": "1738992 Pettit, Erin C", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-105.55 -75.03,-105.53 -75.03,-105.51 -75.03,-105.49 -75.03,-105.47 -75.03,-105.45 -75.03,-105.43 -75.03,-105.41 -75.03,-105.39 -75.03,-105.37 -75.03,-105.35 -75.03,-105.35 -75.033,-105.35 -75.036,-105.35 -75.039,-105.35 -75.042,-105.35 -75.045,-105.35 -75.048,-105.35 -75.051,-105.35 -75.054,-105.35 -75.057,-105.35 -75.06,-105.37 -75.06,-105.39 -75.06,-105.41 -75.06,-105.43 -75.06,-105.45 -75.06,-105.47 -75.06,-105.49 -75.06,-105.51 -75.06,-105.53 -75.06,-105.55 -75.06,-105.55 -75.057,-105.55 -75.054,-105.55 -75.051,-105.55 -75.048,-105.55 -75.045,-105.55 -75.042,-105.55 -75.039,-105.55 -75.036,-105.55 -75.033,-105.55 -75.03))"], "date_created": "Mon, 28 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Visalia WXT520 weather station hourly data spanning 20 months (with data gaps) at the Cavity and Channel AMIGOS-III sites (Automated Meteorology-Ice-Geophysics Observing System) on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Data are reported as the values from the sensors delivered through the Iridium modem via SBD from the AMIGOS. The units were installed at ~6.5m above the surface initially, with snow accumulation gradually reducing that to an estimated 3.5 m after 20 months. The stations report wind direction and speed, air temperature, humidity, pressure, and station power.\r\n\r\nThe two sites latest positions (01 Oct, 2021) are:\r\nCavity AMIGOS: 75.037\u00b0S, 105.58\u00b0W\r\nChannel AMIGOS: 75.049\u00b0S, 105.44\u00b0W\r\nboth stations are moving NNE at roughly 850 m.yr, having accelerated from about 650 m/yr in early 2020.", "east": -105.35, "geometry": ["POINT(-105.45 -75.045)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Ice Shelf; Pine Island Bay; Thwaites Glacier", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Thwaites Glacier; Pine Island Bay; Thwaites Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -75.03, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Scambos, Ted", "project_titles": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010162", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -75.06, "title": "Visala WXT520 weather station data at the Cavity and Channel AMIGOS-III sites", "uid": "601549", "west": -105.55}, {"awards": "1738992 Pettit, Erin C", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-105.45 -75.04,-105.44 -75.04,-105.43 -75.04,-105.42 -75.04,-105.41 -75.04,-105.4 -75.04,-105.39 -75.04,-105.38 -75.04,-105.37 -75.04,-105.36 -75.04,-105.35 -75.04,-105.35 -75.042,-105.35 -75.044,-105.35 -75.046,-105.35 -75.048,-105.35 -75.05,-105.35 -75.052,-105.35 -75.054,-105.35 -75.056,-105.35 -75.058,-105.35 -75.06,-105.36 -75.06,-105.37 -75.06,-105.38 -75.06,-105.39 -75.06,-105.4 -75.06,-105.41 -75.06,-105.42 -75.06,-105.43 -75.06,-105.44 -75.06,-105.45 -75.06,-105.45 -75.058,-105.45 -75.056,-105.45 -75.054,-105.45 -75.052,-105.45 -75.05,-105.45 -75.048,-105.45 -75.046,-105.45 -75.044,-105.45 -75.042,-105.45 -75.04))"], "date_created": "Mon, 28 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Aquadopp 6000m data spanning 14 months (with data gaps) at the Channel site AMIGOS (Automated Meteorology-Ice-Geophysics Observing System) on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Data are reported as the uncalibrated numbers from the sensors delivered through the inductive modem to the AMIGOS system and uplinked via Iridium. The units were installed two meters below each of the Seabird CTD sensors on the mooring line below the AMIGOS-3a Channel ice shelf mooring. ", "east": -105.35, "geometry": ["POINT(-105.4 -75.05)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Ice Shelf; Mooring; Pine Island Bay; Pressure; Temperature; Thwaites Glacier", "locations": "Antarctica; Thwaites Glacier; Amundsen Sea; Pine Island Bay", "north": -75.04, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Scambos, Ted", "project_titles": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010162", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -75.06, "title": "AMIGOS-IIIc \"Channel\" Aquadopp current data Jan 2020 - Mar 2021", "uid": "601548", "west": -105.45}, {"awards": "1738992 Pettit, Erin C", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-105.43 -75.045,-105.425 -75.045,-105.42 -75.045,-105.415 -75.045,-105.41 -75.045,-105.405 -75.045,-105.4 -75.045,-105.395 -75.045,-105.39 -75.045,-105.385 -75.045,-105.38 -75.045,-105.38 -75.047,-105.38 -75.049,-105.38 -75.051,-105.38 -75.053,-105.38 -75.055,-105.38 -75.057,-105.38 -75.059,-105.38 -75.061,-105.38 -75.063,-105.38 -75.065,-105.385 -75.065,-105.39 -75.065,-105.395 -75.065,-105.4 -75.065,-105.405 -75.065,-105.41 -75.065,-105.415 -75.065,-105.42 -75.065,-105.425 -75.065,-105.43 -75.065,-105.43 -75.063,-105.43 -75.061,-105.43 -75.059,-105.43 -75.057,-105.43 -75.055,-105.43 -75.053,-105.43 -75.051,-105.43 -75.049,-105.43 -75.047,-105.43 -75.045))"], "date_created": "Sat, 26 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Seabird MicroCAT SBE37IMP data spanning two years (with data gaps) at the Channel site AMIGOS (Automated Meteorology-Ice-Geophysics Observing System) on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Data are reported as the uncalibrated numbers from the sensors delivered through the inductive modem to the AMIGOS system and uplinked via Iridium. Calibration information and test runs against a retrieved CTD unit are provided.", "east": -105.38, "geometry": ["POINT(-105.405 -75.055)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Ice Shelf; Mooring; Pine Island Bay; Pressure; Salinity; Temperature; Thwaites Glacier", "locations": "Antarctica; Amundsen Sea; Pine Island Bay; Thwaites Glacier", "north": -75.045, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Scambos, Ted", "project_titles": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010162", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -75.065, "title": "AMIGOS-IIIc \"Channel\" Seabird CTD data Jan 2020 - Dec 2021", "uid": "601545", "west": -105.43}, {"awards": "1738992 Pettit, Erin C", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-105.6 -75.045,-105.595 -75.045,-105.59 -75.045,-105.585 -75.045,-105.58 -75.045,-105.575 -75.045,-105.57 -75.045,-105.565 -75.045,-105.56 -75.045,-105.555 -75.045,-105.55 -75.045,-105.55 -75.047,-105.55 -75.049,-105.55 -75.051,-105.55 -75.053,-105.55 -75.055,-105.55 -75.057,-105.55 -75.059,-105.55 -75.061,-105.55 -75.063,-105.55 -75.065,-105.555 -75.065,-105.56 -75.065,-105.565 -75.065,-105.57 -75.065,-105.575 -75.065,-105.58 -75.065,-105.585 -75.065,-105.59 -75.065,-105.595 -75.065,-105.6 -75.065,-105.6 -75.063,-105.6 -75.061,-105.6 -75.059,-105.6 -75.057,-105.6 -75.055,-105.6 -75.053,-105.6 -75.051,-105.6 -75.049,-105.6 -75.047,-105.6 -75.045))"], "date_created": "Sat, 26 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Seabird MicroCAT SBE37IMP data spanning two years (with data gaps) at the Cavity site AMIGOS (Automated Meteorology-Ice-Geophysics Observing System) on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Data are reported as the uncalibrated numbers from the sensors delivered through the inductive modem to the AMIGOS system and uplinked via Iridium. Calibration information and test runs against a retrieved CTD unit are provided.", "east": -105.55, "geometry": ["POINT(-105.575 -75.055)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Ice Shelf; Mooring; Pine Island Bay; Pressure; Salinity; Temperature; Thwaites Glacier", "locations": "Antarctica; Pine Island Bay; Thwaites Glacier; Amundsen Sea", "north": -75.045, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Scambos, Ted", "project_titles": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010162", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -75.065, "title": "AMIGOS-IIIa \"Cavity\" Seabird CTD data Jan 2020 - Dec 2021", "uid": "601544", "west": -105.6}, {"awards": "1744954 Lubin, Dan", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-148.81 -81.65)"], "date_created": "Fri, 18 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set comprises radiative and turbulent flux components of the surface energy balance at Siple Dome, West Antarctica, measured between 21 December 2019 and 19 January 2020. Radiative fluxes were measured by Kipp \u0026 Zonen pyranometers and pyrgeometers. A Campbell Scientific open path eddy covariance system measured sensible and latent heat fluxes. An Apogee infrared sensor measured surface skin temperature. Sky conditions were observed using an ALCOR System digital all-sky camera. A StellarNet shortwave spectroradiometer system measured downwelling spectral irradiance in the wavelength range 350-1700 nm.", "east": -148.81, "geometry": ["POINT(-148.81 -81.65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Siple Dome; Spectroscopy", "locations": "Siple Dome; Antarctica", "north": -81.65, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Lubin, Dan; Ghiz, Madison", "project_titles": "Surface Energy Balance on West Antarctica and the Ross Ice Shelf", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010296", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Surface Energy Balance on West Antarctica and the Ross Ice Shelf"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -81.65, "title": "Siple Dome Surface Energy Flux", "uid": "601540", "west": -148.81}, {"awards": "1443471 Koutnik, Michelle", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(137.04 -89.54)"], "date_created": "Tue, 22 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "These data are 6-hourly measurements of temperature in the upper 40 m of firn at a site 50 km upstream of South Pole (89.54 S, 137.04 E). The measurements span the two years from January 2017 to December 2018. ", "east": 137.04, "geometry": ["POINT(137.04 -89.54)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Firn; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Records; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; South Pole; SPICEcore; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -89.54, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Stevens, Christopher Max; Lilien, David; Conway, Howard; Koutnik, Michelle; Waddington, Edwin D.; Fudge, T. J.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000200", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -89.54, "title": "Firn temperatures 50km upstream of South Pole", "uid": "601525", "west": 137.04}, {"awards": "1443710 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(0 -90)"], "date_created": "Thu, 03 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "We present measurements gas measurements from the South Pole Ice Core, including the isotopic composition of molecular nitrogen (\u03b415N) and argon (\u03b440Ar), and the argon-nitrogen ratio (\u03b4Ar/N2). The measurements were made between approximately 490 and 1310 m depth, which is between 5 and 30 kyr BP on the SP19 Gas Chronology.\r\nThe measurements allow us to reconstruct the past amounts of gravitational and thermal fractionation in the firn and thus reconstruct past firn thickness and temperature gradient. These reconstructions are also included.\r\n", "east": 0.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -90)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Argon; Argon Isotopes; Firn; Firn Temperature Gradient; Firn Thickness; Gas Isotopes; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Records; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes; South Pole; SPICEcore", "locations": "Antarctica; South Pole; South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Morgan, Jacob; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Inert Gas and Methane Based Climate Records throughout the South Pole Deep Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010005", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Inert Gas and Methane Based Climate Records throughout the South Pole Deep Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "South Pole Ice Core Isotopes of N2 and Ar", "uid": "601517", "west": 0.0}, {"awards": "1744789 Padman, Laurence; 1744792 Little, Christopher", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains NetCDF files of two-dimensional gridded fields of hydrographic properties, Conservative Temperature (CT) and Absolute Salinity (SA), around Antarctica, depth-averaged for the depth range 300 m to min([water depth, 1000]) m from 38 CMIP6 models, the World Ocean Atlas 2018, and our own product developed from the World Ocean Database. These fields are designed to represent the hydrography of deeper water masses on the Antarctic Continental Shelf (ACS), where typical water depths are 400-600 m, and the intermediate-depth water off the continental shelf. The dataset includes a high-resolution polar-stereographic grid (2 x 2 km) of Southern Ocean geometry, including water depth, elevation of the land and ice-sheet surface (including ice shelves), a mask (identifying water, land and grounded ice, and ice shelves), and offshore distance from the continental shelf break. An example MATLAB script for accessing the grids and plotting them is included. The primary purpose of this dataset is to provide simplified 2-D hydrographic fields that can be used to assess the performance of climate models for the ACS, focusing on the depth range that affects most basal melting of Antarctica\u2019s ice shelves.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Continental Shelf; CMIP6; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Howard, Susan L.; Little, Chris; Sun, Qiang; Padman, Laurence", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Gridded Values of Conservative Temperature and Absolute Salinity Around Antarctica averaged for the depth range 300 m to min([water depth, 1000]) m", "uid": "601516", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1643353 Christianson, Knut; 1744649 Christianson, Knut", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-179.9989061 -89.752739299,-143.999017884 -89.752739299,-107.999129669 -89.752739299,-71.9992414529 -89.752739299,-35.9993532372 -89.752739299,0.000534978500013 -89.752739299,36.0004231942 -89.752739299,72.0003114099 -89.752739299,108.000199626 -89.752739299,144.000087841 -89.752739299,179.999976057 -89.752739299,179.999976057 -89.7772743702,179.999976057 -89.8018094414,179.999976057 -89.8263445126,179.999976057 -89.8508795838,179.999976057 -89.875414655,179.999976057 -89.8999497262,179.999976057 -89.9244847974,179.999976057 -89.9490198686,179.999976057 -89.9735549398,179.999976057 -89.998090011,144.000087841 -89.998090011,108.000199626 -89.998090011,72.0003114099 -89.998090011,36.0004231942 -89.998090011,0.000534978499985 -89.998090011,-35.9993532372 -89.998090011,-71.9992414529 -89.998090011,-107.999129669 -89.998090011,-143.999017884 -89.998090011,-179.9989061 -89.998090011,-179.9989061 -89.9735549398,-179.9989061 -89.9490198686,-179.9989061 -89.9244847974,-179.9989061 -89.8999497262,-179.9989061 -89.875414655,-179.9989061 -89.8508795838,-179.9989061 -89.8263445126,-179.9989061 -89.8018094414,-179.9989061 -89.7772743702,-179.9989061 -89.752739299))"], "date_created": "Thu, 06 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "These are ground-based radar data collected from a subglacial lake ~15 km from the geographic South Pole. Data were collected with the Autonomous phase-sensitive Radio Echo Sounder (ApRES) (Nicholls et al., 2015). The intention of this dataset is to be used for vertical velocity structure and interpretation.", "east": 179.999976057, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Apres; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; South Pole; Subglacial Lakes; Vertical Velocity", "locations": "South Pole; South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -89.752739299, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Hills, Benjamin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Computational Methods Supporting Joint Seismic and Radar Inversion for Ice Fabric and Temperature in Streaming Flow", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010160", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Computational Methods Supporting Joint Seismic and Radar Inversion for Ice Fabric and Temperature in Streaming Flow"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -89.998090011, "title": "South Pole Lake ApRES Radar", "uid": "601503", "west": -179.9989061}, {"awards": "1744649 Christianson, Knut; 1643353 Christianson, Knut", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-179.9989061 -89.752739299,-143.999017884 -89.752739299,-107.999129669 -89.752739299,-71.9992414529 -89.752739299,-35.9993532372 -89.752739299,0.000534978500013 -89.752739299,36.0004231942 -89.752739299,72.0003114099 -89.752739299,108.000199626 -89.752739299,144.000087841 -89.752739299,179.999976057 -89.752739299,179.999976057 -89.7772743702,179.999976057 -89.8018094414,179.999976057 -89.8263445126,179.999976057 -89.8508795838,179.999976057 -89.875414655,179.999976057 -89.8999497262,179.999976057 -89.9244847974,179.999976057 -89.9490198686,179.999976057 -89.9735549398,179.999976057 -89.998090011,144.000087841 -89.998090011,108.000199626 -89.998090011,72.0003114099 -89.998090011,36.0004231942 -89.998090011,0.000534978499985 -89.998090011,-35.9993532372 -89.998090011,-71.9992414529 -89.998090011,-107.999129669 -89.998090011,-143.999017884 -89.998090011,-179.9989061 -89.998090011,-179.9989061 -89.9735549398,-179.9989061 -89.9490198686,-179.9989061 -89.9244847974,-179.9989061 -89.8999497262,-179.9989061 -89.875414655,-179.9989061 -89.8508795838,-179.9989061 -89.8263445126,-179.9989061 -89.8018094414,-179.9989061 -89.7772743702,-179.9989061 -89.752739299))"], "date_created": "Thu, 06 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "These are ground-based GNSS data collected from a subglacial lake ~15 km from the geographic South Pole.\r\nData were collected with two separate antenna/receiver systems: 1) Septentrio Altus APS3G antenna/receiver 2) Trimble NetR8 and Trimble Zephyr Geodetic antenna.", "east": 179.999976057, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GNSS; GPS; GPS Data; South Pole; Subglacial Lakes", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica; South Pole", "north": -89.752739299, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Hills, Benjamin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Computational Methods Supporting Joint Seismic and Radar Inversion for Ice Fabric and Temperature in Streaming Flow", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010160", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Computational Methods Supporting Joint Seismic and Radar Inversion for Ice Fabric and Temperature in Streaming Flow"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -89.998090011, "title": "South Pole Lake GNSS", "uid": "601502", "west": -179.9989061}, {"awards": "1245871 McCarthy, Christine", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Thu, 23 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains text files for the experimental logs of ice-on-rock friction experiments that were conducted in a double direct shear apparatus at temperatures of -16.4 C to -2 C. There are eleven files (C28-C34, C39-C41, and C44). Each file contains 4 columns of data that correspond to time (s), vertical displacement (microns), friction, and velocity. The data were prepared by converting voltages from experimental feedbacks, to appropriate units using calibrations, as conducted separate. Miscellaneous loading and unloading data were removed and the data was filtered modestly (100 point moving average filter in matlab). The data set includes all information needed to plot friction or velocity vs. time or displacement from the beginning to end of the run. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "McCarthy, Christine M.; Skarbek, Rob; Savage, Heather", "project_titles": "Laboratory Study of Ice Deformation under Tidal Loading Conditions with Application to Antarctic Glaciers", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010186", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Laboratory Study of Ice Deformation under Tidal Loading Conditions with Application to Antarctic Glaciers"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Dataset for Tidal modulation of ice streams: Effect of periodic sliding velocity on ice friction and healing", "uid": "601497", "west": null}, {"awards": "1947040 Postlethwait, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-65.3 -63.3,-65 -63.3,-64.7 -63.3,-64.4 -63.3,-64.1 -63.3,-63.8 -63.3,-63.5 -63.3,-63.2 -63.3,-62.9 -63.3,-62.6 -63.3,-62.3 -63.3,-62.3 -63.47,-62.3 -63.64,-62.3 -63.81,-62.3 -63.98,-62.3 -64.15,-62.3 -64.32,-62.3 -64.49,-62.3 -64.66,-62.3 -64.83,-62.3 -65,-62.6 -65,-62.9 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.5 -65,-63.8 -65,-64.1 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.7 -65,-65 -65,-65.3 -65,-65.3 -64.83,-65.3 -64.66,-65.3 -64.49,-65.3 -64.32,-65.3 -64.15,-65.3 -63.98,-65.3 -63.81,-65.3 -63.64,-65.3 -63.47,-65.3 -63.3))"], "date_created": "Thu, 16 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Temperature profiles at five fishing locations on the West Antarctic Peninsula during austral fall 2018. All profiles were recorded using a DST centi-TD Miniature Temperature and Depth Data Logger (Star-Oddi, Gar\u00f0ab\u00e6r, Iceland) mounted on one of the two otters of the fishing net, thus continuously recording temperature while going down, at the bottom, and while ascending the water column. The two temperature profiles in the Gerlache Strait were recorded using XBT probes (Expendable Bathythermograph) Sippican Deep Blue 760-M and thus show unidirectional temperature profiles.", "east": -62.3, "geometry": ["POINT(-63.8 -64.15)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -63.3, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Desvignes, Thomas", "project_titles": "EAGER: Origin and Physiological Consequences of a Neoplasm Outbreak in Antarctic Fish ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010221", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: Origin and Physiological Consequences of a Neoplasm Outbreak in Antarctic Fish "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Temperature profiles at five fishing locations on the West Antarctic Peninsula during austral fall 2018.", "uid": "601495", "west": -65.3}, {"awards": "0732625 Leventer, Amy; 1433140 Domack, Eugene", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-69 -58,-67.7 -58,-66.4 -58,-65.1 -58,-63.8 -58,-62.5 -58,-61.2 -58,-59.9 -58,-58.6 -58,-57.3 -58,-56 -58,-56 -59,-56 -60,-56 -61,-56 -62,-56 -63,-56 -64,-56 -65,-56 -66,-56 -67,-56 -68,-57.3 -68,-58.6 -68,-59.9 -68,-61.2 -68,-62.5 -68,-63.8 -68,-65.1 -68,-66.4 -68,-67.7 -68,-69 -68,-69 -67,-69 -66,-69 -65,-69 -64,-69 -63,-69 -62,-69 -61,-69 -60,-69 -59,-69 -58))"], "date_created": "Mon, 15 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains an age vs depth model and measurements of magnetic susceptibility, benthic foraminifera Bulimina aculeata d18O and d13C, bulk sediment GDGT data, and diatom assemblage data from USAP LMG13-11 JKC-1 sediment core (0-100 cm) archived at the Oregon State University ACC repository. All stable isotope and GDGT measurements were made at the University of South Florida College of Marine Science. Diatom assemblages were counted at Colgate University. The data set includes all replicate measurements. Details of the entire data set and all relevant methods are provided in Browne et al (submitted, 2021)", "east": -56.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.5 -63)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Delta 13C; Delta 18O; Paleoceanography; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -58.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Shevenell, Amelia", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -68.0, "title": "LMG13-11 JKC-1 Paleoceanographic data", "uid": "601485", "west": -69.0}, {"awards": "1245871 McCarthy, Christine", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 30 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains rate and state frictional parameters for ice-on-rock friction experiments that were conducted in a double direct shear apparatus as temperatures of -16.4 C to -2 C. The frictional parameters were deteremined by directly fitting the frictional response to controlled, harmonic oscillations in load point velocity. The data set includes all information needed to reproduce the fits, as well as tables of the frictional parameters for both the aging and slip law forms of frictional state evolution.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Skarbek, Rob; McCarthy, Christine M.; Savage, Heather", "project_titles": "Laboratory Study of Ice Deformation under Tidal Loading Conditions with Application to Antarctic Glaciers", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010186", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Laboratory Study of Ice Deformation under Tidal Loading Conditions with Application to Antarctic Glaciers"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Rate-state friction parameters for ice-on-rock oscillation experiments", "uid": "601467", "west": null}, {"awards": "1644159 Jacobs, Stanley", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165 -76.5,165.6 -76.5,166.2 -76.5,166.8 -76.5,167.4 -76.5,168 -76.5,168.6 -76.5,169.2 -76.5,169.8 -76.5,170.4 -76.5,171 -76.5,171 -76.65,171 -76.8,171 -76.95,171 -77.1,171 -77.25,171 -77.4,171 -77.55,171 -77.7,171 -77.85,171 -78,170.4 -78,169.8 -78,169.2 -78,168.6 -78,168 -78,167.4 -78,166.8 -78,166.2 -78,165.6 -78,165 -78,165 -77.85,165 -77.7,165 -77.55,165 -77.4,165 -77.25,165 -77.1,165 -76.95,165 -76.8,165 -76.65,165 -76.5))"], "date_created": "Fri, 25 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Salinity and temperature at 50 \u0026 100 m intervals from profiles near Ross Island, Antarctica in 1936 and from 1956-57 through 2019-2020.", "east": 171.0, "geometry": ["POINT(168 -77.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CTD; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Ross Island; Ross Sea; Salinity; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; Ross Sea; Ross Island", "north": -76.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Jacobs, Stanley; Giulivi, Claudia F.", "project_titles": "West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010208", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Ross Island area DJF salinity and temperature records 1956-57 through 2019-20", "uid": "601458", "west": 165.0}, {"awards": "1543432 Hock, Regine", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 22 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains the total number of days per year with meltwater present at the surface across the Antarctic ice sheet and surrounding ice shelves derived from passive microwave satellite observations for each melt year from 1979/80 to 2019/20. This data comes from daily and near-daily SMMR, SSM/I, and SSMIS results at 25 km resolution at 19 GHz horizontal polarization. Each melt year starts on July 1 and ends June 30. The melt detection algorithm is described in Johnson and others (2020) and uses KMeans clustering analysis of the annual brightness temperature time series on each pixel to detect melt for that pixel and year. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Melt Days; Passive Microwave; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Surface Melt", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Johnson, Andrew; Hock, Regine; Fahnestock, Mark", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Present and Projected Future Forcings on Antarctic Peninsula Glaciers and Ice Shelves using the Weather Forecasting and Research (WRF) Model", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010408", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Present and Projected Future Forcings on Antarctic Peninsula Glaciers and Ice Shelves using the Weather Forecasting and Research (WRF) Model"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Antarctic passive microwave Kmeans derived surface melt days, 1979-2020", "uid": "601457", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1543377 Seefeldt, Mark; 1543325 Landolt, Scott", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.918 -77.877,167.2997 -77.877,167.6814 -77.877,168.0631 -77.877,168.4448 -77.877,168.8265 -77.877,169.2082 -77.877,169.5899 -77.877,169.9716 -77.877,170.3533 -77.877,170.735 -77.877,170.735 -77.99,170.735 -78.103,170.735 -78.216,170.735 -78.329,170.735 -78.442,170.735 -78.555,170.735 -78.668,170.735 -78.781,170.735 -78.894,170.735 -79.007,170.3533 -79.007,169.9716 -79.007,169.5899 -79.007,169.2082 -79.007,168.8265 -79.007,168.4448 -79.007,168.0631 -79.007,167.6814 -79.007,167.2997 -79.007,166.918 -79.007,166.918 -78.894,166.918 -78.781,166.918 -78.668,166.918 -78.555,166.918 -78.442,166.918 -78.329,166.918 -78.216,166.918 -78.103,166.918 -77.99,166.918 -77.877))"], "date_created": "Tue, 04 May 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The dataset includes precipitation and associated observations at four sites across the northwest Ross Ice Shelf from December 2017 to November 2019. The general instruments at each site include precipitation gauge - installed inside a wind shield, anemometer, thermometer, sonic ranging sensor, optical particle detector, laser disdrometer, shortwave and longwave radiation sensors, and a field camera. The observations from each site include: precipitation (liquid water equivalent), temperature, wind speed, snow surface height, particle count, particle size and speed, upward/downward longwave radiation, upward/downward shortwave radiation, still image photos, and 5-second movies. The data are in comma-delimited text files, jpg photos, and mp4 movies. png plots of the quality-controlled observations are included for quick views of the data.", "east": 170.735, "geometry": ["POINT(168.8265 -78.442)"], "keywords": "Accumulation; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Meteorology; Precipitation; Ross Ice Shelf; Snow; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Weatherstation; Weather Station Data", "locations": "Ross Ice Shelf; Antarctica", "north": -77.877, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Seefeldt, Mark", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Implementing Low-power, Autonomous Observing Systems to Improve the Measurement and Understanding of Antarctic Precipitation", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010173", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Implementing Low-power, Autonomous Observing Systems to Improve the Measurement and Understanding of Antarctic Precipitation"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.007, "title": "Precipitation Observations for the Northwest Ross Ice Shelf - 2017-12 to 2019-11", "uid": "601441", "west": 166.918}, {"awards": "1341606 Stammerjohn, Sharon", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -59.9,-179.53 -59.9,-179.06 -59.9,-178.59 -59.9,-178.12 -59.9,-177.65 -59.9,-177.18 -59.9,-176.71 -59.9,-176.24 -59.9,-175.77 -59.9,-175.3 -59.9,-175.3 -61.68,-175.3 -63.46,-175.3 -65.24,-175.3 -67.02,-175.3 -68.8,-175.3 -70.58,-175.3 -72.36,-175.3 -74.14,-175.3 -75.92,-175.3 -77.7,-175.77 -77.7,-176.24 -77.7,-176.71 -77.7,-177.18 -77.7,-177.65 -77.7,-178.12 -77.7,-178.59 -77.7,-179.06 -77.7,-179.53 -77.7,180 -77.7,178.36 -77.7,176.72 -77.7,175.08 -77.7,173.44 -77.7,171.8 -77.7,170.16 -77.7,168.52 -77.7,166.88 -77.7,165.24 -77.7,163.6 -77.7,163.6 -75.92,163.6 -74.14,163.6 -72.36,163.6 -70.58,163.6 -68.8,163.6 -67.02,163.6 -65.24,163.6 -63.46,163.6 -61.68,163.6 -59.9,165.24 -59.9,166.88 -59.9,168.52 -59.9,170.16 -59.9,171.8 -59.9,173.44 -59.9,175.08 -59.9,176.72 -59.9,178.36 -59.9,-180 -59.9))"], "date_created": "Tue, 12 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ocean profile data from a SeaBird SBE 911plus CTD package deployed on the NBP1704 PIPERS cruise in the Ross Sea (Apr 11 to Jun 10, 2017). ", "east": 163.6, "geometry": ["POINT(174.15 -68.8)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CTD; CTD Data; NBP1704; Ocean Profile Data; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; Temperature", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -59.9, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Stammerjohn, Sharon", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.7, "title": "NBP1704 CTD sensor data", "uid": "601422", "west": -175.3}, {"awards": "1644196 Cziko, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162.647931 -77.000624,163.049652 -77.000624,163.451373 -77.000624,163.853094 -77.000624,164.254815 -77.000624,164.656536 -77.000624,165.058257 -77.000624,165.459978 -77.000624,165.861699 -77.000624,166.26342 -77.000624,166.665141 -77.000624,166.665141 -77.0856883,166.665141 -77.1707526,166.665141 -77.2558169,166.665141 -77.3408812,166.665141 -77.4259455,166.665141 -77.5110098,166.665141 -77.5960741,166.665141 -77.6811384,166.665141 -77.7662027,166.665141 -77.851267,166.26342 -77.851267,165.861699 -77.851267,165.459978 -77.851267,165.058257 -77.851267,164.656536 -77.851267,164.254815 -77.851267,163.853094 -77.851267,163.451373 -77.851267,163.049652 -77.851267,162.647931 -77.851267,162.647931 -77.7662027,162.647931 -77.6811384,162.647931 -77.5960741,162.647931 -77.5110098,162.647931 -77.4259455,162.647931 -77.3408812,162.647931 -77.2558169,162.647931 -77.1707526,162.647931 -77.0856883,162.647931 -77.000624))"], "date_created": "Sun, 03 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Nearshore benthic seawater temperature (plus pressure and salinity for some sites) in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica for 2017-2019. Data includes those from standalone temperature (sometimes pressure) for several sites around McMurdo Sound as well as data from the cabled McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory moored conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor at the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty. Data are from high precision SeaBird sensors (SBE56, SBE39, SBE19Plus and SBE37), with sample intervals from 90 sec to 15 min, depending on site. Sampled sites include Explorer\u0027s Cove at New Harbor, Cape Evans, Granite Harbor, and the McMurdo Station jetty. All sensors were deployed near or on the benthos at 20-25 m deep, in typical nearshore benthic fish and invertebrate habitat.", "east": 166.665141, "geometry": ["POINT(164.656536 -77.4259455)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic Ecology; CTD; Depth; McMurdo Sound; Oceanography; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Pressure; Salinity; Seawater Measurements; Seawater Temperature; Supercooling; Tides", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -77.000624, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Cziko, Paul", "project_titles": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010147", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.851267, "title": "High-resolution nearshore benthic seawater temperature from around McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)", "uid": "601420", "west": 162.647931}, {"awards": "1246148 Severinghaus, Jeffrey; 1245821 Brook, Edward J.; 1245659 Petrenko, Vasilii", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Mon, 28 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Inert gas measurements on a large diameter (0.24m), shallow (20m) ice core from Taylor Glacier for mean ocean temperature reconstruction from 60 - 74 ka.\r\nFour samples were also measured on the WAIS Divide ice core to validate Taylor Glacier reconstruction. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Paleotemperature; Taylor Glacier", "locations": "Taylor Glacier; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Shackleton, Sarah", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000283", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Mean Ocean Temperature in Marine Isotope Stage 4", "uid": "601415", "west": null}, {"awards": "1341602 Crockett, Elizabeth; 1341663 O\u0027Brien, Kristin", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Thu, 24 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic notothenioids are noted for extreme stenothermy, yet underpinnings of their thermal limits are not fully understood. We hypothesized that properties of ventricular membranes could explain previously observed differences among notothenioids in temperature onset of cardiac arrhythmias and persistent asystole. Microsomes were prepared using ventricles from six species of notothenioids, including four species from the hemoglobin-less (Hb-) family Channichthyidae (icefishes), which also differentially express cardiac myoglobin (Mb), and two species from the (Hb+) Nototheniidae. We determined membrane fluidity and structural integrity by quantifying fluorescence depolarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and leakage of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, respectively, over a temperature range from ambient (0 \u00b0C) to 20 \u00b0C. Compositions of membrane phospholipids and cholesterol contents were also quantified. Membranes from all four species of icefishes exhibited greater fluidity than membranes from the red-blooded species N. coriiceps. Thermal sensitivity of fluidity did not vary among species. The greatest thermal sensitivity to leakage occurred between 0 and 5 \u00b0C for all species, while membranes from the icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus (Hb-/Mb-) displayed leakage that was nearly 1.5-fold greater than leakage in N. coriiceps (Hb+/Mb+). Contents of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were approximately 1.5-fold greater in icefishes than in red-blooded fishes, and phospholipids had a higher degree of unsaturation in icefishes than in Hb + notothenioids. Cholesterol contents were lowest in Champsocephalus gunnari (Hb-/Mb-) and highest in the two Hb+/Mb + species, G. gibberifrons and N. coriiceps. Our results reveal marked differences in membrane properties and indicate a breach in membrane fluidity and structural integrity at a lower temperature in icefishes than in red-blooded notothenioids. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "O\u0027Brien, Kristin; Evans, Elizabeth; Farnoud, Amir; Crockett, Elizabeth", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Physiological and Biochemical Underpinnings of Thermal Tolerance in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010084", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Physiological and Biochemical Underpinnings of Thermal Tolerance in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Thermal sensitivity of membrane fluidity and integrity in hearts of Antarctic fishes that vary in expression of hemoglobin and myoglobin", "uid": "601414", "west": null}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-58 -62)"], "date_created": "Mon, 21 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Surface spectra of red and green snow algae were collected at two sites on King George Island (KGI), the largest of the South Shetland Islands, and one site on northern Nelson Island (NI), southwest of KGI in January 2018. Optically thick (\u003e 30cm) snow packs were prioritized for spectral albedo data acquisition and corresponding snow algae sampling in order to minimize the impact of the underlying ground on spectral albedo. Sites were also selected based on where it was possible to sample 1) a control site with relatively clean snow having no visible snow algae 2) green snow algae, 3) red snow algae and 4) mixed-phase green and red algae. At each site, duplicates of each snow type were measured with the spectrometer (except at Nelson Island where only one Mixed site was observed). All samples were collected around noon local Chilean time, when the seasonal snow pack was also receiving the most incoming solar radiation. Spectral reflectance measurements were collected with an Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) FieldSpec\u00ae 4 hyperspectral spectroradiometer (Malvern Panalytical, USA) between 350 and 2500 nm. The sensor was equipped with a light-diffusing fore optic remote cosine receptor (RCR) to measure planar irradiance. We selected three different locations and collected spectral measurements for two samples each of green, red, and mixed snow algae patches, and two algae-free or \u201cclean\u201d snow areas, for a total of 24 measurement sites (2 of each of the 4 types across the 3 sites). Areas with snowmelt ponding were avoided. The RCR was placed upward to collect the downwelling planar irradiance incident upon the snow surface (Ed) and the upwelling planar irradiance reflected from the snow (Eu). Measurements were collected in triplicate. The operator was located in a direction 90 - 135\u00ba away from the sun to minimize solar glint and self-shadowing. Snow conditions did not allow for a tripod, so nadir orientation was determined by practice with a level and by visual assistance of an observer. Since the measurements were carried out under heavily overcast conditions where irradiance is dominated by the diffuse insolation with no solar azimuthal dependence, the influence of slight tilt when measuring the downwelling irradiance (i.e. the cosine error) is expected to be minor (\u003c0.5%). The reflectance measurements were taken prior to excavation of snow sample for laboratory analysis. Post-processing of the data involved computing spectral reflectance, as the ratio of the upwelling flux normalized to the downwelling flux for each wavelength. The mean of the three measurements was calculated for each site. Ambient light conditions were too low in the short-wave infrared wavelengths for getting adequate signal-to-noise for our measurements. In post-processing, reflectance values were truncated at 1350 nm for this analysis. This value represents the limit often used for RF calculations in other studies. In addition, empirical correction coefficients were used to correct for temperature related radiometric inter-channel steps using the procedure and MATLAB code from Hueni et al. (2017). This removed the step function near 1000 nm for most of the spectra, although not fully for all spectra. However, this discontinuity does not significantly impact results or albedo calculations. Albedo was calculated as the integrated R in two different intervals: visible (400-700 nm) and infrared (700-1300 nm). ", "east": -58.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-58 -62)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; South Shetland Islands", "locations": "Antarctica; South Shetland Islands", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Khan, Alia", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -62.0, "title": "Red and Green Snow Algae Surface Spectra", "uid": "601412", "west": -58.0}, {"awards": "1341663 O\u0027Brien, Kristin", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 18 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Studies in temperate fishes provide evidence that cardiac mitochondrial function and the capacity to fuel cardiac work contribute to thermal tolerance. Here, we tested the hypothesis that decreased cardiac aerobic metabolic capacity contributes to the lower thermal tolerance of the haemoglobinless Antarctic icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus, compared with that of the red-blooded Antarctic species, Notothenia coriiceps. Maximal activities of citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), respiration rates of isolated mitochondria, adenylate levels and changes in mitochondrial protein expression were quantified from hearts of animals held at ambient temperature or exposed to their critical thermal maximum (CTmax). Compared with C. aceratus, activity of CS, ATP concentration and energy charge were higher in hearts of N. coriiceps at ambient temperature and CTmax While state 3 mitochondrial respiration rates were not impaired by exposure to CTmax in either species, state 4 rates, indicative of proton leakage, increased following exposure to CTmax in C. aceratus but not N. coriiceps The interactive effect of temperature and species resulted in an increase in antioxidants and aerobic metabolic enzymes in N. coriiceps but not in C. aceratus Together, our results support the hypothesis that the lower aerobic metabolic capacity of C. aceratus hearts contributes to its low thermal tolerance. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "O\u0027Brien, Kristin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Physiological and Biochemical Underpinnings of Thermal Tolerance in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010084", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Physiological and Biochemical Underpinnings of Thermal Tolerance in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Cardiac metabolism in Antarctic fishes in response to an acute increase in temperature", "uid": "601405", "west": null}, {"awards": "1341663 O\u0027Brien, Kristin", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 18 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Southern Ocean has experienced stable, cold temperatures for over 10 million years, yet particular regions are currently undergoing rapid warming. To investigate the impacts of warming on cardiovascular oxygen transport, we compared the cardio-respiratory performance in an Antarctic notothenioid (Notothenia coriiceps) that was maintained at 0 or 5\u00b0C for 6.0-9.5 weeks. When compared at the fish\u0027s respective acclimation temperature, the oxygen consumption rate and cardiac output were significantly higher in 5\u00b0C-acclimated than 0\u00b0C-acclimated fish. The 2.7-fold elevation in cardiac output in 5\u00b0C-acclimated fish (17.4 vs. 6.5 ml min-1 kg-1) was predominantly due to a doubling of stroke volume, likely in response to increased cardiac preload, as measured by higher central venous pressure (0.15 vs. 0.08 kPa); tachycardia was minor (29.5 vs. 25.2 beats min-1). When fish were acutely warmed, oxygen consumption rate increased by similar amounts in 0\u00b0C- and 5\u00b0C-acclimated fish at equivalent test temperatures. In both acclimation groups, the increases in oxygen consumption rate during acute heating were supported by increased cardiac output achieved by elevating heart rate, while stroke volume changed relatively little. Cardiac output was similar between both acclimation groups until 12\u00b0C when cardiac output became significantly higher in 5\u00b0C-acclimated fish, driven largely by their higher stroke volume. Although cardiac arrhythmias developed at a similar temperature (~14.5\u00b0C) in both acclimation groups, the hearts of 5\u00b0C-acclimated fish continued to pump until significantly higher temperatures (CTmax for cardiac function 17.7 vs. 15.0\u00b0C for 0\u00b0C-acclimated fish). These results demonstrate that N. coriiceps is capable of increasing routine cardiac output during both acute and chronic warming, although the mechanisms are different (heart rate-dependent versus primarily stroke volume-dependent regulation, respectively). Cardiac performance was enhanced at higher temperatures following 5\u00b0C acclimation, suggesting cardiovascular function may not constrain the capacity of N. coriiceps to withstand a warming climate.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Joyce, William; Egginton, Stuart; Farrell, Anthony; Axelsson, Michael; Crockett, Elizabeth; O\u0027Brien, Kristin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Physiological and Biochemical Underpinnings of Thermal Tolerance in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010084", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Physiological and Biochemical Underpinnings of Thermal Tolerance in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Acclimation of cardiovascular function in Notothenia coriiceps", "uid": "601408", "west": null}, {"awards": "1341663 O\u0027Brien, Kristin; 1341602 Crockett, Elizabeth", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 18 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "We tested the hypothesis that blackfin icefish (Chaenocephalus aceratus), one of the six species in the family Channichthyidae (the icefishes) that do not express haemoglobin and myoglobin, lack regulatory cardiovascular flexibility during acute warming and activity. The experimental protocols were designed to optimize the surgical protocol and minimize stress. First, minimally invasive heart rate (fH) measurements were made during a thermal ramp until cardiac failure in C. aceratus and compared with those from the closely related red-blooded black rockcod (Notothenia coriiceps). Then, integrative cardiovascular adjustments were more extensively studied using flow probes and intravascular catheters in C. aceratus during acute warming (from 0 to 8\u00b0C) at rest and after imposed activity. Chaenocephalus aceratus had a lower routine fH than N. coriiceps (9 beats min-1 versus 14 beats min-1) and a lower peak fH during acute warming (38 beats min-1 versus 55 beats min-1) with a similar cardiac breakpoint temperature (13 and 14\u00b0C, respectively). Routine cardiac output (Q\u0307) for C. aceratus at \u223c0\u00b0C was much lower (26.6 ml min-1 kg-1) than previously reported, probably because fish in the present study had a low fH (12 beats min-1) indicative of a high routine vagal tone and low stress. Chaenocephalus aceratus increased oxygen consumption during acute warming and with activity. Correspondingly, Q\u0307 increased considerably (maximally 86.3 ml min-1 kg-1), as did vascular conductance (5-fold). Thus, unlike earlier suggestions, these data provide convincing evidence that icefish can mount a well-developed cardiovascular regulation of heart rate, cardiac output and vascular conductance, and this regulatory capacity provides flexibility during acute warming. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Fish", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Joyce, William; Farrell, Anthony; Axelsson, Michael; Egginton, Stuart; Crockett, Elizabeth; O\u0027Brien, Kristin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Physiological and Biochemical Underpinnings of Thermal Tolerance in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010084", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Physiological and Biochemical Underpinnings of Thermal Tolerance in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Effects of acute warming on cardiovascular performance of Antarctic fishes", "uid": "601410", "west": null}, {"awards": "1443105 Steig, Eric", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(180 -90)"], "date_created": "Wed, 28 Oct 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set provides the input and output data used in Kahle et al. 2020 to reconstruct climate variables at the South Pole. The files below include high resolution water isotopes, water isotope diffusion length, and various reconstructions of temperature, accumulation rate, and thinning function for the SPC14 ice core. An inverse approach was used to combine information from water isotope diffusion length, Dage, and annual-layer thickness to solve for temperature, accumulation rate, and thinning function. Corrections were applied to account for the advection of ice from upstream to yield estimates for the South Pole site. Updated data for Hires_Water_Isotopes_halfcm.txt is available at www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601429.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(180 -90)"], "keywords": "Accumulation; Antarctica; Diffusion Length; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Ice Dynamic; Layer Thinning; Oxygen Isotope; South Pole; SPICEcore; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; South Pole", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kahle, Emma; Steig, Eric J.; Jones, Tyler R.; Fudge, T. J.; Koutnik, Michelle; Morris, Valerie; Vaughn, Bruce; Schauer, Andrew; Stevens, Max; Conway, Howard; Waddington, Edwin D.; Buizert, Christo; Epifanio, Jenna; White, James", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: A 1500m Ice Core from South Pole; Collaborative Research: Record of the Triple-oxygen Isotope and Hydrogen Isotope Composition of Ice from an Ice Core at South Pole", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010060", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: A 1500m Ice Core from South Pole"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010065", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Record of the Triple-oxygen Isotope and Hydrogen Isotope Composition of Ice from an Ice Core at South Pole"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "Temperature, accumulation rate, and layer thinning from the South Pole ice core (SPC14)", "uid": "601396", "west": 180.0}, {"awards": "1745049 Tyler, Scott", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 43.0731,-153.05989 43.0731,-126.11978 43.0731,-99.17967 43.0731,-72.23956 43.0731,-45.29945 43.0731,-18.35934 43.0731,8.58077 43.0731,35.52088 43.0731,62.46099 43.0731,89.4011 43.0731,89.4011 43.07309,89.4011 43.07308,89.4011 43.07307,89.4011 43.07306,89.4011 43.07305,89.4011 43.07304,89.4011 43.07303,89.4011 43.07302,89.4011 43.07301,89.4011 43.073,62.46099 43.073,35.52088 43.073,8.58077 43.073,-18.35934 43.073,-45.29945 43.073,-72.23956 43.073,-99.17967 43.073,-126.11978 43.073,-153.05989 43.073,180 43.073,170.94012 43.073,161.88024 43.073,152.82036 43.073,143.76048 43.073,134.7006 43.073,125.64072 43.073,116.58084 43.073,107.52096 43.073,98.46108 43.073,89.4012 43.073,89.4012 43.07301,89.4012 43.07302,89.4012 43.07303,89.4012 43.07304,89.4012 43.07305,89.4012 43.07306,89.4012 43.07307,89.4012 43.07308,89.4012 43.07309,89.4012 43.0731,98.46108 43.0731,107.52096 43.0731,116.58084 43.0731,125.64072 43.0731,134.7006 43.0731,143.76048 43.0731,152.82036 43.0731,161.88024 43.0731,170.94012 43.0731,-180 43.0731))"], "date_created": "Mon, 03 Aug 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset consists of individual Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) traces taken during the first melt test of the Ice Diver drill. The data consists of header information about the instrument, time of sampling and follows with distance down the fiber, Stokes return, anti-Stokes return and estimated temperature in C. Each file represents a 30 second integration of return signals, and the spatial sampling of the fiber was 12.5 cm. Two channels are included and represent data from two individual multimode fibers within a stainless steel tube cable.", "east": 89.4011, "geometry": ["POINT(-90.59885 43.07305)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; North America; Temperature", "locations": "North America; Antarctica", "north": 43.0731, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Tyler, Scott W.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Toward Dense Observation of Geothermal Fluxes in Antarctica Via Logistically Light Instrument Deployment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010121", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Toward Dense Observation of Geothermal Fluxes in Antarctica Via Logistically Light Instrument Deployment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": 43.073, "title": "Ice Diver Madison Run #1 March 1, 2020", "uid": "601368", "west": 89.4012}, {"awards": "0338137 Anderson, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-76 -45.5,-75.2 -45.5,-74.4 -45.5,-73.6 -45.5,-72.8 -45.5,-72 -45.5,-71.2 -45.5,-70.4 -45.5,-69.6 -45.5,-68.8 -45.5,-68 -45.5,-68 -46.43,-68 -47.36,-68 -48.29,-68 -49.22,-68 -50.15,-68 -51.08,-68 -52.01,-68 -52.94,-68 -53.87,-68 -54.8,-68.8 -54.8,-69.6 -54.8,-70.4 -54.8,-71.2 -54.8,-72 -54.8,-72.8 -54.8,-73.6 -54.8,-74.4 -54.8,-75.2 -54.8,-76 -54.8,-76 -53.87,-76 -52.94,-76 -52.01,-76 -51.08,-76 -50.15,-76 -49.22,-76 -48.29,-76 -47.36,-76 -46.43,-76 -45.5))"], "date_created": "Fri, 17 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Raw CTD data from expedition NBP0505 collected with the Aanderaa and Seacat CTD systems", "east": -68.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-72 -50.15)"], "keywords": "Chile; CTD; CTD Data; Depth; Fjord; NBP0505; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; Temperature", "locations": "Chile", "north": -45.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Wellner, Julia; Anderson, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Controls on Sediment Yields from Tidewater Glaciers from Patagonia to Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000821", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Controls on Sediment Yields from Tidewater Glaciers from Patagonia to Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -54.8, "title": "NBP0505 CTD data", "uid": "601363", "west": -76.0}, {"awards": "1235094 Thurnherr, Andreas", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-14.5787 -21.1215)"], "date_created": "Thu, 02 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a Nortek Aquadopp Current Meter during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508 conducted in 2015 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Louis St.Laurent, Investigator: Dr. Andreas Thurnherr). These data files are of NetCDF format and include Current Measurement, Pressure and Temperature data that were processed after acquisition. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons. Funding was provided by NSF award(s): OCE12-35094.", "east": -14.5787, "geometry": ["POINT(-14.5787 -21.1215)"], "keywords": "CTD; CTD Data; Current Measurements; Current Meter; Mid-Ocean Ridge; Mooring; NBP1508; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Pressure; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; South Atlantic Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "South Atlantic Ocean", "north": -21.1215, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Thurnherr, Andreas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010114", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -21.1215, "title": "Processed Current Measurement, Pressure and Temperature Data from the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge Spreading acquired during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508 (2015)", "uid": "601353", "west": -14.5787}, {"awards": "1235094 Thurnherr, Andreas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-14.5787 -20.9223,-14.49208 -20.9223,-14.40546 -20.9223,-14.31884 -20.9223,-14.23222 -20.9223,-14.1456 -20.9223,-14.05898 -20.9223,-13.97236 -20.9223,-13.88574 -20.9223,-13.79912 -20.9223,-13.7125 -20.9223,-13.7125 -20.94222,-13.7125 -20.96214,-13.7125 -20.98206,-13.7125 -21.00198,-13.7125 -21.0219,-13.7125 -21.04182,-13.7125 -21.06174,-13.7125 -21.08166,-13.7125 -21.10158,-13.7125 -21.1215,-13.79912 -21.1215,-13.88574 -21.1215,-13.97236 -21.1215,-14.05898 -21.1215,-14.1456 -21.1215,-14.23222 -21.1215,-14.31884 -21.1215,-14.40546 -21.1215,-14.49208 -21.1215,-14.5787 -21.1215,-14.5787 -21.10158,-14.5787 -21.08166,-14.5787 -21.06174,-14.5787 -21.04182,-14.5787 -21.0219,-14.5787 -21.00198,-14.5787 -20.98206,-14.5787 -20.96214,-14.5787 -20.94222,-14.5787 -20.9223))"], "date_created": "Thu, 02 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a McLane Research Laboratories and Inc. MMP Mooring Profiler during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508 conducted in 2015 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Louis St.Laurent, Investigator: Dr. Andreas Thurnherr). These data files are of NetCDF format and include Current Measurement, Pressure, Salinity and Temperature data that were processed after acquisition. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons. Funding was provided by NSF award(s): OCE12-35094.", "east": -13.7125, "geometry": ["POINT(-14.1456 -21.0219)"], "keywords": "CTD; Mid-Ocean Ridge; Mooring; NBP1508; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Pressure; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; South Atlantic Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "South Atlantic Ocean", "north": -20.9223, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Thurnherr, Andreas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010114", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -21.1215, "title": "Processed Current Measurement, Pressure, Salinity and Temperature Data from the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge Spreading acquired during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508", "uid": "601352", "west": -14.5787}, {"awards": "0337159 McPhee, Miles", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-2 -62,-1 -62,0 -62,1 -62,2 -62,3 -62,4 -62,5 -62,6 -62,7 -62,8 -62,8 -62.42,8 -62.84,8 -63.26,8 -63.68,8 -64.1,8 -64.52,8 -64.94,8 -65.36,8 -65.78,8 -66.2,7 -66.2,6 -66.2,5 -66.2,4 -66.2,3 -66.2,2 -66.2,1 -66.2,0 -66.2,-1 -66.2,-2 -66.2,-2 -65.78,-2 -65.36,-2 -64.94,-2 -64.52,-2 -64.1,-2 -63.68,-2 -63.26,-2 -62.84,-2 -62.42,-2 -62))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a ADCP Sonar and CTD during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0506 conducted in 2005 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Miles McPhee). These data files are of MATLAB format and include Turbulence, Salinity, and Temperature data that have not been processed. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Maud rise Non-linear Equation of State Study, and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT03-37159.", "east": 8.0, "geometry": ["POINT(3 -64.1)"], "keywords": "ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler; Antarctica; CTD; Maud Rise; NBP0506; Physical Oceanography; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature; Turbulance; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea; Maud Rise; Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "McPhee, Miles G.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Maud Rise Nonlinear Equation of State Study (MaudNESS)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000579", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Maud Rise Nonlinear Equation of State Study (MaudNESS)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.2, "title": "Processed ADCP Sonar and CTD Data from the Maud Rise acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0506", "uid": "601342", "west": -2.0}, {"awards": "0538148 Huber, Bruce; 0839039 Kustka, Adam", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((172 -71,172.1 -71,172.2 -71,172.3 -71,172.4 -71,172.5 -71,172.6 -71,172.7 -71,172.8 -71,172.9 -71,173 -71,173 -71.1,173 -71.2,173 -71.3,173 -71.4,173 -71.5,173 -71.6,173 -71.7,173 -71.8,173 -71.9,173 -72,172.9 -72,172.8 -72,172.7 -72,172.6 -72,172.5 -72,172.4 -72,172.3 -72,172.2 -72,172.1 -72,172 -72,172 -71.9,172 -71.8,172 -71.7,172 -71.6,172 -71.5,172 -71.4,172 -71.3,172 -71.2,172 -71.1,172 -71))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a CurrentMeter during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1101 conducted in 2011 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Josh Kohut; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Temperature, Current Measurement, and Salinity data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Ross Sea Expedition, and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT08-39039.", "east": 173.0, "geometry": ["POINT(172.5 -71.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Mooring; NBP1101; Ross Sea; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -71.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Huber, Bruce; Gordon, Arnold", "project_titles": "Cape Adare Long-term Mooring (CALM); Collaborate Research:Modified Circumpolar Deep Water Intrusions as an Iron Source to the Summer Ross Sea Ecosystem", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000843", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborate Research:Modified Circumpolar Deep Water Intrusions as an Iron Source to the Summer Ross Sea Ecosystem"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000838", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Cape Adare Long-term Mooring (CALM)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -72.0, "title": "Processed CurrentMeter Data from the Adare Basin near Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1101 ", "uid": "601343", "west": 172.0}, {"awards": "0542456 Caron, David; 0538148 Huber, Bruce", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((169 -70.5,169.4 -70.5,169.8 -70.5,170.2 -70.5,170.6 -70.5,171 -70.5,171.4 -70.5,171.8 -70.5,172.2 -70.5,172.6 -70.5,173 -70.5,173 -70.65,173 -70.8,173 -70.95,173 -71.1,173 -71.25,173 -71.4,173 -71.55,173 -71.7,173 -71.85,173 -72,172.6 -72,172.2 -72,171.8 -72,171.4 -72,171 -72,170.6 -72,170.2 -72,169.8 -72,169.4 -72,169 -72,169 -71.85,169 -71.7,169 -71.55,169 -71.4,169 -71.25,169 -71.1,169 -70.95,169 -70.8,169 -70.65,169 -70.5))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a CurrentMeter during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0801 conducted in 2008 (Chief Scientist: Dr. David Caron; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement, Salinity, and Temperature data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Cape Adare Long-term Mooring (CALM) and Collaborative Research:Do crustacean zooplankton play a pivotal role in structuring heterotrophic plankton communities., and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT05-38148 and ANT05-42456.", "east": 173.0, "geometry": ["POINT(171 -71.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cape Adare; Mooring; NBP0801; Physical Oceanography; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Cape Adare; Ross Sea; Ross Sea; Cape Adare; Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -70.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Huber, Bruce; Gordon, Arnold", "project_titles": "Cape Adare Long-term Mooring (CALM); Collaborative Research: Do Crustacean Zooplankton Play a Pivotal Role in Structuring Heterotrophic Plankton Communities in the Ross Sea?", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000520", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Do Crustacean Zooplankton Play a Pivotal Role in Structuring Heterotrophic Plankton Communities in the Ross Sea?"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000838", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Cape Adare Long-term Mooring (CALM)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -72.0, "title": "Processed CurrentMeter Data from the Ross Sea near Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0801", "uid": "601344", "west": 169.0}, {"awards": "0732467 Domack, Eugene; 0732651 Gordon, Arnold", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-68 -60,-66.7 -60,-65.4 -60,-64.1 -60,-62.8 -60,-61.5 -60,-60.2 -60,-58.9 -60,-57.6 -60,-56.3 -60,-55 -60,-55 -60.6,-55 -61.2,-55 -61.8,-55 -62.4,-55 -63,-55 -63.6,-55 -64.2,-55 -64.8,-55 -65.4,-55 -66,-56.3 -66,-57.6 -66,-58.9 -66,-60.2 -66,-61.5 -66,-62.8 -66,-64.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-66.7 -66,-68 -66,-68 -65.4,-68 -64.8,-68 -64.2,-68 -63.6,-68 -63,-68 -62.4,-68 -61.8,-68 -61.2,-68 -60.6,-68 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a Sea-Bird SBE 9Plus CTD during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001 conducted in 2010 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Eugene Domack; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Temperature, Current Measurement, and Salinity data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the LARsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA), and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT07-32467.", "east": -55.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-61.5 -63)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; CTD; CTD Data; LARISSA; Larsen Ice Shelf; NBP1001; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica; Larsen Ice Shelf", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Huber, Bruce; Gordon, Arnold", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans; Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine and Quaternary Geosciences", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000841", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine and Quaternary Geosciences"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -66.0, "title": "Processed CTD Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf in Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001", "uid": "601345", "west": -68.0}, {"awards": "1141890 Huber, Bruce; 0732651 Gordon, Arnold", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-63 -60,-62.2 -60,-61.4 -60,-60.6 -60,-59.8 -60,-59 -60,-58.2 -60,-57.4 -60,-56.6 -60,-55.8 -60,-55 -60,-55 -60.5,-55 -61,-55 -61.5,-55 -62,-55 -62.5,-55 -63,-55 -63.5,-55 -64,-55 -64.5,-55 -65,-55.8 -65,-56.6 -65,-57.4 -65,-58.2 -65,-59 -65,-59.8 -65,-60.6 -65,-61.4 -65,-62.2 -65,-63 -65,-63 -64.5,-63 -64,-63 -63.5,-63 -63,-63 -62.5,-63 -62,-63 -61.5,-63 -61,-63 -60.5,-63 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a Sea-Bird SBE 9Plus CTD during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203 conducted in 2012 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Maria Vernet; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement, Salinity, and Temperature data and were processed after data collection. Funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT11-41890.", "east": -55.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-59 -62.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; CTD; CTD Data; LARISSA; Larsen Ice Shelf; NBP1203; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Larsen Ice Shelf", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Huber, Bruce; Gordon, Arnold", "project_titles": "Cape Adare Long Term Moorings (CALM): Analysis Phase; Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000495", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Cape Adare Long Term Moorings (CALM): Analysis Phase"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Processed CTD Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf near Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203", "uid": "601348", "west": -63.0}, {"awards": "0632282 Jacobs, Stanley", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-130 -64,-126.5 -64,-123 -64,-119.5 -64,-116 -64,-112.5 -64,-109 -64,-105.5 -64,-102 -64,-98.5 -64,-95 -64,-95 -65.15,-95 -66.3,-95 -67.45,-95 -68.6,-95 -69.75,-95 -70.9,-95 -72.05,-95 -73.2,-95 -74.35,-95 -75.5,-98.5 -75.5,-102 -75.5,-105.5 -75.5,-109 -75.5,-112.5 -75.5,-116 -75.5,-119.5 -75.5,-123 -75.5,-126.5 -75.5,-130 -75.5,-130 -74.35,-130 -73.2,-130 -72.05,-130 -70.9,-130 -69.75,-130 -68.6,-130 -67.45,-130 -66.3,-130 -65.15,-130 -64))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was derived from data acquired during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0901 conducted in 2009 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Stan Jacobs; Investigator(s): Dr. Stan Jacobs and Dr. Bruce Huber). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement, Salinity, and Temperature data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise, Shedding dynamic light on iron limitation: The interplay of iron limitation and dynamic irradiance conditions in governing the phytoplankton distribution in the Ross Sea, and Collaborative Research: Sampling the ocean - sea ice interaction in the Pacific center of the Antarctic Dipole, and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): OPP06-32282.", "east": -95.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.5 -69.75)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctic; Antarctica; CTD; CTD Data; Current Measurements; NBP0901; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Pine Island Bay; Pine Island Glacier; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic; Southern Ocean; Pine Island Glacier; Pine Island Bay; Amundsen Sea", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Huber, Bruce; Jacobs, Stanley", "project_titles": "Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise - IPY/ASEP", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000332", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise - IPY/ASEP"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -75.5, "title": "Processed Temperature, Salinity, and Current Measurement Data from the Amundsen Sea acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0901", "uid": "601350", "west": -130.0}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Wed, 20 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Temperature mesaurements from 10-meter depth in drill holes, dating back prior to 1956 and the International Geophysical Year, including measurements from several major recent surveys. Data cover the entire continental ice sheet and several ice shelves, but coverage density is generally low. For more information, please see the notes available for each 10-meter data set, and the list of related publications. The deeper drill-hole temperature data collection also covers a large portion of the ice sheet. The time frame covered by this collection is 1949-1979.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Firn Temperature Measurements", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Scambos, Ted", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Compilation of ice temperature measurements at 10 m depth from international traverses 1957-1996.", "uid": "601325", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Wed, 20 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Shallow firn temperature records made at the Byrd, Ellesworth, Wilkes and South Pole sites during the International Geophysical Year (1957-58). Depths of measurements range from the surface to as deep as 16m, on intervals of 0.5m to 8m. Time intervals of measurements vary from one day to one month. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Firn Temperature Measurements", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Goldthwait, Richard, P; Pirrit, John; Hollin, John; Giovineto, Mario", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Shallow firn temperature records", "uid": "601324", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-168.626 -82.375)"], "date_created": "Tue, 05 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Ross Ice Shelf Project (RISP) began in 1973, and lasted six field seasons. One of the primary goals for RISP was to drill a hole through the Ross Ice Shelf in order to study the ice, the ocean, and the ocean floor beneath the ice shelf. In late November 1974, during the second field season, the camp at J-9 (82.375S, 168.626W) was established, and this site was chosen for future deep core drilling.\r\nThis datset records ice shelf and sub-ice shelf temperature profiles taken between 1974 and 1977 at the J9 drill site in The Ross Ice Shelf. ", "east": -168.626, "geometry": ["POINT(-168.626 -82.375)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Ross Ice Shelf", "locations": "Antarctica; Ross Ice Shelf", "north": -82.375, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Clough, John", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -82.375, "title": "J-9 Drill Hole Temperatures", "uid": "601316", "west": -168.626}, {"awards": "1043623 Miller, Scott", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -57,-169.5 -57,-159 -57,-148.5 -57,-138 -57,-127.5 -57,-117 -57,-106.5 -57,-96 -57,-85.5 -57,-75 -57,-75 -59.1,-75 -61.2,-75 -63.3,-75 -65.4,-75 -67.5,-75 -69.6,-75 -71.7,-75 -73.8,-75 -75.9,-75 -78,-85.5 -78,-96 -78,-106.5 -78,-117 -78,-127.5 -78,-138 -78,-148.5 -78,-159 -78,-169.5 -78,180 -78,178.3 -78,176.6 -78,174.9 -78,173.2 -78,171.5 -78,169.8 -78,168.1 -78,166.4 -78,164.7 -78,163 -78,163 -75.9,163 -73.8,163 -71.7,163 -69.6,163 -67.5,163 -65.4,163 -63.3,163 -61.2,163 -59.1,163 -57,164.7 -57,166.4 -57,168.1 -57,169.8 -57,171.5 -57,173.2 -57,174.9 -57,176.6 -57,178.3 -57,-180 -57))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains meteorological and air-sea flux data (momentum, heat, and CO2 fluxes; CO2 gas transfer velocity) collected during the the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1210 conducted in 2013. The files are of XLS format", "east": -75.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-136 -67.5)"], "keywords": "Air-Sea Flux; Air Temperature; Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Atmosphere; CO2; Flux; Meteorology; NBP1210; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Southern Ocean; Water Temperature; Wind Direction; Wind Speed", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Amundsen Sea; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -57.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Miller, Scott; Butterworth, Brian", "project_titles": "Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010137", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Eddy covariance air-sea momentum, heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes in the Southern Ocean from the N.B. Palmer cruise NBP1210", "uid": "601309", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "1043623 Miller, Scott", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((117.5 -47,120.35 -47,123.2 -47,126.05 -47,128.9 -47,131.75 -47,134.6 -47,137.45 -47,140.3 -47,143.15 -47,146 -47,146 -49.04,146 -51.08,146 -53.12,146 -55.16,146 -57.2,146 -59.24,146 -61.28,146 -63.32,146 -65.36,146 -67.4,143.15 -67.4,140.3 -67.4,137.45 -67.4,134.6 -67.4,131.75 -67.4,128.9 -67.4,126.05 -67.4,123.2 -67.4,120.35 -67.4,117.5 -67.4,117.5 -65.36,117.5 -63.32,117.5 -61.28,117.5 -59.24,117.5 -57.2,117.5 -55.16,117.5 -53.12,117.5 -51.08,117.5 -49.04,117.5 -47))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains meteorological and air-sea flux data (momentum, heat, and CO2 fluxes; CO2 gas transfer velocity) collected during the the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1402 conducted in 2014. The files are of XLS format.", "east": 146.0, "geometry": ["POINT(131.75 -57.2)"], "keywords": "Air-Sea Flux; Air Temperature; Antarctica; Atmosphere; CO2; CO2 Concentrations; East Antarctica; Flux; Meteorology; NBP1402; Oceans; Relative Humidity; Salinity; Totten Glacier; Water Measurements; Water Temperature; Weather Station Data; Wind Direction; Wind Speed", "locations": "Totten Glacier; East Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -47.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Miller, Scott; Butterworth, Brian", "project_titles": "Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010137", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.4, "title": "Eddy covariance air-sea momentum, heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes in the Southern Ocean from the N.B. Palmer cruise NBP1402", "uid": "601308", "west": 117.5}, {"awards": "0231006 DeVries, Arthur; 1142158 Cheng, Chi-Hing", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -76.5,163.5 -76.5,164 -76.5,164.5 -76.5,165 -76.5,165.5 -76.5,166 -76.5,166.5 -76.5,167 -76.5,167.5 -76.5,168 -76.5,168 -76.63,168 -76.76,168 -76.89,168 -77.02,168 -77.15,168 -77.28,168 -77.41,168 -77.54,168 -77.67,168 -77.8,167.5 -77.8,167 -77.8,166.5 -77.8,166 -77.8,165.5 -77.8,165 -77.8,164.5 -77.8,164 -77.8,163.5 -77.8,163 -77.8,163 -77.67,163 -77.54,163 -77.41,163 -77.28,163 -77.15,163 -77.02,163 -76.89,163 -76.76,163 -76.63,163 -76.5))"], "date_created": "Wed, 08 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Benthic seawater temperature (within 10cm of the bottom) from near the McMurdo Station, Ross Island, Antarctica saltwater intake jetty. Data collected at two nearby locations: On muddy bottom at base of artificial rock jetty (~25m depth), and ~50m west of the Jetty in sponge/spicule mat habitat (~40m depth).", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165.5 -77.15)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic; McMurdo Sound; Mcmurdo Station; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Temperature Probe; Water Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; McMurdo Sound", "north": -76.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Cheng, Chi-Hing; Cziko, Paul; Devries, Arthur", "project_titles": "Antarctic Notothenioid Fish Freeze Avoidance and Genome-wide Evolution for Life in the Cold", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010091", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Notothenioid Fish Freeze Avoidance and Genome-wide Evolution for Life in the Cold"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8, "title": "High-resolution benthic seawater temperature record 1999-2012 (25-40m depth) from near intake jetty at McMurdo Station, Antarctica", "uid": "601275", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "1443471 Koutnik, Michelle", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-98.16 -89.99)"], "date_created": "Wed, 25 Mar 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore), which spans the past 54,300 years, was drilled far from an ice divide such that ice recovered at depth originated upstream of the core site. If the climate is different upstream, the climate history recovered from the core will be a combination of the upstream conditions advected to the core site and temporal changes. Here, we evaluate the impact of ice advection on two fundamental records from SPICEcore: accumulation rate and water isotopes. We determined past locations of ice deposition based on GPS measurements of the modern velocity field spanning 100 km upstream, where ice of ~20 ka age would likely have originated. Beyond 100 km, there are no velocity measurements, but ice likely originates from Titan Dome, an additional 90 km distant. Shallow radar measurements extending 100 km upstream from the core site reveal large (~20%) variations in accumulation but no significant trend. Water isotope ratios, measured at 12.5 km intervals for the first 100 km of the flowline, show a decrease with elevation of -0.008\u2030 m-1 for \u03b418O. Advection adds approximately 1\u2030 for \u03b418O to the LGM-to-modern change. We also use an existing ensemble of continental ice-sheet model runs to assess the ice sheet elevation change through time. The magnitude of elevation change is likely small and the sign uncertain. Assuming a lapse rate of 10\u00b0C per km of elevation, the inference of LGM-to-modern temperature change is ~1.4\u00b0C smaller than if the flow from upstream is not considered. ", "east": -98.16, "geometry": ["POINT(-98.16 -89.99)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Ice Core Data; South Pole; SPICEcore", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -89.99, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Fudge, T. J.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000200", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -89.99, "title": "SPICEcore Advection", "uid": "601266", "west": -98.16}, {"awards": "1543256 Shuster, David", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-66.80688 -67.420674,-66.732895 -67.420674,-66.65891 -67.420674,-66.584925 -67.420674,-66.51094 -67.420674,-66.436955 -67.420674,-66.36297 -67.420674,-66.288985 -67.420674,-66.215 -67.420674,-66.141015 -67.420674,-66.06703 -67.420674,-66.06703 -67.4542151,-66.06703 -67.4877562,-66.06703 -67.5212973,-66.06703 -67.5548384,-66.06703 -67.5883795,-66.06703 -67.6219206,-66.06703 -67.6554617,-66.06703 -67.6890028,-66.06703 -67.7225439,-66.06703 -67.756085,-66.141015 -67.756085,-66.215 -67.756085,-66.288985 -67.756085,-66.36297 -67.756085,-66.436955 -67.756085,-66.51094 -67.756085,-66.584925 -67.756085,-66.65891 -67.756085,-66.732895 -67.756085,-66.80688 -67.756085,-66.80688 -67.7225439,-66.80688 -67.6890028,-66.80688 -67.6554617,-66.80688 -67.6219206,-66.80688 -67.5883795,-66.80688 -67.5548384,-66.80688 -67.5212973,-66.80688 -67.4877562,-66.80688 -67.4542151,-66.80688 -67.420674))"], "date_created": "Thu, 27 Feb 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains 80 detrital and 2 bedrock apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometric ages from Bourgeois Fjord. Data was collected to constrain timing and patterns of topographic change at Bourgeois Fjord on Ma timescales. Analyses were conducted at the Berkeley Geochronology Center and presented in Microsoft Excel formats.", "east": -66.06703, "geometry": ["POINT(-66.436955 -67.5883795)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -67.420674, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Clinger, Anna", "project_titles": "Antarctic Peninsula Exhumation and Landscape Development Investigated by Low-Temperature Detrital Thermochronometry", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000876", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Peninsula Exhumation and Landscape Development Investigated by Low-Temperature Detrital Thermochronometry"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.756085, "title": "Detrital low-temperature thermochronometry from Bourgeois Fjord, AP", "uid": "601259", "west": -66.80688}, {"awards": "0839059 Powell, Ross", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -80,-174 -80,-168 -80,-162 -80,-156 -80,-150 -80,-144 -80,-138 -80,-132 -80,-126 -80,-120 -80,-120 -80.5,-120 -81,-120 -81.5,-120 -82,-120 -82.5,-120 -83,-120 -83.5,-120 -84,-120 -84.5,-120 -85,-126 -85,-132 -85,-138 -85,-144 -85,-150 -85,-156 -85,-162 -85,-168 -85,-174 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -84.5,180 -84,180 -83.5,180 -83,180 -82.5,180 -82,180 -81.5,180 -81,180 -80.5,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,-180 -80))"], "date_created": "Thu, 19 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes biomarker data presented in Paleogene marine and terrestrial development of the West Antarctic Rift System. Included in the alkane sheet are the Terrestrial/aquatic (T/A) n-alkane ratio, total long (C27-C33)- and mid-chain (C23 and C25) n-alkane concentrations in units of ng alkanes per g sediment extracted, and the n-alkane average chain-length (ACL). Included in the glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) sheet are the TEX86 sea surface temperature estimates with multiple calibrations discussed in the text, the MBT\u20195ME mean annual air temperature estimates, the branched and isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index. ", "east": -120.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-150 -82.5)"], "keywords": "ACL; Antarctica; Biomarker; BIT Index; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Stream; Whillans Ice Stream; WISSARD", "locations": "Antarctica; Whillans Ice Stream", "north": -80.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Coenen, Jason; Casta\u00f1eda, Isla; Warny, Sophie; Baudoin, Patrick; Scherer, Reed Paul; Askin, Rosemary", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000105", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WISSARD", "south": -85.0, "title": "Paleogene marine and terrestrial development of the West Antarctic Rift System: Biomarker Data Set", "uid": "601234", "west": 180.0}, {"awards": "1443464 Sowers, Todd", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(0 -90)"], "date_created": "Wed, 11 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The total air content in ice core samples are a fundamental indication of the multitude of processes that impact densification of snow in polar regions. In addition, variations in the elevation of the ice sheet directly control the pressure in the bubble close off region and thereby the total gas content. Attempts to remove the physical factors (temperature, accumulation rate, dust content, seasonality) impacting the total air content could provide a means of assessing variations in the elevation of the South Pole over the last 50,000 years.", "east": 0.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -90)"], "keywords": "Air Content; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Records; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; South Pole; SPICEcore", "locations": "Antarctica; South Pole", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Sowers, Todd A.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Inert Gas and Methane Based Climate Records throughout the South Pole Deep Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010005", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Inert Gas and Methane Based Climate Records throughout the South Pole Deep Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "South Pole ice core total air content", "uid": "601231", "west": 0.0}, {"awards": "1043528 Alley, Richard; 0539578 Alley, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.3 -79.43333333)"], "date_created": "Tue, 12 Nov 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes the fully updated (2017) bubble number-density measured at depths from 120 meters down to 1600 meters at 20-meter intervals in both horizontal and vertical samples. The data set also includes modeled temperature reconstructions based on the model developed by Spencer and others (2006) and Fegyveresi and others (2011). Data also includes tabs for bubble size and shape data.", "east": -112.3, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.3 -79.43333333)"], "keywords": "Antarctic; Antarctica; Bubble Number Density; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Records; NSF-ICF Microtome and Photography Stage; Paleoclimate; Physical Properties; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; WAIS Divide Ice Core; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica; Antarctic", "north": -79.43333333, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Fegyveresi, John; Alley, Richard; Spencer, Matthew; Fitzpatrick, Joan; Voigt, Donald E.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Continued Study of Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core; Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000038", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000027", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Continued Study of Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.43333333, "title": "Updated (2017) bubble number-density, size, shape, and modeled paleoclimate data", "uid": "601224", "west": -112.3}, {"awards": "1246148 Severinghaus, Jeffrey; 1245821 Brook, Edward J.; 1245659 Petrenko, Vasilii", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((123.3 -75.1,127.138 -75.1,130.976 -75.1,134.814 -75.1,138.652 -75.1,142.49 -75.1,146.328 -75.1,150.166 -75.1,154.004 -75.1,157.842 -75.1,161.68 -75.1,161.68 -75.367,161.68 -75.634,161.68 -75.901,161.68 -76.168,161.68 -76.435,161.68 -76.702,161.68 -76.969,161.68 -77.236,161.68 -77.503,161.68 -77.77,157.842 -77.77,154.004 -77.77,150.166 -77.77,146.328 -77.77,142.49 -77.77,138.652 -77.77,134.814 -77.77,130.976 -77.77,127.138 -77.77,123.3 -77.77,123.3 -77.503,123.3 -77.236,123.3 -76.969,123.3 -76.702,123.3 -76.435,123.3 -76.168,123.3 -75.901,123.3 -75.634,123.3 -75.367,123.3 -75.1))"], "date_created": "Fri, 18 Oct 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Noble gas data from Taylor Glacier and EPICA Dome C (EDC) for mean ocean temperature reconstruction during the Last Interglacial. Also includes trace gas measurements of d18Oatm, CO2, and CH4 from Taylor Glacier from chronology construction. ", "east": 161.68, "geometry": ["POINT(142.49 -76.435)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon-14; Carbon Dioxide; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; CO2; Dome C Ice Core; Epica; Epica Dome C; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice; Ice Core Chemistry; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Gas Records; Ice Core Records; Isotope Data; Last Interglacial; Mass Spectrometer; Mass Spectrometry; Methane; Oxygen; Oxygen Isotope; Paleotemperature; Pleistocene; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Taylor Dome Ice Core; Taylor Glacier", "locations": "Epica Dome C; Antarctica; Taylor Glacier", "north": -75.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Shackleton, Sarah", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000283", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Taylor Dome Ice Core; Dome C Ice Core", "south": -77.77, "title": "Last Interglacial Mean Ocean Temperature", "uid": "601218", "west": 123.3}, {"awards": "1543229 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 02 Aug 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data comprises a survey of Recent ice from multiple sites in Antarctica using shallow ice cores to examine noble gas values in ice that nominally has the same Mean Ocean Temperature as today. The goal is to elucidate fractionation that occurs in the firn before air is trapped in bubbles in the ice, by making the assumption that the atmosphere noble gas content has not changed since this air was trappped. The ages of the air samples are typically early Industrial Revolution or late Holocene.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Data; Krypton; Noble Gas; Xenon", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Shackleton, Sarah", "project_titles": "Collaborative research: Kr-86 as a proxy for barometric pressure variability and movement of the SH westerlies during the last\r\ndeglaciation", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010037", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: Kr-86 as a proxy for barometric pressure variability and movement of the SH westerlies during the last\r\ndeglaciation"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Noble Gas Data from recent ice in Antarctica for 86Kr problem", "uid": "601195", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1341606 Stammerjohn, Sharon", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -71.088,-179.7593 -71.088,-179.5186 -71.088,-179.2779 -71.088,-179.0372 -71.088,-178.7965 -71.088,-178.5558 -71.088,-178.3151 -71.088,-178.0744 -71.088,-177.8337 -71.088,-177.593 -71.088,-177.593 -71.5318,-177.593 -71.9756,-177.593 -72.4194,-177.593 -72.8632,-177.593 -73.307,-177.593 -73.7508,-177.593 -74.1946,-177.593 -74.6384,-177.593 -75.0822,-177.593 -75.526,-177.8337 -75.526,-178.0744 -75.526,-178.3151 -75.526,-178.5558 -75.526,-178.7965 -75.526,-179.0372 -75.526,-179.2779 -75.526,-179.5186 -75.526,-179.7593 -75.526,180 -75.526,179.1926 -75.526,178.3852 -75.526,177.5778 -75.526,176.7704 -75.526,175.963 -75.526,175.1556 -75.526,174.3482 -75.526,173.5408 -75.526,172.7334 -75.526,171.926 -75.526,171.926 -75.0822,171.926 -74.6384,171.926 -74.1946,171.926 -73.7508,171.926 -73.307,171.926 -72.8632,171.926 -72.4194,171.926 -71.9756,171.926 -71.5318,171.926 -71.088,172.7334 -71.088,173.5408 -71.088,174.3482 -71.088,175.1556 -71.088,175.963 -71.088,176.7704 -71.088,177.5778 -71.088,178.3852 -71.088,179.1926 -71.088,-180 -71.088))"], "date_created": "Wed, 10 Jul 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric boundary layer temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind profile data collected with the Small Unmanned Meteorological Observer (SUMO) unmanned aerial system (UAS) during the NBP1704 PIPERS cruise.\r\n", "east": -177.593, "geometry": ["POINT(177.1665 -73.307)"], "keywords": "Air Temperature; Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; NBP1704; PIPERS; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Southern Ocean; Temperature Profiles; UAV; Unmanned Aircraft", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -71.088, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Cassano, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -75.526, "title": "SUMO unmanned aerial system (UAS) atmospheric data", "uid": "601191", "west": 171.926}, {"awards": "1341725 Guest, Peter", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -62,-179.5 -62,-179 -62,-178.5 -62,-178 -62,-177.5 -62,-177 -62,-176.5 -62,-176 -62,-175.5 -62,-175 -62,-175 -63.6,-175 -65.2,-175 -66.8,-175 -68.4,-175 -70,-175 -71.6,-175 -73.2,-175 -74.8,-175 -76.4,-175 -78,-175.5 -78,-176 -78,-176.5 -78,-177 -78,-177.5 -78,-178 -78,-178.5 -78,-179 -78,-179.5 -78,180 -78,178.8 -78,177.6 -78,176.4 -78,175.2 -78,174 -78,172.8 -78,171.6 -78,170.4 -78,169.2 -78,168 -78,168 -76.4,168 -74.8,168 -73.2,168 -71.6,168 -70,168 -68.4,168 -66.8,168 -65.2,168 -63.6,168 -62,169.2 -62,170.4 -62,171.6 -62,172.8 -62,174 -62,175.2 -62,176.4 -62,177.6 -62,178.8 -62,-180 -62))"], "date_created": "Wed, 12 Jun 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This file contains rawinsonde data from 134 rawisnonde soundings performed during the 2017 PIPERS cruise for the period 14 April 2330 \u2013 5 June 1130 (UT). ", "east": -175.0, "geometry": ["POINT(176.5 -70)"], "keywords": "Air Temperature; Antarctica; Atmosphere; Atmospheric Surface Winds; Meteorology; NBP1704; PIPERS; Pressure; Radiosonde; Rawinsonde; Relative Humidity; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. 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", "east": -175.0, "geometry": ["POINT(176.5 -70)"], "keywords": "Air Temperature; Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Near-Surface Air Temperatures; PIPERS; Radiation; Sea Ice Temperatures; Temperature; Weather Station Data; Wind Direction; Wind Speed", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Guest, Peter", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "PIPERS Meteorology Time Series", "uid": "601184", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "1245821 Brook, Edward J.; 1246148 Severinghaus, Jeffrey; 1245659 Petrenko, Vasilii; 0739766 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161.68 -77.73,161.7 -77.73,161.72 -77.73,161.74 -77.73,161.76 -77.73,161.78 -77.73,161.8 -77.73,161.82 -77.73,161.84 -77.73,161.86 -77.73,161.88 -77.73,161.88 -77.734,161.88 -77.738,161.88 -77.742,161.88 -77.746,161.88 -77.75,161.88 -77.754,161.88 -77.758,161.88 -77.762,161.88 -77.766,161.88 -77.77,161.86 -77.77,161.84 -77.77,161.82 -77.77,161.8 -77.77,161.78 -77.77,161.76 -77.77,161.74 -77.77,161.72 -77.77,161.7 -77.77,161.68 -77.77,161.68 -77.766,161.68 -77.762,161.68 -77.758,161.68 -77.754,161.68 -77.75,161.68 -77.746,161.68 -77.742,161.68 -77.738,161.68 -77.734,161.68 -77.73))"], "date_created": "Tue, 23 Apr 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Noble gas data from Taylor Glacier for mean ocean temperature reconstruction during the Younger Dryas. Also includes field measurements of methane and standard deviations of replicate CO2 measurements from WAIS Divide. 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Atmosphere; Climate Model; Computer Model; Eocene; Genesis; Global Circulation Model; Modeling; Model Output; Seasonality; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Judd, Emily", "project_titles": "Seasonality, Summer Cooling, and Calibrating the Approach of the Icehouse in Late Eocene Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010025", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Seasonality, Summer Cooling, and Calibrating the Approach of the Icehouse in Late Eocene Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "NetCDF outputs from middle Eocene climate simulation using the GENESIS global circulation model", "uid": "601175", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1543031 Ivany, Linda", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-57 -64,-56.9 -64,-56.8 -64,-56.7 -64,-56.6 -64,-56.5 -64,-56.4 -64,-56.3 -64,-56.2 -64,-56.1 -64,-56 -64,-56 -64.05,-56 -64.1,-56 -64.15,-56 -64.2,-56 -64.25,-56 -64.3,-56 -64.35,-56 -64.4,-56 -64.45,-56 -64.5,-56.1 -64.5,-56.2 -64.5,-56.3 -64.5,-56.4 -64.5,-56.5 -64.5,-56.6 -64.5,-56.7 -64.5,-56.8 -64.5,-56.9 -64.5,-57 -64.5,-57 -64.45,-57 -64.4,-57 -64.35,-57 -64.3,-57 -64.25,-57 -64.2,-57 -64.15,-57 -64.1,-57 -64.05,-57 -64))"], "date_created": "Mon, 22 Apr 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Serially-sampled high-resolution oxygen isotope data from middle Eocene (~42 Ma) bivalves preserved within the La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctica.", "east": -56.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-56.5 -64.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Bivalves; Cucullaea; Eocene; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Isotope Data; La Meseta Formation; Mass Spectrometer; Mass Spectrometry; Oxygen Isotope; Paleotemperature; Retrotapes; Seasonality; Seymour Island", "locations": "Seymour Island; Antarctica; La Meseta Formation", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Judd, Emily", "project_titles": "Seasonality, Summer Cooling, and Calibrating the Approach of the Icehouse in Late Eocene Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010025", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Seasonality, Summer Cooling, and Calibrating the Approach of the Icehouse in Late Eocene Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.5, "title": "Oxygen isotope data from serially sampled Eocene bivalves from the La Meseta Fm., Seymour Island, Antarctica", "uid": "601174", "west": -57.0}, {"awards": "1144177 Pettit, Erin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161.8 -77.7,161.88 -77.7,161.96 -77.7,162.04 -77.7,162.12 -77.7,162.2 -77.7,162.28 -77.7,162.36 -77.7,162.44 -77.7,162.52 -77.7,162.6 -77.7,162.6 -77.707,162.6 -77.714,162.6 -77.721,162.6 -77.728,162.6 -77.735,162.6 -77.742,162.6 -77.749,162.6 -77.756,162.6 -77.763,162.6 -77.77,162.52 -77.77,162.44 -77.77,162.36 -77.77,162.28 -77.77,162.2 -77.77,162.12 -77.77,162.04 -77.77,161.96 -77.77,161.88 -77.77,161.8 -77.77,161.8 -77.763,161.8 -77.756,161.8 -77.749,161.8 -77.742,161.8 -77.735,161.8 -77.728,161.8 -77.721,161.8 -77.714,161.8 -77.707,161.8 -77.7))"], "date_created": "Mon, 18 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains a short term integrated met station deployed about 300m from Blood Falls at the site of the FLIR and Time Lapse cameras.", "east": 162.6, "geometry": ["POINT(162.2 -77.735)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Basal Crevassing; Glacier Hydrology; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Meteorology; Taylor Glacier; Temperature; Weather Station Data; Wind Speed", "locations": "Antarctica; Taylor Glacier", "north": -77.7, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Pettit, Erin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: MIDGE: Minimally Invasive Direct Glacial Exploration of Biogeochemistry, Hydrology and Glaciology of Blood Falls, McMurdo Dry Valleys", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000002", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: MIDGE: Minimally Invasive Direct Glacial Exploration of Biogeochemistry, Hydrology and Glaciology of Blood Falls, McMurdo Dry Valleys"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.77, "title": "Vaisala Integrated Met Station near Blood Falls, Taylor Glacier", "uid": "601168", "west": 161.8}, {"awards": "1041022 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Wed, 13 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Response time data for snails escaping from predatory sea stars", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthos; Biota; Oceans; Snail; Southern Ocean; Visual Observations", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Schram, Julie; Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000426", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Response time data for snails escaping from predatory sea stars", "uid": "601162", "west": null}, {"awards": "9725024 Jacobs, Stanley; 9909374 Fairbanks, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((140 -65.5,141 -65.5,142 -65.5,143 -65.5,144 -65.5,145 -65.5,146 -65.5,147 -65.5,148 -65.5,149 -65.5,150 -65.5,150 -65.75,150 -66,150 -66.25,150 -66.5,150 -66.75,150 -67,150 -67.25,150 -67.5,150 -67.75,150 -68,149 -68,148 -68,147 -68,146 -68,145 -68,144 -68,143 -68,142 -68,141 -68,140 -68,140 -67.75,140 -67.5,140 -67.25,140 -67,140 -66.75,140 -66.5,140 -66.25,140 -66,140 -65.75,140 -65.5))"], "date_created": "Mon, 11 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Summer Oceanographic Measurements near the Mertz Polynya (140-150E) on NB Palmer Cruise 00-08. These are processed, high resolution CTD and bottle data files; Standard level listings and station listings and plots.", "east": 150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(145 -66.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CTD; CTD Data; Mertz Polynya; NBP0008; Oceans; Oxygen; Physical Oceanography; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Mertz Polynya; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -65.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Jacobs, Stanley; Mele, Phil; Mortlock, R. A.; Smethie, William M", "project_titles": "Circumpolar Deep Water and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Shelf and Bottom Water Formation Near East Antarctic Polynyas and Glaciers", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000612", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Shelf and Bottom Water Formation Near East Antarctic Polynyas and Glaciers"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000815", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Circumpolar Deep Water and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.0, "title": "Summer Oceanographic Measurements near the Mertz Polynya NBP0008", "uid": "601161", "west": 140.0}, {"awards": "1341485 Woods, H. Arthur", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.666 -77.8499966)"], "date_created": "Sun, 06 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Data used in Lane, SJ, CM Shishido, AL Moran, BW Tobalske, CP Arango, HA Woods (2017) Upper limits to body size imposed by respiratory-structural trade-offs in Antarctic pycnogonids. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 284, No. 1865, p. 20171779, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1779. File includes data on species identification, body mass, leg dimensions, oxygen gradients across the cuticle, and metabolic rate. ", "east": 166.666, "geometry": ["POINT(166.666 -77.8499966)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Body Size; Cuticle; Metabolic Rate; Oxygen; Polar Gigantism; Respiration; Size Limits; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -77.8499966, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Lane, Steven J.; Moran, Amy; Shishido, Caitlin; Woods, H. Arthur", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Body Size, Oxygen, and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Antarctic Pycnogonida", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000007", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Body Size, Oxygen, and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Antarctic Pycnogonida"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8499966, "title": "Size scaling of oxygen physiology and metabolic rate of Antarctic sea spiders", "uid": "601150", "west": 166.666}, {"awards": "1313826 Orsi, Alejandro", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((119 -66,119.3 -66,119.6 -66,119.9 -66,120.2 -66,120.5 -66,120.8 -66,121.1 -66,121.4 -66,121.7 -66,122 -66,122 -66.1,122 -66.2,122 -66.3,122 -66.4,122 -66.5,122 -66.6,122 -66.7,122 -66.8,122 -66.9,122 -67,121.7 -67,121.4 -67,121.1 -67,120.8 -67,120.5 -67,120.2 -67,119.9 -67,119.6 -67,119.3 -67,119 -67,119 -66.9,119 -66.8,119 -66.7,119 -66.6,119 -66.5,119 -66.4,119 -66.3,119 -66.2,119 -66.1,119 -66))"], "date_created": "Mon, 24 Dec 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "An array of three moorings (M1-M3) with current meters, temperature, conductivity, and pressure (TCP) recorders were deployed along the eastern flank of the continental shelf off Sabrina Coast, at the main path of the Antarctic Coastal Current indicated by the uCTD data collected earlier during the cruise.\r\n\r\nThese three US mooring were deployed at the 625-m (M1), 620-m (M2) and 1051-m (M3) isobaths.\r\n M1 was recovered on 25 February 2014, with a full data return from all of its instruments; whereas M2 and M3 were recovered in early 2015 on board of the Australian RVI Aurora Australis next year (cruise AU1402).\r\n\r\nThe location and schematics of the mooring array design is described below, and also provided among the uploaded files.\r\n", "east": 122.0, "geometry": ["POINT(120.5 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Au1402; Mooring; NBP1402; Oceans; Ocean Temperature; Physical Oceanography; R/v Aurora Australis; R/v Nathaniel B. 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Data are reported as an ascii table suitable for import to Ocean Data View. 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Data are reported as an ascii table suitable for import to Ocean Data View. ", "east": 146.0, "geometry": ["POINT(131.5 -66)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CTD Data; NBP1402; Oceans; Ocean Temperature; Physical Oceanography; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Sabrina Coast; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Sabrina Coast; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Orsi, Alejandro", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000008", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.0, "title": "NBP1402 Final UCTD data", "uid": "601146", "west": 117.0}, {"awards": "0944201 Hofmann, Gretchen; 1246202 Hofmann, Gretchen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163.5281 -77.5715,163.84105 -77.5715,164.154 -77.5715,164.46695 -77.5715,164.7799 -77.5715,165.09285 -77.5715,165.4058 -77.5715,165.71875 -77.5715,166.0317 -77.5715,166.34465 -77.5715,166.6576 -77.5715,166.6576 -77.59928,166.6576 -77.62706,166.6576 -77.65484,166.6576 -77.68262,166.6576 -77.7104,166.6576 -77.73818,166.6576 -77.76596,166.6576 -77.79374,166.6576 -77.82152,166.6576 -77.8493,166.34465 -77.8493,166.0317 -77.8493,165.71875 -77.8493,165.4058 -77.8493,165.09285 -77.8493,164.7799 -77.8493,164.46695 -77.8493,164.154 -77.8493,163.84105 -77.8493,163.5281 -77.8493,163.5281 -77.82152,163.5281 -77.79374,163.5281 -77.76596,163.5281 -77.73818,163.5281 -77.7104,163.5281 -77.68262,163.5281 -77.65484,163.5281 -77.62706,163.5281 -77.59928,163.5281 -77.5715))"], "date_created": "Wed, 05 Dec 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset consists of measurements made of pH (total scale) and temperature at various sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica with autonomous DuraFET\u00ae - based pH sensors. Sensors logged every 4 hours and ran until batteries were exhausted. Sensors were calibrated with water samples following best practices from Dickson et al (2007). Details of select years from this dataset are provided in Kapsenberg et al(2015). ", "east": 166.6576, "geometry": ["POINT(165.09285 -77.7104)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; McMurdo Sound; Mcmurdo Station; Mooring; Oceans; Ocean Temperature; PH; Physical Oceanography; Ross Sea; Sea Surface Temperature; Seawater Measurements; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Ross Sea; McMurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -77.5715, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Hoshijima, Umihiko; Hofmann, Gretchen; Kapsenberg, Lydia", "project_titles": "Ocean Acidification Seascape: Linking Natural Variability and Anthropogenic changes in pH and Temperature to Performance in Calcifying Antarctic Marine Invertebrates", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000390", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ocean Acidification Seascape: Linking Natural Variability and Anthropogenic changes in pH and Temperature to Performance in Calcifying Antarctic Marine Invertebrates"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8493, "title": "Nearshore pH, temperature, (salinity, depth) at mooring sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, Overwinter 2011-2016", "uid": "601141", "west": 163.5281}, {"awards": "1246407 Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((68.5 -48.5,68.725 -48.5,68.95 -48.5,69.175 -48.5,69.4 -48.5,69.625 -48.5,69.85 -48.5,70.075 -48.5,70.3 -48.5,70.525 -48.5,70.75 -48.5,70.75 -48.65,70.75 -48.8,70.75 -48.95,70.75 -49.1,70.75 -49.25,70.75 -49.4,70.75 -49.55,70.75 -49.7,70.75 -49.85,70.75 -50,70.525 -50,70.3 -50,70.075 -50,69.85 -50,69.625 -50,69.4 -50,69.175 -50,68.95 -50,68.725 -50,68.5 -50,68.5 -49.85,68.5 -49.7,68.5 -49.55,68.5 -49.4,68.5 -49.25,68.5 -49.1,68.5 -48.95,68.5 -48.8,68.5 -48.65,68.5 -48.5))"], "date_created": "Mon, 03 Dec 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "1. Studies of the mechanisms underlying climate-induced population changes are critically needed to better understand and accurately predict population responses to climate change. Long-lived migratory species might be particularly vulnerable to climate change as they are constrained by different climate conditions and energetic requirements during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Yet, most studies primarily focus on the breeding season of these species life cycle. Environmental conditions experienced in the non-breeding season may have downstream effects on the other stages of the annual life cycle. Not investigating such effects may potentially lead to erroneous inferences about population dynamics.\r\n2. Combining demographic and tracking data collected between 2006 and 2013 at Kerguelen Island on a long-lived migratory seabird, the Black-Browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris), we investigated the links between sea surface temperature during the non-breeding season and behavioural and phenological traits (at-sea behaviour and migratory schedules) while accounting for different responses between birds of different sex and reproductive status (previously failed or successful breeders). We then explored whether variation in the foraging behaviour and timing of spring migration influenced subsequent reproductive performance.\r\n3. Our results showed that foraging activity and migratory schedules varied by both sex and reproductive status suggesting different energetic requirements and constraints among individuals. Higher sea surface temperatures during late winter, assumed to reflect poor winter conditions, were associated with an earlier departure from the wintering grounds and an extended pre-breeding period. However, an earlier spring migration and an earlier return to Kerguelen grounds were associated with a lower breeding success.\r\n4. Our results highlighted that behaviour during some periods of the non-breeding season, particularly towards the end of the wintering period and the pre-breeding period, had a significant effect on the subsequent reproductive success. Therefore caution needs to be given to all stages of the annual cycle when predicting the influence of climate on population dynamics.", "east": 70.75, "geometry": ["POINT(69.625 -49.25)"], "keywords": "Albatross; Animal Behavior Observation; Antarctica; Biota; Birds; Black-Browed Albatross (thalassarche Melanophris); Field Investigations; Foraging; Kerguelen Island; Ocean Island/plateau; Ocean Island/Plateau; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Kerguelen Island", "north": -48.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "project_titles": "Linking Foraging Behaviors to Demography to understand Albatrosses Population Responses to Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010002", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Linking Foraging Behaviors to Demography to understand Albatrosses Population Responses to Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -50.0, "title": "Linking oceanographic conditions, migratory schedules and foraging behaviour during the non-breeding season to reproductive performance in a long-lived seabird", "uid": "601140", "west": 68.5}, {"awards": "1144192 Tulaczyk, Slawek", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(162.2673 -77.722528)"], "date_created": "Wed, 28 Nov 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "", "east": 162.2673, "geometry": ["POINT(162.2673 -77.722528)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Borehole; Borehole Logging; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Temperature; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Temperature; Temperature Profiles", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.722528, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Tulaczyk, Slawek", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: MIDGE: Minimally Invasive Direct Glacial Exploration of Biogeochemistry, Hydrology and Glaciology of Blood Falls, McMurdo Dry Valleys", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000002", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: MIDGE: Minimally Invasive Direct Glacial Exploration of Biogeochemistry, Hydrology and Glaciology of Blood Falls, McMurdo Dry Valleys"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.722528, "title": "Ice Temperature in Shallow Boreholes Near Blood Falls at the Terminus of Taylor Glacier, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica", "uid": "601139", "west": 162.2673}, {"awards": "1142174 Smith, Walker", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Wed, 14 Nov 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set summarizes the responses of a variety of phytoplankton cultures to different temperatures. Variables assessed in triplicate at each temperature include cell abundance, chlorophyll and particulate organic carbon. Some eight species were assessed. Each experiment lasted ca. 25 days. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chlorophyll; Foraminifera; Growth; Phytoplankton; Plankton; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Smith, Walker", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Penguin Foraging Reveals Phytoplankton Spatial Structure in the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000322", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Penguin Foraging Reveals Phytoplankton Spatial Structure in the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Experimental analyses of phytoplankton temperature response", "uid": "601135", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1443126 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.521 -77.936)"], "date_created": "Fri, 20 Jul 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "An automatic weather station was operated on the McMurdo Ice Shelf near Pegasus Air Strip for 365 days from 24 January 2016 to 22 January 2017. The sensors consisted of temperature/RH at 2 m and 8 m (above surface), wind speed at 2 m and 8 m, 4-component radiometer, and wind direction. Time series provides averages for every 30 minutes of a 30 second sample scheme.", "east": 166.521, "geometry": ["POINT(166.521 -77.936)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Hydrology; Ice Shelf; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Surface Hydrology; Surface Mass Balance; Weather Station Data", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.936, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Banwell, Alison; MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Impact of Supraglacial Lakes on Ice-Shelf Stability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000138", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Impact of Supraglacial Lakes on Ice-Shelf Stability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.936, "title": "McMurdo Ice Shelf AWS data", "uid": "601106", "west": 166.521}, {"awards": "1142084 Nevitt, Gabrielle", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((40 -25,46 -25,52 -25,58 -25,64 -25,70 -25,76 -25,82 -25,88 -25,94 -25,100 -25,100 -29,100 -33,100 -37,100 -41,100 -45,100 -49,100 -53,100 -57,100 -61,100 -65,94 -65,88 -65,82 -65,76 -65,70 -65,64 -65,58 -65,52 -65,46 -65,40 -65,40 -61,40 -57,40 -53,40 -49,40 -45,40 -41,40 -37,40 -33,40 -29,40 -25))"], "date_created": "Wed, 11 Apr 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset was recorded from tags fitted to Black-browed Albatross from the breeding colony called \"Canon des Sourcils Noirs\", on Kerguelen Island, located at 70.2433E, -49.6875S. The dataset contains the following items: \r\n1. GPS locations (lat,lon) and timestamps at local time (GMT-5)\r\n2. Timestamped stomach temperature measurements.", "east": 100.0, "geometry": ["POINT(70 -45)"], "keywords": "Albatross; Antarctica; Biota; Birds; Foraging; GPS Data; Southern Ocean; Stomach Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -25.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Losekoot, Marcel; Nevitt, Gabrielle", "project_titles": "Applying High-resolution GPS Tracking to Characterize Sensory Foraging Strategies of the Black-browed Albatross, a Top Predator of the Southern Ocean Ecosystem", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000420", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Applying High-resolution GPS Tracking to Characterize Sensory Foraging Strategies of the Black-browed Albatross, a Top Predator of the Southern Ocean Ecosystem"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Satellite tracks of Black-browed Albatross in the Southern Indian Ocean", "uid": "601093", "west": 40.0}, {"awards": "0943466 Hawley, Robert", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-163 -79,-162.8 -79,-162.6 -79,-162.4 -79,-162.2 -79,-162 -79,-161.8 -79,-161.6 -79,-161.4 -79,-161.2 -79,-161 -79,-161 -79.05,-161 -79.1,-161 -79.15,-161 -79.2,-161 -79.25,-161 -79.3,-161 -79.35,-161 -79.4,-161 -79.45,-161 -79.5,-161.2 -79.5,-161.4 -79.5,-161.6 -79.5,-161.8 -79.5,-162 -79.5,-162.2 -79.5,-162.4 -79.5,-162.6 -79.5,-162.8 -79.5,-163 -79.5,-163 -79.45,-163 -79.4,-163 -79.35,-163 -79.3,-163 -79.25,-163 -79.2,-163 -79.15,-163 -79.1,-163 -79.05,-163 -79))"], "date_created": "Tue, 13 Feb 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "A Borehole Optical Televiewer (OPTV) uses a conical mirror and scanning electronics to record a continuous 360-degree image of the borehole wall. An inclinometer and magnetometer allow the image to be \u0027unwrapped\u0027 and resented as a rectangular image, which shows the visible features of the wall oriented to magnetic north. This dataset includes both the raw bitmap (bmp) image data from the televiewer, as well as proprietary WellCad format (wcl) files. The WellCad format files contain the inclinometry, orientation, and temperature data in addition to the imagery data. Wellcad files can be viewed with a free wellcad file reader available from https://www.alt.lu/downloads.htm. This dataset includes OPTV logs from each of two seasons, November 2013 and 2014. The logs are of the 760 m deep hole drilled by the RICE project, a NZ-USA partnership.", "east": -161.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-162 -79.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Roosevelt Island; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "locations": "Roosevelt Island; Antarctica", "north": -79.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Hawley, Robert L.; Clemens-Sewall, David", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Deglaciation of the Ross Sea Embayment - constraints from Roosevelt Island", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000272", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Deglaciation of the Ross Sea Embayment - constraints from Roosevelt Island"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.5, "title": "Roosevelt Island Borehole Optical Televiewer logs", "uid": "601086", "west": -163.0}, {"awards": "1565576 Pettit, Erin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-63 -64.75,-62.6 -64.75,-62.2 -64.75,-61.8 -64.75,-61.4 -64.75,-61 -64.75,-60.6 -64.75,-60.2 -64.75,-59.8 -64.75,-59.4 -64.75,-59 -64.75,-59 -64.9,-59 -65.05,-59 -65.2,-59 -65.35,-59 -65.5,-59 -65.65,-59 -65.8,-59 -65.95,-59 -66.1,-59 -66.25,-59.4 -66.25,-59.8 -66.25,-60.2 -66.25,-60.6 -66.25,-61 -66.25,-61.4 -66.25,-61.8 -66.25,-62.2 -66.25,-62.6 -66.25,-63 -66.25,-63 -66.1,-63 -65.95,-63 -65.8,-63 -65.65,-63 -65.5,-63 -65.35,-63 -65.2,-63 -65.05,-63 -64.9,-63 -64.75))"], "date_created": "Tue, 13 Feb 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Weather and instrument data from the Automated Meterology Ice Geophysics Observation System (AMIGOS) stations installed as part of the LARISSA and RAPID Scar Inlet funded grants from NSF-PLR. The data include temperature, wind, pressure, humidity, station position (coarse), and station health.", "east": -59.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-61 -65.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Atmosphere; Automated Weather Station; Flask Glacier; Foehn Winds; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; LARISSA; Larsen B Ice Shelf; Meteorology; Scar Inlet; Weatherstation; Wind Speed", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Larsen B Ice Shelf; Scar Inlet; Flask Glacier", "north": -64.75, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Scambos, Ted", "project_titles": "RAPID: Observing the Disintegration of the Scar Inlet Ice Shelf", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000274", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RAPID: Observing the Disintegration of the Scar Inlet Ice Shelf"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -66.25, "title": "Weather data from LARISSA / SCAR Inlet Rapid AMIGOS and cGPS stations", "uid": "601084", "west": -63.0}, {"awards": "0943466 Hawley, Robert", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-163 -79,-162.8 -79,-162.6 -79,-162.4 -79,-162.2 -79,-162 -79,-161.8 -79,-161.6 -79,-161.4 -79,-161.2 -79,-161 -79,-161 -79.05,-161 -79.1,-161 -79.15,-161 -79.2,-161 -79.25,-161 -79.3,-161 -79.35,-161 -79.4,-161 -79.45,-161 -79.5,-161.2 -79.5,-161.4 -79.5,-161.6 -79.5,-161.8 -79.5,-162 -79.5,-162.2 -79.5,-162.4 -79.5,-162.6 -79.5,-162.8 -79.5,-163 -79.5,-163 -79.45,-163 -79.4,-163 -79.35,-163 -79.3,-163 -79.25,-163 -79.2,-163 -79.15,-163 -79.1,-163 -79.05,-163 -79))"], "date_created": "Tue, 13 Feb 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "These data are firn temperatures, measured by a meteorological station placed at Roosevelt Island. Thermistors were placed at multiple depths through the upper 20 meters of firn and measured through the course of roughly one year.", "east": -161.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-162 -79.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Borehole; Firn; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice; Ice Core Records; Ice Fabric; Optical Images; Roosevelt Island; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; Roosevelt Island", "north": -79.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Hawley, Robert L.; Clemens-Sewall, David; Giese, Alexandra", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Deglaciation of the Ross Sea Embayment - constraints from Roosevelt Island", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000272", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Deglaciation of the Ross Sea Embayment - constraints from Roosevelt Island"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.5, "title": "Roosevelt Island Borehole Firn temperatures", "uid": "601085", "west": -163.0}, {"awards": "1043528 Alley, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"], "date_created": "Tue, 16 Jan 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes all surface, snowpit, crust, AWS, and near-surface thermistor data used for analyses and publication \"Surface formation, preservation, and history of low-porosity crusts at the WAIS Divide site, West Antarctica\" DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1-2018", "east": -112.085, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; AWS; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Meteorology; Physical Properties; Snow Pit; Temperature; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core; Weatherstation", "locations": "Antarctica; WAIS Divide", "north": -79.467, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Fegyveresi, John; Alley, Richard", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Continued Study of Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core; Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000038", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000027", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Continued Study of Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.467, "title": "WAIS Divide Surface and Snow-pit Data, 2009-2013", "uid": "601079", "west": -112.085}, {"awards": "1246203 Gooseff, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163.1778 -77.6233,163.17792 -77.6233,163.17804 -77.6233,163.17816 -77.6233,163.17828 -77.6233,163.1784 -77.6233,163.17852 -77.6233,163.17864 -77.6233,163.17876 -77.6233,163.17888 -77.6233,163.179 -77.6233,163.179 -77.63331,163.179 -77.64332,163.179 -77.65333,163.179 -77.66334,163.179 -77.67335,163.179 -77.68336,163.179 -77.69337,163.179 -77.70338,163.179 -77.71339,163.179 -77.7234,163.17888 -77.7234,163.17876 -77.7234,163.17864 -77.7234,163.17852 -77.7234,163.1784 -77.7234,163.17828 -77.7234,163.17816 -77.7234,163.17804 -77.7234,163.17792 -77.7234,163.1778 -77.7234,163.1778 -77.71339,163.1778 -77.70338,163.1778 -77.69337,163.1778 -77.68336,163.1778 -77.67335,163.1778 -77.66334,163.1778 -77.65333,163.1778 -77.64332,163.1778 -77.63331,163.1778 -77.6233))"], "date_created": "Mon, 18 Dec 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "As a part of the project titled \"Collaborative Research: The McMurdo Dry Valleys: A landscape on the threshold of change\", we measured ground temperatures from 0-20cm at three stream bank positions (base, mid-slope, and top) at 4 locations along Crescent Stream in Taylor Valley - 2 on the east bank, 2 on the west bank. The goal was to evaluate differences in thermal conduction and temperature dynamics of the active layers of these locations, in particular, in a stream that has undergone extensive bank erosion since 2012 due to permafrost degradation. One of the datalogging stations had significant technical problems and has very little data compared to the almost 2 years of temperature date from the other 3 stations (2015-2017). ", "east": 163.179, "geometry": ["POINT(163.1784 -77.67335)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Dry Valleys; Glaciology; Paleoclimate; Permafrost; Soil Temperature; Taylor Valley", "locations": "Dry Valleys; Antarctica; Taylor Valley", "north": -77.6233, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Gooseff, Michael N.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: THE MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS: A landscape on the Threshold of Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000076", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: THE MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS: A landscape on the Threshold of Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.7234, "title": "Active Layer Temperatures from Crescent Stream banks, Taylor Valley Antarctica", "uid": "601075", "west": 163.1778}, {"awards": "1143834 Huber, Bruce", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(120.5 -66.2)"], "date_created": "Wed, 15 Nov 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Time series of temperature and salinity from a sediment trap mooring deployed during NBP1402 on 04 March 2014 at 66S 11, 122 E 30.2, depth 547 m. The mooring was recovered from Aurora Australis on 26 December 2014 ", "east": 120.5, "geometry": ["POINT(120.5 -66.2)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Mooring; NBP1402; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Sabrina Coast; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Sabrina Coast; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -66.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Huber, Bruce", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000008", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.2, "title": "Sabrina Coast mooring data - sediment trap mooring 2014", "uid": "601069", "west": 120.5}, {"awards": "1143834 Huber, Bruce", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((117 -66,119.9 -66,122.8 -66,125.7 -66,128.6 -66,131.5 -66,134.4 -66,137.3 -66,140.2 -66,143.1 -66,146 -66,146 -66.1,146 -66.2,146 -66.3,146 -66.4,146 -66.5,146 -66.6,146 -66.7,146 -66.8,146 -66.9,146 -67,143.1 -67,140.2 -67,137.3 -67,134.4 -67,131.5 -67,128.6 -67,125.7 -67,122.8 -67,119.9 -67,117 -67,117 -66.9,117 -66.8,117 -66.7,117 -66.6,117 -66.5,117 -66.4,117 -66.3,117 -66.2,117 -66.1,117 -66))"], "date_created": "Fri, 10 Nov 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) profiles from NBP1402, final, calibrated version. Data are reported as an ascii table suitable for import to Ocean Data View.", "east": 146.0, "geometry": ["POINT(131.5 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CTD Data; NBP1402; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Sabrina Coast; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Sabrina Coast; Southern Ocean", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Huber, Bruce", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000008", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "NBP1402 Final CTD data", "uid": "601067", "west": 117.0}, {"awards": "1041022 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.5 -64.5,-64.45 -64.5,-64.4 -64.5,-64.35 -64.5,-64.3 -64.5,-64.25 -64.5,-64.2 -64.5,-64.15 -64.5,-64.1 -64.5,-64.05 -64.5,-64 -64.5,-64 -64.54,-64 -64.58,-64 -64.62,-64 -64.66,-64 -64.7,-64 -64.74,-64 -64.78,-64 -64.82,-64 -64.86,-64 -64.9,-64.05 -64.9,-64.1 -64.9,-64.15 -64.9,-64.2 -64.9,-64.25 -64.9,-64.3 -64.9,-64.35 -64.9,-64.4 -64.9,-64.45 -64.9,-64.5 -64.9,-64.5 -64.86,-64.5 -64.82,-64.5 -64.78,-64.5 -64.74,-64.5 -64.7,-64.5 -64.66,-64.5 -64.62,-64.5 -64.58,-64.5 -64.54,-64.5 -64.5))"], "date_created": "Fri, 20 Oct 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "", "east": -64.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.25 -64.7)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles; Schram, Julie", "project_titles": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000426", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.9, "title": "Data from Schram et al. 2017 MEPS", "uid": "601062", "west": -64.5}, {"awards": "1245737 Cassano, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161.714 -77.522,162.6077 -77.522,163.5014 -77.522,164.3951 -77.522,165.2888 -77.522,166.1825 -77.522,167.0762 -77.522,167.9699 -77.522,168.8636 -77.522,169.7573 -77.522,170.651 -77.522,170.651 -77.6702,170.651 -77.8184,170.651 -77.9666,170.651 -78.1148,170.651 -78.263,170.651 -78.4112,170.651 -78.5594,170.651 -78.7076,170.651 -78.8558,170.651 -79.004,169.7573 -79.004,168.8636 -79.004,167.9699 -79.004,167.0762 -79.004,166.1825 -79.004,165.2888 -79.004,164.3951 -79.004,163.5014 -79.004,162.6077 -79.004,161.714 -79.004,161.714 -78.8558,161.714 -78.7076,161.714 -78.5594,161.714 -78.4112,161.714 -78.263,161.714 -78.1148,161.714 -77.9666,161.714 -77.8184,161.714 -77.6702,161.714 -77.522))"], "date_created": "Thu, 07 Sep 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric boundary layer temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind profile data collected with the Small Unmanned Meteorological Observer (SUMO) unmanned aerial system (UAS)", "east": 170.651, "geometry": ["POINT(166.1825 -78.263)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Navigation; UAS", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.522, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Cassano, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program 2013-2017", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000363", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program 2013-2017"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.004, "title": "SUMO unmanned aerial system (UAS) atmospheric data", "uid": "601054", "west": 161.714}, {"awards": "1142085 Alley, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((0 -75,5.489 -75,10.978 -75,16.467 -75,21.956 -75,27.445 -75,32.934 -75,38.423 -75,43.912 -75,49.401 -75,54.89 -75,54.89 -75.763,54.89 -76.526,54.89 -77.289,54.89 -78.052,54.89 -78.815,54.89 -79.578,54.89 -80.341,54.89 -81.104,54.89 -81.867,54.89 -82.63,49.401 -82.63,43.912 -82.63,38.423 -82.63,32.934 -82.63,27.445 -82.63,21.956 -82.63,16.467 -82.63,10.978 -82.63,5.489 -82.63,0 -82.63,0 -81.867,0 -81.104,0 -80.341,0 -79.578,0 -78.815,0 -78.052,0 -77.289,0 -76.526,0 -75.763,0 -75))"], "date_created": "Tue, 05 Sep 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "", "east": 54.89, "geometry": ["POINT(27.445 -78.815)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Borehole Logging; Dronning Maud Land; Firn; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Physical Properties; Snow; Temperature", "locations": "Dronning Maud Land; Antarctica", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Muto, Atsu", "project_titles": "Revealing Late Holocence Climate Variability in Antarctica from Borehole Paleothermometry", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000440", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Revealing Late Holocence Climate Variability in Antarctica from Borehole Paleothermometry"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -82.63, "title": "Firn-temperature time series in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica", "uid": "601050", "west": 0.0}, {"awards": "0538657 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-113 -79,-112.8 -79,-112.6 -79,-112.4 -79,-112.2 -79,-112 -79,-111.8 -79,-111.6 -79,-111.4 -79,-111.2 -79,-111 -79,-111 -79.1,-111 -79.2,-111 -79.3,-111 -79.4,-111 -79.5,-111 -79.6,-111 -79.7,-111 -79.8,-111 -79.9,-111 -80,-111.2 -80,-111.4 -80,-111.6 -80,-111.8 -80,-112 -80,-112.2 -80,-112.4 -80,-112.6 -80,-112.8 -80,-113 -80,-113 -79.9,-113 -79.8,-113 -79.7,-113 -79.6,-113 -79.5,-113 -79.4,-113 -79.3,-113 -79.2,-113 -79.1,-113 -79))"], "date_created": "Fri, 18 Aug 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains measurements of d18Oatm (d18O of O2), d15N, dAr/N2, and dO2/N2 in gas bubbles from the WAIS Divide ice core. The time resolution is variable throughout the record but is ~100 years on average (from 65 ka to present). All measurements were made in the Noble Gas Isotope Laboratory at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (La Jolla, CA). The data set includes all replicate measurements as well as replicate-mean values and a calculation of measurement precision (pooled standard deviation). The second sheet of this data set includes fitted d18Oatm curves for the past 50 ka from both the WAIS Divide and Siple Dome Antarctic ice cores, both on the WD2014 timescale (Buizert et al., 2015). The second sheet also includes calculations of the time derivative of d18Oatm and d e LAND in both ice cores individual as well as in a composite record. Details of the entire data set and all relevant methods are provided in Seltzer et al., 2017.", "east": -111.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-112 -79.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Gas; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Isotope; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -79.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Seltzer, Alan; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "project_titles": "Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000036", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -80.0, "title": "WAIS Divide d18Oatm and Siple Dome/WAIS Divide composite and individual delta epsilon LAND", "uid": "601041", "west": -113.0}, {"awards": "0839093 McConnell, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161.41425 -77.73489,161.486884 -77.73489,161.559518 -77.73489,161.632152 -77.73489,161.704786 -77.73489,161.77742 -77.73489,161.850054 -77.73489,161.922688 -77.73489,161.995322 -77.73489,162.067956 -77.73489,162.14059 -77.73489,162.14059 -77.747868,162.14059 -77.760846,162.14059 -77.773824,162.14059 -77.786802,162.14059 -77.79978,162.14059 -77.812758,162.14059 -77.825736,162.14059 -77.838714,162.14059 -77.851692,162.14059 -77.86467,162.067956 -77.86467,161.995322 -77.86467,161.922688 -77.86467,161.850054 -77.86467,161.77742 -77.86467,161.704786 -77.86467,161.632152 -77.86467,161.559518 -77.86467,161.486884 -77.86467,161.41425 -77.86467,161.41425 -77.851692,161.41425 -77.838714,161.41425 -77.825736,161.41425 -77.812758,161.41425 -77.79978,161.41425 -77.786802,161.41425 -77.773824,161.41425 -77.760846,161.41425 -77.747868,161.41425 -77.73489))"], "date_created": "Mon, 19 Jun 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Black carbon (BC) and other biomass-burning (BB) aerosols are critical components of climate forcing but quantification, predictive climate modeling, and policy decisions have been hampered by limited understanding of the climate drivers of BB and by the lack of long-term records. Prior modeling studies suggested that increased Northern Hemisphere anthropogenic BC emissions increased recent temperatures and regional precipitation, including a northward shift in the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Two Antarctic ice cores were analyzed for BC and the longest record shows that the highest BC deposition during the Holocene occurred ~8-6k years before present in a period of relatively high austral burning season and low growing season insolation. Atmospheric transport modeling suggests South America (SA) as the dominant source of modern Antarctic BC and, consistent with the ice-core record, climate model experiments using mid-Holocene and preindustrial insolation simulate comparable increases in carbon loss due to fires in SA during the mid-Holocene. SA climate proxies document a northward shifted ITCZ and weakened SA Summer Monsoon (SASM) during this period, with associated impacts on hydroclimate and burning. A second Antarctic ice core spanning the last 2.5k years documents similar linkages between hydroclimate and BC, with the lowest deposition during the Little Ice Age characterized by a southerly shifted ITCZ and strengthened SASM. These new results indicate that insolation-driven changes in SA hydroclimate and BB, likely linked to the position of the ITCZ, modulated Antarctic BC deposition during most of the Holocene and suggests connections and feedbacks between future BC emissions and hydroclimate.", "east": 162.14059, "geometry": ["POINT(161.77742 -77.79978)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Black Carbon; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -77.73489, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "McConnell, Joseph; Arienzo, Monica", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Integrated High Resolution Chemical and Biological Measurements on the Deep WAIS Divide Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000273", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Integrated High Resolution Chemical and Biological Measurements on the Deep WAIS Divide Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -77.86467, "title": "Holocene Black Carbon in Antarctica", "uid": "601034", "west": 161.41425}, {"awards": "1553824 Heine, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -78,163.4 -78,163.8 -78,164.2 -78,164.6 -78,165 -78,165.4 -78,165.8 -78,166.2 -78,166.6 -78,167 -78,167 -78.05,167 -78.1,167 -78.15,167 -78.2,167 -78.25,167 -78.3,167 -78.35,167 -78.4,167 -78.45,167 -78.5,166.6 -78.5,166.2 -78.5,165.8 -78.5,165.4 -78.5,165 -78.5,164.6 -78.5,164.2 -78.5,163.8 -78.5,163.4 -78.5,163 -78.5,163 -78.45,163 -78.4,163 -78.35,163 -78.3,163 -78.25,163 -78.2,163 -78.15,163 -78.1,163 -78.05,163 -78))"], "date_created": "Fri, 12 May 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Overall dataset and specific temperature data for a number of different rebreather models.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165 -78.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Diving; Global; Physical Oceanography", "locations": "Antarctica; Global", "north": -78.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Heine, John", "project_titles": "Rebreather Testing for the United States Antarctic Scientific Diving Program", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000377", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Rebreather Testing for the United States Antarctic Scientific Diving Program"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "Rebreather Testing for the United States Antarctic Scientific Diving Program", "uid": "601024", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "0539232 Cuffey, Kurt", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.083 -79.467)"], "date_created": "Thu, 12 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains the temperature reconstruction at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide reported by Cuffey et al. (2016) in PNAS. Five files contain 1) the primary reconstruction (Eq. 2 of that publication), combining information from borehole temperatures, deuterium isotopic content of ice, and nitrogen-15 content of trapped diatomic nitrogen gas; 2) the primary reconstruction with higher-frequency content restored; 3) the lower limit of the primary reconstruction; 4) the upper limit of the primary reconstruction; and 5) and the primary reconstruction with added perturbations.", "east": -112.083, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.083 -79.467)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Nitrogen; Paleoclimate; Temperature; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.467, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Cuffey, Kurt M.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000038", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.467, "title": "Temperature Reconstruction at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide", "uid": "600377", "west": -112.083}, {"awards": "1141877 Aronson, Richard", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 10 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Elevated temperatures and ocean acidification are both threatening the Southern Ocean. The effects of these environmental changes are poorly understood, but preliminary data suggest that they are driving a biological invasion. Specifically, large populations of skeleton-crushing king crabs, Paralomis birsteini, have been detected off Marguerite Bay on the West Antarctic Peninsula. These crabs appear to be invading the continental shelf region where benthic communities have evolved in the absence of such top-predators. Thus, this invasion could result in a wholesale restructuring of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem. The proposed work seeks to document this invasion and better understand the effects of the introduction of P. birsteini on the ecology of this region. A towed underwater vehicle will be used to photographically image communities, and communities with and without P. birsteini will be compared quantitatively. Additionally, crabs will trapped and various aspects of their morphology and physiology will be assessed. This research is unique in that it will document a biological invasion in real-time and it will therefore enhance our general understandings of the drivers of invasion and resilience in biological communities. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of undergraduate and graduate students and will foster an international collaboration with British scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach thorough the development of K-12 curricular materials.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Anvers Island; Benthos; Biota; Camera Tow; LMG1502; Marguerite Bay; NBP1002; NBP1310; Oceans; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Anvers Island; Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Marguerite Bay", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Aronson, Richard", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000303", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos", "uid": "600385", "west": null}, {"awards": "1142083 Kyle, Philip", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(167.15334 -77.529724)"], "date_created": "Sat, 03 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Mt. Erebus is one of only a handful of volcanoes worldwide that have lava lakes with readily observable and nearly continuous Strombolian explosive activity. Erebus is also unique in having a permanent convecting lava lake of anorthoclase phonolite magma. Over the years significant infrastructure has been established at the summit of Mt. Erebus as part of the Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory (MEVO), which serves as a natural laboratory to study a wide range of volcanic processes, especially magma degassing associated with an open convecting magma conduit. The PI proposes to continue operating MEVO for a further five years. The fundamental fundamental research objectives are: to understand diffuse flank degassing by using distributed temperature sensing and gas measurements in ice caves, to understand conduit processes, and to examine the environmental impact of volcanic emissions from Erebus on atmospheric and cryospheric environments. To examine conduit processes the PI will make simultaneous observations with video records, thermal imaging, measurements of gas emission rates and gas compositions, seismic, and infrasound data.\n An important aspect of Erebus research is the education and training of students. Both graduate and undergraduate students will have the opportunity to work on MEVO data and deploy to the field site. In addition, this proposal will support a middle or high school science teacher for two field seasons. The PI will also continue working with various media organizations and filmmakers.\nThis dataset contains video taken from a series of cameras that were installed at Shackleton\u0027s Cairn (-77.525337, 167.157509) looking into the lava lake. This dataset contains all such video taken between 2005 and 2011. Camera downlink depended on power at a relay station at the Cones site. The camera was operational during G-081 field seasons and often for a period of weeks or months thereafter.", "east": 167.15334, "geometry": ["POINT(167.15334 -77.529724)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cable Observatory; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Infrared Imagery; Intracontinental Magmatism; IntraContinental Magmatism; MEVO; Mount Erebus; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Ross Island; Solid Earth; Thermal Camera; Volcano", "locations": "Mount Erebus; Ross Island; Antarctica", "north": -77.529724, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Oppenheimer, Clive; Kyle, Philip", "project_titles": "Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory: Operations, Science and Outreach (MEVO-OSO)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000383", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory: Operations, Science and Outreach (MEVO-OSO)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "MEVO", "south": -77.529724, "title": "Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory: Operations, Science and Outreach (MEVO-OSO)", "uid": "600381", "west": 167.15334}, {"awards": "1141877 Aronson, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-111.18 -49.98,-105.429 -49.98,-99.678 -49.98,-93.927 -49.98,-88.176 -49.98,-82.425 -49.98,-76.674 -49.98,-70.923 -49.98,-65.172 -49.98,-59.421 -49.98,-53.67 -49.98,-53.67 -52.826,-53.67 -55.672,-53.67 -58.518,-53.67 -61.364,-53.67 -64.21,-53.67 -67.056,-53.67 -69.902,-53.67 -72.748,-53.67 -75.594,-53.67 -78.44,-59.421 -78.44,-65.172 -78.44,-70.923 -78.44,-76.674 -78.44,-82.425 -78.44,-88.176 -78.44,-93.927 -78.44,-99.678 -78.44,-105.429 -78.44,-111.18 -78.44,-111.18 -75.594,-111.18 -72.748,-111.18 -69.902,-111.18 -67.056,-111.18 -64.21,-111.18 -61.364,-111.18 -58.518,-111.18 -55.672,-111.18 -52.826,-111.18 -49.98))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Elevated temperatures and ocean acidification are both threatening the Southern Ocean. The effects of these environmental changes are poorly understood, but preliminary data suggest that they are driving a biological invasion. Specifically, large populations of skeleton-crushing king crabs, Paralomis birsteini, have been detected off Marguerite Bay on the West Antarctic Peninsula. These crabs appear to be invading the continental shelf region where benthic communities have evolved in the absence of such top-predators. Thus, this invasion could result in a wholesale restructuring of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem. The proposed work seeks to document this invasion and better understand the effects of the introduction of P. birsteini on the ecology of this region. A towed underwater vehicle will be used to photographically image communities, and communities with and without P. birsteini will be compared quantitatively. Additionally, crabs will trapped and various aspects of their morphology and physiology will be assessed. This research is unique in that it will document a biological invasion in real-time and it will therefore enhance our general understandings of the drivers of invasion and resilience in biological communities. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of undergraduate and graduate students and will foster an international collaboration with British scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach thorough the development of K-12 curricular materials.", "east": -53.67, "geometry": ["POINT(-82.425 -64.21)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Anvers Island; Benthos; Biota; Camera Tow; LMG1502; Marguerite Bay; NBP1002; NBP1310; Oceans; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Marguerite Bay; Anvers Island; Southern Ocean", "north": -49.98, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Aronson, Richard", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000303", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.44, "title": "Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos", "uid": "600171", "west": -111.18}, {"awards": "0632399 Jefferies, Stuart", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The ultimate goal of this project is to determine the structure and dynamics of the Sun\u0027s atmosphere, assess the role of MHD waves in heating the chromosphere/corona and driving the solar wind, and better understand how the Sun\u0027s atmosphere couples to the solar interior. As the solar atmosphere is \u0027home\u0027 to many of the solar phenomena that can have a direct impact on the biosphere, including flares, coronal mass ejections, and the solar wind, the broader impact of such studies is that they will lead to an improved understanding of the Sun-Earth connection. \nUnder the current award we have developed a suite of instruments that can simultaneously image the line-of-sight Doppler velocity and longitudinal magnetic field at four heights in the solar atmosphere at high temporal cadence. The instruments use magneto-optical filters (see Cacciani, Moretti and Rodgers, Solar Physics 174, p.115, 2004) tuned to the solar absorption lines at 422 nm (Ca I), 589 nm (Na D2), 770 nm (K) and 1083 nm (He). These lines sample the solar atmosphere from the mid-photosphere to the high-chromosphere. \nA proof-of-concept run was made in the Austral summer of 2007/2008 using the Na and K versions of the instruments. Here we recorded over 40 hours of full-disk, intensity images of the Sun in the red and blue wings of the Na and K Fraunhofer lines, in both right- and left-circularly polarized light. The images were obtained at a rate of one every five seconds with a nominal spatial resolution of 4 arc-seconds. The run started at 09:44 UT on February 2, 2008 and ended at 03:30 UT on February 4, 2008.\nData Quality Assessment:\nThe temperature controls of the instrument housings were unable to fully compensate for the harse Antartic winds encountered during the observing run. This led to large (~15 C) temperature swings which adversely affected the instruments (and thus data quality) in two ways: 1) Crystals of Na and K were deposited on the magneto-optical filter windows leading to \"hot spots\" in the images. These \"hot spots\" come and go with time as the temperature changes. 2) The changing temperature caused the optical rails to contract and expand causing the final images to go in- and out-of-focus, thus reducing the resolution to greater than 4 arc-seconds. Both these effect are worse in the K data.\nDespite these problems, the intensity images can be combined to provide magnetic images that show a very high sensitivity (\u003c 5 Gauss in a 5 second integration).\nData Description:\nThe raw data are stored as a series of 1024x1024x4 FITS images. The format is: blue image (left circulary polarized light), blue image (right circularly polarized light), red image (left circulary polarized light), red image (right circularly polarized light).\nThe naming convention for the images is: Type_Instrument_Day_hour_minutes_seconds\nwhere Type is I (intensity), F (flatfield), D (dark)\n Instrument is 0 (Na), 1 (K)\n Day is the day number from the beginning of the year where January 1 is day 0\nFor example, I_0_32_12_34_40.fits is an intensity image taken with the Na instrument at 12:34.40 UT on February 2, 2008.\nNotes: \n1) The flatfield images were acquired by moving a diffuser in front of the Sun during the integration. The resulting images therefore have to be corrected for residual low-spatial frequencies due to the non-flat nature of the light source.\n2) Each FITS file header contains a variety of information on the observation, e.g.,\nF_CNTO\t: number of summed frames in each 5 second integration (*)\nFPS\t\t: Camera frame rate (Frames Per Second)\nFLIP\t: Rate at which the half-wave rotator (magnetic switch) was switched\nINT_PER\t: Integration time (in seconds)\nMOF\t\t: Temperature of magneto-optical filter cell\nWS\t\t: Temperature of wing selector cell\nTEMP_0\t: Temperature of camera 0\nTEMP_1\t: Temperature of camera 1\nTEMP_2\t: Temperature inside instrument (location 1)\nTEMP_3\t: Temperature of narrowband filter\nTEMP_5\t: Temperature of magnets surrounding MOF cell\nTEMP_6\t: Temperature inside instrument (location 2)\nTEMP_7\t: Temperature of housing for magnetic switch\n(*) This is the frame count for the camera. The number of frames in each image for the two different polarization states, is half this number.\nThe measured temperatures are only coarse measurements.\n3) Due to reflection in the final polarizing beam splitter (which separates the \"red\" and \"blue\" signals into the two cameras), the camera 1 data need to \"reversed\" along the x-axis (i.e. listed as [1024:1] instead of [1:1024])\n4) Line-of-sight velocity and magnetic field images are generated from the observed intensity images. Doppler images as (red-blue)/(red+blue), magnetic images as the difference between the Doppler images\nfor right- and left-circularly polarized light.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cosmos; Satellite Remote Sensing; Sun", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Jefferies, Stuart M.", "project_titles": "Tomographic Imaging of the Velocity and Magnetic Fields in the Sun\u0027s Atmosphere", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000526", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Tomographic Imaging of the Velocity and Magnetic Fields in the Sun\u0027s Atmosphere"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Tomographic Imaging of the Velocity and Magnetic Fields in the Sun\u0027s Atmosphere", "uid": "600152", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1043580 Reusch, David", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -47,-144 -47,-108 -47,-72 -47,-36 -47,0 -47,36 -47,72 -47,108 -47,144 -47,180 -47,180 -51.3,180 -55.6,180 -59.9,180 -64.2,180 -68.5,180 -72.8,180 -77.1,180 -81.4,180 -85.7,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -85.7,-180 -81.4,-180 -77.1,-180 -72.8,-180 -68.5,-180 -64.2,-180 -59.9,-180 -55.6,-180 -51.3,-180 -47))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The presence of ice ponds from surface melting of glacial ice can be a significant threshold in assessing the stability of ice sheets, and their overall response to a warming climate. Snow melt has a much reduced albedo, leading to additional seasonal melting from warming insolation. Water run-off not only contributes to the mass loss of ice sheets directly, but meltwater reaching the glacial ice bed may lubricate faster flow of ice sheets towards the ocean. Surficial meltwater may also reach the grounding lines of glacial ice through the wedging open of existing crevasses. The occurrence and amount of meltwater refreeze has even been suggested as a paleo proxy of near-surface atmospheric temperature regimes.\nUsing contemporary remote sensing (microwave) satellite assessment of surface melt occurrence and extent, the predictive skill of regional meteorological models and reanalyses (e.g. WRF, ERA-Interim) to describe the synoptic conditions favourable to surficial melt is to be investigated. Statistical approaches and pattern recognition techniques are argued to provide a context for projecting future ice sheet change.\nThe previous Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4) commented on our lack of understanding of ice-sheet mass balance processes in polar regions and the potential for sea-level change. The IPPC suggested that the forthcoming AR5 efforts highlight regional cryosphere modeling efforts, such as is proposed here.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Climate Model; Meteorology; Surface Melt", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -47.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Reusch, David", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000447", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs", "uid": "600166", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0538657 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-38.5 -76.2)"], "date_created": "Tue, 27 Oct 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains the results of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) performed on an archive of the GISP2 ice core containing the rapid climate warming of Dansgaard-Oeschger Event 21.", "east": -38.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-38.5 -76.2)"], "keywords": "Arctic; Geochemistry; GISP; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate", "locations": "Arctic", "north": -76.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Haines, Skylar; Mayewski, Paul A.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.", "project_titles": "Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000036", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.2, "title": "Ultra-High Resolution LA-ICP-MS Results: DO-21 Rapid Warming Event", "uid": "609635", "west": -38.5}, {"awards": "0538657 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.08 -79.47)"], "date_created": "Tue, 20 Oct 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set is a low-resolution set of measurements of d15N of N2 and d18O of O2, along with dO2/N and dAr/N2 supporting data, in the WAIS Divide 3405 m long ice core recovered in 2011. Data are distributed via FTP.", "east": -112.08, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.08 -79.47)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.47, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "project_titles": "Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000036", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.47, "title": "Low-res d15N and d18O of O2 in the WAIS Divide 06A Deep Core", "uid": "609660", "west": -112.08}, {"awards": "0732730 Truffer, Martin", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-100.5 -75.1)"], "date_created": "Fri, 31 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set is a time series of borehole temperatures at different depths from three thermistor strings deployed in three boreholes drilled through the Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, Antarctica.", "east": -100.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-100.5 -75.1)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Pine Island Glacier; Temperature", "locations": "Pine Island Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -75.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Truffer, Martin; Stanton, Timothy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research; IPY: Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000043", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research; IPY: Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -75.1, "title": "Borehole Temperatures at Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica", "uid": "609627", "west": -100.5}, {"awards": "0440701 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.125 -79.463)"], "date_created": "Mon, 08 Jun 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set shows the modeled surface temperature reconstruction from an inversion of the 300 m WDC05A borehole at the West Antarctic Divide Ice core site.", "east": -112.125, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.125 -79.463)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Temperature; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.463, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Orsi, Anais J.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the Proposed WAIS Divide Drilling Site", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000368", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the Proposed WAIS Divide Drilling Site"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.463, "title": "Surface Temperature Reconstruction from Borehole Temperature Measurement in WDC05A", "uid": "609638", "west": -112.125}, {"awards": "0538657 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.125 -79.463)"], "date_created": "Mon, 08 Jun 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes borehole temperature measurements performed in January 2008 and January 2009 at the West Antarctic Ice sheet divide from the 300 m hole WDC05A.", "east": -112.125, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.125 -79.463)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Temperature; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctica; WAIS Divide", "north": -79.463, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Orsi, Anais J.", "project_titles": "Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000036", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.463, "title": "Borehole Temperature Measurement in WDC05A in January 2008 and January 2009", "uid": "609637", "west": -112.125}, {"awards": "1043154 Tyler, Scott; 1043395 Holland, David; 1043217 Zagorodnov, Victor", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(167.5333 -77.76667)"], "date_created": "Tue, 05 May 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Fiber-optic equipped moorings for Raman backscatter Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) were installed at Windless Bight, Antarctica in November 2011. Continuous-in-space measurements of temperature were recorded every meter along the mooring.", "east": 167.5333, "geometry": ["POINT(167.5333 -77.76667)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Ice Shelf; McMurdo Sound; Mooring; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Ross Ice Shelf; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Ross Ice Shelf; McMurdo Sound; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.76667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Holland, David; Tyler, Scott W.; Zagorodnov, Victor", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Application of Distributed Temperature Sensors (DTS) for Antarctic Ice Shelves and Cavities", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000183", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Application of Distributed Temperature Sensors (DTS) for Antarctic Ice Shelves and Cavities"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.76667, "title": "Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing at Windless Bight", "uid": "609604", "west": 167.5333}, {"awards": "0944653 Forster, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-119.4 -78.1,-118.46 -78.1,-117.52 -78.1,-116.58 -78.1,-115.64 -78.1,-114.7 -78.1,-113.76 -78.1,-112.82 -78.1,-111.88 -78.1,-110.94 -78.1,-110 -78.1,-110 -78.29,-110 -78.48,-110 -78.67,-110 -78.86,-110 -79.05,-110 -79.24,-110 -79.43,-110 -79.62,-110 -79.81,-110 -80,-110.94 -80,-111.88 -80,-112.82 -80,-113.76 -80,-114.7 -80,-115.64 -80,-116.58 -80,-117.52 -80,-118.46 -80,-119.4 -80,-119.4 -79.81,-119.4 -79.62,-119.4 -79.43,-119.4 -79.24,-119.4 -79.05,-119.4 -78.86,-119.4 -78.67,-119.4 -78.48,-119.4 -78.29,-119.4 -78.1))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to broaden the knowledge of annual accumulation patterns over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet by processing existing near-surface radar data taken on the US ITASE traverse in 2000 and by gathering and validating new ultra/super-high-frequency (UHF) radar images of near surface layers (to depths of ~15 m), expanding abilities to monitor recent annual accumulation patterns from point source ice cores to radar lines. Shallow (15 m) ice cores will be collected in conjunction with UHF radar images to confirm that radar echoed returns correspond with annual layers, and/or sub-annual density changes in the near-surface snow, as determined from ice core stable isotopes. This project will additionally improve accumulation monitoring from space-borne instruments by comparing the spatial-radar-derived-annual accumulation time series to the passive microwave time series dating back over 3 decades and covering most of Antarctica. The intellectual merit of this project is that mapping the spatial and temporal variations in accumulation rates over the Antarctic ice sheet is essential for understanding ice sheet responses to climate forcing. Antarctic precipitation rate is projected to increase up to 20% in the coming century from the predicted warming. Accumulation is a key component for determining ice sheet mass balance and, hence, sea level rise, yet our ability to measure annual accumulation variability over the past 5 decades (satellite era) is mostly limited to point-source ice cores. Developing a radar and ice core derived annual accumulation dataset will provide validation data for space-born remote sensing algorithms, climate models and, additionally, establish accumulation trends. The broader impacts of the project are that it will advance discovery and understanding within the climatology, glaciology and remote sensing communities by verifying the use of UHF radars to monitor annual layers as determined by visual, chemical and isotopic analysis from corresponding shallow ice cores and will provide a dataset of annual to near-annual accumulation measurements over the past ~5 decades across WAIS divide from existing radar data and proposed radar data. By determining if temporal changes in the passive microwave signal are correlated with temporal changes in accumulation will help assess the utility of passive microwave remote sensing to monitor accumulation rates over ice sheets for future decades. The project will promote teaching, training and learning, and increase representation of underrepresented groups by becoming involved in the NASA History of Winter project and Thermochron Mission and by providing K-12 teachers with training to monitor snow accumulation and temperature here in the US, linking polar research to the student\u0027s backyard. The project will train both undergraduate and graduate students in polar research and will encouraging young investigators to become involved in careers in science. In particular, two REU students will participate in original research projects as part of this larger project, from development of a hypothesis to presentation and publication of the results. The support of a new, young woman scientist will help to increase gender diversity in polar research.\n", "east": -110.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-114.7 -79.05)"], "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Radar; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctica; WAIS Divide", "north": -78.1, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Forster, Richard", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Annual satellite era accumulation patterns over WAIS Divide: A study using shallow ice cores, near-surface radars and satellites", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000079", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Annual satellite era accumulation patterns over WAIS Divide: A study using shallow ice cores, near-surface radars and satellites"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -80.0, "title": "Annual Satellite Era Accumulation Patterns Over WAIS Divide: A Study Using Shallow Ice Cores, Near-Surface Radars and Satellites", "uid": "600146", "west": -119.4}, {"awards": "1142156 Marschall, Horst", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-6.44 -71.93,-5.378 -71.93,-4.316 -71.93,-3.254 -71.93,-2.192 -71.93,-1.13 -71.93,-0.068 -71.93,0.994 -71.93,2.056 -71.93,3.118 -71.93,4.18 -71.93,4.18 -71.998,4.18 -72.066,4.18 -72.134,4.18 -72.202,4.18 -72.27,4.18 -72.338,4.18 -72.406,4.18 -72.474,4.18 -72.542,4.18 -72.61,3.118 -72.61,2.056 -72.61,0.994 -72.61,-0.068 -72.61,-1.13 -72.61,-2.192 -72.61,-3.254 -72.61,-4.316 -72.61,-5.378 -72.61,-6.44 -72.61,-6.44 -72.542,-6.44 -72.474,-6.44 -72.406,-6.44 -72.338,-6.44 -72.27,-6.44 -72.202,-6.44 -72.134,-6.44 -72.066,-6.44 -71.998,-6.44 -71.93))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Geochemical studies of single mineral grains in rocks can be probed to reconstruct the history of our planet. The mineral zircon (ZrSiO4) is of unique importance in that respect because of its reliability as a geologic clock due to its strong persistence against weathering, transport and changes in temperature and pressure. Uranium-Lead (U-Pb) dating of zircon grains is, perhaps, the most frequently employed method of extracting time information on geologic processes that shaped the continental crust, and has been used to constrain the evolution of continents and mountain belts through time. In addition, the isotopic composition of the element Hafnium (Hf) in zircon is used to date when the continental crust was generated by extraction of magma from the underlying mantle. Melting of rocks in the mantle and deep in the continental crust are key processes in the evolution of the continents, and they are recorded in the Hf isotopic signatures of zircon. Although the analytical procedures for U-Pb dating and Hf isotope analyses of zircon are robust now, our understanding of zircon growth and its exchange of elements and isotopes with its surrounding rock or magma are still underdeveloped. The focus of the proposed study, therefore, is to unravel the evolution of zircon Hf isotopes in rocks that were formed deep in the Earth\u0027s crust, and more specifically, to apply these isotopic methods to rocks collected in Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica.\n\nDronning Maud Land (DML) occupied a central location during the formation of supercontinents - large landmasses made up of all the continents that exist today - more than 500 million years ago. It is currently thought that supercontinents were formed and dismembered five or six times throughout Earth\u0027s history. The area of DML is key for understanding the formation history of the last two supercontinents. The boundaries of continents that were merged to form those supercontinents are most likely hidden in DML. In this study, the isotopic composition of zircon grains recovered from DML rocks will be employed to identify these boundaries across an extensive section through the area. The rock samples were collected by the investigator during a two-month expedition to Antarctica in the austral summer of 2007-2008. The results of dating and isotope analyses of zircon of the different DML crustal domains will deliver significant insight into the regional geology of East Antarctica and its previous northern extension into Africa. This has significance for the reconstruction of the supercontinents and defining the continental boundaries in DML.\n", "east": 4.18, "geometry": ["POINT(-1.13 -72.27)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Dronning Maud Land; Geochemistry; Geochronology; Solid Earth", "locations": "Dronning Maud Land; Antarctica", "north": -71.93, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Marschall, Horst", "project_titles": "Zircon Hf Isotopes and the Continental Evolution of Dronning Maud Land, East Antacrtica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000448", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Zircon Hf Isotopes and the Continental Evolution of Dronning Maud Land, East Antacrtica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -72.61, "title": "Zircon Hf Isotopes and the Continental Evolution of Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica", "uid": "600135", "west": -6.44}, {"awards": "1142010 Talghader, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-148.81 -79.42,-145.111 -79.42,-141.412 -79.42,-137.713 -79.42,-134.014 -79.42,-130.315 -79.42,-126.616 -79.42,-122.917 -79.42,-119.218 -79.42,-115.519 -79.42,-111.82 -79.42,-111.82 -79.643,-111.82 -79.866,-111.82 -80.089,-111.82 -80.312,-111.82 -80.535,-111.82 -80.758,-111.82 -80.981,-111.82 -81.204,-111.82 -81.427,-111.82 -81.65,-115.519 -81.65,-119.218 -81.65,-122.917 -81.65,-126.616 -81.65,-130.315 -81.65,-134.014 -81.65,-137.713 -81.65,-141.412 -81.65,-145.111 -81.65,-148.81 -81.65,-148.81 -81.427,-148.81 -81.204,-148.81 -80.981,-148.81 -80.758,-148.81 -80.535,-148.81 -80.312,-148.81 -80.089,-148.81 -79.866,-148.81 -79.643,-148.81 -79.42))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to combine the expertise of both glaciologists and optical engineers to develop polarization- preserving optical scattering techniques for borehole tools to identify changes in high-resolution crystal structure (fabric) and dust content of glacial ice. The intellectual merit of this work is that the fabric and impurity content of the ice contain details on climate, volcanic activity and ice flow history. Such fabric measurements are currently taken by slicing an ice core into sections after it has started to depressurize which is an extremely time-intensive process that damages the core and does not always preserve the properties of ice in its in-situ state. In addition the ice core usually must be consumed in order to measure the components of the dust. The fabric measurements of this study utilize the concept that singly-scattered light in ice preserves most of its polarization when it is backscattered once from bubbles or dust; therefore, changes to the polarization of singly-backscattered light must originate with the birefringence. Measurements based on this concept will enable this program to obtain continuous records of fabric and correlate them to chronology and dust content. The project will also develop advanced borehole instruments to replace current logging tools, which require optical sources, detectors and power cables to be submerged in borehole fluid and lowered into the ice sheet at temperatures of -50oC. The use of telecommunications fiber will allow all sources and detectors to remain at the surface and enable low-noise signal processing techniques such as lock-in amplification that increase signal integrity and reduce needed power. Further, fiber logging systems would be much smaller and more flexible than current tools and capable of navigating most boreholes without a heavy winch. In order to assess fabric in situ and test fiber-optic borehole tools, field measurements will be made at WAIS Divide and a deep log will also be made at Siple Dome, both in West Antarctica. If successful, the broader impacts of the proposed research would include the development of new analytical methods and lightweight logging tools for ice drilling research that can operate in boreholes drilled in ice. Eventually the work could result in the development of better prehistoric records of glacier flow, atmospheric particulates, precipitation, and climate forcing. The project encompasses a broad base of theoretical, experimental, and design work, which makes it ideal for training graduate students and advanced undergraduates. Collaboration with schools and classroom teachers will help bring aspects of optics, climate, and polar science to an existing Middle School curriculum.", "east": -111.82, "geometry": ["POINT(-130.315 -80.535)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Ash Layer; Borehole Camera; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.42, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Talghader, Joseph", "project_titles": "Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000339", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -81.65, "title": "Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice (1142010)", "uid": "600172", "west": -148.81}, {"awards": "1041022 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-79 -60,-76.4 -60,-73.8 -60,-71.2 -60,-68.6 -60,-66 -60,-63.4 -60,-60.8 -60,-58.2 -60,-55.6 -60,-53 -60,-53 -61,-53 -62,-53 -63,-53 -64,-53 -65,-53 -66,-53 -67,-53 -68,-53 -69,-53 -70,-55.6 -70,-58.2 -70,-60.8 -70,-63.4 -70,-66 -70,-68.6 -70,-71.2 -70,-73.8 -70,-76.4 -70,-79 -70,-79 -69,-79 -68,-79 -67,-79 -66,-79 -65,-79 -64,-79 -63,-79 -62,-79 -61,-79 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The research will investigate the individual and combined effects of rising ocean acidification and sea surface temperatures on shallow-water calcified benthic organisms in western Antarctic Peninsular (WAP) marine communities. The Southern Ocean is predicted to become undersaturated in terms of both aragonite and calcite within 50 and 100 years, respectively, challenging calcification processes. Adding to the problem, antarctic calcified benthic marine organisms are more vulnerable to ocean acidification than temperate and tropical species because they are generally weakly calcified. Many antarctic organisms are essentially stenothermal, and those in the West Antarctic Peninsula are being subjected to rising seawater temperatures. The project employs both single-species and multi-species level approaches to evaluating the impacts of rising ocean acidification and seawater temperature on representative calcified and non-calcified macroalgae, on calcified and non-calcified mesograzers, and on a calcified macro-grazer, all of which are important ecological players in the rich benthic communities. Multi-species analysis will focus on the diverse assemblage of amphipods and mesogastropods that are associated with dominant macroalgae that collectively play a key role in community dynamics along the WAP. The project will support undergraduate research, both through NSF programs, as well as home university-based programs, some designed to enhance the representation of minorities in the sciences. The principal investigators also will support and foster graduate education through mentoring of graduate students. Through their highly successful UAB IN ANTARCTICA interactive web program, they will continue to involve large numbers of teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large in their scientific endeavors in Antarctica.", "east": -53.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-66 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "McClintock, James; Amsler, Charles; Angus, Robert", "project_titles": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000426", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica", "uid": "600122", "west": -79.0}, {"awards": "0539578 Alley, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.3 -79.433333)"], "date_created": "Thu, 14 Aug 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes bubble number-density measured at depths from 120 meters to 560 meters at 20-meter intervals in both horizontal and vertical samples. The data set also includes modeled temperature reconstructions based on the model developed by Spencer and others (2006).", "east": -112.3, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.3 -79.433333)"], "keywords": "Air Bubbles; Antarctica; Camera; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -79.433333, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Alley, Richard; Fegyveresi, John", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -79.433333, "title": "Bubble Number-density Data and Modeled Paleoclimates", "uid": "609538", "west": -112.3}, {"awards": "0944764 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"], "date_created": "Wed, 25 Jun 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set provides a new CO2 record from the Siple Dome ice core, Antarctica, that covers 7.4-9.0 ka (thousand years) with 8- to 16-year resolution. A small, about 1-2 ppm, increase of atmospheric CO2 during the 8.2 ka event was observed. The increase is not significant when compared to other centennial variations in the Holocene that are not linked to large temperature changes. The results do not agree with leaf stomata records that suggest a CO2 decrease of up to ~25 ppm and imply that the sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 to the primarily northern hemisphere cooling of the 8.2 ka event was limited.", "east": -148.82, "geometry": ["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Geochronology; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core; South Pole; WAISCORES", "locations": "Antarctica; South Pole; Siple Dome", "north": -81.66, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho", "project_titles": "Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000179", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.66, "title": "High-resolution Atmospheric CO2 during 7.4-9.0 ka", "uid": "609527", "west": -148.82}, {"awards": "0539232 Cuffey, Kurt", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.0865 -79.4676)"], "date_created": "Wed, 30 Apr 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set reports depth versus temperatures in the fluid-filled portion of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS\u2013D) deep borehole (70 to 3328 meters depth). Data were acquired on December 5, 2011 and have been post-processed to convert resistance to temperature.", "east": -112.0865, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.0865 -79.4676)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Temperature; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.4676, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Cuffey, Kurt M.; Clow, Gary D.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000038", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.4676, "title": "Temperature Profile of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Deep Borehole", "uid": "609550", "west": -112.0865}, {"awards": "0838937 Costa, Daniel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal\u0027s diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts.\n", "east": 169.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Ross Sea", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Costa, Daniel", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000661", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "uid": "600025", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "1043740 Lenczewski, Melissa", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165 -77.5,165.3 -77.5,165.6 -77.5,165.9 -77.5,166.2 -77.5,166.5 -77.5,166.8 -77.5,167.1 -77.5,167.4 -77.5,167.7 -77.5,168 -77.5,168 -77.6,168 -77.7,168 -77.8,168 -77.9,168 -78,168 -78.1,168 -78.2,168 -78.3,168 -78.4,168 -78.5,167.7 -78.5,167.4 -78.5,167.1 -78.5,166.8 -78.5,166.5 -78.5,166.2 -78.5,165.9 -78.5,165.6 -78.5,165.3 -78.5,165 -78.5,165 -78.4,165 -78.3,165 -78.2,165 -78.1,165 -78,165 -77.9,165 -77.8,165 -77.7,165 -77.6,165 -77.5))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The PI proposes to utilize computer models used by hydrogeologists to establish the fate and transport of contamination and determine the extent of drilling fluid contamination in the ANDRILL SMS core. For these models, previously collected logs of lithology, porosity, fracture density, fracture type, fracture orientation, drilling fluid loss, drilling fluid characteristics and temperature will be used as input parameters. In addition, biodegradation and sorption constants for the drilling fluid will be determined and incorporated into the models. Samples of drilling fluids used during coring as well as the return fluids were collected at the drill site using standard microbiological sampling techniques. Fluids will be tested at in situ temperatures under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to determine biodegradation constants. Sorption will be determined between the drilling fluids and core samples using standard isotherm methods. Geochemical and microbial fingerprints of the fluids and the changes during biodegradation will determine the potential impact of the drilling fluids on the isolated microbial communities and the geochemistry within various subsurface lithologic units beneath the southern McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. The results of this study could potentially provide guidelines on developing less detrimental methods for future exploration, if deemed necessary through this research.\nThis proposed project will train a graduate student. The methods developed for analyses of samples in this project will serve as a guide for future studies of similar interest and will improve the understanding of ecological impacts of geologic drilling in Antarctica. The results of this study will be used as a reference for comparison with future studies examining newly developed, and improved, sample collection methods in future exploratory drilling projects in pristine environments. The PI is new to Antarctic research.\n", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166.5 -78)"], "keywords": "Andrill; Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Drilling Fluid; Geochemistry; McMurdo; Ross Sea; Sediment Core", "locations": "McMurdo; Antarctica; Ross Sea", "north": -77.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Lenczewski, Melissa", "project_titles": "Fate of Drilling Fluids during the South McMurdo Sound Project (SMS) of the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000468", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Fate of Drilling Fluids during the South McMurdo Sound Project (SMS) of the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "ANDRILL", "south": -78.5, "title": "Fate of Drilling Fluids during the South McMurdo Sound Project (SMS) of the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL)", "uid": "600129", "west": 165.0}, {"awards": "1354231 Kowalewski, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-160 -70,-156 -70,-152 -70,-148 -70,-144 -70,-140 -70,-136 -70,-132 -70,-128 -70,-124 -70,-120 -70,-120 -71.5,-120 -73,-120 -74.5,-120 -76,-120 -77.5,-120 -79,-120 -80.5,-120 -82,-120 -83.5,-120 -85,-124 -85,-128 -85,-132 -85,-136 -85,-140 -85,-144 -85,-148 -85,-152 -85,-156 -85,-160 -85,-160 -83.5,-160 -82,-160 -80.5,-160 -79,-160 -77.5,-160 -76,-160 -74.5,-160 -73,-160 -71.5,-160 -70))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Intellectual Merit: Neogene sediment records recovered by ANDRILL suggest multiple events of open water conditions and elevated sea surface temperatures at times when terrestrial data from the McMurdo Dry Valleys indicate hyper arid, cold, desert conditions. Interpretation of the ANDRILL data suggests the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is highly sensitive to changes in Pliocene sea surface temperatures and this conclusion has been supported by recent Global Circulation Model results for the early to mid Pliocene. The PIs propose to model paleo-ice configurations and warm orbits associated with a WAIS collapse to assess potential climate change in East Antarctica. During such episodes of polar warmth they propose to answer: What is the limit of ablation along the East Antarctic Ice Sheet?; Are relict landforms in the Dry Valleys susceptible to modification from increase in maximum summertime temperatures?; and Is there sufficient increase in minimum wintertime temperatures to sustain a tundra environment in the Dry Valleys? Integration of depositional records and model outputs have the potential to test the performance of numerical models currently under development as part of ANDRILL; reconcile inconsistencies between marine and terrestrial paleoclimate records in high Southern Latitudes; and improve understanding of Antarctic climate and ice volume sensitivity to forcing for both the East Antarctic and West Antarctic Ice Sheets. Broader impacts: Results from this study have the potential to be used widely by the research community. Outreach to local elementary schools from other funded efforts will continue and be extended to homeschooled students. A Post Doc will be supported as part of this award.\n", "east": -120.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-140 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Model Data; Paleoclimate; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Antarctica; Transantarctic Mountains", "north": -70.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Kowalewski, Douglas", "project_titles": "Validating contrasting terrestrial climate-sensitive Pliocene deposits through high resolution modeling of paleo-environments in the Transantarctic Mountains", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000463", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Validating contrasting terrestrial climate-sensitive Pliocene deposits through high resolution modeling of paleo-environments in the Transantarctic Mountains"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -85.0, "title": "Validating contrasting terrestrial climate-sensitive Pliocene deposits through high resolution modeling of paleo-environments in the Transantarctic Mountains", "uid": "600140", "west": -160.0}, {"awards": "1019305 Grim, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Survival of Antarctic notothenioid fishes in the context of global climate change will depend upon the impact of rising oceanic temperatures on their embryonic development, yet little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this complex suite of processes. Many notothenioids are characterized by secondary pelagicism, which enables them to exploit food sources in the water column and is supported in part by skeletal pedomorphism. Here the PI proposes to examine the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate notothenioid skeletal pedomorphism. The research objectives are : 1) To quantify and localize ROS production and identify the point(s) of origin of ROS production in embryonic Antarctic fishes that differ in skeletal phenotypes 2) To determine whether the time course of embryogenesis and the extent of osteological development in embryonic Antarctic fishes can be altered by changing the oxidative status of the animal during embryogenesis 3) To evaluate whether transgenic alteration of oxidative status can induce skeletal pedomorphism in a fish model. Broader Impacts will include teaching undergraduate lectures, recruiting undergraduate students to help with lab analyses (and possibly field work), lectures and demonstrations to high school students, and allowing secondary educators access to personal photos and videos of research animals for curriculum development.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Biota; Fish Logs; LMG1203; LMG1204; LMG1205; Oceans; Pot; Southern Ocean; Trawl", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Grim, Jeffrey", "project_titles": "PostDoctoral Research Fellowship", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000482", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "PostDoctoral Research Fellowship"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Impact of Rising Oceanic Temperatures on the Embryonic Development of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "uid": "600119", "west": null}, {"awards": "0944764 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)", "POINT(-119.83 -80.01)"], "date_created": "Thu, 08 Aug 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "During the last glacial period atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature in Antarctica varied in a similar fashion on millennial time scales, but previous work indicates that these changes were gradual. In a detailed analysis of one event, we now find that approximately half of the CO2 increase that occurred during the 1500 year cold period between Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) Events 8 and 9 happened rapidly, over less than two centuries. This rise in CO2 was synchronous with, or slightly later than, a rapid increase of Antarctic temperature inferred from stable isotopes.", "east": -119.83, "geometry": ["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)", "POINT(-119.83 -80.01)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Arctic; Byrd; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; CO2; Geochemistry; GISP2; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Methane; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome Ice Core; Taylor Dome; Taylor Dome Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctica; Taylor Dome; Arctic", "north": -80.01, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho", "project_titles": "Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000179", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core; Taylor Dome Ice Core; Byrd Ice Core", "south": -81.66, "title": "Abrupt Change in Atmospheric CO2 During the Last Ice Age", "uid": "609539", "west": -148.82}, {"awards": "8519083 Kamb, Barcley; 9615420 Kamb, Barclay", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-148.808333 -81.07364,-147.5100275 -81.07364,-146.211722 -81.07364,-144.9134165 -81.07364,-143.615111 -81.07364,-142.3168055 -81.07364,-141.0185 -81.07364,-139.7201945 -81.07364,-138.421889 -81.07364,-137.1235835 -81.07364,-135.825278 -81.07364,-135.825278 -81.3341927,-135.825278 -81.5947454,-135.825278 -81.8552981,-135.825278 -82.1158508,-135.825278 -82.3764035,-135.825278 -82.6369562,-135.825278 -82.8975089,-135.825278 -83.1580616,-135.825278 -83.4186143,-135.825278 -83.679167,-137.1235835 -83.679167,-138.421889 -83.679167,-139.7201945 -83.679167,-141.0185 -83.679167,-142.3168055 -83.679167,-143.615111 -83.679167,-144.9134165 -83.679167,-146.211722 -83.679167,-147.5100275 -83.679167,-148.808333 -83.679167,-148.808333 -83.4186143,-148.808333 -83.1580616,-148.808333 -82.8975089,-148.808333 -82.6369562,-148.808333 -82.3764035,-148.808333 -82.1158508,-148.808333 -81.8552981,-148.808333 -81.5947454,-148.808333 -81.3341927,-148.808333 -81.07364))"], "date_created": "Thu, 13 Jun 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains temperature-depth profile measurements taken in 22 boreholes drilled on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, which exhibit two distinctly different thermal states of basal ice: a warm state and a relatively colder state. The data are available in ASCII Text Format (.txt) and Portable Document Format (PDF) via FTP.", "east": -135.825278, "geometry": ["POINT(-142.3168055 -82.3764035)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -81.07364, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Engelhardt, Hermann", "project_titles": "Basal Conditions of Ice Stream D and Related Borehole Studies of Antarctic Ice Stream Mechanics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000181", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Basal Conditions of Ice Stream D and Related Borehole Studies of Antarctic Ice Stream Mechanics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -83.679167, "title": "Temperature of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "uid": "609537", "west": -148.808333}, {"awards": "0838892 Burns, Jennifer", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal\u0027s diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts.", "east": 169.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Ross Sea", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Burns, Jennifer", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000661", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "uid": "600101", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "0838850 Gooseff, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-163.3 -77.62,-163.202 -77.62,-163.104 -77.62,-163.006 -77.62,-162.908 -77.62,-162.81 -77.62,-162.712 -77.62,-162.614 -77.62,-162.516 -77.62,-162.418 -77.62,-162.32 -77.62,-162.32 -77.631,-162.32 -77.642,-162.32 -77.653,-162.32 -77.664,-162.32 -77.675,-162.32 -77.686,-162.32 -77.697,-162.32 -77.708,-162.32 -77.719,-162.32 -77.73,-162.418 -77.73,-162.516 -77.73,-162.614 -77.73,-162.712 -77.73,-162.81 -77.73,-162.908 -77.73,-163.006 -77.73,-163.104 -77.73,-163.202 -77.73,-163.3 -77.73,-163.3 -77.719,-163.3 -77.708,-163.3 -77.697,-163.3 -77.686,-163.3 -77.675,-163.3 -77.664,-163.3 -77.653,-163.3 -77.642,-163.3 -77.631,-163.3 -77.62))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Two models have been proposed to describe controls over microbial biogeography. One model proposes that microbes are ubiquitously distributed across the global environment, and that environmental conditions select for taxa physiologically adapted to local physical conditions. An alternative model predicts that dispersal is the important limitation to the distribution of microorganisms and that spatial heterogeneity of microbial communities is a result of both dispersal and local environmental limitations. According to both models, spatial heterogeneity of microbial communities may be especially pronounced in extreme ecosystems where the environmental selection for organisms with suitable physiology is most strongly manifest. We propose that Antarctic terrestrial environments are ideal places to examine microbial biogeography for 3 reasons: 1) the pristine nature and remoteness of Antarctica minimizes the prevalence of exotic species dispersed through human vectors; 2) the extreme conditions of Antarctic environments provide a strong environmental filter which limits the establishment of non-indigenous taxa; and 3) extreme heterogeneity in the terrestrial environment provides natural gradients of soil conditions (temperature, water and nutrient availability). In the proposed research we will investigate the influence of snow on the composition and spatial distribution of soil microbial communities and linked biogeochemical cycling in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. We will conduct fieldwork at the landscape scale (repeated remote sensing to characterize snow distribution), at the valley and patch scales (quantify snow patch ablation, microbial communities and biogeochemical cycling in subnivian soils). We hypothesize that snow patches play an important role in structuring the spatial distribution of soil microbial communities and their associated ecosystem functioning because of the physical and hydrological influences that snow patches have on the soil environment. The research will contribute to greater public awareness of the importance of polar research to fundamental questions of biology, ecology and hydrology through direct linkages with International Antarctic Institute public outreach activities, including dissemination of web-based learning units on environmental science and microbiology, targeted as resources for secondary and post-secondary educators. Three graduate students, one postdoctoral scholar and multiple undergraduates will participate in the research activities.\n", "east": -162.32, "geometry": ["POINT(-162.81 -77.675)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Critical Zone; Mps-1 Water Potential Sensor; Physical Properties; Soil Moisture; Soil Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.62, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Gooseff, Michael N.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Role of Snow Patches on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Microbial Communities and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Antarctic Dry Valleys", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000489", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Role of Snow Patches on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Microbial Communities and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Antarctic Dry Valleys"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.73, "title": "The Role of Snow Patches on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Microbial Communities and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Antarctic Dry Valleys", "uid": "600100", "west": -163.3}, {"awards": "0741301 O\u0027Brien, Kristin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.45 -63.29,-64.249 -63.29,-64.048 -63.29,-63.847 -63.29,-63.646 -63.29,-63.445 -63.29,-63.244 -63.29,-63.043 -63.29,-62.842 -63.29,-62.641 -63.29,-62.44 -63.29,-62.44 -63.371,-62.44 -63.452,-62.44 -63.533,-62.44 -63.614,-62.44 -63.695,-62.44 -63.776,-62.44 -63.857,-62.44 -63.938,-62.44 -64.019,-62.44 -64.1,-62.641 -64.1,-62.842 -64.1,-63.043 -64.1,-63.244 -64.1,-63.445 -64.1,-63.646 -64.1,-63.847 -64.1,-64.048 -64.1,-64.249 -64.1,-64.45 -64.1,-64.45 -64.019,-64.45 -63.938,-64.45 -63.857,-64.45 -63.776,-64.45 -63.695,-64.45 -63.614,-64.45 -63.533,-64.45 -63.452,-64.45 -63.371,-64.45 -63.29))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic notothenioid fishes have evolved in the Southern Ocean for 10-14 MY under an unusual set of circumstances. Their characteristics include the complete absence of the circulating oxygen-binding protein, hemoglobin (Hb) within the Channichthyid (Icefish) family of notothenioids. Moreover, some species within the 16 members of this family have also lost the ability to express the oxygen-binding and storage protein, myoglobin (Mb) in cardiac muscle. Our previous work has determined that the loss of Hb and/or Mb is correlated with significant increases in densities of mitochondria within oxidative tissues, and extensive remodeling of these vital organelles. To date, nothing is known about how modifications in mitochondrial architecture of icefishes affect organelle function, or more importantly, how they affect organismal-level physiology. Most critical for Antarctic fishes is that mitochondrial characteristics have been linked to how well ectotherms can withstand increases in temperature. \nThis collaborative research project will address the hypothesis that the unusual mitochondrial architecture of Antarctic Channichthyids has led to changes in function that impact their ability to withstand elevations in temperature. Specifically, the research will (1) determine if the unusual mitochondrial architecture of icefishes affects function and contributes to organismal thermal sensitivity, (2) identify differences in organismal thermal tolerance between red- and white- blooded notothenioids, (3) identify molecular mechanisms regulating changes in mitochondrial structure in icefishes. The results may establish channichthyid icefishes as a sentinel taxon for signaling the impact of global warming on the Southern Ocean. Broad impacts of this project will be realized by participation of high school biology teachers in field work through cooperation with the ARMADA project at the University of Rhode Island, as well as graduate education.\n", "east": -62.44, "geometry": ["POINT(-63.445 -63.695)"], "keywords": "Biota; Oceans; Pot; Southern Ocean; Trawl", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -63.29, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "O\u0027Brien, Kristin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Linkages among Mitochondrial Form, Function and Thermal Tolerance of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000483", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Linkages among Mitochondrial Form, Function and Thermal Tolerance of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.1, "title": "Linkages among Mitochondrial Form, Function and Thermal Tolerance of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "uid": "600084", "west": -64.45}, {"awards": "0739783 Junge, Karen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The mechanisms enabling bacteria to be metabolically active at very low temperatures are of considerable importance to polar microbial ecology, astrobiology, climate and cryopreservation. This research program has two main objectives. The first is to investigate metabolic activities and gene expression of polar marine psychrophilic bacteria when confronted with freezing conditions at temperatures above the eutectic of seawater (\u003c54C) to unveil cold adaptation mechanisms with relevance to wintertime sea-ice ecology. The second objective is to discern if psychrophilic processes of leucine incorporation into proteins, shown to occur to -196C, amount to metabolic activity providing for the survival of cells or are merely biochemical reactions still possible in flash-frozen samples without any effect on survival. We will examine extracellular and intracellular processes of psychrophilic activity above and below the eutectic by (i) determining the temperature range of metabolic activities such as DNA synthesis, carbon utilization, respiration and ATP generation using radioactive tracer technology, including a control at liquid helium temperature (-268.9C), (ii) analyzing gene expression in ice using whole genome and microarray analyses and iii) examining the role of exopolymeric substances (EPS) and ice micro-physics for the observed activity using an in-situ microscopy technique. Results of the proposed research can be expected to aid in the determination of cellular and genetic strategies that allow cells to maintain activity at extremely low temperatures within an icy matrix and/or to resume activity again when more growth-permissive conditions are encountered. The research is an interdisciplinary collaboration involving three different institutions with participants in Oceanography, Genomics, and Geophysical Sciences. The proposed activity will support the beginning professional career of a female researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Microbiology; Oceans; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Junge, Karen", "project_titles": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000673", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice", "uid": "600083", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0739681 Murray, Alison; 0739698 Doran, Peter", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(161.931 -77.3885)"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Lake Vida is the largest lake of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, with an approximately 20 m ice cover overlaying a brine of unknown depth with at least 7 times seawater salinity and temperatures below -10 degrees C year-round. Samples of brine collected from ice above the main water body contain 1) the highest nitrous oxide levels of any natural water body on Earth, 2) unusual geochemistry including anomalously high ammonia and iron concentrations, 3) high microbial counts with an unusual proportion (99%) of ultramicrobacteria. The microbial community is unique even compared to other Dry Valley Lakes. The research proposes to enter, for the first time the main brine body below the thick ice of Lake Vida and perform in situ measurements, collect samples of the brine column, and collect sediment cores from the lake bottom for detailed geochemical and microbiological analyses. The results will allow the characterization of present and past life in the lake, assessment of modern and past sedimentary processes, and determination of the lake\u0027s history. The research will be conducted by a multidisciplinary team that will uncover the biogeochemical processes associated with a non-photosynthetic microbial community isolated for a significant period of time. This research will address diversity, adaptive mechanisms and evolutionary processes in the context of the physical evolution of the environment of Lake Vida. Results will be widely disseminated through publications, presentations at national and international meetings, through the Subglacial Antarctic Lake Exploration (SALE) web site and the McMurdo LTER web site. The research will support three graduate students and three undergraduate research assistants. The results will be incorporated into a new undergraduate biogeosciences course at the University of Illinois at Chicago which has an extremely diverse student body, dominated by minorities.", "east": 161.931, "geometry": ["POINT(161.931 -77.3885)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Carbon-14; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Dry Valleys; Geochronology; Ice Core Records; Lake Vida; Microbiology", "locations": "Dry Valleys; Lake Vida; Antarctica", "north": -77.3885, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Murray, Alison", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000485", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.3885, "title": "Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica", "uid": "600080", "west": 161.931}, {"awards": "0944743 Buckley, Bradley", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.66667 -77.83333)"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The research will investigate a novel mechanism by which cold-adapted fishes of the Southern Ocean sense and respond to elevated temperatures. It is hypothesized that sub-lethal heat stress may induce cell cycle arrest and/or programmed cell death through apoptosis. The study will use genome-enabled technologies to examine the environmental control over gene expression in Antarctic species and will build direct mechanistic links between the expression of a specific signaling pathway gene and heat-induced changes in cells. Prior results support the hypothesis that heat stress results in cell cycle arrest and, in some cases, programmed cell death in Antarctic fishes. If so, this represents a novel, modified version of the well-conserved cellular stress response found in essentially all other species and suggests that warming ocean temperatures may have profound cellular and physiological impacts on these extremely stenothermal species. The P.I. conducts outreach activities with the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry, will be involved in developing a science curriculum for the Native American Youth and Family Center (NAYA) Early College Academy in Portland, and supports the educational and professional development of both undergraduate and graduate students at Portland State University.\n", "east": 166.66667, "geometry": ["POINT(166.66667 -77.83333)"], "keywords": "Biota; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -77.83333, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Buckley, Bradley", "project_titles": "The Cellular Stress Response in Cold-adapted Organisms: Building Novel Mechanistic Links between Heat Stress, Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Antarctic Fishes.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000493", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The Cellular Stress Response in Cold-adapted Organisms: Building Novel Mechanistic Links between Heat Stress, Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Antarctic Fishes."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.83333, "title": "The Cellular Stress Response in Cold-adapted Organisms: Building Novel Mechanistic Links between Heat Stress, Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Antarctic Fishes.", "uid": "600118", "west": 166.66667}, {"awards": "1019838 Wendt, Dean", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic Peninsula is among the most rapidly warming regions on earth. Increased heat from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current has elevated the temperature of the 300 m of shelf water below the permanent pycnocline by 0.7 degrees C. This trend has displaced the once dominant cold, dry continental Antarctic climate, and is causing multi-level responses in the marine ecosystem. One striking example of the ecosystem response to warming has been the local declines in ice-dependent Ad\u00e9lie penguins. The changes in these apex predators are thought to be driven by alterations in phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition, and the foraging limitations and diet differences between these species. One of the most elusive questions facing researchers interested in the foraging ecology of the Ad\u00e9lie penguin, namely, what are the biophysical properties that characterize the three dimensional foraging space of this top predator? The research will combine the real-time site and diving information from the Ad\u00e9lie penguin satellite tags with the full characterization of the oceanography and the penguins prey field using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). While some of these changes have been documented over large spatial scales of the WAP, it is now thought that the causal mechanisms that favor of one life history strategy over another may actually operate over much smaller scales than previously thought, specifically on the scale of local breeding sites and over-wintering areas. Characterization of prey fields on these local scales has yet to be done and one that the AUV is ideally suited. The results will have a direct tie to the climate induced changes that are occurring in the West Antarctic Peninsula. This study will also highlight a new approach to linking an autonomous platform to bird behavior that could be expanded to include the other two species of penguins and examine the seasonal differences in their foraging behavior and prey selection. From a vehicle perspective, this effort will inform the AUV user community of new sensor suites and/or data processing approaches that are required to better evaluate foraging habitat. The project also will help transition AUV platforms into routine investigative tools for this region, which is chronically under sampled and will remain difficult to access\n", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Wendt, Dean; Moline, Mark", "project_titles": "Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000662", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle", "uid": "600120", "west": null}, {"awards": "1043779 Mellish, Jo-Ann", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165.83333 -77.51528,165.923331 -77.51528,166.013332 -77.51528,166.103333 -77.51528,166.193334 -77.51528,166.283335 -77.51528,166.373336 -77.51528,166.463337 -77.51528,166.553338 -77.51528,166.643339 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.55153,166.73334 -77.58778,166.73334 -77.62403,166.73334 -77.66028,166.73334 -77.69653,166.73334 -77.73278,166.73334 -77.76903,166.73334 -77.80528,166.73334 -77.84153,166.73334 -77.87778,166.643339 -77.87778,166.553338 -77.87778,166.463337 -77.87778,166.373336 -77.87778,166.283335 -77.87778,166.193334 -77.87778,166.103333 -77.87778,166.013332 -77.87778,165.923331 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.84153,165.83333 -77.80528,165.83333 -77.76903,165.83333 -77.73278,165.83333 -77.69653,165.83333 -77.66028,165.83333 -77.62403,165.83333 -77.58778,165.83333 -77.55153,165.83333 -77.51528))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Despite being an essential physiological component of homeotherm life in polar regions, little is known about the energetic requirements for thermoregulation in either air or water for high- latitude seals. In a joint field and modeling study, the principal investigators will quantify these costs for the Weddell seal under both ambient air and water conditions. The field research will include innovative heat flux, digestive and locomotor cost telemetry on 40 free-ranging seals combined with assessments of animal health (morphometrics, hematology and clinical chemistry panels), quantity (ultrasound) and quality (tissue biopsy) of blubber insulation, and determination of surface skin temperature patterns (infrared thermography). Field-collected data will be combined with an established individual based computational energetics model to define cost-added thresholds in body condition for different body masses. This study will fill a major knowledge gap by providing data essential to modeling all aspects of pinniped life history, in particular for ice seals. Such parameterization of energetic cost components will be essential for the accurate modeling of responses by pinnipeds to environmental variance, including direct and indirect effects driven by climate change. The study also will provide extensive opportunities in polar field work, animal telemetry, biochemical analyses and computational modeling for up to three undergraduate students and one post-doctoral researcher. Integrated education and outreach efforts will educate the public (K-12 through adult) on the importance of quantifying energetic costs of thermoregulation for marine mammals and the need to understand responses of species to environmental variance. This effort will include a custom-built, interactive hands-on mobile exhibit, and development of content for an Ocean Today kiosk.\n", "east": 166.73334, "geometry": ["POINT(166.283335 -77.69653)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Seals; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Ross Sea; Sea Surface", "north": -77.51528, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Mellish, Jo-Ann", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000343", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.87778, "title": "Thermoregulation in Free-Living Antarctic Seals: The Missing Link in Effective Ecological Modeling", "uid": "600130", "west": 165.83333}, {"awards": "0538674 Winebrenner, Dale", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(73.17 -78.47)"], "date_created": "Mon, 15 Aug 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set provides a modeled radar attenuation rate profile, showing the predicted contributions from pure ice and impurities to radar attenuation at the Vostok 5G ice core site in Antarctica, as well as the total attenuation rate and its formal uncertainty. The model data are based on borehole temperature logs, concentrations of major soluble ions measured from melted ice core samples, and information about the electrical conductivity of ice. Attenuation rates and their spatial variability are important constraints for radar studies of ice sheets. Parameters include depth, total attenuation rate, and attenuation rate contribution from pure ice, acidity, and salinity.\n\nData are available via FTP as a text file (.txt) with columns in comma separated value format.", "east": 73.17, "geometry": ["POINT(73.17 -78.47)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Lake Vostok; Radar Attenuation Rate; Vostok Ice Core", "locations": "Lake Vostok; Antarctica", "north": -78.47, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Macgregor, Joseph A.; Matsuoka, Kenichi; Studinger, Michael S.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Deciphering the Deep Ice and the Ice-water Interface over Lake Vostok Using Existing Radar Data", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000090", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Deciphering the Deep Ice and the Ice-water Interface over Lake Vostok Using Existing Radar Data"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.47, "title": "Modeled Radar Attenuation Rate Profile at the Vostok 5G Ice Core Site, Antarctica", "uid": "609501", "west": 73.17}, {"awards": "0540915 Scambos, Ted", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-60 -47,-55.5 -47,-51 -47,-46.5 -47,-42 -47,-37.5 -47,-33 -47,-28.5 -47,-24 -47,-19.5 -47,-15 -47,-15 -50.3,-15 -53.6,-15 -56.9,-15 -60.2,-15 -63.5,-15 -66.8,-15 -70.1,-15 -73.4,-15 -76.7,-15 -80,-19.5 -80,-24 -80,-28.5 -80,-33 -80,-37.5 -80,-42 -80,-46.5 -80,-51 -80,-55.5 -80,-60 -80,-60 -76.7,-60 -73.4,-60 -70.1,-60 -66.8,-60 -63.5,-60 -60.2,-60 -56.9,-60 -53.6,-60 -50.3,-60 -47))"], "date_created": "Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes a variety of station data from two Antarctic icebergs. In 2006, researchers installed specialized weather stations called Automated Meteorological Ice Geophysical Observing Stations (AMIGOS) on two icebergs, A22A and UK211 (nicknamed Amigosberg), near Marambio Station in Antarctica.The AMIGOS stations were outfitted with Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors, cameras, and an electronic thermometer. They collected data from their installation in March 2006 until the icebergs crumbled into the ocean, in 2006 (Amigosberg) and 2007 (A22A). Available data include GPS, temperature and ablation measurements, and photographs of the station base and of flag lines extending out to the edges of the icebergs. Snow pit data from iceberg A22A is also included.\n\nThis data set was collected as part of a National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs Special Grant for Exploratory Research, to explore the possibility of using drfting icebergs to investigate ice shelf evolution caused by climate change. The expedition, nicknamed IceTrek, was conducted jointly with Argentine scientists. The data are available via FTP in ASCII text (.txt) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (.jpg) formats.", "east": -15.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-37.5 -63.5)"], "keywords": "Ablation; Atmosphere; Glaciology; GPS; Meteorology; Oceans; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -47.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Scambos, Ted; Bohlander, Jennifer; Bauer, Rob; Yermolin, Yevgeny; Thom, Jonathan", "project_titles": "Investigating Iceberg Evolution During Drift and Break-Up: A Proxy for Climate-Related Changes in Antarctic Ice Shelves", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000003", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Investigating Iceberg Evolution During Drift and Break-Up: A Proxy for Climate-Related Changes in Antarctic Ice Shelves"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "Climate, Drift, and Image Data from Antarctic Icebergs A22A and UK211, 2006-2007", "uid": "609466", "west": -60.0}, {"awards": "0542164 Taylor, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "A focused plan is presented to investigate the role and importance of short period (\u003c1 hour) gravity waves on the dynamics of the Antarctic Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region (~80-100 km). Excited primarily by deep convection, frontal activity, topography, and strong wind shears in the lower atmosphere, these waves transport energy and momentum upwards where they have a profound influence on the MLT dynamics. Most of the wave forcing is expected to occur at mid-and low-latitudes where such sources predominate. However, short-period waves (exhibiting similar characteristics to mid-latitude events) have now been detected in copious quantities from research sites on the Antarctic Peninsula and the coastal regions exhibiting strong anisotropy in their dominant horizontal motions (and hence their momentum fluxes). Radiosonde measurements have established the existence of ubiquitous gravity wave activity at South Pole but, to date, there have been no detailed measurements of the properties of short-period waves at MLT heights deep in the Antarctic interior. In particular, the South Pole Station is uniquely situated to investigate the filtering and penetration of these waves into the MLT region, a substantial fraction of which may be ducted waves traveling over vast geographic distances (several thousand km). Novel image measurements at South Pole Station combined with existing measurement programs will provide an unprecedented capability for quantifying the role of these gravity waves on the regional MLT dynamics over central Antarctica. This research also contributes to the training and education of both the graduate and undergraduate students.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Radiosonde; South Pole", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Taylor, Michael", "project_titles": "Quantifying the Role of Short-Period Gravity Waves on the Antarctic Mesospheric Dynamics Using an Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000684", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Quantifying the Role of Short-Period Gravity Waves on the Antarctic Mesospheric Dynamics Using an Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Quantifying the Role of Short-Period Gravity Waves on the Antarctic Mesospheric Dynamics Using an Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper", "uid": "600060", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0632389 Murray, Alison", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-65.3827 -64.4213,-65.13333 -64.4213,-64.88396 -64.4213,-64.63459 -64.4213,-64.38522 -64.4213,-64.13585 -64.4213,-63.88648 -64.4213,-63.63711 -64.4213,-63.38774 -64.4213,-63.13837 -64.4213,-62.889 -64.4213,-62.889 -64.47176,-62.889 -64.52222,-62.889 -64.57268,-62.889 -64.62314,-62.889 -64.6736,-62.889 -64.72406,-62.889 -64.77452,-62.889 -64.82498,-62.889 -64.87544,-62.889 -64.9259,-63.13837 -64.9259,-63.38774 -64.9259,-63.63711 -64.9259,-63.88648 -64.9259,-64.13585 -64.9259,-64.38522 -64.9259,-64.63459 -64.9259,-64.88396 -64.9259,-65.13333 -64.9259,-65.3827 -64.9259,-65.3827 -64.87544,-65.3827 -64.82498,-65.3827 -64.77452,-65.3827 -64.72406,-65.3827 -64.6736,-65.3827 -64.62314,-65.3827 -64.57268,-65.3827 -64.52222,-65.3827 -64.47176,-65.3827 -64.4213))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Western Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing one of the most rapid rates of climate warming on Earth, with an increase of 5degrees C in the mean winter temperature in 50 years. Impacts on upper trophic levels are evident, though there have been few, if any studies that have considered the impacts on bacterioplankton in the Southern Ocean. This proposal will characterize the winter bacterioplankton genome, transcriptome, and proteome and discover those features (community composition, genes up-regulated, and proteins expressed) that are essential to winter bacterioplankton survival and livelihood. We have assembled a polar ocean ecology and genomics network including strategic partnerships with Palmer LTER, the British Antarctic Survey\u0027s ocean metagenome program, US and Canadian scientists studying the Arctic Ocean genome, an Australian colleague who specialized in archaeal proteomics, and French colleagues studying Sub-Antarctic and Coastal Adelie Land marine bacterioplankton. The primary objectives of this program are: 1 Describe the differences in diversity and genomic content between austral winter and summer bacterioplankton communities. 2. Investigate the winter-time bacterioplankton growth and cellular signals (mRNA and proteins expressed) in order to understand the specific adaptations key to survival. Our results will extend from the Antarctic to the Arctic - as the cold, dark, carbon-limited deep seas linking these two systems have many common features. Education and outreach activities target (i) undergraduate and graduate students, hopefully including minority students recruited through the Diversity in Research in Environmental and Marine Sciences (DREAMS) Program at VIMS; (ii) a broad audience with our education and outreach partnerships with The Cousteau Society and with the Census for Antarctic Marine Life program. Data and links to external databases will be listed on the http://genex2.dri.edu website. Sequence data will be publicly accessible in GenBank and IMG-M databases.", "east": -62.889, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.13585 -64.6736)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -64.4213, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Grzymski, Joseph; Murray, Alison", "project_titles": "IPY: Bacterioplankton Genomic Adaptations to Antarctic Winter", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000091", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "IPY: Bacterioplankton Genomic Adaptations to Antarctic Winter"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.9259, "title": "IPY: Bacterioplankton Genomic Adaptations to Antarctic Winter", "uid": "600061", "west": -65.3827}, {"awards": "0338151 Raymond, Charles", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.09 -79.47)"], "date_created": "Tue, 15 Jun 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains the results of a model study of spatial variations of ice temperature and subglacial conditions using available ice-penetrating radar data around a future deep ice coring site near the Ross and Amundsen flow divide of West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The model data are based on radar data collected by the Support Office of Aerogeophysical Research (SOAR) at the University of Texas, and the University of Washington, in 2000. The data include values for attenuation estimates for individual radar profiles.\n\nData are available via FTP in MATLAB (.mat) and Portable Document (.pdf) formats.", "east": -112.09, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.09 -79.47)"], "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Radar; WAIS Divide", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.47, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Raymond, Charles; Matsuoka, Kenichi", "project_titles": "Glaciological Characteristics of the Ross/Amundsen Sea Ice-flow Divide Deduced by a New Analysis of Ice-penetrating Radar Data", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000017", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Glaciological Characteristics of the Ross/Amundsen Sea Ice-flow Divide Deduced by a New Analysis of Ice-penetrating Radar Data"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.47, "title": "Englacial Layers and Attenuation Rates across the Ross and Amundsen Sea Ice-Flow Divide (WAIS Divide), West Antarctica", "uid": "609470", "west": -112.09}, {"awards": "0440523 Baker, Ian; 0538195 Marone, Chris; 0424589 Gogineni, S. Prasad", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-147.753056 61.781667)", "POINT(-83.006944 40.067222)", "POINT(147.758889 61.779444)"], "date_created": "Wed, 14 Apr 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes the results of laboratory experiments examining the constitutive properties of subglacial till, under dynamic stressing. The data include the results of shear strain and stress experiments. Testing was carried out in a servo-controlled biaxial shear device under controlled temperature and stress conditions, allowing both sliding and microstructural processes to be studied in detail. Till samples were collected from Matanuska, Alaska and from Caesar till at the Laurentide Ice Sheet. \n\nThe data are available via FTP in ASCII text format (.txt).", "east": 147.758889, "geometry": ["POINT(-147.753056 61.781667)", "POINT(-83.006944 40.067222)", "POINT(147.758889 61.779444)"], "keywords": "Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Shear Stress; Solid Earth; Strain", "locations": null, "north": 61.781667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Marone, Chris; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar", "project_titles": "Laboratory Study of Stick-Slip Behavior and Deformation Mechanics of Subglacial Till", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000554", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Laboratory Study of Stick-Slip Behavior and Deformation Mechanics of Subglacial Till"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": 40.067222, "title": "Laboratory Study of Stick-Slip Behavior and Deformation Mechanics of Subglacial Till", "uid": "609460", "west": -147.753056}, {"awards": "0440687 Costa, Daniel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64 -60,-63 -60,-62 -60,-61 -60,-60 -60,-59 -60,-58 -60,-57 -60,-56 -60,-55 -60,-54 -60,-54 -60.4,-54 -60.8,-54 -61.2,-54 -61.6,-54 -62,-54 -62.4,-54 -62.8,-54 -63.2,-54 -63.6,-54 -64,-55 -64,-56 -64,-57 -64,-58 -64,-59 -64,-60 -64,-61 -64,-62 -64,-63 -64,-64 -64,-64 -63.6,-64 -63.2,-64 -62.8,-64 -62.4,-64 -62,-64 -61.6,-64 -61.2,-64 -60.8,-64 -60.4,-64 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "As long-lived animals, marine mammals must be capable of accommodating broad variations in food resources over large spatial and temporal scales. While this is true of all marine mammals, variation in the physical and biological environmental is particularly profound in the Southern Ocean. A basic understanding of the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of pelagic predators requires knowledge of this spatial and temporal variation, coupled with information of how they respond to these changes. Current understanding of these associations is primarily limited to population level studies where animal abundance has been correlated with oceanography. Although these studies are informative, they cannot provide insights into the strategies employed by individual animals nor can they provide insights into the spatial or temporal course of these interactions. Recent technological advances in instrumentation make it possible to extend an understanding beyond the simple linkage of prey and predator distributions with environmental features. The key to understanding the processes that lead to high predator abundance is the identification of the specific foraging behaviors associated with different features of the water column. This study will accomplish these objectives by combining accurate positional data, measures of diving and foraging behavior, animal-derived water-column temperature and salinity data, and available oceanographic data. This project will examine the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of two species of contrasting foraging ecology, the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, and the crabeater seal, Lobodon carcinophagus in the Western Antarctic Peninsula, a region of strong environmental gradients. Although these two species are phylogenetically related, they utilize substantially different but adjacent habitat types. Southern elephant seals are predominantly pelagic, moving throughout the southern ocean, venturing occasionally into the seasonal pack ice whereas crabeater seals range throughout the seasonal pack ice, venturing occasionally into open water. The relationship of specific foraging behaviors and animal movement patterns to oceanographic and bathymetric features develop and test models of the importance of these features in defining habitat use will be determined along with a comparison of how individuals of each species respond to annual variability in the marine environment. The physical oceanography of the Southern Ocean is inherently complex as are the biological processes that are intrinsically linked to oceanographic processes. Significant resources are currently being directed toward developing mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes with the goals of better understanding the role that the Southern Ocean plays in global climate processes, predicting the responses of ocean and global scale processes to climate change, and understanding the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. These efforts have been limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data in the region, especially at high latitudes in the winter months. This study will provide new and significant oceanographic data on temperature and salinity profiles in to further the understanding of the dynamics of the upper water column of west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf waters. Outreach activities include website development and an association with a marine education program at the Monterrey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.\n", "east": -54.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-59 -62)"], "keywords": "Bellingshausen Sea; Biota; Oceans; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Bellingshausen Sea", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Klinck, John M.; Crocker, Daniel; Goebel, Michael; Hofmann, Eileen; Costa, Daniel", "project_titles": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000082", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.0, "title": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection", "uid": "600044", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "9024544 Andreas, Edgar", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-53.8 -61.2,-52.74 -61.2,-51.68 -61.2,-50.62 -61.2,-49.56 -61.2,-48.5 -61.2,-47.44 -61.2,-46.38 -61.2,-45.32 -61.2,-44.26 -61.2,-43.2 -61.2,-43.2 -62.22,-43.2 -63.24,-43.2 -64.26,-43.2 -65.28,-43.2 -66.3,-43.2 -67.32,-43.2 -68.34,-43.2 -69.36,-43.2 -70.38,-43.2 -71.4,-44.26 -71.4,-45.32 -71.4,-46.38 -71.4,-47.44 -71.4,-48.5 -71.4,-49.56 -71.4,-50.62 -71.4,-51.68 -71.4,-52.74 -71.4,-53.8 -71.4,-53.8 -70.38,-53.8 -69.36,-53.8 -68.34,-53.8 -67.32,-53.8 -66.3,-53.8 -65.28,-53.8 -64.26,-53.8 -63.24,-53.8 -62.22,-53.8 -61.2))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Location: Ice camp on perennial sea ice in the southwestern corner of the Weddell Sea, Antarctic\n\nThe first direct radiative and turbulent surface flux measurements ever made over floating Antarctic sea ice. The data are from Ice Station Weddell as it drifted in the western Weddell Sea from February to late May 1992.\n\nData Types:\n\nHourly measurements of the turbulent surface fluxes of momentum and sensible and latent heat by eddy covariance at a height of 4.65 m above snow-covered sea ice. Instruments were a 3-axis sonic anemometer/thermometer and a Lyman-alpha hygrometer.\n\nHourly, surface-level measurements of the four radiation components: in-coming and out-going longwave and shortwave radiation. Instruments were hemispherical pyranometers and pyrgeometers.\n\nHourly mean values of standard meteorological variables: air temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, surface temperature. Instruments were a propeller-vane for wind speed and direction and cooled-mirror dew-point hygrometers and platinum resistance thermometers for dew-points and temperatures. Surface temperature came from a Barnes PRT-5 infrared thermometer.\n\nFlux Data\nThe entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named ISW_Flux_Data.zip\nThe main data file is comma delimited.\nThe README file is ASCII.\nThe associated reprints of publications are in pdf.\n\nRadiosounding data: On Ice Station Weddell, typically twice a day from 21 February through 4 June 1992 made with both tethered (i.e., only boundary-layer profiles) and (more rarely) free-flying sondes that did not measure wind speed. (168 soundings).\n\nISW Radiosoundings\nThe entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named ISW_Radiosounding.zip.\nThe README file is in ASCII.\nTwo summary files that include the list of sounding and the declinations are in ASCII.\nThe 168 individual sounding files are in ASCII.\nTwo supporting publications that describe the data and some analyses are in pdf.\n\nRadiosounding data collected from the Russian ship Akademic Fedorov from 26 May through 5 June 1992 at 6-hourly intervals as it approached Ice Station Weddell from the north. These soundings include wind vector, temperature, humidity, and pressure. (40 soundings)\n\nAkademic Federov Radiosoundings\nThe entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named Akad_Federov_Radiosounding.zip.\nThe README file is in ASCII.\nA summary file that lists the soundings is in ASCII.\nThe 40 individual sounding files are in ASCII.\nTwo supporting publications that describe the data and some analyses are in pdf.\n\n\nDocumentation:\n\nAndreas, E. L, and K. J. Claffey, 1995: Air-ice drag coefficients in the western Weddell Sea: 1. Values deduced from profile measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 4821\u20134831.\n\nAndreas, E. L, K. J. Claffey, and A. P. Makshtas, 2000: Low-level atmospheric jets and inversions over the western Weddell Sea. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 97, 459\u2013486.\n\nAndreas, E. L, R. E. Jordan, and A. P. Makshtas, 2004: Simulations of snow, ice, and near-surface atmospheric processes on Ice Station Weddell. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5, 611\u2013624.\n\nAndreas, E. L, R. E. Jordan, and A. P. Makshtas, 2005: Parameterizing turbulent exchange over sea ice: The Ice Station Weddell results. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 114, 439\u2013460.\n\nAndreas, E. L, P. O. G. Persson, R. E. Jordan, T. W. Horst, P. S. Guest, A. A. Grachev, and C. W. Fairall, 2010: Parameterizing turbulent exchange over sea ice in winter. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 11, 87\u2013104.\n\nClaffey, K. J., E. L Andreas, and A. P. Makshtas, 1994: Upper-air data collected on Ice Station Weddell. Special Report 94-25, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 62 pp.\n\nISW Group, 1993: Weddell Sea exploration from ice station. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 74, 121\u2013126.\n\nMakshtas, A. P., E. L Andreas, P. N. Svyaschennikov, and V. F. Timachev, 1999: Accounting for clouds in sea ice models. Atmospheric Research, 52, 77\u2013113.", "east": -43.2, "geometry": ["POINT(-48.5 -66.3)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Critical Zone; Meteorology; Oceans; Radiosounding; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -61.2, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Andreas, Edgar", "project_titles": "Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000655", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -71.4, "title": "Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station", "uid": "600141", "west": -53.8}, {"awards": "0801392 Swanson, Brian", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The primary objective of this research is to investigate polar marine psychrophilic bacteria for their potential to nucleate ice using a combination of microbiological, molecular biological and atmospheric science approaches in the laboratory. Very little is known about how psychrophiles interact and cope with ice or their adaptations to conditions of extreme cold and salinity. This work will involve a series of laboratory experiments using a novel freeze-tube technique for assaying freezing spectra which will provide quantitative information on: (i) the temperature-dependent freezing rates for heterogeneously frozen droplets containing sea-ice bacteria, (ii) the proportional occurrence of ice-nucleation activity versus anti-freeze activity among sea-ice bacterial isolates and (iii) the temperature-dependent freezing rates of bacteria with ice-nucleation activity grown at a range of temperatures and salinities. The compound(s) responsible for the observed activity will be identified, which is an essential step towards the development of an in-situ bacterial ice-nucleation detection assay that can be applied in the field to Antarctic water and cloud samples. One of the goals of this work is to better understand survival and cold adaptation processes of polar marine bacteria confronted with freezing conditions in sea ice. Since sea ice strongly impacts polar, as well as the global climates, this research is of significant interest because it will also provide data for accessing the importance of bacterial ice nucleation in the formation of sea ice. These measurements of ice-nucleation rates will be the first high-resolution measurements for psychrophilic marine bacteria. Another goal is to better understand the impact of bacterial ice initiation processes in polar clouds by making high-resolution measurements of nucleation rates for cloud bacteria found over Arctic and Antarctic regions. Initial measurements indicate these bacteria nucleate ice at warmer temperatures and the effect in polar regions may be quite important, since ice can strongly impact cloud dynamics, cloud radiative properties, precipitation formation, and cloud chemistry. If these initial measurements are confirmed, the data collected here will be important for improving the understanding of polar cloud processes and models. A third goal is to better understand the molecular basis of marine bacterial ice nucleation by characterizing the ice-nucleation compound and comparing it with those of known plant-derived ice-nucleating bacteria, which are the only ice-nucleating bacteria examined in detail to date. The proposed activity will support the beginning academic career of a post-doctoral researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects. Results from this research will be widely published in various scientific journals and outreach venues.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Biota; Microbiology; Oceans; Raman Spectroscopy; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Sea Surface", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Swanson, Brian", "project_titles": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000195", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles", "uid": "600087", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0228052 Kreutz, Karl", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161.04 -77.3,161.239 -77.3,161.438 -77.3,161.637 -77.3,161.836 -77.3,162.035 -77.3,162.234 -77.3,162.433 -77.3,162.632 -77.3,162.831 -77.3,163.03 -77.3,163.03 -77.378,163.03 -77.456,163.03 -77.534,163.03 -77.612,163.03 -77.69,163.03 -77.768,163.03 -77.846,163.03 -77.924,163.03 -78.002,163.03 -78.08,162.831 -78.08,162.632 -78.08,162.433 -78.08,162.234 -78.08,162.035 -78.08,161.836 -78.08,161.637 -78.08,161.438 -78.08,161.239 -78.08,161.04 -78.08,161.04 -78.002,161.04 -77.924,161.04 -77.846,161.04 -77.768,161.04 -77.69,161.04 -77.612,161.04 -77.534,161.04 -77.456,161.04 -77.378,161.04 -77.3))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes high-resolution ice core records from the Dry Valleys region of Antarctica, and provides interpretations of interannual to decadal-scale climate variability during the last 2000 years (late Holocene). Intermediate-length ice cores (100 to 200 meters) were drilled at four sites along transects in the Taylor and Wright valleys, and analyzed for stable isotopes and major ions. The data set includes high-resolution ice core data for each study site. It also includes mass balance, borehole temperature, and snowpit data for each site, and Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity data for some of the sites. Snow pit data from three additional sites in the same region is also available. Data are available via FTP, in Microsoft Excel (.xls), ASCII text (.txt), and Microsoft Word (.doc) file formats.", "east": 163.03, "geometry": ["POINT(162.035 -77.69)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Borehole Temperature; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Dry Valleys; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Isotope; Mass Balance; Paleoclimate; Physical Properties", "locations": "Dry Valleys; Antarctica", "north": -77.3, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kreutz, Karl; Mayewski, Paul A.", "project_titles": "Dry Valleys Late Holocene Climate Variability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000155", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Dry Valleys Late Holocene Climate Variability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.08, "title": "Late Holocene Climate Variability, Dry Valleys, Antarctica", "uid": "609399", "west": 161.04}, {"awards": "0632168 Hulbe, Christina", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Sat, 30 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set provides the results of predictive modeling experiments on the Amundsen Sea Embayment region of Antarctica. The models examine how interactions between basal processes and ice sheet dynamics can result in abrupt reconfigurations of ice-sheets, and how those reconfigurations impact other Earth systems. The models were developed by a collaborative effort called the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM).\n\nThe data set contains a MATLAB (.mat) native format file with time evolution of basal temperature fields from a generic ice sheet model with uniform and non-uniform heat flux, a MATLAB script for performing singular value decomposition and analysis of the model fields, and a summary of experimental results in Portable Document Format (.pdf). Data are available via FTP.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Community Ice Sheet Model; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Hulbe, Christina; Daescu, Dacian N.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: IPY, The Next Generation: A Community Ice Sheet Model for Scientists and Educators With Demonstration Experiments in Amundsen Sea Embayment Region", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000756", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: IPY, The Next Generation: A Community Ice Sheet Model for Scientists and Educators With Demonstration Experiments in Amundsen Sea Embayment Region"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Singular Value Decomposition Analysis of Ice Sheet Model Output Fields", "uid": "609396", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0816934 Thomson, Stuart", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((65 -66,72.9 -66,80.8 -66,88.7 -66,96.6 -66,104.5 -66,112.4 -66,120.3 -66,128.2 -66,136.1 -66,144 -66,144 -66.3,144 -66.6,144 -66.9,144 -67.2,144 -67.5,144 -67.8,144 -68.1,144 -68.4,144 -68.7,144 -69,136.1 -69,128.2 -69,120.3 -69,112.4 -69,104.5 -69,96.6 -69,88.7 -69,80.8 -69,72.9 -69,65 -69,65 -68.7,65 -68.4,65 -68.1,65 -67.8,65 -67.5,65 -67.2,65 -66.9,65 -66.6,65 -66.3,65 -66))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This Small Grant for Exploratory Research investigates the origin and evolution of the Gamburtsev subglacial mountains (GSM). These mountains are considered the nucleation point for Antarctica\u0027s largest ice sheets; however, being of indeterminate age, they may postdate ice sheet formation. As well, their formation could reflect tectonic events during the breakup of Gondwana. The project studies GSM-derived detrital zircon and apatite crystals from Prydz Bay obtained by the Ocean Drilling Program. Analytical work includes triple-dating thermochronometry by U/Pb, fission track, and (U/Th)/He methods. The combined technique offers insight into both high and low temperature processes, and is potentially sensitive to both the orogenic events and the subsequent cooling and exhumation due to erosion. In terms of broader impacts, this project supports research for a postdoctoral fellow.", "east": 144.0, "geometry": ["POINT(104.5 -67.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Fission Track Thermochronology; Gamburtsev Mountains; Geochronology; Solid Earth", "locations": "Gamburtsev Mountains; Antarctica", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Thomson, Stuart", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: SGER: Triple-dating (Pb-FT-He) of Antarctic Detritus and the Origin of the Gamburtsev Mountains", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000210", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: SGER: Triple-dating (Pb-FT-He) of Antarctic Detritus and the Origin of the Gamburtsev Mountains"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Triple-dating (Pb-FT-He) of Antarctic Detritus and the Origin of the Gamburtsev Mountains", "uid": "600089", "west": 65.0}, {"awards": "0436190 Eastman, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Patterns of biodiversity, as revealed by basic research in organismal biology, may be derived from ecological and evolutionary processes expressed in unique settings, such as Antarctica. The polar regions and their faunas are commanding increased attention as declining species diversity, environmental change, commercial fisheries, and resource management are now being viewed in a global context. Commercial fishing is known to have a direct and pervasive effect on marine biodiversity, and occurs in the Southern Ocean as far south as the Ross Sea. The nature of fish biodiversity in the Antarctic is different than in all other ocean shelf areas. Waters of the Antarctic continental shelf are ice covered for most of the year and water temperatures are nearly constant at -1.5 C. In these waters components of the phyletically derived Antarctic clade of Notothenioids dominate fish diversity. In some regions, including the southwestern Ross Sea, Notothenioids are overwhelmingly dominant in terms of number of species, abundance, and biomass. Such dominance by a single taxonomic group is unique among shelf faunas of the world. In the absence of competition from a taxonomically diverse fauna, Notothenioids underwent a habitat or depth related diversification keyed to the utilization of unfilled niches in the water column, especially pelagic or partially pelagic zooplanktivory and piscivory. This has been accomplished in the absence of a swim bladder for buoyancy control. They also may form a special type of adaptive radiation known as a species flock, which is an assemblage of a disproportionately high number of related species that have evolved rapidly within a defined area where most species are endemic. Diversification in buoyancy is the hallmark of the notothenioid radiation. Buoyancy is the feature of notothenioid biology that determines whether a species lives on the substrate, in the water column or both. Buoyancy also influences other key aspects of life history including swimming, feeding and reproduction and thus has implications for the role of the species in the ecosystem. With similarities to classic evolutionary hot spots, the Antarctic shelf and its Notothenioid radiation merit further exploration. The 2004 \u0027International Collaborative Expedition to collect and study Fish Indigenous to Sub-Antarctic Habitats,\u0027 or, \u0027ICEFISH,\u0027 provided a platform for collection of notothenioid fishes from sub-Antarctic waters between South America and Africa, which will be examined in this project. This study will determine buoyancy for samples of all notothenioid species captured during the ICEFISH cruise. This essential aspect of the biology is known for only 19% of the notothenioid fauna. Also, the gross and microscopic anatomy of brains and sense organs of the phyletically basal families Bovichtidae, Eleginopidae, and of the non-Antarctic species of the primarily Antarctic family Nototheniidae will be examined. The fish biodiversity and endemicity in poorly known localities along the ICEFISH cruise track, seamounts and deep trenches will be quantified. Broader impacts include improved information for comprehending and conserving biodiversity, a scientific and societal priority.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Biota; NBP0404; Oceans; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Eastman, Joseph", "project_titles": "Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000106", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "uid": "600038", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0437887 Sidell, Bruce", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The polar ocean presently surrounding Antarctica is the coldest, most thermally stable marine environment on earth. Because oxygen solubility in seawater is inversely proportional to temperature, the cold Antarctic seas are an exceptionally oxygen-rich aquatic habitat. Eight families of a single perciform suborder, the Notothenioidei, dominate the present fish fauna surrounding Antarctica. Notothenioids account for approximately 35% of fish species and 90% of fish biomass south of the Antarctic Polar Front. Radiation of closely related notothenioid species thus has occurred rapidly and under a very unusual set of conditions: relative oceanographic isolation from other faunas due to circumpolar currents and deep ocean trenches surrounding the continent, chronically, severely cold water temperatures, very high oxygen availability, very low levels of niche competition in a Southern Ocean depauperate of species subsequent to a dramatic crash in species diversity of fishes that occurred sometime between the mid-Tertiary and present. These features make Antarctic notothenioid fishes an uniquely attractive group for the study of physiological and biochemical adaptations to cold body temperature. Few distinctive features of Antarctic fishes are as unique as the pattern of expression of oxygen-binding proteins in one notothenioid family, the Channichthyidae (Antarctic icefishes). All channichthyid icefishes lack the circulating oxygen-binding protein, hemoglobin (Hb); the intracellular oxygen-binding protein, myoglobin (Mb) is not uniformly expressed in species of this family. Both proteins are normally considered essential for adequate delivery of oxygen to aerobically poised tissues of animals. To compensate for the absence of Hb, icefishes have developed large hearts, rapidly circulate a large blood volume and possess elaborate vasculature of larger lumenal diameter than is seen in red-blooded fishes. Loss of Mb expression in oxidative muscles correlates with dramatic elevation in density of mitochondria within the cell, although each individual organelle is less densely packed with respiratory proteins. Within the framework of oxygen movement, the adaptive significance of greater vascular density and mitochondrial populations is understandable but mechanisms underlying development of these characteristics remain unknown. The answer may lie in another major function of both Hb and Mb, degradation of the ubiquitous bioactive compound, nitric oxide (NO). The research will test the hypothesis that loss of hemoprotein expression in icefishes has resulted in an increase in levels of NO that mediate modification of vascular systems and expansion of mitochondrial populations in oxidative tissues. The objectives of the proposal are to quantify the vascular density of retinas in +Hb and -Hb notothenioid species, to characterize NOS isoforms and catalytic activity in retina and cardiac muscle of Antarctic notothenioid fishes, to evaluate level of expression of downstream factors implicat ed in angiogenesis (in retinal tissue) and mitochondrial biogenesis (in cardiac muscle), and to determine whether inhibition of NOS in vivo results in regression of angiogenic and mitochondrial biogenic responses in icefishes. Broader impacts range from basic biology, through training of young scientists, to enhanced understanding of clinically relevant biomedical processes.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Biota; Oceans; Pot; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean; Trawl", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Sidell, Bruce", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000527", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis", "uid": "600039", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0438777 Fritts, David", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This proposal is to continue operation and scientific studies with the middle-frequency (MF, 1-30 MHz) mesospheric radar deployed at the British Antarctic station Rothera in 1996. This system is now a key site in the Antarctic MF radar chain near 68 deg. S, which includes also MF radars at Syowa (Japan) and Davis (Australia) stations. This radar comprises the winds component of a developing instrument suite for the mesosphere-thermosphere (MLT) studies at Rothera - a focus of the new BAS 5-year plan, which also includes the Fe temperature lidar (formerly at South Pole) and the mesopause airglow imager for gravity wave studies (formerly at Halley). The Rothera MF radar has just had its antennas and electronics upgraded to achieve better signal-to-noise ratio and more continuous measurements in height and time. The main focus of the proposed research is to extend the knowledge of the polar mesosphere dynamics. The instrument suite at Rothera is ideally positioned for correlative interhemispheric studies with northern hemisphere sites at Poker Flat, Alaska (65 deg. N) and ALOMAR, Norway (69 deg. N) having comparable instrumentation. Further research efforts performed with continued funding will focus on: (1) multi-instrument collaborative studies at Rothera to quantify as fully as possible the dynamics, structure, and variability of the MLT at that location, (2) multi-site (and multi-instrument) studies of large-scale dynamics and variability in the Antarctic (together with the radars and other instrumentation at Davis and Syowa), and (3) interhemispheric studies employing instruments (e.g., the Na resonance lidar and MF radar) at Poker Flat and ALOMAR. It is expected that these studies will lead to a more detailed understanding of (1) mean, tidal, and planetary wave structures at polar latitudes, (2) seasonal, inter-annual, and short-term variability of these structures, (3) hemispheric differences in the tidal and planetary wave structures arising from different source and wave interaction conditions, and (4) the relative influences of gravity waves in the two hemispheres. Such studies will also contribute more generally to an increased awareness of the role of high-latitude processes in global atmospheric dynamics and variability.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Radar", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Fritts, David", "project_titles": "Correlative Antarctic and Inter-Hemispheric Dynamics Studies Using the MF Radar at Rothera", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000021", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Correlative Antarctic and Inter-Hemispheric Dynamics Studies Using the MF Radar at Rothera"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Correlative Antarctic and Inter-Hemispheric Dynamics Studies Using the MF Radar at Rothera", "uid": "600040", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0440414 Steig, Eric", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to obtain stable isotope profiles from shallow (\u003c100 m) ice cores from East Antarctica, to add to the growing database of environmental proxy data collected under the auspices of the \"ITASE\" (International TransAntarctic Scientific Expedition) program. In Antarctica, the instrumental record of climate is particularly short (~40 years except in a few isolated locations on the coast), and ice core proxy data are the only means available for extending this record into the past. The use of stable isotopes of water (18-O/16-O and D/H ratios) from ice cores as proxies for temperature is well established for both very short (i.e. seasonal) and long timescales (centuries, millennia). Using multivariate regression methods and shallow ice cores from West Antarctica, a reconstruction of Antarctic climate over the last ~150 years has been developed which suggests the continent has been warming, on average, at a rate of ~0.2 K/century. Further improving these reconstructions is the chief motivation for further extending the US ITASE project. Ten to fifteen shallow (~100 m) from Victoria Land, East Antarctica will be obtained and analyzed. The core will be collected along a traverse route beginning at Taylor Dome and ending at the South Pole. Age-depth relationships for the cores will be determined through a combination of stable isotopes, visual stratigraphy and seasonal chemical signatures and marker horizons. Reconstructions of Antarctic climate obtained from these cores will be incorporated into the global network of paleoclimate information, which has been important in science, policy and educational contexts. The project will include graduate student and postdoctoral training and field experience.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Climate; Cryosphere; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Isotope; ITASE; Meteorology; Paleoclimate; Satellite Remote Sensing; Weather Station Data", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Steig, Eric J.", "project_titles": "Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000202", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "ITASE", "south": -90.0, "title": "Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites", "uid": "600042", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0228842 Grew, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((76 -69.3,76.05 -69.3,76.1 -69.3,76.15 -69.3,76.2 -69.3,76.25 -69.3,76.3 -69.3,76.35 -69.3,76.4 -69.3,76.45 -69.3,76.5 -69.3,76.5 -69.32,76.5 -69.34,76.5 -69.36,76.5 -69.38,76.5 -69.4,76.5 -69.42,76.5 -69.44,76.5 -69.46,76.5 -69.48,76.5 -69.5,76.45 -69.5,76.4 -69.5,76.35 -69.5,76.3 -69.5,76.25 -69.5,76.2 -69.5,76.15 -69.5,76.1 -69.5,76.05 -69.5,76 -69.5,76 -69.48,76 -69.46,76 -69.44,76 -69.42,76 -69.4,76 -69.38,76 -69.36,76 -69.34,76 -69.32,76 -69.3))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award, provided by the Antarctic Geology and Geophysics Program of the Office of Polar Programs, supports a project to investigate the role and fate of Boron in high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Larsemann Hills region of Antarctica. Trace elements provide valuable information on the changes sedimentary rocks undergo as temperature and pressure increase during burial. One such element, boron, is particularly sensitive to increasing temperature because of its affinity for aqueous fluids, which are lost as rocks are buried. Boron contents of unmetamorphosed pelitic sediments range from 20 to over 200 parts per million, but rarely exceed 5 parts per million in rocks subjected to conditions of the middle and lower crust, that is, temperatures of 700 degrees C or more in the granulite-facies, which is characterized by very low water activities at pressures of 5 to 10 kbar (18-35 km burial). Devolatization reactions with loss of aqueous fluid and partial melting with removal of melt have been cited as primary causes for boron depletion under granulite-facies conditions. Despite the pervasiveness of both these processes, rocks rich in boron are locally found in the granulite-facies, that is, there are mechanisms for retaining boron during the metamorphic process. The Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, Antarctica, are a prime example. More than 20 lenses and layered bodies containing four borosilicate mineral species crop out over a 50 square kilometer area, which thus would be well suited for research on boron-rich granulite-facies metamorphic rocks. While most investigators have focused on the causes for loss of boron, this work will investigate how boron is retained during high-grade metamorphism. Field observations and mapping in the Larsemann Hills, chemical analyses of minerals and their host rocks, and microprobe age dating will be used to identify possible precursors and deduce how the precursor materials recrystallized into borosilicate rocks under granulite-facies conditions. \n\nThe working hypothesis is that high initial boron content facilitates retention of boron during metamorphism because above a certain threshold boron content, a mechanism \u0027kicks in\u0027 that facilitates retention of boron in metamorphosed rocks. For example, in a rock with large amounts of the borosilicate tourmaline, such as stratabound tourmalinite, the breakdown of tourmaline to melt could result in the formation of prismatine and grandidierite, two borosilicates found in the Larsemann Hills. This situation is rarely observed in rocks with modest boron content, in which breakdown of tourmaline releases boron into partial melts, which in turn remove boron when they leave the system. Stratabound tourmalinite is associated with manganese-rich quartzite, phosphorus-rich rocks and sulfide concentrations that could be diagnostic for recognizing a tourmalinite protolith in a highly metamorphosed complex where sedimentary features have been destroyed by deformation. Because partial melting plays an important role in the fate of boron during metamorphism, our field and laboratory research will focus on the relationship between the borosilicate units, granite pegmatites and other granitic intrusives. The results of our study will provide information on cycling of boron at deeper levels in the Earth\u0027s crust and on possible sources of boron for granites originating from deep-seated rocks. An undergraduate student will participate in the electron microprobe age-dating of monazite and xenotime as part of a senior project, thereby integrating the proposed research into the educational mission of the University of Maine. In response to a proposal for fieldwork, the Australian Antarctic Division, which maintains Davis station near the Larsemann Hills, has indicated that they will support the Antarctic fieldwork.", "east": 76.5, "geometry": ["POINT(76.25 -69.4)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Geochemistry; Geochronology; Solid Earth", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -69.3, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Grew, Edward", "project_titles": "Boron in Antarctic granulite-facies rocks: under what conditions is boron retained in the middle crust?", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000431", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Boron in Antarctic granulite-facies rocks: under what conditions is boron retained in the middle crust?"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.5, "title": "Boron in Antarctic granulite-facies rocks: under what conditions is boron retained in the middle crust?", "uid": "600030", "west": 76.0}, {"awards": "0538195 Marone, Chris", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to conduct laboratory experiments and numerical modeling to determine the constitutive properties of subglacial till under dynamic stressing and to test the hypothesis that granular properties of till are sufficient, when coupled elastically to a large ice stream, to reproduce the field observations of triggered slip and subglacial seismicity. Testing will be carried out in a servo-controlled biaxial shear device under controlled temperature and stress conditions, which will allow both sliding and microstructural processes to be studied in detail. The main focus of the work will be on laboratory measurements. In addition, we will construct continuum models to evaluate whether our results can predict complex ice sheet motions and observed characteristics of subglacial seismicity. In terms of broader impacts, the proposed work will encourage interactions between the rock-mechanics and glaciology communities and will bring together members of different scientific backgrounds and vocabularies, but similar problems and data. The project will train undergraduate and graduate students at Penn State University and the scientists involved plan to give presentations to grade school classes, scout groups, and at community open houses. Results will be presented at professional meetings and will be published in a timely manner. The work will result in a better understanding of glacial motion and the physics of earthquake slip, which is essential for understanding ice sheet dynamics and earthquake hazard.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Glacial Till; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Lab Experiment; Marine Sediments; Physical Properties; Solid Earth", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Marone, Chris; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar", "project_titles": "Laboratory Study of Stick-Slip Behavior and Deformation Mechanics of Subglacial Till", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000554", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Laboratory Study of Stick-Slip Behavior and Deformation Mechanics of Subglacial Till"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Laboratory Study of Stick-Slip Behavior and Deformation Mechanics of Subglacial Till", "uid": "600054", "west": null}, {"awards": "0741380 Smith, Walker", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-160 -65,-154 -65,-148 -65,-142 -65,-136 -65,-130 -65,-124 -65,-118 -65,-112 -65,-106 -65,-100 -65,-100 -66.1,-100 -67.2,-100 -68.3,-100 -69.4,-100 -70.5,-100 -71.6,-100 -72.7,-100 -73.8,-100 -74.9,-100 -76,-106 -76,-112 -76,-118 -76,-124 -76,-130 -76,-136 -76,-142 -76,-148 -76,-154 -76,-160 -76,-160 -74.9,-160 -73.8,-160 -72.7,-160 -71.6,-160 -70.5,-160 -69.4,-160 -68.3,-160 -67.2,-160 -66.1,-160 -65))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The research will examine the relative importance of the physical and chemical controls on phytoplankton dynamics and carbon flux in continental margin regions of the Southern Ocean, and elucidate mechanisms by which plankton populations and carbon export might be altered by climate change. We specifically will address (1) how the phytoplankton on the continental margins of the southern Ocean respond to spatial and temporal changes in temperature, light, iron supply, and carbon dioxide levels, (2) how these factors initiate changes in phytoplankton assemblage structure, and (3) how carbon export and the efficiency of the biological pump are impacted by the biomass and composition of the phytoplankton. Two regions of study (the Amundsen and Ross Seas) will be investigated, one well studied (Ross Sea) and one poorly described (Amundsen Sea). It is hypothesized that each region will have markedly different physical forcing, giving rise to distinct chemical conditions and therefore biological responses. As such, the comparison of the two may give us insights into the mechanisms of how Antarctic continental margins will respond under changing environmental conditions. Broader impacts include participation by an international graduate student from Brazil, outreach via seminars to the general public, collaboration with the teachers-in-residence on the cruise, development of a cruise web site and interactive email exchanges with local middle school students while at sea.", "east": -100.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-130 -70.5)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; CTD Data; Geochemistry; Oceans; Oden; OSO2007; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Sea Surface; Amundsen Sea", "north": -65.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Smith, Walker", "project_titles": "Small Grants for Exploratory Research - Oceanographic Research in the Amundsen and Ross Seas:", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000217", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Small Grants for Exploratory Research - Oceanographic Research in the Amundsen and Ross Seas:"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.0, "title": "Small Grants for Exploratory Research - Oceanographic Research in the Amundsen and Ross Seas", "uid": "600085", "west": -160.0}, {"awards": "0742057 Gallager, Scott", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-168.291 -64.846,-165.018 -64.846,-161.745 -64.846,-158.472 -64.846,-155.199 -64.846,-151.926 -64.846,-148.653 -64.846,-145.38 -64.846,-142.107 -64.846,-138.834 -64.846,-135.561 -64.846,-135.561 -66.0269,-135.561 -67.2078,-135.561 -68.3887,-135.561 -69.5696,-135.561 -70.7505,-135.561 -71.9314,-135.561 -73.1123,-135.561 -74.2932,-135.561 -75.4741,-135.561 -76.655,-138.834 -76.655,-142.107 -76.655,-145.38 -76.655,-148.653 -76.655,-151.926 -76.655,-155.199 -76.655,-158.472 -76.655,-161.745 -76.655,-165.018 -76.655,-168.291 -76.655,-168.291 -75.4741,-168.291 -74.2932,-168.291 -73.1123,-168.291 -71.9314,-168.291 -70.7505,-168.291 -69.5696,-168.291 -68.3887,-168.291 -67.2078,-168.291 -66.0269,-168.291 -64.846))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The research will continue and extend the study in the Southern Ocean that was initiated during the Oden Southern Ocean 2006 expedition in collaboration with Swedish scientist Mellissa Chierici. We will quantify carbon flux through the food web in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) by measuring size fractionated primary and secondary production, grazing and carbon flux through nanoplankton (2-20 um), microplankton (20-200um), and mesoplankton (200-2000 um). Community structure, species abundance and size specific grazing rates will be quantified using a variety of techniques both underway and at ice stations along the MIZ. The proposed cruise track extends across the Drake Passage to the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) with three station transects along a gradient from the open ocean through the marginal ice zone (MIZ) in the Bellinghausen and Amundsen Seas and into the Ross Sea Polynya. Ice stations along each transect will provide material to characterize production associated with annual ice. Underway measurements of primary and secondary production (chlorophyll, CDOM, microplankton, and mesoplankton) and hydrography (temperature, salinity, pH, DO, turbidity) will establish a baseline for future cruises and as support for other projects such as biogeochemical studies on carbon dioxide drawdown and trace metal work on primary production. The outcome of these measurements will be a description of nano to mesoplankton standing stocks, community structure, and carbon flux along the MIZ in the Bellinghausen and Amundsen Seas and the Ross Sea Polynya.", "east": -135.561, "geometry": ["POINT(-151.926 -70.7505)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Biota; Microbiology; Navigation; Oceans; Oden; OSO2007; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.846, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Dennett, Mark; Gallager, Scott", "project_titles": "SGER: Primary and Secondary Production and Carbon Flux Through the Microbial Community Along the Western Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone on the Oden Southern Ocean 2007 Expeditions", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000563", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "SGER: Primary and Secondary Production and Carbon Flux Through the Microbial Community Along the Western Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone on the Oden Southern Ocean 2007 Expeditions"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.655, "title": "SGER: Primary and Secondary Production and Carbon Flux Through the Microbial Community Along the Western Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone on the Oden Southern Ocean 2007 Expeditions", "uid": "600086", "west": -168.291}, {"awards": "0817163 Reiners, Peter", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((72 -66,72.3 -66,72.6 -66,72.9 -66,73.2 -66,73.5 -66,73.8 -66,74.1 -66,74.4 -66,74.7 -66,75 -66,75 -66.3,75 -66.6,75 -66.9,75 -67.2,75 -67.5,75 -67.8,75 -68.1,75 -68.4,75 -68.7,75 -69,74.7 -69,74.4 -69,74.1 -69,73.8 -69,73.5 -69,73.2 -69,72.9 -69,72.6 -69,72.3 -69,72 -69,72 -68.7,72 -68.4,72 -68.1,72 -67.8,72 -67.5,72 -67.2,72 -66.9,72 -66.6,72 -66.3,72 -66))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This Small Grant for Exploratory Research investigates the origin and evolution of the Gamburtsev subglacial mountains (GSM). These mountains are considered the nucleation point for Antarctica\u0027s largest ice sheets; however, being of indeterminate age, they may postdate ice sheet formation. As well, their formation could reflect tectonic events during the breakup of Gondwana. The project studies GSM-derived detrital zircon and apatite crystals from Prydz Bay obtained by the Ocean Drilling Program. Analytical work includes triple-dating thermochronometry by U/Pb, fission track, and (U/Th)/He methods. The combined technique offers insight into both high and low temperature processes, and is potentially sensitive to both the orogenic events and the subsequent cooling and exhumation due to erosion. In terms of broader impacts, this project supports research for a postdoctoral fellow.", "east": 75.0, "geometry": ["POINT(73.5 -67.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Gamburtsev Mountains; Geochronology; Marine Sediments; NBP0101; ODP1166; Prydz Bay; Solid Earth; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Prydz Bay; Southern Ocean; Gamburtsev Mountains", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Gehrels, George; Reiners, Peter", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: SGER: Triple-dating (Pb-FT-He) of Antarctic Detritus and the Origin of the Gamburtsev Mountains", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000210", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: SGER: Triple-dating (Pb-FT-He) of Antarctic Detritus and the Origin of the Gamburtsev Mountains"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Triple-dating (Pb-FT-He) of Antarctic Detritus and the Origin of the Gamburtsev Mountains", "uid": "600090", "west": 72.0}, {"awards": "0229546 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-178 -78)"], "date_created": "Mon, 15 Dec 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Since November of 2006, 12 thermistors were planted in the upper 16 meters of the firn on the Ross Ice Shelf near its calving front. Temperature data are collected every 20 minutes and are transmitted via ARGOS satellite relay. Data are intended to provide a view of how firn temperatures change as the ice shelf evolves. Data are available in comma-delimited ASCII format. Data are available via FTP.", "east": -178.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-178 -78)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ross Ice Shelf; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; Ross Ice Shelf", "north": -78.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Scambos, Ted; Muto, Atsu; Sergienko, Olga; MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000117", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Ross Ice Shelf Firn Temperature, Antarctica", "uid": "609354", "west": -178.0}, {"awards": "0229546 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(168 -78)"], "date_created": "Fri, 28 Nov 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Since November of 2005, 12 thermistors were planted in the upper 2.5 meters of the firn on iceberg C16, Antarctica. Temperature data are collected every 20 minutes and are transmitted via ARGOS satellite relay. Data are intended to provide a view of how firn temperatures change as an iceberg moves north into warmer climate.", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(168 -78)"], "keywords": "Glaciology; Iceberg; Oceans; Ross Ice Shelf; Sea Ice; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Ross Ice Shelf; Southern Ocean", "north": -78.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Thom, Jonathan; Sergienko, Olga; MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000117", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Iceberg Firn Temperatures, Antarctica", "uid": "609352", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "0238281 Marsh, Adam", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -77,163.4 -77,163.8 -77,164.2 -77,164.6 -77,165 -77,165.4 -77,165.8 -77,166.2 -77,166.6 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.6 -78,166.2 -78,165.8 -78,165.4 -78,165 -78,164.6 -78,164.2 -78,163.8 -78,163.4 -78,163 -78,163 -77.9,163 -77.8,163 -77.7,163 -77.6,163 -77.5,163 -77.4,163 -77.3,163 -77.2,163 -77.1,163 -77))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Although we envision the coastal margins of Antarctica as an extreme environment challenging to the existence of life, there are many marine invertebrates that are adapted to live and thrive under the sea ice. For two field seasons, the SCUBA diving activities of this project routinely involved photographing these animals in all the dive locations as a way to document what we observed as the dominant organisms at each site. Ice diving is very strenuous for humans, and often the constraints of managing the work on a dive, monitoring air reserves, tracking proximity to the dive hole, and the 50 minute exposure to subfreezing temperatures limits a divers ability to \"catalog\" observations that are not essential to the current dive plan. The photographs archived here have provided the project\u0027s dive team with the ability to \"debrief\" following a dive and more or less reenact the dive by moving through the photograph images. Studying these images often served as a visual trigger for divers to recall more specific observations and in many cases details in the photographs were captured without the photographer (A. Marsh) realizing that they were there (such as small, cryptic species hiding in a shadow until the strobe light fires for the photo, illuminating these secondary subjects). These photographs are intended to serve as a record of what organisms we encountered in the McMurdo Sound area in 2004 and 2005. All photographs were taken with a Nikon D-70 in a polycarbonate underwater housing using either a 18 mm (wide) or 60 mm (macro) lens.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; McMurdo Sound", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Marsh, Adam G.", "project_titles": "CAREER: Genomic Networks for Cold-Adaptation in Embryos of Polar Marine Invertebrates", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000240", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "CAREER: Genomic Networks for Cold-Adaptation in Embryos of Polar Marine Invertebrates"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Marine Invertebrates of McMurdo Sound", "uid": "600034", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "0536870 Rogers, Scott", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(106.8 -72.4667)"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The large subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica is unique ecological site with a novel microbial biota. The temperatures, pressures and lack of light all select for organisms that may not exist anywhere else on Earth. The accretion ice (lake water frozen to the bottom of the lower surface of the glacier) has preserved microbial samples from each region of Lake Vostok as the glacier passes over and into the lake. Thus, without contaminating the lake with microorganisms from the surface, microbes originating from the lake can be collected, transported to the laboratory and studied. Two of the deepest ice cores sections in this project are part of the international allocation. \n\nThe will be shared between four researchers (Sergey Bulat from Russia, Jean-Robert Petit and Daniel Prieur from France, Scott Rogers from USA). The United States team will study, isolate, and characterize bacteria, fungi, and viruses that have been sampled from the lake through the process of ice accretion to the lower surface of 3500+m thick glacier overriding the lake. The project will involve a suite of methods, including molecular, morphological, and cultural. This includes observation and description by fluorescence, light, and electron microscopy, isolation on thirteen separate cultural media, polymerase chain reaction amplification, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. Eleven accretion ice core sections, as well as two glacial ice core sections. As well as two glacial ice core sections will be studied. The accretion ice core sections, as well as two glacial ice core sections will be studied. The accretion ice core sections represent all of the major regions of the lake that have been sampled by the accretion process in the vicinity of the Vostok 5G ice core. The broader impacts of the work relate to the impact the results will have on the filed. These long=isolated lakes, deep below the Antarctic ice sheet may contain novel uniquely adapted organisms. Glacial ice contains an enormous diversity of entrapped microbes, some of which may be metabolically active in the ice. The microbes from Lake Vostok are of special interest, since they are adapted to cold, dark, and high pressure. Thus, their enzyme systems and biochemical pathways may be significantly different from those in the microbes that are the subject of current studies. As such, these organisms may form compounds that may have useful applications. Also, study of the accretion ice, and eventually the water, from Lake Vostok will provide a basis for the study of other subglacial lakes. Additionally, study of the microbes in the accretion ice will be useful to those planning to study analogous systems on ice-covered planets and moons.", "east": 106.8, "geometry": ["POINT(106.8 -72.4667)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Cryosphere; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Hydrothermal Vent; Lake Vostok; Microbes; Subglacial Lake", "locations": "Antarctica; Lake Vostok", "north": -72.4667, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Rogers, Scott O.", "project_titles": "Comprehensive Biological Study of Vostok Accretion Ice", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000566", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Comprehensive Biological Study of Vostok Accretion Ice"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -72.4667, "title": "Comprehensive Biological Study of Vostok Accretion Ice", "uid": "600052", "west": 106.8}, {"awards": "0337891 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-119.833611 -80.01)"], "date_created": "Fri, 26 Oct 2007 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Reconstructions of ancient atmospheric CO2 variations help us better understand how the global carbon cycle and climate are linked. This data set compares CO2 variations on millennial time scales between 20,000 and 90,000 years with an Antarctic temperature proxy and records of abrupt climate change in the Northern hemisphere.", "east": -119.833611, "geometry": ["POINT(-119.833611 -80.01)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Byrd Glacier; Byrd Ice Core; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate", "locations": "Antarctica; Byrd Glacier", "north": -80.01, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho", "project_titles": "Developing Dry Extraction of Ice Core Gases and Application to Millennial-Scale Variability in Atmospheric CO2", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000268", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Developing Dry Extraction of Ice Core Gases and Application to Millennial-Scale Variability in Atmospheric CO2"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Byrd Ice Core", "south": -80.01, "title": "Atmospheric CO2 and Climate: Byrd Ice Core, Antarctica", "uid": "609314", "west": -119.833611}, {"awards": "0229573 Mayewski, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -65,-144 -65,-108 -65,-72 -65,-36 -65,0 -65,36 -65,72 -65,108 -65,144 -65,180 -65,180 -67.5,180 -70,180 -72.5,180 -75,180 -77.5,180 -80,180 -82.5,180 -85,180 -87.5,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87.5,-180 -85,-180 -82.5,-180 -80,-180 -77.5,-180 -75,-180 -72.5,-180 -70,-180 -67.5,-180 -65))"], "date_created": "Wed, 04 Apr 2007 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Mean Annual Temperature map was calculated by creating a contour map using compiled 10 meter firn temperature data from NSIDC and other mean annual temperature data from both cores and stations.\n\nThe 10 meter data contains temperature measurements dating back to 1957 and the International Geophysical Year, including measurements from several major recent surveys. Data cover the entire continental ice sheet and several ice shelves, but coverage density is generally low.\n\nData are stored in Microsoft Excel and Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), and are available sporadically from 1957 to 2003 via FTP.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -65.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Dixon, Daniel A.", "project_titles": "A Science Management Office for the U. S. Component of the International Trans Antarctic Expedition (US ITASE SMO)A Collaborative Pgrm of Research from S. Pole to N. Victoria Land", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000199", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "A Science Management Office for the U. S. Component of the International Trans Antarctic Expedition (US ITASE SMO)A Collaborative Pgrm of Research from S. Pole to N. Victoria Land"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Antarctic Mean Annual Temperature Map", "uid": "609318", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "9526566 Bindschadler, Robert", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-119.4 -80.01)", "POINT(-174.45 -82.52)", "POINT(-84 -75.9)", "POINT(160.41 -74.21)"], "date_created": "Tue, 28 Nov 2006 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes daily, monthly, and yearly mean surface air temperatures for four interior West Antarctic sites between 1978 and 1997. Data include air surface temperatures measured at the Byrd, Lettau, Lynn, and Siple Station automatic weather stations. In addition, because weather stations in Antarctica are difficult to maintain, and resulting multi-decade records are often incomplete, the investigators also calculated surface temperatures from satellite passive microwave brightness temperatures. Calibration of 37-GHz vertically polarized brightness temperature data during periods of known air temperature, using emissivity modeling, allowed the investigators to replace data gaps with calibrated brightness temperatures.\n\nMS Excel data files and GIF images derived from the data are available via ftp from the National Snow and Ice Data Center.", "east": 160.41, "geometry": ["POINT(-119.4 -80.01)", "POINT(-174.45 -82.52)", "POINT(-84 -75.9)", "POINT(160.41 -74.21)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Automated Weather Station; Meteorology; Temperature; West Antarctica", "locations": "West Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -74.21, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Shuman, Christopher A.; Stearns, Charles R.", "project_titles": "Passive Microwave Remote Sensing for Paleoclimate Indicators at Siple Dome, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000191", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Passive Microwave Remote Sensing for Paleoclimate Indicators at Siple Dome, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -82.52, "title": "Decadal-Length Composite West Antarctic Air Temperature Records", "uid": "609097", "west": -174.45}, {"awards": "0225992 Fahnestock, Mark; 0125570 Scambos, Ted", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((124.4345 -80.77546,124.443718 -80.77546,124.452936 -80.77546,124.462154 -80.77546,124.471372 -80.77546,124.48059 -80.77546,124.489808 -80.77546,124.499026 -80.77546,124.508244 -80.77546,124.517462 -80.77546,124.52668 -80.77546,124.52668 -80.776922,124.52668 -80.778384,124.52668 -80.779846,124.52668 -80.781308,124.52668 -80.78277,124.52668 -80.784232,124.52668 -80.785694,124.52668 -80.787156,124.52668 -80.788618,124.52668 -80.79008,124.517462 -80.79008,124.508244 -80.79008,124.499026 -80.79008,124.489808 -80.79008,124.48059 -80.79008,124.471372 -80.79008,124.462154 -80.79008,124.452936 -80.79008,124.443718 -80.79008,124.4345 -80.79008,124.4345 -80.788618,124.4345 -80.787156,124.4345 -80.785694,124.4345 -80.784232,124.4345 -80.78277,124.4345 -80.781308,124.4345 -80.779846,124.4345 -80.778384,124.4345 -80.776922,124.4345 -80.77546))"], "date_created": "Thu, 05 Oct 2006 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic megadune research was conducted during two field seasons, one in November 2002 and the other during the period of December 2003 through January 2004. The megadune field site is located on the East Antarctic Plateau, southeast of Vostok station. The objectives of this multi-facetted research are 1) to determine the physical characteristics of the firn across the dunes including typical climate indicators such as stable isotopes and major chemical species and 2) to install instruments to measure the time variation of near-surface wind and temperature with depth, to test and refine hypotheses for megadune formation. It is important to improve our current understanding of the megadunes because of their extreme nature, their broad extent, and their potential impact on the climate record. Megadunes are a manifestation of an extreme terrestrial climate and may provide insight on the past terrestrial climate or on processes active on other planets.\n\nSnow megadunes are undulating variations in accumulation and surface texture with wavelengths of 2 to 5 km and amplitudes up to 5 meters. The features cover 500,000 km\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e of the East Antarctic plateau, occurring in areas of moderate regional slope and low accumulation on the flanks of the ice sheet between 2500 and 3800 meters elevation. Landsat images and aerial photography indicate the dunes consist of alternating surfaces of glaze and rough sastrugi, with gradational boundaries. This pattern is oriented perpendicular to the mean wind direction, as modeled in katabatic wind studies. Glazed surfaces cover the leeward faces and troughs; rough sastrugi cover the windward faces and crests. The megadune pattern is crossed by smooth to eroded wind-parallel longitudinal dunes. Wind-eroded longitudinal dunes form spectacular 1-meter-high sastrugi in nearby areas.\n\nThis data set contains automated weather station (AWS) data from two sites. The Mac site was oriented on the rough sastrugi-covered windward face and the Zoe site was on the glazed leeward face. The AWSs collected data throughout the year from 16 January 2004 to 17 November 2004. Investigators received data from the two field sites via the ARGOS Satellite System (http://www.argosinc.com/). Data are provided in space-delimited ASCII text format and are available via FTP.", "east": 124.52668, "geometry": ["POINT(124.48059 -80.78277)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; East Antarctic Plateau; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Meteorology; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "locations": "Antarctica; East Antarctic Plateau", "north": -80.77546, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Fahnestock, Mark; Scambos, Ted; Haran, Terry; Bauer, Rob", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Characteristics of Snow Megadunes and Their Potential Effect on Ice Core Interpretation", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000587", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Characteristics of Snow Megadunes and Their Potential Effect on Ice Core Interpretation"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.79008, "title": "AWS Data: Characteristics of Snow Megadunes and Their Potential Effect on Ice Core Interpretation", "uid": "609283", "west": 124.4345}, {"awards": "9725305 Severinghaus, Jeffrey; 0230260 Bender, Michael; 0230452 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-148.767 -80.667)", "POINT(0 -90)"], "date_created": "Thu, 17 Aug 2006 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes gas ratios in polar firn air: O\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, \u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003eN/\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003eN, \u003csup\u003e40\u003c/sup\u003eAr/N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, \u003csup\u003e40\u003c/sup\u003eAr/\u003csup\u003e36\u003c/sup\u003eAr, \u003csup\u003e40\u003c/sup\u003eAr/\u003csup\u003e38\u003c/sup\u003eAr, \u003csup\u003e84\u003c/sup\u003eKr/\u003csup\u003e36\u003c/sup\u003eAr, \u003csup\u003e132\u003c/sup\u003eXe/\u003csup\u003e36\u003c/sup\u003eAr, and \u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003eNe/\u003csup\u003e36\u003c/sup\u003eAr. Investigators sampled air from the permeable snowpack (firn) layer at two sites: Siple Dome, Antarctica in 1996 and at the South Pole in 2001. They observed and modeled the processes of gravitational settling, thermal fractionation, and preferential exclusion of small gas molecules from closed air bubbles. The purpose of this study was to understand these physical processes, which affect the composition of bubbles trapped in ice. By measuring these gas ratios in the ancient air preserved in bubbles trapped in ice, researchers can determine past atmospheric composition and local temperature changes along with the relative timing and magnitude of such events.\n\nThe data file is available in Microsoft Excel format. The research paper is available in PDF. Data and the research paper are available via FTP.", "east": 0.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-148.767 -80.667)", "POINT(0 -90)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Glaciology; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; South Pole", "locations": "South Pole; Siple Dome; Antarctica", "north": -80.667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Battle, Mark; Bender, Michael", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Trapped Gas Composition and the Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000257", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Trapped Gas Composition and the Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -90.0, "title": "Firn Air Inert Gas and Oxygen Observations from Siple Dome, 1996, and the South Pole, 2001", "uid": "609290", "west": -148.767}, {"awards": "0125276 Albert, Mary", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((124.0218 -80.5304,124.22264 -80.5304,124.42348 -80.5304,124.62432 -80.5304,124.82516 -80.5304,125.026 -80.5304,125.22684 -80.5304,125.42768 -80.5304,125.62852 -80.5304,125.82936 -80.5304,126.0302 -80.5304,126.0302 -80.55538,126.0302 -80.58036,126.0302 -80.60534,126.0302 -80.63032,126.0302 -80.6553,126.0302 -80.68028,126.0302 -80.70526,126.0302 -80.73024,126.0302 -80.75522,126.0302 -80.7802,125.82936 -80.7802,125.62852 -80.7802,125.42768 -80.7802,125.22684 -80.7802,125.026 -80.7802,124.82516 -80.7802,124.62432 -80.7802,124.42348 -80.7802,124.22264 -80.7802,124.0218 -80.7802,124.0218 -80.75522,124.0218 -80.73024,124.0218 -80.70526,124.0218 -80.68028,124.0218 -80.6553,124.0218 -80.63032,124.0218 -80.60534,124.0218 -80.58036,124.0218 -80.55538,124.0218 -80.5304))"], "date_created": "Sat, 10 Jun 2006 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic megadune research was conducted during two field seasons, one in November 2002 and the other in December 2003 through January 2004. The megadune field site is located on the East Antarctic Plateau, southeast of Vostok station. The objectives of this multi-facetted research are to determine the physical characteristics of the firn across the dunes including typical climate indicators such as stable isotopes and major chemical species and to install instruments to measure the time variation of near-surface wind and temperature with depth, to test and refine hypotheses for megadune formation. It is important to improve our current understanding of the megadunes because of their extreme nature, their broad extent, and their potential impact on the climate record. Megadunes are a manifestation of an extreme terrestrial climate and may provide insight on past terrestrial climate or on processes active on other planets.\n\nSnow megadunes are undulating variations in accumulation and surface texture with wavelengths of 2 to 5 km and amplitudes up to 5 meters. The features cover 500,000 km\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e of the East Antarctic plateau, occurring in areas of moderate regional slope and low accumulation on the flanks of the ice sheet between 2500 and 3800 meters elevation. Landsat images and aerial photography indicate the dunes consist of alternating surfaces of glaze and rough sastrugi, with gradational boundaries. This pattern is oriented perpendicular to the mean wind direction, as modeled in katabatic wind studies. Glaze surfaces cover the leeward faces and troughs; rough sastrugi cover the windward faces and crests. The megadune pattern is crossed by smooth to eroded wind-parallel longitudinal dunes. Wind-eroded longitudinal dunes form spectacular 1-meter-high sastrugi in nearby areas.\n\nThis data set contains ground penetrating radar (GPR) data showing surface morphology and internal layering structure along with global positioning system (GPS) data collected within an area of 60 km\u003csup\u003e2\u003c/sup\u003e. GPS data are provided in space-delimited ASCII text Microsoft Excel formats, while GPR data are in JPEG format. Data are available via FTP.", "east": 126.0302, "geometry": ["POINT(125.026 -80.6553)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; East Antarctic Plateau; Glaciology; GPR; GPS; Navigation; Paleoclimate; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "locations": "Antarctica; East Antarctic Plateau", "north": -80.5304, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Scambos, Ted; Bauer, Rob", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Characteristics of Snow Megadunes and Their Potential Effect on Ice Core Interpretation", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000587", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Characteristics of Snow Megadunes and Their Potential Effect on Ice Core Interpretation"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.7802, "title": "GPR and GPS Data: Characteristics of Snow Megadunes and their Potential Effects on Ice Core Interpretation", "uid": "609282", "west": 124.0218}, {"awards": "0338359 Saltzman, Eric", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-148.81 -81.65)"], "date_created": "Wed, 16 Nov 2005 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set is part of the WAISCORES (West Antarctic Ice Sheet cores) project, research funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and designed to improve understanding of how the West Antarctic ice sheet influences climate and sea level change. WAISCORES investigators acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. These data provide researchers with a record of natural climatic variability and anthropogenic influence on biogeochemical cycles. Because ice cores contain an archive of preindustrial air, a baseline can be established, and the extent of human impact on the climate can be ascertained. \n\nThis data set includes mixing ratios of carbonyl sulfide (COS), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and methyl bromide (CH3Br). Data samples were retrieved from the Siple C ice core, which was drilled at 81.65\u00b0 S, 148.81\u00b0 W in December 1995. The core site sits 620 m above sea level near the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf where there is a mean annual temperature of -25.4 \u00b0C.\n\nData are available via FTP.", "east": -148.81, "geometry": ["POINT(-148.81 -81.65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core; WAISCORES", "locations": "Antarctica; Siple Dome", "north": -81.65, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat", "project_titles": "Methyl chloride and methyl bromide in Antarctic ice cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Methyl chloride and methyl bromide in Antarctic ice cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.65, "title": "Analysis of Siple Dome Ice Core: Carbonyl Sulfide (COS), Methyl Chloride (CH3Cl), and Methyl Bromide (CH3Br)", "uid": "609279", "west": -148.81}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 14 Dec 2004 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set consists of AVHRR retrievals of surface and cloud properties as well as radiative fluxes for the period 1982 - 1999 over the Arctic and Antarctic at a 25 km resolution. The images times are 1400 and 0400 (Arctic) or 0200 (Antarctic) local solar times. Resulsts are calculated on a twice-daily basis, but only monthly mean images and area-averaged values are currently online.\n\nThe standard AVHRR Polar Pathfinder (APP) product includes gridded radiances, viewing and illumination geometry, clear sky surface temperature and albedo, and three cloud masks at a 5 km resolution. We have extended the standard APP product to include all-sky surface temperature, all-sky surface albedo, cloud properties (particle phase, effective radius, optical depth, temperature and pressure), and radiative fluxes as well as cloud radiative effect (\u201cforcing\u201d). We refer to this dataset as APP-x", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Key, Jeffrey R.", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Extended Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Polar Pathfinder Satellite Product", "uid": "600021", "west": null}, {"awards": "8411018 Frisic, David; 8613786 Mayewski, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(162.5 -77.61667)"], "date_created": "Thu, 26 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes beta profiles, chemistry, stratigraphy data, and density and temperature profiles collected from snow pits and two ice cores on the Newall Glacier. Snow pit and ice core data were collected between 1987 and 1989. Ice Core A was 175 meters long and core B was 150 meters long.", "east": 162.5, "geometry": ["POINT(162.5 -77.61667)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Newall Glacier; Paleoclimate; Physical Properties; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Statigraphy", "locations": "Newall Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -77.61667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Welch, Kathy A.; Mayewski, Paul A.", "project_titles": "Characterization of Climatic Events for the Last 2 x 103y through the Retrieval of Ice Cores from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000169", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Characterization of Climatic Events for the Last 2 x 103y through the Retrieval of Ice Cores from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.61667, "title": "Newall Glacier Ice Core and Snow Pit Beta Profiles, Chemistry, and Stratigraphy", "uid": "609249", "west": 162.5}, {"awards": "XXXXXXX Palais, Julie", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(106.8 -78.4666667)"], "date_created": "Thu, 26 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains ice core chemistry, timescale, isotope, and temperature data analyzed by several investigators. In January 1998, the collaborative ice-drilling project between Russia, \nthe United States, and France at the Russian Vostok station in East Antarctica \nyielded the deepest ice core ever recovered, reaching a depth of 3,623 m. Preliminary data indicate the Vostok ice-core record \nextends through four climate cycles, with ice slightly older than 400 kyr.", "east": 106.8, "geometry": ["POINT(106.8 -78.4666667)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Isotope; Lake Vostok; Paleoclimate; Physical Properties; Temperature; Vostok Ice Core", "locations": "Lake Vostok; Antarctica", "north": -78.4666667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Lal, Devendra; Barnola, J. M.; Petit, Jean Robert; Jouzel, Jean; Sowers, Todd A.; Brook, Edward J.; Bender, Michael; Fishcer, Hubertus; Blunier, Thomas; Ruddiman, William; Raymo, Maureen; Lorius, Claude; Chappellaz, Jerome", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -78.4666667, "title": "Vostok Ice Core Chemistry, Timescale, Isotope, and Temperature Data", "uid": "609242", "west": 106.8}, {"awards": "9526601 Albert, Mary", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-148 -81)"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Dec 2001 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes measurements of snow and firn temperature and permeability collected between November 1998 and June 1999 at Siple Dome. The physical characteristics of snow determine the nature of air-snow exchange processes, which in turn affect chemical records in ice cores. Thus a better understanding of the physical properties of snow will improve interpretation of ice core records of atmospheric composition.\n\nData are available via ftp in both ASCII and Excel formats.", "east": -148.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-148 -81)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Permeability; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Temperature", "locations": "Siple Dome; Antarctica", "north": -81.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Albert, Mary R.", "project_titles": "Near-Surface Processes Affecting Gas Exchange: West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000061", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Near-Surface Processes Affecting Gas Exchange: West Antarctic Ice Sheet"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.0, "title": "Snow and Firn Temperature and Permeability Measurements from Siple Dome, Antarctica", "uid": "609100", "west": -148.0}, {"awards": "9980538 Lohmann, Kyger", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Mon, 11 Jun 2001 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Geochemical composition of shells of the bivalve, Cucullaea from the La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctica.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Lohmann, Kyger", "project_titles": "Evolution of Sea Surface Temperatures in the Coastal Antarctic Paleoenvironment During the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000613", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Evolution of Sea Surface Temperatures in the Coastal Antarctic Paleoenvironment During the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Stable isotope and minor element proxies for Eocene climate of Seymour Island, Antarctica", "uid": "600019", "west": null}, {"awards": "9725918 Brook, Edward J.; 9725305 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-102 -89.997)", "POINT(-148.767 -81.667)"], "date_created": "Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes d15N, d18O/2, dO2/N2/4, d40Ar/4, d38/Ar/2,\nd84Kr/48, and d132Xe/96 values for air drawn from the top 15 to 50 m\nof firn at the South Pole (summer and winter 1998) and a site at Siple\nDome (summers 1996 and 1998). Data also include related firn\ntemperature measurements.\n\nThe objective of this research was to better understand thermal\nfractionation processes affecting records of atmospheric history from\nfirn and ice core gases. Recent work (e.g., Severinghaus and Brook,\n1999) has exploited trapped air in ice and deep firn as a record of\npast atmospheric composition and climate change. Interpretation of these paleoclimate archives is complicated by artifacts of thermal\ndiffusion, a process in which heavier gases migrate down temperature\ngradients toward colder regions in the firn. Seasonal temperature\nchange at the snow surface creates strong temperature gradients in the\ntop few meters of the firn, which cause isotopic fractionation of firn\ngases. A specific goal of this research is to identify any long-term\neffects of seasonal temperature fluctuations on firn air isotopic\nanomalies.", "east": -102.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-102 -89.997)", "POINT(-148.767 -81.667)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciology; Isotope; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; South Pole; Temperature", "locations": "Siple Dome; Antarctica; South Pole", "north": -81.667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Battle, Mark; Grachev, Alexi", "project_titles": "Thermal Fractionation of Firn Air and the Ice Core Record of Abrupt Interstadial Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000160", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Thermal Fractionation of Firn Air and the Ice Core Record of Abrupt Interstadial Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -89.997, "title": "Firn Air Isotope and Temperature Measurements from Siple Dome and South Pole", "uid": "609098", "west": -148.767}, {"awards": "XXXXXXX Palais, Julie", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(162 -77)"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Snow pit and ice core data from the Newall Glacier (location - 162 30\u0027\nEast, 77 35\u0027 South) were collected during 1987 and 1988. These include\ninformation on chemistry, Beta profiles and stratigraphy. Ice cores\nwere collected during the austral summer of 1988-1989 and contain\ninformation on chemistry, Pb- 210 profiles, density profiles and\ntemperature profiles. Core A was 175 meters long and core B was 150\nmeters long.\n\nThe snow pits were dug and sampled by the Glacier Research Group\n(GRG), using established protocols to prevent contamination. The\nsamples for major ion chemistry remained frozen until melted for\nanalysis in the GRG lab, located at the University of New Hampshire\n(UNH), and all core processing was done by GRG established protocols\nto prevent contamination. Major ions were analyzed using suppressed\nion chromatography.", "east": 162.0, "geometry": ["POINT(162 -77)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Newall Glacier; Paleoclimate; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "locations": "Newall Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Mayewski, Paul A.; Whitlow, Sallie", "project_titles": "Characterization of Climatic Events for the Last 2 x 103y through the Retrieval of Ice Cores from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000169", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Characterization of Climatic Events for the Last 2 x 103y through the Retrieval of Ice Cores from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Newall Glacier Snow Pit and Ice Core, 1987 to 1989", "uid": "609088", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 1993 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This gridded dataset consists of output from the Polar MM5, a version of the Pennsylvania State University / National Center for Atmospheric Research Fifth Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5; version 2) modified for use over extensive ice sheets. More information on the Polar MM5, including a model description and validation studies, is available at http://www-bprc.mps.ohio-state.edu. A series of 72-h non-hydrostatic forecasts are run for a 1-y period (Jan 1993-Dec 1993) overAntarctica and the high-latitude Southern Ocean. The first 24-h of each forecast are discarded for spin up. The horizontal grid resolution is 60-km, with 120 grid points in the x and y direction. The model topography data are interpolated from a 5-km resolution digital elevation model. The ice shelves are manually identified from climatic maps, and represented as permanent ice. The vertical resolution is represented by 28 sigma levels, with the lowest at 11-m above ground level. The initial and boundary conditions include 12-hourly ECMWF TOGA (2.5 deg) global analysis for the surface and upper air variables, 6-hourly ECMWF TOGA (1.125 deg) global analysis for sea surface temperature, and daily DMSP SSM/I polar gridded sea ice concentration (25-km) from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Model output is in native MM5 format, and available variables are numerous, The reader is referred to the MM5 website for a complete list of variables, as well as detailed documentation and tools for reading and plotting the data. Go to the MM5 homepage at http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5/mm5-home.html. This dataset is currently available upon request from the Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, Columbus, OH. Email David Bromwich (bromwich@polarmet1.mps.ohio-state.edu).", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Bromwich, David", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Polar MM5 model output over Antarctica and high-latitude Southern Ocean during 1993", "uid": "600001", "west": null}]

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Dataset Title/Abstract/Map	NSF Award(s)	Date Created	PIs / Scientists	Project Links	Abstract	Bounds Geometry	Geometry	Selected	Visible
Temporal and spatial variation in stress tolerance in Belgica antarctica populations from distinct islands	1850988	2025-03-24	Sousa Lima, Cleverson; Michel, Andrew; Hayward, Scott; Teets, Nicholas	NSFGEO-NERC: Mechanisms of Adaptation to Terrestrial Antarctica through Comparative Physiology and Genomics of Antarctic and sub-Antarctic Insects	Environmental conditions are the major drivers of species distribution, and terrestrial Antarctica arguably presents the most dramatic challenges for its inhabitants. Many animals rely on acclimation to enhance their stress tolerance to face unfavorable conditions. Some animals can also rely on their phenotypic plasticity to respond to these unfavorable conditions without the need to slowly experience increasing levels of stress to enhance their stress tolerance (i.e., acclimate). <br/>Belgica antarctica can rely on both types of strategies, but since they evolved to live in a habitat with such dramatic environmental changes as Antarctica, they are very sensitive to any type of stress (e.g., a sudden drop in temperature, or a bout of high-speed wind). Studying the extent to which B. antarctica rely on each of these strategies to survive and how environmental variation can shape this species’ biology across distinct populations (i.e., that might experience distinct selective pressures) is important to help us better understand how polyextremophiles adapt and evolve while inhabiting extreme environments. This project focused on studying stress tolerance in B. antarctica populations of three distinct islands, Torgersen, Cormorant, and Outcast. In addition, we investigated how these responses to stress change between early- and late-summer (i.e., between larvae that recently finished overwintering - here referred as summer larvae, and larvae that are preparing to overwinter - here referred as winter larvae).	["POLYGON((-64.067 -64.766,-64.05669999999999 -64.766,-64.04639999999999 -64.766,-64.03609999999999 -64.766,-64.02579999999999 -64.766,-64.0155 -64.766,-64.0052 -64.766,-63.994899999999994 -64.766,-63.9846 -64.766,-63.9743 -64.766,-63.964 -64.766,-63.964 -64.7688,-63.964 -64.7716,-63.964 -64.7744,-63.964 -64.77720000000001,-63.964 -64.78,-63.964 -64.7828,-63.964 -64.7856,-63.964 -64.7884,-63.964 -64.7912,-63.964 -64.794,-63.9743 -64.794,-63.9846 -64.794,-63.994899999999994 -64.794,-64.0052 -64.794,-64.0155 -64.794,-64.02579999999999 -64.794,-64.03609999999999 -64.794,-64.04639999999999 -64.794,-64.05669999999999 -64.794,-64.067 -64.794,-64.067 -64.7912,-64.067 -64.7884,-64.067 -64.7856,-64.067 -64.7828,-64.067 -64.78,-64.067 -64.77720000000001,-64.067 -64.7744,-64.067 -64.7716,-64.067 -64.7688,-64.067 -64.766))"]	["POINT(-64.0155 -64.78)"]	false	false
Thermogenic Methane Production in Antarctic Subglacial Hydrocarbon Seeps	2423761 2042495	2025-03-17	Piccione, Gavin	EAGER: Pedogenic Carbonates Record Insolation Driven Surface Melting in Antarctica Collaborative Research: Reconstructing East Antarctica’s Past Response to Climate using Subglacial Precipitates	This dataset includes geochemical analyses of carbonate nodules collected at Elephant Moraine and the Pensacola Mountains, East Antarctica. Oxygen and uranium-series isotope analyses indicate that these carbonates precipitated from glacial meltwater during deglacial periods in the late Pleistocene. Carbonate δ13C values as low as -32.75 ‰ identify thermogenic methane as a primary carbon source, while clumped isotope measurements indicate formation temperatures of 12 - 20˚C, consistent with a geothermal origin. Lipid biomarker analyses further show that organic matter preserved in the nodules is highly thermally matured. These findings indicate that deep-sourced thermogenic methane migrated as hydrocarbon seeps to shallow pore spaces within basal sediments, demonstrating that geothermally active areas can be hotspots for methane accumulation below the Antarctic Ice Sheet. This material is based on services provided by the Polar Rock Repository with support from the National Science Foundation, under Cooperative Agreement OPP-2137467.	["POLYGON((-180 -75,-144 -75,-108 -75,-72 -75,-36 -75,0 -75,36 -75,72 -75,108 -75,144 -75,180 -75,180 -76.5,180 -78,180 -79.5,180 -81,180 -82.5,180 -84,180 -85.5,180 -87,180 -88.5,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -88.5,-180 -87,-180 -85.5,-180 -84,-180 -82.5,-180 -81,-180 -79.5,-180 -78,-180 -76.5,-180 -75))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Weather, Firn Core, and Ground-penetrating radar data from southern Wilkins and George VI ice shelves, 2018-2019	1745116	2025-02-24	Scambos, Ted; Miller, Julie; Miege, Clement; Montgomery, Lynn; Wallin, Bruce	Antarctic Firn Aquifers: Extent, Characteristics, and Comparison with Greenland Occurrences	Data were collected from two sites, one on the southern Wilkins and another on the southern George VI ice shelves. Both sites were investigated as potential sites of perennial firn aquifers; in the case of the southern Wilkins, an extensive firn aquifer was found (Montgomery et al., 2020). Data sources come from two early-model AMIGOS stations (Scambos et al., 2013), ice cores that were collected by hot-ring coring (Montgomery et al., 2020), and ground-penetrating radar profiles. Thermistor data from several depths within the firn core boreholes, transmitted by the AMIGOS stations, show the progression of the seasonal variations in firn temperature at the sites. Radar data show the depth of the firn aquifer (or, its absence at George VI site), and some drainage effects at a nearby rift at the Wilkins site.	["POLYGON((-73 -70.5,-72.35 -70.5,-71.7 -70.5,-71.05 -70.5,-70.4 -70.5,-69.75 -70.5,-69.1 -70.5,-68.45 -70.5,-67.8 -70.5,-67.15 -70.5,-66.5 -70.5,-66.5 -70.8,-66.5 -71.1,-66.5 -71.4,-66.5 -71.7,-66.5 -72,-66.5 -72.3,-66.5 -72.6,-66.5 -72.9,-66.5 -73.2,-66.5 -73.5,-67.15 -73.5,-67.8 -73.5,-68.45 -73.5,-69.1 -73.5,-69.75 -73.5,-70.4 -73.5,-71.05 -73.5,-71.7 -73.5,-72.35 -73.5,-73 -73.5,-73 -73.2,-73 -72.9,-73 -72.6,-73 -72.3,-73 -72,-73 -71.7,-73 -71.4,-73 -71.1,-73 -70.8,-73 -70.5))"]	["POINT(-69.75 -72)"]	false	false
APL-UW Southern Ocean Wave Glider Data from 2019/20 Mission	1853291	2025-02-17	Girton, James	Wave Glider Observations of Surface Fluxes and Mixed-layer Processes in the Southern Ocean	This data file collects the initial processed versions of all upper-ocean and lower-atmosphere data streams (along with subsampled satellite and reanalysis products along the survey track) from the 2019/20 deployment of the APL-UW Wave Glider autonomous surface vehicle (SV3-153) in Drake Passage. <br/>	["POLYGON((-70 -58,-68.8 -58,-67.6 -58,-66.4 -58,-65.2 -58,-64 -58,-62.8 -58,-61.6 -58,-60.4 -58,-59.2 -58,-58 -58,-58 -58.8,-58 -59.6,-58 -60.4,-58 -61.2,-58 -62,-58 -62.8,-58 -63.6,-58 -64.4,-58 -65.2,-58 -66,-59.2 -66,-60.4 -66,-61.6 -66,-62.8 -66,-64 -66,-65.2 -66,-66.4 -66,-67.6 -66,-68.8 -66,-70 -66,-70 -65.2,-70 -64.4,-70 -63.6,-70 -62.8,-70 -62,-70 -61.2,-70 -60.4,-70 -59.6,-70 -58.8,-70 -58))"]	["POINT(-64 -62)"]	false	false
MOT data (Xe/Kr) from Allan Hills ice cores ALHIC1901, 1902, and 1903	1744993	2025-02-12	Higgins, John	Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area Center for Oldest Ice Exploration	Between about 2.8-0.9 Ma, Earth’s climate was characterized by 40 kyr cycles, driven or paced by changes in the tilt of Earth’s spin axis. Much is known about the 40k world from studies of deep-sea sediments, but our understanding of climate change during this period and the transition between the 40kyr glacial cycles from 2.8-0.9 Ma and the 100kyr glacial cycles of the last 0.9 Myr is incomplete because we lack records of Antarctic climate and direct records of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. We propose to address these issues by building on our recent studies of >1 Ma ice discovered in shallow ice cores in the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area (BIA), Antarctica. During the 2015-2016 field season we recovered ice from two nearby drill cores that dates to > 2 million years in age using the 40Ar/38Ar ratio of the trapped gases. Our discovery of ice of this antiquity in two cores demonstrates that there is gas-record quality ice from the 40k world in the Allan Hills BIA. To further characterize the composition of Earth’s atmosphere and Antarctic climate during the 40k world we request support for two field seasons to drill new large-volume (4” or 9” diameter) ice cores at sites where we have previously identified >1 Ma ice and nearby sites where ground penetrating radar has identified bedrock features conducive to the preservation of old ice.	["POINT(159.356125 -76.732376)"]	["POINT(159.356125 -76.732376)"]	false	false
AXCTD and AXBT Profiles from the Amundsen Sea	2114454	2025-02-11	Greenbaum, Jamin; Greenbaum, Jamin Stevens	RAPID: International Collaborative Airborne Sensor Deployments near Antarctic Ice Shelves	This dataset contains ocean profile measurements from Airborne Expendable Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (AXCTD) and Airborne Expendable Bathy-Thermograph (AXBT) sensors deployed by helicopter and from the RV Araon research icebreaker. AXCTDs were deployed around the Thwaites Glacier Tongue while the AXBTs were deployed near the Dotson Ice Shelf and along a northbound transect at the end of the field season. The profiles were acquired in February 2022.	["POLYGON((-118.2 -72.2,-116.98 -72.2,-115.76 -72.2,-114.54 -72.2,-113.32000000000001 -72.2,-112.1 -72.2,-110.88 -72.2,-109.66 -72.2,-108.44 -72.2,-107.22 -72.2,-106 -72.2,-106 -72.53,-106 -72.86,-106 -73.19,-106 -73.52,-106 -73.85,-106 -74.18,-106 -74.51,-106 -74.84,-106 -75.17,-106 -75.5,-107.22 -75.5,-108.44 -75.5,-109.66 -75.5,-110.88 -75.5,-112.1 -75.5,-113.32000000000001 -75.5,-114.54 -75.5,-115.76 -75.5,-116.98 -75.5,-118.2 -75.5,-118.2 -75.17,-118.2 -74.84,-118.2 -74.51,-118.2 -74.18,-118.2 -73.85,-118.2 -73.52,-118.2 -73.19,-118.2 -72.86,-118.2 -72.53,-118.2 -72.2))"]	["POINT(-112.1 -73.85)"]	false	false
Temperature acclimation and acclimatization of sea spider larvae	1745130	2025-01-31	Moran, Amy; Lobert, Graham; Toh, MIng Wei Aaron	Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development	This dataset includes oxygen consumption rates of larvae of the sea spider Nymphon australe acclimated in the laboratory to two different temperatures, assessed across four different temperatures. The dataset also includes oxygen consumption measured at the same range of temperatures between larvae collected in the field in the late winter (cold) and mid spring (slightly warmer).	[]	[]	false	false
Effect of temperature on cleavage rate of Antarctic invertebrates	1745130	2025-01-31	Moran, Amy; Lobert, Graham; Toh, Ming Wei Aaron	Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development	This dataset includes cleavage rates of embryos of three species of Antarctic embryos that were reared at a range of temperatures up to the 32-cell stage.	[]	[]	false	false
Effect of temperature on oxygen consumption rates of larvae of four Antarctic marine invertebrates	1745130	2025-01-31	Moran, Amy; Lobert, Graham; Toh, MIng Wei Aaron	Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development	This dataset contains oxygen consumption of larvae of four different species of marine invertebrate, measured at four different temperatures.	[]	[]	false	false
Temperature effects on proximal composition and development rate of embryos and larvae of four Antarctic invertebrates	1745130	2025-01-29	Moran, Amy; Toh, Ming Wei Aaron; Lobert, Graham	Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development	This dataset contains a proximal composition analysis and ash-free dry weight data from embryos and larvae of four different Antarctic marine invertebrates that were raised for two months at four different temperatures. The dataset also contains the length of different developmental stages at different temperatures. Samples were collected and experiments were performed between 2019 and 2022 at McMurdo Station, Antarctica.	[]	[]	false	false
South Pole Ice Core (SPC14) Bubble Number-Density Data	1542778	2025-01-15	Fegyveresi, John	Climate History and Flow Processes from Physical Analyses of the SPICECORE South Pole Ice Core	This data set includes the bubble number-density data measured in the SPC14 South Pole Ice Core from depths of 160 m to 1200 m. Traditional bubble-section data are included measured from 53 samples taken at 20 m intervals (tab 1). Additionally, we include new micro-CT data from 11 new samples taken at 100 m intervals (tab 2). The data set also includes modeled temperature reconstructions based on the model developed by Spencer and others (2006) and Fegyveresi and others (2011). This data set also includes a tab for bubble sizes measured in the traditional bubble-sections.	["POLYGON((-180 -89,-144 -89,-108 -89,-72 -89,-36 -89,0 -89,36 -89,72 -89,108 -89,144 -89,180 -89,180 -89.1,180 -89.2,180 -89.3,180 -89.4,180 -89.5,180 -89.6,180 -89.7,180 -89.8,180 -89.9,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -89.9,-180 -89.8,-180 -89.7,-180 -89.6,-180 -89.5,-180 -89.4,-180 -89.3,-180 -89.2,-180 -89.1,-180 -89))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Survey Metadata. All counts of Odontaster validus from SSWS surveys at the McMurdo Intake Jetty and Cinder Cones	1745130	2025-01-04	Moran, Amy; Thurber, Andrew	Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development	Counts of Odontaster along 50-m transects at the McMurdo Intake Jetty (2019, 2020) and Cinder Cones (2022), including incidence of SSWS and staging of each visibly affected individual starfish.	[]	[]	false	false
Soil moisture and soil temperature data (0-5 cm) near Palmer Station, Antarctica	1947562	2025-01-03	van Gestel, Natasja	Antarctica as a Model System for Responses of Terrestrial Carbon Balance to Warming	This data set contains soil temperature, soil moisture, and soil conductivity data in the vicinity of Palmer Station. TEROS12 sensors are installed in 40 plots that are distributed along an increasing primary productivity gradient (i.e., with increasing distance from the Marr Ice Piedmont glacier). The sensors are comprised of 5 cm long metal pins that are inserted straight down into the soil and hence, data are collected from the upper 0-5 cm of the soil. There are 4 sites along the gradient (site 1 is closest to the glacier and site 4 is farthest from the glacier), with ten plots at each site. Half of the plots at each site are plots that contain an open-top chamber and the other half of the plots are control (unwarmed) plots. Plot ids will contain "W" for warmed plots and "C" for control plots. Raw data from the loggers (logged every 20 minutes), as well as an R Markdown file is provided to facilitate reading in and displaying the daily average soil moisture and temperature data at the plot and at the treatment level for each productivity site. Loggers and sensors were installed in December 2022 and were downloaded in November (sites 2-4) and in December (site 1) of 2024.	["POLYGON((-64.0898264 -64.7704833,-64.08444765 -64.7704833,-64.07906890000001 -64.7704833,-64.07369015 -64.7704833,-64.0683114 -64.7704833,-64.06293265 -64.7704833,-64.0575539 -64.7704833,-64.05217515 -64.7704833,-64.04679639999999 -64.7704833,-64.04141765 -64.7704833,-64.0360389 -64.7704833,-64.0360389 -64.77082025,-64.0360389 -64.77115719999999,-64.0360389 -64.77149415,-64.0360389 -64.7718311,-64.0360389 -64.77216805,-64.0360389 -64.772505,-64.0360389 -64.77284195,-64.0360389 -64.7731789,-64.0360389 -64.77351585,-64.0360389 -64.7738528,-64.04141765 -64.7738528,-64.04679639999999 -64.7738528,-64.05217515 -64.7738528,-64.0575539 -64.7738528,-64.06293265 -64.7738528,-64.0683114 -64.7738528,-64.07369015 -64.7738528,-64.07906890000001 -64.7738528,-64.08444765 -64.7738528,-64.0898264 -64.7738528,-64.0898264 -64.77351585,-64.0898264 -64.7731789,-64.0898264 -64.77284195,-64.0898264 -64.772505,-64.0898264 -64.77216805,-64.0898264 -64.7718311,-64.0898264 -64.77149415,-64.0898264 -64.77115719999999,-64.0898264 -64.77082025,-64.0898264 -64.7704833))"]	["POINT(-64.06293265 -64.77216805)"]	false	false
The effects of microhabitat temperature in phenotypic variation across B. antarctica populations	1850988	2025-01-03	Sousa Lima, Cleverson; Michel, Andrew; Hayward, Scott; Teets, Nicholas; Lima, Cleverson de Sousa	No project link provided	Environmental conditions are the major drivers of species distribution, and terrestrial Antarctica arguably presents the most dramatic challenges for its inhabitants. Many animals rely on acclimation to enhance their stress tolerance to face unfavorable conditions. Some animals can also rely on their phenotypic plasticity to respond to these unfavorable conditions without the need to slowly experience increasing levels of stress to enhance their stress tolerance (i.e., acclimate). Belgica antarctica can rely on both types of strategies, but since they evolved to live in a habitat with such dramatic environmental changes as Antarctica, they are very sensitive to any type of stress (e.g., a sudden drop in temperature, or a bout of high-speed wind). Studying the extent to which B. antarctica rely on each of these strategies to survive and how environmental variation can shape this species’ biology across distinct populations (i.e., that might experience distinct selective pressures) is important to help us better understand how polyextremophiles adapt and evolve while inhabiting extreme environments. This project focused on studying freeze tolerance in B. antarctica populations populations within Cormorant Island that inhabited three distinct microhabitats over the course of the summer season (January-March).	["POLYGON((-64.067 -64.766,-64.05669999999999 -64.766,-64.04639999999999 -64.766,-64.03609999999999 -64.766,-64.02579999999999 -64.766,-64.0155 -64.766,-64.0052 -64.766,-63.994899999999994 -64.766,-63.9846 -64.766,-63.9743 -64.766,-63.964 -64.766,-63.964 -64.7688,-63.964 -64.7716,-63.964 -64.7744,-63.964 -64.77720000000001,-63.964 -64.78,-63.964 -64.7828,-63.964 -64.7856,-63.964 -64.7884,-63.964 -64.7912,-63.964 -64.794,-63.9743 -64.794,-63.9846 -64.794,-63.994899999999994 -64.794,-64.0052 -64.794,-64.0155 -64.794,-64.02579999999999 -64.794,-64.03609999999999 -64.794,-64.04639999999999 -64.794,-64.05669999999999 -64.794,-64.067 -64.794,-64.067 -64.7912,-64.067 -64.7884,-64.067 -64.7856,-64.067 -64.7828,-64.067 -64.78,-64.067 -64.77720000000001,-64.067 -64.7744,-64.067 -64.7716,-64.067 -64.7688,-64.067 -64.766))"]	["POINT(-64.0155 -64.78)"]	false	false
Benthic seawater temperature and conductivity measurements at six sites in McMurdo Sound	1745130	2025-01-02	Moran, Amy	Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development	Temperature and conductivity measurements collected from Hobo loggers deployed ~3cm from the benthos at six sites around McMurdo Sound in 2021-2022 at depths of 20-30 m.	["POLYGON((166 -77,166.08 -77,166.16 -77,166.24 -77,166.32 -77,166.4 -77,166.48000000000002 -77,166.56 -77,166.64000000000001 -77,166.72 -77,166.8 -77,166.8 -77.09,166.8 -77.18,166.8 -77.27,166.8 -77.36,166.8 -77.45,166.8 -77.54,166.8 -77.63000000000001,166.8 -77.72,166.8 -77.81,166.8 -77.9,166.72 -77.9,166.64000000000001 -77.9,166.56 -77.9,166.48000000000002 -77.9,166.4 -77.9,166.32 -77.9,166.24 -77.9,166.16 -77.9,166.08 -77.9,166 -77.9,166 -77.81,166 -77.72,166 -77.63000000000001,166 -77.54,166 -77.45,166 -77.36,166 -77.27,166 -77.18,166 -77.09,166 -77))"]	["POINT(166.4 -77.45)"]	false	false
Commonwealth Stream Diel Water Chemistry	1841228	2024-10-15	Gardner, Christopher B.	Fe Behavior and Bioavailability in Sub-aerial Runoff into the Ross Sea	Detailed water chemistry data from a collection of water samples at the delta of Commonwealth stream in Taylor Valley, Antarctica at even intervals across the day in 2020. The samples have been analyzed using a handheld meter for pH and temperature, ion chromatography for major ions, ICP-MS for iron concentrations	["POINT(163.4863 -77.5607)"]	["POINT(163.4863 -77.5607)"]	false	false
Surface melt-related multi-source remote-sensing and climate model data over Helheim Glacier, Greenland for segmentation and machine learning applications	2136938	2024-10-07	Alexander, Patrick; Antwerpen, Raphael; Cervone, Guido; Fettweis, Xavier; Lütjens, Björn; Tedesco, Marco	Collaborative Research: EAGER: Generation of high resolution surface melting maps over Antarctica using regional climate models, remote sensing and machine learning	This dataset contains high-resolution satellite-derived snow/ice surface melt-related data on a common 100 m equal area grid (Albers equal area projection; EPSG 9822) over Helheim Glacier and surrounding areas in Greenland. The data is used as part of a machine learning framework that aims to fill data gaps in computed meltwater fraction on the 100 m grid using a range of methods, results of which will be published separately. <br/><br/> <br/><br/>The data include fraction of a grid cell covered by meltwater derived from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter, satellite-derived passive microwave (PMW) brightness temperatures, snowpack liquid water content within the first meter of snow and atmospheric and radiative variables from the Modéle Atmosphérique Règional (MAR) regional climate model, spectral reflectance in four wavelength bands from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), a static digital elevation model (DEM), and an ice sheet mask. <br/><br/>A similar dataset has also been produced for Larsen C ice shelf and is also available through the US Antarctic Program Data Center. <br/><br/> <br/><br/> <br/><br/>	["POLYGON((-40 67.55,-39.611 67.55,-39.222 67.55,-38.833 67.55,-38.444 67.55,-38.055 67.55,-37.666 67.55,-37.277 67.55,-36.888 67.55,-36.499 67.55,-36.11 67.55,-36.11 67.28999999999999,-36.11 67.03,-36.11 66.77,-36.11 66.51,-36.11 66.25,-36.11 65.99,-36.11 65.73,-36.11 65.47,-36.11 65.21000000000001,-36.11 64.95,-36.499 64.95,-36.888 64.95,-37.277 64.95,-37.666 64.95,-38.055 64.95,-38.444 64.95,-38.833 64.95,-39.222 64.95,-39.611 64.95,-40 64.95,-40 65.21000000000001,-40 65.47,-40 65.73,-40 65.99,-40 66.25,-40 66.51,-40 66.77,-40 67.03,-40 67.28999999999999,-40 67.55))"]	["POINT(-38.055 66.25)"]	false	false
Surface melt-related multi-source remote-sensing and climate model data over Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica for segmentation and machine learning applications	2136938	2024-10-07	Alexander, Patrick; Antwerpen, Raphael; Cervone, Guido; Fettweis, Xavier; Lütjens, Björn; Tedesco, Marco	Collaborative Research: EAGER: Generation of high resolution surface melting maps over Antarctica using regional climate models, remote sensing and machine learning	This dataset contains high-resolution satellite-derived snow/ice surface melt-related data on a common 100 m equal area grid (Lambert azimuthal equal area projection; EPSG 9820) over Larsen C Ice Shelf and surrounding areas in Antarctica. The data is prepared to be used as part of a machine learning framework that aims to fill data gaps in computed meltwater fraction on the 100 m grid using a range of methods, results of which will be published separately. <br/><br/><br/>The data include fraction of a grid cell covered by meltwater derived from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter, satellite-derived passive microwave (PMW) brightness temperatures, snowpack liquid water content within the first meter of snow and atmospheric and radiative variables from the Modéle Atmosphérique Règional (MAR) regional climate model, a static digital elevation model (DEM), and an ice sheet mask. <br/><br/><br/>A similar dataset has been produced for Helheim Glacier, Greenland and is also available through the US Antarctic Program Data Center.	["POLYGON((-68.5 -65.25,-67.35 -65.25,-66.2 -65.25,-65.05 -65.25,-63.9 -65.25,-62.75 -65.25,-61.6 -65.25,-60.45 -65.25,-59.3 -65.25,-58.15 -65.25,-57 -65.25,-57 -65.652,-57 -66.054,-57 -66.456,-57 -66.858,-57 -67.25999999999999,-57 -67.66199999999999,-57 -68.064,-57 -68.466,-57 -68.868,-57 -69.27,-58.15 -69.27,-59.3 -69.27,-60.45 -69.27,-61.6 -69.27,-62.75 -69.27,-63.9 -69.27,-65.05 -69.27,-66.2 -69.27,-67.35 -69.27,-68.5 -69.27,-68.5 -68.868,-68.5 -68.466,-68.5 -68.064,-68.5 -67.66199999999999,-68.5 -67.25999999999999,-68.5 -66.858,-68.5 -66.456,-68.5 -66.054,-68.5 -65.652,-68.5 -65.25))"]	["POINT(-62.75 -67.25999999999999)"]	false	false
Tertiary creep rates of temperate ice containing greater than 0.7% liquid water	1643120	2024-09-16	Iverson, Neal	NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Two-Phase Dynamics of Temperate Ice	Accurately modeling the deformation of temperate glacier ice, which is at its pressure-melting temperature and contains liquid water at grain boundaries, is essential for predicting ice sheet discharge to the ocean and associated sea-level rise. Central to such modeling is Glen’s flow law, in which strain rate depends on stress raised to a power of n=3-4. In sharp contrast to this nonlinearity, we find by conducting large-scale, shear-deformation experiments to tertiary creep that temperate ice is linear-viscous (n≈1.0) over common ranges of liquid water content and stress expected near glacier beds and in ice stream margins. This linearity is likely caused by diffusive pressure-melting and refreezing at grain boundaries and could help stabilize modeled responses of ice sheets to shrinkage-induced stress increases.	[]	[]	false	false
The Impacts of the Microstructural Location of H2SO4 on the Flow of Polycrystalline Ice	None	2024-09-05	Ogunmolasuyi, Ayobami	No project link provided	The effects of soluble impurities on the flow of glaciers and ice sheets as well as the effects of ice flow on impurities migration are not well understood. This study investigates the effects of sulfuric acid (H2SO4) concentrations ranging from 10 to 25 ppm on the flow and fabric of polycrystalline ice under compression at temperatures of -3°C and -12°C. The results show that H2SO4-doped polycrystalline ice deforms significantly faster than high-purity polycrystalline ice, with the deformation rate being 1.5 to 3 times higher. At -12°C, the presence of H2SO4 within the grains induces the most ice softening, whereas at -3°C, H2SO4's softening effects are observed both within the grains and at grain boundaries. The migration of H2SO4 to grain boundaries during deformation leads to the formation of a liquid-like layer, with increased solubility at higher temperatures potentially homogenizing the impurities within the ice matrix. This homogenization at -3°C suggests that post-depositional processes near the bed of ice sheets could significantly alter sulfate records. At -12°C, where homogenization is absent, impurity-induced dislocation processes may heavily influence deformation and impurity migration. Additionally, the comparison of natural ice with lab-grown samples indicates that fabric development significantly impacts compressive strength and creep rates, with implications for the understanding of impurity-induced deformation processes in polar ice.	[]	[]	false	false
Amundsen Sea Continental Shelf Mooring Data (2006-2007)	0440775 0632282	2024-07-22	Jacobs, Stanley; Giulivi, Claudia F.	The Amundsen Continental Shelf and the Antarctic Ice Sheet Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise - IPY/ASEP	Ocean currents, temperature, salinity and pressure time series from five oceanographic moorings deployed in the Amundsen and Bellingshausen Seas, Antarctica. The moorings were deployed during the 2006 expedition ANT-XXIII/4 aboard the R/V Polarstern and retrieved during the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise NBP0702 in 2007. The deployments were part of a multidisciplinary effort to study the upwelling of relatively warm deep water onto the Amundsen Sea continental shelf and how it relates to atmospheric forcing and bottom bathymetry and how the warm waters interact with both glacial and sea ice. This study constitutes a contribution of a coordinated research effort in the region known as the Amundsen Sea Embayment Project or ASEP.	["POLYGON((-116.9985 -67.6776,-112.63225 -67.6776,-108.266 -67.6776,-103.89975000000001 -67.6776,-99.5335 -67.6776,-95.16725 -67.6776,-90.801 -67.6776,-86.43475000000001 -67.6776,-82.0685 -67.6776,-77.70224999999999 -67.6776,-73.336 -67.6776,-73.336 -68.37069,-73.336 -69.06378,-73.336 -69.75687,-73.336 -70.44996,-73.336 -71.14305,-73.336 -71.83614,-73.336 -72.52923,-73.336 -73.22232000000001,-73.336 -73.91541000000001,-73.336 -74.6085,-77.70224999999999 -74.6085,-82.0685 -74.6085,-86.43475000000001 -74.6085,-90.801 -74.6085,-95.16725 -74.6085,-99.5335 -74.6085,-103.89975000000001 -74.6085,-108.266 -74.6085,-112.63225 -74.6085,-116.9985 -74.6085,-116.9985 -73.91541000000001,-116.9985 -73.22232000000001,-116.9985 -72.52923,-116.9985 -71.83614,-116.9985 -71.14305,-116.9985 -70.44996,-116.9985 -69.75687,-116.9985 -69.06378,-116.9985 -68.37069,-116.9985 -67.6776))"]	["POINT(-95.16725 -71.14305)"]	false	false
Population morphometrics of the Southern Ocean diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis related to Sea Surface Temperature	1939139	2024-06-27	Ruggiero, Joseph	Collaborative Research: Testing the Linchpin of WAIS Collapse with Diatoms and IRD in Pleistocene and Late Pliocene Strata of the Resolution Drift, Amundsen Sea, Antarctica	This dataset contains physical measurements of specimens of the Southern Ocean diatom Fragilariopsis kerguelensis. We used the image segmentation software SHERPA (Kloster et al., 2017) to make physical measurements of each valve including "rectangularity". F. kerguelensis rectangularity has been posited to change in response to Sea Surface Temperature, a relationship that we explore in this study by calculating SSTs using established and new valve rectangularity/SST calibrations.	[]	[]	false	false
Vertical ocean profiles collected by a Conductivity-Temperature-Depth (CTD) package in the Amundsen Sea	1941327	2024-05-14	Stammerjohn, Sharon	NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research: Accelerating Thwaites Ecosystem Impacts for the Southern Ocean (ARTEMIS)	This dataset includes 297 CTD vertical profiles acquired during NBP2202 in the Amundsen Sea (12 Jan to 25 Feb, 2022) using both the ship's CTD and a Trace Metal Clean (TMC) CTD package. There is an ascii file for each downcast (N=297), upcast (N=297), and bottle cast (N=192, i.e., not all casts tripped bottles), along with a README file that gives details on the instrument package, sensors, post-cruise sensor calibrations/corrections, file structure, and acknowledgements.	["POLYGON((-120 -71,-118 -71,-116 -71,-114 -71,-112 -71,-110 -71,-108 -71,-106 -71,-104 -71,-102 -71,-100 -71,-100 -71.4,-100 -71.8,-100 -72.2,-100 -72.6,-100 -73,-100 -73.4,-100 -73.8,-100 -74.2,-100 -74.6,-100 -75,-102 -75,-104 -75,-106 -75,-108 -75,-110 -75,-112 -75,-114 -75,-116 -75,-118 -75,-120 -75,-120 -74.6,-120 -74.2,-120 -73.8,-120 -73.4,-120 -73,-120 -72.6,-120 -72.2,-120 -71.8,-120 -71.4,-120 -71))"]	["POINT(-110 -73)"]	false	false
NSF COLDEX Raw MARFA Ice Penetrating Radar data	2019719	2024-02-19	Young, Duncan A.; Blankenship, Donald D.; Greenbaum, Jamin; Kerr, Megan; Buhl, Dillon; Ng, Gregory; Kempf, Scott D.; Chan, Kristian	Center for Oldest Ice Exploration	This dataset constitutes the as-recorded echo data from the MARFA radar system. The data was recorded by a National Instruments acquisition system, simultaneously with GPS, magnetics, laser range data, outside air temperature and IMU data. The data was acquired using the Environment for Linked Serial Acquisition (ELSA). The data is provided in two forms: • Flight based and as recorded on the aircraft in raw packets • Transect based, reorganized into transects corresponding to the survey design, and demultiplexed into text tables and flat binary files.	["POLYGON((50 -84,55 -84,60 -84,65 -84,70 -84,75 -84,80 -84,85 -84,90 -84,95 -84,100 -84,100 -84.6,100 -85.2,100 -85.8,100 -86.4,100 -87,100 -87.6,100 -88.2,100 -88.8,100 -89.4,100 -90,95 -90,90 -90,85 -90,80 -90,75 -90,70 -90,65 -90,60 -90,55 -90,50 -90,50 -89.4,50 -88.8,50 -88.2,50 -87.6,50 -87,50 -86.4,50 -85.8,50 -85.2,50 -84.6,50 -84))"]	["POINT(75 -87)"]	false	false
Differential temperature preferences exhibited in the juvenile Antarctic notothenioids Trematomus bernacchii and Trematomus pennellii	1744999	2024-02-06	Todgham, Anne; Naslund, Andrew; Zillig, Ken; Mandic, Milica; Frazier, Amanda	Interacting Stressors: Metabolic Capacity to Acclimate under Ocean Warming and CO2- Acidification in Early Developmental Stages of Antarctic Fishes	This dataset records temperature preference of two species of Antarctic nototheniod fishes, as described in the draft manuscript ‘Naslund et al. (Forthcoming 2024) Differential temperature preferences exhibited in the juvenile Antarctic notothenioids Trematomus bernacchii and Trematomus pennellii.	[]	[]	false	false
EPICA Dome C Sulfate Data 7-3190m	1851022	2023-12-22	Fudge, T. J.; Severi, Mirko	Collaborative Research: The Impact of Impurities and Stress State on Polycrystalline Ice Deformation	Volcanic deposition of sulfuric acid in ice cores is important both for understanding past volcanic activity and for synchronizing ice core timescales. Sulfuric acid has a low eutectic point, so it can potentially exist in liquid at grain boundaries and veins, accelerating chemical diffusion. A high effective diffusivity would allow post-depositional diffusion to obscure the climate history and the peak matching among older portions of ice cores. Here, we use records of sulfate from the EPICA Dome C (EDC) ice core to estimate the effective diffusivity of sulfuric acid in ice. We focus on EDC because multiple glacial-interglacial cycles are preserved, allowing analysis for long timescales and deposition in similar climates. We calculate the mean concentration gradient and the width of prominent volcanic events, and analyze the evolution of each with depth/age. We find the effective diffusivities for interglacials and glacial maximums to be 5 ± 3 × 10-9 m2 a-1, an order of magnitude lower than a previous estimate derived from the Holocene portion of EDC (Barnes et al., 2003). The effective diffusivity may be even smaller if the bias from artificial smoothing from the sampling is accounted for. Effective diffusivity is not obviously affected by the ice temperature until about -10°C, 3000m depth, which is also where anomalous sulfate peaks begin to be observed (Traversi et al., 2009). Low effective diffusivity suggests that sulfuric acid is not readily diffusing in liquid-like veins in the upper portions of the Antarctic ice sheet and that records may be preserved in deep, old ice if the ice temperature remains well below the pressure melting point.	["POINT(123.33 -75.09)"]	["POINT(123.33 -75.09)"]	false	false
d15N and d18O of air in the WAIS Divide ice core	0538657	2023-10-20	Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.	Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate	Major gas components of air data set, containing d15N, d18O of O2, dO2/N2, and dAr/N2 from the WAIS Divide ice core at high resolution. These data are used to constrain surface temperature, biosphere oxygen cycling, and firn thickness through the past >60 kyr.	["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"]	["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"]	false	false
Video of Colossendeis megalonyx behavior around egg mass	1745130	2023-07-24	Moran, Amy; Lobert, Graham	Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development	This video shows the behavior of an adult of Colossendeis megalonyx around a recently-deposited egg mass from a mating group of the same species. The egg mass is indicated by a white circle and label that appears close to the beginning of the video. The adult can be seen manipulating the egg mass with its ovigerous legs (long, with scoop at the end) and palps (shorter). Next to the adult and egg mass are two other Colossendeis in mating posture. The video was taken by Graham Lobert on November 1, 2021 on a GoPro Hero Black at a timelapse rate of one frame per second, played back at 30 fps. The egg mass is approximately three cm across the short diameter.	["POLYGON((166.66 -77.84,166.661 -77.84,166.662 -77.84,166.66299999999998 -77.84,166.664 -77.84,166.665 -77.84,166.666 -77.84,166.667 -77.84,166.66799999999998 -77.84,166.66899999999998 -77.84,166.67 -77.84,166.67 -77.84100000000001,166.67 -77.842,166.67 -77.843,166.67 -77.844,166.67 -77.845,166.67 -77.846,166.67 -77.847,166.67 -77.848,166.67 -77.84899999999999,166.67 -77.85,166.66899999999998 -77.85,166.66799999999998 -77.85,166.667 -77.85,166.666 -77.85,166.665 -77.85,166.664 -77.85,166.66299999999998 -77.85,166.662 -77.85,166.661 -77.85,166.66 -77.85,166.66 -77.84899999999999,166.66 -77.848,166.66 -77.847,166.66 -77.846,166.66 -77.845,166.66 -77.844,166.66 -77.843,166.66 -77.842,166.66 -77.84100000000001,166.66 -77.84))"]	["POINT(166.665 -77.845)"]	false	false
Egg diameters of Colossendeis megalonyx	1745130	2023-07-24	Moran, Amy	Thermal Sensitivity of Antarctic Embryos and Larvae: Effects of Temperature on Metabolism, Developmental Rate, and the Metabolic Cost of Development	Measurements of the longest diameters of 17 eggs of Colossendeis megalonyx, laid on October 25 2021 and photographed on October 27 2021.	["POLYGON((163 -76,163.3 -76,163.6 -76,163.9 -76,164.2 -76,164.5 -76,164.8 -76,165.1 -76,165.4 -76,165.7 -76,166 -76,166 -76.2,166 -76.4,166 -76.6,166 -76.8,166 -77,166 -77.2,166 -77.4,166 -77.6,166 -77.8,166 -78,165.7 -78,165.4 -78,165.1 -78,164.8 -78,164.5 -78,164.2 -78,163.9 -78,163.6 -78,163.3 -78,163 -78,163 -77.8,163 -77.6,163 -77.4,163 -77.2,163 -77,163 -76.8,163 -76.6,163 -76.4,163 -76.2,163 -76))"]	["POINT(164.5 -77)"]	false	false
2022-23 Allan Hills Intermediate Ice Core Site Selection Field Report	2019719	2023-06-16	Conway, Howard; Brook, Edward J.	Center for Oldest Ice Exploration	This unpublished report describes field activities in the 2022-23 Antarctic field season by the I-188 group within COLDEX. The main purpose of this work was to identify the final coring site for a proposed 1250 m ice core.	["POLYGON((159.17 -76.67,159.195 -76.67,159.22 -76.67,159.24499999999998 -76.67,159.26999999999998 -76.67,159.295 -76.67,159.32 -76.67,159.345 -76.67,159.36999999999998 -76.67,159.39499999999998 -76.67,159.42 -76.67,159.42 -76.676,159.42 -76.682,159.42 -76.688,159.42 -76.694,159.42 -76.7,159.42 -76.706,159.42 -76.712,159.42 -76.718,159.42 -76.724,159.42 -76.73,159.39499999999998 -76.73,159.36999999999998 -76.73,159.345 -76.73,159.32 -76.73,159.295 -76.73,159.26999999999998 -76.73,159.24499999999998 -76.73,159.22 -76.73,159.195 -76.73,159.17 -76.73,159.17 -76.724,159.17 -76.718,159.17 -76.712,159.17 -76.706,159.17 -76.7,159.17 -76.694,159.17 -76.688,159.17 -76.682,159.17 -76.676,159.17 -76.67))"]	["POINT(159.295 -76.7)"]	false	false
Allan Hills 2022-23 Shallow Ice Core Field Report	1744993	2023-06-16	Shackleton, Sarah; Brook, Edward J.	Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area Center for Oldest Ice Exploration	Unpublished field report describing drilling, sampling, and temperature profiles for shallow ice cores and boreholes at Allan Hills in 2022-2023 field season	["POLYGON((159.17 -76.67,159.195 -76.67,159.22 -76.67,159.24499999999998 -76.67,159.26999999999998 -76.67,159.295 -76.67,159.32 -76.67,159.345 -76.67,159.36999999999998 -76.67,159.39499999999998 -76.67,159.42 -76.67,159.42 -76.676,159.42 -76.682,159.42 -76.688,159.42 -76.694,159.42 -76.7,159.42 -76.706,159.42 -76.712,159.42 -76.718,159.42 -76.724,159.42 -76.73,159.39499999999998 -76.73,159.36999999999998 -76.73,159.345 -76.73,159.32 -76.73,159.295 -76.73,159.26999999999998 -76.73,159.24499999999998 -76.73,159.22 -76.73,159.195 -76.73,159.17 -76.73,159.17 -76.724,159.17 -76.718,159.17 -76.712,159.17 -76.706,159.17 -76.7,159.17 -76.694,159.17 -76.688,159.17 -76.682,159.17 -76.676,159.17 -76.67))"]	["POINT(159.295 -76.7)"]	false	false
Temperature activated transient receptor potential ion channels from Antarctic fishes	1245752 1443637	2023-06-16	York, Julia	Analysis of Voltage-gated Ion Channels in Antarctic Fish	This dataset is recordings of current, temperature, and voltage for TRPA1b and TRPV1a from Antarctic notothenioids fishes, plus metadata. TRPA1b and TRPV1a were found to be heat activated and multiple modulators of activity were tested. Paper can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.1098/rsob.20230215. Supplementary material can be accessed at: https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.c.6858595.v2.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Simulated winter warming negatively impacts survival of Antarctica's only endemic insect	1850988	2023-06-11	Devlin, Jack; Unfried, Laura; McCabe, Eleanor; Gantz, Josiah D.; Kawarasaki, Yuta; Elnitsky, Michael; Hotaling, Scott; Michel, Andrew; Convey, Peter; Hayward, Scott; Teets, Nicholas	No project link provided	Antarctic winters are challenging for terrestrial invertebrates, and species that live there have specialised adaptations to conserve energy and protect against cold injury in the winter. However, rapidly occurring climate change in these regions will increase the unpredictability of winter conditions, and there is currently a dearth of knowledge on how the highly adapted invertebrates of Antarctica will respond to changes in winter temperatures. 2. We evaluated the response of larvae of the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica, to simulated winters at three ecologically relevant mean temperature scenarios: warm (−1°C), normal (−3°C) and cold (−5°C). Within each scenario, larvae were placed into three distinct habitat types in which they are commonly observed (decaying organic matter, living moss, and Prasiola crispa algae). Following the simulated overwintering period, a range of physiological outcomes were measured, namely survival, locomotor activity, tissue damage, energy store levels and molecular stress responses. 3. Survival, energy stores and locomotor activity were significantly lower following the Warm overwintering environment than at lower temperatures, but tissue damage and heat shock protein expression (a proxy for protein damage) did not significantly differ between the three temperatures. Survival was also significantly lower in larvae overwintered in Prasiola crispa algae, although the underlying mechanism is unclear. Heat shock proteins were expressed least in larvae overwintering in living moss, suggesting it is less stressful to overwinter in this substrate, perhaps due to a more defined structure affording less direct contact with ice. 4. Our results demonstrate that a realistic 2°C increase in winter microhabitat temperature reduces survival and causes energy deficits that have implications for subsequent development and reproduction. While our Warm winter scenario was close tothe range of observed overwintering temperatures for this species, warmer winters are expected to become more common in response to climate change. Conversely, if climate change reduces the length of winter, some of the negative consequences of winter warming may be attenuated, so it will be important to consider this factor in future studies. Nonetheless, our results indicate that winter warming could negatively impact cold-adapted insects such as the Antarctic midge.	["POLYGON((-64.366767 -62.681,-63.991703599999994 -62.681,-63.6166402 -62.681,-63.2415768 -62.681,-62.866513399999995 -62.681,-62.49145 -62.681,-62.1163866 -62.681,-61.7413232 -62.681,-61.366259799999995 -62.681,-60.9911964 -62.681,-60.616133 -62.681,-60.616133 -62.9536677,-60.616133 -63.226335399999996,-60.616133 -63.4990031,-60.616133 -63.7716708,-60.616133 -64.04433850000001,-60.616133 -64.31700620000001,-60.616133 -64.58967390000001,-60.616133 -64.86234160000001,-60.616133 -65.13500930000001,-60.616133 -65.407677,-60.9911964 -65.407677,-61.366259799999995 -65.407677,-61.7413232 -65.407677,-62.1163866 -65.407677,-62.49145 -65.407677,-62.866513399999995 -65.407677,-63.2415768 -65.407677,-63.6166402 -65.407677,-63.991703599999994 -65.407677,-64.366767 -65.407677,-64.366767 -65.13500930000001,-64.366767 -64.86234160000001,-64.366767 -64.58967390000001,-64.366767 -64.31700620000001,-64.366767 -64.04433850000001,-64.366767 -63.7716708,-64.366767 -63.4990031,-64.366767 -63.226335399999996,-64.366767 -62.9536677,-64.366767 -62.681))"]	["POINT(-62.49145 -64.04433850000001)"]	false	false
Firn density and compaction rates 50km upstream of South Pole	1443471	2023-04-18	Stevens, Christopher Max; Lilien, David; Conway, Howard; Waddington, Edwin D.; Koutnik, Michelle; Fudge, T. J.	Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core	This dataset comprises firn density and compaction rate measurements from USP50, a site 50km upstream of South Pole. (89.54 S, 137.04 E). Firn compaction rates were measured for two years (from January 2017 to December 2018) using string potentiometers to measure borehole shortening. Density measurements include field measurements from December 2016 and January 2017 as well as measurements made at the National Science Foundation Ice Core Facility (NSF-ICF) on a core that was returned to the U.S. for analysis. The dataset also includes measurements of (near-surface) temperature inside the boxes that housed the potentiometers. The raw data are voltage measurements from a datalogger. The dataset includes these raw data as well as processed data. It also includes the python script used to process the data and relevant files containing site and instrument specifications needed to process the data.	["POINT(137.04 -89.54)"]	["POINT(137.04 -89.54)"]	false	false
CTD data from Mercer Subglacial Lake and access borehole	1543537	2023-01-17	Dore, John; Priscu, John; Leventer, Amy; Rosenheim, Brad	Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments	This dataset includes binned conductivity, temperature and pressure measurements from Mercer Subglacial Lake and the borehole drilled to access the lake by the SALSA project, as well as additional physical parameters derived from these measurements using the TEOS-10 equation of state.	["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"]	["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"]	false	false
Profile CTD Data During Installation of AMIGOS-III Cavity and Channel On-Ice Moorings	1738913	2022-12-01	SCAMBOS, Ted	NSF-NERC The Future of Thwaites Glacier and its Contribution to Sea-level Rise Science Coordination Office	CTD data (date-time, device ID, conductivity, raw temperature, pressure, and salinity) for four CTD units recorded as they were lowered through the ice-shelf boreholes at the two sites and into the underlying ocean during installation. Cavity AMIGOS-III station CTDs were installed on 30-31 December 2019 (earlier data are from a salt-water tank in McMurdo); Channel AMIGOS-III CTDs were installed on 12 January 2020.	["POLYGON((-105.6 -75.05,-105.58 -75.05,-105.56 -75.05,-105.53999999999999 -75.05,-105.52 -75.05,-105.5 -75.05,-105.48 -75.05,-105.46000000000001 -75.05,-105.44 -75.05,-105.42 -75.05,-105.4 -75.05,-105.4 -75.05499999999999,-105.4 -75.06,-105.4 -75.065,-105.4 -75.07,-105.4 -75.07499999999999,-105.4 -75.08,-105.4 -75.085,-105.4 -75.08999999999999,-105.4 -75.095,-105.4 -75.1,-105.42 -75.1,-105.44 -75.1,-105.46000000000001 -75.1,-105.48 -75.1,-105.5 -75.1,-105.52 -75.1,-105.53999999999999 -75.1,-105.56 -75.1,-105.58 -75.1,-105.6 -75.1,-105.6 -75.095,-105.6 -75.08999999999999,-105.6 -75.085,-105.6 -75.08,-105.6 -75.07499999999999,-105.6 -75.07,-105.6 -75.065,-105.6 -75.06,-105.6 -75.05499999999999,-105.6 -75.05))"]	["POINT(-105.5 -75.07499999999999)"]	false	false
Antarctic Seawater d18O isotope data from SE Amundsen Sea: 2000, 2007, 2009, 2019, 2020	1644159 1644118	2022-09-23	Hennig, Andrew	Estimation of Antarctic Ice Melt using Stable Isotopic Analyses of Seawater West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions	Seawater d18O and hydrographic data (temperature, salinity, oxygen where available) for 5 cruises to the Amundsen Sea in 2000, 2007, 2009, 2019, 2020	["POLYGON((-108 -73,-107.1 -73,-106.2 -73,-105.3 -73,-104.4 -73,-103.5 -73,-102.6 -73,-101.7 -73,-100.8 -73,-99.9 -73,-99 -73,-99 -73.3,-99 -73.6,-99 -73.9,-99 -74.2,-99 -74.5,-99 -74.8,-99 -75.1,-99 -75.4,-99 -75.7,-99 -76,-99.9 -76,-100.8 -76,-101.7 -76,-102.6 -76,-103.5 -76,-104.4 -76,-105.3 -76,-106.2 -76,-107.1 -76,-108 -76,-108 -75.7,-108 -75.4,-108 -75.1,-108 -74.8,-108 -74.5,-108 -74.2,-108 -73.9,-108 -73.6,-108 -73.3,-108 -73))"]	["POINT(-103.5 -74.5)"]	false	false
Seasonal temperatures in West Antarctica during the Holocene	1043092 1807522	2022-09-01	Jones, Tyler R.	Collaborative Research: Stable Isotopes of Ice in the Transition and Glacial Sections of the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core Collaborative Research: Targeted resampling of deep polar ice cores using information theory	We analyzed a continuous record of water-isotope ratios from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core to reveal summer and winter temperature changes through the last 11,000 years.	["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"]	["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"]	false	false
Specific growth rate measurements for 43 Southern Ocean diatoms	1543245	2022-06-27	Bishop, Ian	NSFGEO-NERC: Evolutionary Response of Southern Ocean Diatoms to Environmental Change	This dataset includes records of the specific growth rates measured for 43 clonal diatom strains originally isolated during the research cruise NBP-1701 across the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean during December 2016-January 2017. Strains were grown under continuous light (130 µmol m-2 s-1) at up to 8 temperatures that span all or most of each strain’s thermal niche width, from 0-12 degrees C, which encompasses each strain’s optimum temperature for growth. Strains have been molecularly identified to species via 18S Sanger sequencing. Data include the following information for each record: Internal lab strain reference ID, date collected, latitude, longitude, Southern Ocean region, species, tested temperature, replicate number and specific growth rate. Data are provided in comma-separated values (csv) format.	["POLYGON((-179 -59,-167.7 -59,-156.4 -59,-145.1 -59,-133.8 -59,-122.5 -59,-111.19999999999999 -59,-99.89999999999999 -59,-88.6 -59,-77.3 -59,-66 -59,-66 -60.9,-66 -62.8,-66 -64.7,-66 -66.6,-66 -68.5,-66 -70.4,-66 -72.3,-66 -74.2,-66 -76.1,-66 -78,-77.3 -78,-88.6 -78,-99.9 -78,-111.2 -78,-122.5 -78,-133.8 -78,-145.10000000000002 -78,-156.4 -78,-167.7 -78,-179 -78,-179 -76.1,-179 -74.2,-179 -72.3,-179 -70.4,-179 -68.5,-179 -66.6,-179 -64.7,-179 -62.8,-179 -60.900000000000006,-179 -59))"]	["POINT(-122.5 -68.5)"]	false	false
Dotson-Crosson Ice Shelf data from a tale of two ice shelves paper	1929991	2022-06-09	Wild, Christian; Segabinazzi-Dotto, Tiago	NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment	This data set includes maps of height above flotation, surface lowering rates, dynamic thickness change, basal melt rates and grounding-line projections from the Dotson-Crosson Ice Shelf System. Furthermore, we included point clouds of migrated ICESat data and ship-based measurents of ocean current and mean potential temperature along the Dotson Ice Shelf's front.	["POLYGON((-117.45625697487581 -73.79754996487824,-116.50673841062198 -73.79754996487824,-115.55721984636816 -73.79754996487824,-114.60770128211433 -73.79754996487824,-113.6581827178605 -73.79754996487824,-112.70866415360666 -73.79754996487824,-111.75914558935284 -73.79754996487824,-110.80962702509902 -73.79754996487824,-109.86010846084518 -73.79754996487824,-108.91058989659135 -73.79754996487824,-107.96107133233753 -73.79754996487824,-107.96107133233753 -74.04840280405163,-107.96107133233753 -74.29925564322501,-107.96107133233753 -74.5501084823984,-107.96107133233753 -74.80096132157178,-107.96107133233753 -75.05181416074517,-107.96107133233753 -75.30266699991856,-107.96107133233753 -75.55351983909193,-107.96107133233753 -75.80437267826532,-107.96107133233753 -76.0552255174387,-107.96107133233753 -76.30607835661209,-108.91058989659135 -76.30607835661209,-109.86010846084518 -76.30607835661209,-110.80962702509902 -76.30607835661209,-111.75914558935284 -76.30607835661209,-112.70866415360666 -76.30607835661209,-113.6581827178605 -76.30607835661209,-114.60770128211433 -76.30607835661209,-115.55721984636816 -76.30607835661209,-116.50673841062198 -76.30607835661209,-117.45625697487581 -76.30607835661209,-117.45625697487581 -76.0552255174387,-117.45625697487581 -75.80437267826532,-117.45625697487581 -75.55351983909193,-117.45625697487581 -75.30266699991856,-117.45625697487581 -75.05181416074517,-117.45625697487581 -74.80096132157178,-117.45625697487581 -74.5501084823984,-117.45625697487581 -74.29925564322501,-117.45625697487581 -74.04840280405163,-117.45625697487581 -73.79754996487824))"]	["POINT(-112.70866415360666 -75.05181416074517)"]	false	false
In-Situ Density, Temperature, Grain Size, and Layer Thickness data for the Antarctic Ice Sheet	1844793	2022-03-29	Aksoy, Mustafa; Kaurejo, Dua; Kar, Rahul	Characterization of Antarctic Firn by Multi-Frequency Passive Remote Sensing from Space	This dataset includes density, temperature, grain size, and layer thickness measurements collected from various projects available on USAP-DC. Depth listings were recalculated to reflect measurements from the surface of the ice to the deep ice if they were not listed as such in the original dataset. Non-linear least-squares regression was performed on the data to find parameters to existing depth-dependent density and grain size models and the regression results are provided in this dataset. Data is made available in MATLAB and XLSX files. See “insituData_readMe” for more details.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
AMIGOS-III Cavity and Channel Snow Height and Thermistor Snow Temperature Data	1738992	2022-03-29	Scambos, Ted	NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment	Campbell Scientific data loggers with eight platinum resistance thermometers (PRTs) and an acoustic snow height detector were installed as part of the AMIGOS-III instrumentation (AMIGOS: Automated Meteorology Ice Geophysics Observing System) The data are hourly reports of snow and near-surface air temperatures at different depths. At Cavity AMIGOS site, snow temperatures at ~1.2 meters depth (four PRTs) were used to provide reference temperatures for a coil of Distributed Thermal Sensing (DTS) fiber optic cable. At both sites, PRTs were attached to the tower (wrapped in reflective metal foil tape) as a means of investigating inversion strength and snow burial. At both sites, hourly snow height data using an acoustic sensor placed (initially) at 6.75 meters above the snow on a sensor cross-arm were acquired. A correction based on separately-measured air temperature was applied as per Campbell Scientifics correction algorithm. Both snow height sensors failed after just over one year (Cavity) or 10 months (Channel). Thermistor data continued to be acquired for 13 months (Cavity) or 19 months (Channel) The two sites latest positions (01 Oct, 2021) are: Cavity AMIGOS: 75.037°S, 105.58°W Channel AMIGOS: 75.049°S, 105.44°W both stations are moving NNE at roughly 850 m.yr, having accelerated from about 650 m/yr in early 2020.	["POLYGON((-105.55 -75.03,-105.53 -75.03,-105.51 -75.03,-105.49 -75.03,-105.47 -75.03,-105.45 -75.03,-105.43 -75.03,-105.41 -75.03,-105.39 -75.03,-105.37 -75.03,-105.35 -75.03,-105.35 -75.033,-105.35 -75.036,-105.35 -75.039,-105.35 -75.042,-105.35 -75.045,-105.35 -75.048,-105.35 -75.051,-105.35 -75.054,-105.35 -75.057,-105.35 -75.06,-105.37 -75.06,-105.39 -75.06,-105.41 -75.06,-105.43 -75.06,-105.45 -75.06,-105.47 -75.06,-105.49 -75.06,-105.51 -75.06,-105.53 -75.06,-105.55 -75.06,-105.55 -75.057,-105.55 -75.054,-105.55 -75.051,-105.55 -75.048,-105.55 -75.045,-105.55 -75.042,-105.55 -75.039,-105.55 -75.036,-105.55 -75.033,-105.55 -75.03))"]	["POINT(-105.45 -75.045)"]	false	false
Antarctic Firn Brightness Temperatures Measured by AMSR2 and SSMIS (Concordia, Vostok, and the Entire Ice Sheet)	1844793	2022-03-29	Aksoy, Mustafa; Kaurejo, Dua; Kar, Rahul	Characterization of Antarctic Firn by Multi-Frequency Passive Remote Sensing from Space	This MATLAB dataset includes brightness temperatures measured by AMSR2 and SSMIS from 01/01/2020 to 06/30/2021 over the Concordia and Vostok Stations as well as the entire Antarctic Ice Sheet. Vertically and horizontally polarized GPM SSMIS/AMSR2 common intercalibrated brightness temperatures at 10.65 GHz, 18.7 GHz, 19.35 GHz, 23.8 GHz, 36.5 GHz, 37 GHz, 89 GHz, and 91.655 GHz averaged over 0.25-degree x 0.25-degree grid cells are stored. In addition, AMSR2 measurements at 6.9 GHz and 7.3 GHz in both polarizations are included. Please read the text file “satData_readMe.txt” for more details.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
AMIGOS-IIIa "Cavity" Aquadopp current data Jan 2020 - Mar 2021	1738992	2022-03-28	Scambos, Ted	NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment	Aquadopp 6000m data spanning 14 months (with data gaps) at the Cavity site AMIGOS (Automated Meteorology-Ice-Geophysics Observing System) on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Data are reported as the uncalibrated numbers from the sensors delivered through the inductive modem to the AMIGOS system and uplinked via Iridium. The units were installed two meters below each of the Seabird CTD sensors on the mooring line below the AMIGOS-3a Cavity ice shelf mooring.	["POLYGON((-105.65 -75.04,-105.64 -75.04,-105.63 -75.04,-105.62 -75.04,-105.61 -75.04,-105.6 -75.04,-105.59 -75.04,-105.58 -75.04,-105.57 -75.04,-105.56 -75.04,-105.55 -75.04,-105.55 -75.042,-105.55 -75.044,-105.55 -75.046,-105.55 -75.048,-105.55 -75.05,-105.55 -75.052,-105.55 -75.054,-105.55 -75.056,-105.55 -75.058,-105.55 -75.06,-105.56 -75.06,-105.57 -75.06,-105.58 -75.06,-105.59 -75.06,-105.6 -75.06,-105.61 -75.06,-105.62 -75.06,-105.63 -75.06,-105.64 -75.06,-105.65 -75.06,-105.65 -75.058,-105.65 -75.056,-105.65 -75.054,-105.65 -75.052,-105.65 -75.05,-105.65 -75.048,-105.65 -75.046,-105.65 -75.044,-105.65 -75.042,-105.65 -75.04))"]	["POINT(-105.6 -75.05)"]	false	false
Visala WXT520 weather station data at the Cavity and Channel AMIGOS-III sites	1738992	2022-03-28	Scambos, Ted	NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment	Visalia WXT520 weather station hourly data spanning 20 months (with data gaps) at the Cavity and Channel AMIGOS-III sites (Automated Meteorology-Ice-Geophysics Observing System) on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Data are reported as the values from the sensors delivered through the Iridium modem via SBD from the AMIGOS. The units were installed at ~6.5m above the surface initially, with snow accumulation gradually reducing that to an estimated 3.5 m after 20 months. The stations report wind direction and speed, air temperature, humidity, pressure, and station power. The two sites latest positions (01 Oct, 2021) are: Cavity AMIGOS: 75.037°S, 105.58°W Channel AMIGOS: 75.049°S, 105.44°W both stations are moving NNE at roughly 850 m.yr, having accelerated from about 650 m/yr in early 2020.	["POLYGON((-105.55 -75.03,-105.53 -75.03,-105.51 -75.03,-105.49 -75.03,-105.47 -75.03,-105.45 -75.03,-105.43 -75.03,-105.41 -75.03,-105.39 -75.03,-105.37 -75.03,-105.35 -75.03,-105.35 -75.033,-105.35 -75.036,-105.35 -75.039,-105.35 -75.042,-105.35 -75.045,-105.35 -75.048,-105.35 -75.051,-105.35 -75.054,-105.35 -75.057,-105.35 -75.06,-105.37 -75.06,-105.39 -75.06,-105.41 -75.06,-105.43 -75.06,-105.45 -75.06,-105.47 -75.06,-105.49 -75.06,-105.51 -75.06,-105.53 -75.06,-105.55 -75.06,-105.55 -75.057,-105.55 -75.054,-105.55 -75.051,-105.55 -75.048,-105.55 -75.045,-105.55 -75.042,-105.55 -75.039,-105.55 -75.036,-105.55 -75.033,-105.55 -75.03))"]	["POINT(-105.45 -75.045)"]	false	false
AMIGOS-IIIc "Channel" Aquadopp current data Jan 2020 - Mar 2021	1738992	2022-03-28	Scambos, Ted	NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment	Aquadopp 6000m data spanning 14 months (with data gaps) at the Channel site AMIGOS (Automated Meteorology-Ice-Geophysics Observing System) on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Data are reported as the uncalibrated numbers from the sensors delivered through the inductive modem to the AMIGOS system and uplinked via Iridium. The units were installed two meters below each of the Seabird CTD sensors on the mooring line below the AMIGOS-3a Channel ice shelf mooring.	["POLYGON((-105.45 -75.04,-105.44 -75.04,-105.43 -75.04,-105.42 -75.04,-105.41 -75.04,-105.4 -75.04,-105.39 -75.04,-105.38 -75.04,-105.37 -75.04,-105.36 -75.04,-105.35 -75.04,-105.35 -75.042,-105.35 -75.044,-105.35 -75.046,-105.35 -75.048,-105.35 -75.05,-105.35 -75.052,-105.35 -75.054,-105.35 -75.056,-105.35 -75.058,-105.35 -75.06,-105.36 -75.06,-105.37 -75.06,-105.38 -75.06,-105.39 -75.06,-105.4 -75.06,-105.41 -75.06,-105.42 -75.06,-105.43 -75.06,-105.44 -75.06,-105.45 -75.06,-105.45 -75.058,-105.45 -75.056,-105.45 -75.054,-105.45 -75.052,-105.45 -75.05,-105.45 -75.048,-105.45 -75.046,-105.45 -75.044,-105.45 -75.042,-105.45 -75.04))"]	["POINT(-105.4 -75.05)"]	false	false
AMIGOS-IIIc "Channel" Seabird CTD data Jan 2020 - Dec 2021	1738992	2022-03-26	Scambos, Ted	NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment	Seabird MicroCAT SBE37IMP data spanning two years (with data gaps) at the Channel site AMIGOS (Automated Meteorology-Ice-Geophysics Observing System) on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Data are reported as the uncalibrated numbers from the sensors delivered through the inductive modem to the AMIGOS system and uplinked via Iridium. Calibration information and test runs against a retrieved CTD unit are provided.	["POLYGON((-105.43 -75.045,-105.425 -75.045,-105.42 -75.045,-105.415 -75.045,-105.41 -75.045,-105.405 -75.045,-105.4 -75.045,-105.395 -75.045,-105.39 -75.045,-105.385 -75.045,-105.38 -75.045,-105.38 -75.047,-105.38 -75.049,-105.38 -75.051,-105.38 -75.053,-105.38 -75.055,-105.38 -75.057,-105.38 -75.059,-105.38 -75.061,-105.38 -75.063,-105.38 -75.065,-105.385 -75.065,-105.39 -75.065,-105.395 -75.065,-105.4 -75.065,-105.405 -75.065,-105.41 -75.065,-105.415 -75.065,-105.42 -75.065,-105.425 -75.065,-105.43 -75.065,-105.43 -75.063,-105.43 -75.061,-105.43 -75.059,-105.43 -75.057,-105.43 -75.055,-105.43 -75.053,-105.43 -75.051,-105.43 -75.049,-105.43 -75.047,-105.43 -75.045))"]	["POINT(-105.405 -75.055)"]	false	false
AMIGOS-IIIa "Cavity" Seabird CTD data Jan 2020 - Dec 2021	1738992	2022-03-26	Scambos, Ted	NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment	Seabird MicroCAT SBE37IMP data spanning two years (with data gaps) at the Cavity site AMIGOS (Automated Meteorology-Ice-Geophysics Observing System) on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Data are reported as the uncalibrated numbers from the sensors delivered through the inductive modem to the AMIGOS system and uplinked via Iridium. Calibration information and test runs against a retrieved CTD unit are provided.	["POLYGON((-105.6 -75.045,-105.595 -75.045,-105.59 -75.045,-105.585 -75.045,-105.58 -75.045,-105.575 -75.045,-105.57 -75.045,-105.565 -75.045,-105.56 -75.045,-105.555 -75.045,-105.55 -75.045,-105.55 -75.047,-105.55 -75.049,-105.55 -75.051,-105.55 -75.053,-105.55 -75.055,-105.55 -75.057,-105.55 -75.059,-105.55 -75.061,-105.55 -75.063,-105.55 -75.065,-105.555 -75.065,-105.56 -75.065,-105.565 -75.065,-105.57 -75.065,-105.575 -75.065,-105.58 -75.065,-105.585 -75.065,-105.59 -75.065,-105.595 -75.065,-105.6 -75.065,-105.6 -75.063,-105.6 -75.061,-105.6 -75.059,-105.6 -75.057,-105.6 -75.055,-105.6 -75.053,-105.6 -75.051,-105.6 -75.049,-105.6 -75.047,-105.6 -75.045))"]	["POINT(-105.575 -75.055)"]	false	false
Siple Dome Surface Energy Flux	1744954	2022-03-18	Lubin, Dan; Ghiz, Madison	Surface Energy Balance on West Antarctica and the Ross Ice Shelf	This data set comprises radiative and turbulent flux components of the surface energy balance at Siple Dome, West Antarctica, measured between 21 December 2019 and 19 January 2020. Radiative fluxes were measured by Kipp & Zonen pyranometers and pyrgeometers. A Campbell Scientific open path eddy covariance system measured sensible and latent heat fluxes. An Apogee infrared sensor measured surface skin temperature. Sky conditions were observed using an ALCOR System digital all-sky camera. A StellarNet shortwave spectroradiometer system measured downwelling spectral irradiance in the wavelength range 350-1700 nm.	["POINT(-148.81 -81.65)"]	["POINT(-148.81 -81.65)"]	false	false
Firn temperatures 50km upstream of South Pole	1443471	2022-02-22	Stevens, Christopher Max; Lilien, David; Conway, Howard; Koutnik, Michelle; Waddington, Edwin D.; Fudge, T. J.	Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core	These data are 6-hourly measurements of temperature in the upper 40 m of firn at a site 50 km upstream of South Pole (89.54 S, 137.04 E). The measurements span the two years from January 2017 to December 2018.	["POINT(137.04 -89.54)"]	["POINT(137.04 -89.54)"]	false	false
South Pole Ice Core Isotopes of N2 and Ar	1443710	2022-02-03	Morgan, Jacob; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.	Collaborative Research: Inert Gas and Methane Based Climate Records throughout the South Pole Deep Ice Core	We present measurements gas measurements from the South Pole Ice Core, including the isotopic composition of molecular nitrogen (δ15N) and argon (δ40Ar), and the argon-nitrogen ratio (δAr/N2). The measurements were made between approximately 490 and 1310 m depth, which is between 5 and 30 kyr BP on the SP19 Gas Chronology. The measurements allow us to reconstruct the past amounts of gravitational and thermal fractionation in the firn and thus reconstruct past firn thickness and temperature gradient. These reconstructions are also included.	["POINT(0 -90)"]	["POINT(0 -90)"]	false	false
Gridded Values of Conservative Temperature and Absolute Salinity Around Antarctica averaged for the depth range 300 m to min([water depth, 1000]) m	1744789 1744792	2022-02-01	Howard, Susan L.; Little, Chris; Sun, Qiang; Padman, Laurence	No project link provided	This dataset contains NetCDF files of two-dimensional gridded fields of hydrographic properties, Conservative Temperature (CT) and Absolute Salinity (SA), around Antarctica, depth-averaged for the depth range 300 m to min([water depth, 1000]) m from 38 CMIP6 models, the World Ocean Atlas 2018, and our own product developed from the World Ocean Database. These fields are designed to represent the hydrography of deeper water masses on the Antarctic Continental Shelf (ACS), where typical water depths are 400-600 m, and the intermediate-depth water off the continental shelf. The dataset includes a high-resolution polar-stereographic grid (2 x 2 km) of Southern Ocean geometry, including water depth, elevation of the land and ice-sheet surface (including ice shelves), a mask (identifying water, land and grounded ice, and ice shelves), and offshore distance from the continental shelf break. An example MATLAB script for accessing the grids and plotting them is included. The primary purpose of this dataset is to provide simplified 2-D hydrographic fields that can be used to assess the performance of climate models for the ACS, focusing on the depth range that affects most basal melting of Antarctica’s ice shelves.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
South Pole Lake ApRES Radar	1643353 1744649	2022-01-06	Hills, Benjamin	Collaborative Research: Computational Methods Supporting Joint Seismic and Radar Inversion for Ice Fabric and Temperature in Streaming Flow	These are ground-based radar data collected from a subglacial lake ~15 km from the geographic South Pole. Data were collected with the Autonomous phase-sensitive Radio Echo Sounder (ApRES) (Nicholls et al., 2015). The intention of this dataset is to be used for vertical velocity structure and interpretation.	["POLYGON((-179.9989061 -89.752739299,-143.999017884 -89.752739299,-107.999129669 -89.752739299,-71.9992414529 -89.752739299,-35.9993532372 -89.752739299,0.000534978500013 -89.752739299,36.0004231942 -89.752739299,72.0003114099 -89.752739299,108.000199626 -89.752739299,144.000087841 -89.752739299,179.999976057 -89.752739299,179.999976057 -89.7772743702,179.999976057 -89.8018094414,179.999976057 -89.8263445126,179.999976057 -89.8508795838,179.999976057 -89.875414655,179.999976057 -89.8999497262,179.999976057 -89.9244847974,179.999976057 -89.9490198686,179.999976057 -89.9735549398,179.999976057 -89.998090011,144.000087841 -89.998090011,108.000199626 -89.998090011,72.0003114099 -89.998090011,36.0004231942 -89.998090011,0.000534978499985 -89.998090011,-35.9993532372 -89.998090011,-71.9992414529 -89.998090011,-107.999129669 -89.998090011,-143.999017884 -89.998090011,-179.9989061 -89.998090011,-179.9989061 -89.9735549398,-179.9989061 -89.9490198686,-179.9989061 -89.9244847974,-179.9989061 -89.8999497262,-179.9989061 -89.875414655,-179.9989061 -89.8508795838,-179.9989061 -89.8263445126,-179.9989061 -89.8018094414,-179.9989061 -89.7772743702,-179.9989061 -89.752739299))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
South Pole Lake GNSS	1744649 1643353	2022-01-06	Hills, Benjamin	Collaborative Research: Computational Methods Supporting Joint Seismic and Radar Inversion for Ice Fabric and Temperature in Streaming Flow	These are ground-based GNSS data collected from a subglacial lake ~15 km from the geographic South Pole. Data were collected with two separate antenna/receiver systems: 1) Septentrio Altus APS3G antenna/receiver 2) Trimble NetR8 and Trimble Zephyr Geodetic antenna.	["POLYGON((-179.9989061 -89.752739299,-143.999017884 -89.752739299,-107.999129669 -89.752739299,-71.9992414529 -89.752739299,-35.9993532372 -89.752739299,0.000534978500013 -89.752739299,36.0004231942 -89.752739299,72.0003114099 -89.752739299,108.000199626 -89.752739299,144.000087841 -89.752739299,179.999976057 -89.752739299,179.999976057 -89.7772743702,179.999976057 -89.8018094414,179.999976057 -89.8263445126,179.999976057 -89.8508795838,179.999976057 -89.875414655,179.999976057 -89.8999497262,179.999976057 -89.9244847974,179.999976057 -89.9490198686,179.999976057 -89.9735549398,179.999976057 -89.998090011,144.000087841 -89.998090011,108.000199626 -89.998090011,72.0003114099 -89.998090011,36.0004231942 -89.998090011,0.000534978499985 -89.998090011,-35.9993532372 -89.998090011,-71.9992414529 -89.998090011,-107.999129669 -89.998090011,-143.999017884 -89.998090011,-179.9989061 -89.998090011,-179.9989061 -89.9735549398,-179.9989061 -89.9490198686,-179.9989061 -89.9244847974,-179.9989061 -89.8999497262,-179.9989061 -89.875414655,-179.9989061 -89.8508795838,-179.9989061 -89.8263445126,-179.9989061 -89.8018094414,-179.9989061 -89.7772743702,-179.9989061 -89.752739299))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Dataset for Tidal modulation of ice streams: Effect of periodic sliding velocity on ice friction and healing	1245871	2021-12-23	McCarthy, Christine M.; Skarbek, Rob; Savage, Heather	Laboratory Study of Ice Deformation under Tidal Loading Conditions with Application to Antarctic Glaciers	This data set contains text files for the experimental logs of ice-on-rock friction experiments that were conducted in a double direct shear apparatus at temperatures of -16.4 C to -2 C. There are eleven files (C28-C34, C39-C41, and C44). Each file contains 4 columns of data that correspond to time (s), vertical displacement (microns), friction, and velocity. The data were prepared by converting voltages from experimental feedbacks, to appropriate units using calibrations, as conducted separate. Miscellaneous loading and unloading data were removed and the data was filtered modestly (100 point moving average filter in matlab). The data set includes all information needed to plot friction or velocity vs. time or displacement from the beginning to end of the run.	[]	[]	false	false
Temperature profiles at five fishing locations on the West Antarctic Peninsula during austral fall 2018.	1947040	2021-12-16	Desvignes, Thomas	EAGER: Origin and Physiological Consequences of a Neoplasm Outbreak in Antarctic Fish	Temperature profiles at five fishing locations on the West Antarctic Peninsula during austral fall 2018. All profiles were recorded using a DST centi-TD Miniature Temperature and Depth Data Logger (Star-Oddi, Garðabær, Iceland) mounted on one of the two otters of the fishing net, thus continuously recording temperature while going down, at the bottom, and while ascending the water column. The two temperature profiles in the Gerlache Strait were recorded using XBT probes (Expendable Bathythermograph) Sippican Deep Blue 760-M and thus show unidirectional temperature profiles.	["POLYGON((-65.3 -63.3,-65 -63.3,-64.7 -63.3,-64.4 -63.3,-64.1 -63.3,-63.8 -63.3,-63.5 -63.3,-63.2 -63.3,-62.9 -63.3,-62.6 -63.3,-62.3 -63.3,-62.3 -63.47,-62.3 -63.64,-62.3 -63.81,-62.3 -63.98,-62.3 -64.15,-62.3 -64.32,-62.3 -64.49,-62.3 -64.66,-62.3 -64.83,-62.3 -65,-62.6 -65,-62.9 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.5 -65,-63.8 -65,-64.1 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.7 -65,-65 -65,-65.3 -65,-65.3 -64.83,-65.3 -64.66,-65.3 -64.49,-65.3 -64.32,-65.3 -64.15,-65.3 -63.98,-65.3 -63.81,-65.3 -63.64,-65.3 -63.47,-65.3 -63.3))"]	["POINT(-63.8 -64.15)"]	false	false
LMG13-11 JKC-1 Paleoceanographic data	0732625 1433140	2021-11-15	Shevenell, Amelia	Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans	This data set contains an age vs depth model and measurements of magnetic susceptibility, benthic foraminifera Bulimina aculeata d18O and d13C, bulk sediment GDGT data, and diatom assemblage data from USAP LMG13-11 JKC-1 sediment core (0-100 cm) archived at the Oregon State University ACC repository. All stable isotope and GDGT measurements were made at the University of South Florida College of Marine Science. Diatom assemblages were counted at Colgate University. The data set includes all replicate measurements. Details of the entire data set and all relevant methods are provided in Browne et al (submitted, 2021)	["POLYGON((-69 -58,-67.7 -58,-66.4 -58,-65.1 -58,-63.8 -58,-62.5 -58,-61.2 -58,-59.9 -58,-58.6 -58,-57.3 -58,-56 -58,-56 -59,-56 -60,-56 -61,-56 -62,-56 -63,-56 -64,-56 -65,-56 -66,-56 -67,-56 -68,-57.3 -68,-58.6 -68,-59.9 -68,-61.2 -68,-62.5 -68,-63.8 -68,-65.1 -68,-66.4 -68,-67.7 -68,-69 -68,-69 -67,-69 -66,-69 -65,-69 -64,-69 -63,-69 -62,-69 -61,-69 -60,-69 -59,-69 -58))"]	["POINT(-62.5 -63)"]	false	false
Rate-state friction parameters for ice-on-rock oscillation experiments	1245871	2021-07-30	Skarbek, Rob; McCarthy, Christine M.; Savage, Heather	Laboratory Study of Ice Deformation under Tidal Loading Conditions with Application to Antarctic Glaciers	This data set contains rate and state frictional parameters for ice-on-rock friction experiments that were conducted in a double direct shear apparatus as temperatures of -16.4 C to -2 C. The frictional parameters were deteremined by directly fitting the frictional response to controlled, harmonic oscillations in load point velocity. The data set includes all information needed to reproduce the fits, as well as tables of the frictional parameters for both the aging and slip law forms of frictional state evolution.	[]	[]	false	false
Ross Island area DJF salinity and temperature records 1956-57 through 2019-20	1644159	2021-06-25	Jacobs, Stanley; Giulivi, Claudia F.	West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions	Salinity and temperature at 50 & 100 m intervals from profiles near Ross Island, Antarctica in 1936 and from 1956-57 through 2019-2020.	["POLYGON((165 -76.5,165.6 -76.5,166.2 -76.5,166.8 -76.5,167.4 -76.5,168 -76.5,168.6 -76.5,169.2 -76.5,169.8 -76.5,170.4 -76.5,171 -76.5,171 -76.65,171 -76.8,171 -76.95,171 -77.1,171 -77.25,171 -77.4,171 -77.55,171 -77.7,171 -77.85,171 -78,170.4 -78,169.8 -78,169.2 -78,168.6 -78,168 -78,167.4 -78,166.8 -78,166.2 -78,165.6 -78,165 -78,165 -77.85,165 -77.7,165 -77.55,165 -77.4,165 -77.25,165 -77.1,165 -76.95,165 -76.8,165 -76.65,165 -76.5))"]	["POINT(168 -77.25)"]	false	false
Antarctic passive microwave Kmeans derived surface melt days, 1979-2020	1543432	2021-06-22	Johnson, Andrew; Hock, Regine; Fahnestock, Mark	Collaborative Research: Present and Projected Future Forcings on Antarctic Peninsula Glaciers and Ice Shelves using the Weather Forecasting and Research (WRF) Model	This dataset contains the total number of days per year with meltwater present at the surface across the Antarctic ice sheet and surrounding ice shelves derived from passive microwave satellite observations for each melt year from 1979/80 to 2019/20. This data comes from daily and near-daily SMMR, SSM/I, and SSMIS results at 25 km resolution at 19 GHz horizontal polarization. Each melt year starts on July 1 and ends June 30. The melt detection algorithm is described in Johnson and others (2020) and uses KMeans clustering analysis of the annual brightness temperature time series on each pixel to detect melt for that pixel and year.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Precipitation Observations for the Northwest Ross Ice Shelf - 2017-12 to 2019-11	1543377 1543325	2021-05-04	Seefeldt, Mark	Collaborative Research: Implementing Low-power, Autonomous Observing Systems to Improve the Measurement and Understanding of Antarctic Precipitation	The dataset includes precipitation and associated observations at four sites across the northwest Ross Ice Shelf from December 2017 to November 2019. The general instruments at each site include precipitation gauge - installed inside a wind shield, anemometer, thermometer, sonic ranging sensor, optical particle detector, laser disdrometer, shortwave and longwave radiation sensors, and a field camera. The observations from each site include: precipitation (liquid water equivalent), temperature, wind speed, snow surface height, particle count, particle size and speed, upward/downward longwave radiation, upward/downward shortwave radiation, still image photos, and 5-second movies. The data are in comma-delimited text files, jpg photos, and mp4 movies. png plots of the quality-controlled observations are included for quick views of the data.	["POLYGON((166.918 -77.877,167.2997 -77.877,167.6814 -77.877,168.0631 -77.877,168.4448 -77.877,168.8265 -77.877,169.2082 -77.877,169.5899 -77.877,169.9716 -77.877,170.3533 -77.877,170.735 -77.877,170.735 -77.99,170.735 -78.103,170.735 -78.216,170.735 -78.329,170.735 -78.442,170.735 -78.555,170.735 -78.668,170.735 -78.781,170.735 -78.894,170.735 -79.007,170.3533 -79.007,169.9716 -79.007,169.5899 -79.007,169.2082 -79.007,168.8265 -79.007,168.4448 -79.007,168.0631 -79.007,167.6814 -79.007,167.2997 -79.007,166.918 -79.007,166.918 -78.894,166.918 -78.781,166.918 -78.668,166.918 -78.555,166.918 -78.442,166.918 -78.329,166.918 -78.216,166.918 -78.103,166.918 -77.99,166.918 -77.877))"]	["POINT(168.8265 -78.442)"]	false	false
NBP1704 CTD sensor data	1341606	2021-01-12	Stammerjohn, Sharon	Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica	Ocean profile data from a SeaBird SBE 911plus CTD package deployed on the NBP1704 PIPERS cruise in the Ross Sea (Apr 11 to Jun 10, 2017).	["POLYGON((-180 -59.9,-179.53 -59.9,-179.06 -59.9,-178.59 -59.9,-178.12 -59.9,-177.65 -59.9,-177.18 -59.9,-176.71 -59.9,-176.24 -59.9,-175.77 -59.9,-175.3 -59.9,-175.3 -61.68,-175.3 -63.46,-175.3 -65.24,-175.3 -67.02,-175.3 -68.8,-175.3 -70.58,-175.3 -72.36,-175.3 -74.14,-175.3 -75.92,-175.3 -77.7,-175.77 -77.7,-176.24 -77.7,-176.71 -77.7,-177.18 -77.7,-177.65 -77.7,-178.12 -77.7,-178.59 -77.7,-179.06 -77.7,-179.53 -77.7,180 -77.7,178.36 -77.7,176.72 -77.7,175.08 -77.7,173.44 -77.7,171.8 -77.7,170.16 -77.7,168.52 -77.7,166.88 -77.7,165.24 -77.7,163.6 -77.7,163.6 -75.92,163.6 -74.14,163.6 -72.36,163.6 -70.58,163.6 -68.8,163.6 -67.02,163.6 -65.24,163.6 -63.46,163.6 -61.68,163.6 -59.9,165.24 -59.9,166.88 -59.9,168.52 -59.9,170.16 -59.9,171.8 -59.9,173.44 -59.9,175.08 -59.9,176.72 -59.9,178.36 -59.9,-180 -59.9))"]	["POINT(174.15 -68.8)"]	false	false
High-resolution nearshore benthic seawater temperature from around McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)	1644196	2021-01-03	Cziko, Paul	Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	Nearshore benthic seawater temperature (plus pressure and salinity for some sites) in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica for 2017-2019. Data includes those from standalone temperature (sometimes pressure) for several sites around McMurdo Sound as well as data from the cabled McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory moored conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor at the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty. Data are from high precision SeaBird sensors (SBE56, SBE39, SBE19Plus and SBE37), with sample intervals from 90 sec to 15 min, depending on site. Sampled sites include Explorer's Cove at New Harbor, Cape Evans, Granite Harbor, and the McMurdo Station jetty. All sensors were deployed near or on the benthos at 20-25 m deep, in typical nearshore benthic fish and invertebrate habitat.	["POLYGON((162.647931 -77.000624,163.049652 -77.000624,163.451373 -77.000624,163.853094 -77.000624,164.254815 -77.000624,164.656536 -77.000624,165.058257 -77.000624,165.459978 -77.000624,165.861699 -77.000624,166.26342 -77.000624,166.665141 -77.000624,166.665141 -77.0856883,166.665141 -77.1707526,166.665141 -77.2558169,166.665141 -77.3408812,166.665141 -77.4259455,166.665141 -77.5110098,166.665141 -77.5960741,166.665141 -77.6811384,166.665141 -77.7662027,166.665141 -77.851267,166.26342 -77.851267,165.861699 -77.851267,165.459978 -77.851267,165.058257 -77.851267,164.656536 -77.851267,164.254815 -77.851267,163.853094 -77.851267,163.451373 -77.851267,163.049652 -77.851267,162.647931 -77.851267,162.647931 -77.7662027,162.647931 -77.6811384,162.647931 -77.5960741,162.647931 -77.5110098,162.647931 -77.4259455,162.647931 -77.3408812,162.647931 -77.2558169,162.647931 -77.1707526,162.647931 -77.0856883,162.647931 -77.000624))"]	["POINT(164.656536 -77.4259455)"]	false	false
Mean Ocean Temperature in Marine Isotope Stage 4	1246148 1245821 1245659	2020-12-28	Shackleton, Sarah	Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive	Inert gas measurements on a large diameter (0.24m), shallow (20m) ice core from Taylor Glacier for mean ocean temperature reconstruction from 60 - 74 ka. Four samples were also measured on the WAIS Divide ice core to validate Taylor Glacier reconstruction.	[]	[]	false	false
Thermal sensitivity of membrane fluidity and integrity in hearts of Antarctic fishes that vary in expression of hemoglobin and myoglobin	1341602 1341663	2020-12-24	O'Brien, Kristin; Evans, Elizabeth; Farnoud, Amir; Crockett, Elizabeth	Collaborative Research: The Physiological and Biochemical Underpinnings of Thermal Tolerance in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	Antarctic notothenioids are noted for extreme stenothermy, yet underpinnings of their thermal limits are not fully understood. We hypothesized that properties of ventricular membranes could explain previously observed differences among notothenioids in temperature onset of cardiac arrhythmias and persistent asystole. Microsomes were prepared using ventricles from six species of notothenioids, including four species from the hemoglobin-less (Hb-) family Channichthyidae (icefishes), which also differentially express cardiac myoglobin (Mb), and two species from the (Hb+) Nototheniidae. We determined membrane fluidity and structural integrity by quantifying fluorescence depolarization of 1,6-diphenyl-1,3,5-hexatriene (DPH) and leakage of 5(6)-carboxyfluorescein, respectively, over a temperature range from ambient (0 °C) to 20 °C. Compositions of membrane phospholipids and cholesterol contents were also quantified. Membranes from all four species of icefishes exhibited greater fluidity than membranes from the red-blooded species N. coriiceps. Thermal sensitivity of fluidity did not vary among species. The greatest thermal sensitivity to leakage occurred between 0 and 5 °C for all species, while membranes from the icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus (Hb-/Mb-) displayed leakage that was nearly 1.5-fold greater than leakage in N. coriiceps (Hb+/Mb+). Contents of phosphatidylethanolamine (PE) were approximately 1.5-fold greater in icefishes than in red-blooded fishes, and phospholipids had a higher degree of unsaturation in icefishes than in Hb + notothenioids. Cholesterol contents were lowest in Champsocephalus gunnari (Hb-/Mb-) and highest in the two Hb+/Mb + species, G. gibberifrons and N. coriiceps. Our results reveal marked differences in membrane properties and indicate a breach in membrane fluidity and structural integrity at a lower temperature in icefishes than in red-blooded notothenioids.	[]	[]	false	false
Red and Green Snow Algae Surface Spectra	None	2020-12-21	Khan, Alia	No project link provided	Surface spectra of red and green snow algae were collected at two sites on King George Island (KGI), the largest of the South Shetland Islands, and one site on northern Nelson Island (NI), southwest of KGI in January 2018. Optically thick (> 30cm) snow packs were prioritized for spectral albedo data acquisition and corresponding snow algae sampling in order to minimize the impact of the underlying ground on spectral albedo. Sites were also selected based on where it was possible to sample 1) a control site with relatively clean snow having no visible snow algae 2) green snow algae, 3) red snow algae and 4) mixed-phase green and red algae. At each site, duplicates of each snow type were measured with the spectrometer (except at Nelson Island where only one Mixed site was observed). All samples were collected around noon local Chilean time, when the seasonal snow pack was also receiving the most incoming solar radiation. Spectral reflectance measurements were collected with an Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) FieldSpec® 4 hyperspectral spectroradiometer (Malvern Panalytical, USA) between 350 and 2500 nm. The sensor was equipped with a light-diffusing fore optic remote cosine receptor (RCR) to measure planar irradiance. We selected three different locations and collected spectral measurements for two samples each of green, red, and mixed snow algae patches, and two algae-free or “clean” snow areas, for a total of 24 measurement sites (2 of each of the 4 types across the 3 sites). Areas with snowmelt ponding were avoided. The RCR was placed upward to collect the downwelling planar irradiance incident upon the snow surface (Ed) and the upwelling planar irradiance reflected from the snow (Eu). Measurements were collected in triplicate. The operator was located in a direction 90 - 135º away from the sun to minimize solar glint and self-shadowing. Snow conditions did not allow for a tripod, so nadir orientation was determined by practice with a level and by visual assistance of an observer. Since the measurements were carried out under heavily overcast conditions where irradiance is dominated by the diffuse insolation with no solar azimuthal dependence, the influence of slight tilt when measuring the downwelling irradiance (i.e. the cosine error) is expected to be minor (<0.5%). The reflectance measurements were taken prior to excavation of snow sample for laboratory analysis. Post-processing of the data involved computing spectral reflectance, as the ratio of the upwelling flux normalized to the downwelling flux for each wavelength. The mean of the three measurements was calculated for each site. Ambient light conditions were too low in the short-wave infrared wavelengths for getting adequate signal-to-noise for our measurements. In post-processing, reflectance values were truncated at 1350 nm for this analysis. This value represents the limit often used for RF calculations in other studies. In addition, empirical correction coefficients were used to correct for temperature related radiometric inter-channel steps using the procedure and MATLAB code from Hueni et al. (2017). This removed the step function near 1000 nm for most of the spectra, although not fully for all spectra. However, this discontinuity does not significantly impact results or albedo calculations. Albedo was calculated as the integrated R in two different intervals: visible (400-700 nm) and infrared (700-1300 nm).	["POINT(-58 -62)"]	["POINT(-58 -62)"]	false	false
Cardiac metabolism in Antarctic fishes in response to an acute increase in temperature	1341663	2020-12-18	O'Brien, Kristin	Collaborative Research: The Physiological and Biochemical Underpinnings of Thermal Tolerance in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	Studies in temperate fishes provide evidence that cardiac mitochondrial function and the capacity to fuel cardiac work contribute to thermal tolerance. Here, we tested the hypothesis that decreased cardiac aerobic metabolic capacity contributes to the lower thermal tolerance of the haemoglobinless Antarctic icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus, compared with that of the red-blooded Antarctic species, Notothenia coriiceps. Maximal activities of citrate synthase (CS) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), respiration rates of isolated mitochondria, adenylate levels and changes in mitochondrial protein expression were quantified from hearts of animals held at ambient temperature or exposed to their critical thermal maximum (CTmax). Compared with C. aceratus, activity of CS, ATP concentration and energy charge were higher in hearts of N. coriiceps at ambient temperature and CTmax While state 3 mitochondrial respiration rates were not impaired by exposure to CTmax in either species, state 4 rates, indicative of proton leakage, increased following exposure to CTmax in C. aceratus but not N. coriiceps The interactive effect of temperature and species resulted in an increase in antioxidants and aerobic metabolic enzymes in N. coriiceps but not in C. aceratus Together, our results support the hypothesis that the lower aerobic metabolic capacity of C. aceratus hearts contributes to its low thermal tolerance.	[]	[]	false	false
Acclimation of cardiovascular function in Notothenia coriiceps	1341663	2020-12-18	Joyce, William; Egginton, Stuart; Farrell, Anthony; Axelsson, Michael; Crockett, Elizabeth; O'Brien, Kristin	Collaborative Research: The Physiological and Biochemical Underpinnings of Thermal Tolerance in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	The Southern Ocean has experienced stable, cold temperatures for over 10 million years, yet particular regions are currently undergoing rapid warming. To investigate the impacts of warming on cardiovascular oxygen transport, we compared the cardio-respiratory performance in an Antarctic notothenioid (Notothenia coriiceps) that was maintained at 0 or 5°C for 6.0-9.5 weeks. When compared at the fish's respective acclimation temperature, the oxygen consumption rate and cardiac output were significantly higher in 5°C-acclimated than 0°C-acclimated fish. The 2.7-fold elevation in cardiac output in 5°C-acclimated fish (17.4 vs. 6.5 ml min-1 kg-1) was predominantly due to a doubling of stroke volume, likely in response to increased cardiac preload, as measured by higher central venous pressure (0.15 vs. 0.08 kPa); tachycardia was minor (29.5 vs. 25.2 beats min-1). When fish were acutely warmed, oxygen consumption rate increased by similar amounts in 0°C- and 5°C-acclimated fish at equivalent test temperatures. In both acclimation groups, the increases in oxygen consumption rate during acute heating were supported by increased cardiac output achieved by elevating heart rate, while stroke volume changed relatively little. Cardiac output was similar between both acclimation groups until 12°C when cardiac output became significantly higher in 5°C-acclimated fish, driven largely by their higher stroke volume. Although cardiac arrhythmias developed at a similar temperature (~14.5°C) in both acclimation groups, the hearts of 5°C-acclimated fish continued to pump until significantly higher temperatures (CTmax for cardiac function 17.7 vs. 15.0°C for 0°C-acclimated fish). These results demonstrate that N. coriiceps is capable of increasing routine cardiac output during both acute and chronic warming, although the mechanisms are different (heart rate-dependent versus primarily stroke volume-dependent regulation, respectively). Cardiac performance was enhanced at higher temperatures following 5°C acclimation, suggesting cardiovascular function may not constrain the capacity of N. coriiceps to withstand a warming climate.	[]	[]	false	false
Effects of acute warming on cardiovascular performance of Antarctic fishes	1341663 1341602	2020-12-18	Joyce, William; Farrell, Anthony; Axelsson, Michael; Egginton, Stuart; Crockett, Elizabeth; O'Brien, Kristin	Collaborative Research: The Physiological and Biochemical Underpinnings of Thermal Tolerance in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	We tested the hypothesis that blackfin icefish (Chaenocephalus aceratus), one of the six species in the family Channichthyidae (the icefishes) that do not express haemoglobin and myoglobin, lack regulatory cardiovascular flexibility during acute warming and activity. The experimental protocols were designed to optimize the surgical protocol and minimize stress. First, minimally invasive heart rate (fH) measurements were made during a thermal ramp until cardiac failure in C. aceratus and compared with those from the closely related red-blooded black rockcod (Notothenia coriiceps). Then, integrative cardiovascular adjustments were more extensively studied using flow probes and intravascular catheters in C. aceratus during acute warming (from 0 to 8°C) at rest and after imposed activity. Chaenocephalus aceratus had a lower routine fH than N. coriiceps (9 beats min-1 versus 14 beats min-1) and a lower peak fH during acute warming (38 beats min-1 versus 55 beats min-1) with a similar cardiac breakpoint temperature (13 and 14°C, respectively). Routine cardiac output (Q̇) for C. aceratus at ∼0°C was much lower (26.6 ml min-1 kg-1) than previously reported, probably because fish in the present study had a low fH (12 beats min-1) indicative of a high routine vagal tone and low stress. Chaenocephalus aceratus increased oxygen consumption during acute warming and with activity. Correspondingly, Q̇ increased considerably (maximally 86.3 ml min-1 kg-1), as did vascular conductance (5-fold). Thus, unlike earlier suggestions, these data provide convincing evidence that icefish can mount a well-developed cardiovascular regulation of heart rate, cardiac output and vascular conductance, and this regulatory capacity provides flexibility during acute warming.	[]	[]	false	false
Temperature, accumulation rate, and layer thinning from the South Pole ice core (SPC14)	1443105	2020-10-28	Kahle, Emma; Steig, Eric J.; Jones, Tyler R.; Fudge, T. J.; Koutnik, Michelle; Morris, Valerie; Vaughn, Bruce; Schauer, Andrew; Stevens, Max; Conway, Howard; Waddington, Edwin D.; Buizert, Christo; Epifanio, Jenna; White, James	Collaborative Research: A 1500m Ice Core from South Pole Collaborative Research: Record of the Triple-oxygen Isotope and Hydrogen Isotope Composition of Ice from an Ice Core at South Pole	This data set provides the input and output data used in Kahle et al. 2020 to reconstruct climate variables at the South Pole. The files below include high resolution water isotopes, water isotope diffusion length, and various reconstructions of temperature, accumulation rate, and thinning function for the SPC14 ice core. An inverse approach was used to combine information from water isotope diffusion length, Dage, and annual-layer thickness to solve for temperature, accumulation rate, and thinning function. Corrections were applied to account for the advection of ice from upstream to yield estimates for the South Pole site. Updated data for Hires_Water_Isotopes_halfcm.txt is available at www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601429.	["POINT(180 -90)"]	["POINT(180 -90)"]	false	false
Ice Diver Madison Run #1 March 1, 2020	1745049	2020-08-03	Tyler, Scott W.	Collaborative Research: Toward Dense Observation of Geothermal Fluxes in Antarctica Via Logistically Light Instrument Deployment	This dataset consists of individual Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) traces taken during the first melt test of the Ice Diver drill. The data consists of header information about the instrument, time of sampling and follows with distance down the fiber, Stokes return, anti-Stokes return and estimated temperature in C. Each file represents a 30 second integration of return signals, and the spatial sampling of the fiber was 12.5 cm. Two channels are included and represent data from two individual multimode fibers within a stainless steel tube cable.	["POLYGON((-180 43.0731,-153.05989 43.0731,-126.11978 43.0731,-99.17967 43.0731,-72.23956 43.0731,-45.29945 43.0731,-18.35934 43.0731,8.58077 43.0731,35.52088 43.0731,62.46099 43.0731,89.4011 43.0731,89.4011 43.07309,89.4011 43.07308,89.4011 43.07307,89.4011 43.07306,89.4011 43.07305,89.4011 43.07304,89.4011 43.07303,89.4011 43.07302,89.4011 43.07301,89.4011 43.073,62.46099 43.073,35.52088 43.073,8.58077 43.073,-18.35934 43.073,-45.29945 43.073,-72.23956 43.073,-99.17967 43.073,-126.11978 43.073,-153.05989 43.073,180 43.073,170.94012 43.073,161.88024 43.073,152.82036 43.073,143.76048 43.073,134.7006 43.073,125.64072 43.073,116.58084 43.073,107.52096 43.073,98.46108 43.073,89.4012 43.073,89.4012 43.07301,89.4012 43.07302,89.4012 43.07303,89.4012 43.07304,89.4012 43.07305,89.4012 43.07306,89.4012 43.07307,89.4012 43.07308,89.4012 43.07309,89.4012 43.0731,98.46108 43.0731,107.52096 43.0731,116.58084 43.0731,125.64072 43.0731,134.7006 43.0731,143.76048 43.0731,152.82036 43.0731,161.88024 43.0731,170.94012 43.0731,-180 43.0731))"]	["POINT(-90.59885 43.07305)"]	false	false
NBP0505 CTD data	0338137	2020-07-17	Wellner, Julia; Anderson, John	Collaborative Research: Controls on Sediment Yields from Tidewater Glaciers from Patagonia to Antarctica	Raw CTD data from expedition NBP0505 collected with the Aanderaa and Seacat CTD systems	["POLYGON((-76 -45.5,-75.2 -45.5,-74.4 -45.5,-73.6 -45.5,-72.8 -45.5,-72 -45.5,-71.2 -45.5,-70.4 -45.5,-69.6 -45.5,-68.8 -45.5,-68 -45.5,-68 -46.43,-68 -47.36,-68 -48.29,-68 -49.22,-68 -50.15,-68 -51.08,-68 -52.01,-68 -52.94,-68 -53.87,-68 -54.8,-68.8 -54.8,-69.6 -54.8,-70.4 -54.8,-71.2 -54.8,-72 -54.8,-72.8 -54.8,-73.6 -54.8,-74.4 -54.8,-75.2 -54.8,-76 -54.8,-76 -53.87,-76 -52.94,-76 -52.01,-76 -51.08,-76 -50.15,-76 -49.22,-76 -48.29,-76 -47.36,-76 -46.43,-76 -45.5))"]	["POINT(-72 -50.15)"]	false	false
Processed Current Measurement, Pressure and Temperature Data from the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge Spreading acquired during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508 (2015)	1235094	2020-07-02	Thurnherr, Andreas	Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons	This data set was acquired with a Nortek Aquadopp Current Meter during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508 conducted in 2015 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Louis St.Laurent, Investigator: Dr. Andreas Thurnherr). These data files are of NetCDF format and include Current Measurement, Pressure and Temperature data that were processed after acquisition. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons. Funding was provided by NSF award(s): OCE12-35094.	["POINT(-14.5787 -21.1215)"]	["POINT(-14.5787 -21.1215)"]	false	false
Processed Current Measurement, Pressure, Salinity and Temperature Data from the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge Spreading acquired during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508	1235094	2020-07-02	Thurnherr, Andreas	Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons	This data set was acquired with a McLane Research Laboratories and Inc. MMP Mooring Profiler during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508 conducted in 2015 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Louis St.Laurent, Investigator: Dr. Andreas Thurnherr). These data files are of NetCDF format and include Current Measurement, Pressure, Salinity and Temperature data that were processed after acquisition. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons. Funding was provided by NSF award(s): OCE12-35094.	["POLYGON((-14.5787 -20.9223,-14.49208 -20.9223,-14.40546 -20.9223,-14.31884 -20.9223,-14.23222 -20.9223,-14.1456 -20.9223,-14.05898 -20.9223,-13.97236 -20.9223,-13.88574 -20.9223,-13.79912 -20.9223,-13.7125 -20.9223,-13.7125 -20.94222,-13.7125 -20.96214,-13.7125 -20.98206,-13.7125 -21.00198,-13.7125 -21.0219,-13.7125 -21.04182,-13.7125 -21.06174,-13.7125 -21.08166,-13.7125 -21.10158,-13.7125 -21.1215,-13.79912 -21.1215,-13.88574 -21.1215,-13.97236 -21.1215,-14.05898 -21.1215,-14.1456 -21.1215,-14.23222 -21.1215,-14.31884 -21.1215,-14.40546 -21.1215,-14.49208 -21.1215,-14.5787 -21.1215,-14.5787 -21.10158,-14.5787 -21.08166,-14.5787 -21.06174,-14.5787 -21.04182,-14.5787 -21.0219,-14.5787 -21.00198,-14.5787 -20.98206,-14.5787 -20.96214,-14.5787 -20.94222,-14.5787 -20.9223))"]	["POINT(-14.1456 -21.0219)"]	false	false
Processed ADCP Sonar and CTD Data from the Maud Rise acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0506	0337159	2020-06-25	McPhee, Miles G.	Collaborative Research: The Maud Rise Nonlinear Equation of State Study (MaudNESS)	This data set was acquired with a ADCP Sonar and CTD during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0506 conducted in 2005 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Miles McPhee). These data files are of MATLAB format and include Turbulence, Salinity, and Temperature data that have not been processed. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Maud rise Non-linear Equation of State Study, and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT03-37159.	["POLYGON((-2 -62,-1 -62,0 -62,1 -62,2 -62,3 -62,4 -62,5 -62,6 -62,7 -62,8 -62,8 -62.42,8 -62.84,8 -63.26,8 -63.68,8 -64.1,8 -64.52,8 -64.94,8 -65.36,8 -65.78,8 -66.2,7 -66.2,6 -66.2,5 -66.2,4 -66.2,3 -66.2,2 -66.2,1 -66.2,0 -66.2,-1 -66.2,-2 -66.2,-2 -65.78,-2 -65.36,-2 -64.94,-2 -64.52,-2 -64.1,-2 -63.68,-2 -63.26,-2 -62.84,-2 -62.42,-2 -62))"]	["POINT(3 -64.1)"]	false	false
Processed CurrentMeter Data from the Adare Basin near Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1101	0538148 0839039	2020-06-25	Huber, Bruce; Gordon, Arnold	Collaborate Research:Modified Circumpolar Deep Water Intrusions as an Iron Source to the Summer Ross Sea Ecosystem Cape Adare Long-term Mooring (CALM)	This data set was acquired with a CurrentMeter during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1101 conducted in 2011 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Josh Kohut; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Temperature, Current Measurement, and Salinity data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Ross Sea Expedition, and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT08-39039.	["POLYGON((172 -71,172.1 -71,172.2 -71,172.3 -71,172.4 -71,172.5 -71,172.6 -71,172.7 -71,172.8 -71,172.9 -71,173 -71,173 -71.1,173 -71.2,173 -71.3,173 -71.4,173 -71.5,173 -71.6,173 -71.7,173 -71.8,173 -71.9,173 -72,172.9 -72,172.8 -72,172.7 -72,172.6 -72,172.5 -72,172.4 -72,172.3 -72,172.2 -72,172.1 -72,172 -72,172 -71.9,172 -71.8,172 -71.7,172 -71.6,172 -71.5,172 -71.4,172 -71.3,172 -71.2,172 -71.1,172 -71))"]	["POINT(172.5 -71.5)"]	false	false
Processed CurrentMeter Data from the Ross Sea near Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0801	0542456 0538148	2020-06-25	Huber, Bruce; Gordon, Arnold	Collaborative Research: Do Crustacean Zooplankton Play a Pivotal Role in Structuring Heterotrophic Plankton Communities in the Ross Sea? Cape Adare Long-term Mooring (CALM)	This data set was acquired with a CurrentMeter during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0801 conducted in 2008 (Chief Scientist: Dr. David Caron; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement, Salinity, and Temperature data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Cape Adare Long-term Mooring (CALM) and Collaborative Research:Do crustacean zooplankton play a pivotal role in structuring heterotrophic plankton communities., and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT05-38148 and ANT05-42456.	["POLYGON((169 -70.5,169.4 -70.5,169.8 -70.5,170.2 -70.5,170.6 -70.5,171 -70.5,171.4 -70.5,171.8 -70.5,172.2 -70.5,172.6 -70.5,173 -70.5,173 -70.65,173 -70.8,173 -70.95,173 -71.1,173 -71.25,173 -71.4,173 -71.55,173 -71.7,173 -71.85,173 -72,172.6 -72,172.2 -72,171.8 -72,171.4 -72,171 -72,170.6 -72,170.2 -72,169.8 -72,169.4 -72,169 -72,169 -71.85,169 -71.7,169 -71.55,169 -71.4,169 -71.25,169 -71.1,169 -70.95,169 -70.8,169 -70.65,169 -70.5))"]	["POINT(171 -71.25)"]	false	false
Processed CTD Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf in Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001	0732467 0732651	2020-06-25	Huber, Bruce; Gordon, Arnold	Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine and Quaternary Geosciences	This data set was acquired with a Sea-Bird SBE 9Plus CTD during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001 conducted in 2010 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Eugene Domack; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Temperature, Current Measurement, and Salinity data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the LARsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA), and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT07-32467.	["POLYGON((-68 -60,-66.7 -60,-65.4 -60,-64.1 -60,-62.8 -60,-61.5 -60,-60.2 -60,-58.9 -60,-57.6 -60,-56.3 -60,-55 -60,-55 -60.6,-55 -61.2,-55 -61.8,-55 -62.4,-55 -63,-55 -63.6,-55 -64.2,-55 -64.8,-55 -65.4,-55 -66,-56.3 -66,-57.6 -66,-58.9 -66,-60.2 -66,-61.5 -66,-62.8 -66,-64.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-66.7 -66,-68 -66,-68 -65.4,-68 -64.8,-68 -64.2,-68 -63.6,-68 -63,-68 -62.4,-68 -61.8,-68 -61.2,-68 -60.6,-68 -60))"]	["POINT(-61.5 -63)"]	false	false
Processed CTD Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf near Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203	1141890 0732651	2020-06-25	Huber, Bruce; Gordon, Arnold	Cape Adare Long Term Moorings (CALM): Analysis Phase Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans	This data set was acquired with a Sea-Bird SBE 9Plus CTD during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203 conducted in 2012 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Maria Vernet; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement, Salinity, and Temperature data and were processed after data collection. Funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT11-41890.	["POLYGON((-63 -60,-62.2 -60,-61.4 -60,-60.6 -60,-59.8 -60,-59 -60,-58.2 -60,-57.4 -60,-56.6 -60,-55.8 -60,-55 -60,-55 -60.5,-55 -61,-55 -61.5,-55 -62,-55 -62.5,-55 -63,-55 -63.5,-55 -64,-55 -64.5,-55 -65,-55.8 -65,-56.6 -65,-57.4 -65,-58.2 -65,-59 -65,-59.8 -65,-60.6 -65,-61.4 -65,-62.2 -65,-63 -65,-63 -64.5,-63 -64,-63 -63.5,-63 -63,-63 -62.5,-63 -62,-63 -61.5,-63 -61,-63 -60.5,-63 -60))"]	["POINT(-59 -62.5)"]	false	false
Processed Temperature, Salinity, and Current Measurement Data from the Amundsen Sea acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0901	0632282	2020-06-25	Huber, Bruce; Jacobs, Stanley	Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise - IPY/ASEP	This data set was derived from data acquired during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0901 conducted in 2009 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Stan Jacobs; Investigator(s): Dr. Stan Jacobs and Dr. Bruce Huber). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement, Salinity, and Temperature data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise, Shedding dynamic light on iron limitation: The interplay of iron limitation and dynamic irradiance conditions in governing the phytoplankton distribution in the Ross Sea, and Collaborative Research: Sampling the ocean - sea ice interaction in the Pacific center of the Antarctic Dipole, and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): OPP06-32282.	["POLYGON((-130 -64,-126.5 -64,-123 -64,-119.5 -64,-116 -64,-112.5 -64,-109 -64,-105.5 -64,-102 -64,-98.5 -64,-95 -64,-95 -65.15,-95 -66.3,-95 -67.45,-95 -68.6,-95 -69.75,-95 -70.9,-95 -72.05,-95 -73.2,-95 -74.35,-95 -75.5,-98.5 -75.5,-102 -75.5,-105.5 -75.5,-109 -75.5,-112.5 -75.5,-116 -75.5,-119.5 -75.5,-123 -75.5,-126.5 -75.5,-130 -75.5,-130 -74.35,-130 -73.2,-130 -72.05,-130 -70.9,-130 -69.75,-130 -68.6,-130 -67.45,-130 -66.3,-130 -65.15,-130 -64))"]	["POINT(-112.5 -69.75)"]	false	false
Compilation of ice temperature measurements at 10 m depth from international traverses 1957-1996.	None	2020-05-20	Scambos, Ted	No project link provided	Temperature mesaurements from 10-meter depth in drill holes, dating back prior to 1956 and the International Geophysical Year, including measurements from several major recent surveys. Data cover the entire continental ice sheet and several ice shelves, but coverage density is generally low. For more information, please see the notes available for each 10-meter data set, and the list of related publications. The deeper drill-hole temperature data collection also covers a large portion of the ice sheet. The time frame covered by this collection is 1949-1979.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Shallow firn temperature records	None	2020-05-20	Goldthwait, Richard, P; Pirrit, John; Hollin, John; Giovineto, Mario	No project link provided	Shallow firn temperature records made at the Byrd, Ellesworth, Wilkes and South Pole sites during the International Geophysical Year (1957-58). Depths of measurements range from the surface to as deep as 16m, on intervals of 0.5m to 8m. Time intervals of measurements vary from one day to one month.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
J-9 Drill Hole Temperatures	None	2020-05-05	Clough, John	No project link provided	The Ross Ice Shelf Project (RISP) began in 1973, and lasted six field seasons. One of the primary goals for RISP was to drill a hole through the Ross Ice Shelf in order to study the ice, the ocean, and the ocean floor beneath the ice shelf. In late November 1974, during the second field season, the camp at J-9 (82.375S, 168.626W) was established, and this site was chosen for future deep core drilling. This datset records ice shelf and sub-ice shelf temperature profiles taken between 1974 and 1977 at the J9 drill site in The Ross Ice Shelf.	["POINT(-168.626 -82.375)"]	["POINT(-168.626 -82.375)"]	false	false
Eddy covariance air-sea momentum, heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes in the Southern Ocean from the N.B. Palmer cruise NBP1210	1043623	2020-05-01	Miller, Scott; Butterworth, Brian	Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean	This dataset contains meteorological and air-sea flux data (momentum, heat, and CO2 fluxes; CO2 gas transfer velocity) collected during the the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1210 conducted in 2013. The files are of XLS format	["POLYGON((-180 -57,-169.5 -57,-159 -57,-148.5 -57,-138 -57,-127.5 -57,-117 -57,-106.5 -57,-96 -57,-85.5 -57,-75 -57,-75 -59.1,-75 -61.2,-75 -63.3,-75 -65.4,-75 -67.5,-75 -69.6,-75 -71.7,-75 -73.8,-75 -75.9,-75 -78,-85.5 -78,-96 -78,-106.5 -78,-117 -78,-127.5 -78,-138 -78,-148.5 -78,-159 -78,-169.5 -78,180 -78,178.3 -78,176.6 -78,174.9 -78,173.2 -78,171.5 -78,169.8 -78,168.1 -78,166.4 -78,164.7 -78,163 -78,163 -75.9,163 -73.8,163 -71.7,163 -69.6,163 -67.5,163 -65.4,163 -63.3,163 -61.2,163 -59.1,163 -57,164.7 -57,166.4 -57,168.1 -57,169.8 -57,171.5 -57,173.2 -57,174.9 -57,176.6 -57,178.3 -57,-180 -57))"]	["POINT(-136 -67.5)"]	false	false
Eddy covariance air-sea momentum, heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes in the Southern Ocean from the N.B. Palmer cruise NBP1402	1043623	2020-05-01	Miller, Scott; Butterworth, Brian	Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean	This dataset contains meteorological and air-sea flux data (momentum, heat, and CO2 fluxes; CO2 gas transfer velocity) collected during the the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1402 conducted in 2014. The files are of XLS format.	["POLYGON((117.5 -47,120.35 -47,123.2 -47,126.05 -47,128.9 -47,131.75 -47,134.6 -47,137.45 -47,140.3 -47,143.15 -47,146 -47,146 -49.04,146 -51.08,146 -53.12,146 -55.16,146 -57.2,146 -59.24,146 -61.28,146 -63.32,146 -65.36,146 -67.4,143.15 -67.4,140.3 -67.4,137.45 -67.4,134.6 -67.4,131.75 -67.4,128.9 -67.4,126.05 -67.4,123.2 -67.4,120.35 -67.4,117.5 -67.4,117.5 -65.36,117.5 -63.32,117.5 -61.28,117.5 -59.24,117.5 -57.2,117.5 -55.16,117.5 -53.12,117.5 -51.08,117.5 -49.04,117.5 -47))"]	["POINT(131.75 -57.2)"]	false	false
High-resolution benthic seawater temperature record 1999-2012 (25-40m depth) from near intake jetty at McMurdo Station, Antarctica	0231006 1142158	2020-04-08	Cheng, Chi-Hing; Cziko, Paul; Devries, Arthur	Antarctic Notothenioid Fish Freeze Avoidance and Genome-wide Evolution for Life in the Cold	Benthic seawater temperature (within 10cm of the bottom) from near the McMurdo Station, Ross Island, Antarctica saltwater intake jetty. Data collected at two nearby locations: On muddy bottom at base of artificial rock jetty (~25m depth), and ~50m west of the Jetty in sponge/spicule mat habitat (~40m depth).	["POLYGON((163 -76.5,163.5 -76.5,164 -76.5,164.5 -76.5,165 -76.5,165.5 -76.5,166 -76.5,166.5 -76.5,167 -76.5,167.5 -76.5,168 -76.5,168 -76.63,168 -76.76,168 -76.89,168 -77.02,168 -77.15,168 -77.28,168 -77.41,168 -77.54,168 -77.67,168 -77.8,167.5 -77.8,167 -77.8,166.5 -77.8,166 -77.8,165.5 -77.8,165 -77.8,164.5 -77.8,164 -77.8,163.5 -77.8,163 -77.8,163 -77.67,163 -77.54,163 -77.41,163 -77.28,163 -77.15,163 -77.02,163 -76.89,163 -76.76,163 -76.63,163 -76.5))"]	["POINT(165.5 -77.15)"]	false	false
SPICEcore Advection	1443471	2020-03-25	Fudge, T. J.	Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core	The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore), which spans the past 54,300 years, was drilled far from an ice divide such that ice recovered at depth originated upstream of the core site. If the climate is different upstream, the climate history recovered from the core will be a combination of the upstream conditions advected to the core site and temporal changes. Here, we evaluate the impact of ice advection on two fundamental records from SPICEcore: accumulation rate and water isotopes. We determined past locations of ice deposition based on GPS measurements of the modern velocity field spanning 100 km upstream, where ice of ~20 ka age would likely have originated. Beyond 100 km, there are no velocity measurements, but ice likely originates from Titan Dome, an additional 90 km distant. Shallow radar measurements extending 100 km upstream from the core site reveal large (~20%) variations in accumulation but no significant trend. Water isotope ratios, measured at 12.5 km intervals for the first 100 km of the flowline, show a decrease with elevation of -0.008‰ m-1 for δ18O. Advection adds approximately 1‰ for δ18O to the LGM-to-modern change. We also use an existing ensemble of continental ice-sheet model runs to assess the ice sheet elevation change through time. The magnitude of elevation change is likely small and the sign uncertain. Assuming a lapse rate of 10°C per km of elevation, the inference of LGM-to-modern temperature change is ~1.4°C smaller than if the flow from upstream is not considered.	["POINT(-98.16 -89.99)"]	["POINT(-98.16 -89.99)"]	false	false
Detrital low-temperature thermochronometry from Bourgeois Fjord, AP	1543256	2020-02-27	Clinger, Anna	Antarctic Peninsula Exhumation and Landscape Development Investigated by Low-Temperature Detrital Thermochronometry	This dataset contains 80 detrital and 2 bedrock apatite (U-Th)/He thermochronometric ages from Bourgeois Fjord. Data was collected to constrain timing and patterns of topographic change at Bourgeois Fjord on Ma timescales. Analyses were conducted at the Berkeley Geochronology Center and presented in Microsoft Excel formats.	["POLYGON((-66.80688 -67.420674,-66.732895 -67.420674,-66.65891 -67.420674,-66.584925 -67.420674,-66.51094 -67.420674,-66.436955 -67.420674,-66.36297 -67.420674,-66.288985 -67.420674,-66.215 -67.420674,-66.141015 -67.420674,-66.06703 -67.420674,-66.06703 -67.4542151,-66.06703 -67.4877562,-66.06703 -67.5212973,-66.06703 -67.5548384,-66.06703 -67.5883795,-66.06703 -67.6219206,-66.06703 -67.6554617,-66.06703 -67.6890028,-66.06703 -67.7225439,-66.06703 -67.756085,-66.141015 -67.756085,-66.215 -67.756085,-66.288985 -67.756085,-66.36297 -67.756085,-66.436955 -67.756085,-66.51094 -67.756085,-66.584925 -67.756085,-66.65891 -67.756085,-66.732895 -67.756085,-66.80688 -67.756085,-66.80688 -67.7225439,-66.80688 -67.6890028,-66.80688 -67.6554617,-66.80688 -67.6219206,-66.80688 -67.5883795,-66.80688 -67.5548384,-66.80688 -67.5212973,-66.80688 -67.4877562,-66.80688 -67.4542151,-66.80688 -67.420674))"]	["POINT(-66.436955 -67.5883795)"]	false	false
Paleogene marine and terrestrial development of the West Antarctic Rift System: Biomarker Data Set	0839059	2019-12-19	Coenen, Jason; Castañeda, Isla; Warny, Sophie; Baudoin, Patrick; Scherer, Reed Paul; Askin, Rosemary	Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability & Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake & Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)	This data set includes biomarker data presented in Paleogene marine and terrestrial development of the West Antarctic Rift System. Included in the alkane sheet are the Terrestrial/aquatic (T/A) n-alkane ratio, total long (C27-C33)- and mid-chain (C23 and C25) n-alkane concentrations in units of ng alkanes per g sediment extracted, and the n-alkane average chain-length (ACL). Included in the glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraethers (GDGT) sheet are the TEX86 sea surface temperature estimates with multiple calibrations discussed in the text, the MBT’5ME mean annual air temperature estimates, the branched and isoprenoid tetraether (BIT) index.	["POLYGON((-180 -80,-174 -80,-168 -80,-162 -80,-156 -80,-150 -80,-144 -80,-138 -80,-132 -80,-126 -80,-120 -80,-120 -80.5,-120 -81,-120 -81.5,-120 -82,-120 -82.5,-120 -83,-120 -83.5,-120 -84,-120 -84.5,-120 -85,-126 -85,-132 -85,-138 -85,-144 -85,-150 -85,-156 -85,-162 -85,-168 -85,-174 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -85,180 -84.5,180 -84,180 -83.5,180 -83,180 -82.5,180 -82,180 -81.5,180 -81,180 -80.5,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,180 -80,-180 -80))"]	["POINT(-150 -82.5)"]	false	false
South Pole ice core total air content	1443464	2019-12-11	Sowers, Todd A.	Collaborative Research: Inert Gas and Methane Based Climate Records throughout the South Pole Deep Ice Core	The total air content in ice core samples are a fundamental indication of the multitude of processes that impact densification of snow in polar regions. In addition, variations in the elevation of the ice sheet directly control the pressure in the bubble close off region and thereby the total gas content. Attempts to remove the physical factors (temperature, accumulation rate, dust content, seasonality) impacting the total air content could provide a means of assessing variations in the elevation of the South Pole over the last 50,000 years.	["POINT(0 -90)"]	["POINT(0 -90)"]	false	false
Updated (2017) bubble number-density, size, shape, and modeled paleoclimate data	1043528 0539578	2019-11-12	Fegyveresi, John; Alley, Richard; Spencer, Matthew; Fitzpatrick, Joan; Voigt, Donald E.	Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core Collaborative Research: Continued Study of Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core	This data set includes the fully updated (2017) bubble number-density measured at depths from 120 meters down to 1600 meters at 20-meter intervals in both horizontal and vertical samples. The data set also includes modeled temperature reconstructions based on the model developed by Spencer and others (2006) and Fegyveresi and others (2011). Data also includes tabs for bubble size and shape data.	["POINT(-112.3 -79.43333333)"]	["POINT(-112.3 -79.43333333)"]	false	false
Last Interglacial Mean Ocean Temperature	1246148 1245821 1245659	2019-10-18	Shackleton, Sarah	Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive	Noble gas data from Taylor Glacier and EPICA Dome C (EDC) for mean ocean temperature reconstruction during the Last Interglacial. Also includes trace gas measurements of d18Oatm, CO2, and CH4 from Taylor Glacier from chronology construction.	["POLYGON((123.3 -75.1,127.138 -75.1,130.976 -75.1,134.814 -75.1,138.652 -75.1,142.49 -75.1,146.328 -75.1,150.166 -75.1,154.004 -75.1,157.842 -75.1,161.68 -75.1,161.68 -75.367,161.68 -75.634,161.68 -75.901,161.68 -76.168,161.68 -76.435,161.68 -76.702,161.68 -76.969,161.68 -77.236,161.68 -77.503,161.68 -77.77,157.842 -77.77,154.004 -77.77,150.166 -77.77,146.328 -77.77,142.49 -77.77,138.652 -77.77,134.814 -77.77,130.976 -77.77,127.138 -77.77,123.3 -77.77,123.3 -77.503,123.3 -77.236,123.3 -76.969,123.3 -76.702,123.3 -76.435,123.3 -76.168,123.3 -75.901,123.3 -75.634,123.3 -75.367,123.3 -75.1))"]	["POINT(142.49 -76.435)"]	false	false
Noble Gas Data from recent ice in Antarctica for 86Kr problem	1543229	2019-08-02	Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Shackleton, Sarah	Collaborative research: Kr-86 as a proxy for barometric pressure variability and movement of the SH westerlies during the last deglaciation	This data comprises a survey of Recent ice from multiple sites in Antarctica using shallow ice cores to examine noble gas values in ice that nominally has the same Mean Ocean Temperature as today. The goal is to elucidate fractionation that occurs in the firn before air is trapped in bubbles in the ice, by making the assumption that the atmosphere noble gas content has not changed since this air was trappped. The ages of the air samples are typically early Industrial Revolution or late Holocene.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
SUMO unmanned aerial system (UAS) atmospheric data	1341606	2019-07-10	Cassano, John	Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica	Atmospheric boundary layer temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind profile data collected with the Small Unmanned Meteorological Observer (SUMO) unmanned aerial system (UAS) during the NBP1704 PIPERS cruise.	["POLYGON((-180 -71.088,-179.7593 -71.088,-179.5186 -71.088,-179.2779 -71.088,-179.0372 -71.088,-178.7965 -71.088,-178.5558 -71.088,-178.3151 -71.088,-178.0744 -71.088,-177.8337 -71.088,-177.593 -71.088,-177.593 -71.5318,-177.593 -71.9756,-177.593 -72.4194,-177.593 -72.8632,-177.593 -73.307,-177.593 -73.7508,-177.593 -74.1946,-177.593 -74.6384,-177.593 -75.0822,-177.593 -75.526,-177.8337 -75.526,-178.0744 -75.526,-178.3151 -75.526,-178.5558 -75.526,-178.7965 -75.526,-179.0372 -75.526,-179.2779 -75.526,-179.5186 -75.526,-179.7593 -75.526,180 -75.526,179.1926 -75.526,178.3852 -75.526,177.5778 -75.526,176.7704 -75.526,175.963 -75.526,175.1556 -75.526,174.3482 -75.526,173.5408 -75.526,172.7334 -75.526,171.926 -75.526,171.926 -75.0822,171.926 -74.6384,171.926 -74.1946,171.926 -73.7508,171.926 -73.307,171.926 -72.8632,171.926 -72.4194,171.926 -71.9756,171.926 -71.5318,171.926 -71.088,172.7334 -71.088,173.5408 -71.088,174.3482 -71.088,175.1556 -71.088,175.963 -71.088,176.7704 -71.088,177.5778 -71.088,178.3852 -71.088,179.1926 -71.088,-180 -71.088))"]	["POINT(177.1665 -73.307)"]	false	false
PIPERS Meteorology Rawinsonde Data	1341725	2019-06-12	Guest, Peter	Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica	This file contains rawinsonde data from 134 rawisnonde soundings performed during the 2017 PIPERS cruise for the period 14 April 2330 – 5 June 1130 (UT).	["POLYGON((-180 -62,-179.5 -62,-179 -62,-178.5 -62,-178 -62,-177.5 -62,-177 -62,-176.5 -62,-176 -62,-175.5 -62,-175 -62,-175 -63.6,-175 -65.2,-175 -66.8,-175 -68.4,-175 -70,-175 -71.6,-175 -73.2,-175 -74.8,-175 -76.4,-175 -78,-175.5 -78,-176 -78,-176.5 -78,-177 -78,-177.5 -78,-178 -78,-178.5 -78,-179 -78,-179.5 -78,180 -78,178.8 -78,177.6 -78,176.4 -78,175.2 -78,174 -78,172.8 -78,171.6 -78,170.4 -78,169.2 -78,168 -78,168 -76.4,168 -74.8,168 -73.2,168 -71.6,168 -70,168 -68.4,168 -66.8,168 -65.2,168 -63.6,168 -62,169.2 -62,170.4 -62,171.6 -62,172.8 -62,174 -62,175.2 -62,176.4 -62,177.6 -62,178.8 -62,-180 -62))"]	["POINT(176.5 -70)"]	false	false
PIPERS Meteorology Time Series	1341725	2019-06-12	Guest, Peter	Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica	This file contains times series data from the 2017 PIPERS cruise for the period 15 April 0000 – 8 June 1200 (UT). The time series data represent one minute means and include data collected by the Naval Postgraduate School from the starboard side boom (including occasionally on ice surface temp sampling), radiation system on the helo deck and sometimes in situ surface temp. Also included are meteorological, navigation and surface oceanography (from intake) data from the standard ship systems.	["POLYGON((-180 -62,-179.5 -62,-179 -62,-178.5 -62,-178 -62,-177.5 -62,-177 -62,-176.5 -62,-176 -62,-175.5 -62,-175 -62,-175 -63.6,-175 -65.2,-175 -66.8,-175 -68.4,-175 -70,-175 -71.6,-175 -73.2,-175 -74.8,-175 -76.4,-175 -78,-175.5 -78,-176 -78,-176.5 -78,-177 -78,-177.5 -78,-178 -78,-178.5 -78,-179 -78,-179.5 -78,180 -78,178.8 -78,177.6 -78,176.4 -78,175.2 -78,174 -78,172.8 -78,171.6 -78,170.4 -78,169.2 -78,168 -78,168 -76.4,168 -74.8,168 -73.2,168 -71.6,168 -70,168 -68.4,168 -66.8,168 -65.2,168 -63.6,168 -62,169.2 -62,170.4 -62,171.6 -62,172.8 -62,174 -62,175.2 -62,176.4 -62,177.6 -62,178.8 -62,-180 -62))"]	["POINT(176.5 -70)"]	false	false
Taylor Glacier Noble Gases - Younger Dryas	1245821 1246148 1245659 0739766	2019-04-23	Shackleton, Sarah	Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive	Noble gas data from Taylor Glacier for mean ocean temperature reconstruction during the Younger Dryas. Also includes field measurements of methane and standard deviations of replicate CO2 measurements from WAIS Divide.	["POLYGON((161.68 -77.73,161.7 -77.73,161.72 -77.73,161.74 -77.73,161.76 -77.73,161.78 -77.73,161.8 -77.73,161.82 -77.73,161.84 -77.73,161.86 -77.73,161.88 -77.73,161.88 -77.734,161.88 -77.738,161.88 -77.742,161.88 -77.746,161.88 -77.75,161.88 -77.754,161.88 -77.758,161.88 -77.762,161.88 -77.766,161.88 -77.77,161.86 -77.77,161.84 -77.77,161.82 -77.77,161.8 -77.77,161.78 -77.77,161.76 -77.77,161.74 -77.77,161.72 -77.77,161.7 -77.77,161.68 -77.77,161.68 -77.766,161.68 -77.762,161.68 -77.758,161.68 -77.754,161.68 -77.75,161.68 -77.746,161.68 -77.742,161.68 -77.738,161.68 -77.734,161.68 -77.73))"]	["POINT(161.78 -77.75)"]	false	false
NetCDF outputs from middle Eocene climate simulation using the GENESIS global circulation model	1543031	2019-04-22	Judd, Emily	Seasonality, Summer Cooling, and Calibrating the Approach of the Icehouse in Late Eocene Antarctica	GENESIS global circulation model (GCM) outputs from a middle Eocene simulation parameterized with 2000 ppm pCO2, high obliquity, and no Antarctic ice.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Oxygen isotope data from serially sampled Eocene bivalves from the La Meseta Fm., Seymour Island, Antarctica	1543031	2019-04-22	Judd, Emily	Seasonality, Summer Cooling, and Calibrating the Approach of the Icehouse in Late Eocene Antarctica	Serially-sampled high-resolution oxygen isotope data from middle Eocene (~42 Ma) bivalves preserved within the La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctica.	["POLYGON((-57 -64,-56.9 -64,-56.8 -64,-56.7 -64,-56.6 -64,-56.5 -64,-56.4 -64,-56.3 -64,-56.2 -64,-56.1 -64,-56 -64,-56 -64.05,-56 -64.1,-56 -64.15,-56 -64.2,-56 -64.25,-56 -64.3,-56 -64.35,-56 -64.4,-56 -64.45,-56 -64.5,-56.1 -64.5,-56.2 -64.5,-56.3 -64.5,-56.4 -64.5,-56.5 -64.5,-56.6 -64.5,-56.7 -64.5,-56.8 -64.5,-56.9 -64.5,-57 -64.5,-57 -64.45,-57 -64.4,-57 -64.35,-57 -64.3,-57 -64.25,-57 -64.2,-57 -64.15,-57 -64.1,-57 -64.05,-57 -64))"]	["POINT(-56.5 -64.25)"]	false	false
Vaisala Integrated Met Station near Blood Falls, Taylor Glacier	1144177	2019-03-18	Pettit, Erin	Collaborative Research: MIDGE: Minimally Invasive Direct Glacial Exploration of Biogeochemistry, Hydrology and Glaciology of Blood Falls, McMurdo Dry Valleys	This data set contains a short term integrated met station deployed about 300m from Blood Falls at the site of the FLIR and Time Lapse cameras.	["POLYGON((161.8 -77.7,161.88 -77.7,161.96 -77.7,162.04 -77.7,162.12 -77.7,162.2 -77.7,162.28 -77.7,162.36 -77.7,162.44 -77.7,162.52 -77.7,162.6 -77.7,162.6 -77.707,162.6 -77.714,162.6 -77.721,162.6 -77.728,162.6 -77.735,162.6 -77.742,162.6 -77.749,162.6 -77.756,162.6 -77.763,162.6 -77.77,162.52 -77.77,162.44 -77.77,162.36 -77.77,162.28 -77.77,162.2 -77.77,162.12 -77.77,162.04 -77.77,161.96 -77.77,161.88 -77.77,161.8 -77.77,161.8 -77.763,161.8 -77.756,161.8 -77.749,161.8 -77.742,161.8 -77.735,161.8 -77.728,161.8 -77.721,161.8 -77.714,161.8 -77.707,161.8 -77.7))"]	["POINT(162.2 -77.735)"]	false	false
Response time data for snails escaping from predatory sea stars	1041022	2019-03-13	Schram, Julie; Amsler, Charles	The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica	Response time data for snails escaping from predatory sea stars	[]	[]	false	false
Summer Oceanographic Measurements near the Mertz Polynya NBP0008	9725024 9909374	2019-03-11	Jacobs, Stanley; Mele, Phil; Mortlock, R. A.; Smethie, William M	Shelf and Bottom Water Formation Near East Antarctic Polynyas and Glaciers Circumpolar Deep Water and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet	Summer Oceanographic Measurements near the Mertz Polynya (140-150E) on NB Palmer Cruise 00-08. These are processed, high resolution CTD and bottle data files; Standard level listings and station listings and plots.	["POLYGON((140 -65.5,141 -65.5,142 -65.5,143 -65.5,144 -65.5,145 -65.5,146 -65.5,147 -65.5,148 -65.5,149 -65.5,150 -65.5,150 -65.75,150 -66,150 -66.25,150 -66.5,150 -66.75,150 -67,150 -67.25,150 -67.5,150 -67.75,150 -68,149 -68,148 -68,147 -68,146 -68,145 -68,144 -68,143 -68,142 -68,141 -68,140 -68,140 -67.75,140 -67.5,140 -67.25,140 -67,140 -66.75,140 -66.5,140 -66.25,140 -66,140 -65.75,140 -65.5))"]	["POINT(145 -66.75)"]	false	false
Size scaling of oxygen physiology and metabolic rate of Antarctic sea spiders	1341485	2019-01-06	Lane, Steven J.; Moran, Amy; Shishido, Caitlin; Woods, H. Arthur	Collaborative Research: Body Size, Oxygen, and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Antarctic Pycnogonida	Data used in Lane, SJ, CM Shishido, AL Moran, BW Tobalske, CP Arango, HA Woods (2017) Upper limits to body size imposed by respiratory-structural trade-offs in Antarctic pycnogonids. Proceedings of the Royal Society B 284, No. 1865, p. 20171779, DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1779. File includes data on species identification, body mass, leg dimensions, oxygen gradients across the cuticle, and metabolic rate.	["POINT(166.666 -77.8499966)"]	["POINT(166.666 -77.8499966)"]	false	false
AU1402 mooring data	1313826	2018-12-24	Orsi, Alejandro	Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics	An array of three moorings (M1-M3) with current meters, temperature, conductivity, and pressure (TCP) recorders were deployed along the eastern flank of the continental shelf off Sabrina Coast, at the main path of the Antarctic Coastal Current indicated by the uCTD data collected earlier during the cruise. These three US mooring were deployed at the 625-m (M1), 620-m (M2) and 1051-m (M3) isobaths. M1 was recovered on 25 February 2014, with a full data return from all of its instruments; whereas M2 and M3 were recovered in early 2015 on board of the Australian RVI Aurora Australis next year (cruise AU1402). The location and schematics of the mooring array design is described below, and also provided among the uploaded files.	["POLYGON((119 -66,119.3 -66,119.6 -66,119.9 -66,120.2 -66,120.5 -66,120.8 -66,121.1 -66,121.4 -66,121.7 -66,122 -66,122 -66.1,122 -66.2,122 -66.3,122 -66.4,122 -66.5,122 -66.6,122 -66.7,122 -66.8,122 -66.9,122 -67,121.7 -67,121.4 -67,121.1 -67,120.8 -67,120.5 -67,120.2 -67,119.9 -67,119.6 -67,119.3 -67,119 -67,119 -66.9,119 -66.8,119 -66.7,119 -66.6,119 -66.5,119 -66.4,119 -66.3,119 -66.2,119 -66.1,119 -66))"]	["POINT(120.5 -66.5)"]	false	false
AU1402 Final UCTD data	1143833	2018-12-24	Orsi, Alejandro	Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics	Underway Salinity (Conductivity), Temperature, Depth (Pressure) profiles from AU1402, final, reduced, quality control version. Data are reported as an ascii table suitable for import to Ocean Data View.	["POLYGON((119 -66,119.3 -66,119.6 -66,119.9 -66,120.2 -66,120.5 -66,120.8 -66,121.1 -66,121.4 -66,121.7 -66,122 -66,122 -66.1,122 -66.2,122 -66.3,122 -66.4,122 -66.5,122 -66.6,122 -66.7,122 -66.8,122 -66.9,122 -67,121.7 -67,121.4 -67,121.1 -67,120.8 -67,120.5 -67,120.2 -67,119.9 -67,119.6 -67,119.3 -67,119 -67,119 -66.9,119 -66.8,119 -66.7,119 -66.6,119 -66.5,119 -66.4,119 -66.3,119 -66.2,119 -66.1,119 -66))"]	["POINT(120.5 -66.5)"]	false	false
NBP1402 Final UCTD data	1143833	2018-12-23	Orsi, Alejandro	Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics	Underway Salinity (Conductivity), Temperature, Depth (Pressure) profiles from NBP1402, final, reduced, quality control version. Data are reported as an ascii table suitable for import to Ocean Data View.	["POLYGON((117 -64,119.9 -64,122.8 -64,125.7 -64,128.6 -64,131.5 -64,134.4 -64,137.3 -64,140.2 -64,143.1 -64,146 -64,146 -64.4,146 -64.8,146 -65.2,146 -65.6,146 -66,146 -66.4,146 -66.8,146 -67.2,146 -67.6,146 -68,143.1 -68,140.2 -68,137.3 -68,134.4 -68,131.5 -68,128.6 -68,125.7 -68,122.8 -68,119.9 -68,117 -68,117 -67.6,117 -67.2,117 -66.8,117 -66.4,117 -66,117 -65.6,117 -65.2,117 -64.8,117 -64.4,117 -64))"]	["POINT(131.5 -66)"]	false	false
Nearshore pH, temperature, (salinity, depth) at mooring sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, Overwinter 2011-2016	0944201 1246202	2018-12-05	Hoshijima, Umihiko; Hofmann, Gretchen; Kapsenberg, Lydia	Ocean Acidification Seascape: Linking Natural Variability and Anthropogenic changes in pH and Temperature to Performance in Calcifying Antarctic Marine Invertebrates	This dataset consists of measurements made of pH (total scale) and temperature at various sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica with autonomous DuraFET® - based pH sensors. Sensors logged every 4 hours and ran until batteries were exhausted. Sensors were calibrated with water samples following best practices from Dickson et al (2007). Details of select years from this dataset are provided in Kapsenberg et al(2015).	["POLYGON((163.5281 -77.5715,163.84105 -77.5715,164.154 -77.5715,164.46695 -77.5715,164.7799 -77.5715,165.09285 -77.5715,165.4058 -77.5715,165.71875 -77.5715,166.0317 -77.5715,166.34465 -77.5715,166.6576 -77.5715,166.6576 -77.59928,166.6576 -77.62706,166.6576 -77.65484,166.6576 -77.68262,166.6576 -77.7104,166.6576 -77.73818,166.6576 -77.76596,166.6576 -77.79374,166.6576 -77.82152,166.6576 -77.8493,166.34465 -77.8493,166.0317 -77.8493,165.71875 -77.8493,165.4058 -77.8493,165.09285 -77.8493,164.7799 -77.8493,164.46695 -77.8493,164.154 -77.8493,163.84105 -77.8493,163.5281 -77.8493,163.5281 -77.82152,163.5281 -77.79374,163.5281 -77.76596,163.5281 -77.73818,163.5281 -77.7104,163.5281 -77.68262,163.5281 -77.65484,163.5281 -77.62706,163.5281 -77.59928,163.5281 -77.5715))"]	["POINT(165.09285 -77.7104)"]	false	false
Linking oceanographic conditions, migratory schedules and foraging behaviour during the non-breeding season to reproductive performance in a long-lived seabird	1246407	2018-12-03	Jenouvrier, Stephanie	Linking Foraging Behaviors to Demography to understand Albatrosses Population Responses to Climate Change	1. Studies of the mechanisms underlying climate-induced population changes are critically needed to better understand and accurately predict population responses to climate change. Long-lived migratory species might be particularly vulnerable to climate change as they are constrained by different climate conditions and energetic requirements during the breeding and non-breeding seasons. Yet, most studies primarily focus on the breeding season of these species life cycle. Environmental conditions experienced in the non-breeding season may have downstream effects on the other stages of the annual life cycle. Not investigating such effects may potentially lead to erroneous inferences about population dynamics. 2. Combining demographic and tracking data collected between 2006 and 2013 at Kerguelen Island on a long-lived migratory seabird, the Black-Browed Albatross (Thalassarche melanophris), we investigated the links between sea surface temperature during the non-breeding season and behavioural and phenological traits (at-sea behaviour and migratory schedules) while accounting for different responses between birds of different sex and reproductive status (previously failed or successful breeders). We then explored whether variation in the foraging behaviour and timing of spring migration influenced subsequent reproductive performance. 3. Our results showed that foraging activity and migratory schedules varied by both sex and reproductive status suggesting different energetic requirements and constraints among individuals. Higher sea surface temperatures during late winter, assumed to reflect poor winter conditions, were associated with an earlier departure from the wintering grounds and an extended pre-breeding period. However, an earlier spring migration and an earlier return to Kerguelen grounds were associated with a lower breeding success. 4. Our results highlighted that behaviour during some periods of the non-breeding season, particularly towards the end of the wintering period and the pre-breeding period, had a significant effect on the subsequent reproductive success. Therefore caution needs to be given to all stages of the annual cycle when predicting the influence of climate on population dynamics.	["POLYGON((68.5 -48.5,68.725 -48.5,68.95 -48.5,69.175 -48.5,69.4 -48.5,69.625 -48.5,69.85 -48.5,70.075 -48.5,70.3 -48.5,70.525 -48.5,70.75 -48.5,70.75 -48.65,70.75 -48.8,70.75 -48.95,70.75 -49.1,70.75 -49.25,70.75 -49.4,70.75 -49.55,70.75 -49.7,70.75 -49.85,70.75 -50,70.525 -50,70.3 -50,70.075 -50,69.85 -50,69.625 -50,69.4 -50,69.175 -50,68.95 -50,68.725 -50,68.5 -50,68.5 -49.85,68.5 -49.7,68.5 -49.55,68.5 -49.4,68.5 -49.25,68.5 -49.1,68.5 -48.95,68.5 -48.8,68.5 -48.65,68.5 -48.5))"]	["POINT(69.625 -49.25)"]	false	false
Ice Temperature in Shallow Boreholes Near Blood Falls at the Terminus of Taylor Glacier, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica	1144192	2018-11-28	Tulaczyk, Slawek	Collaborative Research: MIDGE: Minimally Invasive Direct Glacial Exploration of Biogeochemistry, Hydrology and Glaciology of Blood Falls, McMurdo Dry Valleys		["POINT(162.2673 -77.722528)"]	["POINT(162.2673 -77.722528)"]	false	false
Experimental analyses of phytoplankton temperature response	1142174	2018-11-14	Smith, Walker	Collaborative Research: Penguin Foraging Reveals Phytoplankton Spatial Structure in the Ross Sea	This data set summarizes the responses of a variety of phytoplankton cultures to different temperatures. Variables assessed in triplicate at each temperature include cell abundance, chlorophyll and particulate organic carbon. Some eight species were assessed. Each experiment lasted ca. 25 days.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
McMurdo Ice Shelf AWS data	1443126	2018-07-20	Banwell, Alison; MacAyeal, Douglas	Impact of Supraglacial Lakes on Ice-Shelf Stability	An automatic weather station was operated on the McMurdo Ice Shelf near Pegasus Air Strip for 365 days from 24 January 2016 to 22 January 2017. The sensors consisted of temperature/RH at 2 m and 8 m (above surface), wind speed at 2 m and 8 m, 4-component radiometer, and wind direction. Time series provides averages for every 30 minutes of a 30 second sample scheme.	["POINT(166.521 -77.936)"]	["POINT(166.521 -77.936)"]	false	false
Satellite tracks of Black-browed Albatross in the Southern Indian Ocean	1142084	2018-04-11	Losekoot, Marcel; Nevitt, Gabrielle	Applying High-resolution GPS Tracking to Characterize Sensory Foraging Strategies of the Black-browed Albatross, a Top Predator of the Southern Ocean Ecosystem	This dataset was recorded from tags fitted to Black-browed Albatross from the breeding colony called "Canon des Sourcils Noirs", on Kerguelen Island, located at 70.2433E, -49.6875S. The dataset contains the following items: 1. GPS locations (lat,lon) and timestamps at local time (GMT-5) 2. Timestamped stomach temperature measurements.	["POLYGON((40 -25,46 -25,52 -25,58 -25,64 -25,70 -25,76 -25,82 -25,88 -25,94 -25,100 -25,100 -29,100 -33,100 -37,100 -41,100 -45,100 -49,100 -53,100 -57,100 -61,100 -65,94 -65,88 -65,82 -65,76 -65,70 -65,64 -65,58 -65,52 -65,46 -65,40 -65,40 -61,40 -57,40 -53,40 -49,40 -45,40 -41,40 -37,40 -33,40 -29,40 -25))"]	["POINT(70 -45)"]	false	false
Roosevelt Island Borehole Optical Televiewer logs	0943466	2018-02-13	Hawley, Robert L.; Clemens-Sewall, David	Collaborative Research: Deglaciation of the Ross Sea Embayment - constraints from Roosevelt Island	A Borehole Optical Televiewer (OPTV) uses a conical mirror and scanning electronics to record a continuous 360-degree image of the borehole wall. An inclinometer and magnetometer allow the image to be 'unwrapped' and resented as a rectangular image, which shows the visible features of the wall oriented to magnetic north. This dataset includes both the raw bitmap (bmp) image data from the televiewer, as well as proprietary WellCad format (wcl) files. The WellCad format files contain the inclinometry, orientation, and temperature data in addition to the imagery data. Wellcad files can be viewed with a free wellcad file reader available from https://www.alt.lu/downloads.htm. This dataset includes OPTV logs from each of two seasons, November 2013 and 2014. The logs are of the 760 m deep hole drilled by the RICE project, a NZ-USA partnership.	["POLYGON((-163 -79,-162.8 -79,-162.6 -79,-162.4 -79,-162.2 -79,-162 -79,-161.8 -79,-161.6 -79,-161.4 -79,-161.2 -79,-161 -79,-161 -79.05,-161 -79.1,-161 -79.15,-161 -79.2,-161 -79.25,-161 -79.3,-161 -79.35,-161 -79.4,-161 -79.45,-161 -79.5,-161.2 -79.5,-161.4 -79.5,-161.6 -79.5,-161.8 -79.5,-162 -79.5,-162.2 -79.5,-162.4 -79.5,-162.6 -79.5,-162.8 -79.5,-163 -79.5,-163 -79.45,-163 -79.4,-163 -79.35,-163 -79.3,-163 -79.25,-163 -79.2,-163 -79.15,-163 -79.1,-163 -79.05,-163 -79))"]	["POINT(-162 -79.25)"]	false	false
Weather data from LARISSA / SCAR Inlet Rapid AMIGOS and cGPS stations	1565576	2018-02-13	Scambos, Ted	RAPID: Observing the Disintegration of the Scar Inlet Ice Shelf	Weather and instrument data from the Automated Meterology Ice Geophysics Observation System (AMIGOS) stations installed as part of the LARISSA and RAPID Scar Inlet funded grants from NSF-PLR. The data include temperature, wind, pressure, humidity, station position (coarse), and station health.	["POLYGON((-63 -64.75,-62.6 -64.75,-62.2 -64.75,-61.8 -64.75,-61.4 -64.75,-61 -64.75,-60.6 -64.75,-60.2 -64.75,-59.8 -64.75,-59.4 -64.75,-59 -64.75,-59 -64.9,-59 -65.05,-59 -65.2,-59 -65.35,-59 -65.5,-59 -65.65,-59 -65.8,-59 -65.95,-59 -66.1,-59 -66.25,-59.4 -66.25,-59.8 -66.25,-60.2 -66.25,-60.6 -66.25,-61 -66.25,-61.4 -66.25,-61.8 -66.25,-62.2 -66.25,-62.6 -66.25,-63 -66.25,-63 -66.1,-63 -65.95,-63 -65.8,-63 -65.65,-63 -65.5,-63 -65.35,-63 -65.2,-63 -65.05,-63 -64.9,-63 -64.75))"]	["POINT(-61 -65.5)"]	false	false
Roosevelt Island Borehole Firn temperatures	0943466	2018-02-13	Hawley, Robert L.; Clemens-Sewall, David; Giese, Alexandra	Collaborative Research: Deglaciation of the Ross Sea Embayment - constraints from Roosevelt Island	These data are firn temperatures, measured by a meteorological station placed at Roosevelt Island. Thermistors were placed at multiple depths through the upper 20 meters of firn and measured through the course of roughly one year.	["POLYGON((-163 -79,-162.8 -79,-162.6 -79,-162.4 -79,-162.2 -79,-162 -79,-161.8 -79,-161.6 -79,-161.4 -79,-161.2 -79,-161 -79,-161 -79.05,-161 -79.1,-161 -79.15,-161 -79.2,-161 -79.25,-161 -79.3,-161 -79.35,-161 -79.4,-161 -79.45,-161 -79.5,-161.2 -79.5,-161.4 -79.5,-161.6 -79.5,-161.8 -79.5,-162 -79.5,-162.2 -79.5,-162.4 -79.5,-162.6 -79.5,-162.8 -79.5,-163 -79.5,-163 -79.45,-163 -79.4,-163 -79.35,-163 -79.3,-163 -79.25,-163 -79.2,-163 -79.15,-163 -79.1,-163 -79.05,-163 -79))"]	["POINT(-162 -79.25)"]	false	false
WAIS Divide Surface and Snow-pit Data, 2009-2013	1043528	2018-01-16	Fegyveresi, John; Alley, Richard	Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core Collaborative Research: Continued Study of Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core	This dataset includes all surface, snowpit, crust, AWS, and near-surface thermistor data used for analyses and publication "Surface formation, preservation, and history of low-porosity crusts at the WAIS Divide site, West Antarctica" DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1-2018	["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"]	["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"]	false	false
Active Layer Temperatures from Crescent Stream banks, Taylor Valley Antarctica	1246203	2017-12-18	Gooseff, Michael N.	Collaborative Research: THE MCMURDO DRY VALLEYS: A landscape on the Threshold of Change	As a part of the project titled "Collaborative Research: The McMurdo Dry Valleys: A landscape on the threshold of change", we measured ground temperatures from 0-20cm at three stream bank positions (base, mid-slope, and top) at 4 locations along Crescent Stream in Taylor Valley - 2 on the east bank, 2 on the west bank. The goal was to evaluate differences in thermal conduction and temperature dynamics of the active layers of these locations, in particular, in a stream that has undergone extensive bank erosion since 2012 due to permafrost degradation. One of the datalogging stations had significant technical problems and has very little data compared to the almost 2 years of temperature date from the other 3 stations (2015-2017).	["POLYGON((163.1778 -77.6233,163.17792 -77.6233,163.17804 -77.6233,163.17816 -77.6233,163.17828 -77.6233,163.1784 -77.6233,163.17852 -77.6233,163.17864 -77.6233,163.17876 -77.6233,163.17888 -77.6233,163.179 -77.6233,163.179 -77.63331,163.179 -77.64332,163.179 -77.65333,163.179 -77.66334,163.179 -77.67335,163.179 -77.68336,163.179 -77.69337,163.179 -77.70338,163.179 -77.71339,163.179 -77.7234,163.17888 -77.7234,163.17876 -77.7234,163.17864 -77.7234,163.17852 -77.7234,163.1784 -77.7234,163.17828 -77.7234,163.17816 -77.7234,163.17804 -77.7234,163.17792 -77.7234,163.1778 -77.7234,163.1778 -77.71339,163.1778 -77.70338,163.1778 -77.69337,163.1778 -77.68336,163.1778 -77.67335,163.1778 -77.66334,163.1778 -77.65333,163.1778 -77.64332,163.1778 -77.63331,163.1778 -77.6233))"]	["POINT(163.1784 -77.67335)"]	false	false
Sabrina Coast mooring data - sediment trap mooring 2014	1143834	2017-11-15	Huber, Bruce	Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics	Time series of temperature and salinity from a sediment trap mooring deployed during NBP1402 on 04 March 2014 at 66S 11, 122 E 30.2, depth 547 m. The mooring was recovered from Aurora Australis on 26 December 2014	["POINT(120.5 -66.2)"]	["POINT(120.5 -66.2)"]	false	false
NBP1402 Final CTD data	1143834	2017-11-10	Huber, Bruce	Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics	Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) profiles from NBP1402, final, calibrated version. Data are reported as an ascii table suitable for import to Ocean Data View.	["POLYGON((117 -66,119.9 -66,122.8 -66,125.7 -66,128.6 -66,131.5 -66,134.4 -66,137.3 -66,140.2 -66,143.1 -66,146 -66,146 -66.1,146 -66.2,146 -66.3,146 -66.4,146 -66.5,146 -66.6,146 -66.7,146 -66.8,146 -66.9,146 -67,143.1 -67,140.2 -67,137.3 -67,134.4 -67,131.5 -67,128.6 -67,125.7 -67,122.8 -67,119.9 -67,117 -67,117 -66.9,117 -66.8,117 -66.7,117 -66.6,117 -66.5,117 -66.4,117 -66.3,117 -66.2,117 -66.1,117 -66))"]	["POINT(131.5 -66.5)"]	false	false
Data from Schram et al. 2017 MEPS	1041022	2017-10-20	Amsler, Charles; Schram, Julie	The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica		["POLYGON((-64.5 -64.5,-64.45 -64.5,-64.4 -64.5,-64.35 -64.5,-64.3 -64.5,-64.25 -64.5,-64.2 -64.5,-64.15 -64.5,-64.1 -64.5,-64.05 -64.5,-64 -64.5,-64 -64.54,-64 -64.58,-64 -64.62,-64 -64.66,-64 -64.7,-64 -64.74,-64 -64.78,-64 -64.82,-64 -64.86,-64 -64.9,-64.05 -64.9,-64.1 -64.9,-64.15 -64.9,-64.2 -64.9,-64.25 -64.9,-64.3 -64.9,-64.35 -64.9,-64.4 -64.9,-64.45 -64.9,-64.5 -64.9,-64.5 -64.86,-64.5 -64.82,-64.5 -64.78,-64.5 -64.74,-64.5 -64.7,-64.5 -64.66,-64.5 -64.62,-64.5 -64.58,-64.5 -64.54,-64.5 -64.5))"]	["POINT(-64.25 -64.7)"]	false	false
SUMO unmanned aerial system (UAS) atmospheric data	1245737	2017-09-07	Cassano, John	Collaborative Research: Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program 2013-2017	Atmospheric boundary layer temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind profile data collected with the Small Unmanned Meteorological Observer (SUMO) unmanned aerial system (UAS)	["POLYGON((161.714 -77.522,162.6077 -77.522,163.5014 -77.522,164.3951 -77.522,165.2888 -77.522,166.1825 -77.522,167.0762 -77.522,167.9699 -77.522,168.8636 -77.522,169.7573 -77.522,170.651 -77.522,170.651 -77.6702,170.651 -77.8184,170.651 -77.9666,170.651 -78.1148,170.651 -78.263,170.651 -78.4112,170.651 -78.5594,170.651 -78.7076,170.651 -78.8558,170.651 -79.004,169.7573 -79.004,168.8636 -79.004,167.9699 -79.004,167.0762 -79.004,166.1825 -79.004,165.2888 -79.004,164.3951 -79.004,163.5014 -79.004,162.6077 -79.004,161.714 -79.004,161.714 -78.8558,161.714 -78.7076,161.714 -78.5594,161.714 -78.4112,161.714 -78.263,161.714 -78.1148,161.714 -77.9666,161.714 -77.8184,161.714 -77.6702,161.714 -77.522))"]	["POINT(166.1825 -78.263)"]	false	false
Firn-temperature time series in Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica	1142085	2017-09-05	Muto, Atsu	Revealing Late Holocence Climate Variability in Antarctica from Borehole Paleothermometry		["POLYGON((0 -75,5.489 -75,10.978 -75,16.467 -75,21.956 -75,27.445 -75,32.934 -75,38.423 -75,43.912 -75,49.401 -75,54.89 -75,54.89 -75.763,54.89 -76.526,54.89 -77.289,54.89 -78.052,54.89 -78.815,54.89 -79.578,54.89 -80.341,54.89 -81.104,54.89 -81.867,54.89 -82.63,49.401 -82.63,43.912 -82.63,38.423 -82.63,32.934 -82.63,27.445 -82.63,21.956 -82.63,16.467 -82.63,10.978 -82.63,5.489 -82.63,0 -82.63,0 -81.867,0 -81.104,0 -80.341,0 -79.578,0 -78.815,0 -78.052,0 -77.289,0 -76.526,0 -75.763,0 -75))"]	["POINT(27.445 -78.815)"]	false	false
WAIS Divide d18Oatm and Siple Dome/WAIS Divide composite and individual delta epsilon LAND	0538657	2017-08-18	Seltzer, Alan; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.	Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate	This data set contains measurements of d18Oatm (d18O of O2), d15N, dAr/N2, and dO2/N2 in gas bubbles from the WAIS Divide ice core. The time resolution is variable throughout the record but is ~100 years on average (from 65 ka to present). All measurements were made in the Noble Gas Isotope Laboratory at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (La Jolla, CA). The data set includes all replicate measurements as well as replicate-mean values and a calculation of measurement precision (pooled standard deviation). The second sheet of this data set includes fitted d18Oatm curves for the past 50 ka from both the WAIS Divide and Siple Dome Antarctic ice cores, both on the WD2014 timescale (Buizert et al., 2015). The second sheet also includes calculations of the time derivative of d18Oatm and d e LAND in both ice cores individual as well as in a composite record. Details of the entire data set and all relevant methods are provided in Seltzer et al., 2017.	["POLYGON((-113 -79,-112.8 -79,-112.6 -79,-112.4 -79,-112.2 -79,-112 -79,-111.8 -79,-111.6 -79,-111.4 -79,-111.2 -79,-111 -79,-111 -79.1,-111 -79.2,-111 -79.3,-111 -79.4,-111 -79.5,-111 -79.6,-111 -79.7,-111 -79.8,-111 -79.9,-111 -80,-111.2 -80,-111.4 -80,-111.6 -80,-111.8 -80,-112 -80,-112.2 -80,-112.4 -80,-112.6 -80,-112.8 -80,-113 -80,-113 -79.9,-113 -79.8,-113 -79.7,-113 -79.6,-113 -79.5,-113 -79.4,-113 -79.3,-113 -79.2,-113 -79.1,-113 -79))"]	["POINT(-112 -79.5)"]	false	false
Holocene Black Carbon in Antarctica	0839093	2017-06-19	McConnell, Joseph; Arienzo, Monica	Collaborative Research: Integrated High Resolution Chemical and Biological Measurements on the Deep WAIS Divide Core	Black carbon (BC) and other biomass-burning (BB) aerosols are critical components of climate forcing but quantification, predictive climate modeling, and policy decisions have been hampered by limited understanding of the climate drivers of BB and by the lack of long-term records. Prior modeling studies suggested that increased Northern Hemisphere anthropogenic BC emissions increased recent temperatures and regional precipitation, including a northward shift in the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Two Antarctic ice cores were analyzed for BC and the longest record shows that the highest BC deposition during the Holocene occurred ~8-6k years before present in a period of relatively high austral burning season and low growing season insolation. Atmospheric transport modeling suggests South America (SA) as the dominant source of modern Antarctic BC and, consistent with the ice-core record, climate model experiments using mid-Holocene and preindustrial insolation simulate comparable increases in carbon loss due to fires in SA during the mid-Holocene. SA climate proxies document a northward shifted ITCZ and weakened SA Summer Monsoon (SASM) during this period, with associated impacts on hydroclimate and burning. A second Antarctic ice core spanning the last 2.5k years documents similar linkages between hydroclimate and BC, with the lowest deposition during the Little Ice Age characterized by a southerly shifted ITCZ and strengthened SASM. These new results indicate that insolation-driven changes in SA hydroclimate and BB, likely linked to the position of the ITCZ, modulated Antarctic BC deposition during most of the Holocene and suggests connections and feedbacks between future BC emissions and hydroclimate.	["POLYGON((161.41425 -77.73489,161.486884 -77.73489,161.559518 -77.73489,161.632152 -77.73489,161.704786 -77.73489,161.77742 -77.73489,161.850054 -77.73489,161.922688 -77.73489,161.995322 -77.73489,162.067956 -77.73489,162.14059 -77.73489,162.14059 -77.747868,162.14059 -77.760846,162.14059 -77.773824,162.14059 -77.786802,162.14059 -77.79978,162.14059 -77.812758,162.14059 -77.825736,162.14059 -77.838714,162.14059 -77.851692,162.14059 -77.86467,162.067956 -77.86467,161.995322 -77.86467,161.922688 -77.86467,161.850054 -77.86467,161.77742 -77.86467,161.704786 -77.86467,161.632152 -77.86467,161.559518 -77.86467,161.486884 -77.86467,161.41425 -77.86467,161.41425 -77.851692,161.41425 -77.838714,161.41425 -77.825736,161.41425 -77.812758,161.41425 -77.79978,161.41425 -77.786802,161.41425 -77.773824,161.41425 -77.760846,161.41425 -77.747868,161.41425 -77.73489))"]	["POINT(161.77742 -77.79978)"]	false	false
Rebreather Testing for the United States Antarctic Scientific Diving Program	1553824	2017-05-12	Heine, John	Rebreather Testing for the United States Antarctic Scientific Diving Program	Overall dataset and specific temperature data for a number of different rebreather models.	["POLYGON((163 -78,163.4 -78,163.8 -78,164.2 -78,164.6 -78,165 -78,165.4 -78,165.8 -78,166.2 -78,166.6 -78,167 -78,167 -78.05,167 -78.1,167 -78.15,167 -78.2,167 -78.25,167 -78.3,167 -78.35,167 -78.4,167 -78.45,167 -78.5,166.6 -78.5,166.2 -78.5,165.8 -78.5,165.4 -78.5,165 -78.5,164.6 -78.5,164.2 -78.5,163.8 -78.5,163.4 -78.5,163 -78.5,163 -78.45,163 -78.4,163 -78.35,163 -78.3,163 -78.25,163 -78.2,163 -78.15,163 -78.1,163 -78.05,163 -78))"]	["POINT(165 -78.25)"]	false	false
Temperature Reconstruction at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide	0539232	2017-01-12	Cuffey, Kurt M.	Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core	This dataset contains the temperature reconstruction at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide reported by Cuffey et al. (2016) in PNAS. Five files contain 1) the primary reconstruction (Eq. 2 of that publication), combining information from borehole temperatures, deuterium isotopic content of ice, and nitrogen-15 content of trapped diatomic nitrogen gas; 2) the primary reconstruction with higher-frequency content restored; 3) the lower limit of the primary reconstruction; 4) the upper limit of the primary reconstruction; and 5) and the primary reconstruction with added perturbations.	["POINT(-112.083 -79.467)"]	["POINT(-112.083 -79.467)"]	false	false
Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos	1141877	2017-01-10	Aronson, Richard	Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos	Elevated temperatures and ocean acidification are both threatening the Southern Ocean. The effects of these environmental changes are poorly understood, but preliminary data suggest that they are driving a biological invasion. Specifically, large populations of skeleton-crushing king crabs, Paralomis birsteini, have been detected off Marguerite Bay on the West Antarctic Peninsula. These crabs appear to be invading the continental shelf region where benthic communities have evolved in the absence of such top-predators. Thus, this invasion could result in a wholesale restructuring of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem. The proposed work seeks to document this invasion and better understand the effects of the introduction of P. birsteini on the ecology of this region. A towed underwater vehicle will be used to photographically image communities, and communities with and without P. birsteini will be compared quantitatively. Additionally, crabs will trapped and various aspects of their morphology and physiology will be assessed. This research is unique in that it will document a biological invasion in real-time and it will therefore enhance our general understandings of the drivers of invasion and resilience in biological communities. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of undergraduate and graduate students and will foster an international collaboration with British scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach thorough the development of K-12 curricular materials.	[]	[]	false	false
Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory: Operations, Science and Outreach (MEVO-OSO)	1142083	2016-12-03	Oppenheimer, Clive; Kyle, Philip	Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory: Operations, Science and Outreach (MEVO-OSO)	Mt. Erebus is one of only a handful of volcanoes worldwide that have lava lakes with readily observable and nearly continuous Strombolian explosive activity. Erebus is also unique in having a permanent convecting lava lake of anorthoclase phonolite magma. Over the years significant infrastructure has been established at the summit of Mt. Erebus as part of the Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory (MEVO), which serves as a natural laboratory to study a wide range of volcanic processes, especially magma degassing associated with an open convecting magma conduit. The PI proposes to continue operating MEVO for a further five years. The fundamental fundamental research objectives are: to understand diffuse flank degassing by using distributed temperature sensing and gas measurements in ice caves, to understand conduit processes, and to examine the environmental impact of volcanic emissions from Erebus on atmospheric and cryospheric environments. To examine conduit processes the PI will make simultaneous observations with video records, thermal imaging, measurements of gas emission rates and gas compositions, seismic, and infrasound data. An important aspect of Erebus research is the education and training of students. Both graduate and undergraduate students will have the opportunity to work on MEVO data and deploy to the field site. In addition, this proposal will support a middle or high school science teacher for two field seasons. The PI will also continue working with various media organizations and filmmakers. This dataset contains video taken from a series of cameras that were installed at Shackleton's Cairn (-77.525337, 167.157509) looking into the lava lake. This dataset contains all such video taken between 2005 and 2011. Camera downlink depended on power at a relay station at the Cones site. The camera was operational during G-081 field seasons and often for a period of weeks or months thereafter.	["POINT(167.15334 -77.529724)"]	["POINT(167.15334 -77.529724)"]	false	false
Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos	1141877	2016-01-01	Aronson, Richard	Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos	Elevated temperatures and ocean acidification are both threatening the Southern Ocean. The effects of these environmental changes are poorly understood, but preliminary data suggest that they are driving a biological invasion. Specifically, large populations of skeleton-crushing king crabs, Paralomis birsteini, have been detected off Marguerite Bay on the West Antarctic Peninsula. These crabs appear to be invading the continental shelf region where benthic communities have evolved in the absence of such top-predators. Thus, this invasion could result in a wholesale restructuring of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem. The proposed work seeks to document this invasion and better understand the effects of the introduction of P. birsteini on the ecology of this region. A towed underwater vehicle will be used to photographically image communities, and communities with and without P. birsteini will be compared quantitatively. Additionally, crabs will trapped and various aspects of their morphology and physiology will be assessed. This research is unique in that it will document a biological invasion in real-time and it will therefore enhance our general understandings of the drivers of invasion and resilience in biological communities. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of undergraduate and graduate students and will foster an international collaboration with British scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach thorough the development of K-12 curricular materials.	["POLYGON((-111.18 -49.98,-105.429 -49.98,-99.678 -49.98,-93.927 -49.98,-88.176 -49.98,-82.425 -49.98,-76.674 -49.98,-70.923 -49.98,-65.172 -49.98,-59.421 -49.98,-53.67 -49.98,-53.67 -52.826,-53.67 -55.672,-53.67 -58.518,-53.67 -61.364,-53.67 -64.21,-53.67 -67.056,-53.67 -69.902,-53.67 -72.748,-53.67 -75.594,-53.67 -78.44,-59.421 -78.44,-65.172 -78.44,-70.923 -78.44,-76.674 -78.44,-82.425 -78.44,-88.176 -78.44,-93.927 -78.44,-99.678 -78.44,-105.429 -78.44,-111.18 -78.44,-111.18 -75.594,-111.18 -72.748,-111.18 -69.902,-111.18 -67.056,-111.18 -64.21,-111.18 -61.364,-111.18 -58.518,-111.18 -55.672,-111.18 -52.826,-111.18 -49.98))"]	["POINT(-82.425 -64.21)"]	false	false
Tomographic Imaging of the Velocity and Magnetic Fields in the Sun's Atmosphere	0632399	2016-01-01	Jefferies, Stuart M.	Tomographic Imaging of the Velocity and Magnetic Fields in the Sun's Atmosphere	The ultimate goal of this project is to determine the structure and dynamics of the Sun's atmosphere, assess the role of MHD waves in heating the chromosphere/corona and driving the solar wind, and better understand how the Sun's atmosphere couples to the solar interior. As the solar atmosphere is 'home' to many of the solar phenomena that can have a direct impact on the biosphere, including flares, coronal mass ejections, and the solar wind, the broader impact of such studies is that they will lead to an improved understanding of the Sun-Earth connection. Under the current award we have developed a suite of instruments that can simultaneously image the line-of-sight Doppler velocity and longitudinal magnetic field at four heights in the solar atmosphere at high temporal cadence. The instruments use magneto-optical filters (see Cacciani, Moretti and Rodgers, Solar Physics 174, p.115, 2004) tuned to the solar absorption lines at 422 nm (Ca I), 589 nm (Na D2), 770 nm (K) and 1083 nm (He). These lines sample the solar atmosphere from the mid-photosphere to the high-chromosphere. A proof-of-concept run was made in the Austral summer of 2007/2008 using the Na and K versions of the instruments. Here we recorded over 40 hours of full-disk, intensity images of the Sun in the red and blue wings of the Na and K Fraunhofer lines, in both right- and left-circularly polarized light. The images were obtained at a rate of one every five seconds with a nominal spatial resolution of 4 arc-seconds. The run started at 09:44 UT on February 2, 2008 and ended at 03:30 UT on February 4, 2008. Data Quality Assessment: The temperature controls of the instrument housings were unable to fully compensate for the harse Antartic winds encountered during the observing run. This led to large (~15 C) temperature swings which adversely affected the instruments (and thus data quality) in two ways: 1) Crystals of Na and K were deposited on the magneto-optical filter windows leading to "hot spots" in the images. These "hot spots" come and go with time as the temperature changes. 2) The changing temperature caused the optical rails to contract and expand causing the final images to go in- and out-of-focus, thus reducing the resolution to greater than 4 arc-seconds. Both these effect are worse in the K data. Despite these problems, the intensity images can be combined to provide magnetic images that show a very high sensitivity (< 5 Gauss in a 5 second integration). Data Description: The raw data are stored as a series of 1024x1024x4 FITS images. The format is: blue image (left circulary polarized light), blue image (right circularly polarized light), red image (left circulary polarized light), red image (right circularly polarized light). The naming convention for the images is: Type_Instrument_Day_hour_minutes_seconds where Type is I (intensity), F (flatfield), D (dark) Instrument is 0 (Na), 1 (K) Day is the day number from the beginning of the year where January 1 is day 0 For example, I_0_32_12_34_40.fits is an intensity image taken with the Na instrument at 12:34.40 UT on February 2, 2008. Notes: 1) The flatfield images were acquired by moving a diffuser in front of the Sun during the integration. The resulting images therefore have to be corrected for residual low-spatial frequencies due to the non-flat nature of the light source. 2) Each FITS file header contains a variety of information on the observation, e.g., F_CNTO : number of summed frames in each 5 second integration () FPS : Camera frame rate (Frames Per Second) FLIP : Rate at which the half-wave rotator (magnetic switch) was switched INT_PER : Integration time (in seconds) MOF : Temperature of magneto-optical filter cell WS : Temperature of wing selector cell TEMP_0 : Temperature of camera 0 TEMP_1 : Temperature of camera 1 TEMP_2 : Temperature inside instrument (location 1) TEMP_3 : Temperature of narrowband filter TEMP_5 : Temperature of magnets surrounding MOF cell TEMP_6 : Temperature inside instrument (location 2) TEMP_7 : Temperature of housing for magnetic switch () This is the frame count for the camera. The number of frames in each image for the two different polarization states, is half this number. The measured temperatures are only coarse measurements. 3) Due to reflection in the final polarizing beam splitter (which separates the "red" and "blue" signals into the two cameras), the camera 1 data need to "reversed" along the x-axis (i.e. listed as [1024:1] instead of [1:1024]) 4) Line-of-sight velocity and magnetic field images are generated from the observed intensity images. Doppler images as (red-blue)/(red+blue), magnetic images as the difference between the Doppler images for right- and left-circularly polarized light.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Decoding & Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs	1043580	2016-01-01	Reusch, David	Collaborative Research: Decoding & Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs	The presence of ice ponds from surface melting of glacial ice can be a significant threshold in assessing the stability of ice sheets, and their overall response to a warming climate. Snow melt has a much reduced albedo, leading to additional seasonal melting from warming insolation. Water run-off not only contributes to the mass loss of ice sheets directly, but meltwater reaching the glacial ice bed may lubricate faster flow of ice sheets towards the ocean. Surficial meltwater may also reach the grounding lines of glacial ice through the wedging open of existing crevasses. The occurrence and amount of meltwater refreeze has even been suggested as a paleo proxy of near-surface atmospheric temperature regimes. Using contemporary remote sensing (microwave) satellite assessment of surface melt occurrence and extent, the predictive skill of regional meteorological models and reanalyses (e.g. WRF, ERA-Interim) to describe the synoptic conditions favourable to surficial melt is to be investigated. Statistical approaches and pattern recognition techniques are argued to provide a context for projecting future ice sheet change. The previous Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4) commented on our lack of understanding of ice-sheet mass balance processes in polar regions and the potential for sea-level change. The IPPC suggested that the forthcoming AR5 efforts highlight regional cryosphere modeling efforts, such as is proposed here.	["POLYGON((-180 -47,-144 -47,-108 -47,-72 -47,-36 -47,0 -47,36 -47,72 -47,108 -47,144 -47,180 -47,180 -51.3,180 -55.6,180 -59.9,180 -64.2,180 -68.5,180 -72.8,180 -77.1,180 -81.4,180 -85.7,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -85.7,-180 -81.4,-180 -77.1,-180 -72.8,-180 -68.5,-180 -64.2,-180 -59.9,-180 -55.6,-180 -51.3,-180 -47))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Ultra-High Resolution LA-ICP-MS Results: DO-21 Rapid Warming Event	0538657	2015-10-27	Haines, Skylar; Mayewski, Paul A.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.	Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate	This data set contains the results of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) performed on an archive of the GISP2 ice core containing the rapid climate warming of Dansgaard-Oeschger Event 21.	["POINT(-38.5 -76.2)"]	["POINT(-38.5 -76.2)"]	false	false
Low-res d15N and d18O of O2 in the WAIS Divide 06A Deep Core	0538657	2015-10-20	Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.	Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate	This data set is a low-resolution set of measurements of d15N of N2 and d18O of O2, along with dO2/N and dAr/N2 supporting data, in the WAIS Divide 3405 m long ice core recovered in 2011. Data are distributed via FTP.	["POINT(-112.08 -79.47)"]	["POINT(-112.08 -79.47)"]	false	false
Borehole Temperatures at Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica	0732730	2015-07-31	Truffer, Martin; Stanton, Timothy	Collaborative Research; IPY: Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica	This data set is a time series of borehole temperatures at different depths from three thermistor strings deployed in three boreholes drilled through the Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, Antarctica.	["POINT(-100.5 -75.1)"]	["POINT(-100.5 -75.1)"]	false	false
Surface Temperature Reconstruction from Borehole Temperature Measurement in WDC05A	0440701	2015-06-08	Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Orsi, Anais J.	Collaborative Research: Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the Proposed WAIS Divide Drilling Site	This data set shows the modeled surface temperature reconstruction from an inversion of the 300 m WDC05A borehole at the West Antarctic Divide Ice core site.	["POINT(-112.125 -79.463)"]	["POINT(-112.125 -79.463)"]	false	false
Borehole Temperature Measurement in WDC05A in January 2008 and January 2009	0538657	2015-06-08	Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Orsi, Anais J.	Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate	This data set includes borehole temperature measurements performed in January 2008 and January 2009 at the West Antarctic Ice sheet divide from the 300 m hole WDC05A.	["POINT(-112.125 -79.463)"]	["POINT(-112.125 -79.463)"]	false	false
Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing at Windless Bight	1043154 1043395 1043217	2015-05-05	Holland, David; Tyler, Scott W.; Zagorodnov, Victor	Collaborative Research: Application of Distributed Temperature Sensors (DTS) for Antarctic Ice Shelves and Cavities	Fiber-optic equipped moorings for Raman backscatter Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) were installed at Windless Bight, Antarctica in November 2011. Continuous-in-space measurements of temperature were recorded every meter along the mooring.	["POINT(167.5333 -77.76667)"]	["POINT(167.5333 -77.76667)"]	false	false
Annual Satellite Era Accumulation Patterns Over WAIS Divide: A Study Using Shallow Ice Cores, Near-Surface Radars and Satellites	0944653	2015-01-01	Forster, Richard	Collaborative Research: Annual satellite era accumulation patterns over WAIS Divide: A study using shallow ice cores, near-surface radars and satellites	This award supports a project to broaden the knowledge of annual accumulation patterns over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet by processing existing near-surface radar data taken on the US ITASE traverse in 2000 and by gathering and validating new ultra/super-high-frequency (UHF) radar images of near surface layers (to depths of ~15 m), expanding abilities to monitor recent annual accumulation patterns from point source ice cores to radar lines. Shallow (15 m) ice cores will be collected in conjunction with UHF radar images to confirm that radar echoed returns correspond with annual layers, and/or sub-annual density changes in the near-surface snow, as determined from ice core stable isotopes. This project will additionally improve accumulation monitoring from space-borne instruments by comparing the spatial-radar-derived-annual accumulation time series to the passive microwave time series dating back over 3 decades and covering most of Antarctica. The intellectual merit of this project is that mapping the spatial and temporal variations in accumulation rates over the Antarctic ice sheet is essential for understanding ice sheet responses to climate forcing. Antarctic precipitation rate is projected to increase up to 20% in the coming century from the predicted warming. Accumulation is a key component for determining ice sheet mass balance and, hence, sea level rise, yet our ability to measure annual accumulation variability over the past 5 decades (satellite era) is mostly limited to point-source ice cores. Developing a radar and ice core derived annual accumulation dataset will provide validation data for space-born remote sensing algorithms, climate models and, additionally, establish accumulation trends. The broader impacts of the project are that it will advance discovery and understanding within the climatology, glaciology and remote sensing communities by verifying the use of UHF radars to monitor annual layers as determined by visual, chemical and isotopic analysis from corresponding shallow ice cores and will provide a dataset of annual to near-annual accumulation measurements over the past ~5 decades across WAIS divide from existing radar data and proposed radar data. By determining if temporal changes in the passive microwave signal are correlated with temporal changes in accumulation will help assess the utility of passive microwave remote sensing to monitor accumulation rates over ice sheets for future decades. The project will promote teaching, training and learning, and increase representation of underrepresented groups by becoming involved in the NASA History of Winter project and Thermochron Mission and by providing K-12 teachers with training to monitor snow accumulation and temperature here in the US, linking polar research to the student's backyard. The project will train both undergraduate and graduate students in polar research and will encouraging young investigators to become involved in careers in science. In particular, two REU students will participate in original research projects as part of this larger project, from development of a hypothesis to presentation and publication of the results. The support of a new, young woman scientist will help to increase gender diversity in polar research.	["POLYGON((-119.4 -78.1,-118.46 -78.1,-117.52 -78.1,-116.58 -78.1,-115.64 -78.1,-114.7 -78.1,-113.76 -78.1,-112.82 -78.1,-111.88 -78.1,-110.94 -78.1,-110 -78.1,-110 -78.29,-110 -78.48,-110 -78.67,-110 -78.86,-110 -79.05,-110 -79.24,-110 -79.43,-110 -79.62,-110 -79.81,-110 -80,-110.94 -80,-111.88 -80,-112.82 -80,-113.76 -80,-114.7 -80,-115.64 -80,-116.58 -80,-117.52 -80,-118.46 -80,-119.4 -80,-119.4 -79.81,-119.4 -79.62,-119.4 -79.43,-119.4 -79.24,-119.4 -79.05,-119.4 -78.86,-119.4 -78.67,-119.4 -78.48,-119.4 -78.29,-119.4 -78.1))"]	["POINT(-114.7 -79.05)"]	false	false
Zircon Hf Isotopes and the Continental Evolution of Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica	1142156	2015-01-01	Marschall, Horst	Zircon Hf Isotopes and the Continental Evolution of Dronning Maud Land, East Antacrtica	Geochemical studies of single mineral grains in rocks can be probed to reconstruct the history of our planet. The mineral zircon (ZrSiO4) is of unique importance in that respect because of its reliability as a geologic clock due to its strong persistence against weathering, transport and changes in temperature and pressure. Uranium-Lead (U-Pb) dating of zircon grains is, perhaps, the most frequently employed method of extracting time information on geologic processes that shaped the continental crust, and has been used to constrain the evolution of continents and mountain belts through time. In addition, the isotopic composition of the element Hafnium (Hf) in zircon is used to date when the continental crust was generated by extraction of magma from the underlying mantle. Melting of rocks in the mantle and deep in the continental crust are key processes in the evolution of the continents, and they are recorded in the Hf isotopic signatures of zircon. Although the analytical procedures for U-Pb dating and Hf isotope analyses of zircon are robust now, our understanding of zircon growth and its exchange of elements and isotopes with its surrounding rock or magma are still underdeveloped. The focus of the proposed study, therefore, is to unravel the evolution of zircon Hf isotopes in rocks that were formed deep in the Earth's crust, and more specifically, to apply these isotopic methods to rocks collected in Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica. Dronning Maud Land (DML) occupied a central location during the formation of supercontinents - large landmasses made up of all the continents that exist today - more than 500 million years ago. It is currently thought that supercontinents were formed and dismembered five or six times throughout Earth's history. The area of DML is key for understanding the formation history of the last two supercontinents. The boundaries of continents that were merged to form those supercontinents are most likely hidden in DML. In this study, the isotopic composition of zircon grains recovered from DML rocks will be employed to identify these boundaries across an extensive section through the area. The rock samples were collected by the investigator during a two-month expedition to Antarctica in the austral summer of 2007-2008. The results of dating and isotope analyses of zircon of the different DML crustal domains will deliver significant insight into the regional geology of East Antarctica and its previous northern extension into Africa. This has significance for the reconstruction of the supercontinents and defining the continental boundaries in DML.	["POLYGON((-6.44 -71.93,-5.378 -71.93,-4.316 -71.93,-3.254 -71.93,-2.192 -71.93,-1.13 -71.93,-0.068 -71.93,0.994 -71.93,2.056 -71.93,3.118 -71.93,4.18 -71.93,4.18 -71.998,4.18 -72.066,4.18 -72.134,4.18 -72.202,4.18 -72.27,4.18 -72.338,4.18 -72.406,4.18 -72.474,4.18 -72.542,4.18 -72.61,3.118 -72.61,2.056 -72.61,0.994 -72.61,-0.068 -72.61,-1.13 -72.61,-2.192 -72.61,-3.254 -72.61,-4.316 -72.61,-5.378 -72.61,-6.44 -72.61,-6.44 -72.542,-6.44 -72.474,-6.44 -72.406,-6.44 -72.338,-6.44 -72.27,-6.44 -72.202,-6.44 -72.134,-6.44 -72.066,-6.44 -71.998,-6.44 -71.93))"]	["POINT(-1.13 -72.27)"]	false	false
Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice (1142010)	1142010	2015-01-01	Talghader, Joseph	Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice	This award supports a project to combine the expertise of both glaciologists and optical engineers to develop polarization- preserving optical scattering techniques for borehole tools to identify changes in high-resolution crystal structure (fabric) and dust content of glacial ice. The intellectual merit of this work is that the fabric and impurity content of the ice contain details on climate, volcanic activity and ice flow history. Such fabric measurements are currently taken by slicing an ice core into sections after it has started to depressurize which is an extremely time-intensive process that damages the core and does not always preserve the properties of ice in its in-situ state. In addition the ice core usually must be consumed in order to measure the components of the dust. The fabric measurements of this study utilize the concept that singly-scattered light in ice preserves most of its polarization when it is backscattered once from bubbles or dust; therefore, changes to the polarization of singly-backscattered light must originate with the birefringence. Measurements based on this concept will enable this program to obtain continuous records of fabric and correlate them to chronology and dust content. The project will also develop advanced borehole instruments to replace current logging tools, which require optical sources, detectors and power cables to be submerged in borehole fluid and lowered into the ice sheet at temperatures of -50oC. The use of telecommunications fiber will allow all sources and detectors to remain at the surface and enable low-noise signal processing techniques such as lock-in amplification that increase signal integrity and reduce needed power. Further, fiber logging systems would be much smaller and more flexible than current tools and capable of navigating most boreholes without a heavy winch. In order to assess fabric in situ and test fiber-optic borehole tools, field measurements will be made at WAIS Divide and a deep log will also be made at Siple Dome, both in West Antarctica. If successful, the broader impacts of the proposed research would include the development of new analytical methods and lightweight logging tools for ice drilling research that can operate in boreholes drilled in ice. Eventually the work could result in the development of better prehistoric records of glacier flow, atmospheric particulates, precipitation, and climate forcing. The project encompasses a broad base of theoretical, experimental, and design work, which makes it ideal for training graduate students and advanced undergraduates. Collaboration with schools and classroom teachers will help bring aspects of optics, climate, and polar science to an existing Middle School curriculum.	["POLYGON((-148.81 -79.42,-145.111 -79.42,-141.412 -79.42,-137.713 -79.42,-134.014 -79.42,-130.315 -79.42,-126.616 -79.42,-122.917 -79.42,-119.218 -79.42,-115.519 -79.42,-111.82 -79.42,-111.82 -79.643,-111.82 -79.866,-111.82 -80.089,-111.82 -80.312,-111.82 -80.535,-111.82 -80.758,-111.82 -80.981,-111.82 -81.204,-111.82 -81.427,-111.82 -81.65,-115.519 -81.65,-119.218 -81.65,-122.917 -81.65,-126.616 -81.65,-130.315 -81.65,-134.014 -81.65,-137.713 -81.65,-141.412 -81.65,-145.111 -81.65,-148.81 -81.65,-148.81 -81.427,-148.81 -81.204,-148.81 -80.981,-148.81 -80.758,-148.81 -80.535,-148.81 -80.312,-148.81 -80.089,-148.81 -79.866,-148.81 -79.643,-148.81 -79.42))"]	["POINT(-130.315 -80.535)"]	false	false
The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica	1041022	2015-01-01	McClintock, James; Amsler, Charles; Angus, Robert	The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica	The research will investigate the individual and combined effects of rising ocean acidification and sea surface temperatures on shallow-water calcified benthic organisms in western Antarctic Peninsular (WAP) marine communities. The Southern Ocean is predicted to become undersaturated in terms of both aragonite and calcite within 50 and 100 years, respectively, challenging calcification processes. Adding to the problem, antarctic calcified benthic marine organisms are more vulnerable to ocean acidification than temperate and tropical species because they are generally weakly calcified. Many antarctic organisms are essentially stenothermal, and those in the West Antarctic Peninsula are being subjected to rising seawater temperatures. The project employs both single-species and multi-species level approaches to evaluating the impacts of rising ocean acidification and seawater temperature on representative calcified and non-calcified macroalgae, on calcified and non-calcified mesograzers, and on a calcified macro-grazer, all of which are important ecological players in the rich benthic communities. Multi-species analysis will focus on the diverse assemblage of amphipods and mesogastropods that are associated with dominant macroalgae that collectively play a key role in community dynamics along the WAP. The project will support undergraduate research, both through NSF programs, as well as home university-based programs, some designed to enhance the representation of minorities in the sciences. The principal investigators also will support and foster graduate education through mentoring of graduate students. Through their highly successful UAB IN ANTARCTICA interactive web program, they will continue to involve large numbers of teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large in their scientific endeavors in Antarctica.	["POLYGON((-79 -60,-76.4 -60,-73.8 -60,-71.2 -60,-68.6 -60,-66 -60,-63.4 -60,-60.8 -60,-58.2 -60,-55.6 -60,-53 -60,-53 -61,-53 -62,-53 -63,-53 -64,-53 -65,-53 -66,-53 -67,-53 -68,-53 -69,-53 -70,-55.6 -70,-58.2 -70,-60.8 -70,-63.4 -70,-66 -70,-68.6 -70,-71.2 -70,-73.8 -70,-76.4 -70,-79 -70,-79 -69,-79 -68,-79 -67,-79 -66,-79 -65,-79 -64,-79 -63,-79 -62,-79 -61,-79 -60))"]	["POINT(-66 -65)"]	false	false
Bubble Number-density Data and Modeled Paleoclimates	0539578	2014-08-14	Alley, Richard; Fegyveresi, John	No project link provided	This data set includes bubble number-density measured at depths from 120 meters to 560 meters at 20-meter intervals in both horizontal and vertical samples. The data set also includes modeled temperature reconstructions based on the model developed by Spencer and others (2006).	["POINT(-112.3 -79.433333)"]	["POINT(-112.3 -79.433333)"]	false	false
High-resolution Atmospheric CO2 during 7.4-9.0 ka	0944764	2014-06-25	Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho	Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change	This data set provides a new CO2 record from the Siple Dome ice core, Antarctica, that covers 7.4-9.0 ka (thousand years) with 8- to 16-year resolution. A small, about 1-2 ppm, increase of atmospheric CO2 during the 8.2 ka event was observed. The increase is not significant when compared to other centennial variations in the Holocene that are not linked to large temperature changes. The results do not agree with leaf stomata records that suggest a CO2 decrease of up to ~25 ppm and imply that the sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 to the primarily northern hemisphere cooling of the 8.2 ka event was limited.	["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"]	["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"]	false	false
Temperature Profile of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Deep Borehole	0539232	2014-04-30	Cuffey, Kurt M.; Clow, Gary D.	Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core	This data set reports depth versus temperatures in the fluid-filled portion of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS–D) deep borehole (70 to 3328 meters depth). Data were acquired on December 5, 2011 and have been post-processed to convert resistance to temperature.	["POINT(-112.0865 -79.4676)"]	["POINT(-112.0865 -79.4676)"]	false	false
Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea	0838937	2014-01-01	Costa, Daniel	Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea	Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal's diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts.	["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"]	["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"]	false	false
Fate of Drilling Fluids during the South McMurdo Sound Project (SMS) of the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL)	1043740	2014-01-01	Lenczewski, Melissa	Fate of Drilling Fluids during the South McMurdo Sound Project (SMS) of the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL)	The PI proposes to utilize computer models used by hydrogeologists to establish the fate and transport of contamination and determine the extent of drilling fluid contamination in the ANDRILL SMS core. For these models, previously collected logs of lithology, porosity, fracture density, fracture type, fracture orientation, drilling fluid loss, drilling fluid characteristics and temperature will be used as input parameters. In addition, biodegradation and sorption constants for the drilling fluid will be determined and incorporated into the models. Samples of drilling fluids used during coring as well as the return fluids were collected at the drill site using standard microbiological sampling techniques. Fluids will be tested at in situ temperatures under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to determine biodegradation constants. Sorption will be determined between the drilling fluids and core samples using standard isotherm methods. Geochemical and microbial fingerprints of the fluids and the changes during biodegradation will determine the potential impact of the drilling fluids on the isolated microbial communities and the geochemistry within various subsurface lithologic units beneath the southern McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. The results of this study could potentially provide guidelines on developing less detrimental methods for future exploration, if deemed necessary through this research. This proposed project will train a graduate student. The methods developed for analyses of samples in this project will serve as a guide for future studies of similar interest and will improve the understanding of ecological impacts of geologic drilling in Antarctica. The results of this study will be used as a reference for comparison with future studies examining newly developed, and improved, sample collection methods in future exploratory drilling projects in pristine environments. The PI is new to Antarctic research.	["POLYGON((165 -77.5,165.3 -77.5,165.6 -77.5,165.9 -77.5,166.2 -77.5,166.5 -77.5,166.8 -77.5,167.1 -77.5,167.4 -77.5,167.7 -77.5,168 -77.5,168 -77.6,168 -77.7,168 -77.8,168 -77.9,168 -78,168 -78.1,168 -78.2,168 -78.3,168 -78.4,168 -78.5,167.7 -78.5,167.4 -78.5,167.1 -78.5,166.8 -78.5,166.5 -78.5,166.2 -78.5,165.9 -78.5,165.6 -78.5,165.3 -78.5,165 -78.5,165 -78.4,165 -78.3,165 -78.2,165 -78.1,165 -78,165 -77.9,165 -77.8,165 -77.7,165 -77.6,165 -77.5))"]	["POINT(166.5 -78)"]	false	false
Validating contrasting terrestrial climate-sensitive Pliocene deposits through high resolution modeling of paleo-environments in the Transantarctic Mountains	1354231	2014-01-01	Kowalewski, Douglas	Validating contrasting terrestrial climate-sensitive Pliocene deposits through high resolution modeling of paleo-environments in the Transantarctic Mountains	Intellectual Merit: Neogene sediment records recovered by ANDRILL suggest multiple events of open water conditions and elevated sea surface temperatures at times when terrestrial data from the McMurdo Dry Valleys indicate hyper arid, cold, desert conditions. Interpretation of the ANDRILL data suggests the West Antarctic Ice Sheet is highly sensitive to changes in Pliocene sea surface temperatures and this conclusion has been supported by recent Global Circulation Model results for the early to mid Pliocene. The PIs propose to model paleo-ice configurations and warm orbits associated with a WAIS collapse to assess potential climate change in East Antarctica. During such episodes of polar warmth they propose to answer: What is the limit of ablation along the East Antarctic Ice Sheet?; Are relict landforms in the Dry Valleys susceptible to modification from increase in maximum summertime temperatures?; and Is there sufficient increase in minimum wintertime temperatures to sustain a tundra environment in the Dry Valleys? Integration of depositional records and model outputs have the potential to test the performance of numerical models currently under development as part of ANDRILL; reconcile inconsistencies between marine and terrestrial paleoclimate records in high Southern Latitudes; and improve understanding of Antarctic climate and ice volume sensitivity to forcing for both the East Antarctic and West Antarctic Ice Sheets. Broader impacts: Results from this study have the potential to be used widely by the research community. Outreach to local elementary schools from other funded efforts will continue and be extended to homeschooled students. A Post Doc will be supported as part of this award.	["POLYGON((-160 -70,-156 -70,-152 -70,-148 -70,-144 -70,-140 -70,-136 -70,-132 -70,-128 -70,-124 -70,-120 -70,-120 -71.5,-120 -73,-120 -74.5,-120 -76,-120 -77.5,-120 -79,-120 -80.5,-120 -82,-120 -83.5,-120 -85,-124 -85,-128 -85,-132 -85,-136 -85,-140 -85,-144 -85,-148 -85,-152 -85,-156 -85,-160 -85,-160 -83.5,-160 -82,-160 -80.5,-160 -79,-160 -77.5,-160 -76,-160 -74.5,-160 -73,-160 -71.5,-160 -70))"]	["POINT(-140 -77.5)"]	false	false
Impact of Rising Oceanic Temperatures on the Embryonic Development of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	1019305	2014-01-01	Grim, Jeffrey	PostDoctoral Research Fellowship	Survival of Antarctic notothenioid fishes in the context of global climate change will depend upon the impact of rising oceanic temperatures on their embryonic development, yet little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this complex suite of processes. Many notothenioids are characterized by secondary pelagicism, which enables them to exploit food sources in the water column and is supported in part by skeletal pedomorphism. Here the PI proposes to examine the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate notothenioid skeletal pedomorphism. The research objectives are : 1) To quantify and localize ROS production and identify the point(s) of origin of ROS production in embryonic Antarctic fishes that differ in skeletal phenotypes 2) To determine whether the time course of embryogenesis and the extent of osteological development in embryonic Antarctic fishes can be altered by changing the oxidative status of the animal during embryogenesis 3) To evaluate whether transgenic alteration of oxidative status can induce skeletal pedomorphism in a fish model. Broader Impacts will include teaching undergraduate lectures, recruiting undergraduate students to help with lab analyses (and possibly field work), lectures and demonstrations to high school students, and allowing secondary educators access to personal photos and videos of research animals for curriculum development.	[]	[]	false	false
Abrupt Change in Atmospheric CO2 During the Last Ice Age	0944764	2013-08-08	Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho	Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change	During the last glacial period atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature in Antarctica varied in a similar fashion on millennial time scales, but previous work indicates that these changes were gradual. In a detailed analysis of one event, we now find that approximately half of the CO2 increase that occurred during the 1500 year cold period between Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) Events 8 and 9 happened rapidly, over less than two centuries. This rise in CO2 was synchronous with, or slightly later than, a rapid increase of Antarctic temperature inferred from stable isotopes.	["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)", "POINT(-119.83 -80.01)"]	["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)", "POINT(-119.83 -80.01)"]	false	false
Temperature of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet	8519083 9615420	2013-06-13	Engelhardt, Hermann	Basal Conditions of Ice Stream D and Related Borehole Studies of Antarctic Ice Stream Mechanics	This data set contains temperature-depth profile measurements taken in 22 boreholes drilled on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, which exhibit two distinctly different thermal states of basal ice: a warm state and a relatively colder state. The data are available in ASCII Text Format (.txt) and Portable Document Format (PDF) via FTP.	["POLYGON((-148.808333 -81.07364,-147.5100275 -81.07364,-146.211722 -81.07364,-144.9134165 -81.07364,-143.615111 -81.07364,-142.3168055 -81.07364,-141.0185 -81.07364,-139.7201945 -81.07364,-138.421889 -81.07364,-137.1235835 -81.07364,-135.825278 -81.07364,-135.825278 -81.3341927,-135.825278 -81.5947454,-135.825278 -81.8552981,-135.825278 -82.1158508,-135.825278 -82.3764035,-135.825278 -82.6369562,-135.825278 -82.8975089,-135.825278 -83.1580616,-135.825278 -83.4186143,-135.825278 -83.679167,-137.1235835 -83.679167,-138.421889 -83.679167,-139.7201945 -83.679167,-141.0185 -83.679167,-142.3168055 -83.679167,-143.615111 -83.679167,-144.9134165 -83.679167,-146.211722 -83.679167,-147.5100275 -83.679167,-148.808333 -83.679167,-148.808333 -83.4186143,-148.808333 -83.1580616,-148.808333 -82.8975089,-148.808333 -82.6369562,-148.808333 -82.3764035,-148.808333 -82.1158508,-148.808333 -81.8552981,-148.808333 -81.5947454,-148.808333 -81.3341927,-148.808333 -81.07364))"]	["POINT(-142.3168055 -82.3764035)"]	false	false
Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea	0838892	2013-01-01	Burns, Jennifer	Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea	Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal's diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts.	["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"]	["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"]	false	false
The Role of Snow Patches on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Microbial Communities and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Antarctic Dry Valleys	0838850	2013-01-01	Gooseff, Michael N.	Collaborative Research: The Role of Snow Patches on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Microbial Communities and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Antarctic Dry Valleys	Two models have been proposed to describe controls over microbial biogeography. One model proposes that microbes are ubiquitously distributed across the global environment, and that environmental conditions select for taxa physiologically adapted to local physical conditions. An alternative model predicts that dispersal is the important limitation to the distribution of microorganisms and that spatial heterogeneity of microbial communities is a result of both dispersal and local environmental limitations. According to both models, spatial heterogeneity of microbial communities may be especially pronounced in extreme ecosystems where the environmental selection for organisms with suitable physiology is most strongly manifest. We propose that Antarctic terrestrial environments are ideal places to examine microbial biogeography for 3 reasons: 1) the pristine nature and remoteness of Antarctica minimizes the prevalence of exotic species dispersed through human vectors; 2) the extreme conditions of Antarctic environments provide a strong environmental filter which limits the establishment of non-indigenous taxa; and 3) extreme heterogeneity in the terrestrial environment provides natural gradients of soil conditions (temperature, water and nutrient availability). In the proposed research we will investigate the influence of snow on the composition and spatial distribution of soil microbial communities and linked biogeochemical cycling in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. We will conduct fieldwork at the landscape scale (repeated remote sensing to characterize snow distribution), at the valley and patch scales (quantify snow patch ablation, microbial communities and biogeochemical cycling in subnivian soils). We hypothesize that snow patches play an important role in structuring the spatial distribution of soil microbial communities and their associated ecosystem functioning because of the physical and hydrological influences that snow patches have on the soil environment. The research will contribute to greater public awareness of the importance of polar research to fundamental questions of biology, ecology and hydrology through direct linkages with International Antarctic Institute public outreach activities, including dissemination of web-based learning units on environmental science and microbiology, targeted as resources for secondary and post-secondary educators. Three graduate students, one postdoctoral scholar and multiple undergraduates will participate in the research activities.	["POLYGON((-163.3 -77.62,-163.202 -77.62,-163.104 -77.62,-163.006 -77.62,-162.908 -77.62,-162.81 -77.62,-162.712 -77.62,-162.614 -77.62,-162.516 -77.62,-162.418 -77.62,-162.32 -77.62,-162.32 -77.631,-162.32 -77.642,-162.32 -77.653,-162.32 -77.664,-162.32 -77.675,-162.32 -77.686,-162.32 -77.697,-162.32 -77.708,-162.32 -77.719,-162.32 -77.73,-162.418 -77.73,-162.516 -77.73,-162.614 -77.73,-162.712 -77.73,-162.81 -77.73,-162.908 -77.73,-163.006 -77.73,-163.104 -77.73,-163.202 -77.73,-163.3 -77.73,-163.3 -77.719,-163.3 -77.708,-163.3 -77.697,-163.3 -77.686,-163.3 -77.675,-163.3 -77.664,-163.3 -77.653,-163.3 -77.642,-163.3 -77.631,-163.3 -77.62))"]	["POINT(-162.81 -77.675)"]	false	false
Linkages among Mitochondrial Form, Function and Thermal Tolerance of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	0741301	2013-01-01	O'Brien, Kristin	Collaborative Research: Linkages among Mitochondrial Form, Function and Thermal Tolerance of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	Antarctic notothenioid fishes have evolved in the Southern Ocean for 10-14 MY under an unusual set of circumstances. Their characteristics include the complete absence of the circulating oxygen-binding protein, hemoglobin (Hb) within the Channichthyid (Icefish) family of notothenioids. Moreover, some species within the 16 members of this family have also lost the ability to express the oxygen-binding and storage protein, myoglobin (Mb) in cardiac muscle. Our previous work has determined that the loss of Hb and/or Mb is correlated with significant increases in densities of mitochondria within oxidative tissues, and extensive remodeling of these vital organelles. To date, nothing is known about how modifications in mitochondrial architecture of icefishes affect organelle function, or more importantly, how they affect organismal-level physiology. Most critical for Antarctic fishes is that mitochondrial characteristics have been linked to how well ectotherms can withstand increases in temperature. This collaborative research project will address the hypothesis that the unusual mitochondrial architecture of Antarctic Channichthyids has led to changes in function that impact their ability to withstand elevations in temperature. Specifically, the research will (1) determine if the unusual mitochondrial architecture of icefishes affects function and contributes to organismal thermal sensitivity, (2) identify differences in organismal thermal tolerance between red- and white- blooded notothenioids, (3) identify molecular mechanisms regulating changes in mitochondrial structure in icefishes. The results may establish channichthyid icefishes as a sentinel taxon for signaling the impact of global warming on the Southern Ocean. Broad impacts of this project will be realized by participation of high school biology teachers in field work through cooperation with the ARMADA project at the University of Rhode Island, as well as graduate education.	["POLYGON((-64.45 -63.29,-64.249 -63.29,-64.048 -63.29,-63.847 -63.29,-63.646 -63.29,-63.445 -63.29,-63.244 -63.29,-63.043 -63.29,-62.842 -63.29,-62.641 -63.29,-62.44 -63.29,-62.44 -63.371,-62.44 -63.452,-62.44 -63.533,-62.44 -63.614,-62.44 -63.695,-62.44 -63.776,-62.44 -63.857,-62.44 -63.938,-62.44 -64.019,-62.44 -64.1,-62.641 -64.1,-62.842 -64.1,-63.043 -64.1,-63.244 -64.1,-63.445 -64.1,-63.646 -64.1,-63.847 -64.1,-64.048 -64.1,-64.249 -64.1,-64.45 -64.1,-64.45 -64.019,-64.45 -63.938,-64.45 -63.857,-64.45 -63.776,-64.45 -63.695,-64.45 -63.614,-64.45 -63.533,-64.45 -63.452,-64.45 -63.371,-64.45 -63.29))"]	["POINT(-63.445 -63.695)"]	false	false
Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice	0739783	2013-01-01	Junge, Karen	Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice	The mechanisms enabling bacteria to be metabolically active at very low temperatures are of considerable importance to polar microbial ecology, astrobiology, climate and cryopreservation. This research program has two main objectives. The first is to investigate metabolic activities and gene expression of polar marine psychrophilic bacteria when confronted with freezing conditions at temperatures above the eutectic of seawater (<54C) to unveil cold adaptation mechanisms with relevance to wintertime sea-ice ecology. The second objective is to discern if psychrophilic processes of leucine incorporation into proteins, shown to occur to -196C, amount to metabolic activity providing for the survival of cells or are merely biochemical reactions still possible in flash-frozen samples without any effect on survival. We will examine extracellular and intracellular processes of psychrophilic activity above and below the eutectic by (i) determining the temperature range of metabolic activities such as DNA synthesis, carbon utilization, respiration and ATP generation using radioactive tracer technology, including a control at liquid helium temperature (-268.9C), (ii) analyzing gene expression in ice using whole genome and microarray analyses and iii) examining the role of exopolymeric substances (EPS) and ice micro-physics for the observed activity using an in-situ microscopy technique. Results of the proposed research can be expected to aid in the determination of cellular and genetic strategies that allow cells to maintain activity at extremely low temperatures within an icy matrix and/or to resume activity again when more growth-permissive conditions are encountered. The research is an interdisciplinary collaboration involving three different institutions with participants in Oceanography, Genomics, and Geophysical Sciences. The proposed activity will support the beginning professional career of a female researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica	0739681 0739698	2013-01-01	Murray, Alison	Collaborative Research: Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica	Lake Vida is the largest lake of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, with an approximately 20 m ice cover overlaying a brine of unknown depth with at least 7 times seawater salinity and temperatures below -10 degrees C year-round. Samples of brine collected from ice above the main water body contain 1) the highest nitrous oxide levels of any natural water body on Earth, 2) unusual geochemistry including anomalously high ammonia and iron concentrations, 3) high microbial counts with an unusual proportion (99%) of ultramicrobacteria. The microbial community is unique even compared to other Dry Valley Lakes. The research proposes to enter, for the first time the main brine body below the thick ice of Lake Vida and perform in situ measurements, collect samples of the brine column, and collect sediment cores from the lake bottom for detailed geochemical and microbiological analyses. The results will allow the characterization of present and past life in the lake, assessment of modern and past sedimentary processes, and determination of the lake's history. The research will be conducted by a multidisciplinary team that will uncover the biogeochemical processes associated with a non-photosynthetic microbial community isolated for a significant period of time. This research will address diversity, adaptive mechanisms and evolutionary processes in the context of the physical evolution of the environment of Lake Vida. Results will be widely disseminated through publications, presentations at national and international meetings, through the Subglacial Antarctic Lake Exploration (SALE) web site and the McMurdo LTER web site. The research will support three graduate students and three undergraduate research assistants. The results will be incorporated into a new undergraduate biogeosciences course at the University of Illinois at Chicago which has an extremely diverse student body, dominated by minorities.	["POINT(161.931 -77.3885)"]	["POINT(161.931 -77.3885)"]	false	false
The Cellular Stress Response in Cold-adapted Organisms: Building Novel Mechanistic Links between Heat Stress, Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Antarctic Fishes.	0944743	2013-01-01	Buckley, Bradley	The Cellular Stress Response in Cold-adapted Organisms: Building Novel Mechanistic Links between Heat Stress, Cell Cycle Arrest and Apoptosis in Antarctic Fishes.	The research will investigate a novel mechanism by which cold-adapted fishes of the Southern Ocean sense and respond to elevated temperatures. It is hypothesized that sub-lethal heat stress may induce cell cycle arrest and/or programmed cell death through apoptosis. The study will use genome-enabled technologies to examine the environmental control over gene expression in Antarctic species and will build direct mechanistic links between the expression of a specific signaling pathway gene and heat-induced changes in cells. Prior results support the hypothesis that heat stress results in cell cycle arrest and, in some cases, programmed cell death in Antarctic fishes. If so, this represents a novel, modified version of the well-conserved cellular stress response found in essentially all other species and suggests that warming ocean temperatures may have profound cellular and physiological impacts on these extremely stenothermal species. The P.I. conducts outreach activities with the Oregon Museum of Science and Industry, will be involved in developing a science curriculum for the Native American Youth and Family Center (NAYA) Early College Academy in Portland, and supports the educational and professional development of both undergraduate and graduate students at Portland State University.	["POINT(166.66667 -77.83333)"]	["POINT(166.66667 -77.83333)"]	false	false
Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle	1019838	2013-01-01	Wendt, Dean; Moline, Mark	Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle	The Antarctic Peninsula is among the most rapidly warming regions on earth. Increased heat from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current has elevated the temperature of the 300 m of shelf water below the permanent pycnocline by 0.7 degrees C. This trend has displaced the once dominant cold, dry continental Antarctic climate, and is causing multi-level responses in the marine ecosystem. One striking example of the ecosystem response to warming has been the local declines in ice-dependent Adélie penguins. The changes in these apex predators are thought to be driven by alterations in phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition, and the foraging limitations and diet differences between these species. One of the most elusive questions facing researchers interested in the foraging ecology of the Adélie penguin, namely, what are the biophysical properties that characterize the three dimensional foraging space of this top predator? The research will combine the real-time site and diving information from the Adélie penguin satellite tags with the full characterization of the oceanography and the penguins prey field using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). While some of these changes have been documented over large spatial scales of the WAP, it is now thought that the causal mechanisms that favor of one life history strategy over another may actually operate over much smaller scales than previously thought, specifically on the scale of local breeding sites and over-wintering areas. Characterization of prey fields on these local scales has yet to be done and one that the AUV is ideally suited. The results will have a direct tie to the climate induced changes that are occurring in the West Antarctic Peninsula. This study will also highlight a new approach to linking an autonomous platform to bird behavior that could be expanded to include the other two species of penguins and examine the seasonal differences in their foraging behavior and prey selection. From a vehicle perspective, this effort will inform the AUV user community of new sensor suites and/or data processing approaches that are required to better evaluate foraging habitat. The project also will help transition AUV platforms into routine investigative tools for this region, which is chronically under sampled and will remain difficult to access	[]	[]	false	false
Thermoregulation in Free-Living Antarctic Seals: The Missing Link in Effective Ecological Modeling	1043779	2013-01-01	Mellish, Jo-Ann	Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING	Despite being an essential physiological component of homeotherm life in polar regions, little is known about the energetic requirements for thermoregulation in either air or water for high- latitude seals. In a joint field and modeling study, the principal investigators will quantify these costs for the Weddell seal under both ambient air and water conditions. The field research will include innovative heat flux, digestive and locomotor cost telemetry on 40 free-ranging seals combined with assessments of animal health (morphometrics, hematology and clinical chemistry panels), quantity (ultrasound) and quality (tissue biopsy) of blubber insulation, and determination of surface skin temperature patterns (infrared thermography). Field-collected data will be combined with an established individual based computational energetics model to define cost-added thresholds in body condition for different body masses. This study will fill a major knowledge gap by providing data essential to modeling all aspects of pinniped life history, in particular for ice seals. Such parameterization of energetic cost components will be essential for the accurate modeling of responses by pinnipeds to environmental variance, including direct and indirect effects driven by climate change. The study also will provide extensive opportunities in polar field work, animal telemetry, biochemical analyses and computational modeling for up to three undergraduate students and one post-doctoral researcher. Integrated education and outreach efforts will educate the public (K-12 through adult) on the importance of quantifying energetic costs of thermoregulation for marine mammals and the need to understand responses of species to environmental variance. This effort will include a custom-built, interactive hands-on mobile exhibit, and development of content for an Ocean Today kiosk.	["POLYGON((165.83333 -77.51528,165.923331 -77.51528,166.013332 -77.51528,166.103333 -77.51528,166.193334 -77.51528,166.283335 -77.51528,166.373336 -77.51528,166.463337 -77.51528,166.553338 -77.51528,166.643339 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.55153,166.73334 -77.58778,166.73334 -77.62403,166.73334 -77.66028,166.73334 -77.69653,166.73334 -77.73278,166.73334 -77.76903,166.73334 -77.80528,166.73334 -77.84153,166.73334 -77.87778,166.643339 -77.87778,166.553338 -77.87778,166.463337 -77.87778,166.373336 -77.87778,166.283335 -77.87778,166.193334 -77.87778,166.103333 -77.87778,166.013332 -77.87778,165.923331 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.84153,165.83333 -77.80528,165.83333 -77.76903,165.83333 -77.73278,165.83333 -77.69653,165.83333 -77.66028,165.83333 -77.62403,165.83333 -77.58778,165.83333 -77.55153,165.83333 -77.51528))"]	["POINT(166.283335 -77.69653)"]	false	false
Modeled Radar Attenuation Rate Profile at the Vostok 5G Ice Core Site, Antarctica	0538674	2011-08-15	Macgregor, Joseph A.; Matsuoka, Kenichi; Studinger, Michael S.	Collaborative Research: Deciphering the Deep Ice and the Ice-water Interface over Lake Vostok Using Existing Radar Data	This data set provides a modeled radar attenuation rate profile, showing the predicted contributions from pure ice and impurities to radar attenuation at the Vostok 5G ice core site in Antarctica, as well as the total attenuation rate and its formal uncertainty. The model data are based on borehole temperature logs, concentrations of major soluble ions measured from melted ice core samples, and information about the electrical conductivity of ice. Attenuation rates and their spatial variability are important constraints for radar studies of ice sheets. Parameters include depth, total attenuation rate, and attenuation rate contribution from pure ice, acidity, and salinity. Data are available via FTP as a text file (.txt) with columns in comma separated value format.	["POINT(73.17 -78.47)"]	["POINT(73.17 -78.47)"]	false	false
Climate, Drift, and Image Data from Antarctic Icebergs A22A and UK211, 2006-2007	0540915	2011-01-31	Scambos, Ted; Bohlander, Jennifer; Bauer, Rob; Yermolin, Yevgeny; Thom, Jonathan	Investigating Iceberg Evolution During Drift and Break-Up: A Proxy for Climate-Related Changes in Antarctic Ice Shelves	This data set includes a variety of station data from two Antarctic icebergs. In 2006, researchers installed specialized weather stations called Automated Meteorological Ice Geophysical Observing Stations (AMIGOS) on two icebergs, A22A and UK211 (nicknamed Amigosberg), near Marambio Station in Antarctica.The AMIGOS stations were outfitted with Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors, cameras, and an electronic thermometer. They collected data from their installation in March 2006 until the icebergs crumbled into the ocean, in 2006 (Amigosberg) and 2007 (A22A). Available data include GPS, temperature and ablation measurements, and photographs of the station base and of flag lines extending out to the edges of the icebergs. Snow pit data from iceberg A22A is also included. This data set was collected as part of a National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs Special Grant for Exploratory Research, to explore the possibility of using drfting icebergs to investigate ice shelf evolution caused by climate change. The expedition, nicknamed IceTrek, was conducted jointly with Argentine scientists. The data are available via FTP in ASCII text (.txt) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (.jpg) formats.	["POLYGON((-60 -47,-55.5 -47,-51 -47,-46.5 -47,-42 -47,-37.5 -47,-33 -47,-28.5 -47,-24 -47,-19.5 -47,-15 -47,-15 -50.3,-15 -53.6,-15 -56.9,-15 -60.2,-15 -63.5,-15 -66.8,-15 -70.1,-15 -73.4,-15 -76.7,-15 -80,-19.5 -80,-24 -80,-28.5 -80,-33 -80,-37.5 -80,-42 -80,-46.5 -80,-51 -80,-55.5 -80,-60 -80,-60 -76.7,-60 -73.4,-60 -70.1,-60 -66.8,-60 -63.5,-60 -60.2,-60 -56.9,-60 -53.6,-60 -50.3,-60 -47))"]	["POINT(-37.5 -63.5)"]	false	false
Quantifying the Role of Short-Period Gravity Waves on the Antarctic Mesospheric Dynamics Using an Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper	0542164	2011-01-01	Taylor, Michael	Quantifying the Role of Short-Period Gravity Waves on the Antarctic Mesospheric Dynamics Using an Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper	A focused plan is presented to investigate the role and importance of short period (<1 hour) gravity waves on the dynamics of the Antarctic Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region (~80-100 km). Excited primarily by deep convection, frontal activity, topography, and strong wind shears in the lower atmosphere, these waves transport energy and momentum upwards where they have a profound influence on the MLT dynamics. Most of the wave forcing is expected to occur at mid-and low-latitudes where such sources predominate. However, short-period waves (exhibiting similar characteristics to mid-latitude events) have now been detected in copious quantities from research sites on the Antarctic Peninsula and the coastal regions exhibiting strong anisotropy in their dominant horizontal motions (and hence their momentum fluxes). Radiosonde measurements have established the existence of ubiquitous gravity wave activity at South Pole but, to date, there have been no detailed measurements of the properties of short-period waves at MLT heights deep in the Antarctic interior. In particular, the South Pole Station is uniquely situated to investigate the filtering and penetration of these waves into the MLT region, a substantial fraction of which may be ducted waves traveling over vast geographic distances (several thousand km). Novel image measurements at South Pole Station combined with existing measurement programs will provide an unprecedented capability for quantifying the role of these gravity waves on the regional MLT dynamics over central Antarctica. This research also contributes to the training and education of both the graduate and undergraduate students.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
IPY: Bacterioplankton Genomic Adaptations to Antarctic Winter	0632389	2011-01-01	Grzymski, Joseph; Murray, Alison	IPY: Bacterioplankton Genomic Adaptations to Antarctic Winter	The Western Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing one of the most rapid rates of climate warming on Earth, with an increase of 5degrees C in the mean winter temperature in 50 years. Impacts on upper trophic levels are evident, though there have been few, if any studies that have considered the impacts on bacterioplankton in the Southern Ocean. This proposal will characterize the winter bacterioplankton genome, transcriptome, and proteome and discover those features (community composition, genes up-regulated, and proteins expressed) that are essential to winter bacterioplankton survival and livelihood. We have assembled a polar ocean ecology and genomics network including strategic partnerships with Palmer LTER, the British Antarctic Survey's ocean metagenome program, US and Canadian scientists studying the Arctic Ocean genome, an Australian colleague who specialized in archaeal proteomics, and French colleagues studying Sub-Antarctic and Coastal Adelie Land marine bacterioplankton. The primary objectives of this program are: 1 Describe the differences in diversity and genomic content between austral winter and summer bacterioplankton communities. 2. Investigate the winter-time bacterioplankton growth and cellular signals (mRNA and proteins expressed) in order to understand the specific adaptations key to survival. Our results will extend from the Antarctic to the Arctic - as the cold, dark, carbon-limited deep seas linking these two systems have many common features. Education and outreach activities target (i) undergraduate and graduate students, hopefully including minority students recruited through the Diversity in Research in Environmental and Marine Sciences (DREAMS) Program at VIMS; (ii) a broad audience with our education and outreach partnerships with The Cousteau Society and with the Census for Antarctic Marine Life program. Data and links to external databases will be listed on the http://genex2.dri.edu website. Sequence data will be publicly accessible in GenBank and IMG-M databases.	["POLYGON((-65.3827 -64.4213,-65.13333 -64.4213,-64.88396 -64.4213,-64.63459 -64.4213,-64.38522 -64.4213,-64.13585 -64.4213,-63.88648 -64.4213,-63.63711 -64.4213,-63.38774 -64.4213,-63.13837 -64.4213,-62.889 -64.4213,-62.889 -64.47176,-62.889 -64.52222,-62.889 -64.57268,-62.889 -64.62314,-62.889 -64.6736,-62.889 -64.72406,-62.889 -64.77452,-62.889 -64.82498,-62.889 -64.87544,-62.889 -64.9259,-63.13837 -64.9259,-63.38774 -64.9259,-63.63711 -64.9259,-63.88648 -64.9259,-64.13585 -64.9259,-64.38522 -64.9259,-64.63459 -64.9259,-64.88396 -64.9259,-65.13333 -64.9259,-65.3827 -64.9259,-65.3827 -64.87544,-65.3827 -64.82498,-65.3827 -64.77452,-65.3827 -64.72406,-65.3827 -64.6736,-65.3827 -64.62314,-65.3827 -64.57268,-65.3827 -64.52222,-65.3827 -64.47176,-65.3827 -64.4213))"]	["POINT(-64.13585 -64.6736)"]	false	false
Englacial Layers and Attenuation Rates across the Ross and Amundsen Sea Ice-Flow Divide (WAIS Divide), West Antarctica	0338151	2010-06-15	Raymond, Charles; Matsuoka, Kenichi	Glaciological Characteristics of the Ross/Amundsen Sea Ice-flow Divide Deduced by a New Analysis of Ice-penetrating Radar Data	This data set contains the results of a model study of spatial variations of ice temperature and subglacial conditions using available ice-penetrating radar data around a future deep ice coring site near the Ross and Amundsen flow divide of West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The model data are based on radar data collected by the Support Office of Aerogeophysical Research (SOAR) at the University of Texas, and the University of Washington, in 2000. The data include values for attenuation estimates for individual radar profiles. Data are available via FTP in MATLAB (.mat) and Portable Document (.pdf) formats.	["POINT(-112.09 -79.47)"]	["POINT(-112.09 -79.47)"]	false	false
Laboratory Study of Stick-Slip Behavior and Deformation Mechanics of Subglacial Till	0440523 0538195 0424589	2010-04-14	Marone, Chris; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar	Laboratory Study of Stick-Slip Behavior and Deformation Mechanics of Subglacial Till	This data set includes the results of laboratory experiments examining the constitutive properties of subglacial till, under dynamic stressing. The data include the results of shear strain and stress experiments. Testing was carried out in a servo-controlled biaxial shear device under controlled temperature and stress conditions, allowing both sliding and microstructural processes to be studied in detail. Till samples were collected from Matanuska, Alaska and from Caesar till at the Laurentide Ice Sheet. The data are available via FTP in ASCII text format (.txt).	["POINT(-147.753056 61.781667)", "POINT(-83.006944 40.067222)", "POINT(147.758889 61.779444)"]	["POINT(-147.753056 61.781667)", "POINT(-83.006944 40.067222)", "POINT(147.758889 61.779444)"]	false	false
Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection	0440687	2010-01-01	Klinck, John M.; Crocker, Daniel; Goebel, Michael; Hofmann, Eileen; Costa, Daniel	Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection	As long-lived animals, marine mammals must be capable of accommodating broad variations in food resources over large spatial and temporal scales. While this is true of all marine mammals, variation in the physical and biological environmental is particularly profound in the Southern Ocean. A basic understanding of the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of pelagic predators requires knowledge of this spatial and temporal variation, coupled with information of how they respond to these changes. Current understanding of these associations is primarily limited to population level studies where animal abundance has been correlated with oceanography. Although these studies are informative, they cannot provide insights into the strategies employed by individual animals nor can they provide insights into the spatial or temporal course of these interactions. Recent technological advances in instrumentation make it possible to extend an understanding beyond the simple linkage of prey and predator distributions with environmental features. The key to understanding the processes that lead to high predator abundance is the identification of the specific foraging behaviors associated with different features of the water column. This study will accomplish these objectives by combining accurate positional data, measures of diving and foraging behavior, animal-derived water-column temperature and salinity data, and available oceanographic data. This project will examine the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of two species of contrasting foraging ecology, the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, and the crabeater seal, Lobodon carcinophagus in the Western Antarctic Peninsula, a region of strong environmental gradients. Although these two species are phylogenetically related, they utilize substantially different but adjacent habitat types. Southern elephant seals are predominantly pelagic, moving throughout the southern ocean, venturing occasionally into the seasonal pack ice whereas crabeater seals range throughout the seasonal pack ice, venturing occasionally into open water. The relationship of specific foraging behaviors and animal movement patterns to oceanographic and bathymetric features develop and test models of the importance of these features in defining habitat use will be determined along with a comparison of how individuals of each species respond to annual variability in the marine environment. The physical oceanography of the Southern Ocean is inherently complex as are the biological processes that are intrinsically linked to oceanographic processes. Significant resources are currently being directed toward developing mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes with the goals of better understanding the role that the Southern Ocean plays in global climate processes, predicting the responses of ocean and global scale processes to climate change, and understanding the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. These efforts have been limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data in the region, especially at high latitudes in the winter months. This study will provide new and significant oceanographic data on temperature and salinity profiles in to further the understanding of the dynamics of the upper water column of west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf waters. Outreach activities include website development and an association with a marine education program at the Monterrey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.	["POLYGON((-64 -60,-63 -60,-62 -60,-61 -60,-60 -60,-59 -60,-58 -60,-57 -60,-56 -60,-55 -60,-54 -60,-54 -60.4,-54 -60.8,-54 -61.2,-54 -61.6,-54 -62,-54 -62.4,-54 -62.8,-54 -63.2,-54 -63.6,-54 -64,-55 -64,-56 -64,-57 -64,-58 -64,-59 -64,-60 -64,-61 -64,-62 -64,-63 -64,-64 -64,-64 -63.6,-64 -63.2,-64 -62.8,-64 -62.4,-64 -62,-64 -61.6,-64 -61.2,-64 -60.8,-64 -60.4,-64 -60))"]	["POINT(-59 -62)"]	false	false
Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station	9024544	2010-01-01	Andreas, Edgar	Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station	Location: Ice camp on perennial sea ice in the southwestern corner of the Weddell Sea, Antarctic The first direct radiative and turbulent surface flux measurements ever made over floating Antarctic sea ice. The data are from Ice Station Weddell as it drifted in the western Weddell Sea from February to late May 1992. Data Types: Hourly measurements of the turbulent surface fluxes of momentum and sensible and latent heat by eddy covariance at a height of 4.65 m above snow-covered sea ice. Instruments were a 3-axis sonic anemometer/thermometer and a Lyman-alpha hygrometer. Hourly, surface-level measurements of the four radiation components: in-coming and out-going longwave and shortwave radiation. Instruments were hemispherical pyranometers and pyrgeometers. Hourly mean values of standard meteorological variables: air temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, surface temperature. Instruments were a propeller-vane for wind speed and direction and cooled-mirror dew-point hygrometers and platinum resistance thermometers for dew-points and temperatures. Surface temperature came from a Barnes PRT-5 infrared thermometer. Flux Data The entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named ISW_Flux_Data.zip The main data file is comma delimited. The README file is ASCII. The associated reprints of publications are in pdf. Radiosounding data: On Ice Station Weddell, typically twice a day from 21 February through 4 June 1992 made with both tethered (i.e., only boundary-layer profiles) and (more rarely) free-flying sondes that did not measure wind speed. (168 soundings). ISW Radiosoundings The entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named ISW_Radiosounding.zip. The README file is in ASCII. Two summary files that include the list of sounding and the declinations are in ASCII. The 168 individual sounding files are in ASCII. Two supporting publications that describe the data and some analyses are in pdf. Radiosounding data collected from the Russian ship Akademic Fedorov from 26 May through 5 June 1992 at 6-hourly intervals as it approached Ice Station Weddell from the north. These soundings include wind vector, temperature, humidity, and pressure. (40 soundings) Akademic Federov Radiosoundings The entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named Akad_Federov_Radiosounding.zip. The README file is in ASCII. A summary file that lists the soundings is in ASCII. The 40 individual sounding files are in ASCII. Two supporting publications that describe the data and some analyses are in pdf. Documentation: Andreas, E. L, and K. J. Claffey, 1995: Air-ice drag coefficients in the western Weddell Sea: 1. Values deduced from profile measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 4821–4831. Andreas, E. L, K. J. Claffey, and A. P. Makshtas, 2000: Low-level atmospheric jets and inversions over the western Weddell Sea. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 97, 459–486. Andreas, E. L, R. E. Jordan, and A. P. Makshtas, 2004: Simulations of snow, ice, and near-surface atmospheric processes on Ice Station Weddell. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5, 611–624. Andreas, E. L, R. E. Jordan, and A. P. Makshtas, 2005: Parameterizing turbulent exchange over sea ice: The Ice Station Weddell results. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 114, 439–460. Andreas, E. L, P. O. G. Persson, R. E. Jordan, T. W. Horst, P. S. Guest, A. A. Grachev, and C. W. Fairall, 2010: Parameterizing turbulent exchange over sea ice in winter. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 11, 87–104. Claffey, K. J., E. L Andreas, and A. P. Makshtas, 1994: Upper-air data collected on Ice Station Weddell. Special Report 94-25, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 62 pp. ISW Group, 1993: Weddell Sea exploration from ice station. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 74, 121–126. Makshtas, A. P., E. L Andreas, P. N. Svyaschennikov, and V. F. Timachev, 1999: Accounting for clouds in sea ice models. Atmospheric Research, 52, 77–113.	["POLYGON((-53.8 -61.2,-52.74 -61.2,-51.68 -61.2,-50.62 -61.2,-49.56 -61.2,-48.5 -61.2,-47.44 -61.2,-46.38 -61.2,-45.32 -61.2,-44.26 -61.2,-43.2 -61.2,-43.2 -62.22,-43.2 -63.24,-43.2 -64.26,-43.2 -65.28,-43.2 -66.3,-43.2 -67.32,-43.2 -68.34,-43.2 -69.36,-43.2 -70.38,-43.2 -71.4,-44.26 -71.4,-45.32 -71.4,-46.38 -71.4,-47.44 -71.4,-48.5 -71.4,-49.56 -71.4,-50.62 -71.4,-51.68 -71.4,-52.74 -71.4,-53.8 -71.4,-53.8 -70.38,-53.8 -69.36,-53.8 -68.34,-53.8 -67.32,-53.8 -66.3,-53.8 -65.28,-53.8 -64.26,-53.8 -63.24,-53.8 -62.22,-53.8 -61.2))"]	["POINT(-48.5 -66.3)"]	false	false
Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles	0801392	2010-01-01	Swanson, Brian	Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles	The primary objective of this research is to investigate polar marine psychrophilic bacteria for their potential to nucleate ice using a combination of microbiological, molecular biological and atmospheric science approaches in the laboratory. Very little is known about how psychrophiles interact and cope with ice or their adaptations to conditions of extreme cold and salinity. This work will involve a series of laboratory experiments using a novel freeze-tube technique for assaying freezing spectra which will provide quantitative information on: (i) the temperature-dependent freezing rates for heterogeneously frozen droplets containing sea-ice bacteria, (ii) the proportional occurrence of ice-nucleation activity versus anti-freeze activity among sea-ice bacterial isolates and (iii) the temperature-dependent freezing rates of bacteria with ice-nucleation activity grown at a range of temperatures and salinities. The compound(s) responsible for the observed activity will be identified, which is an essential step towards the development of an in-situ bacterial ice-nucleation detection assay that can be applied in the field to Antarctic water and cloud samples. One of the goals of this work is to better understand survival and cold adaptation processes of polar marine bacteria confronted with freezing conditions in sea ice. Since sea ice strongly impacts polar, as well as the global climates, this research is of significant interest because it will also provide data for accessing the importance of bacterial ice nucleation in the formation of sea ice. These measurements of ice-nucleation rates will be the first high-resolution measurements for psychrophilic marine bacteria. Another goal is to better understand the impact of bacterial ice initiation processes in polar clouds by making high-resolution measurements of nucleation rates for cloud bacteria found over Arctic and Antarctic regions. Initial measurements indicate these bacteria nucleate ice at warmer temperatures and the effect in polar regions may be quite important, since ice can strongly impact cloud dynamics, cloud radiative properties, precipitation formation, and cloud chemistry. If these initial measurements are confirmed, the data collected here will be important for improving the understanding of polar cloud processes and models. A third goal is to better understand the molecular basis of marine bacterial ice nucleation by characterizing the ice-nucleation compound and comparing it with those of known plant-derived ice-nucleating bacteria, which are the only ice-nucleating bacteria examined in detail to date. The proposed activity will support the beginning academic career of a post-doctoral researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects. Results from this research will be widely published in various scientific journals and outreach venues.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Late Holocene Climate Variability, Dry Valleys, Antarctica	0228052	2009-07-01	Kreutz, Karl; Mayewski, Paul A.	Dry Valleys Late Holocene Climate Variability	This data set includes high-resolution ice core records from the Dry Valleys region of Antarctica, and provides interpretations of interannual to decadal-scale climate variability during the last 2000 years (late Holocene). Intermediate-length ice cores (100 to 200 meters) were drilled at four sites along transects in the Taylor and Wright valleys, and analyzed for stable isotopes and major ions. The data set includes high-resolution ice core data for each study site. It also includes mass balance, borehole temperature, and snowpit data for each site, and Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity data for some of the sites. Snow pit data from three additional sites in the same region is also available. Data are available via FTP, in Microsoft Excel (.xls), ASCII text (.txt), and Microsoft Word (.doc) file formats.	["POLYGON((161.04 -77.3,161.239 -77.3,161.438 -77.3,161.637 -77.3,161.836 -77.3,162.035 -77.3,162.234 -77.3,162.433 -77.3,162.632 -77.3,162.831 -77.3,163.03 -77.3,163.03 -77.378,163.03 -77.456,163.03 -77.534,163.03 -77.612,163.03 -77.69,163.03 -77.768,163.03 -77.846,163.03 -77.924,163.03 -78.002,163.03 -78.08,162.831 -78.08,162.632 -78.08,162.433 -78.08,162.234 -78.08,162.035 -78.08,161.836 -78.08,161.637 -78.08,161.438 -78.08,161.239 -78.08,161.04 -78.08,161.04 -78.002,161.04 -77.924,161.04 -77.846,161.04 -77.768,161.04 -77.69,161.04 -77.612,161.04 -77.534,161.04 -77.456,161.04 -77.378,161.04 -77.3))"]	["POINT(162.035 -77.69)"]	false	false
Singular Value Decomposition Analysis of Ice Sheet Model Output Fields	0632168	2009-05-30	Hulbe, Christina; Daescu, Dacian N.	Collaborative Research: IPY, The Next Generation: A Community Ice Sheet Model for Scientists and Educators With Demonstration Experiments in Amundsen Sea Embayment Region	This data set provides the results of predictive modeling experiments on the Amundsen Sea Embayment region of Antarctica. The models examine how interactions between basal processes and ice sheet dynamics can result in abrupt reconfigurations of ice-sheets, and how those reconfigurations impact other Earth systems. The models were developed by a collaborative effort called the Community Ice Sheet Model (CISM). The data set contains a MATLAB (.mat) native format file with time evolution of basal temperature fields from a generic ice sheet model with uniform and non-uniform heat flux, a MATLAB script for performing singular value decomposition and analysis of the model fields, and a summary of experimental results in Portable Document Format (.pdf). Data are available via FTP.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Triple-dating (Pb-FT-He) of Antarctic Detritus and the Origin of the Gamburtsev Mountains	0816934	2009-01-01	Thomson, Stuart	Collaborative Research: SGER: Triple-dating (Pb-FT-He) of Antarctic Detritus and the Origin of the Gamburtsev Mountains	This Small Grant for Exploratory Research investigates the origin and evolution of the Gamburtsev subglacial mountains (GSM). These mountains are considered the nucleation point for Antarctica's largest ice sheets; however, being of indeterminate age, they may postdate ice sheet formation. As well, their formation could reflect tectonic events during the breakup of Gondwana. The project studies GSM-derived detrital zircon and apatite crystals from Prydz Bay obtained by the Ocean Drilling Program. Analytical work includes triple-dating thermochronometry by U/Pb, fission track, and (U/Th)/He methods. The combined technique offers insight into both high and low temperature processes, and is potentially sensitive to both the orogenic events and the subsequent cooling and exhumation due to erosion. In terms of broader impacts, this project supports research for a postdoctoral fellow.	["POLYGON((65 -66,72.9 -66,80.8 -66,88.7 -66,96.6 -66,104.5 -66,112.4 -66,120.3 -66,128.2 -66,136.1 -66,144 -66,144 -66.3,144 -66.6,144 -66.9,144 -67.2,144 -67.5,144 -67.8,144 -68.1,144 -68.4,144 -68.7,144 -69,136.1 -69,128.2 -69,120.3 -69,112.4 -69,104.5 -69,96.6 -69,88.7 -69,80.8 -69,72.9 -69,65 -69,65 -68.7,65 -68.4,65 -68.1,65 -67.8,65 -67.5,65 -67.2,65 -66.9,65 -66.6,65 -66.3,65 -66))"]	["POINT(104.5 -67.5)"]	false	false
Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	0436190	2009-01-01	Eastman, Joseph	Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes	Patterns of biodiversity, as revealed by basic research in organismal biology, may be derived from ecological and evolutionary processes expressed in unique settings, such as Antarctica. The polar regions and their faunas are commanding increased attention as declining species diversity, environmental change, commercial fisheries, and resource management are now being viewed in a global context. Commercial fishing is known to have a direct and pervasive effect on marine biodiversity, and occurs in the Southern Ocean as far south as the Ross Sea. The nature of fish biodiversity in the Antarctic is different than in all other ocean shelf areas. Waters of the Antarctic continental shelf are ice covered for most of the year and water temperatures are nearly constant at -1.5 C. In these waters components of the phyletically derived Antarctic clade of Notothenioids dominate fish diversity. In some regions, including the southwestern Ross Sea, Notothenioids are overwhelmingly dominant in terms of number of species, abundance, and biomass. Such dominance by a single taxonomic group is unique among shelf faunas of the world. In the absence of competition from a taxonomically diverse fauna, Notothenioids underwent a habitat or depth related diversification keyed to the utilization of unfilled niches in the water column, especially pelagic or partially pelagic zooplanktivory and piscivory. This has been accomplished in the absence of a swim bladder for buoyancy control. They also may form a special type of adaptive radiation known as a species flock, which is an assemblage of a disproportionately high number of related species that have evolved rapidly within a defined area where most species are endemic. Diversification in buoyancy is the hallmark of the notothenioid radiation. Buoyancy is the feature of notothenioid biology that determines whether a species lives on the substrate, in the water column or both. Buoyancy also influences other key aspects of life history including swimming, feeding and reproduction and thus has implications for the role of the species in the ecosystem. With similarities to classic evolutionary hot spots, the Antarctic shelf and its Notothenioid radiation merit further exploration. The 2004 'International Collaborative Expedition to collect and study Fish Indigenous to Sub-Antarctic Habitats,' or, 'ICEFISH,' provided a platform for collection of notothenioid fishes from sub-Antarctic waters between South America and Africa, which will be examined in this project. This study will determine buoyancy for samples of all notothenioid species captured during the ICEFISH cruise. This essential aspect of the biology is known for only 19% of the notothenioid fauna. Also, the gross and microscopic anatomy of brains and sense organs of the phyletically basal families Bovichtidae, Eleginopidae, and of the non-Antarctic species of the primarily Antarctic family Nototheniidae will be examined. The fish biodiversity and endemicity in poorly known localities along the ICEFISH cruise track, seamounts and deep trenches will be quantified. Broader impacts include improved information for comprehending and conserving biodiversity, a scientific and societal priority.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis	0437887	2009-01-01	Sidell, Bruce	Collaborative Research: Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis.	The polar ocean presently surrounding Antarctica is the coldest, most thermally stable marine environment on earth. Because oxygen solubility in seawater is inversely proportional to temperature, the cold Antarctic seas are an exceptionally oxygen-rich aquatic habitat. Eight families of a single perciform suborder, the Notothenioidei, dominate the present fish fauna surrounding Antarctica. Notothenioids account for approximately 35% of fish species and 90% of fish biomass south of the Antarctic Polar Front. Radiation of closely related notothenioid species thus has occurred rapidly and under a very unusual set of conditions: relative oceanographic isolation from other faunas due to circumpolar currents and deep ocean trenches surrounding the continent, chronically, severely cold water temperatures, very high oxygen availability, very low levels of niche competition in a Southern Ocean depauperate of species subsequent to a dramatic crash in species diversity of fishes that occurred sometime between the mid-Tertiary and present. These features make Antarctic notothenioid fishes an uniquely attractive group for the study of physiological and biochemical adaptations to cold body temperature. Few distinctive features of Antarctic fishes are as unique as the pattern of expression of oxygen-binding proteins in one notothenioid family, the Channichthyidae (Antarctic icefishes). All channichthyid icefishes lack the circulating oxygen-binding protein, hemoglobin (Hb); the intracellular oxygen-binding protein, myoglobin (Mb) is not uniformly expressed in species of this family. Both proteins are normally considered essential for adequate delivery of oxygen to aerobically poised tissues of animals. To compensate for the absence of Hb, icefishes have developed large hearts, rapidly circulate a large blood volume and possess elaborate vasculature of larger lumenal diameter than is seen in red-blooded fishes. Loss of Mb expression in oxidative muscles correlates with dramatic elevation in density of mitochondria within the cell, although each individual organelle is less densely packed with respiratory proteins. Within the framework of oxygen movement, the adaptive significance of greater vascular density and mitochondrial populations is understandable but mechanisms underlying development of these characteristics remain unknown. The answer may lie in another major function of both Hb and Mb, degradation of the ubiquitous bioactive compound, nitric oxide (NO). The research will test the hypothesis that loss of hemoprotein expression in icefishes has resulted in an increase in levels of NO that mediate modification of vascular systems and expansion of mitochondrial populations in oxidative tissues. The objectives of the proposal are to quantify the vascular density of retinas in +Hb and -Hb notothenioid species, to characterize NOS isoforms and catalytic activity in retina and cardiac muscle of Antarctic notothenioid fishes, to evaluate level of expression of downstream factors implicat ed in angiogenesis (in retinal tissue) and mitochondrial biogenesis (in cardiac muscle), and to determine whether inhibition of NOS in vivo results in regression of angiogenic and mitochondrial biogenic responses in icefishes. Broader impacts range from basic biology, through training of young scientists, to enhanced understanding of clinically relevant biomedical processes.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Correlative Antarctic and Inter-Hemispheric Dynamics Studies Using the MF Radar at Rothera	0438777	2009-01-01	Fritts, David	Correlative Antarctic and Inter-Hemispheric Dynamics Studies Using the MF Radar at Rothera	This proposal is to continue operation and scientific studies with the middle-frequency (MF, 1-30 MHz) mesospheric radar deployed at the British Antarctic station Rothera in 1996. This system is now a key site in the Antarctic MF radar chain near 68 deg. S, which includes also MF radars at Syowa (Japan) and Davis (Australia) stations. This radar comprises the winds component of a developing instrument suite for the mesosphere-thermosphere (MLT) studies at Rothera - a focus of the new BAS 5-year plan, which also includes the Fe temperature lidar (formerly at South Pole) and the mesopause airglow imager for gravity wave studies (formerly at Halley). The Rothera MF radar has just had its antennas and electronics upgraded to achieve better signal-to-noise ratio and more continuous measurements in height and time. The main focus of the proposed research is to extend the knowledge of the polar mesosphere dynamics. The instrument suite at Rothera is ideally positioned for correlative interhemispheric studies with northern hemisphere sites at Poker Flat, Alaska (65 deg. N) and ALOMAR, Norway (69 deg. N) having comparable instrumentation. Further research efforts performed with continued funding will focus on: (1) multi-instrument collaborative studies at Rothera to quantify as fully as possible the dynamics, structure, and variability of the MLT at that location, (2) multi-site (and multi-instrument) studies of large-scale dynamics and variability in the Antarctic (together with the radars and other instrumentation at Davis and Syowa), and (3) interhemispheric studies employing instruments (e.g., the Na resonance lidar and MF radar) at Poker Flat and ALOMAR. It is expected that these studies will lead to a more detailed understanding of (1) mean, tidal, and planetary wave structures at polar latitudes, (2) seasonal, inter-annual, and short-term variability of these structures, (3) hemispheric differences in the tidal and planetary wave structures arising from different source and wave interaction conditions, and (4) the relative influences of gravity waves in the two hemispheres. Such studies will also contribute more generally to an increased awareness of the role of high-latitude processes in global atmospheric dynamics and variability.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites	0440414	2009-01-01	Steig, Eric J.	Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites	This award supports a project to obtain stable isotope profiles from shallow (<100 m) ice cores from East Antarctica, to add to the growing database of environmental proxy data collected under the auspices of the "ITASE" (International TransAntarctic Scientific Expedition) program. In Antarctica, the instrumental record of climate is particularly short (~40 years except in a few isolated locations on the coast), and ice core proxy data are the only means available for extending this record into the past. The use of stable isotopes of water (18-O/16-O and D/H ratios) from ice cores as proxies for temperature is well established for both very short (i.e. seasonal) and long timescales (centuries, millennia). Using multivariate regression methods and shallow ice cores from West Antarctica, a reconstruction of Antarctic climate over the last ~150 years has been developed which suggests the continent has been warming, on average, at a rate of ~0.2 K/century. Further improving these reconstructions is the chief motivation for further extending the US ITASE project. Ten to fifteen shallow (~100 m) from Victoria Land, East Antarctica will be obtained and analyzed. The core will be collected along a traverse route beginning at Taylor Dome and ending at the South Pole. Age-depth relationships for the cores will be determined through a combination of stable isotopes, visual stratigraphy and seasonal chemical signatures and marker horizons. Reconstructions of Antarctic climate obtained from these cores will be incorporated into the global network of paleoclimate information, which has been important in science, policy and educational contexts. The project will include graduate student and postdoctoral training and field experience.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Boron in Antarctic granulite-facies rocks: under what conditions is boron retained in the middle crust?	0228842	2009-01-01	Grew, Edward	Boron in Antarctic granulite-facies rocks: under what conditions is boron retained in the middle crust?	This award, provided by the Antarctic Geology and Geophysics Program of the Office of Polar Programs, supports a project to investigate the role and fate of Boron in high-grade metamorphic rocks of the Larsemann Hills region of Antarctica. Trace elements provide valuable information on the changes sedimentary rocks undergo as temperature and pressure increase during burial. One such element, boron, is particularly sensitive to increasing temperature because of its affinity for aqueous fluids, which are lost as rocks are buried. Boron contents of unmetamorphosed pelitic sediments range from 20 to over 200 parts per million, but rarely exceed 5 parts per million in rocks subjected to conditions of the middle and lower crust, that is, temperatures of 700 degrees C or more in the granulite-facies, which is characterized by very low water activities at pressures of 5 to 10 kbar (18-35 km burial). Devolatization reactions with loss of aqueous fluid and partial melting with removal of melt have been cited as primary causes for boron depletion under granulite-facies conditions. Despite the pervasiveness of both these processes, rocks rich in boron are locally found in the granulite-facies, that is, there are mechanisms for retaining boron during the metamorphic process. The Larsemann Hills, Prydz Bay, Antarctica, are a prime example. More than 20 lenses and layered bodies containing four borosilicate mineral species crop out over a 50 square kilometer area, which thus would be well suited for research on boron-rich granulite-facies metamorphic rocks. While most investigators have focused on the causes for loss of boron, this work will investigate how boron is retained during high-grade metamorphism. Field observations and mapping in the Larsemann Hills, chemical analyses of minerals and their host rocks, and microprobe age dating will be used to identify possible precursors and deduce how the precursor materials recrystallized into borosilicate rocks under granulite-facies conditions. The working hypothesis is that high initial boron content facilitates retention of boron during metamorphism because above a certain threshold boron content, a mechanism 'kicks in' that facilitates retention of boron in metamorphosed rocks. For example, in a rock with large amounts of the borosilicate tourmaline, such as stratabound tourmalinite, the breakdown of tourmaline to melt could result in the formation of prismatine and grandidierite, two borosilicates found in the Larsemann Hills. This situation is rarely observed in rocks with modest boron content, in which breakdown of tourmaline releases boron into partial melts, which in turn remove boron when they leave the system. Stratabound tourmalinite is associated with manganese-rich quartzite, phosphorus-rich rocks and sulfide concentrations that could be diagnostic for recognizing a tourmalinite protolith in a highly metamorphosed complex where sedimentary features have been destroyed by deformation. Because partial melting plays an important role in the fate of boron during metamorphism, our field and laboratory research will focus on the relationship between the borosilicate units, granite pegmatites and other granitic intrusives. The results of our study will provide information on cycling of boron at deeper levels in the Earth's crust and on possible sources of boron for granites originating from deep-seated rocks. An undergraduate student will participate in the electron microprobe age-dating of monazite and xenotime as part of a senior project, thereby integrating the proposed research into the educational mission of the University of Maine. In response to a proposal for fieldwork, the Australian Antarctic Division, which maintains Davis station near the Larsemann Hills, has indicated that they will support the Antarctic fieldwork.	["POLYGON((76 -69.3,76.05 -69.3,76.1 -69.3,76.15 -69.3,76.2 -69.3,76.25 -69.3,76.3 -69.3,76.35 -69.3,76.4 -69.3,76.45 -69.3,76.5 -69.3,76.5 -69.32,76.5 -69.34,76.5 -69.36,76.5 -69.38,76.5 -69.4,76.5 -69.42,76.5 -69.44,76.5 -69.46,76.5 -69.48,76.5 -69.5,76.45 -69.5,76.4 -69.5,76.35 -69.5,76.3 -69.5,76.25 -69.5,76.2 -69.5,76.15 -69.5,76.1 -69.5,76.05 -69.5,76 -69.5,76 -69.48,76 -69.46,76 -69.44,76 -69.42,76 -69.4,76 -69.38,76 -69.36,76 -69.34,76 -69.32,76 -69.3))"]	["POINT(76.25 -69.4)"]	false	false
Laboratory Study of Stick-Slip Behavior and Deformation Mechanics of Subglacial Till	0538195	2009-01-01	Marone, Chris; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar	Laboratory Study of Stick-Slip Behavior and Deformation Mechanics of Subglacial Till	This award supports a project to conduct laboratory experiments and numerical modeling to determine the constitutive properties of subglacial till under dynamic stressing and to test the hypothesis that granular properties of till are sufficient, when coupled elastically to a large ice stream, to reproduce the field observations of triggered slip and subglacial seismicity. Testing will be carried out in a servo-controlled biaxial shear device under controlled temperature and stress conditions, which will allow both sliding and microstructural processes to be studied in detail. The main focus of the work will be on laboratory measurements. In addition, we will construct continuum models to evaluate whether our results can predict complex ice sheet motions and observed characteristics of subglacial seismicity. In terms of broader impacts, the proposed work will encourage interactions between the rock-mechanics and glaciology communities and will bring together members of different scientific backgrounds and vocabularies, but similar problems and data. The project will train undergraduate and graduate students at Penn State University and the scientists involved plan to give presentations to grade school classes, scout groups, and at community open houses. Results will be presented at professional meetings and will be published in a timely manner. The work will result in a better understanding of glacial motion and the physics of earthquake slip, which is essential for understanding ice sheet dynamics and earthquake hazard.	[]	[]	false	false
Small Grants for Exploratory Research - Oceanographic Research in the Amundsen and Ross Seas	0741380	2009-01-01	Smith, Walker	Small Grants for Exploratory Research - Oceanographic Research in the Amundsen and Ross Seas:	The research will examine the relative importance of the physical and chemical controls on phytoplankton dynamics and carbon flux in continental margin regions of the Southern Ocean, and elucidate mechanisms by which plankton populations and carbon export might be altered by climate change. We specifically will address (1) how the phytoplankton on the continental margins of the southern Ocean respond to spatial and temporal changes in temperature, light, iron supply, and carbon dioxide levels, (2) how these factors initiate changes in phytoplankton assemblage structure, and (3) how carbon export and the efficiency of the biological pump are impacted by the biomass and composition of the phytoplankton. Two regions of study (the Amundsen and Ross Seas) will be investigated, one well studied (Ross Sea) and one poorly described (Amundsen Sea). It is hypothesized that each region will have markedly different physical forcing, giving rise to distinct chemical conditions and therefore biological responses. As such, the comparison of the two may give us insights into the mechanisms of how Antarctic continental margins will respond under changing environmental conditions. Broader impacts include participation by an international graduate student from Brazil, outreach via seminars to the general public, collaboration with the teachers-in-residence on the cruise, development of a cruise web site and interactive email exchanges with local middle school students while at sea.	["POLYGON((-160 -65,-154 -65,-148 -65,-142 -65,-136 -65,-130 -65,-124 -65,-118 -65,-112 -65,-106 -65,-100 -65,-100 -66.1,-100 -67.2,-100 -68.3,-100 -69.4,-100 -70.5,-100 -71.6,-100 -72.7,-100 -73.8,-100 -74.9,-100 -76,-106 -76,-112 -76,-118 -76,-124 -76,-130 -76,-136 -76,-142 -76,-148 -76,-154 -76,-160 -76,-160 -74.9,-160 -73.8,-160 -72.7,-160 -71.6,-160 -70.5,-160 -69.4,-160 -68.3,-160 -67.2,-160 -66.1,-160 -65))"]	["POINT(-130 -70.5)"]	false	false
SGER: Primary and Secondary Production and Carbon Flux Through the Microbial Community Along the Western Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone on the Oden Southern Ocean 2007 Expeditions	0742057	2009-01-01	Dennett, Mark; Gallager, Scott	SGER: Primary and Secondary Production and Carbon Flux Through the Microbial Community Along the Western Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone on the Oden Southern Ocean 2007 Expeditions	The research will continue and extend the study in the Southern Ocean that was initiated during the Oden Southern Ocean 2006 expedition in collaboration with Swedish scientist Mellissa Chierici. We will quantify carbon flux through the food web in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) by measuring size fractionated primary and secondary production, grazing and carbon flux through nanoplankton (2-20 um), microplankton (20-200um), and mesoplankton (200-2000 um). Community structure, species abundance and size specific grazing rates will be quantified using a variety of techniques both underway and at ice stations along the MIZ. The proposed cruise track extends across the Drake Passage to the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) with three station transects along a gradient from the open ocean through the marginal ice zone (MIZ) in the Bellinghausen and Amundsen Seas and into the Ross Sea Polynya. Ice stations along each transect will provide material to characterize production associated with annual ice. Underway measurements of primary and secondary production (chlorophyll, CDOM, microplankton, and mesoplankton) and hydrography (temperature, salinity, pH, DO, turbidity) will establish a baseline for future cruises and as support for other projects such as biogeochemical studies on carbon dioxide drawdown and trace metal work on primary production. The outcome of these measurements will be a description of nano to mesoplankton standing stocks, community structure, and carbon flux along the MIZ in the Bellinghausen and Amundsen Seas and the Ross Sea Polynya.	["POLYGON((-168.291 -64.846,-165.018 -64.846,-161.745 -64.846,-158.472 -64.846,-155.199 -64.846,-151.926 -64.846,-148.653 -64.846,-145.38 -64.846,-142.107 -64.846,-138.834 -64.846,-135.561 -64.846,-135.561 -66.0269,-135.561 -67.2078,-135.561 -68.3887,-135.561 -69.5696,-135.561 -70.7505,-135.561 -71.9314,-135.561 -73.1123,-135.561 -74.2932,-135.561 -75.4741,-135.561 -76.655,-138.834 -76.655,-142.107 -76.655,-145.38 -76.655,-148.653 -76.655,-151.926 -76.655,-155.199 -76.655,-158.472 -76.655,-161.745 -76.655,-165.018 -76.655,-168.291 -76.655,-168.291 -75.4741,-168.291 -74.2932,-168.291 -73.1123,-168.291 -71.9314,-168.291 -70.7505,-168.291 -69.5696,-168.291 -68.3887,-168.291 -67.2078,-168.291 -66.0269,-168.291 -64.846))"]	["POINT(-151.926 -70.7505)"]	false	false
Triple-dating (Pb-FT-He) of Antarctic Detritus and the Origin of the Gamburtsev Mountains	0817163	2009-01-01	Gehrels, George; Reiners, Peter	Collaborative Research: SGER: Triple-dating (Pb-FT-He) of Antarctic Detritus and the Origin of the Gamburtsev Mountains	This Small Grant for Exploratory Research investigates the origin and evolution of the Gamburtsev subglacial mountains (GSM). These mountains are considered the nucleation point for Antarctica's largest ice sheets; however, being of indeterminate age, they may postdate ice sheet formation. As well, their formation could reflect tectonic events during the breakup of Gondwana. The project studies GSM-derived detrital zircon and apatite crystals from Prydz Bay obtained by the Ocean Drilling Program. Analytical work includes triple-dating thermochronometry by U/Pb, fission track, and (U/Th)/He methods. The combined technique offers insight into both high and low temperature processes, and is potentially sensitive to both the orogenic events and the subsequent cooling and exhumation due to erosion. In terms of broader impacts, this project supports research for a postdoctoral fellow.	["POLYGON((72 -66,72.3 -66,72.6 -66,72.9 -66,73.2 -66,73.5 -66,73.8 -66,74.1 -66,74.4 -66,74.7 -66,75 -66,75 -66.3,75 -66.6,75 -66.9,75 -67.2,75 -67.5,75 -67.8,75 -68.1,75 -68.4,75 -68.7,75 -69,74.7 -69,74.4 -69,74.1 -69,73.8 -69,73.5 -69,73.2 -69,72.9 -69,72.6 -69,72.3 -69,72 -69,72 -68.7,72 -68.4,72 -68.1,72 -67.8,72 -67.5,72 -67.2,72 -66.9,72 -66.6,72 -66.3,72 -66))"]	["POINT(73.5 -67.5)"]	false	false
Ross Ice Shelf Firn Temperature, Antarctica	0229546	2008-12-15	Scambos, Ted; Muto, Atsu; Sergienko, Olga; MacAyeal, Douglas	Collaborative Research of Earth's Largest Icebergs	Since November of 2006, 12 thermistors were planted in the upper 16 meters of the firn on the Ross Ice Shelf near its calving front. Temperature data are collected every 20 minutes and are transmitted via ARGOS satellite relay. Data are intended to provide a view of how firn temperatures change as the ice shelf evolves. Data are available in comma-delimited ASCII format. Data are available via FTP.	["POINT(-178 -78)"]	["POINT(-178 -78)"]	false	false
Iceberg Firn Temperatures, Antarctica	0229546	2008-11-28	Thom, Jonathan; Sergienko, Olga; MacAyeal, Douglas	Collaborative Research of Earth's Largest Icebergs	Since November of 2005, 12 thermistors were planted in the upper 2.5 meters of the firn on iceberg C16, Antarctica. Temperature data are collected every 20 minutes and are transmitted via ARGOS satellite relay. Data are intended to provide a view of how firn temperatures change as an iceberg moves north into warmer climate.	["POINT(168 -78)"]	["POINT(168 -78)"]	false	false
Marine Invertebrates of McMurdo Sound	0238281	2008-01-01	Marsh, Adam G.	CAREER: Genomic Networks for Cold-Adaptation in Embryos of Polar Marine Invertebrates	Although we envision the coastal margins of Antarctica as an extreme environment challenging to the existence of life, there are many marine invertebrates that are adapted to live and thrive under the sea ice. For two field seasons, the SCUBA diving activities of this project routinely involved photographing these animals in all the dive locations as a way to document what we observed as the dominant organisms at each site. Ice diving is very strenuous for humans, and often the constraints of managing the work on a dive, monitoring air reserves, tracking proximity to the dive hole, and the 50 minute exposure to subfreezing temperatures limits a divers ability to "catalog" observations that are not essential to the current dive plan. The photographs archived here have provided the project's dive team with the ability to "debrief" following a dive and more or less reenact the dive by moving through the photograph images. Studying these images often served as a visual trigger for divers to recall more specific observations and in many cases details in the photographs were captured without the photographer (A. Marsh) realizing that they were there (such as small, cryptic species hiding in a shadow until the strobe light fires for the photo, illuminating these secondary subjects). These photographs are intended to serve as a record of what organisms we encountered in the McMurdo Sound area in 2004 and 2005. All photographs were taken with a Nikon D-70 in a polycarbonate underwater housing using either a 18 mm (wide) or 60 mm (macro) lens.	["POLYGON((163 -77,163.4 -77,163.8 -77,164.2 -77,164.6 -77,165 -77,165.4 -77,165.8 -77,166.2 -77,166.6 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.6 -78,166.2 -78,165.8 -78,165.4 -78,165 -78,164.6 -78,164.2 -78,163.8 -78,163.4 -78,163 -78,163 -77.9,163 -77.8,163 -77.7,163 -77.6,163 -77.5,163 -77.4,163 -77.3,163 -77.2,163 -77.1,163 -77))"]	["POINT(165 -77.5)"]	false	false
Comprehensive Biological Study of Vostok Accretion Ice	0536870	2008-01-01	Rogers, Scott O.	Comprehensive Biological Study of Vostok Accretion Ice	The large subglacial Lake Vostok in Antarctica is unique ecological site with a novel microbial biota. The temperatures, pressures and lack of light all select for organisms that may not exist anywhere else on Earth. The accretion ice (lake water frozen to the bottom of the lower surface of the glacier) has preserved microbial samples from each region of Lake Vostok as the glacier passes over and into the lake. Thus, without contaminating the lake with microorganisms from the surface, microbes originating from the lake can be collected, transported to the laboratory and studied. Two of the deepest ice cores sections in this project are part of the international allocation. The will be shared between four researchers (Sergey Bulat from Russia, Jean-Robert Petit and Daniel Prieur from France, Scott Rogers from USA). The United States team will study, isolate, and characterize bacteria, fungi, and viruses that have been sampled from the lake through the process of ice accretion to the lower surface of 3500+m thick glacier overriding the lake. The project will involve a suite of methods, including molecular, morphological, and cultural. This includes observation and description by fluorescence, light, and electron microscopy, isolation on thirteen separate cultural media, polymerase chain reaction amplification, DNA sequencing, and phylogenetic analyses. Eleven accretion ice core sections, as well as two glacial ice core sections. As well as two glacial ice core sections will be studied. The accretion ice core sections, as well as two glacial ice core sections will be studied. The accretion ice core sections represent all of the major regions of the lake that have been sampled by the accretion process in the vicinity of the Vostok 5G ice core. The broader impacts of the work relate to the impact the results will have on the filed. These long=isolated lakes, deep below the Antarctic ice sheet may contain novel uniquely adapted organisms. Glacial ice contains an enormous diversity of entrapped microbes, some of which may be metabolically active in the ice. The microbes from Lake Vostok are of special interest, since they are adapted to cold, dark, and high pressure. Thus, their enzyme systems and biochemical pathways may be significantly different from those in the microbes that are the subject of current studies. As such, these organisms may form compounds that may have useful applications. Also, study of the accretion ice, and eventually the water, from Lake Vostok will provide a basis for the study of other subglacial lakes. Additionally, study of the microbes in the accretion ice will be useful to those planning to study analogous systems on ice-covered planets and moons.	["POINT(106.8 -72.4667)"]	["POINT(106.8 -72.4667)"]	false	false
Atmospheric CO2 and Climate: Byrd Ice Core, Antarctica	0337891	2007-10-26	Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho	Developing Dry Extraction of Ice Core Gases and Application to Millennial-Scale Variability in Atmospheric CO2	Reconstructions of ancient atmospheric CO2 variations help us better understand how the global carbon cycle and climate are linked. This data set compares CO2 variations on millennial time scales between 20,000 and 90,000 years with an Antarctic temperature proxy and records of abrupt climate change in the Northern hemisphere.	["POINT(-119.833611 -80.01)"]	["POINT(-119.833611 -80.01)"]	false	false
Antarctic Mean Annual Temperature Map	0229573	2007-04-04	Dixon, Daniel A.	A Science Management Office for the U. S. Component of the International Trans Antarctic Expedition (US ITASE SMO)A Collaborative Pgrm of Research from S. Pole to N. Victoria Land	The Mean Annual Temperature map was calculated by creating a contour map using compiled 10 meter firn temperature data from NSIDC and other mean annual temperature data from both cores and stations. The 10 meter data contains temperature measurements dating back to 1957 and the International Geophysical Year, including measurements from several major recent surveys. Data cover the entire continental ice sheet and several ice shelves, but coverage density is generally low. Data are stored in Microsoft Excel and Tagged Image File Format (TIFF), and are available sporadically from 1957 to 2003 via FTP.	["POLYGON((-180 -65,-144 -65,-108 -65,-72 -65,-36 -65,0 -65,36 -65,72 -65,108 -65,144 -65,180 -65,180 -67.5,180 -70,180 -72.5,180 -75,180 -77.5,180 -80,180 -82.5,180 -85,180 -87.5,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87.5,-180 -85,-180 -82.5,-180 -80,-180 -77.5,-180 -75,-180 -72.5,-180 -70,-180 -67.5,-180 -65))"]	["POINT(0 -89.999)"]	false	false
Decadal-Length Composite West Antarctic Air Temperature Records	9526566	2006-11-28	Shuman, Christopher A.; Stearns, Charles R.	Passive Microwave Remote Sensing for Paleoclimate Indicators at Siple Dome, Antarctica	This data set includes daily, monthly, and yearly mean surface air temperatures for four interior West Antarctic sites between 1978 and 1997. Data include air surface temperatures measured at the Byrd, Lettau, Lynn, and Siple Station automatic weather stations. In addition, because weather stations in Antarctica are difficult to maintain, and resulting multi-decade records are often incomplete, the investigators also calculated surface temperatures from satellite passive microwave brightness temperatures. Calibration of 37-GHz vertically polarized brightness temperature data during periods of known air temperature, using emissivity modeling, allowed the investigators to replace data gaps with calibrated brightness temperatures. MS Excel data files and GIF images derived from the data are available via ftp from the National Snow and Ice Data Center.	["POINT(-119.4 -80.01)", "POINT(-174.45 -82.52)", "POINT(-84 -75.9)", "POINT(160.41 -74.21)"]	["POINT(-119.4 -80.01)", "POINT(-174.45 -82.52)", "POINT(-84 -75.9)", "POINT(160.41 -74.21)"]	false	false
AWS Data: Characteristics of Snow Megadunes and Their Potential Effect on Ice Core Interpretation	0225992 0125570	2006-10-05	Fahnestock, Mark; Scambos, Ted; Haran, Terry; Bauer, Rob	Collaborative Research: Characteristics of Snow Megadunes and Their Potential Effect on Ice Core Interpretation	The Antarctic megadune research was conducted during two field seasons, one in November 2002 and the other during the period of December 2003 through January 2004. The megadune field site is located on the East Antarctic Plateau, southeast of Vostok station. The objectives of this multi-facetted research are 1) to determine the physical characteristics of the firn across the dunes including typical climate indicators such as stable isotopes and major chemical species and 2) to install instruments to measure the time variation of near-surface wind and temperature with depth, to test and refine hypotheses for megadune formation. It is important to improve our current understanding of the megadunes because of their extreme nature, their broad extent, and their potential impact on the climate record. Megadunes are a manifestation of an extreme terrestrial climate and may provide insight on the past terrestrial climate or on processes active on other planets. Snow megadunes are undulating variations in accumulation and surface texture with wavelengths of 2 to 5 km and amplitudes up to 5 meters. The features cover 500,000 km<sup>2</sup> of the East Antarctic plateau, occurring in areas of moderate regional slope and low accumulation on the flanks of the ice sheet between 2500 and 3800 meters elevation. Landsat images and aerial photography indicate the dunes consist of alternating surfaces of glaze and rough sastrugi, with gradational boundaries. This pattern is oriented perpendicular to the mean wind direction, as modeled in katabatic wind studies. Glazed surfaces cover the leeward faces and troughs; rough sastrugi cover the windward faces and crests. The megadune pattern is crossed by smooth to eroded wind-parallel longitudinal dunes. Wind-eroded longitudinal dunes form spectacular 1-meter-high sastrugi in nearby areas. This data set contains automated weather station (AWS) data from two sites. The Mac site was oriented on the rough sastrugi-covered windward face and the Zoe site was on the glazed leeward face. The AWSs collected data throughout the year from 16 January 2004 to 17 November 2004. Investigators received data from the two field sites via the ARGOS Satellite System (http://www.argosinc.com/). Data are provided in space-delimited ASCII text format and are available via FTP.	["POLYGON((124.4345 -80.77546,124.443718 -80.77546,124.452936 -80.77546,124.462154 -80.77546,124.471372 -80.77546,124.48059 -80.77546,124.489808 -80.77546,124.499026 -80.77546,124.508244 -80.77546,124.517462 -80.77546,124.52668 -80.77546,124.52668 -80.776922,124.52668 -80.778384,124.52668 -80.779846,124.52668 -80.781308,124.52668 -80.78277,124.52668 -80.784232,124.52668 -80.785694,124.52668 -80.787156,124.52668 -80.788618,124.52668 -80.79008,124.517462 -80.79008,124.508244 -80.79008,124.499026 -80.79008,124.489808 -80.79008,124.48059 -80.79008,124.471372 -80.79008,124.462154 -80.79008,124.452936 -80.79008,124.443718 -80.79008,124.4345 -80.79008,124.4345 -80.788618,124.4345 -80.787156,124.4345 -80.785694,124.4345 -80.784232,124.4345 -80.78277,124.4345 -80.781308,124.4345 -80.779846,124.4345 -80.778384,124.4345 -80.776922,124.4345 -80.77546))"]	["POINT(124.48059 -80.78277)"]	false	false
Firn Air Inert Gas and Oxygen Observations from Siple Dome, 1996, and the South Pole, 2001	9725305 0230260 0230452	2006-08-17	Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Battle, Mark; Bender, Michael	Collaborative Research: Trapped Gas Composition and the Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core	This data set includes gas ratios in polar firn air: O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>, <sup>15</sup>N/<sup>14</sup>N, <sup>40</sup>Ar/N<sub>2</sub>, <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>36</sup>Ar, <sup>40</sup>Ar/<sup>38</sup>Ar, <sup>84</sup>Kr/<sup>36</sup>Ar, <sup>132</sup>Xe/<sup>36</sup>Ar, and <sup>22</sup>Ne/<sup>36</sup>Ar. Investigators sampled air from the permeable snowpack (firn) layer at two sites: Siple Dome, Antarctica in 1996 and at the South Pole in 2001. They observed and modeled the processes of gravitational settling, thermal fractionation, and preferential exclusion of small gas molecules from closed air bubbles. The purpose of this study was to understand these physical processes, which affect the composition of bubbles trapped in ice. By measuring these gas ratios in the ancient air preserved in bubbles trapped in ice, researchers can determine past atmospheric composition and local temperature changes along with the relative timing and magnitude of such events. The data file is available in Microsoft Excel format. The research paper is available in PDF. Data and the research paper are available via FTP.	["POINT(-148.767 -80.667)", "POINT(0 -90)"]	["POINT(-148.767 -80.667)", "POINT(0 -90)"]	false	false
GPR and GPS Data: Characteristics of Snow Megadunes and their Potential Effects on Ice Core Interpretation	0125276	2006-06-10	Scambos, Ted; Bauer, Rob	Collaborative Research: Characteristics of Snow Megadunes and Their Potential Effect on Ice Core Interpretation	The Antarctic megadune research was conducted during two field seasons, one in November 2002 and the other in December 2003 through January 2004. The megadune field site is located on the East Antarctic Plateau, southeast of Vostok station. The objectives of this multi-facetted research are to determine the physical characteristics of the firn across the dunes including typical climate indicators such as stable isotopes and major chemical species and to install instruments to measure the time variation of near-surface wind and temperature with depth, to test and refine hypotheses for megadune formation. It is important to improve our current understanding of the megadunes because of their extreme nature, their broad extent, and their potential impact on the climate record. Megadunes are a manifestation of an extreme terrestrial climate and may provide insight on past terrestrial climate or on processes active on other planets. Snow megadunes are undulating variations in accumulation and surface texture with wavelengths of 2 to 5 km and amplitudes up to 5 meters. The features cover 500,000 km<sup>2</sup> of the East Antarctic plateau, occurring in areas of moderate regional slope and low accumulation on the flanks of the ice sheet between 2500 and 3800 meters elevation. Landsat images and aerial photography indicate the dunes consist of alternating surfaces of glaze and rough sastrugi, with gradational boundaries. This pattern is oriented perpendicular to the mean wind direction, as modeled in katabatic wind studies. Glaze surfaces cover the leeward faces and troughs; rough sastrugi cover the windward faces and crests. The megadune pattern is crossed by smooth to eroded wind-parallel longitudinal dunes. Wind-eroded longitudinal dunes form spectacular 1-meter-high sastrugi in nearby areas. This data set contains ground penetrating radar (GPR) data showing surface morphology and internal layering structure along with global positioning system (GPS) data collected within an area of 60 km<sup>2</sup>. GPS data are provided in space-delimited ASCII text Microsoft Excel formats, while GPR data are in JPEG format. Data are available via FTP.	["POLYGON((124.0218 -80.5304,124.22264 -80.5304,124.42348 -80.5304,124.62432 -80.5304,124.82516 -80.5304,125.026 -80.5304,125.22684 -80.5304,125.42768 -80.5304,125.62852 -80.5304,125.82936 -80.5304,126.0302 -80.5304,126.0302 -80.55538,126.0302 -80.58036,126.0302 -80.60534,126.0302 -80.63032,126.0302 -80.6553,126.0302 -80.68028,126.0302 -80.70526,126.0302 -80.73024,126.0302 -80.75522,126.0302 -80.7802,125.82936 -80.7802,125.62852 -80.7802,125.42768 -80.7802,125.22684 -80.7802,125.026 -80.7802,124.82516 -80.7802,124.62432 -80.7802,124.42348 -80.7802,124.22264 -80.7802,124.0218 -80.7802,124.0218 -80.75522,124.0218 -80.73024,124.0218 -80.70526,124.0218 -80.68028,124.0218 -80.6553,124.0218 -80.63032,124.0218 -80.60534,124.0218 -80.58036,124.0218 -80.55538,124.0218 -80.5304))"]	["POINT(125.026 -80.6553)"]	false	false
Analysis of Siple Dome Ice Core: Carbonyl Sulfide (COS), Methyl Chloride (CH3Cl), and Methyl Bromide (CH3Br)	0338359	2005-11-16	Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat	Methyl chloride and methyl bromide in Antarctic ice cores	This data set is part of the WAISCORES (West Antarctic Ice Sheet cores) project, research funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and designed to improve understanding of how the West Antarctic ice sheet influences climate and sea level change. WAISCORES investigators acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. These data provide researchers with a record of natural climatic variability and anthropogenic influence on biogeochemical cycles. Because ice cores contain an archive of preindustrial air, a baseline can be established, and the extent of human impact on the climate can be ascertained. This data set includes mixing ratios of carbonyl sulfide (COS), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and methyl bromide (CH3Br). Data samples were retrieved from the Siple C ice core, which was drilled at 81.65° S, 148.81° W in December 1995. The core site sits 620 m above sea level near the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf where there is a mean annual temperature of -25.4 °C. Data are available via FTP.	["POINT(-148.81 -81.65)"]	["POINT(-148.81 -81.65)"]	false	false
Extended Advanced Very High Resolution Radiometer Polar Pathfinder Satellite Product	None	2004-12-14	Key, Jeffrey R.	No project link provided	This data set consists of AVHRR retrievals of surface and cloud properties as well as radiative fluxes for the period 1982 - 1999 over the Arctic and Antarctic at a 25 km resolution. The images times are 1400 and 0400 (Arctic) or 0200 (Antarctic) local solar times. Resulsts are calculated on a twice-daily basis, but only monthly mean images and area-averaged values are currently online. The standard AVHRR Polar Pathfinder (APP) product includes gridded radiances, viewing and illumination geometry, clear sky surface temperature and albedo, and three cloud masks at a 5 km resolution. We have extended the standard APP product to include all-sky surface temperature, all-sky surface albedo, cloud properties (particle phase, effective radius, optical depth, temperature and pressure), and radiative fluxes as well as cloud radiative effect (“forcing”). We refer to this dataset as APP-x	[]	[]	false	false
Newall Glacier Ice Core and Snow Pit Beta Profiles, Chemistry, and Stratigraphy	8411018 8613786	2004-08-26	Welch, Kathy A.; Mayewski, Paul A.	Characterization of Climatic Events for the Last 2 x 103y through the Retrieval of Ice Cores from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica	This data set includes beta profiles, chemistry, stratigraphy data, and density and temperature profiles collected from snow pits and two ice cores on the Newall Glacier. Snow pit and ice core data were collected between 1987 and 1989. Ice Core A was 175 meters long and core B was 150 meters long.	["POINT(162.5 -77.61667)"]	["POINT(162.5 -77.61667)"]	false	false
Vostok Ice Core Chemistry, Timescale, Isotope, and Temperature Data	None	2004-08-26	Lal, Devendra; Barnola, J. M.; Petit, Jean Robert; Jouzel, Jean; Sowers, Todd A.; Brook, Edward J.; Bender, Michael; Fishcer, Hubertus; Blunier, Thomas; Ruddiman, William; Raymo, Maureen; Lorius, Claude; Chappellaz, Jerome	No project link provided	This data set contains ice core chemistry, timescale, isotope, and temperature data analyzed by several investigators. In January 1998, the collaborative ice-drilling project between Russia, the United States, and France at the Russian Vostok station in East Antarctica yielded the deepest ice core ever recovered, reaching a depth of 3,623 m. Preliminary data indicate the Vostok ice-core record extends through four climate cycles, with ice slightly older than 400 kyr.	["POINT(106.8 -78.4666667)"]	["POINT(106.8 -78.4666667)"]	false	false
Snow and Firn Temperature and Permeability Measurements from Siple Dome, Antarctica	9526601	2001-12-01	Albert, Mary R.	Near-Surface Processes Affecting Gas Exchange: West Antarctic Ice Sheet	This data set includes measurements of snow and firn temperature and permeability collected between November 1998 and June 1999 at Siple Dome. The physical characteristics of snow determine the nature of air-snow exchange processes, which in turn affect chemical records in ice cores. Thus a better understanding of the physical properties of snow will improve interpretation of ice core records of atmospheric composition. Data are available via ftp in both ASCII and Excel formats.	["POINT(-148 -81)"]	["POINT(-148 -81)"]	false	false
Stable isotope and minor element proxies for Eocene climate of Seymour Island, Antarctica	9980538	2001-06-11	Lohmann, Kyger	Evolution of Sea Surface Temperatures in the Coastal Antarctic Paleoenvironment During the Late Cretaceous and Paleogene	Geochemical composition of shells of the bivalve, Cucullaea from the La Meseta Formation, Seymour Island, Antarctica.	[]	[]	false	false
Firn Air Isotope and Temperature Measurements from Siple Dome and South Pole	9725918 9725305	2001-01-01	Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Battle, Mark; Grachev, Alexi	Thermal Fractionation of Firn Air and the Ice Core Record of Abrupt Interstadial Climate Change	This data set includes d15N, d18O/2, dO2/N2/4, d40Ar/4, d38/Ar/2, d84Kr/48, and d132Xe/96 values for air drawn from the top 15 to 50 m of firn at the South Pole (summer and winter 1998) and a site at Siple Dome (summers 1996 and 1998). Data also include related firn temperature measurements. The objective of this research was to better understand thermal fractionation processes affecting records of atmospheric history from firn and ice core gases. Recent work (e.g., Severinghaus and Brook, 1999) has exploited trapped air in ice and deep firn as a record of past atmospheric composition and climate change. Interpretation of these paleoclimate archives is complicated by artifacts of thermal diffusion, a process in which heavier gases migrate down temperature gradients toward colder regions in the firn. Seasonal temperature change at the snow surface creates strong temperature gradients in the top few meters of the firn, which cause isotopic fractionation of firn gases. A specific goal of this research is to identify any long-term effects of seasonal temperature fluctuations on firn air isotopic anomalies.	["POINT(-102 -89.997)", "POINT(-148.767 -81.667)"]	["POINT(-102 -89.997)", "POINT(-148.767 -81.667)"]	false	false
Newall Glacier Snow Pit and Ice Core, 1987 to 1989	None	1999-01-01	Mayewski, Paul A.; Whitlow, Sallie	Characterization of Climatic Events for the Last 2 x 103y through the Retrieval of Ice Cores from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica	Snow pit and ice core data from the Newall Glacier (location - 162 30' East, 77 35' South) were collected during 1987 and 1988. These include information on chemistry, Beta profiles and stratigraphy. Ice cores were collected during the austral summer of 1988-1989 and contain information on chemistry, Pb- 210 profiles, density profiles and temperature profiles. Core A was 175 meters long and core B was 150 meters long. The snow pits were dug and sampled by the Glacier Research Group (GRG), using established protocols to prevent contamination. The samples for major ion chemistry remained frozen until melted for analysis in the GRG lab, located at the University of New Hampshire (UNH), and all core processing was done by GRG established protocols to prevent contamination. Major ions were analyzed using suppressed ion chromatography.	["POINT(162 -77)"]	["POINT(162 -77)"]	false	false
Polar MM5 model output over Antarctica and high-latitude Southern Ocean during 1993	None	1993-01-01	Bromwich, David	No project link provided	This gridded dataset consists of output from the Polar MM5, a version of the Pennsylvania State University / National Center for Atmospheric Research Fifth Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5; version 2) modified for use over extensive ice sheets. More information on the Polar MM5, including a model description and validation studies, is available at http://www-bprc.mps.ohio-state.edu. A series of 72-h non-hydrostatic forecasts are run for a 1-y period (Jan 1993-Dec 1993) overAntarctica and the high-latitude Southern Ocean. The first 24-h of each forecast are discarded for spin up. The horizontal grid resolution is 60-km, with 120 grid points in the x and y direction. The model topography data are interpolated from a 5-km resolution digital elevation model. The ice shelves are manually identified from climatic maps, and represented as permanent ice. The vertical resolution is represented by 28 sigma levels, with the lowest at 11-m above ground level. The initial and boundary conditions include 12-hourly ECMWF TOGA (2.5 deg) global analysis for the surface and upper air variables, 6-hourly ECMWF TOGA (1.125 deg) global analysis for sea surface temperature, and daily DMSP SSM/I polar gridded sea ice concentration (25-km) from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Model output is in native MM5 format, and available variables are numerous, The reader is referred to the MM5 website for a complete list of variables, as well as detailed documentation and tools for reading and plotting the data. Go to the MM5 homepage at http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5/mm5-home.html. This dataset is currently available upon request from the Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, Columbus, OH. Email David Bromwich (bromwich@polarmet1.mps.ohio-state.edu).	[]	[]	false	false

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