{"dp_type": "Dataset", "free_text": "Oceans"}
[{"awards": "1744602 Iken, Katrin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-68 -64.5,-67.5 -64.5,-67 -64.5,-66.5 -64.5,-66 -64.5,-65.5 -64.5,-65 -64.5,-64.5 -64.5,-64 -64.5,-63.5 -64.5,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.95,-63 -65.4,-63 -65.85,-63 -66.3,-63 -66.75,-63 -67.2,-63 -67.65,-63 -68.1,-63 -68.55,-63 -69,-63.5 -69,-64 -69,-64.5 -69,-65 -69,-65.5 -69,-66 -69,-66.5 -69,-67 -69,-67.5 -69,-68 -69,-68 -68.55,-68 -68.1,-68 -67.65,-68 -67.2,-68 -66.75,-68 -66.3,-68 -65.85,-68 -65.4,-68 -64.95,-68 -64.5))"], "date_created": "Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The purpose of this dataset was to determine the importance of macroalgal primary producers to the coastal invertebrate food webs along a gradient of sites with increasing mean annual sea ice cover. This dataset contains the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values, in addition to carbon and nitrogen content, of various coastal primary producers and invertebrate consumers from 15 stations along the Antarctic Peninsula from 64 to 69 degree latitude south collected in 2019. Primary producers included multiple species of macroalgae, particulate organic matter (POM) as a proxy of phytoplankton production, and benthic diatoms (where they occurred). Consumers included various benthic invertebrates of different feeding types, from suspension feeders (like sponges and ascidians) to predators/omnivores (like sea stars). ", "east": -63.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65.5 -66.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Carbon; Carbon Isotopes; LMG1904; Nitrogen Isotopes; Oceans", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -64.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Iken, Katrin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Carbon and nitrogen isotope data along a gradient at the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "601653", "west": -68.0}, {"awards": "1643735 Li, Yun; 2021245 Li, Yun", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -61.8,180 -63.6,180 -65.4,180 -67.2,180 -69,180 -70.8,180 -72.6,180 -74.4,180 -76.2,180 -78,144 -78,108 -78,72 -78,36 -78,0 -78,-36 -78,-72 -78,-108 -78,-144 -78,-180 -78,-180 -76.2,-180 -74.4,-180 -72.6,-180 -70.8,-180 -69,-180 -67.2,-180 -65.4,-180 -63.6,-180 -61.8,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Mon, 12 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Coastal Antarctic polynyas are regions with concentrated phytoplankton blooms, and therefore have important implications for marine ecosystems and the associated carbon cycles. Seasonal water-column stratification, regulated by sea ice, can modulate the exposure of phytoplankton to light and nutrients, and is one of the most important factors that control the duration and strength of algal blooms. Polynyas differ greatly in their stratification, thus are not equally productive in terms of phytoplankton biomass, nor equally vulnerable to the changes in regional climate. To date, most studies have been focusing on individual polynyas, yet a systematic assessment of stratification patterns across polynyas is still lacking. Therefore, we examined the spatial and seasonal variability of stratification in circum-Antarctic coastal polynyas. Using \u003e105 in situ hydrographic casts combined from the World Ocean Database (1970-2021) and the Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole Consortium Database (2004-2017), we constructed stratification seasonal climatology using 0-100 m Simpson Energy. Our results showed that stratification magnitude varies by a factor of 6 and its onset time displays 1-2 months difference across all the polynyas. In the presence of warmer water at depths, polynyas tend to develop stronger stratification than others. The spatial variations of stratification are negatively related to sea ice retreat rate and polynya size, indicative of distinct dynamics resulted from the interaction of sea ice melting, advection and water-column mixing.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctic; Antarctica; Antarctic coastal polynyas; Polynya", "locations": "Antarctic coastal polynyas; Antarctic; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Li, Yun; Shunk, Nathan; Zhang, Weifeng", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010044", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Monthly Stratification Climatology (1978-2021) in Antarctic Coastal Polynyas", "uid": "601628", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1341333 McClintock, James; 1341339 Baker, Bill", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.3622 -64.72805,-64.325087 -64.72805,-64.287974 -64.72805,-64.250861 -64.72805,-64.213748 -64.72805,-64.176635 -64.72805,-64.139522 -64.72805,-64.102409 -64.72805,-64.065296 -64.72805,-64.028183 -64.72805,-63.99107 -64.72805,-63.99107 -64.74691299999999,-63.99107 -64.765776,-63.99107 -64.784639,-63.99107 -64.803502,-63.99107 -64.82236499999999,-63.99107 -64.841228,-63.99107 -64.860091,-63.99107 -64.878954,-63.99107 -64.897817,-63.99107 -64.91668,-64.028183 -64.91668,-64.065296 -64.91668,-64.102409 -64.91668,-64.139522 -64.91668,-64.176635 -64.91668,-64.213748 -64.91668,-64.250861 -64.91668,-64.287974 -64.91668,-64.325087 -64.91668,-64.3622 -64.91668,-64.3622 -64.897817,-64.3622 -64.878954,-64.3622 -64.860091,-64.3622 -64.841228,-64.3622 -64.82236499999999,-64.3622 -64.803502,-64.3622 -64.784639,-64.3622 -64.765776,-64.3622 -64.74691299999999,-64.3622 -64.72805))"], "date_created": "Tue, 22 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Data from Sabrina Heiser\u0027s study of Plocamium sp. benthic transect and transplant studies. ", "east": -63.99107, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.176635 -64.82236499999999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic; Biota; Macroalgae; Mesograzer; Microscopy; Oceans; Secondary Metabolites", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -64.72805, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.91668, "title": "Plocamium transect and transplant data", "uid": "601621", "west": -64.3622}, {"awards": "1744550 Amsler, Charles; 1744570 Galloway, Aaron; 1744602 Iken, Katrin; 1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-67.77137 -64.77195,-67.3795463 -64.77195,-66.9877226 -64.77195,-66.59589890000001 -64.77195,-66.2040752 -64.77195,-65.8122515 -64.77195,-65.4204278 -64.77195,-65.0286041 -64.77195,-64.6367804 -64.77195,-64.2449567 -64.77195,-63.853133 -64.77195,-63.853133 -65.16396350000001,-63.853133 -65.555977,-63.853133 -65.9479905,-63.853133 -66.34000400000001,-63.853133 -66.73201750000001,-63.853133 -67.124031,-63.853133 -67.5160445,-63.853133 -67.90805800000001,-63.853133 -68.3000715,-63.853133 -68.692085,-64.2449567 -68.692085,-64.6367804 -68.692085,-65.0286041 -68.692085,-65.4204278 -68.692085,-65.8122515 -68.692085,-66.2040752 -68.692085,-66.59589890000001 -68.692085,-66.9877226 -68.692085,-67.3795463 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.3000715,-67.77137 -67.90805800000001,-67.77137 -67.5160445,-67.77137 -67.124031,-67.77137 -66.73201750000001,-67.77137 -66.34000400000001,-67.77137 -65.9479905,-67.77137 -65.555977,-67.77137 -65.16396350000001,-67.77137 -64.77195))"], "date_created": "Thu, 17 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset consists of a file with results of community analyses from underwater video transects along the benthos at 14 sites between the Joubin Islands in the north and the Terra Firma Islands in the south. ", "east": -63.853133, "geometry": ["POINT(-65.8122515 -66.73201750000001)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; benthic communities; Biota; Macroalgae; Macroinvertebrates; Oceans; video transects", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -64.77195, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.692085, "title": "Underwater video transect community analysis data", "uid": "601619", "west": -67.77137}, {"awards": "1644118 Dunbar, Robert; 1644159 Jacobs, Stanley", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-108 -73,-107.1 -73,-106.2 -73,-105.3 -73,-104.4 -73,-103.5 -73,-102.6 -73,-101.7 -73,-100.8 -73,-99.9 -73,-99 -73,-99 -73.3,-99 -73.6,-99 -73.9,-99 -74.2,-99 -74.5,-99 -74.8,-99 -75.1,-99 -75.4,-99 -75.7,-99 -76,-99.9 -76,-100.8 -76,-101.7 -76,-102.6 -76,-103.5 -76,-104.4 -76,-105.3 -76,-106.2 -76,-107.1 -76,-108 -76,-108 -75.7,-108 -75.4,-108 -75.1,-108 -74.8,-108 -74.5,-108 -74.2,-108 -73.9,-108 -73.6,-108 -73.3,-108 -73))"], "date_created": "Fri, 23 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Seawater d18O and hydrographic data (temperature, salinity, oxygen where available) for 5 cruises to the Amundsen Sea in 2000, 2007, 2009, 2019, 2020", "east": -99.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-103.5 -74.5)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Chemistry:Water; CTD; d18O; NBP0001; NBP0702; NBP0901; NBP1901; NBP2002; Oceans; Oxygen Isotope; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; seawater isotope; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -73.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Hennig, Andrew", "project_titles": "Estimation of Antarctic Ice Melt using Stable Isotopic Analyses of Seawater; West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010380", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Estimation of Antarctic Ice Melt using Stable Isotopic Analyses of Seawater"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010208", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.0, "title": "Antarctic Seawater d18O isotope data from SE Amundsen Sea: 2000, 2007, 2009, 2019, 2020", "uid": "601611", "west": -108.0}, {"awards": "1744550 Amsler, Charles", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-67.77137 -64.77195,-67.3795463 -64.77195,-66.9877226 -64.77195,-66.59589890000001 -64.77195,-66.2040752 -64.77195,-65.8122515 -64.77195,-65.4204278 -64.77195,-65.0286041 -64.77195,-64.6367804 -64.77195,-64.2449567 -64.77195,-63.853133 -64.77195,-63.853133 -65.16396350000001,-63.853133 -65.555977,-63.853133 -65.9479905,-63.853133 -66.34000400000001,-63.853133 -66.73201750000001,-63.853133 -67.124031,-63.853133 -67.5160445,-63.853133 -67.90805800000001,-63.853133 -68.3000715,-63.853133 -68.692085,-64.2449567 -68.692085,-64.6367804 -68.692085,-65.0286041 -68.692085,-65.4204278 -68.692085,-65.8122515 -68.692085,-66.2040752 -68.692085,-66.59589890000001 -68.692085,-66.9877226 -68.692085,-67.3795463 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.3000715,-67.77137 -67.90805800000001,-67.77137 -67.5160445,-67.77137 -67.124031,-67.77137 -66.73201750000001,-67.77137 -66.34000400000001,-67.77137 -65.9479905,-67.77137 -65.555977,-67.77137 -65.16396350000001,-67.77137 -64.77195))"], "date_created": "Fri, 23 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset consists of underwater videos of transects along the benthos at 14 sites between the Joubin Islands in the north and the Terra Firma Islands in the south. These were used for community analyses of the benthic communities. ", "east": -63.853133, "geometry": ["POINT(-65.8122515 -66.73201750000001)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; benthic communities; Biota; Macroalgae; Macroinvertebrates; Oceans; video transects", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -64.77195, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.692085, "title": "Underwater transect videos used for community analyses", "uid": "601610", "west": -67.77137}, {"awards": "1744562 Loose, Brice; 1341717 Ackley, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -71,-179.9 -71,-179.8 -71,-179.7 -71,-179.6 -71,-179.5 -71,-179.4 -71,-179.3 -71,-179.2 -71,-179.1 -71,-179 -71,-179 -71.7,-179 -72.4,-179 -73.1,-179 -73.8,-179 -74.5,-179 -75.2,-179 -75.9,-179 -76.6,-179 -77.3,-179 -78,-179.1 -78,-179.2 -78,-179.3 -78,-179.4 -78,-179.5 -78,-179.6 -78,-179.7 -78,-179.8 -78,-179.9 -78,180 -78,177.5 -78,175 -78,172.5 -78,170 -78,167.5 -78,165 -78,162.5 -78,160 -78,157.5 -78,155 -78,155 -77.3,155 -76.6,155 -75.9,155 -75.2,155 -74.5,155 -73.8,155 -73.1,155 -72.4,155 -71.7,155 -71,157.5 -71,160 -71,162.5 -71,165 -71,167.5 -71,170 -71,172.5 -71,175 -71,177.5 -71,-180 -71))"], "date_created": "Thu, 15 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Discrete noble gases were collected by cold-welded copper tubes within the Amundsen and Ross Sea polynyas. ", "east": -179.0, "geometry": ["POINT(168 -74.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:Fluid; Mass Spectrometer; NBP1704; Noble Gas; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -71.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Loose, Brice", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica; Measuring Dissolved Gases to Reveal the Processes that Drive the Solubility Pump and Determine Gas Concentration in Antarctic Bottom Water", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010376", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Measuring Dissolved Gases to Reveal the Processes that Drive the Solubility Pump and Determine Gas Concentration in Antarctic Bottom Water"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "PIPERS Noble Gases", "uid": "601609", "west": 155.0}, {"awards": "1341464 Robinson, Rebecca", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-170.4 -60.8,-170.36 -60.8,-170.32 -60.8,-170.28 -60.8,-170.24 -60.8,-170.2 -60.8,-170.16 -60.8,-170.12 -60.8,-170.08 -60.8,-170.04 -60.8,-170 -60.8,-170 -61.34,-170 -61.88,-170 -62.42,-170 -62.96,-170 -63.5,-170 -64.04,-170 -64.58,-170 -65.12,-170 -65.66,-170 -66.2,-170.04 -66.2,-170.08 -66.2,-170.12 -66.2,-170.16 -66.2,-170.2 -66.2,-170.24 -66.2,-170.28 -66.2,-170.32 -66.2,-170.36 -66.2,-170.4 -66.2,-170.4 -65.66,-170.4 -65.12,-170.4 -64.58,-170.4 -64.04,-170.4 -63.5,-170.4 -62.96,-170.4 -62.42,-170.4 -61.88,-170.4 -61.34,-170.4 -60.8))"], "date_created": "Mon, 14 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Community composition data, generated in support of a field-based experimental investigation of the role of diatom assemblages in setting the isotopic composition of diatom bound N, show significant assemblage differences between ~66S and ~61S in the Southern Ocean during the late summer.", "east": -170.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-170.2 -63.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Carboy Growouts; Diatom; Diatom Assemblage Data; NBP1702; Oceans; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Southern Ocean; Southern Ocean Summer", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.8, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Jones, Colin; Robinson, Rebecca; Riesselman, Christina; Robinson, Rebecca ", "project_titles": "Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010083", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.2, "title": "Diatom assemblage counts from NBP17-02 shipboard carboy experiments", "uid": "601523", "west": -170.4}, {"awards": "1341464 Robinson, Rebecca", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-170.4 -60.8,-170.36 -60.8,-170.32 -60.8,-170.28 -60.8,-170.24 -60.8,-170.2 -60.8,-170.16 -60.8,-170.12 -60.8,-170.08 -60.8,-170.04 -60.8,-170 -60.8,-170 -61.34,-170 -61.88,-170 -62.42,-170 -62.96,-170 -63.5,-170 -64.04,-170 -64.58,-170 -65.12,-170 -65.66,-170 -66.2,-170.04 -66.2,-170.08 -66.2,-170.12 -66.2,-170.16 -66.2,-170.2 -66.2,-170.24 -66.2,-170.28 -66.2,-170.32 -66.2,-170.36 -66.2,-170.4 -66.2,-170.4 -65.66,-170.4 -65.12,-170.4 -64.58,-170.4 -64.04,-170.4 -63.5,-170.4 -62.96,-170.4 -62.42,-170.4 -61.88,-170.4 -61.34,-170.4 -60.8))"], "date_created": "Mon, 14 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Tracking variations in the surface ocean supply and demand of nitrate, a key marine nutrient, can help constrain the contribution of biological production in driving past climate shifts. The nitrogen isotopic composition (as \u03b415N) of organic matter in marine sediments is a proxy for surface ocean nitrate supply and demand over time but it may be subject to alteration during sinking and burial. The isotopic composition of nitrogen contained in the shells, or frustules, of diatoms (\u03b415NDB) is protected and is therefore a potentially more robust tracer of nitrate use in the past. Here we show that \u03b415NDB in Southern Ocean community cultures does not depend on species composition. We found the \u03b5DB (= biomass \u03b415N - \u03b415NDB) of the community growouts was -4.8 \u00b1 0.8\u2030, more than 10\u2030 different from previous monospecific growouts, but statistically indistinguishable from previous Southern Ocean and North Pacific surface ocean observations. The two community growouts, seeded with populations from 66\u00b0 and 61\u00b0S, had distinct community compositions but indistinguishable \u03b5DB, suggesting species composition does not primarily set \u03b415NDB values in the Southern Ocean. Our results demonstrate that under nitrate-replete conditions, \u03b415NDB values of frustules sinking from the surface ocean robustly track surface ocean nitrate \u03b415N values and therefore nitrate supply and demand. ", "east": -170.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-170.2 -63.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Nitrogen Isotopes; Oceans; Paleoproxies; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.8, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Jones, Colin; Robinson, Rebecca; Brzezinski, Mark; Riesselman, Christina; Closset, Ivia; Kelly, Roger; Robinson, Rebecca ", "project_titles": "Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010083", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.2, "title": "Surface Southern Ocean community growouts to evaluate the diatom bound N isotope proxy", "uid": "601522", "west": -170.4}, {"awards": "1744789 Padman, Laurence; 1744792 Little, Christopher", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Feb 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains NetCDF files of two-dimensional gridded fields of hydrographic properties, Conservative Temperature (CT) and Absolute Salinity (SA), around Antarctica, depth-averaged for the depth range 300 m to min([water depth, 1000]) m from 38 CMIP6 models, the World Ocean Atlas 2018, and our own product developed from the World Ocean Database. These fields are designed to represent the hydrography of deeper water masses on the Antarctic Continental Shelf (ACS), where typical water depths are 400-600 m, and the intermediate-depth water off the continental shelf. The dataset includes a high-resolution polar-stereographic grid (2 x 2 km) of Southern Ocean geometry, including water depth, elevation of the land and ice-sheet surface (including ice shelves), a mask (identifying water, land and grounded ice, and ice shelves), and offshore distance from the continental shelf break. An example MATLAB script for accessing the grids and plotting them is included. The primary purpose of this dataset is to provide simplified 2-D hydrographic fields that can be used to assess the performance of climate models for the ACS, focusing on the depth range that affects most basal melting of Antarctica\u2019s ice shelves.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Continental Shelf; CMIP6; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Howard, Susan L.; Little, Chris; Sun, Qiang; Padman, Laurence", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Gridded Values of Conservative Temperature and Absolute Salinity Around Antarctica averaged for the depth range 300 m to min([water depth, 1000]) m", "uid": "601516", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1947040 Postlethwait, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-63.1 -63.9,-63.02 -63.9,-62.94 -63.9,-62.86 -63.9,-62.78 -63.9,-62.7 -63.9,-62.62 -63.9,-62.54 -63.9,-62.46 -63.9,-62.38 -63.9,-62.3 -63.9,-62.3 -64.01,-62.3 -64.12,-62.3 -64.23,-62.3 -64.34,-62.3 -64.45,-62.3 -64.56,-62.3 -64.67,-62.3 -64.78,-62.3 -64.89,-62.3 -65,-62.38 -65,-62.46 -65,-62.54 -65,-62.62 -65,-62.7 -65,-62.78 -65,-62.86 -65,-62.94 -65,-63.02 -65,-63.1 -65,-63.1 -64.89,-63.1 -64.78,-63.1 -64.67,-63.1 -64.56,-63.1 -64.45,-63.1 -64.34,-63.1 -64.23,-63.1 -64.12,-63.1 -64.01,-63.1 -63.9))"], "date_created": "Tue, 04 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Nucleic acid sequences, sequence alignments, model selection results, and phylogenetic trees from the phylogenetic placement of Notoxcellia species. ", "east": -62.3, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.7 -64.45)"], "keywords": "Alveolata; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Notoxcellia coronata; Notoxcellia picta; Oceans; Perkinsozoa; Xcellidae", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -63.9, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Desvignes, Thomas; Varsani, Arvind; Postlethwait, John", "project_titles": "EAGER: Origin and Physiological Consequences of a Neoplasm Outbreak in Antarctic Fish ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010221", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: Origin and Physiological Consequences of a Neoplasm Outbreak in Antarctic Fish "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Phylogenetic Analysis of Notoxcellia species.", "uid": "601501", "west": -63.1}, {"awards": "0732625 Leventer, Amy; 1433140 Domack, Eugene", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-69 -58,-67.7 -58,-66.4 -58,-65.1 -58,-63.8 -58,-62.5 -58,-61.2 -58,-59.9 -58,-58.6 -58,-57.3 -58,-56 -58,-56 -59,-56 -60,-56 -61,-56 -62,-56 -63,-56 -64,-56 -65,-56 -66,-56 -67,-56 -68,-57.3 -68,-58.6 -68,-59.9 -68,-61.2 -68,-62.5 -68,-63.8 -68,-65.1 -68,-66.4 -68,-67.7 -68,-69 -68,-69 -67,-69 -66,-69 -65,-69 -64,-69 -63,-69 -62,-69 -61,-69 -60,-69 -59,-69 -58))"], "date_created": "Mon, 15 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains an age vs depth model and measurements of magnetic susceptibility, benthic foraminifera Bulimina aculeata d18O and d13C, bulk sediment GDGT data, and diatom assemblage data from USAP LMG13-11 JKC-1 sediment core (0-100 cm) archived at the Oregon State University ACC repository. All stable isotope and GDGT measurements were made at the University of South Florida College of Marine Science. Diatom assemblages were counted at Colgate University. The data set includes all replicate measurements. Details of the entire data set and all relevant methods are provided in Browne et al (submitted, 2021)", "east": -56.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.5 -63)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Delta 13C; Delta 18O; Paleoceanography; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -58.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Shevenell, Amelia", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -68.0, "title": "LMG13-11 JKC-1 Paleoceanographic data", "uid": "601485", "west": -69.0}, {"awards": "1644159 Jacobs, Stanley", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165 -76.5,165.6 -76.5,166.2 -76.5,166.8 -76.5,167.4 -76.5,168 -76.5,168.6 -76.5,169.2 -76.5,169.8 -76.5,170.4 -76.5,171 -76.5,171 -76.65,171 -76.8,171 -76.95,171 -77.1,171 -77.25,171 -77.4,171 -77.55,171 -77.7,171 -77.85,171 -78,170.4 -78,169.8 -78,169.2 -78,168.6 -78,168 -78,167.4 -78,166.8 -78,166.2 -78,165.6 -78,165 -78,165 -77.85,165 -77.7,165 -77.55,165 -77.4,165 -77.25,165 -77.1,165 -76.95,165 -76.8,165 -76.65,165 -76.5))"], "date_created": "Fri, 25 Jun 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Salinity and temperature at 50 \u0026 100 m intervals from profiles near Ross Island, Antarctica in 1936 and from 1956-57 through 2019-2020.", "east": 171.0, "geometry": ["POINT(168 -77.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CTD; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Ross Island; Ross Sea; Salinity; Temperature", "locations": "Ross Sea; Ross Island; Antarctica", "north": -76.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Jacobs, Stanley; Giulivi, Claudia", "project_titles": "West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010208", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Ross Island area DJF salinity and temperature records 1956-57 through 2019-20", "uid": "601458", "west": 165.0}, {"awards": "1443347 Condron, Alan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 04 May 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains the MITgcm model output data presented in Ashley, K.E. et al., 2021. This dataset includes simulated spatial changes in sea surface salinity (SSS), time series data of salinity, and scatter plot data of SSS changes against meltwater discharge.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Computer Model; Freshwater; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Model Data; Ocean Model; Oceans; Salinity", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Condron, Alan", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Assessing the Global Climate Response to Melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010007", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Assessing the Global Climate Response to Melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Simulated changes in Southern Ocean salinity", "uid": "601442", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1644196 Cziko, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162.647931 -77.000624,163.049652 -77.000624,163.451373 -77.000624,163.853094 -77.000624,164.254815 -77.000624,164.656536 -77.000624,165.058257 -77.000624,165.459978 -77.000624,165.861699 -77.000624,166.26342 -77.000624,166.665141 -77.000624,166.665141 -77.0856883,166.665141 -77.1707526,166.665141 -77.2558169,166.665141 -77.3408812,166.665141 -77.4259455,166.665141 -77.5110098,166.665141 -77.5960741,166.665141 -77.6811384,166.665141 -77.7662027,166.665141 -77.851267,166.26342 -77.851267,165.861699 -77.851267,165.459978 -77.851267,165.058257 -77.851267,164.656536 -77.851267,164.254815 -77.851267,163.853094 -77.851267,163.451373 -77.851267,163.049652 -77.851267,162.647931 -77.851267,162.647931 -77.7662027,162.647931 -77.6811384,162.647931 -77.5960741,162.647931 -77.5110098,162.647931 -77.4259455,162.647931 -77.3408812,162.647931 -77.2558169,162.647931 -77.1707526,162.647931 -77.0856883,162.647931 -77.000624))"], "date_created": "Sun, 03 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Nearshore benthic seawater temperature (plus pressure and salinity for some sites) in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica for 2017-2019. Data includes those from standalone temperature (sometimes pressure) for several sites around McMurdo Sound as well as data from the cabled McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory moored conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor at the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty. Data are from high precision SeaBird sensors (SBE56, SBE39, SBE19Plus and SBE37), with sample intervals from 90 sec to 15 min, depending on site. Sampled sites include Explorer\u0027s Cove at New Harbor, Cape Evans, Granite Harbor, and the McMurdo Station jetty. All sensors were deployed near or on the benthos at 20-25 m deep, in typical nearshore benthic fish and invertebrate habitat.", "east": 166.665141, "geometry": ["POINT(164.656536 -77.4259455)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic Ecology; CTD; Depth; McMurdo Sound; Oceanography; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Pressure; Salinity; seawater measurements; Seawater Temperature; Supercooling; Tides", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -77.000624, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Cziko, Paul", "project_titles": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010147", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.851267, "title": "High-resolution nearshore benthic seawater temperature from around McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)", "uid": "601420", "west": 162.647931}, {"awards": "1644196 Cziko, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Broadband underwater acoustic recordings from the McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory mooring near the seaward terminus of the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty. An omnidirectional Ocean Sonics icListen hydrophone (SB2-ETH, SN 1713) recorded continuously at 512 kilosamples/second (256 kHz Nyquist frequency; 24 bit) for 2 years. The hydrophone was mounted vertically on a steel strut (insulated with rubber sheet) at about 70 cm above the mud/gravel seabed at 21m deep, with the sloping 45\u00b0 rubble face of the jetty just behind the hydrophone. Temporal coverage is \u003e90%, with gaps and truncated files arising due to network and power outages and software bugs. The audio recordings are 10 minute WAV files, compressed using the lossless FLAC code (Free Lossless Audio Codec, xiph.org; about 33MB of data/minute compressed; 100MB/min uncompressed). The hydrophone was under thick (to 3 m) sea ice cover for the majority of the dataset. The majority of the recorded biological sounds were produced by Weddell seals. Orca were present intermittently (~10 days total) in January-March in both summers. Known non-biological sounds include irregular low-intensity, broad-spectrum clicks and cracks from the sea ice cover, occasional wind noise, a 1.5-s gurgle with components to 200kHz every 90s from the CTD\u2019s pump, a broad-spectrum mechanical sound for 3 min every 4 h from the observatory\u0027s underwater camera cleaning system, low-intensity whines (about 18, 58, 83, and 130 kHz, though variable over the dataset) thought to be from the station seawater pumps (\u003e100 m away within the jetty\u2019s well casing), and intermittent noises from tracked-vehicles and helicopters (September\u2013February), SCUBA divers (October\u2013December), and ships (January). Given hosting limitations, only every 6th file (roughly 10min/hour) has been archived here. Additional data can be obtained by contacting the primary author of the dataset, who will maintain it for as long as possible. Audio spectrogram images (PNGs) at three frequency ranges (three stacked panels per image, upper limits of 2.5, 25, and 256 kHz) from the entire dataset (all data, not subsampled) are also archived separately.", "east": 166.6645, "geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Bioacoustics; Biota; Hydroacoustics; Killer Whales; Leptonychotes Weddellii; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Orcinus Orca; Sea Ice; Weddell seal; Whales", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -77.851, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Cziko, Paul", "project_titles": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010147", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.851, "title": "Long-term broadband underwater acoustic recordings from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)", "uid": "601416", "west": 166.6645}, {"awards": "0338137 Anderson, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-76 -45.5,-75.2 -45.5,-74.4 -45.5,-73.6 -45.5,-72.8 -45.5,-72 -45.5,-71.2 -45.5,-70.4 -45.5,-69.6 -45.5,-68.8 -45.5,-68 -45.5,-68 -46.43,-68 -47.36,-68 -48.29,-68 -49.22,-68 -50.15,-68 -51.08,-68 -52.01,-68 -52.94,-68 -53.87,-68 -54.8,-68.8 -54.8,-69.6 -54.8,-70.4 -54.8,-71.2 -54.8,-72 -54.8,-72.8 -54.8,-73.6 -54.8,-74.4 -54.8,-75.2 -54.8,-76 -54.8,-76 -53.87,-76 -52.94,-76 -52.01,-76 -51.08,-76 -50.15,-76 -49.22,-76 -48.29,-76 -47.36,-76 -46.43,-76 -45.5))"], "date_created": "Fri, 17 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Raw CTD data from expedition NBP0505 collected with the Aanderaa and Seacat CTD systems", "east": -68.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-72 -50.15)"], "keywords": "Chile; CTD; CTD Data; Depth; Fjord; NBP0505; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; Temperature", "locations": "Chile", "north": -45.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Wellner, Julia; Anderson, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Controls on Sediment Yields from Tidewater Glaciers from Patagonia to Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000821", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Controls on Sediment Yields from Tidewater Glaciers from Patagonia to Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -54.8, "title": "NBP0505 CTD data", "uid": "601363", "west": -76.0}, {"awards": "0125252 Padman, Laurence; 0125602 Padman, Laurence; 1443677 Padman, Laurence", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -53,-144 -53,-108 -53,-72 -53,-36 -53,0 -53,36 -53,72 -53,108 -53,144 -53,180 -53,180 -56.7,180 -60.4,180 -64.1,180 -67.8,180 -71.5,180 -75.2,180 -78.9,180 -82.6,180 -86.3,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -86.3,-180 -82.6,-180 -78.9,-180 -75.2,-180 -71.5,-180 -67.8,-180 -64.1,-180 -60.4,-180 -56.7,-180 -53))"], "date_created": "Fri, 10 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic Tide Gauge (AntTG) database provides tidal harmonic coefficients (amplitude and phase) for ocean surface height (tide-induced height perturbation relative to the seabed) at many coastal, ocean and ice shelf locations around Antarctica. The coefficients are provided for up to 8 tidal constituents (Q1, O1, P1, K1, N2 , M2, S2, K2) where data is available. These coefficients are primarily intended for users interested in validation of tide models for the Antarctic seas including the areas covered by the floating ice shelves (e.g., King and Padman, 2005; King et al., 2011; Stammer et al., 2014). The database is provided as single files in ASCII text and MATLAB *.mat formats, as well as in a KML package that can be viewed in Google Earth. \r\n\r\nSeveral different measurement systems were used to collect the data. The quality of database entries varies widely, from short records of unknown accuracy to very precise, long-term records from bottom pressure recorders in the ocean and GPS systems installed on ice shelves. This database provides sufficient quality control information (record length, time step, and measurement type) for a user to judge whether a tidal analysis at a particular site is likely to be useful for their application.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Oceans; Sea Surface height; Tide Gauges; Tides", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -53.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Arctic System Science; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Howard, Susan L.; Padman, Laurence; King, Matt", "project_titles": "Ocean Tides around Antarctica and in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010116", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ocean Tides around Antarctica and in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Antarctic Tide Gauge Database, version 1", "uid": "601358", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1235094 Thurnherr, Andreas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-14.5787 -20.9223,-14.49208 -20.9223,-14.40546 -20.9223,-14.31884 -20.9223,-14.23222 -20.9223,-14.1456 -20.9223,-14.05898 -20.9223,-13.97236 -20.9223,-13.88574 -20.9223,-13.79912 -20.9223,-13.7125 -20.9223,-13.7125 -20.94222,-13.7125 -20.96214,-13.7125 -20.98206,-13.7125 -21.00198,-13.7125 -21.0219,-13.7125 -21.04182,-13.7125 -21.06174,-13.7125 -21.08166,-13.7125 -21.10158,-13.7125 -21.1215,-13.79912 -21.1215,-13.88574 -21.1215,-13.97236 -21.1215,-14.05898 -21.1215,-14.1456 -21.1215,-14.23222 -21.1215,-14.31884 -21.1215,-14.40546 -21.1215,-14.49208 -21.1215,-14.5787 -21.1215,-14.5787 -21.10158,-14.5787 -21.08166,-14.5787 -21.06174,-14.5787 -21.04182,-14.5787 -21.0219,-14.5787 -21.00198,-14.5787 -20.98206,-14.5787 -20.96214,-14.5787 -20.94222,-14.5787 -20.9223))"], "date_created": "Thu, 02 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a McLane Research Laboratories and Inc. MMP Mooring Profiler during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508 conducted in 2015 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Louis St.Laurent, Investigator: Dr. Andreas Thurnherr). These data files are of NetCDF format and include Current Measurement, Pressure, Salinity and Temperature data that were processed after acquisition. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons. Funding was provided by NSF award(s): OCE12-35094.", "east": -13.7125, "geometry": ["POINT(-14.1456 -21.0219)"], "keywords": "CTD; Mid-Ocean Ridge; Mooring; NBP1508; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Pressure; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; South Atlantic Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "South Atlantic Ocean", "north": -20.9223, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Thurnherr, Andreas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010114", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -21.1215, "title": "Processed Current Measurement, Pressure, Salinity and Temperature Data from the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge Spreading acquired during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508", "uid": "601352", "west": -14.5787}, {"awards": "1235094 Thurnherr, Andreas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-14.7 -20.8,-14.59 -20.8,-14.48 -20.8,-14.37 -20.8,-14.26 -20.8,-14.15 -20.8,-14.04 -20.8,-13.93 -20.8,-13.82 -20.8,-13.71 -20.8,-13.6 -20.8,-13.6 -20.856,-13.6 -20.912,-13.6 -20.968,-13.6 -21.024,-13.6 -21.08,-13.6 -21.136,-13.6 -21.192,-13.6 -21.248,-13.6 -21.304,-13.6 -21.36,-13.71 -21.36,-13.82 -21.36,-13.93 -21.36,-14.04 -21.36,-14.15 -21.36,-14.26 -21.36,-14.37 -21.36,-14.48 -21.36,-14.59 -21.36,-14.7 -21.36,-14.7 -21.304,-14.7 -21.248,-14.7 -21.192,-14.7 -21.136,-14.7 -21.08,-14.7 -21.024,-14.7 -20.968,-14.7 -20.912,-14.7 -20.856,-14.7 -20.8))"], "date_created": "Thu, 02 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508 conducted in 2015 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Louis St.Laurent, Investigator: Dr. Andreas Thurnherr). These data files are of NetCDF format and include Current Measurement data that were processed after acquisition. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons. Funding was provided by NSF award(s): OCE12-35094.", "east": -13.6, "geometry": ["POINT(-14.15 -21.08)"], "keywords": "Current Measurements; LADCP; Mid-Ocean Ridge; NBP1508; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; R/V Nathaniel B. 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Palmer expedition NBP1508 conducted in 2015 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Louis St.Laurent, Investigator: Dr. Andreas Thurnherr). These data files are of NetCDF format and include Current Measurement, Pressure and Temperature data that were processed after acquisition. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons. Funding was provided by NSF award(s): OCE12-35094.", "east": -14.5787, "geometry": ["POINT(-14.5787 -21.1215)"], "keywords": "CTD; CTD Data; Current Measurements; Current Meter; Mid-Ocean Ridge; Mooring; NBP1508; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Pressure; R/V Nathaniel B. 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Palmer expedition NBP1508 (2015)", "uid": "601353", "west": -14.5787}, {"awards": "0338157 Smith, Walker; 0338097 DiTullio, Giacomo", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -76,-179.7 -76,-179.4 -76,-179.1 -76,-178.8 -76,-178.5 -76,-178.2 -76,-177.9 -76,-177.6 -76,-177.3 -76,-177 -76,-177 -76.2,-177 -76.4,-177 -76.6,-177 -76.8,-177 -77,-177 -77.2,-177 -77.4,-177 -77.6,-177 -77.8,-177 -78,-177.3 -78,-177.6 -78,-177.9 -78,-178.2 -78,-178.5 -78,-178.8 -78,-179.1 -78,-179.4 -78,-179.7 -78,180 -78,178.5 -78,177 -78,175.5 -78,174 -78,172.5 -78,171 -78,169.5 -78,168 -78,166.5 -78,165 -78,165 -77.8,165 -77.6,165 -77.4,165 -77.2,165 -77,165 -76.8,165 -76.6,165 -76.4,165 -76.2,165 -76,166.5 -76,168 -76,169.5 -76,171 -76,172.5 -76,174 -76,175.5 -76,177 -76,178.5 -76,-180 -76))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a Niskin Bottle Fluid Sampler during Nathaniel B. 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Palmer expedition NBP0601", "uid": "601340", "west": 165.0}, {"awards": "0087401 Smith, Walker", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -76,-179.6 -76,-179.2 -76,-178.8 -76,-178.4 -76,-178 -76,-177.6 -76,-177.2 -76,-176.8 -76,-176.4 -76,-176 -76,-176 -76.2,-176 -76.4,-176 -76.6,-176 -76.8,-176 -77,-176 -77.2,-176 -77.4,-176 -77.6,-176 -77.8,-176 -78,-176.4 -78,-176.8 -78,-177.2 -78,-177.6 -78,-178 -78,-178.4 -78,-178.8 -78,-179.2 -78,-179.6 -78,180 -78,178.5 -78,177 -78,175.5 -78,174 -78,172.5 -78,171 -78,169.5 -78,168 -78,166.5 -78,165 -78,165 -77.8,165 -77.6,165 -77.4,165 -77.2,165 -77,165 -76.8,165 -76.6,165 -76.4,165 -76.2,165 -76,166.5 -76,168 -76,169.5 -76,171 -76,172.5 -76,174 -76,175.5 -76,177 -76,178.5 -76,-180 -76))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a Niskin Bottle Fluid Sampler during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601A conducted in 2006 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Walker Smith). The data files are in XLS format and include Fluid Chemistry data that has not been processed. The data was acquired as part of the project called Interannual Variability in the Antarctic - Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients.", "east": -176.0, "geometry": ["POINT(174.5 -77)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:Fluid; Fluid Chemistry Data; Mooring; NBP0601A; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/V Nathaniel B. 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Palmer expedition NBP0601A", "uid": "601341", "west": 165.0}, {"awards": "0632282 Jacobs, Stanley", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-130 -64,-126.5 -64,-123 -64,-119.5 -64,-116 -64,-112.5 -64,-109 -64,-105.5 -64,-102 -64,-98.5 -64,-95 -64,-95 -65.15,-95 -66.3,-95 -67.45,-95 -68.6,-95 -69.75,-95 -70.9,-95 -72.05,-95 -73.2,-95 -74.35,-95 -75.5,-98.5 -75.5,-102 -75.5,-105.5 -75.5,-109 -75.5,-112.5 -75.5,-116 -75.5,-119.5 -75.5,-123 -75.5,-126.5 -75.5,-130 -75.5,-130 -74.35,-130 -73.2,-130 -72.05,-130 -70.9,-130 -69.75,-130 -68.6,-130 -67.45,-130 -66.3,-130 -65.15,-130 -64))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was derived from data acquired during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0901 conducted in 2009 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Stan Jacobs; Investigator(s): Dr. Stan Jacobs and Dr. Bruce Huber). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement, Salinity, and Temperature data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise, Shedding dynamic light on iron limitation: The interplay of iron limitation and dynamic irradiance conditions in governing the phytoplankton distribution in the Ross Sea, and Collaborative Research: Sampling the ocean - sea ice interaction in the Pacific center of the Antarctic Dipole, and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): OPP06-32282.", "east": -95.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.5 -69.75)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctic; Antarctica; CTD; CTD Data; Current Measurements; NBP0901; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Pine Island Bay; Pine Island Glacier; R/V Nathaniel B. 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Palmer expedition NBP0901", "uid": "601350", "west": -130.0}, {"awards": "0632282 Jacobs, Stanley", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-130 -66,-127 -66,-124 -66,-121 -66,-118 -66,-115 -66,-112 -66,-109 -66,-106 -66,-103 -66,-100 -66,-100 -66.95,-100 -67.9,-100 -68.85,-100 -69.8,-100 -70.75,-100 -71.7,-100 -72.65,-100 -73.6,-100 -74.55,-100 -75.5,-103 -75.5,-106 -75.5,-109 -75.5,-112 -75.5,-115 -75.5,-118 -75.5,-121 -75.5,-124 -75.5,-127 -75.5,-130 -75.5,-130 -74.55,-130 -73.6,-130 -72.65,-130 -71.7,-130 -70.75,-130 -69.8,-130 -68.85,-130 -67.9,-130 -66.95,-130 -66))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a LDEO LADCP Sonar during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0901 conducted in 2009 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Stan Jacobs; Investigator(s): Dr. Andreas Thurnherr). These data files are of ASCII format and include Current Measurement data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise, Shedding dynamic light on iron limitation: The interplay of iron limitation and dynamic irradiance conditions in governing the phytoplankton distribution in the Ross Sea, and Collaborative Research: Sampling the ocean - sea ice interaction in the Pacific center of the Antarctic Dipole, and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): OPP06-32282.", "east": -100.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-115 -70.75)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Current Measurements; LADCP; NBP0901; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Pine Island Bay; R/V Nathaniel B. 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Palmer expedition NBP0901", "uid": "601349", "west": -130.0}, {"awards": "1141890 Huber, Bruce; 0732651 Gordon, Arnold", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-63 -60,-62.2 -60,-61.4 -60,-60.6 -60,-59.8 -60,-59 -60,-58.2 -60,-57.4 -60,-56.6 -60,-55.8 -60,-55 -60,-55 -60.5,-55 -61,-55 -61.5,-55 -62,-55 -62.5,-55 -63,-55 -63.5,-55 -64,-55 -64.5,-55 -65,-55.8 -65,-56.6 -65,-57.4 -65,-58.2 -65,-59 -65,-59.8 -65,-60.6 -65,-61.4 -65,-62.2 -65,-63 -65,-63 -64.5,-63 -64,-63 -63.5,-63 -63,-63 -62.5,-63 -62,-63 -61.5,-63 -61,-63 -60.5,-63 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a Sea-Bird SBE 9Plus CTD during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203 conducted in 2012 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Maria Vernet; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement, Salinity, and Temperature data and were processed after data collection. Funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT11-41890.", "east": -55.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-59 -62.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; CTD; CTD Data; LARISSA; Larsen Ice Shelf; NBP1203; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; R/V Nathaniel B. 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Palmer expedition NBP1203", "uid": "601348", "west": -63.0}, {"awards": "1141890 Huber, Bruce; 0732651 Gordon, Arnold", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-62 -61,-61.3 -61,-60.6 -61,-59.9 -61,-59.2 -61,-58.5 -61,-57.8 -61,-57.1 -61,-56.4 -61,-55.7 -61,-55 -61,-55 -61.44,-55 -61.88,-55 -62.32,-55 -62.76,-55 -63.2,-55 -63.64,-55 -64.08,-55 -64.52,-55 -64.96,-55 -65.4,-55.7 -65.4,-56.4 -65.4,-57.1 -65.4,-57.8 -65.4,-58.5 -65.4,-59.2 -65.4,-59.9 -65.4,-60.6 -65.4,-61.3 -65.4,-62 -65.4,-62 -64.96,-62 -64.52,-62 -64.08,-62 -63.64,-62 -63.2,-62 -62.76,-62 -62.32,-62 -61.88,-62 -61.44,-62 -61))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a ship-based LDEO LADCP Sonar during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203 conducted in 2012 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Maria Vernet; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement data and were processed after data collection. Funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT11-41890.", "east": -55.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-58.5 -63.2)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Current Measurements; LADCP; LARISSA; Larsen Ice Shelf; NBP1203; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; R/V Nathaniel B. 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Palmer expedition NBP1203", "uid": "601347", "west": -62.0}, {"awards": "0732467 Domack, Eugene; 0732651 Gordon, Arnold", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-68 -60,-66.7 -60,-65.4 -60,-64.1 -60,-62.8 -60,-61.5 -60,-60.2 -60,-58.9 -60,-57.6 -60,-56.3 -60,-55 -60,-55 -60.6,-55 -61.2,-55 -61.8,-55 -62.4,-55 -63,-55 -63.6,-55 -64.2,-55 -64.8,-55 -65.4,-55 -66,-56.3 -66,-57.6 -66,-58.9 -66,-60.2 -66,-61.5 -66,-62.8 -66,-64.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-66.7 -66,-68 -66,-68 -65.4,-68 -64.8,-68 -64.2,-68 -63.6,-68 -63,-68 -62.4,-68 -61.8,-68 -61.2,-68 -60.6,-68 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a ship-based LDEO LADCP Sonar during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001 conducted in 2010 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Eugene Domack; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the LARsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA), and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT07-32467.", "east": -55.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-61.5 -63)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Current Measurements; LADCP; Larsen Ice Shelf; NBP1001; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; R/V Nathaniel B. 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Palmer expedition NBP1001", "uid": "601346", "west": -68.0}, {"awards": "0732467 Domack, Eugene; 0732651 Gordon, Arnold", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-68 -60,-66.7 -60,-65.4 -60,-64.1 -60,-62.8 -60,-61.5 -60,-60.2 -60,-58.9 -60,-57.6 -60,-56.3 -60,-55 -60,-55 -60.6,-55 -61.2,-55 -61.8,-55 -62.4,-55 -63,-55 -63.6,-55 -64.2,-55 -64.8,-55 -65.4,-55 -66,-56.3 -66,-57.6 -66,-58.9 -66,-60.2 -66,-61.5 -66,-62.8 -66,-64.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-66.7 -66,-68 -66,-68 -65.4,-68 -64.8,-68 -64.2,-68 -63.6,-68 -63,-68 -62.4,-68 -61.8,-68 -61.2,-68 -60.6,-68 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a Sea-Bird SBE 9Plus CTD during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001 conducted in 2010 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Eugene Domack; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Temperature, Current Measurement, and Salinity data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the LARsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA), and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT07-32467.", "east": -55.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-61.5 -63)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; CTD; CTD Data; LARISSA; Larsen Ice Shelf; NBP1001; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; R/V Nathaniel B. 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Palmer expedition NBP1001", "uid": "601345", "west": -68.0}, {"awards": "0087401 Smith, Walker", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-179.999 -77,-179.1991 -77,-178.3992 -77,-177.5993 -77,-176.7994 -77,-175.9995 -77,-175.1996 -77,-174.3997 -77,-173.5998 -77,-172.7999 -77,-172 -77,-172 -77.07,-172 -77.14,-172 -77.21,-172 -77.28,-172 -77.35,-172 -77.42,-172 -77.49,-172 -77.56,-172 -77.63,-172 -77.7,-172.7999 -77.7,-173.5998 -77.7,-174.3997 -77.7,-175.1996 -77.7,-175.9995 -77.7,-176.7994 -77.7,-177.5993 -77.7,-178.3992 -77.7,-179.1991 -77.7,-179.999 -77.7,-179.999 -77.63,-179.999 -77.56,-179.999 -77.49,-179.999 -77.42,-179.999 -77.35,-179.999 -77.28,-179.999 -77.21,-179.999 -77.14,-179.999 -77.07,-179.999 -77))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a InterOcean S4 Current Meter deployed on moorings in the Ross Sea from December 2005 through February 2006. Moorings were were retrieved during Nathaniel B. 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Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Interannual variability in the Antarctic - Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients", "east": -172.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-175.9995 -77.35)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Current Meter; Mooring; NBP0601A; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Asper, Vernon; Smith, Walker", "project_titles": "Interannual Variability in the Antarctic-Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients and Seasonal Production", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000803", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Interannual Variability in the Antarctic-Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients and Seasonal Production"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.7, "title": "Current Meter Data from the Ross Sea acquired with a Mooring deployed in December 2005 and recovered during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601A (2006)", "uid": "601339", "west": -179.999}, {"awards": "1341669 DeMaster, David; 0732711 Smith, Craig", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-61 -64,-60.5 -64,-60 -64,-59.5 -64,-59 -64,-58.5 -64,-58 -64,-57.5 -64,-57 -64,-56.5 -64,-56 -64,-56 -64.1,-56 -64.2,-56 -64.3,-56 -64.4,-56 -64.5,-56 -64.6,-56 -64.7,-56 -64.8,-56 -64.9,-56 -65,-56.5 -65,-57 -65,-57.5 -65,-58 -65,-58.5 -65,-59 -65,-59.5 -65,-60 -65,-60.5 -65,-61 -65,-61 -64.9,-61 -64.8,-61 -64.7,-61 -64.6,-61 -64.5,-61 -64.4,-61 -64.3,-61 -64.2,-61 -64.1,-61 -64))"], "date_created": "Fri, 19 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This file contains Pb-210 data from bulk sediments beneath the collapsed Larsen A Ice Shelf and C-14 data from the organic fraction of the same samples.", "east": -56.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-58.5 -64.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon-14; Larsen Ice Shelf; Lead-210; Marine Sediments; Radioisotope Analysis", "locations": "Larsen Ice Shelf; Antarctica", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "DeMaster, David; Taylor, Richard", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans; Using Radiochemical Data from Collapsed Ice Shelf Sediments to Understand the Nature and Timing of the Benthic Response to High-Latitude Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000382", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Using Radiochemical Data from Collapsed Ice Shelf Sediments to Understand the Nature and Timing of the Benthic Response to High-Latitude Climate Change"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -65.0, "title": "Radioisotope data (C-14 and Pb-210) from bulk sediments, Larsen A Ice Shelf", "uid": "601336", "west": -61.0}, {"awards": "0636773 DeMaster, David; 1341669 DeMaster, David", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-71 -64,-70.4 -64,-69.8 -64,-69.2 -64,-68.6 -64,-68 -64,-67.4 -64,-66.8 -64,-66.2 -64,-65.6 -64,-65 -64,-65 -64.7,-65 -65.4,-65 -66.1,-65 -66.8,-65 -67.5,-65 -68.2,-65 -68.9,-65 -69.6,-65 -70.3,-65 -71,-65.6 -71,-66.2 -71,-66.8 -71,-67.4 -71,-68 -71,-68.6 -71,-69.2 -71,-69.8 -71,-70.4 -71,-71 -71,-71 -70.3,-71 -69.6,-71 -68.9,-71 -68.2,-71 -67.5,-71 -66.8,-71 -66.1,-71 -65.4,-71 -64.7,-71 -64))"], "date_created": "Mon, 11 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set is used to describe a new technique for assessing labile organic carbon (LOC) abundances and mean residence times in marine sediments. Radiocarbon is used to determine abundances of labile organic carbon and then a diagenetic organic carbon model, coupled with sediment biotrubation coefficients, is used to assess LOC mean residence times. ", "east": -65.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-68 -67.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Bioturbation Coefficients; Diagenesis; Labile Organic Carbon; LOC Mean Residence Times; Marguerite Bay; Oceans; Organic Carbon Degradation Rates; Sediment Core", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Marguerite Bay; Antarctica", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "DeMaster, David; Taylor, Richard; Smith, Craig; Isla, Enrique; Thomas, Carrie", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Benthic Faunal Feeding Dynamics on the Antarctic Shelf and the Effects of Global Climate Change on Bentho-Pelagic Coupling; Using Radiochemical Data from Collapsed Ice Shelf Sediments to Understand the Nature and Timing of the Benthic Response to High-Latitude Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000382", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Using Radiochemical Data from Collapsed Ice Shelf Sediments to Understand the Nature and Timing of the Benthic Response to High-Latitude Climate Change"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000552", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Benthic Faunal Feeding Dynamics on the Antarctic Shelf and the Effects of Global Climate Change on Bentho-Pelagic Coupling"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -71.0, "title": "Labile Organic Carbon distributions on the West Antarctic Peninsula Shelf", "uid": "601319", "west": -71.0}, {"awards": "1644209 Goldbogen, Jeremy; 1440435 Ducklow, Hugh", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.5 -63,-63.95 -63,-63.4 -63,-62.85 -63,-62.3 -63,-61.75 -63,-61.2 -63,-60.65 -63,-60.1 -63,-59.55 -63,-59 -63,-59 -63.22,-59 -63.44,-59 -63.66,-59 -63.88,-59 -64.1,-59 -64.32,-59 -64.54,-59 -64.76,-59 -64.98,-59 -65.2,-59.55 -65.2,-60.1 -65.2,-60.65 -65.2,-61.2 -65.2,-61.75 -65.2,-62.3 -65.2,-62.85 -65.2,-63.4 -65.2,-63.95 -65.2,-64.5 -65.2,-64.5 -64.98,-64.5 -64.76,-64.5 -64.54,-64.5 -64.32,-64.5 -64.1,-64.5 -63.88,-64.5 -63.66,-64.5 -63.44,-64.5 -63.22,-64.5 -63))"], "date_created": "Sun, 10 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains UAV (drone) still images and video footage from whales in the Antarctic Peninsula region taken from LM Gould expedition (LMG1802) and small zodiacs. It also contains flight tracks as kml files.", "east": -59.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-61.75 -64.1)"], "keywords": "Aerial Imagery; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Camera; Humpback Whales; LMG1802; LTER; Minke Whales; Oceans; Palmer Station; Photo; Photo/Video; R/V Laurence M. 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Palmer expedition NBP1402 conducted in 2014. The files are of XLS format.", "east": 146.0, "geometry": ["POINT(131.75 -57.2)"], "keywords": "Air-Sea Flux; Air Temperature; Antarctica; Atmosphere; CO2; CO2 concentrations; East Antarctica; Flux; Meteorology; NBP1402; Oceans; Relative Humidity; Salinity; Totten Glacier; Water Measurements; Water Temperature; Weather Station Data; Wind Direction; Wind Speed", "locations": "East Antarctica; Totten Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -47.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Miller, Scott; Butterworth, Brian", "project_titles": "Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010137", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.4, "title": "Eddy covariance air-sea momentum, heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes in the Southern Ocean from the N.B. Palmer cruise NBP1402", "uid": "601308", "west": 117.5}, {"awards": "0732711 Smith, Craig", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-69 -61,-67.6 -61,-66.2 -61,-64.8 -61,-63.4 -61,-62 -61,-60.6 -61,-59.2 -61,-57.8 -61,-56.4 -61,-55 -61,-55 -61.68,-55 -62.36,-55 -63.04,-55 -63.72,-55 -64.4,-55 -65.08,-55 -65.76,-55 -66.44,-55 -67.12,-55 -67.8,-56.4 -67.8,-57.8 -67.8,-59.2 -67.8,-60.6 -67.8,-62 -67.8,-63.4 -67.8,-64.8 -67.8,-66.2 -67.8,-67.6 -67.8,-69 -67.8,-69 -67.12,-69 -66.44,-69 -65.76,-69 -65.08,-69 -64.4,-69 -63.72,-69 -63.04,-69 -62.36,-69 -61.68,-69 -61))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This Biology Species Abundance data set was acquired with a ship-based Camera during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001 conducted in 2010 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Eugene Domack; Investigator: Dr. Craig Smith). The data file is in XLS format and includes Biology Species Abundance Biology data that has not been processed. The data was acquired as part of the project called Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the LARsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA).", "east": -55.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62 -64.4)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Box Corer; LARISSA; Larsen Ice Shelf; Macrofauna; NBP1001; Oceans; R/V Nathaniel B. 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Palmer expedition NBP1001", "uid": "601306", "west": -69.0}, {"awards": "0732711 Smith, Craig", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-69 -61,-67.6 -61,-66.2 -61,-64.8 -61,-63.4 -61,-62 -61,-60.6 -61,-59.2 -61,-57.8 -61,-56.4 -61,-55 -61,-55 -61.68,-55 -62.36,-55 -63.04,-55 -63.72,-55 -64.4,-55 -65.08,-55 -65.76,-55 -66.44,-55 -67.12,-55 -67.8,-56.4 -67.8,-57.8 -67.8,-59.2 -67.8,-60.6 -67.8,-62 -67.8,-63.4 -67.8,-64.8 -67.8,-66.2 -67.8,-67.6 -67.8,-69 -67.8,-69 -67.12,-69 -66.44,-69 -65.76,-69 -65.08,-69 -64.4,-69 -63.72,-69 -63.04,-69 -62.36,-69 -61.68,-69 -61))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This Biology Species Abundance data set was acquired with a ship-based Camera during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001 conducted in 2010 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Eugene Domack; Investigator: Dr. Craig Smith). The data file is in XLS format and includes Biology Species Abundance Biology data that has not been processed. The data was acquired as part of the project called Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the LARsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA).", "east": -55.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62 -64.4)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Box Corer; LARISSA; Larsen Ice Shelf; Macrofauna; Megafauna; NBP1001; Oceans; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Seafloor Sampling; Species Abundance", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Larsen Ice Shelf; Antarctica", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Smith, Craig", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -67.8, "title": "Megafauna Species Abundance Raw Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001", "uid": "601305", "west": -69.0}, {"awards": "0732711 Smith, Craig; 1341669 DeMaster, David", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-61 -62,-60.4 -62,-59.8 -62,-59.2 -62,-58.6 -62,-58 -62,-57.4 -62,-56.8 -62,-56.2 -62,-55.6 -62,-55 -62,-55 -62.34,-55 -62.68,-55 -63.02,-55 -63.36,-55 -63.7,-55 -64.04,-55 -64.38,-55 -64.72,-55 -65.06,-55 -65.4,-55.6 -65.4,-56.2 -65.4,-56.8 -65.4,-57.4 -65.4,-58 -65.4,-58.6 -65.4,-59.2 -65.4,-59.8 -65.4,-60.4 -65.4,-61 -65.4,-61 -65.06,-61 -64.72,-61 -64.38,-61 -64.04,-61 -63.7,-61 -63.36,-61 -63.02,-61 -62.68,-61 -62.34,-61 -62))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Species Abundance Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf Ice acquired during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine Ecosystems (LARISSA); and Using Radiochemical Data from Collapsed Ice Shelf Sediments to Understand the Nature and Timing of the Benthic Response to High-Latitude Climate Change.", "east": -55.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-58 -63.7)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Box Corer; LARISSA; Larsen Ice Shelf; Macrofauna; Megafauna; NBP1203; Oceans; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Seafloor Sampling; Species Abundance", "locations": "Larsen Ice Shelf; Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Smith, Craig", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine Ecosystems.; Using Radiochemical Data from Collapsed Ice Shelf Sediments to Understand the Nature and Timing of the Benthic Response to High-Latitude Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000382", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Using Radiochemical Data from Collapsed Ice Shelf Sediments to Understand the Nature and Timing of the Benthic Response to High-Latitude Climate Change"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010135", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine Ecosystems."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -65.4, "title": "Species Abundance Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf Ice acquired during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203", "uid": "601304", "west": -61.0}, {"awards": "1043623 Miller, Scott", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -57,-169.5 -57,-159 -57,-148.5 -57,-138 -57,-127.5 -57,-117 -57,-106.5 -57,-96 -57,-85.5 -57,-75 -57,-75 -59.1,-75 -61.2,-75 -63.3,-75 -65.4,-75 -67.5,-75 -69.6,-75 -71.7,-75 -73.8,-75 -75.9,-75 -78,-85.5 -78,-96 -78,-106.5 -78,-117 -78,-127.5 -78,-138 -78,-148.5 -78,-159 -78,-169.5 -78,180 -78,178.3 -78,176.6 -78,174.9 -78,173.2 -78,171.5 -78,169.8 -78,168.1 -78,166.4 -78,164.7 -78,163 -78,163 -75.9,163 -73.8,163 -71.7,163 -69.6,163 -67.5,163 -65.4,163 -63.3,163 -61.2,163 -59.1,163 -57,164.7 -57,166.4 -57,168.1 -57,169.8 -57,171.5 -57,173.2 -57,174.9 -57,176.6 -57,178.3 -57,-180 -57))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains meteorological and air-sea flux data (momentum, heat, and CO2 fluxes; CO2 gas transfer velocity) collected during the the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1210 conducted in 2013. The files are of XLS format", "east": -75.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-136 -67.5)"], "keywords": "Air-Sea Flux; Air Temperature; Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Atmosphere; CO2; Flux; Meteorology; NBP1210; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Southern Ocean; Water Temperature; Wind Direction; Wind Speed", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Amundsen Sea; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -57.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Miller, Scott; Butterworth, Brian", "project_titles": "Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010137", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Eddy covariance air-sea momentum, heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes in the Southern Ocean from the N.B. Palmer cruise NBP1210", "uid": "601309", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "0636806 Smith, Craig; 0636773 DeMaster, David", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-72 -59,-71 -59,-70 -59,-69 -59,-68 -59,-67 -59,-66 -59,-65 -59,-64 -59,-63 -59,-62 -59,-62 -59.95,-62 -60.9,-62 -61.85,-62 -62.8,-62 -63.75,-62 -64.7,-62 -65.65,-62 -66.6,-62 -67.55,-62 -68.5,-63 -68.5,-64 -68.5,-65 -68.5,-66 -68.5,-67 -68.5,-68 -68.5,-69 -68.5,-70 -68.5,-71 -68.5,-72 -68.5,-72 -67.55,-72 -66.6,-72 -65.65,-72 -64.7,-72 -63.75,-72 -62.8,-72 -61.85,-72 -60.9,-72 -59.95,-72 -59))"], "date_created": "Thu, 30 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a Box Core Sediment Sampler, Digital Camera, and Sediment Core Sampler during Laurence M. Gould expedition LMG0802 conducted in 2008. The data files are in Microsoft Excel format and include Species List, Species Abundance, and Sediment Geochemistry data that was processed after collection.", "east": -62.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-67 -63.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Box Corer; Chlorophyll Concentration; LMG0802; Marcofauna; Megafauna; Oceans; R/V Laurence M. Gould; Seafloor Sampling; Species Abundance", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -59.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Smith, Craig; DeMaster, David", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Benthic Faunal Feeding Dynamics on the Antarctic Shelf and the Effects of Global Climate Change on Bentho-Pelagic Coupling", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000552", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Benthic Faunal Feeding Dynamics on the Antarctic Shelf and the Effects of Global Climate Change on Bentho-Pelagic Coupling"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.5, "title": "Species List, Species Abundance, and Sediment Geochemistry processed data acquired during Laurence M. Gould expedition LMG0802", "uid": "601303", "west": -72.0}, {"awards": "1341496 Girton, James; 1558448 Girton, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-65 -62,-64.55 -62,-64.1 -62,-63.65 -62,-63.2 -62,-62.75 -62,-62.3 -62,-61.85 -62,-61.4 -62,-60.95 -62,-60.5 -62,-60.5 -62.35,-60.5 -62.7,-60.5 -63.05,-60.5 -63.4,-60.5 -63.75,-60.5 -64.1,-60.5 -64.45,-60.5 -64.8,-60.5 -65.15,-60.5 -65.5,-60.95 -65.5,-61.4 -65.5,-61.85 -65.5,-62.3 -65.5,-62.75 -65.5,-63.2 -65.5,-63.65 -65.5,-64.1 -65.5,-64.55 -65.5,-65 -65.5,-65 -65.15,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.45,-65 -64.1,-65 -63.75,-65 -63.4,-65 -63.05,-65 -62.7,-65 -62.35,-65 -62))"], "date_created": "Thu, 30 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a Nikon Camera on a towed YoYo camera platform during R/V Laurence M. Gould expedition LMG1703 conducted in 2017. The data are on Jpeg format", "east": -60.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.75 -63.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Benthic Images; Benthos; Biota; LMG1708; Oceans; Photo; Photo/Video; R/V Laurence M. Gould; Ship; YoYo Camera", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Girton, James", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Pathways of Circumpolar Deep Water to West Antarctica from Profiling Float and Satellite Measurements", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010074", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Pathways of Circumpolar Deep Water to West Antarctica from Profiling Float and Satellite Measurements"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.5, "title": "Bottom Photographs from the Antarctic Peninsula acquired during R/V Laurence M. Gould expedition LMG1703", "uid": "601302", "west": -65.0}, {"awards": "0231006 DeVries, Arthur; 1142158 Cheng, Chi-Hing", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -76.5,163.5 -76.5,164 -76.5,164.5 -76.5,165 -76.5,165.5 -76.5,166 -76.5,166.5 -76.5,167 -76.5,167.5 -76.5,168 -76.5,168 -76.63,168 -76.76,168 -76.89,168 -77.02,168 -77.15,168 -77.28,168 -77.41,168 -77.54,168 -77.67,168 -77.8,167.5 -77.8,167 -77.8,166.5 -77.8,166 -77.8,165.5 -77.8,165 -77.8,164.5 -77.8,164 -77.8,163.5 -77.8,163 -77.8,163 -77.67,163 -77.54,163 -77.41,163 -77.28,163 -77.15,163 -77.02,163 -76.89,163 -76.76,163 -76.63,163 -76.5))"], "date_created": "Wed, 08 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Benthic seawater temperature (within 10cm of the bottom) from near the McMurdo Station, Ross Island, Antarctica saltwater intake jetty. Data collected at two nearby locations: On muddy bottom at base of artificial rock jetty (~25m depth), and ~50m west of the Jetty in sponge/spicule mat habitat (~40m depth).", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165.5 -77.15)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic; McMurdo Sound; McMurdo Station; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Temperature Probe; Water Temperature", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -76.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Cheng, Chi-Hing; Cziko, Paul; Devries, Arthur", "project_titles": "Antarctic Notothenioid Fish Freeze Avoidance and Genome-wide Evolution for Life in the Cold", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010091", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Notothenioid Fish Freeze Avoidance and Genome-wide Evolution for Life in the Cold"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8, "title": "High-resolution benthic seawater temperature record 1999-2012 (25-40m depth) from near intake jetty at McMurdo Station, Antarctica", "uid": "601275", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "1443680 Smith, Craig", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-66 -64,-65.6 -64,-65.2 -64,-64.8 -64,-64.4 -64,-64 -64,-63.6 -64,-63.2 -64,-62.8 -64,-62.4 -64,-62 -64,-62 -64.1,-62 -64.2,-62 -64.3,-62 -64.4,-62 -64.5,-62 -64.6,-62 -64.7,-62 -64.8,-62 -64.9,-62 -65,-62.4 -65,-62.8 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.6 -65,-64 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.8 -65,-65.2 -65,-65.6 -65,-66 -65,-66 -64.9,-66 -64.8,-66 -64.7,-66 -64.6,-66 -64.5,-66 -64.4,-66 -64.3,-66 -64.2,-66 -64.1,-66 -64))"], "date_created": "Tue, 31 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Sediment macrofaunal data collected by megacore (10-cm diameter sample tubes) along a down-fjord transect from inner Andvord Bay out onto the open continental shelf on the West Antarctic Peninsula. Sediment core samples from 0 - 10 cm depths were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, sieved on a 300 micron seive, and sorted with a dissecting microscope. ", "east": -62.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-64 -64.5)"], "keywords": "Abundance; Andvord Bay; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Fjord; LMG1510; Marine Sediments; Oceans; Polychaete; Polychaete Family Richness; R/V Laurence M. Gould; Sediment Core Data; Sediment Macrofauna", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Andvord Bay; Antarctica", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Smith, Craig", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Fjord Ecosystem Structure and Function on the West Antarctic Peninsula - Hotspots of Productivity and Biodiversity? (FjordEco)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010010", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Fjord Ecosystem Structure and Function on the West Antarctic Peninsula - Hotspots of Productivity and Biodiversity? (FjordEco)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "FjordEco", "south": -65.0, "title": "Sediment macrofaunal abundance and family richness from inner Andvord Bay to the open continental shelf", "uid": "601236", "west": -66.0}, {"awards": "1826712 McMahon, Kelton; 1443424 McMahon, Kelton; 1443386 Emslie, Steven; 1443585 Polito, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-63.56 -60.72,-61.664 -60.72,-59.768 -60.72,-57.872 -60.72,-55.976 -60.72,-54.08 -60.72,-52.184 -60.72,-50.288 -60.72,-48.392 -60.72,-46.496 -60.72,-44.6 -60.72,-44.6 -61.106,-44.6 -61.492,-44.6 -61.878,-44.6 -62.264,-44.6 -62.65,-44.6 -63.036,-44.6 -63.422,-44.6 -63.808,-44.6 -64.194,-44.6 -64.58,-46.496 -64.58,-48.392 -64.58,-50.288 -64.58,-52.184 -64.58,-54.08 -64.58,-55.976 -64.58,-57.872 -64.58,-59.768 -64.58,-61.664 -64.58,-63.56 -64.58,-63.56 -64.194,-63.56 -63.808,-63.56 -63.422,-63.56 -63.036,-63.56 -62.65,-63.56 -62.264,-63.56 -61.878,-63.56 -61.492,-63.56 -61.106,-63.56 -60.72))"], "date_created": "Tue, 17 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains measurements of nitrogen (\u03b415N) stable isotope values of twelve individual amino acids from breast feathers of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) and chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) collected from museum archives between the 1930s and 2010s. Stable isotope analyses were conducted using a gas chromatograph coupled to a continuous flow stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The data set also includes trophic positions of penguins calculated from individual amino acid \u03b415N values.\r\nThe data set indexes each individual penguin with species, collection institution, catalog number, sex, locality, latitude, longitude, year of sample collection, nitrogen isotope ratios, and calculated trophic position. Details of the data set and all relevant methods are provided in McMahon et al. 2020 Proc Natl Acad Sci DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913093116 ", "east": -44.6, "geometry": ["POINT(-54.08 -62.65)"], "keywords": "Amino Acids; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; isotope data; Nitrogen Isotopes; Oceans; Penguin; Southern Ocean; Stable Isotope Analysis", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -60.72, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "McMahon, Kelton; Polito, Michael", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010047", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.58, "title": "Amino acid nitrogen isotope values of penguins from the Antarctic Peninsula region 1930s to 2010s", "uid": "601232", "west": -63.56}, {"awards": "1644073 DiTullio, Giacomo", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -72.45,-179.354 -72.45,-178.708 -72.45,-178.062 -72.45,-177.416 -72.45,-176.77 -72.45,-176.124 -72.45,-175.478 -72.45,-174.832 -72.45,-174.186 -72.45,-173.54 -72.45,-173.54 -73.068,-173.54 -73.686,-173.54 -74.304,-173.54 -74.922,-173.54 -75.54,-173.54 -76.158,-173.54 -76.776,-173.54 -77.394,-173.54 -78.012,-173.54 -78.63,-174.186 -78.63,-174.832 -78.63,-175.478 -78.63,-176.124 -78.63,-176.77 -78.63,-177.416 -78.63,-178.062 -78.63,-178.708 -78.63,-179.354 -78.63,180 -78.63,179.818 -78.63,179.636 -78.63,179.454 -78.63,179.272 -78.63,179.09 -78.63,178.908 -78.63,178.726 -78.63,178.544 -78.63,178.362 -78.63,178.18 -78.63,178.18 -78.012,178.18 -77.394,178.18 -76.776,178.18 -76.158,178.18 -75.54,178.18 -74.922,178.18 -74.304,178.18 -73.686,178.18 -73.068,178.18 -72.45,178.362 -72.45,178.544 -72.45,178.726 -72.45,178.908 -72.45,179.09 -72.45,179.272 -72.45,179.454 -72.45,179.636 -72.45,179.818 -72.45,-180 -72.45))"], "date_created": "Wed, 13 Nov 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Biogenic silica concentrations collected from CTD casts during RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise in the Ross Sea, Southern Ocean from December 2017-February 2018", "east": -173.54, "geometry": ["POINT(-177.68 -75.54)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biogenic Silica; Biogenic Silica Concentrations ; Chemistry:Water; Geochemistry; NBP1801; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Sea Water; Southern Ocean; Spectroscopy; Water Measurements; Water Samples", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -72.45, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ditullio, Giacomo; Schanke, Nicole", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Cobalamin and Iron Co-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Species in Terra Nova Bay", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010045", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Cobalamin and Iron Co-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Species in Terra Nova Bay"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.63, "title": "Biogenic silica concentrations from the Ross Sea", "uid": "601225", "west": 178.18}, {"awards": "1341558 Ji, Rubao", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -45,-144 -45,-108 -45,-72 -45,-36 -45,0 -45,36 -45,72 -45,108 -45,144 -45,180 -45,180 -48.4,180 -51.8,180 -55.2,180 -58.6,180 -62,180 -65.4,180 -68.8,180 -72.2,180 -75.6,180 -79,144 -79,108 -79,72 -79,36 -79,0 -79,-36 -79,-72 -79,-108 -79,-144 -79,-180 -79,-180 -75.6,-180 -72.2,-180 -68.8,-180 -65.4,-180 -62,-180 -58.6,-180 -55.2,-180 -51.8,-180 -48.4,-180 -45))"], "date_created": "Tue, 22 Oct 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The dataset includes 1) sea ice concentrations in Antarctic coastal polynyas (1979-2015) and seasonal ice zones (1978-2019); 2) chlorophyll concentrations in Antarctic coastal polynyas (1997-2015) and seasonal ice zones (1997-2019). The sea ice dataset is a tailored product after processing a global-scale sea ice data product managed by National Snow and Ice Data Center. The chlorophyll dataset is a tailored product after processing a global-scale ocean color dataset produced by GLOBCOLOUR, the European Service for Ocean Colour ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyll Concentration; Oceans; Polynya; Sea Ice Concentration; Seasonal Ice Zone; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -45.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ji, Rubao", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Phytoplankton Phenology in the Antarctic: Drivers, Patterns, and Implications for the Adelie Penguin", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000001", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Phytoplankton Phenology in the Antarctic: Drivers, Patterns, and Implications for the Adelie Penguin"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.0, "title": "Sea ice and chlorophyll concentrations in Antarctic coastal polynyas and seasonal ice zones", "uid": "601219", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1341339 Baker, Bill", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.03 -64.254,-64.0286 -64.254,-64.0272 -64.254,-64.0258 -64.254,-64.0244 -64.254,-64.023 -64.254,-64.0216 -64.254,-64.0202 -64.254,-64.0188 -64.254,-64.0174 -64.254,-64.016 -64.254,-64.016 -64.2543,-64.016 -64.2546,-64.016 -64.2549,-64.016 -64.2552,-64.016 -64.2555,-64.016 -64.2558,-64.016 -64.2561,-64.016 -64.2564,-64.016 -64.2567,-64.016 -64.257,-64.0174 -64.257,-64.0188 -64.257,-64.0202 -64.257,-64.0216 -64.257,-64.023 -64.257,-64.0244 -64.257,-64.0258 -64.257,-64.0272 -64.257,-64.0286 -64.257,-64.03 -64.257,-64.03 -64.2567,-64.03 -64.2564,-64.03 -64.2561,-64.03 -64.2558,-64.03 -64.2555,-64.03 -64.2552,-64.03 -64.2549,-64.03 -64.2546,-64.03 -64.2543,-64.03 -64.254))"], "date_created": "Wed, 09 Oct 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Samples of the red alga Plocamium cartilagineum were collected from the area around Palmer Station, Antarctica, and characterized by gas chromatography for their secondary metabolite content. Patterns in secondary metabolite content were used to establish chemical phenotypes (chemotypes).", "east": -64.016, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.023 -64.2555)"], "keywords": "Algae; Antarctica; Biota; Chemical Ecology; Chemotyping; Halogenated Monoterpenes; Natural Products; Oceans; Palmer Station; Plocamium Cartilagineum; Southern Ocean; Terpenes", "locations": "Palmer Station; Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Palmer Station", "north": -64.254, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Baker, Bill", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.257, "title": "Plocamium cartilagineum field chemotyping", "uid": "601215", "west": -64.03}, {"awards": "0732625 Leventer, Amy; 9714371 Leventer, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64 -63,-63.1 -63,-62.2 -63,-61.3 -63,-60.4 -63,-59.5 -63,-58.6 -63,-57.7 -63,-56.8 -63,-55.9 -63,-55 -63,-55 -63.4,-55 -63.8,-55 -64.2,-55 -64.6,-55 -65,-55 -65.4,-55 -65.8,-55 -66.2,-55 -66.6,-55 -67,-55.9 -67,-56.8 -67,-57.7 -67,-58.6 -67,-59.5 -67,-60.4 -67,-61.3 -67,-62.2 -67,-63.1 -67,-64 -67,-64 -66.6,-64 -66.2,-64 -65.8,-64 -65.4,-64 -65,-64 -64.6,-64 -64.2,-64 -63.8,-64 -63.4,-64 -63))"], "date_created": "Mon, 16 Sep 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Diatom data from eastern side of Antarctic Peninsula:\r\n\r\nThis file includes quantitative diatom data for surface samples collected on numerous cruises to the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula, including NBP0003, NBP0107, LMG0502, NBP0603, and NBP1203. Samples were collected using a variety of tools including Smith-McIntyre Grab, Kasten Core and Jumbo Kasten Core. These data were generated by Amy Leventer (aleventer@colgate.edu) and undergraduate students at Colgate University. All questions regarding the specifics of these data should be directed to Amy Leventer. \r\n\r\nQuantitative diatom slides were prepared according to the settling technique of Scherer (1995). Cover slips were adhered to the slides using Norland Optical Adhesive #61. Slides were observed under Olympus CX31, BX50 and BX60, and Zeiss Primo Star light microscopes, using a 100X oil immersion objective for a total magnification of 1000X. A minimum of 400 valves or 10 transects was counted for each slide, depending on the absolute diatom abundance. Valves were only counted if \u003e50% complete. Diatoms were identified to species level when possible (Crosta et al., 2005; Armand et al., 2005; Cefarelli et al., 2010).\r\n\r\nArmand, L.K., X. Crosta, O. Romero, J. J. Pichon (2005), The biogeography of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean sediments: 1. Sea ice related species, Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 223, 93-126. \r\n\r\nCefarelli, A.O., M. E. Ferrario, G. O. Almandoz, A. G. Atencio, R. Akselman, M. Vernet (2010), Diversity of the diatom genus Fragilariopsis in the Argentine Sea and Antarctic waters: morphology, distribution and abundance, Polar Biology, 33(2), 1463-1484. \r\n\r\nCrosta, X., O. Romero, L. K. Armand, J. Pichon (2005), The biogeography of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean sediments: 2. Open ocean related species, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 223, 66-92. \r\n\r\nScherer, R. P., A new method for the determination of absolute abundance of diatoms and other silt-sized sedimentary particles, J. Paleolimnol., 12, 171\u2013178, 1995.\r\n", "east": -55.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-59.5 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Benthos; Biota; Diatom; Geology/Geophysics - Other; LMG0502; Marine Geoscience; Marine Sediments; Microscope; NBP0003; NBP0107; NBP0603; NBP1203; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Surface Sediment", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Leventer, Amy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -67.0, "title": "Easten Antarctic Peninsula Surface Sediment Diatom Data", "uid": "601211", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "1826712 McMahon, Kelton; 1443585 Polito, Michael; 1443424 McMahon, Kelton; 1443386 Emslie, Steven", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-63 -60,-62.1 -60,-61.2 -60,-60.3 -60,-59.4 -60,-58.5 -60,-57.6 -60,-56.7 -60,-55.8 -60,-54.9 -60,-54 -60,-54 -60.4,-54 -60.8,-54 -61.2,-54 -61.6,-54 -62,-54 -62.4,-54 -62.8,-54 -63.2,-54 -63.6,-54 -64,-54.9 -64,-55.8 -64,-56.7 -64,-57.6 -64,-58.5 -64,-59.4 -64,-60.3 -64,-61.2 -64,-62.1 -64,-63 -64,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.2,-63 -62.8,-63 -62.4,-63 -62,-63 -61.6,-63 -61.2,-63 -60.8,-63 -60.4,-63 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 13 Sep 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains measurements of carbon (\u03b413C) and nitrogen (\u03b415N) stable isotope values of whole-body Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) collected from trawl surveys of waters surrounding the South Shetland Islands and the northern Antarctic Peninsula during the 2006-07 and 2008-90 Austral summers. Stable isotope analyses were conducted using an elemental analyzer coupled to a continuous flow stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Individual krill were lipid-extracted prior to analyses. The data set also includes latitude, longitude, month, and year of sample collection, standard length of the krill to the nearest mm, age class, sex, and carbon to nitrogen ratios. Details of the data set and all relevant methods are provided in Polito et al., 2013 and Polito et al., 2019.", "east": -54.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-58.5 -62)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Krill; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Carbon Isotopes; isotope data; Krill; Nitrogen Isotopes; Oceans; Southern Ocean; Stable Isotope Analysis", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Polito, Michael", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010047", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.0, "title": "Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of Antarctic Krill from the South Shetland Islands and the northern Antarctic Peninsula 2007 and 2009", "uid": "601210", "west": -63.0}, {"awards": "1643901 Zhang, Weifeng", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((55 -62,65 -62,75 -62,85 -62,95 -62,105 -62,115 -62,125 -62,135 -62,145 -62,155 -62,155 -62.8,155 -63.6,155 -64.4,155 -65.2,155 -66,155 -66.8,155 -67.6,155 -68.4,155 -69.2,155 -70,145 -70,135 -70,125 -70,115 -70,105 -70,95 -70,85 -70,75 -70,65 -70,55 -70,55 -69.2,55 -68.4,55 -67.6,55 -66.8,55 -66,55 -65.2,55 -64.4,55 -63.6,55 -62.8,55 -62))"], "date_created": "Tue, 10 Sep 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The emperor penguin, an iconic species threatened by projected sea-ice loss in Antarctica, has long been considered to forage at the fast ice edge, presumably relying on large/yearly-persistent polynyas as their main foraging habitat during the breeding season. Using newly developed fine-scale sea-icescape data and historical penguin tracking data, this study for the first time suggests the importance of less-recognized small openings, including cracks, flaw leads and ephemeral short-term polynyas, as foraging habitats for emperor penguins. The tracking data retrieved from 47 emperor penguins in two different colonies in East Antarctica suggest that those penguins spent 23% of their time in ephemeral polynyas and did not use the large/yearly-persistent, well-studied polynyas, even they occur much more regularly with predictable locations. These findings challenge our previous understanding of emperor penguin breeding habitats, highlighting the need for incorporating fine-scale seascape features when assessing the population persistence in a rapidly changing polar environment.", "east": 155.0, "geometry": ["POINT(105 -66)"], "keywords": "Animal Behavior Observation; Antarctica; Biota; East Antarctica; GPS; Oceans; Penguin; Southern Ocean", "locations": "East Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Labrousse, Sara; Fraser, Alexander; Tamura, Takeshi; Pinaud, David; Wienecke, Barbara; Kirkwood, Roger; Ropert-Coudert, Yan; Resinger, Ryan; Jonsen, Ian; Porter-Smith, Rick; Barbraud, Christophe; Bost, Charles-Andr\u00e9; Ji, Rubao; Jenouvrier, Stephanie; Sumner, Michael", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010044", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "Dynamic fine-scale sea-icescape shapes adult emperor penguin foraging habitat in East Antarctica", "uid": "601209", "west": 55.0}, {"awards": "1644073 DiTullio, Giacomo", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -72.448188333,-179.35369 -72.448188333,-178.70738 -72.448188333,-178.06107 -72.448188333,-177.41476 -72.448188333,-176.76845 -72.448188333,-176.12214 -72.448188333,-175.47583 -72.448188333,-174.82952 -72.448188333,-174.18321 -72.448188333,-173.5369 -72.448188333,-173.5369 -73.0663094997,-173.5369 -73.6844306664,-173.5369 -74.3025518331,-173.5369 -74.9206729998,-173.5369 -75.5387941665,-173.5369 -76.1569153332,-173.5369 -76.7750364999,-173.5369 -77.3931576666,-173.5369 -78.0112788333,-173.5369 -78.6294,-174.18321 -78.6294,-174.82952 -78.6294,-175.47583 -78.6294,-176.12214 -78.6294,-176.76845 -78.6294,-177.41476 -78.6294,-178.06107 -78.6294,-178.70738 -78.6294,-179.35369 -78.6294,180 -78.6294,179.818135 -78.6294,179.63627 -78.6294,179.454405 -78.6294,179.27254 -78.6294,179.090675 -78.6294,178.90881 -78.6294,178.726945 -78.6294,178.54508 -78.6294,178.363215 -78.6294,178.18135 -78.6294,178.18135 -78.0112788333,178.18135 -77.3931576666,178.18135 -76.7750364999,178.18135 -76.1569153332,178.18135 -75.5387941665,178.18135 -74.9206729998,178.18135 -74.3025518331,178.18135 -73.6844306664,178.18135 -73.0663094997,178.18135 -72.448188333,178.363215 -72.448188333,178.54508 -72.448188333,178.726945 -72.448188333,178.90881 -72.448188333,179.090675 -72.448188333,179.27254 -72.448188333,179.454405 -72.448188333,179.63627 -72.448188333,179.818135 -72.448188333,-180 -72.448188333))"], "date_created": "Tue, 27 Aug 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Algal pigment concentrations as measured by HPLC from RV/IB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise in the Ross Sea from 2017-2018", "east": -173.5369, "geometry": ["POINT(-177.677775 -75.5387941665)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:Fluid; Chlorophyll; Chromatography; Liquid Chromatograph; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Sea Water; seawater measurements; Southern Ocean; Water Measurements; Water Samples", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -72.448188333, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ditullio, Giacomo", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Cobalamin and Iron Co-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Species in Terra Nova Bay", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010045", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Cobalamin and Iron Co-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Species in Terra Nova Bay"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.6294, "title": "Algal pigment concentrations from the Ross Sea", "uid": "601205", "west": 178.18135}, {"awards": "1341717 Ackley, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -55,-177 -55,-174 -55,-171 -55,-168 -55,-165 -55,-162 -55,-159 -55,-156 -55,-153 -55,-150 -55,-150 -57.3,-150 -59.6,-150 -61.9,-150 -64.2,-150 -66.5,-150 -68.8,-150 -71.1,-150 -73.4,-150 -75.7,-150 -78,-153 -78,-156 -78,-159 -78,-162 -78,-165 -78,-168 -78,-171 -78,-174 -78,-177 -78,180 -78,178 -78,176 -78,174 -78,172 -78,170 -78,168 -78,166 -78,164 -78,162 -78,160 -78,160 -75.7,160 -73.4,160 -71.1,160 -68.8,160 -66.5,160 -64.2,160 -61.9,160 -59.6,160 -57.3,160 -55,162 -55,164 -55,166 -55,168 -55,170 -55,172 -55,174 -55,176 -55,178 -55,-180 -55))"], "date_created": "Mon, 10 Jun 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset is the csv file of hourly visual ice observations conducted in the ASPeCt protocol on the PIPERS cruise NBP1704 to the Ross Sea during April to June 5 2017. Parameters are ice concentration, thickness, snow depth, floe sizes, etc for up to three categories of ice type within a 1km radius of the ship during the observation. These are identified by date, time and latitude, longitude at the time of observations", "east": -150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-175 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Ice Concentration; Ice Thickness; Ice Type; NBP1704; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Sea Ice; Snow Depth; Snow/Ice; Visual Observations", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -55.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Ackley, Stephen", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "ASPeCt Visual Ice Observations on PIPERS Cruise NBP1704 April-June 2017", "uid": "601183", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "1822289 Vernet, Maria", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-59.402149 -62.131908,-58.9639887 -62.131908,-58.5258284 -62.131908,-58.0876681 -62.131908,-57.6495078 -62.131908,-57.2113475 -62.131908,-56.7731872 -62.131908,-56.3350269 -62.131908,-55.8968666 -62.131908,-55.4587063 -62.131908,-55.020546 -62.131908,-55.020546 -62.384829,-55.020546 -62.63775,-55.020546 -62.890671,-55.020546 -63.143592,-55.020546 -63.396513,-55.020546 -63.649434,-55.020546 -63.902355,-55.020546 -64.155276,-55.020546 -64.408197,-55.020546 -64.661118,-55.4587063 -64.661118,-55.8968666 -64.661118,-56.3350269 -64.661118,-56.7731872 -64.661118,-57.2113475 -64.661118,-57.6495078 -64.661118,-58.0876681 -64.661118,-58.5258284 -64.661118,-58.9639887 -64.661118,-59.402149 -64.661118,-59.402149 -64.408197,-59.402149 -64.155276,-59.402149 -63.902355,-59.402149 -63.649434,-59.402149 -63.396513,-59.402149 -63.143592,-59.402149 -62.890671,-59.402149 -62.63775,-59.402149 -62.384829,-59.402149 -62.131908))"], "date_created": "Mon, 29 Apr 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine ecosystems under large ice shelves are thought to contain sparse, low-diversity plankton and seafloor communities due the low supply of food from productive sunlight waters. Past studies have shown sub-ice shelf ecosystems to change in response to altered oceanographic processes resulting from ice-shelve retreat. However, information on community changes and ecosystem structure under ice shelves are limited because sub-ice-shelf ecosystems have either been sampled many years after ice-shelf breakout, or have been sampled through small boreholes, yielding extremely limited spatial information. The recent breakout of the A-68 iceberg from the Larsen C ice shelf in the western Weddell Sea provides an opportunity to use a ship-based study to evaluate benthic communities and water column characteristics in an area recently vacated by a large overlying ice shelf. The opportunity will allow spatial assessments at the time of transition from an under ice-shelf environment to one initially exposed to conditions more typical of a coastal Antarctic marine setting. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThis RAPID project will help determine the state of a coastal Antarctic ecosystem newly exposed from ice-shelf cover and will aid in understanding of rates of community change during transition. The project will conduct a 10-day field program, allowing contrasts to be made of phytoplankton and seafloor megafaunal communities in areas recently exposed by ice-shelf loss to areas exposed for many decades. The project will be undertaken in a collaborative manner with the South Korean Antarctic Agency, KOPRI, by participating in a cruise in March/May 2018. Combining new information in the area of Larsen C with existing observations after the Larsen A and B ice shelf breakups further to the north, the project is expected to generate a dataset that can elucidate fundamental processes of planktonic and benthic community development in transition from food-poor to food-rich ecosystems. The project will provide field experience to two graduate students, a post-doctoral associate and an undergraduate student. Material from the project will be incorporated into graduate courses and the project will communicate daily work and unfolding events through social media and blogs while they explore this area of the world that is largely underexplored.", "east": -55.020546, "geometry": ["POINT(-57.2113475 -63.396513)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chlorophyll; CTD; Glacier; Iceberg; Ice Shelf; Larsen C Ice Shelf; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Phytoplankton; Sample Location; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Station List", "locations": "Larsen C Ice Shelf; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -62.131908, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Pan, B. Jack; Vernet, Maria", "project_titles": "RAPID: Collaborative Research: Marine Ecosystem Response to the Larsen C Ice-Shelf Breakout: \"Time zero\"", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010029", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RAPID: Collaborative Research: Marine Ecosystem Response to the Larsen C Ice-Shelf Breakout: \"Time zero\""}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.661118, "title": "CTD stations and logs for Araon 2018 ANA08D expedition to Larson C", "uid": "601178", "west": -59.402149}, {"awards": "9909367 Leventer, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((57 -66,57.3 -66,57.6 -66,57.9 -66,58.2 -66,58.5 -66,58.8 -66,59.1 -66,59.4 -66,59.7 -66,60 -66,60 -66.1,60 -66.2,60 -66.3,60 -66.4,60 -66.5,60 -66.6,60 -66.7,60 -66.8,60 -66.9,60 -67,59.7 -67,59.4 -67,59.1 -67,58.8 -67,58.5 -67,58.2 -67,57.9 -67,57.6 -67,57.3 -67,57 -67,57 -66.9,57 -66.8,57 -66.7,57 -66.6,57 -66.5,57 -66.4,57 -66.3,57 -66.2,57 -66.1,57 -66))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Apr 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set describes diatom assemblages and abundances from two sediment cores retrieved from Edward VIII Gulf. The assemblages are used to reconstruct paleoceanographic conditions throughout the Holocene.", "east": 60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(58.5 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Diatom; East Antarctica; Microscopy; NBP0101; Oceans; Paleoceanography; Paleoclimate; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; sediment corer", "locations": "East Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Leventer, Amy", "project_titles": "Quaternary Glacial History and Paleoenvironments of the East Antarctic Margin", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000609", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Quaternary Glacial History and Paleoenvironments of the East Antarctic Margin"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "Diatom assemblages from Edward VIII Gulf, Kemp Coast, East Antarctica", "uid": "601177", "west": 57.0}, {"awards": "1543412 Reinfelder, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-69.9043 -65.8708,-69.74203 -65.8708,-69.57976 -65.8708,-69.41749 -65.8708,-69.25522 -65.8708,-69.09295 -65.8708,-68.93068 -65.8708,-68.76841 -65.8708,-68.60614 -65.8708,-68.44387 -65.8708,-68.2816 -65.8708,-68.2816 -66.05698,-68.2816 -66.24316,-68.2816 -66.42934,-68.2816 -66.61552,-68.2816 -66.8017,-68.2816 -66.98788,-68.2816 -67.17406,-68.2816 -67.36024,-68.2816 -67.54642,-68.2816 -67.7326,-68.44387 -67.7326,-68.60614 -67.7326,-68.76841 -67.7326,-68.93068 -67.7326,-69.09295 -67.7326,-69.25522 -67.7326,-69.41749 -67.7326,-69.57976 -67.7326,-69.74203 -67.7326,-69.9043 -67.7326,-69.9043 -67.54642,-69.9043 -67.36024,-69.9043 -67.17406,-69.9043 -66.98788,-69.9043 -66.8017,-69.9043 -66.61552,-69.9043 -66.42934,-69.9043 -66.24316,-69.9043 -66.05698,-69.9043 -65.8708))"], "date_created": "Sun, 31 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes 16S rRNA gene libraries produced from DNA extracted from pooled digestive tracts of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) collected in coastal waters west of the Antarctic Peninsula in 2014.", "east": -68.2816, "geometry": ["POINT(-69.09295 -66.8017)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Krill; LTER Palmer Station; Microbiome; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -65.8708, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Reinfelder, John", "project_titles": "Methylmercury in Antarctic Krill Microbiomes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010023", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Methylmercury in Antarctic Krill Microbiomes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LTER", "south": -67.7326, "title": "16S rRNA gene libraries of krill gut microbial communities", "uid": "601171", "west": -69.9043}, {"awards": "1041022 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Wed, 13 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Response time data for snails escaping from predatory sea stars", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthos; Biota; Oceans; Snail; Southern Ocean; Visual Observations", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Schram, Julie; Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000426", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Response time data for snails escaping from predatory sea stars", "uid": "601162", "west": null}, {"awards": "9725024 Jacobs, Stanley; 9909374 Fairbanks, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((140 -65.5,141 -65.5,142 -65.5,143 -65.5,144 -65.5,145 -65.5,146 -65.5,147 -65.5,148 -65.5,149 -65.5,150 -65.5,150 -65.75,150 -66,150 -66.25,150 -66.5,150 -66.75,150 -67,150 -67.25,150 -67.5,150 -67.75,150 -68,149 -68,148 -68,147 -68,146 -68,145 -68,144 -68,143 -68,142 -68,141 -68,140 -68,140 -67.75,140 -67.5,140 -67.25,140 -67,140 -66.75,140 -66.5,140 -66.25,140 -66,140 -65.75,140 -65.5))"], "date_created": "Mon, 11 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Summer Oceanographic Measurements near the Mertz Polynya (140-150E) on NB Palmer Cruise 00-08. These are processed, high resolution CTD and bottle data files; Standard level listings and station listings and plots.", "east": 150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(145 -66.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CTD; CTD Data; Mertz Polynya; NBP0008; Oceans; Oxygen; Physical Oceanography; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Mertz Polynya; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -65.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Jacobs, Stanley; Mele, Phil; Mortlock, R. A.; Smethie, William M", "project_titles": "Circumpolar Deep Water and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Shelf and Bottom Water Formation Near East Antarctic Polynyas and Glaciers", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000612", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Shelf and Bottom Water Formation Near East Antarctic Polynyas and Glaciers"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000815", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Circumpolar Deep Water and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.0, "title": "Summer Oceanographic Measurements near the Mertz Polynya NBP0008", "uid": "601161", "west": 140.0}, {"awards": "1245766 Waller, Rhian", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-66.5 -63,-65.95 -63,-65.4 -63,-64.85 -63,-64.3 -63,-63.75 -63,-63.2 -63,-62.65 -63,-62.1 -63,-61.55 -63,-61 -63,-61 -63.63,-61 -64.26,-61 -64.89,-61 -65.52,-61 -66.15,-61 -66.78,-61 -67.41,-61 -68.04,-61 -68.67,-61 -69.3,-61.55 -69.3,-62.1 -69.3,-62.65 -69.3,-63.2 -69.3,-63.75 -69.3,-64.3 -69.3,-64.85 -69.3,-65.4 -69.3,-65.95 -69.3,-66.5 -69.3,-66.5 -68.67,-66.5 -68.04,-66.5 -67.41,-66.5 -66.78,-66.5 -66.15,-66.5 -65.52,-66.5 -64.89,-66.5 -64.26,-66.5 -63.63,-66.5 -63))"], "date_created": "Thu, 07 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Station location information of trawl and CTD stations used for collecting coral samples and water for incubation during expedition NBP1509 in 2015 near the Antarctic Peninsula.", "east": -61.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-63.75 -66.15)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Corals; CTD; LMG1509; Oceans; Otter Trawl; R/V Laurence M. Gould; Sample/Collection Description; Sample Location; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Waller, Rhian", "project_titles": "Cold Corals in Hot Water - Investigating the Physiological Responses of Antarctic Coral Larvae to Climate change Stress", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010017", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Cold Corals in Hot Water - Investigating the Physiological Responses of Antarctic Coral Larvae to Climate change Stress"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.3, "title": "Log Sheets of coral samples for LMG1509", "uid": "601160", "west": -66.5}, {"awards": "1341333 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-65 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.6 -63,-64.4 -63,-64.2 -63,-64 -63,-63.8 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.4 -63,-63.2 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.2,-63 -63.4,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.8,-63 -64,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.4,-63 -64.6,-63 -64.8,-63 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.4 -65,-63.6 -65,-63.8 -65,-64 -65,-64.2 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.6 -65,-64.8 -65,-65 -65,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.6,-65 -64.4,-65 -64.2,-65 -64,-65 -63.8,-65 -63.6,-65 -63.4,-65 -63.2,-65 -63))"], "date_created": "Mon, 04 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "These three spreadsheets contain all the data used in Amsler et al. 2019. Impacts of macroalgal-associated gastropods on epiphytic microalgae on the ecologically important Antarctic brown alga Himantothallus grandifolius. Antarctic Science 31: doi:10.1017/S0954102019000014", "east": -63.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-64 -64)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic; Biota; Macroalgae; Mesograzer; Microscopy; Oceans; Zooplankton", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Data from Amsler et al. 2019 Antarctic Science, doi:10.1017/S0954102019000014", "uid": "601159", "west": -65.0}, {"awards": "1313826 Orsi, Alejandro", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((119 -66,119.3 -66,119.6 -66,119.9 -66,120.2 -66,120.5 -66,120.8 -66,121.1 -66,121.4 -66,121.7 -66,122 -66,122 -66.1,122 -66.2,122 -66.3,122 -66.4,122 -66.5,122 -66.6,122 -66.7,122 -66.8,122 -66.9,122 -67,121.7 -67,121.4 -67,121.1 -67,120.8 -67,120.5 -67,120.2 -67,119.9 -67,119.6 -67,119.3 -67,119 -67,119 -66.9,119 -66.8,119 -66.7,119 -66.6,119 -66.5,119 -66.4,119 -66.3,119 -66.2,119 -66.1,119 -66))"], "date_created": "Mon, 24 Dec 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "An array of three moorings (M1-M3) with current meters, temperature, conductivity, and pressure (TCP) recorders were deployed along the eastern flank of the continental shelf off Sabrina Coast, at the main path of the Antarctic Coastal Current indicated by the uCTD data collected earlier during the cruise.\r\n\r\nThese three US mooring were deployed at the 625-m (M1), 620-m (M2) and 1051-m (M3) isobaths.\r\n M1 was recovered on 25 February 2014, with a full data return from all of its instruments; whereas M2 and M3 were recovered in early 2015 on board of the Australian RVI Aurora Australis next year (cruise AU1402).\r\n\r\nThe location and schematics of the mooring array design is described below, and also provided among the uploaded files.\r\n", "east": 122.0, "geometry": ["POINT(120.5 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; AU1402; Mooring; NBP1402; Oceans; ocean temperature; Physical Oceanography; R/V Aurora Australis; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Sabrina Coast; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Sabrina Coast; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Orsi, Alejandro", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000008", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "AU1402 mooring data", "uid": "601148", "west": 119.0}, {"awards": "1143833 Orsi, Alejandro", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((117 -64,119.9 -64,122.8 -64,125.7 -64,128.6 -64,131.5 -64,134.4 -64,137.3 -64,140.2 -64,143.1 -64,146 -64,146 -64.4,146 -64.8,146 -65.2,146 -65.6,146 -66,146 -66.4,146 -66.8,146 -67.2,146 -67.6,146 -68,143.1 -68,140.2 -68,137.3 -68,134.4 -68,131.5 -68,128.6 -68,125.7 -68,122.8 -68,119.9 -68,117 -68,117 -67.6,117 -67.2,117 -66.8,117 -66.4,117 -66,117 -65.6,117 -65.2,117 -64.8,117 -64.4,117 -64))"], "date_created": "Sun, 23 Dec 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Underway Salinity (Conductivity), Temperature, Depth (Pressure) profiles from NBP1402, final, reduced, quality control version. Data are reported as an ascii table suitable for import to Ocean Data View. ", "east": 146.0, "geometry": ["POINT(131.5 -66)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CTD Data; NBP1402; Oceans; ocean temperature; Physical Oceanography; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Sabrina Coast; Salinity; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Sabrina Coast; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Orsi, Alejandro", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000008", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.0, "title": "NBP1402 Final UCTD data", "uid": "601146", "west": 117.0}, {"awards": "1425989 Sarmiento, Jorge", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -20,-144 -20,-108 -20,-72 -20,-36 -20,0 -20,36 -20,72 -20,108 -20,144 -20,180 -20,180 -27,180 -34,180 -41,180 -48,180 -55,180 -62,180 -69,180 -76,180 -83,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -83,-180 -76,-180 -69,-180 -62,-180 -55,-180 -48,-180 -41,-180 -34,-180 -27,-180 -20))"], "date_created": "Fri, 14 Dec 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset include the budget terms for heat, carbon and phosphate storage tendency in \r\npre-industrial simulation and climate change simulation forced with atmospheric CO2 increasing at a rate of 1% per year run following 120 years of the pre-industrial simulation. \r\nThe results are zonally integrated. The dataset also include the meridional overturning circulation in the control and climate simulations. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Anthropogenic Heat; Atmosphere; Carbon Storage; Climate Change; Eddy; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; heat budget; Modeling; Model Output; Oceans; Paleoclimate; Snow/Ice; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -20.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Chen, Haidi", "project_titles": "Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000197", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Model output NOAA GFDL CM2_6 Cant Hant storage", "uid": "601144", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1341485 Woods, H. Arthur; 1341476 Moran, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.67 -77.85)"], "date_created": "Fri, 07 Dec 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains morphometric (mass, surface area, cuticle thickness, cuticle morphometrics) and physiological (oxygen consumption) data for Antarctic pycnognonids collected in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica .", "east": 166.67, "geometry": ["POINT(166.67 -77.85)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biomechanics; Biota; Cold Adaptation; McMurdo Sound; metabolism; Oceans; Oxygen; Pycnogonida; Southern Ocean", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.85, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Moran, Amy; Woods, H. Arthur; Tobalske, Bret", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Body Size, Oxygen, and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Antarctic Pycnogonida", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000007", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Body Size, Oxygen, and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Antarctic Pycnogonida"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.85, "title": "Physiological and biochemical measurements on Pycnogonida from McMurdo Sound", "uid": "601142", "west": 166.67}, {"awards": "1246202 Hofmann, Gretchen; 0944201 Hofmann, Gretchen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163.5281 -77.5715,163.84105 -77.5715,164.154 -77.5715,164.46695 -77.5715,164.7799 -77.5715,165.09285 -77.5715,165.4058 -77.5715,165.71875 -77.5715,166.0317 -77.5715,166.34465 -77.5715,166.6576 -77.5715,166.6576 -77.59928,166.6576 -77.62706,166.6576 -77.65484,166.6576 -77.68262,166.6576 -77.7104,166.6576 -77.73818,166.6576 -77.76596,166.6576 -77.79374,166.6576 -77.82152,166.6576 -77.8493,166.34465 -77.8493,166.0317 -77.8493,165.71875 -77.8493,165.4058 -77.8493,165.09285 -77.8493,164.7799 -77.8493,164.46695 -77.8493,164.154 -77.8493,163.84105 -77.8493,163.5281 -77.8493,163.5281 -77.82152,163.5281 -77.79374,163.5281 -77.76596,163.5281 -77.73818,163.5281 -77.7104,163.5281 -77.68262,163.5281 -77.65484,163.5281 -77.62706,163.5281 -77.59928,163.5281 -77.5715))"], "date_created": "Wed, 05 Dec 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset consists of measurements made of pH (total scale) and temperature at various sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica with autonomous DuraFET\u00ae - based pH sensors. Sensors logged every 4 hours and ran until batteries were exhausted. Sensors were calibrated with water samples following best practices from Dickson et al (2007). Details of select years from this dataset are provided in Kapsenberg et al(2015). ", "east": 166.6576, "geometry": ["POINT(165.09285 -77.7104)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; McMurdo Sound; McMurdo Station; Mooring; Oceans; ocean temperature; PH; Physical Oceanography; Ross Sea; Sea Surface Temperature; seawater measurements; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Ross Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.5715, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Hoshijima, Umihiko; Hofmann, Gretchen; Kapsenberg, Lydia", "project_titles": "Ocean Acidification Seascape: Linking Natural Variability and Anthropogenic changes in pH and Temperature to Performance in Calcifying Antarctic Marine Invertebrates", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000390", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ocean Acidification Seascape: Linking Natural Variability and Anthropogenic changes in pH and Temperature to Performance in Calcifying Antarctic Marine Invertebrates"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8493, "title": "Nearshore pH, temperature, (salinity, depth) at mooring sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, Overwinter 2011-2016", "uid": "601141", "west": 163.5281}, {"awards": "1341440 Jin, Meibing", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -45,-144 -45,-108 -45,-72 -45,-36 -45,0 -45,36 -45,72 -45,108 -45,144 -45,180 -45,180 -49.5,180 -54,180 -58.5,180 -63,180 -67.5,180 -72,180 -76.5,180 -81,180 -85.5,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -85.5,-180 -81,-180 -76.5,-180 -72,-180 -67.5,-180 -63,-180 -58.5,-180 -54,-180 -49.5,-180 -45))"], "date_created": "Tue, 20 Nov 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Model Data; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -45.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Jin, Meibing", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Phytoplankton Phenology in the Antarctic: Drivers, Patterns, and Implications for the Adelie Penguin", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000001", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Phytoplankton Phenology in the Antarctic: Drivers, Patterns, and Implications for the Adelie Penguin"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Ice-ocean-ecosystem model output", "uid": "601136", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0838947 Tulaczyk, Slawek", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-165.28 -84.24,-165.086 -84.24,-164.892 -84.24,-164.698 -84.24,-164.504 -84.24,-164.31 -84.24,-164.116 -84.24,-163.922 -84.24,-163.728 -84.24,-163.534 -84.24,-163.34 -84.24,-163.34 -84.252,-163.34 -84.264,-163.34 -84.276,-163.34 -84.288,-163.34 -84.3,-163.34 -84.312,-163.34 -84.324,-163.34 -84.336,-163.34 -84.348,-163.34 -84.36,-163.534 -84.36,-163.728 -84.36,-163.922 -84.36,-164.116 -84.36,-164.31 -84.36,-164.504 -84.36,-164.698 -84.36,-164.892 -84.36,-165.086 -84.36,-165.28 -84.36,-165.28 -84.348,-165.28 -84.336,-165.28 -84.324,-165.28 -84.312,-165.28 -84.3,-165.28 -84.288,-165.28 -84.276,-165.28 -84.264,-165.28 -84.252,-165.28 -84.24))"], "date_created": "Sun, 09 Sep 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains ice-shelf basal melt rates and vertical strain rates for 11 sites near the Whillans Ice Stream grounding line. These rates were determined using Autonomous Phase-Sensitive Radar. Data processing is described in Begeman et al. 2018, JGR Oceans. These sites are concentrated within an embayment of the Ross Ice Shelf. These melt rates and strain rates were determined over periods ranging from 10 to 38 days in December 2014 to January 2015. ", "east": -163.34, "geometry": ["POINT(-164.31 -84.3)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Flexure Zone; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Shelf; ice-shelf basal melting; ice-shelf strain rate", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -84.24, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Begeman, Carolyn", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000105", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WISSARD", "south": -84.36, "title": "Basal melt rates of the Ross Ice Shelf near the Whillans Ice Stream grounding line", "uid": "601122", "west": -165.28}, {"awards": "1644159 Jacobs, Stanley", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-115 -73.5,-114.5 -73.5,-114 -73.5,-113.5 -73.5,-113 -73.5,-112.5 -73.5,-112 -73.5,-111.5 -73.5,-111 -73.5,-110.5 -73.5,-110 -73.5,-110 -73.6,-110 -73.7,-110 -73.8,-110 -73.9,-110 -74,-110 -74.1,-110 -74.2,-110 -74.3,-110 -74.4,-110 -74.5,-110.5 -74.5,-111 -74.5,-111.5 -74.5,-112 -74.5,-112.5 -74.5,-113 -74.5,-113.5 -74.5,-114 -74.5,-114.5 -74.5,-115 -74.5,-115 -74.4,-115 -74.3,-115 -74.2,-115 -74.1,-115 -74,-115 -73.9,-115 -73.8,-115 -73.7,-115 -73.6,-115 -73.5))"], "date_created": "Thu, 12 Jul 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Collection of CTD and LADCP summer profile observations in front of Dotson ice shelf, West Antarctica, between 2000 and 2016. The data can also be obtained from the various investigators and data centers, including the British Oceanographic Data Centre, the National Oceanographic Data Center, and the Korean Oceanographic Data Center. This dataset is used in the publication by Jenkins and collaborators in Nature Geoscience, 2018, entitled West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat in the Amundsen Sea driven by decadal oceanic variability.", "east": -110.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.5 -74)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Dotson ice shelf; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ocean properties; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; West Antarctica", "locations": "West Antarctica; Amundsen Sea; Dotson ice shelf; Antarctica", "north": -73.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Dutrieux, Pierre; Jacobs, Stanley; Jenkins, Adrian; Stammerjohn, Sharon", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -74.5, "title": "CTDP/LADCP profile data along Dotson ice shelf calving front from 2000 to 2016", "uid": "601105", "west": -115.0}, {"awards": "1143834 Huber, Bruce", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(120.5 -66.2)"], "date_created": "Wed, 15 Nov 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Time series of temperature and salinity from a sediment trap mooring deployed during NBP1402 on 04 March 2014 at 66S 11, 122 E 30.2, depth 547 m. The mooring was recovered from Aurora Australis on 26 December 2014 ", "east": 120.5, "geometry": ["POINT(120.5 -66.2)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Mooring; NBP1402; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Sabrina Coast; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Sabrina Coast; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -66.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Huber, Bruce", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000008", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.2, "title": "Sabrina Coast mooring data - sediment trap mooring 2014", "uid": "601069", "west": 120.5}, {"awards": "1143834 Huber, Bruce", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((117 -66,119.9 -66,122.8 -66,125.7 -66,128.6 -66,131.5 -66,134.4 -66,137.3 -66,140.2 -66,143.1 -66,146 -66,146 -66.1,146 -66.2,146 -66.3,146 -66.4,146 -66.5,146 -66.6,146 -66.7,146 -66.8,146 -66.9,146 -67,143.1 -67,140.2 -67,137.3 -67,134.4 -67,131.5 -67,128.6 -67,125.7 -67,122.8 -67,119.9 -67,117 -67,117 -66.9,117 -66.8,117 -66.7,117 -66.6,117 -66.5,117 -66.4,117 -66.3,117 -66.2,117 -66.1,117 -66))"], "date_created": "Wed, 15 Nov 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP) data collected concurrently with 15 CTD profiles during NBP1402. The LADCP acquires profiles of water current, expressed as U and V components (E-W and N-S).", "east": 146.0, "geometry": ["POINT(131.5 -66.5)"], "keywords": "ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler; Antarctica; NBP1402; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Sabrina Coast; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Sabrina Coast; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Huber, Bruce", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000008", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "NBP1402 Lowered ADCP data", "uid": "601068", "west": 117.0}, {"awards": "1143834 Huber, Bruce", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((117 -66,119.9 -66,122.8 -66,125.7 -66,128.6 -66,131.5 -66,134.4 -66,137.3 -66,140.2 -66,143.1 -66,146 -66,146 -66.1,146 -66.2,146 -66.3,146 -66.4,146 -66.5,146 -66.6,146 -66.7,146 -66.8,146 -66.9,146 -67,143.1 -67,140.2 -67,137.3 -67,134.4 -67,131.5 -67,128.6 -67,125.7 -67,122.8 -67,119.9 -67,117 -67,117 -66.9,117 -66.8,117 -66.7,117 -66.6,117 -66.5,117 -66.4,117 -66.3,117 -66.2,117 -66.1,117 -66))"], "date_created": "Fri, 10 Nov 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) profiles from NBP1402, final, calibrated version. 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The effects of these environmental changes are poorly understood, but preliminary data suggest that they are driving a biological invasion. Specifically, large populations of skeleton-crushing king crabs, Paralomis birsteini, have been detected off Marguerite Bay on the West Antarctic Peninsula. These crabs appear to be invading the continental shelf region where benthic communities have evolved in the absence of such top-predators. Thus, this invasion could result in a wholesale restructuring of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem. The proposed work seeks to document this invasion and better understand the effects of the introduction of P. birsteini on the ecology of this region. A towed underwater vehicle will be used to photographically image communities, and communities with and without P. birsteini will be compared quantitatively. Additionally, crabs will trapped and various aspects of their morphology and physiology will be assessed. This research is unique in that it will document a biological invasion in real-time and it will therefore enhance our general understandings of the drivers of invasion and resilience in biological communities. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of undergraduate and graduate students and will foster an international collaboration with British scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach thorough the development of K-12 curricular materials.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Anvers Island; Benthos; Biota; Camera Tow; LMG1502; Marguerite Bay; NBP1002; NBP1310; Oceans; Photo/Video; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Anvers Island; Marguerite Bay; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Aronson, Richard", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000303", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos", "uid": "600385", "west": null}, {"awards": "1443444 Yuan, Xiaojun", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((65.4503 -63.5143,67.2063 -63.5143,68.9623 -63.5143,70.7183 -63.5143,72.4743 -63.5143,74.2303 -63.5143,75.9863 -63.5143,77.7423 -63.5143,79.4983 -63.5143,81.2543 -63.5143,83.0103 -63.5143,83.0103 -64.09423,83.0103 -64.67416,83.0103 -65.25409,83.0103 -65.83402,83.0103 -66.41395,83.0103 -66.99388,83.0103 -67.57381,83.0103 -68.15374,83.0103 -68.73367,83.0103 -69.3136,81.2543 -69.3136,79.4983 -69.3136,77.7423 -69.3136,75.9863 -69.3136,74.2303 -69.3136,72.4743 -69.3136,70.7183 -69.3136,68.9623 -69.3136,67.2063 -69.3136,65.4503 -69.3136,65.4503 -68.73367,65.4503 -68.15374,65.4503 -67.57381,65.4503 -66.99388,65.4503 -66.41395,65.4503 -65.83402,65.4503 -65.25409,65.4503 -64.67416,65.4503 -64.09423,65.4503 -63.5143))"], "date_created": "Mon, 02 May 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains inventories and location maps for CTD data acquired by the icebreaker R/V Xue Long in the Prydz Bay- Amery Ice Shelf region. A total of 68 stations were acquired in February 2015 and 24 stations in March 2017, as part of a joint US/China project to study Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation.", "east": 83.0103, "geometry": ["POINT(74.2303 -66.41395)"], "keywords": "CTD Data; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Prydz Bay; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean; Xue Long", "locations": "Prydz Bay; Southern Ocean", "north": -63.5143, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Yuan, Xiaojun", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Contribution of Prydz Bay Shelf Water to Antarctic Bottom Water Formation", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000295", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Contribution of Prydz Bay Shelf Water to Antarctic Bottom Water Formation"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.3136, "title": "CTD Data Acquired by R/V Xue Long in the Prydz Bay- Amery Ice Shelf Region, 2015-2017", "uid": "600174", "west": 65.4503}, {"awards": "1141877 Aronson, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-111.18 -49.98,-105.429 -49.98,-99.678 -49.98,-93.927 -49.98,-88.176 -49.98,-82.425 -49.98,-76.674 -49.98,-70.923 -49.98,-65.172 -49.98,-59.421 -49.98,-53.67 -49.98,-53.67 -52.826,-53.67 -55.672,-53.67 -58.518,-53.67 -61.364,-53.67 -64.21,-53.67 -67.056,-53.67 -69.902,-53.67 -72.748,-53.67 -75.594,-53.67 -78.44,-59.421 -78.44,-65.172 -78.44,-70.923 -78.44,-76.674 -78.44,-82.425 -78.44,-88.176 -78.44,-93.927 -78.44,-99.678 -78.44,-105.429 -78.44,-111.18 -78.44,-111.18 -75.594,-111.18 -72.748,-111.18 -69.902,-111.18 -67.056,-111.18 -64.21,-111.18 -61.364,-111.18 -58.518,-111.18 -55.672,-111.18 -52.826,-111.18 -49.98))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Elevated temperatures and ocean acidification are both threatening the Southern Ocean. The effects of these environmental changes are poorly understood, but preliminary data suggest that they are driving a biological invasion. Specifically, large populations of skeleton-crushing king crabs, Paralomis birsteini, have been detected off Marguerite Bay on the West Antarctic Peninsula. These crabs appear to be invading the continental shelf region where benthic communities have evolved in the absence of such top-predators. Thus, this invasion could result in a wholesale restructuring of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem. The proposed work seeks to document this invasion and better understand the effects of the introduction of P. birsteini on the ecology of this region. A towed underwater vehicle will be used to photographically image communities, and communities with and without P. birsteini will be compared quantitatively. Additionally, crabs will trapped and various aspects of their morphology and physiology will be assessed. This research is unique in that it will document a biological invasion in real-time and it will therefore enhance our general understandings of the drivers of invasion and resilience in biological communities. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of undergraduate and graduate students and will foster an international collaboration with British scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach thorough the development of K-12 curricular materials.", "east": -53.67, "geometry": ["POINT(-82.425 -64.21)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Anvers Island; Benthos; Biota; Camera Tow; LMG1502; Marguerite Bay; NBP1002; NBP1310; Oceans; Photo/Video; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Anvers Island; Marguerite Bay; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -49.98, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Aronson, Richard", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000303", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.44, "title": "Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos", "uid": "600171", "west": -111.18}, {"awards": "1250208 Friedlaender, Ari", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-80 -63,-78 -63,-76 -63,-74 -63,-72 -63,-70 -63,-68 -63,-66 -63,-64 -63,-62 -63,-60 -63,-60 -63.7,-60 -64.4,-60 -65.1,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.5,-60 -67.2,-60 -67.9,-60 -68.6,-60 -69.3,-60 -70,-62 -70,-64 -70,-66 -70,-68 -70,-70 -70,-72 -70,-74 -70,-76 -70,-78 -70,-80 -70,-80 -69.3,-80 -68.6,-80 -67.9,-80 -67.2,-80 -66.5,-80 -65.8,-80 -65.1,-80 -64.4,-80 -63.7,-80 -63))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Whales play a central role in the ecology and biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean. However, little is known regarding their distribution and behavior, in part because of challenges associated with studying these organisms from large research vessels. This research will take advantage of the unique opportunity presented by the 2012-2013 test run of the smaller, more mobile R/V Point Sur. This work will use the Point Sur to investigate humpback whales in the waters studied by the Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Station off the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Employing a combination of long-term satellite-linked tags and short-term suction cup tags, researchers will investigate the distribution, abundance and foraging behaviors of whales in this region. Whale biogeography will then be related to quantitative surveys of krill, their primary food source. Hypotheses regarding whale distribution and foraging strategies as well as physical oceanographic features will be tested. The WAP is undergoing some of the most dramatic warming on the planet, and a better understanding of the ecology of top predators is central to developing an understanding of the impacts of this change. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. Finally, this work will be coordinated with the extensive infrastructure of the Palmer LTER site, enabling outreach and educational activities.\n", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-70 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Oceans; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean; Whales", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Friedlaender, Ari; Johnston, David; Nowacek, Douglas", "project_titles": "RAPID: Linking the Movement Patterns and Foraging Behavior of Humpback Whales to their Prey across Multiple Spatial Scales within the LTER Study Region", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000666", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RAPID: Linking the Movement Patterns and Foraging Behavior of Humpback Whales to their Prey across Multiple Spatial Scales within the LTER Study Region"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "Linking the Movement Patterns and Foraging Behavior of Humpback Whales to their Prey across Multiple Spatial Scales within the LTER Study Region", "uid": "600151", "west": -80.0}, {"awards": "1355533 Dayton, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -78,163.4 -78,163.8 -78,164.2 -78,164.6 -78,165 -78,165.4 -78,165.8 -78,166.2 -78,166.6 -78,167 -78,167 -78.05,167 -78.1,167 -78.15,167 -78.2,167 -78.25,167 -78.3,167 -78.35,167 -78.4,167 -78.45,167 -78.5,166.6 -78.5,166.2 -78.5,165.8 -78.5,165.4 -78.5,165 -78.5,164.6 -78.5,164.2 -78.5,163.8 -78.5,163.4 -78.5,163 -78.5,163 -78.45,163 -78.4,163 -78.35,163 -78.3,163 -78.25,163 -78.2,163 -78.15,163 -78.1,163 -78.05,163 -78))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic benthic communities are characterized by many species of sponges (Phylum Porifera), long thought to exhibit extremely slow demographic patterns of settlement, growth and reproduction. This project will analyze many hundreds of diver and remotely operated underwater vehicle photographs documenting a unique, episodic settlement event that occurred between 2000 and 2010 in McMurdo Sound that challenges this paradigm of slow growth. Artificial structures were placed on the seafloor between 1967 and 1974 at several sites, but no sponges were observed to settle on these structures until 2004. By 2010 some 40 species of sponges had settled and grown to be surprisingly large. Given the paradigm of slow settlement and growth supported by the long observation period (37 years, 1967-2004), this extraordinary large-scale settlement and rapid growth over just a 6-year time span is astonishing. This project utilizes image processing software (ImageJ) to obtain metrics (linear dimensions to estimate size, frequency, percent cover) for sponges and other fauna visible in the photographs. It uses R to conduct multidimensional scaling to ordinate community data and ANOSIM to test for differences of community data among sites and times and structures. It will also use SIMPER and ranked species abundances to discriminate species responsible for any differences.\nThis work focuses on Antarctic sponges, but the observations of massive episodic recruitment and growth are important to understanding seafloor communities worldwide. Ecosystems are composed of populations, and populations are ecologically described by their distribution and abundance. A little appreciated fact is that sponges often dominate marine communities, but because sponges are so hard to study, most workers focus on other groups such as corals, kelps, or bivalves. Because most sponges settle and grow slowly their life history is virtually unstudied. The assumption of relative stasis of the Antarctic seafloor community is common, and this project will shatter this paradigm by documenting a dramatic episodic event. Finally, the project takes advantage of old transects from the 1960s and 1970s and compares them with extensive 2010 surveys of the same habitats and sometimes the same intact transect lines, offering a long-term perspective of community change. The investigators will publish these results in peer-reviewed journals, give presentations to the general public and will involve students from local outreach programs, high schools, and undergraduates at UCSD to help with the analysis.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165 -78.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Bentic Fauna; Biota; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -78.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Dayton, Paul", "project_titles": "EAGER: A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000401", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization", "uid": "600164", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "1142018 Arrigo, Kevin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-75.8 -61.08,-74.457 -61.08,-73.114 -61.08,-71.771 -61.08,-70.428 -61.08,-69.085 -61.08,-67.742 -61.08,-66.399 -61.08,-65.056 -61.08,-63.713 -61.08,-62.37 -61.08,-62.37 -61.684,-62.37 -62.288,-62.37 -62.892,-62.37 -63.496,-62.37 -64.1,-62.37 -64.704,-62.37 -65.308,-62.37 -65.912,-62.37 -66.516,-62.37 -67.12,-63.713 -67.12,-65.056 -67.12,-66.399 -67.12,-67.742 -67.12,-69.085 -67.12,-70.428 -67.12,-71.771 -67.12,-73.114 -67.12,-74.457 -67.12,-75.8 -67.12,-75.8 -66.516,-75.8 -65.912,-75.8 -65.308,-75.8 -64.704,-75.8 -64.1,-75.8 -63.496,-75.8 -62.892,-75.8 -62.288,-75.8 -61.684,-75.8 -61.08))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Global climate change is having significant effects on areas of the Southern Ocean, and a better understanding of this ecosystem will permit predictions about the large-scale implications of these shifts. The haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica is an important component of the phytoplankton communities in this region, but little is known about the factors controlling its distribution. Preliminary data suggest that P. antarctica posses unique adaptations that allow it to thrive in regions with dynamic light regimes. This research will extend these results to identify the physiological and genetic mechanisms that affect the growth and distribution of P. antarctica. This work will use field and laboratory-based studies and a suite of modern molecular techniques to better understand the biogeography and physiology of this key organism. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of two graduate students and will foster an established international collaboration with Dutch scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach programs targeting K12 teachers as well as high school students.", "east": -62.37, "geometry": ["POINT(-69.085 -64.1)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Chlorophyll; CTD Data; NBP1310; NBP1409; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Phytoplankton; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -61.08, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Arrigo, Kevin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Adaptive Responses of Phaeocystis Populations in Antarctic Ecosystems", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000446", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Adaptive Responses of Phaeocystis Populations in Antarctic Ecosystems"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.12, "title": "Adaptive Responses of Phaeocystis Populations in Antarctic Ecosystems", "uid": "600161", "west": -75.8}, {"awards": "1043145 Obbard, Rachel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((164.1005 -77.1188,164.36443 -77.1188,164.62836 -77.1188,164.89229 -77.1188,165.15622 -77.1188,165.42015 -77.1188,165.68408 -77.1188,165.94801 -77.1188,166.21194 -77.1188,166.47587 -77.1188,166.7398 -77.1188,166.7398 -77.19337,166.7398 -77.26794,166.7398 -77.34251,166.7398 -77.41708,166.7398 -77.49165,166.7398 -77.56622,166.7398 -77.64079,166.7398 -77.71536,166.7398 -77.78993,166.7398 -77.8645,166.47587 -77.8645,166.21194 -77.8645,165.94801 -77.8645,165.68408 -77.8645,165.42015 -77.8645,165.15622 -77.8645,164.89229 -77.8645,164.62836 -77.8645,164.36443 -77.8645,164.1005 -77.8645,164.1005 -77.78993,164.1005 -77.71536,164.1005 -77.64079,164.1005 -77.56622,164.1005 -77.49165,164.1005 -77.41708,164.1005 -77.34251,164.1005 -77.26794,164.1005 -77.19337,164.1005 -77.1188))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "A range of chemical and microphysical pathways in polar latitudes, including spring time (tropospheric) ozone depletion, oxidative pathways for mercury, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) production leading to changes in the cloud cover and attendant surface energy budgets, have been invoked as being dependent upon the emission of halogen gases formed in sea-ice.\nThe prospects for climate warming induced reductions in sea ice extent causing alteration of these incompletely known surface-atmospheric feedbacks and interactions requires confirmation of mechanistic details in both laboratory studies and field campaigns. One such mechanistic question is how bromine (BrO and Br) enriched snow migrates or is formed through processes in sea-ice, prior to its subsequent mobilization as an aerosol fraction into the atmosphere by strong winds. Once aloft, it may react with ozone and other atmospheric species. Dartmouth researchers will collect snow from the surface of sea ice, from freely blowing snow and in sea-ice cores from Cape Byrd, Ross Sea. A range of spectroscopic, microanalytic and and microstructural approaches will be subsequently used to determine the Br distribution gradients through sea-ice, in order to shed light on how sea-ice first forms and then releases bromine species into the polar atmospheric boundary layer.", "east": 166.7398, "geometry": ["POINT(165.42015 -77.49165)"], "keywords": "Atmosphere; Chemistry:Ice; Critical Zone; Crystals; Glaciology; Oceans; Photo/Video; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Snow; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.1188, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Obbard, Rachel", "project_titles": "Bromide in Snow in the Sea Ice Zone", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000414", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Bromide in Snow in the Sea Ice Zone"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8645, "title": "Bromide in Snow in the Sea Ice Zone", "uid": "600158", "west": 164.1005}, {"awards": "0944646 Bowser, Samuel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-160 -68,-159 -68,-158 -68,-157 -68,-156 -68,-155 -68,-154 -68,-153 -68,-152 -68,-151 -68,-150 -68,-150 -69,-150 -70,-150 -71,-150 -72,-150 -73,-150 -74,-150 -75,-150 -76,-150 -77,-150 -78,-151 -78,-152 -78,-153 -78,-154 -78,-155 -78,-156 -78,-157 -78,-158 -78,-159 -78,-160 -78,-160 -77,-160 -76,-160 -75,-160 -74,-160 -73,-160 -72,-160 -71,-160 -70,-160 -69,-160 -68))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This research project will continue studies of a taxonomically definitive group of early evolving (single-chambered) Foraminifera at both multi-gene molecular and ultrastructural levels of analysis, in order to generate more robust and detailed phylogenies of these ecologically-important organisms. Studies will be extended to include members of the enigmatic genus Gromia, to better define their ecological significance and placement within the protistan supergroup Rhizara. Together, these structural and molecular data will be used to complete taxonomic descriptions of over 20 new rhizarian species. The research will develop rapid molecular screening methods for future ecological studies of rhizarian protists, and uncover the driving forces that led to their diversification. A range of educational activities will target local and national audiences, and include development of hands-on, standards-based, innovative science classroom activities. In addition, a short art/science documentary film depicting research on the biology and evolution of Antarctic rhizarian protists will form the basis of a workshop hosted by the Capital Region Center for Arts in Education. Note: There are no data associated with this entry.", "east": -150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-155 -73)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Foraminifera; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -68.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Bowser, Samuel S.", "project_titles": "Evolution and Diversity of Antarctic Rhizarian Protists", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000413", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Evolution and Diversity of Antarctic Rhizarian Protists"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Evolution and Diversity of Antarctic Rhizarian Protists", "uid": "600157", "west": -160.0}, {"awards": "0839107 Powell, Ross", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-163.7 -84,-163.68 -84,-163.66 -84,-163.64 -84,-163.62 -84,-163.6 -84,-163.58 -84,-163.56 -84,-163.54 -84,-163.52 -84,-163.5 -84,-163.5 -84.05,-163.5 -84.1,-163.5 -84.15,-163.5 -84.2,-163.5 -84.25,-163.5 -84.3,-163.5 -84.35,-163.5 -84.4,-163.5 -84.45,-163.5 -84.5,-163.52 -84.5,-163.54 -84.5,-163.56 -84.5,-163.58 -84.5,-163.6 -84.5,-163.62 -84.5,-163.64 -84.5,-163.66 -84.5,-163.68 -84.5,-163.7 -84.5,-163.7 -84.45,-163.7 -84.4,-163.7 -84.35,-163.7 -84.3,-163.7 -84.25,-163.7 -84.2,-163.7 -84.15,-163.7 -84.1,-163.7 -84.05,-163.7 -84))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The RAGES project (Robotic Access to Grounding zones for Exploration and Science) is one of three research components of the WISSARD (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) integrative initiative that is being funded by the Antarctic Integrated System Science Program of NSF\u0027s Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. The overarching scientific objective of WISSARD is to assess the role of water beneath a West Antarctic ice stream in interlinked glaciological, geological, microbiological, geochemical, and oceanographic systems. The RAGES component of WISSARD concentrates on the stability of ice stream grounding zones (GZ), the area where the ice, ocean waters and glacial and sea floor sediment interact. Based on our present limited data and modeling efforts, GZs can be perturbed by (i) internal ice stream dynamics, (ii) filling/draining cycles of subglacial lakes, (iii) increased melting by warming ocean waters, and/or (iv) rates of subglacial sediment (till) supply to the GZ. GZs are seen as high priority targets to investigate due to their unknown contributions to ice sheet stability under future global warming scenarios. The three main science goals for RAGES are to assess: (a) West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) stability relative to the magnitudes of the four main variables listed above; (b) the degree to which grounding-zone sedimentary systems house important records of past WAIS dynamics; and (c) the importance of microbial activity and subglacial geochemical weathering in supplying nutrients to the WAIS grounding zone, the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) cavity, and the highly productive Southern Ocean that may ultimately influence global biogeochemical cycles. The RAGES field sampling plan integrates surface geophysical surveys with borehole and subglacial sampling and measurements. The boreholes provide: (1) samples of subglacial water, sediments, and basal ice for biological, geochemical, glaciological, sedimentological, and micropaleontological analyses; (2) measures of subglacial and sub-ice-shelf cavity physical and chemical conditions and their spatial variability; and (3) data on sediment types, state and change of the subglacial water discharge, oceanography, and basal ice at the grounding line and within the nearby sub-ice-shelf cavity. Unique tools to be deployed include a multisensor Sub-Ice ROVer (Remotely Operated Vehicle) and long-term, sub-ice oceanographic moorings.\nThe latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recognized that the greatest uncertainties in assessing future global sea-level change stem from a poor understanding of ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet vulnerability to oceanic and atmospheric warming. Disintegration of the WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) alone would contribute 3-5 m to global sea-level rise, making WAIS a focus of scientific concern due to its potential susceptibility to internal or ocean-driven instability. The overall WISSARD project will test the overarching hypothesis that active water drainage connects various subglacial environments and exerts major control on ice sheet flow, geochemistry, metabolic and phylogenetic diversity, and biogeochemical transformations.\nSocietal Relevance: Global warming, melting of ice sheets and consequential sea-level rise are of high societal relevance. Science Resource Development: After a 9-year hiatus WISSARD will provide the US-science community with a renewed capability to access and study sub-ice sheet environments. Developing this technological infrastructure will benefit the broader science community and assets will be accessible for future use through the NSF-OPP drilling contractor. The RAGES project represents a significant advance in polar technology by incorporating the use of complex new instrumentation like the Sub-Ice ROVer and subglacial ocean/lake mooring systems. Furthermore, these projects will pioneer an approach implementing recommendations from the National Research Council committee on Principles of Environmental Stewardship for the Exploration and Study of Subglacial Environments (2007). Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating them in our research programs; ii) introducing new investigators to the polar sciences by incorporating promising young investigators in our programs, iii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by incorporating various teachers and NSTA programs, and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as popular science magazines, museum based activities and videography and documentary films. In summary, WISSARD will promote scientific exploration of Antarctica by conveying to the public the excitement of accessing and studying what may be some of the last unexplored aquatic environments on Earth, and which represent a potential analogue for extraterrestrial life habitats on Europa and Mars.", "east": -163.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-163.6 -84.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Oceans; Southern Ocean; WISSARD", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -84.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Powell, Ross", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000105", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.5, "title": "Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability and Subglacial Life Habitats - Robotic Access to Grounding-zones for Exploration and Science (RAGES)", "uid": "600155", "west": -163.7}, {"awards": "1043217 Zagorodnov, Victor; 1043154 Tyler, Scott; 1043395 Holland, David", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(167.5333 -77.76667)"], "date_created": "Tue, 05 May 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Fiber-optic equipped moorings for Raman backscatter Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) were installed at Windless Bight, Antarctica in November 2011. Continuous-in-space measurements of temperature were recorded every meter along the mooring.", "east": 167.5333, "geometry": ["POINT(167.5333 -77.76667)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Ice Shelf; McMurdo Sound; Mooring; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Ross Ice Shelf; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Ice Shelf; McMurdo Sound; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -77.76667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Holland, David; Tyler, Scott W.; Zagorodnov, Victor", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Application of Distributed Temperature Sensors (DTS) for Antarctic Ice Shelves and Cavities", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000183", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Application of Distributed Temperature Sensors (DTS) for Antarctic Ice Shelves and Cavities"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.76667, "title": "Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing at Windless Bight", "uid": "609604", "west": 167.5333}, {"awards": "0944659 Kiene, Ronald", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-160 -68,-159 -68,-158 -68,-157 -68,-156 -68,-155 -68,-154 -68,-153 -68,-152 -68,-151 -68,-150 -68,-150 -69,-150 -70,-150 -71,-150 -72,-150 -73,-150 -74,-150 -75,-150 -76,-150 -77,-150 -78,-151 -78,-152 -78,-153 -78,-154 -78,-155 -78,-156 -78,-157 -78,-158 -78,-159 -78,-160 -78,-160 -77,-160 -76,-160 -75,-160 -74,-160 -73,-160 -72,-160 -71,-160 -70,-160 -69,-160 -68))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Spectacular blooms of Phaeocystis antarctica in the Ross Sea, Antarctica are the source of some of the world\u0027s highest concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its volatile degradation product, dimethylsulfide (DMS). The flux of DMS from the oceans to the atmosphere in this region and its subsequent gas phase oxidation generates aerosols that have a strong influence on cloud properties and possibly climate. In the oceans, DMS and DMSP are quantitatively significant components of the carbon, sulfur, and energy flows in marine food webs, especially in the Ross Sea. Despite its central role in carbon and sulfur biogeochemistry in the Ross Sea, surprisingly little is known about the physiological functions of DMSP in P. Antarctica. The research will isolate and characterize DMSP lyases from P. antarctica, with the goal of obtaining amino acid and gene sequence information on these important enzymes. The physiological studies will focus on the effects of varying intensities of photosynthetically active radiation, with and without ultraviolet radiation as these are factors that we have found to be important controls on DMSP and DMS dynamics. The research also will examine the effects of prolonged darkness on the dynamics of DMSP and related compounds in P. antarctica, as survival of this species during the dark Antarctic winter and at sub-euphotic depths appears to be an important part of the Phaeocystis? ecology. A unique aspect of this work is the focus on measurements of intracellular MSA, which if detected, would provide strong evidence for in vivo radical scavenging functions for methyl sulfur compounds. The study will advance understanding of what controls DMSP cycling and ultimately DMS emissions from the Ross Sea and also provide information on what makes P. antarctica so successful in this extreme environment. The research will directly benefit and build on several interrelated ocean-atmosphere programs including the International Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program. The PIs will participate in several activities involving K-12 education, High School teacher training, public education and podcasting through the auspices of the Dauphin Island Sea Lab Discovery Hall program and SUNY ESF. Two graduate students will be employed full time, and six undergraduates (2 each summer) will be trained as part of this project.\n", "east": -150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-155 -73)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Oceans; Ross Sea", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -68.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Kiene, Ronald", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Ecophysiology of DMSP and related compounds and their contributions to carbon and sulfur dynamics in Phaeocystis antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000085", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Ecophysiology of DMSP and related compounds and their contributions to carbon and sulfur dynamics in Phaeocystis antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Ecophysiology of DMSP and related compounds and their contributions to carbon and sulfur dynamics in Phaeocystis antarctica", "uid": "600150", "west": -160.0}, {"awards": "1332492 Lohmann, Rainer", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Many persistent organic pollutants (POPs), though banned in the U.S. since the 1970s, remain in the environment and continue to reach hitherto pristine regions such as the Arctic and Antarctic. The overall goals of this RAPID project are to better understand the remobilization of POPs from melting glaciers in the Antarctic, and their transfer into the food-web. Legacy POPs have characteristic chemical signatures that will be used ascertain the origin of POPs in the Antarctic atmosphere and marine food-web. Samples that were collected in 2010 will be analyzed for a wide range of legacy POPs, and their behavior will be contrasted with results for emerging contaminants. The intellectual merit of the proposed research combines (a) the use of chemical signatures to assess whether melting glaciers are releasing legacy POPs back into the Antarctic marine ecosystem, and (b) a better understanding of the food-web dynamics of legacy POPs versus emerging organic pollutants.\n\nThe broader impacts of the proposed research project will include the training of the next generation of scientists through support for a graduate student and a postdoctoral scholar. As well, this work will result in a better understanding of the relationship between pollutants, trophic food web ecology and global climate change in the pristine Antarctic ecosystem.\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Animal Tracking; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Atmosphere; Biota; Chemistry:Fluid; Human Dimensions; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Palmer Station; Pollution; Ross Sea; Sample/Collection Description; Seals; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Weddell Sea; McMurdo Sound; Palmer Station; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Lohmann, Rainer", "project_titles": "RAPID: Origin of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Antarctic Atmosphere, Snow and Marine Food WEB", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000344", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RAPID: Origin of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Antarctic Atmosphere, Snow and Marine Food WEB"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Origin of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Antarctic Atmosphere, Snow and Marine Food Web", "uid": "600138", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1321782 Costa, Daniel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Identifying the basic habitat requirements of Antarctic predators is fundamental to understanding how they will respond to the human-induced challenges of commercial fisheries and climate change. This understanding can only be achieved if the underlying linkages to physical processes are related to animal movements. As part of the international Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) organized by the SCAR Expert Group of Birds and Marine Mammals, this research will collate and synthesize tracking data from crabeater seals, Lobodon carcinophagus, and Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddelli. These data will be combined with all available data from the Southern Ocean that has been collected by researchers from Norway, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia and the USA. These data will be analyzed using a common analytical approach and synthesized into a synoptic view of these two species across the Southern Ocean. The diving and movement patterns will be examined for each species. As well, the total home range and core habitat utilization patterns for each species and region will be determined. This study will develop global habitat maps for each species based on physical and biological attributes of their \u0027hot-spots\u0027 and then overlay all the species specific maps to identify multi-species areas of ecological significance. Broader impacts include support and training for a postdoctoral scholar, the production of a publicly available database and the participation in an international data synthesis effort.\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Animal Tracking; Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Sample/Collection Description; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Costa, Daniel", "project_titles": "Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking data (RAATD): International Crabeater and Weddell Seal Tracking Data Sets", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000346", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking data (RAATD): International Crabeater and Weddell Seal Tracking Data Sets"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking data (RAATD): International Crabeater and Weddell Seal Tracking Data Sets", "uid": "600137", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1043657 Cassano, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -74.5,163.9 -74.5,164.8 -74.5,165.7 -74.5,166.6 -74.5,167.5 -74.5,168.4 -74.5,169.3 -74.5,170.2 -74.5,171.1 -74.5,172 -74.5,172 -74.9,172 -75.3,172 -75.7,172 -76.1,172 -76.5,172 -76.9,172 -77.3,172 -77.7,172 -78.1,172 -78.5,171.1 -78.5,170.2 -78.5,169.3 -78.5,168.4 -78.5,167.5 -78.5,166.6 -78.5,165.7 -78.5,164.8 -78.5,163.9 -78.5,163 -78.5,163 -78.1,163 -77.7,163 -77.3,163 -76.9,163 -76.5,163 -76.1,163 -75.7,163 -75.3,163 -74.9,163 -74.5))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic coastal polynas are, at the same time, sea-ice free sites and \u0027sea-ice factories\u0027. They are open water surface locations where water mass transformation and densification occurs, and where atmospheric exchanges with the deep ocean circulation are established. Various models of the formation and persistence of these productive and diverse ocean ecosystems are hampered by the relative lack of in situ meteorological and physical oceanographic observations, especially during the inhospitable conditions of their formation and activity during the polar night.\n\nCharacterization of the lower atmosphere properties, air-sea surface heat fluxes and corresponding ocean hydrographic profiles of Antarctic polynyas, especially during strong wind events, is sought for a more detailed understanding of the role of polynyas in the production of latent-heat type sea ice and the formation, through sea ice brine rejection, of dense ocean bottom waters.\n\nA key technological innovation in this work continues to be the use of instrumented unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), to enable the persistent and safe observation of the interaction of light and strong katabatic wind fields, and mesocale cyclones in the Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Antarctica) polynya waters during late winter and early summer time frames.\n", "east": 172.0, "geometry": ["POINT(167.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Navigation; Oceans; Southern Ocean; Unmanned Aircraft", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -74.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Cassano, John; Palo, Scott", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000417", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica", "uid": "600125", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "1041022 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-79 -60,-76.4 -60,-73.8 -60,-71.2 -60,-68.6 -60,-66 -60,-63.4 -60,-60.8 -60,-58.2 -60,-55.6 -60,-53 -60,-53 -61,-53 -62,-53 -63,-53 -64,-53 -65,-53 -66,-53 -67,-53 -68,-53 -69,-53 -70,-55.6 -70,-58.2 -70,-60.8 -70,-63.4 -70,-66 -70,-68.6 -70,-71.2 -70,-73.8 -70,-76.4 -70,-79 -70,-79 -69,-79 -68,-79 -67,-79 -66,-79 -65,-79 -64,-79 -63,-79 -62,-79 -61,-79 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The research will investigate the individual and combined effects of rising ocean acidification and sea surface temperatures on shallow-water calcified benthic organisms in western Antarctic Peninsular (WAP) marine communities. The Southern Ocean is predicted to become undersaturated in terms of both aragonite and calcite within 50 and 100 years, respectively, challenging calcification processes. Adding to the problem, antarctic calcified benthic marine organisms are more vulnerable to ocean acidification than temperate and tropical species because they are generally weakly calcified. Many antarctic organisms are essentially stenothermal, and those in the West Antarctic Peninsula are being subjected to rising seawater temperatures. The project employs both single-species and multi-species level approaches to evaluating the impacts of rising ocean acidification and seawater temperature on representative calcified and non-calcified macroalgae, on calcified and non-calcified mesograzers, and on a calcified macro-grazer, all of which are important ecological players in the rich benthic communities. Multi-species analysis will focus on the diverse assemblage of amphipods and mesogastropods that are associated with dominant macroalgae that collectively play a key role in community dynamics along the WAP. The project will support undergraduate research, both through NSF programs, as well as home university-based programs, some designed to enhance the representation of minorities in the sciences. The principal investigators also will support and foster graduate education through mentoring of graduate students. Through their highly successful UAB IN ANTARCTICA interactive web program, they will continue to involve large numbers of teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large in their scientific endeavors in Antarctica.", "east": -53.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-66 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "McClintock, James; Amsler, Charles; Angus, Robert", "project_titles": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000426", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica", "uid": "600122", "west": -79.0}, {"awards": "1043454 Kooyman, Gerald", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-172.642 -72.55,-170.9074 -72.55,-169.1728 -72.55,-167.4382 -72.55,-165.7036 -72.55,-163.969 -72.55,-162.2344 -72.55,-160.4998 -72.55,-158.7652 -72.55,-157.0306 -72.55,-155.296 -72.55,-155.296 -73.0743,-155.296 -73.5986,-155.296 -74.1229,-155.296 -74.6472,-155.296 -75.1715,-155.296 -75.6958,-155.296 -76.2201,-155.296 -76.7444,-155.296 -77.2687,-155.296 -77.793,-157.0306 -77.793,-158.7652 -77.793,-160.4998 -77.793,-162.2344 -77.793,-163.969 -77.793,-165.7036 -77.793,-167.4382 -77.793,-169.1728 -77.793,-170.9074 -77.793,-172.642 -77.793,-172.642 -77.2687,-172.642 -76.7444,-172.642 -76.2201,-172.642 -75.6958,-172.642 -75.1715,-172.642 -74.6472,-172.642 -74.1229,-172.642 -73.5986,-172.642 -73.0743,-172.642 -72.55))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The emperor penguin dives deeper and longer, fasts longer, and endures the harshest weather conditions of all diving birds. It spends about four and half months per annum deep in Antarctic pack ice away from shore and stations, and thus is largely unavailable for study. This time includes preparation for the molt, and travel to the colony to breed, a time period in which great swings in body weight occur. This study will fill an important gap in what we know about the biology of the annual cycle of the emperor by examining the molt-post molt period. The P.I. proposes to traverse the Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas on the Oden, to locate and tag emperor penguins during the molt season. The objectives are to (1) Place satellite tags on 20 adult post molt birds to determine their route, rate of travel, and diving behavior as they return back to their breeding colonies, (2) Obtain an index of body condition, (3) Collect guano to determine the type of food consumed by emperor penguins in the region, (4) Conduct shipboard surveys to sight and plot the location and abundance of adult and juvenile birds on the ship\u0027s track. The PI hypothesizes that bird dives will be shallow during the initial post-molt phase, and that food will consist primarily of krill; that there will be differential dispersal of birds from the Ross Sea vs. Marie Byrd Land, with Ross Sea birds traveling farther; and that the greatest adult mortality occurs during the molt and early post molt period. Broader impacts include training of a post doc, a graduate student, and an aquarium volunteer. The P.I. also will present findings through a website, through public lectures, and in collaboration with the Birch aquarium.\n", "east": -155.296, "geometry": ["POINT(-163.969 -75.1715)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Biota; Oceans; Penguin; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -72.55, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Kooyman, Gerald", "project_titles": "Pre and post molt biology of emperor penguins - Oden trans - Ross / Amundsen Sea cruise", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000325", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Pre and post molt biology of emperor penguins - Oden trans - Ross / Amundsen Sea cruise"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.793, "title": "Pre and Post Molt Biology of Emperor Penguins - Oden Trans - Ross / Amundsen Sea Cruise", "uid": "600149", "west": -172.642}, {"awards": "0838937 Costa, Daniel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal\u0027s diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts.\n", "east": 169.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Costa, Daniel", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000661", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "uid": "600025", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "0838996 Hollibaugh, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-79 -63,-77.5 -63,-76 -63,-74.5 -63,-73 -63,-71.5 -63,-70 -63,-68.5 -63,-67 -63,-65.5 -63,-64 -63,-64 -63.8,-64 -64.6,-64 -65.4,-64 -66.2,-64 -67,-64 -67.8,-64 -68.6,-64 -69.4,-64 -70.2,-64 -71,-65.5 -71,-67 -71,-68.5 -71,-70 -71,-71.5 -71,-73 -71,-74.5 -71,-76 -71,-77.5 -71,-79 -71,-79 -70.2,-79 -69.4,-79 -68.6,-79 -67.8,-79 -67,-79 -66.2,-79 -65.4,-79 -64.6,-79 -63.8,-79 -63))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ammonia oxidation is the first step in the conversion of regenerated nitrogen to dinitrogen gas, a 3-step pathway mediated by 3 distinct guilds of bacteria and archaea. Ammonia oxidation and the overall process of nitrification-denitrification have received relatively little attention in polar oceans where the effects of climate change on biogeochemical rates are likely to be pronounced. Previous work on Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea (AOA) in the Palmer LTER study area West of the Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), has suggested strong vertical segregation of crenarchaeote metabolism, with the \u0027winter water\u0027 (WW, ~50-100 m depth range) dominated by non-AOA crenarchaeotes, while Crenarchaeota populations in the \u0027circumpolar deep water\u0027 (CDW), which lies immediately below the winter water (150-3500 m), are dominated by AOA. Analysis of a limited number of samples from the Arctic Ocean did not reveal a comparable vertical segregation of AOA, and suggested that AOA and Crenarchaeota abundance is much lower there than in the Antarctic. These findings led to 3 hypotheses that will be tested in this project: 1) the apparent low abundance of Crenarchaeota and AOA in Arctic Ocean samples may be due to spatial or temporal variability in populations; 2) the WW population of Crenarchaeota in the WAP is dominated by a heterotroph; 3) the WW population of Crenarchaeota in the WAP \u0027grows in\u0027 during spring and summer after this water mass forms.\n\nThe study will contribute substantially to understanding an important aspect of the nitrogen cycle in the Palmer LTER (Long Term Ecological Research) study area by providing insights into the ecology and physiology of AOA. The natural segregation of crenarchaeote phenotypes in waters of the WAP, coupled with metagenomic studies in progress in the same area by others (A. Murray, H. Ducklow), offers the possibility of major breakthroughs in understanding of the metabolic capabilities of these organisms. This knowledge is needed to model how water column nitrification will respond to changes in polar ecosystems accompanying global climate change. The Principal Investigator will participate fully in the education and outreach efforts of the Palmer LTER, including making highlights of our findings available for posting to their project web site and participating in outreach (for example, Schoolyard LTER). The research also will involve undergraduates (including the field work if possible) and will support high school interns in the P.I.\u0027s laboratory over the summer.\n", "east": -64.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-71.5 -67)"], "keywords": "Biota; Chemistry:Fluid; LMG1006; LMG1101; LTER Palmer Station; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Hollibaugh, James T.", "project_titles": "Ammonia Oxidation Versus Heterotrophy in Crenarchaeota Populations from Marine Environments West of the Antarctic Peninsula", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000359", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ammonia Oxidation Versus Heterotrophy in Crenarchaeota Populations from Marine Environments West of the Antarctic Peninsula"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -71.0, "title": "Ammonia Oxidation Versus Heterotrophy in Crenarchaeota Populations from Marine Environments West of the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "600105", "west": -79.0}, {"awards": "0944201 Hofmann, Gretchen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-160 -68,-159 -68,-158 -68,-157 -68,-156 -68,-155 -68,-154 -68,-153 -68,-152 -68,-151 -68,-150 -68,-150 -69,-150 -70,-150 -71,-150 -72,-150 -73,-150 -74,-150 -75,-150 -76,-150 -77,-150 -78,-151 -78,-152 -78,-153 -78,-154 -78,-155 -78,-156 -78,-157 -78,-158 -78,-159 -78,-160 -78,-160 -77,-160 -76,-160 -75,-160 -74,-160 -73,-160 -72,-160 -71,-160 -70,-160 -69,-160 -68))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This research examines the effects of ocean acidification on embryos and larvae of a contemporary calcifier in the coastal waters of Antarctica, the sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri. The effect of future ocean acidification is projected to be particularly threatening to calcifying marine organisms in coldwater, high latitude seas, making tolerance data on these organisms a critical research need in Antarctic marine ecosystems. Due to a high magnesium (Mg) content of their calcitic hard parts, echinoderms are especially vulnerable to dissolution stress from ocean acidification because they currently inhabit seawater that is barely at the saturation level to support biogenic calcification. Thus, cold-water, high latitude species with a high Mg-content in their hard parts are considered to be the \u0027first responders\u0027 to chemical changes in the surface oceans. Studies in this proposal will use several metrics to examine the physiological plasticity of contemporary urchin embryos and larvae to CO2-acidified seawater, to mimic the scenarios defined by IPCC models and by analyses of future acidification predicted for the Southern Ocean. The research also will investigats the biological consequences of synergistic interactions of two converging climate change-related stressors - CO2- driven ocean acidification and ocean warming. Specifically the research will (1) assess the effect of CO2-acidified seawater on the development of early embryos and larvae, (2) using morphometrics, examine changes in the larval endoskeleton in response to development under the high-CO2 conditions of ocean acidification, (3) using a DNA microarray, profile changes in gene expression for genes involved in biomineralization and other important physiological processes, and (4) measure costs and physiological consequences of development under conditions of ocean acidification. The proposal will support the training of undergraduates, graduate students and a postdoctoral fellow. The PI also will collaborate with the UC Santa Barbara Gevirtz Graduate School of Education to link the biological effects of ocean acidification to the chemical changes expected for the Southern Ocean using the \u0027Science on a Sphere\u0027 technology. This display will be housed in an education and public outreach center, the Outreach Center for Teaching Ocean Science (OCTOS), a new state-of-the-art facility under construction at UC Santa Barbara.\n", "east": -150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-155 -73)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -68.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Hofmann, Gretchen", "project_titles": "Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000352", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri", "uid": "600112", "west": -160.0}, {"awards": "1019305 Grim, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Survival of Antarctic notothenioid fishes in the context of global climate change will depend upon the impact of rising oceanic temperatures on their embryonic development, yet little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this complex suite of processes. Many notothenioids are characterized by secondary pelagicism, which enables them to exploit food sources in the water column and is supported in part by skeletal pedomorphism. Here the PI proposes to examine the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate notothenioid skeletal pedomorphism. The research objectives are : 1) To quantify and localize ROS production and identify the point(s) of origin of ROS production in embryonic Antarctic fishes that differ in skeletal phenotypes 2) To determine whether the time course of embryogenesis and the extent of osteological development in embryonic Antarctic fishes can be altered by changing the oxidative status of the animal during embryogenesis 3) To evaluate whether transgenic alteration of oxidative status can induce skeletal pedomorphism in a fish model. Broader Impacts will include teaching undergraduate lectures, recruiting undergraduate students to help with lab analyses (and possibly field work), lectures and demonstrations to high school students, and allowing secondary educators access to personal photos and videos of research animals for curriculum development.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Biota; Fish Logs; LMG1203; LMG1204; LMG1205; Oceans; Pot; Southern Ocean; Trawl", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Grim, Jeffrey", "project_titles": "PostDoctoral Research Fellowship", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000482", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "PostDoctoral Research Fellowship"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Impact of Rising Oceanic Temperatures on the Embryonic Development of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "uid": "600119", "west": null}, {"awards": "0732983 Vernet, Maria", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-66 -62,-65.3 -62,-64.6 -62,-63.9 -62,-63.2 -62,-62.5 -62,-61.8 -62,-61.1 -62,-60.4 -62,-59.7 -62,-59 -62,-59 -62.8,-59 -63.6,-59 -64.4,-59 -65.2,-59 -66,-59 -66.8,-59 -67.6,-59 -68.4,-59 -69.2,-59 -70,-59.7 -70,-60.4 -70,-61.1 -70,-61.8 -70,-62.5 -70,-63.2 -70,-63.9 -70,-64.6 -70,-65.3 -70,-66 -70,-66 -69.2,-66 -68.4,-66 -67.6,-66 -66.8,-66 -66,-66 -65.2,-66 -64.4,-66 -63.6,-66 -62.8,-66 -62))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine Ecosystems. A profound transformation in ecosystem structure and function is occurring in coastal waters of the western Weddell Sea, with the collapse of the Larsen B ice shelf. This transformation appears to be yielding a redistribution of energy flow between chemoautotrophic and photosynthetic production, and to be causing the rapid demise of the extraordinary seep ecosystem discovered beneath the ice shelf. This event provides an ideal opportunity to examine fundamental aspects of ecosystem transition associated with climate change. We propose to test the following hypotheses to elucidate the transformations occurring in marine ecosystems as a consequence of the Larsen B collapse: (1) The biogeographic isolation and sub-ice shelf setting of the Larsen B seep has led to novel habitat characteristics, chemoautotrophically dependent taxa and functional adaptations. (2) Benthic communities beneath the former Larsen B ice shelf are fundamentally different from assemblages at similar depths in the Weddell sea-ice zone, and resemble oligotrophic deep-sea communities. Larsen B assemblages are undergoing rapid change. (3) The previously dark, oligotrophic waters of the Larsen B embayment now support a thriving phototrophic community, with production rates and phytoplankton composition similar to other productive areas of the Weddell Sea. To document rapid changes occurring in the Larsen B ecosystem, we will use a remotely operated vehicle, shipboard samplers, and moored sediment traps. We will characterize microbial, macrofaunal and megafaunal components of the seep community; evaluate patterns of surface productivity, export flux, and benthic faunal composition in areas previously covered by the ice shelf, and compare these areas to the open sea-ice zone. These changes will be placed within the geological, glaciological and climatological context that led to ice-shelf retreat, through companion research projects funded in concert with this effort. Together these projects will help predict the likely consequences of ice-shelf collapse to marine ecosystems in other regions of Antarctica vulnerable to climate change. The research features international collaborators from Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. The broader impacts include participation of a science writer; broadcast of science segments by members of the Jim Lehrer News Hour (Public Broadcasting System); material for summer courses in environmental change; mentoring of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows; and showcasing scientific activities and findings to students and public through podcasts.\n", "east": -59.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.5 -66)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Araon1304; Biota; LARISSA; Larsen B Ice Shelf; NBP1001; NBP1203; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Weddell Sea; Larsen B Ice Shelf; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Vernet, Maria", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -70.0, "title": "Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System (LARISSA) - Marine Ecosystems", "uid": "600073", "west": -66.0}, {"awards": "0732804 McPhee, Miles", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.25 -77.42)"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Integrated and System Science Program has made this award to support an interdisciplinary study of the effects of the ocean on the stability of glacial ice in the most dynamic region the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, namely the Pine Island Glacier in the Amundsen Sea Embayment. The collaborative project builds on the knowledge gained by the highly successful West Antarctic Ice Sheet program and is being jointly sponsored with NASA. Recent observations indicate a significant ice loss, equivalent to 10% of the ongoing increase in sea-level rise, in this region. These changes are largest along the coast and propagate rapidly inland, indicating the critical impact of the ocean on ice sheet stability in the region. While a broad range of remote sensing and ground-based instrumentation is available to characterize changes of the ice surface and internal structure (deformation, ice motion, melt) and the shape of the underlying sediment and rock bed, instrumentation has yet to be successfully deployed for observing boundary layer processes of the ocean cavity which underlies the floating ice shelf and where rapid melting is apparently occurring. Innovative, mini ocean sensors that can be lowered through boreholes in the ice shelf (about 500 m thick) will be developed and deployed to automatically provide ocean profiling information over at least three years. Their data will be transmitted through a conducting cable frozen in the borehole to the surface where it will be further transmitted via satellite to a laboratory in the US. Geophysical and remote sensing methods (seismic, GPS, altimetry, stereo imaging, radar profiling) will be applied to map the geometry of the ice shelf, the shape of the sub ice-shelf cavity, the ice surface geometry and deformations within the glacial ice. To integrate the seismic, glaciological and oceanographic observations, a new 3-dimensional coupled ice-ocean model is being developed which will be the first of its kind. NASA is supporting satellite based research and the deployment of a robotic-camera system to explore the environment in the ocean cavity underlying the ice shelf and NSF is supporting all other aspects of this study. \n\nBroader impacts: This project is motivated by the potential societal impacts of rapid sea level rise and should result in critically needed improvements in characterizing and predicting the behavior of coupled ocean-ice systems. It is a contribution to the International Polar Year and was endorsed by the International Council for Science as a component of the \u0027Multidisciplinary Study of the Amundsen Sea Embayment\u0027 proposal #258 of the honeycomb of endorsed IPY activities. The research involves substantial international partnerships with the British Antarctic Survey and the University of Bristol in the UK. The investigators will partner with the previously funded \u0027Polar Palooza\u0027 education and outreach program in addition to undertaking a diverse set of outreach activities of their own. Eight graduate students and one undergraduate as well as one post doc will be integrated into this research project.\n", "east": 166.25, "geometry": ["POINT(166.25 -77.42)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; McMurdo; Meteorology; Oceans; Ross Island; Southern Ocean", "locations": "McMurdo; Ross Island; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -77.42, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "McPhee, Miles G.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research; IPY: Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000043", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research; IPY: Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.42, "title": "Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea Sector of West Antarctica", "uid": "600072", "west": 166.25}, {"awards": "1043690 Scherer, Reed", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Intellectual Merit: Diatom abundance in sediment cores is typically used as a proxy for paleo primary productivity. This record is complicated by variable preservation, with most loss occurring in the water column via dissolution and zooplankton grazing. This study will investigate preservational biases via a series of controlled experiments to create proxies of original productivity based on morphological changes associated with diatom dissolution and fracture. The PIs will utilize fresh diatoms from culture. Specific objectives include: (1) Linking changes in diatom morphology to availability of dissolved silica and other physical and chemical parameters; (2) Documenting the dissolution process under controlled conditions; (3) Assessment of changes in morphology and diatom surface roughness with increased dissolution; (4) Documenting the physical effects of grazing and fecal pellet formation on diatom fragmentation and dissolution; and (5) Analyzing the impact of diatom dissolution on silica and carbon export. These objectives will be achieved by growing Southern Ocean diatom species in the laboratory under differing physical and chemical conditions; controlled serial dissolution experiments on cultured diatoms; analysis of the dissolution process by imaging frustules under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and with micro-analysis of surface texture by atomic force microscopy (AFM); making the cultures available to krill and other live zooplankton crustaceans in order to analyze the specific effects of grazing and pelletization on diatom morphology; and comparing experimental results with natural plankton, sediment trap material, and selected Holocene, Pleistocene and Pliocene sediment core material.\nBroader impacts: This work will contribute to understanding of the use of diatom abundance as an indicator of paleoproductivity. The proposed experiments are multi-disciplinary in nature. Importantly, the project was designed, and the proposal largely written, by a Ph.D. candidate. The research proposed here will lead to peer-reviewed publications and provide a base for future studies over the course of an extremely promising scientific career. The project will also support an undergraduate research student at NIU. The PI is heavily involved in science outreach, including classroom visits, museum events and webinars related to evolution and climate change, and is active with NSF-funded outreach activities linked to the ANDRILL and WISSARD programs. He will continue these efforts with this project.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Diatom; Marine Sediments; Oceans; Sediment Core; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Haji-Sheikh, Michael; Scherer, Reed Paul", "project_titles": "Southern Ocean Diatom Taphonomy and Paleoproductivity: A Laboratory Study of Silica Degradation and Export", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000360", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Southern Ocean Diatom Taphonomy and Paleoproductivity: A Laboratory Study of Silica Degradation and Export"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Southern Ocean Diatom Taphonomy and Paleoproductivity: A Laboratory Study of Silica Degradation and Export", "uid": "600127", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0944686 Kieber, David", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-160 -68,-159 -68,-158 -68,-157 -68,-156 -68,-155 -68,-154 -68,-153 -68,-152 -68,-151 -68,-150 -68,-150 -69,-150 -70,-150 -71,-150 -72,-150 -73,-150 -74,-150 -75,-150 -76,-150 -77,-150 -78,-151 -78,-152 -78,-153 -78,-154 -78,-155 -78,-156 -78,-157 -78,-158 -78,-159 -78,-160 -78,-160 -77,-160 -76,-160 -75,-160 -74,-160 -73,-160 -72,-160 -71,-160 -70,-160 -69,-160 -68))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Spectacular blooms of Phaeocystis antarctica in the Ross Sea, Antarctica are the source of some of the world\u0027s highest concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its volatile degradation product, dimethylsulfide (DMS). The flux of DMS from the oceans to the atmosphere in this region and its subsequent gas phase oxidation generates aerosols that have a strong influence on cloud properties and possibly climate. In the oceans, DMS and DMSP are quantitatively significant components of the carbon, sulfur, and energy flows in marine food webs, especially in the Ross Sea. Despite its central role in carbon and sulfur biogeochemistry in the Ross Sea, surprisingly little is known about the physiological functions of DMSP in P. antarctica. The research will isolate and characterize DMSP lyases from P. antarctica, with the goal of obtaining amino acid and gene sequence information on these important enzymes. The physiological studies will focus on the effects of varying intensities of photosynthetically active radiation, with and without ultraviolet radiation as these are factors that we have found to be important controls on DMSP and DMS dynamics. The research also will examine the effects of prolonged darkness on the dynamics of DMSP and related compounds in P. antarctica, as survival of this species during the dark Antarctic winter and at sub-euphotic depths appears to be an important part of the Phaeocystis\u0027 ecology. A unique aspect of this work is the focus on measurements of intracellular MSA, which if detected, would provide strong evidence for in vivo radical scavenging functions for methyl sulfur compounds. The study will advance understanding of what controls DMSP cycling and ultimately DMS emissions from the Ross Sea and also provide information on what makes P. antarctica so successful in this extreme environment. The research will directly benefit and build on several interrelated ocean-atmosphere programs including the International Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program. The PIs will participate in several activities involving K-12 education, High School teacher training, public education and podcasting through the auspices of the Dauphin Island Sea Lab Discovery Hall program and SUNY ESF. Two graduate students will be employed full time, and six undergraduates (2 each summer) will be trained as part of this project.\n", "east": -150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-155 -73)"], "keywords": "Biota; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -68.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Kieber, David John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Ecophysiology of DMSP and related compounds and their contributions to carbon and sulfur dynamics in Phaeocystis antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000085", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Ecophysiology of DMSP and related compounds and their contributions to carbon and sulfur dynamics in Phaeocystis antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Ecophysiology of DMSP and related compounds and their contributions to carbon and sulfur dynamics in Phaeocystis antarctica", "uid": "600117", "west": -160.0}, {"awards": "0839053 Ackley, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -67.05,-170.9866 -67.05,-161.9732 -67.05,-152.9598 -67.05,-143.9464 -67.05,-134.933 -67.05,-125.9196 -67.05,-116.9062 -67.05,-107.8928 -67.05,-98.8794 -67.05,-89.866 -67.05,-89.866 -68.1033,-89.866 -69.1566,-89.866 -70.2099,-89.866 -71.2632,-89.866 -72.3165,-89.866 -73.3698,-89.866 -74.4231,-89.866 -75.4764,-89.866 -76.5297,-89.866 -77.583,-98.8794 -77.583,-107.8928 -77.583,-116.9062 -77.583,-125.9196 -77.583,-134.933 -77.583,-143.9464 -77.583,-152.9598 -77.583,-161.9732 -77.583,-170.9866 -77.583,180 -77.583,178.57 -77.583,177.14 -77.583,175.71 -77.583,174.28 -77.583,172.85 -77.583,171.42 -77.583,169.99 -77.583,168.56 -77.583,167.13 -77.583,165.7 -77.583,165.7 -76.5297,165.7 -75.4764,165.7 -74.4231,165.7 -73.3698,165.7 -72.3165,165.7 -71.2632,165.7 -70.2099,165.7 -69.1566,165.7 -68.1033,165.7 -67.05,167.13 -67.05,168.56 -67.05,169.99 -67.05,171.42 -67.05,172.85 -67.05,174.28 -67.05,175.71 -67.05,177.14 -67.05,178.57 -67.05,-180 -67.05))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Several aspect of the seasonal melting and reformation cycle of Antarctic sea ice appear to be divergent from those occurring in the Arctic. This is most clearly demonstrated by the dramatic diminishing extent and thinning of the Arctic sea ice, to be contrasted to the changes in Antarctic sea-ice extent, which recently (decadaly) shows small increases. Current climate models do not resolve this discrepancy which likely results from both a lack of relevant observational sea-ice data in the Antarctic, along with inadequacies in the physical parameterization of sea-ice properties in climate models. Researchers will take advantage of the cruise track of the I/B Oden during transit through the Antarctic sea-ice zones in the region of the Bellingshausen, Amundsen and Ross (BAR) seas on a cruise to McMurdo Station. Because of its remoteness and inaccessibility, the BAR region is of considerable scientific interest as being one of the last under described and perhaps unexploited marine ecosystems left on the planet. A series of on station and underway observations of sea ice properties will be undertaken, thematically linked to broader questions of summer ice survival and baseline physical properties (e.g. estimates of heat and salt fluxes). In situ spatiotemporal variability of sea-ice cover extent, thickness and snow cover depths will be observed.\n", "east": 165.7, "geometry": ["POINT(-142.083 -72.3165)"], "keywords": "Ice Core Records; Oceans; Oden; OSO1011; Sea Ice; Sea Ice Salinity; Sea Ice Thickness; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -67.05, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Ackley, Stephen", "project_titles": "The Sea Ice System in Antarctic Summer, Oden Southern Ocean Expedition (OSO 2010-11)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000676", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The Sea Ice System in Antarctic Summer, Oden Southern Ocean Expedition (OSO 2010-11)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.583, "title": "The Sea Ice System in Antarctic Summer, Oden Southern Ocean Expedition (OSO 2010-11)", "uid": "600106", "west": -89.866}, {"awards": "0838955 Gast, Rebecca", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((71.504166 -76.159164,71.5142214 -76.159164,71.5242768 -76.159164,71.5343322 -76.159164,71.5443876 -76.159164,71.554443 -76.159164,71.5644984 -76.159164,71.5745538 -76.159164,71.5846092 -76.159164,71.5946646 -76.159164,71.60472 -76.159164,71.60472 -76.2018032,71.60472 -76.2444424,71.60472 -76.2870816,71.60472 -76.3297208,71.60472 -76.37236,71.60472 -76.4149992,71.60472 -76.4576384,71.60472 -76.5002776,71.60472 -76.5429168,71.60472 -76.585556,71.5946646 -76.585556,71.5846092 -76.585556,71.5745538 -76.585556,71.5644984 -76.585556,71.554443 -76.585556,71.5443876 -76.585556,71.5343322 -76.585556,71.5242768 -76.585556,71.5142214 -76.585556,71.504166 -76.585556,71.504166 -76.5429168,71.504166 -76.5002776,71.504166 -76.4576384,71.504166 -76.4149992,71.504166 -76.37236,71.504166 -76.3297208,71.504166 -76.2870816,71.504166 -76.2444424,71.504166 -76.2018032,71.504166 -76.159164))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).\n\nMost organisms meet their carbon and energy needs using photosynthesis (phototrophy) or ingestion/assimilation of organic substances (heterotrophy). However, a nutritional strategy that combines phototrophy and heterotrophy - mixotrophy - is geographically and taxonomically widespread in aquatic systems. While the presence of mixotrophs in the Southern Ocean is known only recently, preliminary evidence indicates a significant role in Southern Ocean food webs. Recent work on Southern Ocean dinoflagellate, Kleptodinium, suggests that it sequesters functional chloroplasts of the bloom-forming haptophyte, Phaeocystis antarctica. This dinoflagellate is abundant in the Ross Sea, has been reported elsewhere in the Southern Ocean, and may have a circumpolar distribution. By combining nutritional modes. mixotrophy may offer competitive advantages over pure autotrophs and heterotrophs.\n\nThe goals of this project are to understand the importance of alternative nutritional strategies for Antarctic species that combine phototrophic and phagotrophic processes in the same organism. The research will combine field investigations of plankton and ice communities in the Southern Ocean with laboratory experiments on Kleptodinium and recently identified mixotrophs from our Antarctic culture collections. The research will address: 1) the relative contributions of phototrophy and phagotrophy in Antarctic mixotrophs; 2) the nature of the relationship between Kleptodinium and its kleptoplastids; 3) the distributions and abundances of mixotrophs and Kleptodinium in the Southern Ocean during austral spring/summer; and 4) the impacts of mixotrophs and Kleptodinium on prey populations, the factors influencing these behaviors and the physiological conditions of these groups in their natural environment. \n\nThe project will contribute to the maintenance of a culture collection of heterotrophic, phototrophic and mixotrophic Antarctic protists that are available to the scientific community, and it will train graduate and undergraduate students at Temple University. Research findings and activities will be summarized for non-scientific audiences through the PIs\u0027 websites and through other public forums, and will involve middle school teachers via collaboration with COSEE-New England.\n", "east": 71.60472, "geometry": ["POINT(71.554443 -76.37236)"], "keywords": "Biota; Microbiology; NBP0305; NBP0405; NBP0508; NBP1101; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -76.159164, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Gast, Rebecca", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Alternative Nutritional Strategies in Antarctic Protists", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000490", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Alternative Nutritional Strategies in Antarctic Protists"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.585556, "title": "Alternative Nutritional Strategies in Antarctic Protists", "uid": "600103", "west": 71.504166}, {"awards": "0838892 Burns, Jennifer", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal\u0027s diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts.", "east": 169.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Burns, Jennifer", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000661", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "uid": "600101", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "0838830 Cottrell, Matthew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.079666 -64.77966,-64.0757659 -64.77966,-64.0718658 -64.77966,-64.0679657 -64.77966,-64.0640656 -64.77966,-64.0601655 -64.77966,-64.0562654 -64.77966,-64.0523653 -64.77966,-64.0484652 -64.77966,-64.0445651 -64.77966,-64.040665 -64.77966,-64.040665 -64.783261,-64.040665 -64.786862,-64.040665 -64.790463,-64.040665 -64.794064,-64.040665 -64.797665,-64.040665 -64.801266,-64.040665 -64.804867,-64.040665 -64.808468,-64.040665 -64.812069,-64.040665 -64.81567,-64.0445651 -64.81567,-64.0484652 -64.81567,-64.0523653 -64.81567,-64.0562654 -64.81567,-64.0601655 -64.81567,-64.0640656 -64.81567,-64.0679657 -64.81567,-64.0718658 -64.81567,-64.0757659 -64.81567,-64.079666 -64.81567,-64.079666 -64.812069,-64.079666 -64.808468,-64.079666 -64.804867,-64.079666 -64.801266,-64.079666 -64.797665,-64.079666 -64.794064,-64.079666 -64.790463,-64.079666 -64.786862,-64.079666 -64.783261,-64.079666 -64.77966))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Light quality and availability are likely to change in polar ecosystems as ice coverage and thickness decrease. How microbes adjust to these and other changes will have huge impacts on the polar marine ecosystems. Little is known about photoheterotrophic prokaryotes, which are hypothesized to gain a metabolic advantage by harvesting light energy in addition to utilizing dissolved organic matter (DOM). Photoheterotrophy is not included in current models of carbon cycling and energy flow. This research will examine three questions: 1. Are photoheterotrophic microbes present and active in Antarctic waters in winter and summer? 2. Does community structure of photoheterotrophs shift between summer and winter? 3. Which microbial groups assimilate more DOM in light than in the dark? The research will test hypotheses about activity of photoheterotrophs in winter and in summer, shifts in community structure between light and dark seasons and the potentially unique impacts of photoheterotrophs on biogeochemical processes in the Antarctic. The project will directly support a graduate student, will positively impact the NSF REU program at the College of Marine and Earth Studies, and will include students from the nation\u0027s oldest historical minority college. The results will be featured during weekly tours of Lewes facilities (about 1000 visitors per year) and during Coast Day, an annual open-house that attracts about 10,000 visitors.", "east": -64.040665, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.0601655 -64.797665)"], "keywords": "Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; LTER Palmer Station; Microbiology; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.77966, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Cottrell, Matthew; Kirchman, David", "project_titles": "Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the West Antarctic Peninsula Marine Ecosystem", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000473", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the West Antarctic Peninsula Marine Ecosystem"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.81567, "title": "Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the West Antarctic Peninsula Marine Ecosystem", "uid": "600097", "west": -64.079666}, {"awards": "0741301 O\u0027Brien, Kristin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.45 -63.29,-64.249 -63.29,-64.048 -63.29,-63.847 -63.29,-63.646 -63.29,-63.445 -63.29,-63.244 -63.29,-63.043 -63.29,-62.842 -63.29,-62.641 -63.29,-62.44 -63.29,-62.44 -63.371,-62.44 -63.452,-62.44 -63.533,-62.44 -63.614,-62.44 -63.695,-62.44 -63.776,-62.44 -63.857,-62.44 -63.938,-62.44 -64.019,-62.44 -64.1,-62.641 -64.1,-62.842 -64.1,-63.043 -64.1,-63.244 -64.1,-63.445 -64.1,-63.646 -64.1,-63.847 -64.1,-64.048 -64.1,-64.249 -64.1,-64.45 -64.1,-64.45 -64.019,-64.45 -63.938,-64.45 -63.857,-64.45 -63.776,-64.45 -63.695,-64.45 -63.614,-64.45 -63.533,-64.45 -63.452,-64.45 -63.371,-64.45 -63.29))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic notothenioid fishes have evolved in the Southern Ocean for 10-14 MY under an unusual set of circumstances. Their characteristics include the complete absence of the circulating oxygen-binding protein, hemoglobin (Hb) within the Channichthyid (Icefish) family of notothenioids. Moreover, some species within the 16 members of this family have also lost the ability to express the oxygen-binding and storage protein, myoglobin (Mb) in cardiac muscle. Our previous work has determined that the loss of Hb and/or Mb is correlated with significant increases in densities of mitochondria within oxidative tissues, and extensive remodeling of these vital organelles. To date, nothing is known about how modifications in mitochondrial architecture of icefishes affect organelle function, or more importantly, how they affect organismal-level physiology. Most critical for Antarctic fishes is that mitochondrial characteristics have been linked to how well ectotherms can withstand increases in temperature. \nThis collaborative research project will address the hypothesis that the unusual mitochondrial architecture of Antarctic Channichthyids has led to changes in function that impact their ability to withstand elevations in temperature. Specifically, the research will (1) determine if the unusual mitochondrial architecture of icefishes affects function and contributes to organismal thermal sensitivity, (2) identify differences in organismal thermal tolerance between red- and white- blooded notothenioids, (3) identify molecular mechanisms regulating changes in mitochondrial structure in icefishes. The results may establish channichthyid icefishes as a sentinel taxon for signaling the impact of global warming on the Southern Ocean. Broad impacts of this project will be realized by participation of high school biology teachers in field work through cooperation with the ARMADA project at the University of Rhode Island, as well as graduate education.\n", "east": -62.44, "geometry": ["POINT(-63.445 -63.695)"], "keywords": "Biota; Oceans; Pot; Southern Ocean; Trawl", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -63.29, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "O\u0027Brien, Kristin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Linkages among Mitochondrial Form, Function and Thermal Tolerance of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000483", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Linkages among Mitochondrial Form, Function and Thermal Tolerance of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.1, "title": "Linkages among Mitochondrial Form, Function and Thermal Tolerance of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "uid": "600084", "west": -64.45}, {"awards": "0739783 Junge, Karen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The mechanisms enabling bacteria to be metabolically active at very low temperatures are of considerable importance to polar microbial ecology, astrobiology, climate and cryopreservation. This research program has two main objectives. The first is to investigate metabolic activities and gene expression of polar marine psychrophilic bacteria when confronted with freezing conditions at temperatures above the eutectic of seawater (\u003c54C) to unveil cold adaptation mechanisms with relevance to wintertime sea-ice ecology. The second objective is to discern if psychrophilic processes of leucine incorporation into proteins, shown to occur to -196C, amount to metabolic activity providing for the survival of cells or are merely biochemical reactions still possible in flash-frozen samples without any effect on survival. We will examine extracellular and intracellular processes of psychrophilic activity above and below the eutectic by (i) determining the temperature range of metabolic activities such as DNA synthesis, carbon utilization, respiration and ATP generation using radioactive tracer technology, including a control at liquid helium temperature (-268.9C), (ii) analyzing gene expression in ice using whole genome and microarray analyses and iii) examining the role of exopolymeric substances (EPS) and ice micro-physics for the observed activity using an in-situ microscopy technique. Results of the proposed research can be expected to aid in the determination of cellular and genetic strategies that allow cells to maintain activity at extremely low temperatures within an icy matrix and/or to resume activity again when more growth-permissive conditions are encountered. The research is an interdisciplinary collaboration involving three different institutions with participants in Oceanography, Genomics, and Geophysical Sciences. The proposed activity will support the beginning professional career of a female researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Microbiology; Oceans; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Junge, Karen", "project_titles": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000673", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice", "uid": "600083", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1019838 Wendt, Dean", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic Peninsula is among the most rapidly warming regions on earth. Increased heat from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current has elevated the temperature of the 300 m of shelf water below the permanent pycnocline by 0.7 degrees C. This trend has displaced the once dominant cold, dry continental Antarctic climate, and is causing multi-level responses in the marine ecosystem. One striking example of the ecosystem response to warming has been the local declines in ice-dependent Ad\u00e9lie penguins. The changes in these apex predators are thought to be driven by alterations in phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition, and the foraging limitations and diet differences between these species. One of the most elusive questions facing researchers interested in the foraging ecology of the Ad\u00e9lie penguin, namely, what are the biophysical properties that characterize the three dimensional foraging space of this top predator? The research will combine the real-time site and diving information from the Ad\u00e9lie penguin satellite tags with the full characterization of the oceanography and the penguins prey field using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). While some of these changes have been documented over large spatial scales of the WAP, it is now thought that the causal mechanisms that favor of one life history strategy over another may actually operate over much smaller scales than previously thought, specifically on the scale of local breeding sites and over-wintering areas. Characterization of prey fields on these local scales has yet to be done and one that the AUV is ideally suited. The results will have a direct tie to the climate induced changes that are occurring in the West Antarctic Peninsula. This study will also highlight a new approach to linking an autonomous platform to bird behavior that could be expanded to include the other two species of penguins and examine the seasonal differences in their foraging behavior and prey selection. From a vehicle perspective, this effort will inform the AUV user community of new sensor suites and/or data processing approaches that are required to better evaluate foraging habitat. The project also will help transition AUV platforms into routine investigative tools for this region, which is chronically under sampled and will remain difficult to access\n", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Wendt, Dean; Moline, Mark", "project_titles": "Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000662", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle", "uid": "600120", "west": null}, {"awards": "1043779 Mellish, Jo-Ann", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165.83333 -77.51528,165.923331 -77.51528,166.013332 -77.51528,166.103333 -77.51528,166.193334 -77.51528,166.283335 -77.51528,166.373336 -77.51528,166.463337 -77.51528,166.553338 -77.51528,166.643339 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.55153,166.73334 -77.58778,166.73334 -77.62403,166.73334 -77.66028,166.73334 -77.69653,166.73334 -77.73278,166.73334 -77.76903,166.73334 -77.80528,166.73334 -77.84153,166.73334 -77.87778,166.643339 -77.87778,166.553338 -77.87778,166.463337 -77.87778,166.373336 -77.87778,166.283335 -77.87778,166.193334 -77.87778,166.103333 -77.87778,166.013332 -77.87778,165.923331 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.84153,165.83333 -77.80528,165.83333 -77.76903,165.83333 -77.73278,165.83333 -77.69653,165.83333 -77.66028,165.83333 -77.62403,165.83333 -77.58778,165.83333 -77.55153,165.83333 -77.51528))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Despite being an essential physiological component of homeotherm life in polar regions, little is known about the energetic requirements for thermoregulation in either air or water for high- latitude seals. In a joint field and modeling study, the principal investigators will quantify these costs for the Weddell seal under both ambient air and water conditions. The field research will include innovative heat flux, digestive and locomotor cost telemetry on 40 free-ranging seals combined with assessments of animal health (morphometrics, hematology and clinical chemistry panels), quantity (ultrasound) and quality (tissue biopsy) of blubber insulation, and determination of surface skin temperature patterns (infrared thermography). Field-collected data will be combined with an established individual based computational energetics model to define cost-added thresholds in body condition for different body masses. This study will fill a major knowledge gap by providing data essential to modeling all aspects of pinniped life history, in particular for ice seals. Such parameterization of energetic cost components will be essential for the accurate modeling of responses by pinnipeds to environmental variance, including direct and indirect effects driven by climate change. The study also will provide extensive opportunities in polar field work, animal telemetry, biochemical analyses and computational modeling for up to three undergraduate students and one post-doctoral researcher. Integrated education and outreach efforts will educate the public (K-12 through adult) on the importance of quantifying energetic costs of thermoregulation for marine mammals and the need to understand responses of species to environmental variance. This effort will include a custom-built, interactive hands-on mobile exhibit, and development of content for an Ocean Today kiosk.\n", "east": 166.73334, "geometry": ["POINT(166.283335 -77.69653)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Seals; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Sea Surface; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.51528, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Mellish, Jo-Ann", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000343", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.87778, "title": "Thermoregulation in Free-Living Antarctic Seals: The Missing Link in Effective Ecological Modeling", "uid": "600130", "west": 165.83333}, {"awards": "0732655 Mosley-Thompson, Ellen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-63 -60,-62.6 -60,-62.2 -60,-61.8 -60,-61.4 -60,-61 -60,-60.6 -60,-60.2 -60,-59.8 -60,-59.4 -60,-59 -60,-59 -60.5,-59 -61,-59 -61.5,-59 -62,-59 -62.5,-59 -63,-59 -63.5,-59 -64,-59 -64.5,-59 -65,-59.4 -65,-59.8 -65,-60.2 -65,-60.6 -65,-61 -65,-61.4 -65,-61.8 -65,-62.2 -65,-62.6 -65,-63 -65,-63 -64.5,-63 -64,-63 -63.5,-63 -63,-63 -62.5,-63 -62,-63 -61.5,-63 -61,-63 -60.5,-63 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Like no other region on Earth, the northern Antarctic Peninsula represents a spectacular natural laboratory of climate change and provides the opportunity to study the record of past climate and ecological shifts alongside the present-day changes in one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth. This award supported the cryospheric and oceanographic components of an integrated multi-disciplinary program to address these rapid and fundamental changes now taking place in Antarctic Peninsula (AP). By making use of a marine research platform (the RV NB Palmer and on-board helicopters) and additional logistical support from the Argentine Antarctic program, the project brought together glaciologists, oceanographers, marine geologists and biologists who have worked collaboratively to address fundamental interdisciplinary questions regarding climate change.", "east": -59.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-61 -62.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Bruce Plateau; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Isotope; LARISSA; Paleoclimate; Sample/Collection Description; Snow Accumulation", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Bruce Plateau; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Thompson, Lonnie G.; Mosley-Thompson, Ellen", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -65.0, "title": "Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System (LARISSA) - Cryosphere and Oceans", "uid": "600167", "west": -63.0}, {"awards": "1043669 Yuan, Xiaojun", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((70 -64,71 -64,72 -64,73 -64,74 -64,75 -64,76 -64,77 -64,78 -64,79 -64,80 -64,80 -64.6,80 -65.2,80 -65.8,80 -66.4,80 -67,80 -67.6,80 -68.2,80 -68.8,80 -69.4,80 -70,79 -70,78 -70,77 -70,76 -70,75 -70,74 -70,73 -70,72 -70,71 -70,70 -70,70 -69.4,70 -68.8,70 -68.2,70 -67.6,70 -67,70 -66.4,70 -65.8,70 -65.2,70 -64.6,70 -64))"], "date_created": "Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Processess governing the formation of Antarctic bottom water (AABW) in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean remain poorly described. As with AABW formation in more well studied regions of the Antarctic continent, global climate impacts of the source regions of this dense, cold water that help drive the global ocean thermohaline circulation are uncertain. A combination of (annual) continental shelf and slope moorings, seasonal (summer) hydrographic surveys on board the Chinese icebreaker M/V Xuelong, together with synthesis of historic and satellite data will be used to better constrain shelf processes and the atmosphere-ocean-ice interactions in the Prydz Bay region. Despite the seeming remoteness of the study site, changes in the formation rate of AABW could potentially have impact on northern hemisphere climate via effects on the global heat budget and through sea-level rise in the coming decades. The project additionally seeks to promote international collaboration between Chinese and US researchers. The data collected will be broadly disseminated to the oceanographic community through the National Oceanography Data Center and Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Data Center.", "east": 80.0, "geometry": ["POINT(75 -67)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CTD Data; Mooring; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Prydz Bay; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Prydz Bay; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Yuan, Xiaojun", "project_titles": "US/Chinese Collaborative Study: Investigation of Bottom Water Formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000439", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "US/Chinese Collaborative Study: Investigation of Bottom Water Formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "US/Chinese Collaborative Study: Investigation of Bottom Water Formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica", "uid": "600126", "west": 70.0}, {"awards": "0739464 Cassano, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((160 -74.5,161.5 -74.5,163 -74.5,164.5 -74.5,166 -74.5,167.5 -74.5,169 -74.5,170.5 -74.5,172 -74.5,173.5 -74.5,175 -74.5,175 -74.9,175 -75.3,175 -75.7,175 -76.1,175 -76.5,175 -76.9,175 -77.3,175 -77.7,175 -78.1,175 -78.5,173.5 -78.5,172 -78.5,170.5 -78.5,169 -78.5,167.5 -78.5,166 -78.5,164.5 -78.5,163 -78.5,161.5 -78.5,160 -78.5,160 -78.1,160 -77.7,160 -77.3,160 -76.9,160 -76.5,160 -76.1,160 -75.7,160 -75.3,160 -74.9,160 -74.5))"], "date_created": "Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic polynyas are the ice free zones often persisting in continental sea ice. Characterization of the lower atmosphere properties, air-sea surface heat fluxes and corresponding ocean depth profiles of Antarctic polynyas, especially during strong wind events, is needed for a more detailed understanding of the role of polynya in the production of latent-heat type sea ice and the formation, through brine rejection, of dense ocean bottom waters. Broader impacts: A key technological innovation, the use of instrumented uninhabited aircraft systems (UAS), will be employed to enable the persistent and safe observation of the interaction of light and strong katabatic wind fields with the Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Antarctica) polynya waters during late winter and early summer time frames. The use of UAS observational platforms on the continent to date has to date been modest, but demonstration of their versatility and effectiveness in surveying and observing mode is a welcome development. The projects use of UAS platforms by University of Colorado and LDEO (Columbia) researchers is both high risk, and potentially transformative for the systematic data measurement tasks that many Antarctic science applications increasingly require.", "east": 175.0, "geometry": ["POINT(167.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Navigation; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Terra Nova Bay; UAV", "locations": "Ross Sea; Terra Nova Bay; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -74.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Cassano, John; Maslanik, Jim", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice Interaction in a Coastal Polynya", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000678", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice Interaction in a Coastal Polynya"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice Interaction in a Coastal Polynya", "uid": "600075", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "XXXXXXX Palais, Julie", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -62,180 -64,180 -66,180 -68,180 -70,180 -72,180 -74,180 -76,180 -78,180 -80,144 -80,108 -80,72 -80,36 -80,0 -80,-36 -80,-72 -80,-108 -80,-144 -80,-180 -80,-180 -78,-180 -76,-180 -74,-180 -72,-180 -70,-180 -68,-180 -66,-180 -64,-180 -62,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Sun, 20 Feb 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set provides grounding line and hydrostatic line locations for the Antarctic coastline and islands around Antarctica. The data are derived using customized software to combine data from Landsat-7 imagery and Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimetry, which were primarily collected between 1999 to 2003. The data set also includes elevations along each line, selected from six candidate digital elevation models. The data were developed as part of the Antarctic Surface Accumulation and Ice Discharge (ASAID) project. \r\n\r\nFunding trough NASA grant 509496.02.08.01.81\r\nData are provided in both ASCII text (.txt) and shapefile (.shp, .dbf, .shx) formats.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; ASAID; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Grounding Line Hydrostatic Line; Oceans", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Bindschadler, Robert; Choi, Hyeungu", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "High-resolution Image-derived Grounding and Hydrostatic Lines for the Antarctic Ice Sheet", "uid": "609489", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0540915 Scambos, Ted", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-60 -47,-55.5 -47,-51 -47,-46.5 -47,-42 -47,-37.5 -47,-33 -47,-28.5 -47,-24 -47,-19.5 -47,-15 -47,-15 -50.3,-15 -53.6,-15 -56.9,-15 -60.2,-15 -63.5,-15 -66.8,-15 -70.1,-15 -73.4,-15 -76.7,-15 -80,-19.5 -80,-24 -80,-28.5 -80,-33 -80,-37.5 -80,-42 -80,-46.5 -80,-51 -80,-55.5 -80,-60 -80,-60 -76.7,-60 -73.4,-60 -70.1,-60 -66.8,-60 -63.5,-60 -60.2,-60 -56.9,-60 -53.6,-60 -50.3,-60 -47))"], "date_created": "Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes a variety of station data from two Antarctic icebergs. In 2006, researchers installed specialized weather stations called Automated Meteorological Ice Geophysical Observing Stations (AMIGOS) on two icebergs, A22A and UK211 (nicknamed Amigosberg), near Marambio Station in Antarctica.The AMIGOS stations were outfitted with Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors, cameras, and an electronic thermometer. They collected data from their installation in March 2006 until the icebergs crumbled into the ocean, in 2006 (Amigosberg) and 2007 (A22A). Available data include GPS, temperature and ablation measurements, and photographs of the station base and of flag lines extending out to the edges of the icebergs. Snow pit data from iceberg A22A is also included.\n\nThis data set was collected as part of a National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs Special Grant for Exploratory Research, to explore the possibility of using drfting icebergs to investigate ice shelf evolution caused by climate change. The expedition, nicknamed IceTrek, was conducted jointly with Argentine scientists. The data are available via FTP in ASCII text (.txt) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (.jpg) formats.", "east": -15.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-37.5 -63.5)"], "keywords": "Ablation; Atmosphere; Glaciology; GPS; Meteorology; Oceans; Photo/Video; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -47.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Scambos, Ted; Bohlander, Jennifer; Bauer, Rob; Yermolin, Yevgeny; Thom, Jonathan", "project_titles": "Investigating Iceberg Evolution During Drift and Break-Up: A Proxy for Climate-Related Changes in Antarctic Ice Shelves", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000003", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Investigating Iceberg Evolution During Drift and Break-Up: A Proxy for Climate-Related Changes in Antarctic Ice Shelves"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "Climate, Drift, and Image Data from Antarctic Icebergs A22A and UK211, 2006-2007", "uid": "609466", "west": -60.0}, {"awards": "0838773 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-79 -60,-76.4 -60,-73.8 -60,-71.2 -60,-68.6 -60,-66 -60,-63.4 -60,-60.8 -60,-58.2 -60,-55.6 -60,-53 -60,-53 -61,-53 -62,-53 -63,-53 -64,-53 -65,-53 -66,-53 -67,-53 -68,-53 -69,-53 -70,-55.6 -70,-58.2 -70,-60.8 -70,-63.4 -70,-66 -70,-68.6 -70,-71.2 -70,-73.8 -70,-76.4 -70,-79 -70,-79 -69,-79 -68,-79 -67,-79 -66,-79 -65,-79 -64,-79 -63,-79 -62,-79 -61,-79 -60))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The near shore environments of the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) harbor extremely high densities of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1-25 mm in length) such as benthic amphipods, as well as rich assemblages of macroalgae, endophytes, and macroinvertebrates. Unlike temperate and tropical shallow marine environments, where fish and sea urchins are key grazers structuring the community, mesograzers appear to be much more important in the WAP. Accordingly, the proposed research has two main objectives: (1) To further investigate the interactions between the ecologically dominant large macrophytes, filamentous epi/endophytes, and mesograzers and (2) To determine the nature of interactions between mesograzers and sessile invertebrates. Specifically, the research will examine the following hypotheses: 1: The effects of endophytes on macrophytes are often negative, and consequently macrophytes defend against endophytic infection. 2: Mesoherbivores prevent filamentous algal species, common in the intertidal, from dominating subtidal assemblages. 3: Mesograzer predation pressure on sessile benthic macroinvertebrates, primarily sponges and tunicates, is greatest in shallow habitats dominated by macrophytes, and this impacts depth distributions of macroinvertebrate species. 4: Benthic macroinvertebrates may defend against mesograzers with secondary metabolites which effect molting and/or deter feeding. Broader impacts include involvement of undergraduates, including minorities, in research; training of graduate students, and continuation of the highly successful UAB IN ANTARCTICA interactive web program (two time recipient of awards of excellence from the US Council for Advancement and Support of Education). The researchers also will share their scientific endeavors with teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large while in residence in Antarctica. In addition, the investigators will request the participation of a PolarTREC teacher.", "east": -53.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-66 -65)"], "keywords": "Algae; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "McClintock, James; Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula; Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000475", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "600095", "west": -79.0}, {"awards": "0838776 Baker, Bill", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The near shore environments of the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) harbor extremely high densities of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1-25 mm in length) such as benthic amphipods, as well as rich assemblages of macroalgae, endophytes, and macroinvertebrates. Unlike temperate and tropical shallow marine environments, where fish and sea urchins are key grazers structuring the community, mesograzers appear to be much more important in the WAP. Accordingly, the proposed research has two main objectives: (1) To further investigate the interactions between the ecologically dominant large macrophytes, filamentous epi/endophytes, and mesograzers and (2) To determine the nature of interactions between mesograzers and sessile invertebrates. Specifically, the research will examine the following hypotheses: 1: The effects of endophytes on macrophytes are often negative, and consequently macrophytes defend against endophytic infection. 2: Mesoherbivores prevent filamentous algal species, common in the intertidal, from dominating subtidal assemblages. 3: Mesograzer predation pressure on sessile benthic macroinvertebrates, primarily sponges and tunicates, is greatest in shallow habitats dominated by macrophytes, and this impacts depth distributions of macroinvertebrate species. 4: Benthic macroinvertebrates may defend against mesograzers with secondary metabolites which effect molting and/or deter feeding. Broader impacts include involvement of undergraduates, including minorities, in research; training of graduate students, and continuation of the highly successful UAB IN ANTARCTICA interactive web program (two time recipient of awards of excellence from the US Council for Advancement and Support of Education). The researchers also will share their scientific endeavors with teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large while in residence in Antarctica. In addition, the investigators will request the participation of a PolarTREC teacher.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Algae; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Baker, Bill", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula; Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000475", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "600096", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0902957 Robinson, Laura", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70.5 -54.5,-66.95 -54.5,-63.4 -54.5,-59.85 -54.5,-56.3 -54.5,-52.75 -54.5,-49.2 -54.5,-45.65 -54.5,-42.1 -54.5,-38.55 -54.5,-35 -54.5,-35 -55.2,-35 -55.9,-35 -56.6,-35 -57.3,-35 -58,-35 -58.7,-35 -59.4,-35 -60.1,-35 -60.8,-35 -61.5,-38.55 -61.5,-42.1 -61.5,-45.65 -61.5,-49.2 -61.5,-52.75 -61.5,-56.3 -61.5,-59.85 -61.5,-63.4 -61.5,-66.95 -61.5,-70.5 -61.5,-70.5 -60.8,-70.5 -60.1,-70.5 -59.4,-70.5 -58.7,-70.5 -58,-70.5 -57.3,-70.5 -56.6,-70.5 -55.9,-70.5 -55.2,-70.5 -54.5))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The proposal seeks funds to continue a follow-up analytical work of deep-sea corals collected in the Drake Passage during a research cruise. The project\u0027s goal is paleo-climate research looking to constrain the depth structure and time evolution of the radiocarbon content of the Southern Ocean during the glacial and deglaciation. Radiocarbon is a versatile tracer of past climate; its radioactive decay provides an internal clock with which to assess the rates of processes, and it can be used to trace the movement of carbon through the Earth\u0027s system. It enters the ocean through air-sea gas exchange, so processes that limits this will, therefore, reduce the radiocarbon content of both surface and deep waters. The Southern Ocean is a critical location for exchange of heat and carbon between the deep-ocean and atmospheric reservoirs, and the deep waters formed there fill large volumes of the global deep and intermediate oceans. As strong currents tend to scour away sediments, carbonate preservation is limited, and radiocarbon reservoir ages are poorly constrained, many traditional paleoceanographic techniques become impractical. It is proposed to alleviate these difficulties analyzing the chemical composition of deep-sea coral skeletons. Their aragonitic skeletons can be precisely dated using U-series decay, and when coupled with radiocarbon analyses will allow to calculate the C14/C12 ratio of the past water column.", "east": -35.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-52.75 -58)"], "keywords": "Biota; Corals; Drake Passage; Geochronology; NBP0805; Oceans; Paleoclimate; Radiocarbon; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Drake Passage; Southern Ocean", "north": -54.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Robinson, Laura", "project_titles": "LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000519", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -61.5, "title": "LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals", "uid": "600111", "west": -70.5}, {"awards": "0528728 Vernet, Maria", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-69.08 -64.8,-68.632 -64.8,-68.184 -64.8,-67.736 -64.8,-67.288 -64.8,-66.84 -64.8,-66.392 -64.8,-65.944 -64.8,-65.496 -64.8,-65.048 -64.8,-64.6 -64.8,-64.6 -65.121,-64.6 -65.442,-64.6 -65.763,-64.6 -66.084,-64.6 -66.405,-64.6 -66.726,-64.6 -67.047,-64.6 -67.368,-64.6 -67.689,-64.6 -68.01,-65.048 -68.01,-65.496 -68.01,-65.944 -68.01,-66.392 -68.01,-66.84 -68.01,-67.288 -68.01,-67.736 -68.01,-68.184 -68.01,-68.632 -68.01,-69.08 -68.01,-69.08 -67.689,-69.08 -67.368,-69.08 -67.047,-69.08 -66.726,-69.08 -66.405,-69.08 -66.084,-69.08 -65.763,-69.08 -65.442,-69.08 -65.121,-69.08 -64.8))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This collaborative study between the Desert Research Institute, the University of California, Santa Barbara (0529087; Robin Ross), and the University of California, San Diego (0528728; Maria Vernet) will examine the relationship between sea ice extent along the Antarctic Peninsula and the life history of krill (Euphausia superba), by developing, refining, and linking diagnostic datasets and models of phytoplankton decreases in the fall, phytoplankton biomass incorporation into sea ice, sea ice growth dynamics, sea ice algal production and biomass accumulation, and larval krill energetics, condition, and survival. Krill is a key species in the food web of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, and one that is intricately involved with seasonal sea ice dynamics. Results from the Southern Ocean experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program (SO-Globec) field work as well as historical information on sea ice dynamics and krill recruitment suggest a shift in the paradigm that all pack ice is equally good krill habitat. SO-Globec is a multidisciplinary effort focused on understanding the physical and biological factors that influence growth, reproduction, recruitment and survival of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The program uses a multi-trophic level approach that includes the predators and competitors of Antarctic krill, represented by other zooplankton, fish, penguins, seals, and cetaceans. This collaborative project is concerned with the synthesis and modeling of lower trophic levels.", "east": -64.6, "geometry": ["POINT(-66.84 -66.405)"], "keywords": "Bellingshausen Sea; Biota; Oceans; Phytoplankton; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Bellingshausen Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.8, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Vernet, Maria", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000522", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.01, "title": "The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "uid": "600048", "west": -69.08}, {"awards": "0529087 Ross, Robin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-71 -61,-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-61 -61.9,-61 -62.8,-61 -63.7,-61 -64.6,-61 -65.5,-61 -66.4,-61 -67.3,-61 -68.2,-61 -69.1,-61 -70,-62 -70,-63 -70,-64 -70,-65 -70,-66 -70,-67 -70,-68 -70,-69 -70,-70 -70,-71 -70,-71 -69.1,-71 -68.2,-71 -67.3,-71 -66.4,-71 -65.5,-71 -64.6,-71 -63.7,-71 -62.8,-71 -61.9,-71 -61))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This collaborative study between the Desert Research Institute, the University of California, Santa Barbara (0529087; Robin Ross), and the University of California, San Diego (0528728; Maria Vernet) will examine the relationship between sea ice extent along the Antarctic Peninsula and the life history of krill (Euphausia superba), by developing, refining, and linking diagnostic datasets and models of phytoplankton decreases in the fall, phytoplankton biomass incorporation into sea ice, sea ice growth dynamics, sea ice algal production and biomass accumulation, and larval krill energetics, condition, and survival. Krill is a key species in the food web of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, and one that is intricately involved with seasonal sea ice dynamics. Results from the Southern Ocean experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program (SO-Globec) field work as well as historical information on sea ice dynamics and krill recruitment suggest a shift in the paradigm that all pack ice is equally good krill habitat. SO-Globec is a multidisciplinary effort focused on understanding the physical and biological factors that influence growth, reproduction, recruitment and survival of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The program uses a multi-trophic level approach that includes the predators and competitors of Antarctic krill, represented by other zooplankton, fish, penguins, seals, and cetaceans. This collaborative project is concerned with the synthesis and modeling of lower trophic levels.", "east": -61.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-66 -65.5)"], "keywords": "Bellingshausen Sea; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Bellingshausen Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Quetin, Langdon B.; Ross, Robin Macurda", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000522", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "uid": "600049", "west": -71.0}, {"awards": "0529666 Fritsen, Christian", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -39.23,-144 -39.23,-108 -39.23,-72 -39.23,-36 -39.23,0 -39.23,36 -39.23,72 -39.23,108 -39.23,144 -39.23,180 -39.23,180 -44.307,180 -49.384,180 -54.461,180 -59.538,180 -64.615,180 -69.692,180 -74.769,180 -79.846,180 -84.923,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -84.923,-180 -79.846,-180 -74.769,-180 -69.692,-180 -64.615,-180 -59.538,-180 -54.461,-180 -49.384,-180 -44.307,-180 -39.23))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This collaborative study between the Desert Research Institute, the University of California, Santa Barbara (0529087; Robin Ross), and the University of California, San Diego (0528728; Maria Vernet) will examine the relationship between sea ice extent along the Antarctic Peninsula and the life history of krill (Euphausia superba), by developing, refining, and linking diagnostic datasets and models of phytoplankton decreases in the fall, phytoplankton biomass incorporation into sea ice, sea ice growth dynamics, sea ice algal production and biomass accumulation, and larval krill energetics, condition, and survival. Krill is a key species in the food web of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, and one that is intricately involved with seasonal sea ice dynamics. Results from the Southern Ocean experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program (SO-Globec) field work as well as historical information on sea ice dynamics and krill recruitment suggest a shift in the paradigm that all pack ice is equally good krill habitat. SO-Globec is a multidisciplinary effort focused on understanding the physical and biological factors that influence growth, reproduction, recruitment and survival of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The program uses a multi-trophic level approach that includes the predators and competitors of Antarctic krill, represented by other zooplankton, fish, penguins, seals, and cetaceans. It is currently in a synthesis and modeling phase. This collaborative project is concerned with the lower trophic levels, and will be integrated with other synthesis and modeling studies that deal with grazers, predators, and other higher trophic levels.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Bellingshausen Sea; Cryosphere; Oceans; Photosynthetically Active Radiation (PAR); Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Total Integrated Exposure to PAR", "locations": "Bellingshausen Sea; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -39.23, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Fritsen, Christian", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000522", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "uid": "600050", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0542111 Lonsdale, Darcy", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-166.287 -76.5799)"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Recent studies of marine ecosystems show conflicting evidence for trophic cascades, and in particular the relative strength of the crustacean zooplankton-phytoplankton link. The Ross Sea is a natural laboratory for investigating this apparent conflict. It is a site of seasonally high abundances of phytoplankton, characterized by regions of distinct phytoplankton taxa; the southcentral polynya is strongly dominated by the colony-forming prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica, while coastal regions of this sea are typically dominated by diatoms or flagellate species. Recent studies indicate that, while the south-central polynya exhibits a massive phytoplankton bloom, the poor food quality of P. antarctica for many crustacean zooplankton prevents direct utilization of much of this phytoplankton bloom. Rather, evidence suggests that indirect utilization of this production may be the primary mechanism by which carbon and energy become available to those higher trophic levels. Specifically, we hypothesized that nano- and microzooplankton constitute an important food source for crustacean zooplankton (largely copepods and juvenile euphausiids) during the summer period in the Ross Sea where the phytoplankton assemblage is dominated by the prymnesiophyte. In turn, we also hypothesize that predation by copepods (and other Crustacea) controls and structures the species composition of these protistan assemblages. We occupied stations in the south-central Ross Sea Polynya (RSP) and Terra Nova Bay (TNB) during austral summer to test these hypotheses. We hypothesized that the diatom species that dominate the phytoplankton assemblage in TNB constitute a direct source of nutrition to herbivorous/omnivorous zooplankton (relative to the situation in the south-central RSP). That is, the contribution of heterotrophic protists to crustacean diets will be reduced in TNB. Our research addressed fundamental gaps in our knowledge of food web structure and trophic cascades.", "east": -166.287, "geometry": ["POINT(-166.287 -76.5799)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Crustacea; Oceans; Phytoplankton; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -76.5799, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Lonsdale, Darcy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Do Crustacean Zooplankton Play a Pivotal Role in Structuring Heterotrophic Plankton Communities in the Ross Sea?", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000520", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Do Crustacean Zooplankton Play a Pivotal Role in Structuring Heterotrophic Plankton Communities in the Ross Sea?"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.5799, "title": "Do Crustacean Zooplankton Play a Pivotal Role in Structuring Heterotrophic Plankton Communities in the Ross Sea?", "uid": "600059", "west": -166.287}, {"awards": "0632389 Murray, Alison", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-65.3827 -64.4213,-65.13333 -64.4213,-64.88396 -64.4213,-64.63459 -64.4213,-64.38522 -64.4213,-64.13585 -64.4213,-63.88648 -64.4213,-63.63711 -64.4213,-63.38774 -64.4213,-63.13837 -64.4213,-62.889 -64.4213,-62.889 -64.47176,-62.889 -64.52222,-62.889 -64.57268,-62.889 -64.62314,-62.889 -64.6736,-62.889 -64.72406,-62.889 -64.77452,-62.889 -64.82498,-62.889 -64.87544,-62.889 -64.9259,-63.13837 -64.9259,-63.38774 -64.9259,-63.63711 -64.9259,-63.88648 -64.9259,-64.13585 -64.9259,-64.38522 -64.9259,-64.63459 -64.9259,-64.88396 -64.9259,-65.13333 -64.9259,-65.3827 -64.9259,-65.3827 -64.87544,-65.3827 -64.82498,-65.3827 -64.77452,-65.3827 -64.72406,-65.3827 -64.6736,-65.3827 -64.62314,-65.3827 -64.57268,-65.3827 -64.52222,-65.3827 -64.47176,-65.3827 -64.4213))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Western Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing one of the most rapid rates of climate warming on Earth, with an increase of 5degrees C in the mean winter temperature in 50 years. Impacts on upper trophic levels are evident, though there have been few, if any studies that have considered the impacts on bacterioplankton in the Southern Ocean. This proposal will characterize the winter bacterioplankton genome, transcriptome, and proteome and discover those features (community composition, genes up-regulated, and proteins expressed) that are essential to winter bacterioplankton survival and livelihood. We have assembled a polar ocean ecology and genomics network including strategic partnerships with Palmer LTER, the British Antarctic Survey\u0027s ocean metagenome program, US and Canadian scientists studying the Arctic Ocean genome, an Australian colleague who specialized in archaeal proteomics, and French colleagues studying Sub-Antarctic and Coastal Adelie Land marine bacterioplankton. The primary objectives of this program are: 1 Describe the differences in diversity and genomic content between austral winter and summer bacterioplankton communities. 2. Investigate the winter-time bacterioplankton growth and cellular signals (mRNA and proteins expressed) in order to understand the specific adaptations key to survival. Our results will extend from the Antarctic to the Arctic - as the cold, dark, carbon-limited deep seas linking these two systems have many common features. Education and outreach activities target (i) undergraduate and graduate students, hopefully including minority students recruited through the Diversity in Research in Environmental and Marine Sciences (DREAMS) Program at VIMS; (ii) a broad audience with our education and outreach partnerships with The Cousteau Society and with the Census for Antarctic Marine Life program. Data and links to external databases will be listed on the http://genex2.dri.edu website. Sequence data will be publicly accessible in GenBank and IMG-M databases.", "east": -62.889, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.13585 -64.6736)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Chemistry:Fluid; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.4213, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Grzymski, Joseph; Murray, Alison", "project_titles": "IPY: Bacterioplankton Genomic Adaptations to Antarctic Winter", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000091", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "IPY: Bacterioplankton Genomic Adaptations to Antarctic Winter"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.9259, "title": "IPY: Bacterioplankton Genomic Adaptations to Antarctic Winter", "uid": "600061", "west": -65.3827}, {"awards": "0636319 Shaw, Timothy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-51.9201 -57.5061,-50.99447 -57.5061,-50.06884 -57.5061,-49.14321 -57.5061,-48.21758 -57.5061,-47.29195 -57.5061,-46.36632 -57.5061,-45.44069 -57.5061,-44.51506 -57.5061,-43.58943 -57.5061,-42.6638 -57.5061,-42.6638 -58.03449,-42.6638 -58.56288,-42.6638 -59.09127,-42.6638 -59.61966,-42.6638 -60.14805,-42.6638 -60.67644,-42.6638 -61.20483,-42.6638 -61.73322,-42.6638 -62.26161,-42.6638 -62.79,-43.58943 -62.79,-44.51506 -62.79,-45.44069 -62.79,-46.36632 -62.79,-47.29195 -62.79,-48.21758 -62.79,-49.14321 -62.79,-50.06884 -62.79,-50.99447 -62.79,-51.9201 -62.79,-51.9201 -62.26161,-51.9201 -61.73322,-51.9201 -61.20483,-51.9201 -60.67644,-51.9201 -60.14805,-51.9201 -59.61966,-51.9201 -59.09127,-51.9201 -58.56288,-51.9201 -58.03449,-51.9201 -57.5061))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions:1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.", "east": -42.6638, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.29195 -60.14805)"], "keywords": "Biota; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Oceans; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -57.5061, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Shaw, Tim; Twining, Benjamin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000511", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -62.79, "title": "Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600064", "west": -51.9201}, {"awards": "0836061 Dennett, Mark", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-170 -69,-163 -69,-156 -69,-149 -69,-142 -69,-135 -69,-128 -69,-121 -69,-114 -69,-107 -69,-100 -69,-100 -70,-100 -71,-100 -72,-100 -73,-100 -74,-100 -75,-100 -76,-100 -77,-100 -78,-100 -79,-107 -79,-114 -79,-121 -79,-128 -79,-135 -79,-142 -79,-149 -79,-156 -79,-163 -79,-170 -79,-170 -78,-170 -77,-170 -76,-170 -75,-170 -74,-170 -73,-170 -72,-170 -71,-170 -70,-170 -69))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Convincing evidence now confirms that polar regions are changing rapidly in response to human activities. Changes in sea ice extent and thickness will have profound implications for productivity, food webs and carbon fluxes at high latitudes, since sea ice biota are a significant source of biogenic matter for the ecosystem. While sea ice is often thought to be a barrier to gas exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, it more likely functions as a source or sink for climate-active gases such as carbon dioxide and ozone-depleting organohalogens, due in part to activities of microbes embedded in the sea ice matrix. This project brings together experienced US and Swedish investigators to examine the controls by sea-ice biota on the production and degradation of key climate-active gases in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. We hypothesize that 1) the physical properties of the sea-ice environment will determine the community structure and activities of the sea ice biota; 2) the productivity, biomass, physiological state and species composition of ice algae will determine the production of specific classes of organic carbon, including organohalogens; 3) heterotrophic co-metabolism within the ice will break down these compounds to some extent, depending on the microbial community structure and productivity, and 4) the sea ice to atmosphere fluxes of CO2 and organohalogens will be inversely related. This project will build close scientific collaborations between US and Swedish researchers and also train young scientists, including members of underrepresented groups. Dissemination of results will include the scientific literature, and public outreach venues including interactions with a PolarTrec teacher.", "east": -100.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-135 -74)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Oden; Oden2008; Plankton; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -69.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Dennett, Mark", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Controls on climate-active gases by Amundsen Sea ice biota", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000137", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Controls on climate-active gases by Amundsen Sea ice biota"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.0, "title": "Controls on Climate-Active Gases by Amundsen Sea Ice Biota", "uid": "600091", "west": -170.0}, {"awards": "0944474 Robinson, Laura", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70.5 -54.5,-66.95 -54.5,-63.4 -54.5,-59.85 -54.5,-56.3 -54.5,-52.75 -54.5,-49.2 -54.5,-45.65 -54.5,-42.1 -54.5,-38.55 -54.5,-35 -54.5,-35 -55.2,-35 -55.9,-35 -56.6,-35 -57.3,-35 -58,-35 -58.7,-35 -59.4,-35 -60.1,-35 -60.8,-35 -61.5,-38.55 -61.5,-42.1 -61.5,-45.65 -61.5,-49.2 -61.5,-52.75 -61.5,-56.3 -61.5,-59.85 -61.5,-63.4 -61.5,-66.95 -61.5,-70.5 -61.5,-70.5 -60.8,-70.5 -60.1,-70.5 -59.4,-70.5 -58.7,-70.5 -58,-70.5 -57.3,-70.5 -56.6,-70.5 -55.9,-70.5 -55.2,-70.5 -54.5))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Polar oceans are the main sites of deep-water formation and are critical to the exchange of heat and carbon between the deep ocean and the atmosphere. This award \"Historic perspectives on climate and biogeography from deep-sea corals in the Drake Passage\" will address the following specific research questions: What was the radiocarbon content of the Southern Ocean during the last glacial maximum and during past rapid climate change events? and What are the major controls on the past and present distribution of cold-water corals within the Drake Passage and adjacent continental shelves? Testing these overall questions will allow the researchers to better understand how processes in the Southern Ocean are linked to climate change over millennia. This award is being funded by the Antarctic Earth Sciences Program of NSF\u0027s Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. INTELLECTUAL MERIT: The skeletons of deep-sea corals are abundant in the Southern Ocean, and can be dated using U-series techniques making them a useful archive of oceanographic history. By pairing U-series and radiocarbon analyses the awardees can reconstruct the radiocarbon content of seawater in the past, allowing them to address the research questions raised above. Collection of living deep-sea corals along with environmental data will allow them to address the broader biogeography questions posed above as well. The awardees are uniquely qualified to answer these questions in their respective labs via cutting edge technologies, and they have shown promising results from a preliminary pilot cruise to the area in 2008. BROADER IMPACTS: Societal Relevance: The proposed paleoclimate research will make significant advances toward constraining the Southern Ocean\u0027s influence on global climate, specifically it should help set the bounds for the upper limits on how fast the ocean circulation might change in this region of the world, which is of high societal relevance in this era of changing climate. Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating undergraduate through post-doctoral students into research programs; ii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by providing information via a cruise website and in-school talks, iii) making the data collected available to the wider research community via data archives such as Seamounts Online and the Seamount Biogeographic Network and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as interviews in the popular media.", "east": -35.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-52.75 -58)"], "keywords": "Biota; Corals; Cruise Report; Drake Passage; NBP1103; Oceans; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Drake Passage; Southern Ocean", "north": -54.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Robinson, Laura", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Historic Perspectives on Climate and Biogeography from Deep-sea Corals in the Drake Passage", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000514", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Historic Perspectives on Climate and Biogeography from Deep-sea Corals in the Drake Passage"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -61.5, "title": "Historic Perspectives on Climate and Biogeography from Deep-Sea Corals in the Drake Passage", "uid": "600114", "west": -70.5}, {"awards": "0636543 Murray, Alison", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-51.98403 -57.58068,-51.042765 -57.58068,-50.1015 -57.58068,-49.160235 -57.58068,-48.21897 -57.58068,-47.277705 -57.58068,-46.33644 -57.58068,-45.395175 -57.58068,-44.45391 -57.58068,-43.512645 -57.58068,-42.57138 -57.58068,-42.57138 -58.10845,-42.57138 -58.63622,-42.57138 -59.16399,-42.57138 -59.69176,-42.57138 -60.21953,-42.57138 -60.7473,-42.57138 -61.27507,-42.57138 -61.80284,-42.57138 -62.33061,-42.57138 -62.85838,-43.512645 -62.85838,-44.45391 -62.85838,-45.395175 -62.85838,-46.33644 -62.85838,-47.277705 -62.85838,-48.21897 -62.85838,-49.160235 -62.85838,-50.1015 -62.85838,-51.042765 -62.85838,-51.98403 -62.85838,-51.98403 -62.33061,-51.98403 -61.80284,-51.98403 -61.27507,-51.98403 -60.7473,-51.98403 -60.21953,-51.98403 -59.69176,-51.98403 -59.16399,-51.98403 -58.63622,-51.98403 -58.10845,-51.98403 -57.58068))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.", "east": -42.57138, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.277705 -60.21953)"], "keywords": "Biota; Geochemistry; NBP0902; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -57.58068, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Murray, Alison", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000511", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -62.85838, "title": "Free-Drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600065", "west": -51.98403}, {"awards": "0538580 Hemming, Sidney", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((60 -60,72 -60,84 -60,96 -60,108 -60,120 -60,132 -60,144 -60,156 -60,168 -60,180 -60,180 -61,180 -62,180 -63,180 -64,180 -65,180 -66,180 -67,180 -68,180 -69,180 -70,168 -70,156 -70,144 -70,132 -70,120 -70,108 -70,96 -70,84 -70,72 -70,60 -70,60 -69,60 -68,60 -67,60 -66,60 -65,60 -64,60 -63,60 -62,60 -61,60 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project studies sediment from the ocean floor to understand Antarctica\u0027s geologic history. Glacially eroded from the Antarctic continent, these sediments may offer insight into the 99% Antarctica covered by ice. The work\u0027s central focus is determining crust formation ages and thermal histories for three key areas of East Antarctica--Prydz Bay, eastern Weddell Sea, and Wilkes Land--through a combination of petrography, bulk sediment geochemistry and radiogenic isotopes, as well as isotope chronology of individual mineral grains. One specific objective is characterizing the composition of the Gamburtsev Mountains through studies of Eocene fluvial sediments from Prydz Bay. In addition to furthering our understanding of the hidden terrains of Antarctica, these terrigenous sediments will also serve as a natural laboratory to evaluate the effects of continental weathering on the Hf/Nd isotope systematics of seawater. An important broader impact of the project is providing exciting research projects for graduate and postdoctoral students using state of the art techniques in geochemistry.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(120 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:Sediment; Geochemistry; Geochronology; isotope data; Marine Sediments; Oceans; Prydz Bay; Solid Earth; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea; Wilkes Land", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Prydz Bay; Wilkes Land; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "van de Flierdt, Tina; Goldstein, Steven L.; Hemming, Sidney R.", "project_titles": "Antarctica\u0027s Geological History Reflected in Sedimentary Radiogenic Isotopes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000524", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctica\u0027s Geological History Reflected in Sedimentary Radiogenic Isotopes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "Antarctica\u0027s Geological History Reflected in Sedimentary Radiogenic Isotopes", "uid": "600056", "west": 60.0}, {"awards": "0538479 Seibel, Brad", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166 -77,166.1 -77,166.2 -77,166.3 -77,166.4 -77,166.5 -77,166.6 -77,166.7 -77,166.8 -77,166.9 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.9 -78,166.8 -78,166.7 -78,166.6 -78,166.5 -78,166.4 -78,166.3 -78,166.2 -78,166.1 -78,166 -78,166 -77.9,166 -77.8,166 -77.7,166 -77.6,166 -77.5,166 -77.4,166 -77.3,166 -77.2,166 -77.1,166 -77))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have resulted in greater oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide can impact marine organisms both via decreased carbonate saturation that affects calcification rates and via disturbance to acid-base (metabolic) physiology. Pteropod molluscs (Thecosomata) form shells made of aragonite, a type of calcium carbonate that is highly soluble, suggesting that these organisms may be particularly sensitive to increasing carbon dioxide and reduced carbonate ion concentration. Thecosome pteropods, which dominate the calcium carbonate export south of the Antarctic Polar Front, will be the first major group of marine calcifying organisms to experience carbonate undersaturation within parts of their present-day geographical ranges as a result of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. An unusual, co-evolved relationship between thecosomes and their specialized gymnosome predators provides a unique backdrop against which to assess the physiological and ecological importance of elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Pteropods are functionally important components of the Antarctic ecosystem with potential to influence phytoplankton stocks, carbon export, and dimethyl sulfide levels that, in turn, influence global climate through ocean-atmosphere feedback loops. The research will quantify the impact of elevated carbon dioxide on a dominant aragonitic pteropod, Limacina helicina, and its specialist predator, the gymnosome Clione antarctica, in the Ross Sea through laboratory experimentation. Results will be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific understanding in this field. The project involves collaboration between researchers at a predominantly undergraduate institution with a significant enrollment of students that are typically underrepresented in the research environment (California State University San Marcos - CSUSM) and at a Ph.D.-granting institution (University of Rhode Island - URI). The program will promote education and learning through the joint education of undergraduate students and graduate students at CSUSM and URI as part of a research team, as well as through the teaching activities of the principal investigators. Dr. Keating, CSUSM professor of science education, will participate in the McMurdo fieldwork and lead the outreach opportunities for the project.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166.5 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Biota; CO2; McMurdo Station; Oceans; Ross Island; Sample/Collection Description; Shell fish; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Island; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Seibel, Brad", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Impacts of Elevated pCO2 on a Dominant Aragonitic Pteropod (Thecosomata) and its Specialist Predator (Gymnosomata) in the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000694", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Impacts of Elevated pCO2 on a Dominant Aragonitic Pteropod (Thecosomata) and its Specialist Predator (Gymnosomata) in the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Impacts of Elevated pCO2 on a Dominant Aragonitic Pteropod (Thecosomata) and its Specialist Predator (Gymnosomata) in the Ross Sea", "uid": "600055", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0338163 Leventer, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70.90391 -52.35262,-68.130917 -52.35262,-65.357924 -52.35262,-62.584931 -52.35262,-59.811938 -52.35262,-57.038945 -52.35262,-54.265952 -52.35262,-51.492959 -52.35262,-48.719966 -52.35262,-45.946973 -52.35262,-43.17398 -52.35262,-43.17398 -53.75776,-43.17398 -55.1629,-43.17398 -56.56804,-43.17398 -57.97318,-43.17398 -59.37832,-43.17398 -60.78346,-43.17398 -62.1886,-43.17398 -63.59374,-43.17398 -64.99888,-43.17398 -66.40402,-45.946973 -66.40402,-48.719966 -66.40402,-51.492959 -66.40402,-54.265952 -66.40402,-57.038945 -66.40402,-59.811938 -66.40402,-62.584931 -66.40402,-65.357924 -66.40402,-68.130917 -66.40402,-70.90391 -66.40402,-70.90391 -64.99888,-70.90391 -63.59374,-70.90391 -62.1886,-70.90391 -60.78346,-70.90391 -59.37832,-70.90391 -57.97318,-70.90391 -56.56804,-70.90391 -55.1629,-70.90391 -53.75776,-70.90391 -52.35262))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The NSF-supported research icebreaker Nathaniel B. Palmer operates year-round in support of the U.S. Antarctic Program, carrying out global change studies in biological, chemical, physical, and oceanographic disciplines. \n This data set consists of underway data from leg NBP0603 on the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer. This leg started at Punta Arenas, Chile and ended at Punta Arenas, Chile.", "east": -43.17398, "geometry": ["POINT(-57.038945 -59.37832)"], "keywords": "ADCP Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Diatom; Electromagnetic data; Flask Glacier; Foehn Winds; Larsen Ice Shelf; Marine Sediments; NBP0603; Oceans; Physical Ice Properties; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Scar Inlet; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Larsen Ice Shelf; Antarctic Peninsula; Scar Inlet; Flask Glacier; Southern Ocean", "north": -52.35262, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Domack, Eugene Walter", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Paleohistory of the Larsen Ice Shelf System: Phase II", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000215", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Paleohistory of the Larsen Ice Shelf System: Phase II"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.40402, "title": "R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer NBP0603 - Paleohistory of the Larsen Ice Shelf System", "uid": "600027", "west": -70.90391}, {"awards": "0442857 Baker, Bill", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-65 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.6 -63,-64.4 -63,-64.2 -63,-64 -63,-63.8 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.4 -63,-63.2 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.2,-63 -63.4,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.8,-63 -64,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.4,-63 -64.6,-63 -64.8,-63 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.4 -65,-63.6 -65,-63.8 -65,-64 -65,-64.2 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.6 -65,-64.8 -65,-65 -65,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.6,-65 -64.4,-65 -64.2,-65 -64,-65 -63.8,-65 -63.6,-65 -63.4,-65 -63.2,-65 -63))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Mesoherbivores, and specifically amphipods, are a conspicuous and dominant component of the macroalgal community in Antarctica. Despite their high abundance, the functional ecology, and particularly the trophic relationships of Antarctic amphipods are poorly understood. This project will evaluate the importance of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1 to 25 mm in body length) in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities. This will be accomplished by examining the role of mesoherbivores in structuring macroalgal communities and by elucidating the ecological interactions of mesograzers with a dominant group of benthic macroinvertebrates, the marine sponges. Moreover, chemical studies will be conducted to gain a more thorough understanding of the chemical defenses that Antarctic Peninsula sponges direct towards crustacean mesograzers. Three sets of questions will be addressed concerning the importance of mesograzers, and amphipods in particular, in nearshore habitats of the western Antarctic Peninsula. First, the hypothesis that mesoherbivory is particularly heavy in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities and has an important influence on algal community structure will be addressed. Initial studies will document which species of amphipods feed in whole or part on microalgae and macroalgae, the incidence and distribution of filamentous endophytes in dominant macroalgae, comparative night time patterns of amphipod abundances on macrophytes, and the role of chemical mediation in these relationships. Second, the broad hypothesis that mesograzers in general, and amphipods in particular, interact with and prey upon sponges to a greater extent than heretofore recognized in Antarctic communities will be tested. The functional basis of these associations will be considered by examining whether the sponges are used as prey, and if so, whether there is evidence that some sponges produce secondary metabolites that show efficacy against mesograzers such as amphipods. Third, the researchers will test the hypotheses that: 1) Antarctic algae and invertebrates biosynthesize secondary metabolites that deter feeding by amphipod predators; and 2) pigments found in three Antarctic sponges are tryptophan catabolites produced as defenses against crustacean predators that impact molting. Evaluation of these hypotheses will be based on isolation and characterization of the specific anti-feeding metabolites, on biosynthetic studies to establish the metabolic origin of the pigments, and on bioassays to establish the chemical defense roles of both groups of compounds. A variety of educational activities will be a major component of this project. Opportunities will be made to support graduate and undergraduate research, both through NSF programs as well as home university-based programs including a number of funded programs that enhance the representation of minorities in the sciences. Through their proven and highly successful interactive web program, the investigators will continue to involve a large numbers of teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large in their scientific endeavors in Antarctica. Moreover, they will actively participate in outreach efforts by presenting numerous talks on their research to school and community groups.", "east": -63.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-64 -64)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Baker, Bill", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula; Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000475", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "600047", "west": -65.0}, {"awards": "0442769 McClintock, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.15 -64.78,-64.132 -64.78,-64.114 -64.78,-64.096 -64.78,-64.078 -64.78,-64.06 -64.78,-64.042 -64.78,-64.024 -64.78,-64.006 -64.78,-63.988 -64.78,-63.97 -64.78,-63.97 -64.784,-63.97 -64.788,-63.97 -64.792,-63.97 -64.796,-63.97 -64.8,-63.97 -64.804,-63.97 -64.808,-63.97 -64.812,-63.97 -64.816,-63.97 -64.82,-63.988 -64.82,-64.006 -64.82,-64.024 -64.82,-64.042 -64.82,-64.06 -64.82,-64.078 -64.82,-64.096 -64.82,-64.114 -64.82,-64.132 -64.82,-64.15 -64.82,-64.15 -64.816,-64.15 -64.812,-64.15 -64.808,-64.15 -64.804,-64.15 -64.8,-64.15 -64.796,-64.15 -64.792,-64.15 -64.788,-64.15 -64.784,-64.15 -64.78))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Mesoherbivores, and specifically amphipods, are a conspicuous and dominant component of the macroalgal community in Antarctica. Despite their high abundance, the functional ecology, and particularly the trophic relationships of Antarctic amphipods are poorly understood. This project will evaluate the importance of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1 to 25 mm in body length) in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities. This will be accomplished by examining the role of mesoherbivores in structuring macroalgal communities and by elucidating the ecological interactions of mesograzers with a dominant group of benthic macroinvertebrates, the marine sponges. Moreover, chemical studies will be conducted to gain a more thorough understanding of the chemical defenses that Antarctic Peninsula sponges direct towards crustacean mesograzers. Three sets of questions will be addressed concerning the importance of mesograzers, and amphipods in particular, in nearshore habitats of the western Antarctic Peninsula. First, the hypothesis that mesoherbivory is particularly heavy in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities and has an important influence on algal community structure will be addressed. Initial studies will document which species of amphipods feed in whole or part on microalgae and macroalgae, the incidence and distribution of filamentous endophytes in dominant macroalgae, comparative night time patterns of amphipod abundances on macrophytes, and the role of chemical mediation in these relationships. Second, the broad hypothesis that mesograzers in general, and amphipods in particular, interact with and prey upon sponges to a greater extent than heretofore recognized in Antarctic communities will be tested. The functional basis of these associations will be considered by examining whether the sponges are used as prey, and if so, whether there is evidence that some sponges produce secondary metabolites that show efficacy against mesograzers such as amphipods. Third, the researchers will test the hypotheses that: 1) Antarctic algae and invertebrates biosynthesize secondary metabolites that deter feeding by amphipod predators; and 2) pigments found in three Antarctic sponges are tryptophan catabolites produced as defenses against crustacean predators that impact molting. Evaluation of these hypotheses will be based on isolation and characterization of the specific anti-feeding metabolites, on biosynthetic studies to establish the metabolic origin of the pigments, and on bioassays to establish the chemical defense roles of both groups of compounds. A variety of educational activities will be a major component of this project. Opportunities will be made to support graduate and undergraduate research, both through NSF programs as well as home university-based programs including a number of funded programs that enhance the representation of minorities in the sciences. Through their proven and highly successful interactive web program, the investigators will continue to involve a large numbers of teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large in their scientific endeavors in Antarctica. Moreover, they will actively participate in outreach efforts by presenting numerous talks on their research to school and community groups.", "east": -63.97, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.06 -64.8)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.78, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "McClintock, James; Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula; Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000475", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.82, "title": "The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "600046", "west": -64.15}, {"awards": "0338087 Scheltema, Rudolf", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -53,-68.4 -53,-66.8 -53,-65.2 -53,-63.6 -53,-62 -53,-60.4 -53,-58.8 -53,-57.2 -53,-55.6 -53,-54 -53,-54 -54.5,-54 -56,-54 -57.5,-54 -59,-54 -60.5,-54 -62,-54 -63.5,-54 -65,-54 -66.5,-54 -68,-55.6 -68,-57.2 -68,-58.8 -68,-60.4 -68,-62 -68,-63.6 -68,-65.2 -68,-66.8 -68,-68.4 -68,-70 -68,-70 -66.5,-70 -65,-70 -63.5,-70 -62,-70 -60.5,-70 -59,-70 -57.5,-70 -56,-70 -54.5,-70 -53))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Because of extreme isolation of the Antarctic continent since the Early Oligocene, one expects a unique invertebrate benthic fauna with a high degree of endemism. Yet some invertebrate taxa that constitute important ecological components of sedimentary benthic communities include more than 40 percent non-endemic species (e.g., benthic polychaetes). To account for non-endemic species, intermittent genetic exchange must occur between Antarctic and other (e.g. South American) populations. The most likely mechanism for such gene flow, at least for in-faunal and mobile macrobenthos, is dispersal of planktonic larvae across the sub- Antarctic and Antarctic polar fronts. To test for larval dispersal as a mechanism of maintaining genetic continuity across polar fronts, the scientists propose to (1) take plankton samples along transects across Drake passage during both the austral summer and winter seasons while concurrently collecting the appropriate hydrographic data. Such data will help elucidate the hydrographic mechanisms that allow dispersal across Drake Passage. Using a molecular phylogenetic approach, they will (2) compare seemingly identical adult forms from Antarctic and South America continents to identify genetic breaks, historical gene flow, and control for the presence of cryptic species. (3) Similar molecular tools will be used to relate planktonic larvae to their adult forms. Through this procedure, they propose to link the larval forms respectively to their Antarctic or South America origins. The proposed work builds on previous research that provides the basis for this effort to develop a synthetic understanding of historical gene flow and present day dispersal mechanism in South American/Drake Passage/Antarctic Peninsular region. Furthermore, this work represents one of the first attempts to examine recent gene flow in Antarctic benthic invertebrates. Graduate students and a postdoctoral fellow will be trained during this research.", "east": -54.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62 -60.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; R/V Laurence M. Gould; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -53.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Scheltema, Rudolf", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Relevance of Planktonic Larval Dispersal to Endemism and Biogeography of Antarctic Benthic Invertebrates", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000189", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Relevance of Planktonic Larval Dispersal to Endemism and Biogeography of Antarctic Benthic Invertebrates"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.0, "title": "Relevance of Planktonic Larval Dispersal to Endemism and Biogeography of Antarctic Benthic Invertebrates", "uid": "600035", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "0338097 DiTullio, Giacomo", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-169.94 -52.24,-169.449 -52.24,-168.958 -52.24,-168.467 -52.24,-167.976 -52.24,-167.485 -52.24,-166.994 -52.24,-166.503 -52.24,-166.012 -52.24,-165.521 -52.24,-165.03 -52.24,-165.03 -54.879,-165.03 -57.518,-165.03 -60.157,-165.03 -62.796,-165.03 -65.435,-165.03 -68.074,-165.03 -70.713,-165.03 -73.352,-165.03 -75.991,-165.03 -78.63,-165.521 -78.63,-166.012 -78.63,-166.503 -78.63,-166.994 -78.63,-167.485 -78.63,-167.976 -78.63,-168.467 -78.63,-168.958 -78.63,-169.449 -78.63,-169.94 -78.63,-169.94 -75.991,-169.94 -73.352,-169.94 -70.713,-169.94 -68.074,-169.94 -65.435,-169.94 -62.796,-169.94 -60.157,-169.94 -57.518,-169.94 -54.879,-169.94 -52.24))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The objectives of this proposal are to investigate the controls on the large-scale distribution and production of the two major bloom-forming phytoplankton taxa in the Southern Ocean, diatoms and Phaeocystis Antarctica. These two groups, through their involvement in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, sulfur and nutrient elements, may have played important roles in the climate variations of the late Quaternary, and they also may be key players in future environmental change. A current paradigm is that irradiance and iron availability drive phytoplankton dynamics in the Southern Ocean. Recent work, however, suggests that carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations may also be important in structuring algal assemblages, due to species-specific differences in the physiology. This proposal examines the interactive effects of iron, light and CO2 on the physiology, ecology and relative dominance of Phaeocystis and diatoms in the Southern Ocean. The Ross Sea is an ideal system in which to investigate the environmental factors that regulate the distribution and production of these two algal groups, since it is characterized by seasonal blooms of both P. Antarctica and diatoms that are typically separated in both space and time. This study will take the form of an interdisciplinary investigation that includes a field survey and statistical analysis of algal assemblage composition, iron, mixed layer depth, and CO2 levels in the southern Ross Sea, coupled with shipboard experiments to examine the response of diatom and P. Antarctica assemblages to high and low levels of iron, light and CO2 during spring and summer. This project will provide information on some of the major factors controlling the production and distribution of the two major bloom forming phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean and the related biogeochemical cycling of carbon, sulfur and nutrient elements. The results may ultimately advance the ability to predict how the Southern Ocean will be affected by and possibly modulate future climate change. This project will also make significant educational contributions at several levels, including the planned research involvement of graduate and undergraduate students, postdoctoral associates, a student teacher, and community outreach and educational activities. A number of activities are planned to interface the project with K-12 education. Presentations will be made at local schools to discuss the research and events of the research cruise. During the cruise there will be daily interactive email contact with elementary classrooms. Established websites will be used to allow students to learn about the ongoing research, and to allow researchers to communicate with students through text and downloaded images.", "east": -165.03, "geometry": ["POINT(-167.485 -65.435)"], "keywords": "Biota; Chemistry:Fluid; Diatom; Oceans; Phytoplankton; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -52.24, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "DiTullio, Giacomo", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Interactive Effects of Iron, Light and Carbon Dioxide on Phytoplankton Community Dynamics in the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000540", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Interactive Effects of Iron, Light and Carbon Dioxide on Phytoplankton Community Dynamics in the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.63, "title": "Interactive Effects of Iron, Light and Carbon Dioxide on Phytoplankton Community Dynamics in the Ross Sea", "uid": "600036", "west": -169.94}, {"awards": "0440687 Costa, Daniel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64 -60,-63 -60,-62 -60,-61 -60,-60 -60,-59 -60,-58 -60,-57 -60,-56 -60,-55 -60,-54 -60,-54 -60.4,-54 -60.8,-54 -61.2,-54 -61.6,-54 -62,-54 -62.4,-54 -62.8,-54 -63.2,-54 -63.6,-54 -64,-55 -64,-56 -64,-57 -64,-58 -64,-59 -64,-60 -64,-61 -64,-62 -64,-63 -64,-64 -64,-64 -63.6,-64 -63.2,-64 -62.8,-64 -62.4,-64 -62,-64 -61.6,-64 -61.2,-64 -60.8,-64 -60.4,-64 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "As long-lived animals, marine mammals must be capable of accommodating broad variations in food resources over large spatial and temporal scales. While this is true of all marine mammals, variation in the physical and biological environmental is particularly profound in the Southern Ocean. A basic understanding of the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of pelagic predators requires knowledge of this spatial and temporal variation, coupled with information of how they respond to these changes. Current understanding of these associations is primarily limited to population level studies where animal abundance has been correlated with oceanography. Although these studies are informative, they cannot provide insights into the strategies employed by individual animals nor can they provide insights into the spatial or temporal course of these interactions. Recent technological advances in instrumentation make it possible to extend an understanding beyond the simple linkage of prey and predator distributions with environmental features. The key to understanding the processes that lead to high predator abundance is the identification of the specific foraging behaviors associated with different features of the water column. This study will accomplish these objectives by combining accurate positional data, measures of diving and foraging behavior, animal-derived water-column temperature and salinity data, and available oceanographic data. This project will examine the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of two species of contrasting foraging ecology, the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, and the crabeater seal, Lobodon carcinophagus in the Western Antarctic Peninsula, a region of strong environmental gradients. Although these two species are phylogenetically related, they utilize substantially different but adjacent habitat types. Southern elephant seals are predominantly pelagic, moving throughout the southern ocean, venturing occasionally into the seasonal pack ice whereas crabeater seals range throughout the seasonal pack ice, venturing occasionally into open water. The relationship of specific foraging behaviors and animal movement patterns to oceanographic and bathymetric features develop and test models of the importance of these features in defining habitat use will be determined along with a comparison of how individuals of each species respond to annual variability in the marine environment. The physical oceanography of the Southern Ocean is inherently complex as are the biological processes that are intrinsically linked to oceanographic processes. Significant resources are currently being directed toward developing mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes with the goals of better understanding the role that the Southern Ocean plays in global climate processes, predicting the responses of ocean and global scale processes to climate change, and understanding the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. These efforts have been limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data in the region, especially at high latitudes in the winter months. This study will provide new and significant oceanographic data on temperature and salinity profiles in to further the understanding of the dynamics of the upper water column of west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf waters. Outreach activities include website development and an association with a marine education program at the Monterrey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.\n", "east": -54.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-59 -62)"], "keywords": "Bellingshausen Sea; Biota; Oceans; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Bellingshausen Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Klinck, John M.; Crocker, Daniel; Goebel, Michael; Hofmann, Eileen; Costa, Daniel", "project_titles": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000082", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.0, "title": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection", "uid": "600044", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "0840375 Costa, Daniel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64 -60,-63 -60,-62 -60,-61 -60,-60 -60,-59 -60,-58 -60,-57 -60,-56 -60,-55 -60,-54 -60,-54 -60.4,-54 -60.8,-54 -61.2,-54 -61.6,-54 -62,-54 -62.4,-54 -62.8,-54 -63.2,-54 -63.6,-54 -64,-55 -64,-56 -64,-57 -64,-58 -64,-59 -64,-60 -64,-61 -64,-62 -64,-63 -64,-64 -64,-64 -63.6,-64 -63.2,-64 -62.8,-64 -62.4,-64 -62,-64 -61.6,-64 -61.2,-64 -60.8,-64 -60.4,-64 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Long-lived animals such as elephant seals may endure variation in food resources over large spatial and temporal scales. Understanding how they respond to these fluctuations requires knowledge of how their foraging behavior and habitat utilization varies over time. Advances in satellite-linked data logging have made it possible to correlate the foraging behavior of marine mammals with their physical and chemical environment and provide insight into the mechanisms controlling at-sea movements, foraging behavior and, ultimately, reproductive success of these pelagic predators. In addition, these technological advances enable marine mammals to be used as highly cost-effective platforms from which detailed oceanographic data can be collected on a scale not possible with conventional methods. The project will extend the four-year-time-series collected on the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) foraging in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. It also will extend the oceanographic time-series of CTD profiles collected by the elephant seals foraging from the Livingston Island rookery. Seals have been collecting CTD profiles in the vicinity of the Wilkins Ice Shelf (WIS) since 2005. We thus have a 4 year data set that preceding and during the breakup of the WIS that occurred during March 2008. Deployment of additional tags on seals will provide a unique opportunity to collect oceanographic data after the ice shelf has collapsed.", "east": -54.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-59 -62)"], "keywords": "Biota; CTD Data; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Goebel, Michael; Costa, Daniel", "project_titles": "SGER: Foraging Patterns of Elephant Seals in the Vicinity of the WIlkins Ice Shelf", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000158", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "SGER: Foraging Patterns of Elephant Seals in the Vicinity of the WIlkins Ice Shelf"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.0, "title": "SGER: Foraging Patterns of Elephant Seals in the Vicinity of the WIlkins Ice Shelf", "uid": "600108", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "0836112 Smith, Walker", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-170 -69,-163 -69,-156 -69,-149 -69,-142 -69,-135 -69,-128 -69,-121 -69,-114 -69,-107 -69,-100 -69,-100 -70,-100 -71,-100 -72,-100 -73,-100 -74,-100 -75,-100 -76,-100 -77,-100 -78,-100 -79,-107 -79,-114 -79,-121 -79,-128 -79,-135 -79,-142 -79,-149 -79,-156 -79,-163 -79,-170 -79,-170 -78,-170 -77,-170 -76,-170 -75,-170 -74,-170 -73,-170 -72,-170 -71,-170 -70,-170 -69))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Convincing evidence now confirms that polar regions are changing rapidly in response to human activities. Changes in sea ice extent and thickness will have profound implications for productivity, food webs and carbon fluxes at high latitudes, since sea ice biota are a significant source of biogenic matter for the ecosystem. While sea ice is often thought to be a barrier to gas exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, it more likely functions as a source or sink for climate-active gases such as carbon dioxide and ozone-depleting organohalogens, due in part to activities of microbes embedded in the sea ice matrix. This project brings together experienced US and Swedish investigators to examine the controls by sea-ice biota on the production and degradation of key climate-active gases in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. We hypothesize that 1) the physical properties of the sea-ice environment will determine the community structure and activities of the sea ice biota; 2) the productivity, biomass, physiological state and species composition of ice algae will determine the production of specific classes of organic carbon, including organohalogens; 3) heterotrophic co-metabolism within the ice will break down these compounds to some extent, depending on the microbial community structure and productivity, and 4) the sea ice to atmosphere fluxes of CO2 and organohalogens will be inversely related. This project will build close scientific collaborations between US and Swedish researchers and also train young scientists, including members of underrepresented groups. Dissemination of results will include the scientific literature, and public outreach venues including interactions with a PolarTrec teacher.\n", "east": -100.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-135 -74)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Chemistry:Fluid; CTD Data; Oceans; Oden; Oden2008; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Sea Surface; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -69.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Smith, Walker", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Controls on climate-active gases by Amundsen Sea ice biota", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000137", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Controls on climate-active gases by Amundsen Sea ice biota"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.0, "title": "Controls on Climate-Active Gases by Amundsen Sea Ice Biota", "uid": "600092", "west": -170.0}, {"awards": "9024544 Andreas, Edgar", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-53.8 -61.2,-52.74 -61.2,-51.68 -61.2,-50.62 -61.2,-49.56 -61.2,-48.5 -61.2,-47.44 -61.2,-46.38 -61.2,-45.32 -61.2,-44.26 -61.2,-43.2 -61.2,-43.2 -62.22,-43.2 -63.24,-43.2 -64.26,-43.2 -65.28,-43.2 -66.3,-43.2 -67.32,-43.2 -68.34,-43.2 -69.36,-43.2 -70.38,-43.2 -71.4,-44.26 -71.4,-45.32 -71.4,-46.38 -71.4,-47.44 -71.4,-48.5 -71.4,-49.56 -71.4,-50.62 -71.4,-51.68 -71.4,-52.74 -71.4,-53.8 -71.4,-53.8 -70.38,-53.8 -69.36,-53.8 -68.34,-53.8 -67.32,-53.8 -66.3,-53.8 -65.28,-53.8 -64.26,-53.8 -63.24,-53.8 -62.22,-53.8 -61.2))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Location: Ice camp on perennial sea ice in the southwestern corner of the Weddell Sea, Antarctic\n\nThe first direct radiative and turbulent surface flux measurements ever made over floating Antarctic sea ice. The data are from Ice Station Weddell as it drifted in the western Weddell Sea from February to late May 1992.\n\nData Types:\n\nHourly measurements of the turbulent surface fluxes of momentum and sensible and latent heat by eddy covariance at a height of 4.65 m above snow-covered sea ice. Instruments were a 3-axis sonic anemometer/thermometer and a Lyman-alpha hygrometer.\n\nHourly, surface-level measurements of the four radiation components: in-coming and out-going longwave and shortwave radiation. Instruments were hemispherical pyranometers and pyrgeometers.\n\nHourly mean values of standard meteorological variables: air temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, surface temperature. Instruments were a propeller-vane for wind speed and direction and cooled-mirror dew-point hygrometers and platinum resistance thermometers for dew-points and temperatures. Surface temperature came from a Barnes PRT-5 infrared thermometer.\n\nFlux Data\nThe entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named ISW_Flux_Data.zip\nThe main data file is comma delimited.\nThe README file is ASCII.\nThe associated reprints of publications are in pdf.\n\nRadiosounding data: On Ice Station Weddell, typically twice a day from 21 February through 4 June 1992 made with both tethered (i.e., only boundary-layer profiles) and (more rarely) free-flying sondes that did not measure wind speed. (168 soundings).\n\nISW Radiosoundings\nThe entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named ISW_Radiosounding.zip.\nThe README file is in ASCII.\nTwo summary files that include the list of sounding and the declinations are in ASCII.\nThe 168 individual sounding files are in ASCII.\nTwo supporting publications that describe the data and some analyses are in pdf.\n\nRadiosounding data collected from the Russian ship Akademic Fedorov from 26 May through 5 June 1992 at 6-hourly intervals as it approached Ice Station Weddell from the north. These soundings include wind vector, temperature, humidity, and pressure. (40 soundings)\n\nAkademic Federov Radiosoundings\nThe entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named Akad_Federov_Radiosounding.zip.\nThe README file is in ASCII.\nA summary file that lists the soundings is in ASCII.\nThe 40 individual sounding files are in ASCII.\nTwo supporting publications that describe the data and some analyses are in pdf.\n\n\nDocumentation:\n\nAndreas, E. L, and K. J. Claffey, 1995: Air-ice drag coefficients in the western Weddell Sea: 1. Values deduced from profile measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 4821\u20134831.\n\nAndreas, E. L, K. J. Claffey, and A. P. Makshtas, 2000: Low-level atmospheric jets and inversions over the western Weddell Sea. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 97, 459\u2013486.\n\nAndreas, E. L, R. E. Jordan, and A. P. Makshtas, 2004: Simulations of snow, ice, and near-surface atmospheric processes on Ice Station Weddell. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5, 611\u2013624.\n\nAndreas, E. L, R. E. Jordan, and A. P. Makshtas, 2005: Parameterizing turbulent exchange over sea ice: The Ice Station Weddell results. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 114, 439\u2013460.\n\nAndreas, E. L, P. O. G. Persson, R. E. Jordan, T. W. Horst, P. S. Guest, A. A. Grachev, and C. W. Fairall, 2010: Parameterizing turbulent exchange over sea ice in winter. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 11, 87\u2013104.\n\nClaffey, K. J., E. L Andreas, and A. P. Makshtas, 1994: Upper-air data collected on Ice Station Weddell. Special Report 94-25, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 62 pp.\n\nISW Group, 1993: Weddell Sea exploration from ice station. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 74, 121\u2013126.\n\nMakshtas, A. P., E. L Andreas, P. N. Svyaschennikov, and V. F. Timachev, 1999: Accounting for clouds in sea ice models. Atmospheric Research, 52, 77\u2013113.", "east": -43.2, "geometry": ["POINT(-48.5 -66.3)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Critical Zone; Meteorology; Oceans; Radiosounding; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -61.2, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Andreas, Edgar", "project_titles": "Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000655", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -71.4, "title": "Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station", "uid": "600141", "west": -53.8}, {"awards": "0808947 Hofmann, Gretchen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-160 -70,-159 -70,-158 -70,-157 -70,-156 -70,-155 -70,-154 -70,-153 -70,-152 -70,-151 -70,-150 -70,-150 -70.7,-150 -71.4,-150 -72.1,-150 -72.8,-150 -73.5,-150 -74.2,-150 -74.9,-150 -75.6,-150 -76.3,-150 -77,-151 -77,-152 -77,-153 -77,-154 -77,-155 -77,-156 -77,-157 -77,-158 -77,-159 -77,-160 -77,-160 -76.3,-160 -75.6,-160 -74.9,-160 -74.2,-160 -73.5,-160 -72.8,-160 -72.1,-160 -71.4,-160 -70.7,-160 -70))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This Small Grant for Exploratory Research (SGER) will support the rapid acquisition of DNA sequence for the Antarctic pteropod Limacina helicina, a resource that would allow the development of a cDNA microarray to profile gene expression in this critical marine invertebrate in response to ocean acidification. This request would facilitate the collaboration of the PI (Hofmann), a marine molecular ecologist, with co-PI, Prof. Victoria Fabry, an expert in pteropod calcification biology, and a leader in the ocean acidification research community. Finally, the resources developed here would be shared with the polar research community and all DNA sequence data and protocols would be available via web databases. Notably, the genomic tool developed here would most likely be useful for pteropods from Antarctic and Arctic waters. The broader impacts of this project would be the development of genomic tools for a critical Antarctic marine invertebrate that is threatened by ocean acidification. In addition, these resources would be shared with the polar biology research community.", "east": -150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-155 -73.5)"], "keywords": "Biota; Genomics; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -70.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Fabry, Victoria; Hofmann, Gretchen", "project_titles": "Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000213", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods", "uid": "600088", "west": -160.0}, {"awards": "0801392 Swanson, Brian", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The primary objective of this research is to investigate polar marine psychrophilic bacteria for their potential to nucleate ice using a combination of microbiological, molecular biological and atmospheric science approaches in the laboratory. Very little is known about how psychrophiles interact and cope with ice or their adaptations to conditions of extreme cold and salinity. This work will involve a series of laboratory experiments using a novel freeze-tube technique for assaying freezing spectra which will provide quantitative information on: (i) the temperature-dependent freezing rates for heterogeneously frozen droplets containing sea-ice bacteria, (ii) the proportional occurrence of ice-nucleation activity versus anti-freeze activity among sea-ice bacterial isolates and (iii) the temperature-dependent freezing rates of bacteria with ice-nucleation activity grown at a range of temperatures and salinities. The compound(s) responsible for the observed activity will be identified, which is an essential step towards the development of an in-situ bacterial ice-nucleation detection assay that can be applied in the field to Antarctic water and cloud samples. One of the goals of this work is to better understand survival and cold adaptation processes of polar marine bacteria confronted with freezing conditions in sea ice. Since sea ice strongly impacts polar, as well as the global climates, this research is of significant interest because it will also provide data for accessing the importance of bacterial ice nucleation in the formation of sea ice. These measurements of ice-nucleation rates will be the first high-resolution measurements for psychrophilic marine bacteria. Another goal is to better understand the impact of bacterial ice initiation processes in polar clouds by making high-resolution measurements of nucleation rates for cloud bacteria found over Arctic and Antarctic regions. Initial measurements indicate these bacteria nucleate ice at warmer temperatures and the effect in polar regions may be quite important, since ice can strongly impact cloud dynamics, cloud radiative properties, precipitation formation, and cloud chemistry. If these initial measurements are confirmed, the data collected here will be important for improving the understanding of polar cloud processes and models. A third goal is to better understand the molecular basis of marine bacterial ice nucleation by characterizing the ice-nucleation compound and comparing it with those of known plant-derived ice-nucleating bacteria, which are the only ice-nucleating bacteria examined in detail to date. The proposed activity will support the beginning academic career of a post-doctoral researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects. Results from this research will be widely published in various scientific journals and outreach venues.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Biota; Microbiology; Oceans; Raman Spectroscopy; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Swanson, Brian", "project_titles": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000195", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles", "uid": "600087", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0649609 Horning, Markus", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165.975 -77.54,166.0631 -77.54,166.1512 -77.54,166.2393 -77.54,166.3274 -77.54,166.4155 -77.54,166.5036 -77.54,166.5917 -77.54,166.6798 -77.54,166.7679 -77.54,166.856 -77.54,166.856 -77.5709,166.856 -77.6018,166.856 -77.6327,166.856 -77.6636,166.856 -77.6945,166.856 -77.7254,166.856 -77.7563,166.856 -77.7872,166.856 -77.8181,166.856 -77.849,166.7679 -77.849,166.6798 -77.849,166.5917 -77.849,166.5036 -77.849,166.4155 -77.849,166.3274 -77.849,166.2393 -77.849,166.1512 -77.849,166.0631 -77.849,165.975 -77.849,165.975 -77.8181,165.975 -77.7872,165.975 -77.7563,165.975 -77.7254,165.975 -77.6945,165.975 -77.6636,165.975 -77.6327,165.975 -77.6018,165.975 -77.5709,165.975 -77.54))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The primary objectives of this research are to investigate the proximate effects of aging on diving capability in the Weddell Seal and to describe mechanisms by which aging may influence foraging ecology, through physiology and behavior. This model pinniped species has been the focus of three decades of research in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Compared to the knowledge of pinniped diving physiology and ecology during early development and young adulthood, little is known about individuals nearing the upper limit of their normal reproductive age range. Evolutionary aging theories predict that elderly diving seals should exhibit senescence. This should be exacerbated by surges in the generation of oxygen free radicals via hypoxia-reoxygenation during breath-hold diving and hunting, which are implicated in age-related damage to cellular mitochondria. Surprisingly, limited observations of non-threatened pinniped populations indicate that senescence does not occur to a level where reproductive output is affected. The ability of pinnipeds to avoid apparent senescence raises two major questions: what specific physiological and morphological changes occur with advancing age in pinnipeds; and what subtle adjustments are made by these animals to cope with such changes? This investigation will focus on specific, functional physiological and behavioral changes relating to dive capability with advancing age. Data will be compared between Weddell seals in the peak, and near the end, of their reproductive age range. The investigators will quantify age-related changes in general health and body condition, combined with fine scale assessments of external and internal ability to do work in the form of diving. Specifically, patterns of muscle morphology, oxidant status and oxygen storage with age will be examined. The effects of age on skeletal muscular function and exercise performance will also be examined. The investigators hypothesize that senescence does occur in Weddell seals at the level of small-scale, proximate physiological effects and performance, but that behavioral plasticity allows for a given degree of compensation. Broader impacts include the training of students and outreach activities including interviews and articles written for the popular media. This study should also establish diving seals as a novel model for the study of cardiovascular and muscular physiology of aging and develop a foundation for similar research on other species. Advancement of the understanding of aging by medical science has been impressive in recent years but basic mammalian aging is an area of study the still requires considerable effort. The development of new models for the study of aging has tremendous potential benefits to society at large.", "east": 166.856, "geometry": ["POINT(166.4155 -77.6945)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; McMurdo; Oceans; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "McMurdo; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -77.54, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Horning, Markus", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Aging in Weddell Seals: Proximate Mechanisms of Age-Related Changes in Adaptations to Breath-Hold Hunting in an Extreme Environment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000487", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Aging in Weddell Seals: Proximate Mechanisms of Age-Related Changes in Adaptations to Breath-Hold Hunting in an Extreme Environment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.849, "title": "Aging in Weddell Seals: Proximate Mechanisms of Age-Related Changes in Adaptations to Breath-Hold Hunting in an Extreme Environment", "uid": "600071", "west": 165.975}, {"awards": "0636730 Vernet, Maria", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-55 -52,-53.5 -52,-52 -52,-50.5 -52,-49 -52,-47.5 -52,-46 -52,-44.5 -52,-43 -52,-41.5 -52,-40 -52,-40 -53.3,-40 -54.6,-40 -55.9,-40 -57.2,-40 -58.5,-40 -59.8,-40 -61.1,-40 -62.4,-40 -63.7,-40 -65,-41.5 -65,-43 -65,-44.5 -65,-46 -65,-47.5 -65,-49 -65,-50.5 -65,-52 -65,-53.5 -65,-55 -65,-55 -63.7,-55 -62.4,-55 -61.1,-55 -59.8,-55 -58.5,-55 -57.2,-55 -55.9,-55 -54.6,-55 -53.3,-55 -52))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.\n", "east": -40.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.5 -58.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; NBP0902; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -52.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Vernet, Maria", "project_titles": "Collaborative Reseach: Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000532", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Reseach: Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600068", "west": -55.0}, {"awards": "0636723 Helly, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-55 -52,-53.5 -52,-52 -52,-50.5 -52,-49 -52,-47.5 -52,-46 -52,-44.5 -52,-43 -52,-41.5 -52,-40 -52,-40 -53.3,-40 -54.6,-40 -55.9,-40 -57.2,-40 -58.5,-40 -59.8,-40 -61.1,-40 -62.4,-40 -63.7,-40 -65,-41.5 -65,-43 -65,-44.5 -65,-46 -65,-47.5 -65,-49 -65,-50.5 -65,-52 -65,-53.5 -65,-55 -65,-55 -63.7,-55 -62.4,-55 -61.1,-55 -59.8,-55 -58.5,-55 -57.2,-55 -55.9,-55 -54.6,-55 -53.3,-55 -52))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.", "east": -40.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.5 -58.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; NBP0902; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -52.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Helly, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000511", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Free-Drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600067", "west": -55.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": "Biota; Oceans", "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Leopard Seal counts 1997-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600010", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0436190 Eastman, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Patterns of biodiversity, as revealed by basic research in organismal biology, may be derived from ecological and evolutionary processes expressed in unique settings, such as Antarctica. The polar regions and their faunas are commanding increased attention as declining species diversity, environmental change, commercial fisheries, and resource management are now being viewed in a global context. Commercial fishing is known to have a direct and pervasive effect on marine biodiversity, and occurs in the Southern Ocean as far south as the Ross Sea. The nature of fish biodiversity in the Antarctic is different than in all other ocean shelf areas. Waters of the Antarctic continental shelf are ice covered for most of the year and water temperatures are nearly constant at -1.5 C. In these waters components of the phyletically derived Antarctic clade of Notothenioids dominate fish diversity. In some regions, including the southwestern Ross Sea, Notothenioids are overwhelmingly dominant in terms of number of species, abundance, and biomass. Such dominance by a single taxonomic group is unique among shelf faunas of the world. In the absence of competition from a taxonomically diverse fauna, Notothenioids underwent a habitat or depth related diversification keyed to the utilization of unfilled niches in the water column, especially pelagic or partially pelagic zooplanktivory and piscivory. This has been accomplished in the absence of a swim bladder for buoyancy control. They also may form a special type of adaptive radiation known as a species flock, which is an assemblage of a disproportionately high number of related species that have evolved rapidly within a defined area where most species are endemic. Diversification in buoyancy is the hallmark of the notothenioid radiation. Buoyancy is the feature of notothenioid biology that determines whether a species lives on the substrate, in the water column or both. Buoyancy also influences other key aspects of life history including swimming, feeding and reproduction and thus has implications for the role of the species in the ecosystem. With similarities to classic evolutionary hot spots, the Antarctic shelf and its Notothenioid radiation merit further exploration. The 2004 \u0027International Collaborative Expedition to collect and study Fish Indigenous to Sub-Antarctic Habitats,\u0027 or, \u0027ICEFISH,\u0027 provided a platform for collection of notothenioid fishes from sub-Antarctic waters between South America and Africa, which will be examined in this project. This study will determine buoyancy for samples of all notothenioid species captured during the ICEFISH cruise. This essential aspect of the biology is known for only 19% of the notothenioid fauna. Also, the gross and microscopic anatomy of brains and sense organs of the phyletically basal families Bovichtidae, Eleginopidae, and of the non-Antarctic species of the primarily Antarctic family Nototheniidae will be examined. The fish biodiversity and endemicity in poorly known localities along the ICEFISH cruise track, seamounts and deep trenches will be quantified. Broader impacts include improved information for comprehending and conserving biodiversity, a scientific and societal priority.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Biota; NBP0404; Oceans; R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Eastman, Joseph", "project_titles": "Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000106", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "uid": "600038", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0437887 Sidell, Bruce", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The polar ocean presently surrounding Antarctica is the coldest, most thermally stable marine environment on earth. Because oxygen solubility in seawater is inversely proportional to temperature, the cold Antarctic seas are an exceptionally oxygen-rich aquatic habitat. Eight families of a single perciform suborder, the Notothenioidei, dominate the present fish fauna surrounding Antarctica. Notothenioids account for approximately 35% of fish species and 90% of fish biomass south of the Antarctic Polar Front. Radiation of closely related notothenioid species thus has occurred rapidly and under a very unusual set of conditions: relative oceanographic isolation from other faunas due to circumpolar currents and deep ocean trenches surrounding the continent, chronically, severely cold water temperatures, very high oxygen availability, very low levels of niche competition in a Southern Ocean depauperate of species subsequent to a dramatic crash in species diversity of fishes that occurred sometime between the mid-Tertiary and present. These features make Antarctic notothenioid fishes an uniquely attractive group for the study of physiological and biochemical adaptations to cold body temperature. Few distinctive features of Antarctic fishes are as unique as the pattern of expression of oxygen-binding proteins in one notothenioid family, the Channichthyidae (Antarctic icefishes). All channichthyid icefishes lack the circulating oxygen-binding protein, hemoglobin (Hb); the intracellular oxygen-binding protein, myoglobin (Mb) is not uniformly expressed in species of this family. Both proteins are normally considered essential for adequate delivery of oxygen to aerobically poised tissues of animals. To compensate for the absence of Hb, icefishes have developed large hearts, rapidly circulate a large blood volume and possess elaborate vasculature of larger lumenal diameter than is seen in red-blooded fishes. Loss of Mb expression in oxidative muscles correlates with dramatic elevation in density of mitochondria within the cell, although each individual organelle is less densely packed with respiratory proteins. Within the framework of oxygen movement, the adaptive significance of greater vascular density and mitochondrial populations is understandable but mechanisms underlying development of these characteristics remain unknown. The answer may lie in another major function of both Hb and Mb, degradation of the ubiquitous bioactive compound, nitric oxide (NO). The research will test the hypothesis that loss of hemoprotein expression in icefishes has resulted in an increase in levels of NO that mediate modification of vascular systems and expansion of mitochondrial populations in oxidative tissues. The objectives of the proposal are to quantify the vascular density of retinas in +Hb and -Hb notothenioid species, to characterize NOS isoforms and catalytic activity in retina and cardiac muscle of Antarctic notothenioid fishes, to evaluate level of expression of downstream factors implicat ed in angiogenesis (in retinal tissue) and mitochondrial biogenesis (in cardiac muscle), and to determine whether inhibition of NOS in vivo results in regression of angiogenic and mitochondrial biogenic responses in icefishes. Broader impacts range from basic biology, through training of young scientists, to enhanced understanding of clinically relevant biomedical processes.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Biota; Oceans; Pot; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean; Trawl", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Sidell, Bruce", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000527", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis", "uid": "600039", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0440478 Tang, Kam", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.66267 -77.85067)"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Phaeocystis Antarctica is a widely distributed phytoplankton that forms dense blooms and aggregates in the Southern Ocean. This phytoplankton and plays important roles in polar ecology and biogeochemistry, in part because it is a dominant primary producer, a main component of organic matter vertical fluxes, and the principal producer of volatile organic sulfur in the region. Yet P. Antarctica is also one of the lesser known species in terms of its physiology, life history and trophic relationships with other organisms; furthermore, information collected on other Phaeocystis species and from different locations may not be applicable to P. Antarctica in the Ross Sea. P. Antarctica occurs mainly as two morphotypes: solitary cells and mucilaginous colonies, which differ significantly in size, architecture and chemical composition. Relative dominance between solitary cells and colonies determines not only the size spectrum of the population, but also its carbon dynamics, nutrient uptake and utilization. Conventional thinking of the planktonic trophic processes is also challenged by the fact that colony formation could effectively alter the predator-prey interactions and interspecific competition. However, the factors that regulate the differences between solitary and colonial forms of P. Antarctica are not well-understood. \n\nThe research objective of this proposal is therefore to address these over-arching questions: \n1. Do P. Antarctica solitary cells and colonies differ in growth, composition and photosynthetic rates? 2. How do nutrients and grazers affect colony development and size distribution of P. Antarctica? \n3. How do nutrients and grazers act synergistically to affect the long-term population dynamics of P. Antarctica? \n\nExperiments will be conducted in the McMurdo station with natural P. Antarctica assemblages and co-occurring grazers. Laboratory experiments will be conducted to study size-specific growth and photosynthetic rates of P. Antarctica, size-specific grazing mortality due to microzooplankton and mesozooplankton, the effects of macronutrients on the (nitrogen compounds) relative dominance of solitary cells and colonies, and the effects of micronutrient (Fe) and grazing related chemical signals on P. Antarctica colony development. Because this species is of critical importance in the Southern Ocean, and because this research will provide critical information on factors that regulate the role of P.Antarctica in food webs and biogeochemical cycles, a major gap in knowledge will be addressed. This project will train two marine science Ph.D. students. The investigators will also collaborate with the School of Education and a marine science museum to communicate polar science to a broader audience.", "east": 166.66267, "geometry": ["POINT(166.66267 -77.85067)"], "keywords": "Biota; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Phytoplankton; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Zooplankton", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.85067, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Smith, Walker; Tang, Kam", "project_titles": "Environmental and Ecological Regulation of Differences and Interactions between Solitary and Colonial forms of Phaeocystis antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000214", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Environmental and Ecological Regulation of Differences and Interactions between Solitary and Colonial forms of Phaeocystis antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.85067, "title": "Environmental and Ecological Regulation of Differences and Interactions between Solitary and Colonial Forms of Phaeocystis Antarctica", "uid": "600043", "west": 166.66267}, {"awards": "0125098 Emslie, Steven", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-50 -60,-29 -60,-8 -60,13 -60,34 -60,55 -60,76 -60,97 -60,118 -60,139 -60,160 -60,160 -63,160 -66,160 -69,160 -72,160 -75,160 -78,160 -81,160 -84,160 -87,160 -90,139 -90,118 -90,97 -90,76 -90,55 -90,34 -90,13 -90,-8 -90,-29 -90,-50 -90,-50 -87,-50 -84,-50 -81,-50 -78,-50 -75,-50 -72,-50 -69,-50 -66,-50 -63,-50 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project will build on previous studies to investigate the occupation history and diet of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) in the Ross Sea region, Antarctica, with excavations of abandoned and active penguin colonies. Numerous active and abandoned colonies exist on the Victoria Land coast, from Cape Adare to Marble Point will be sampled. Some of these sites have been radiocarbon-dated and indicate a long occupation history for Adelie penguins extending to 13,000 years before present (B. P.). The material recovered from excavations, as demonstrated from previous investigations, will include penguin bones, tissue, and eggshell fragments as well as abundant remains of prey (fish bones, otoliths, squid beaks) preserved in ornithogenic (formed from bird guano) soils. These organic remains will be quantified and subjected to radiocarbon analyses to obtain a colonization history of penguins in this region. Identification of prey remains in the sediments will allow assessment of penguin diet. \n\nOther data (ancient DNA) from these sites will be analyzed through collaboration with New Zealand scientists. Past climatic conditions will be interpreted from published ice-core and marine-sediment records. These data will be used to test the hypothesis that Adelie penguins respond to climate change, past and present, in a predictable manner. In addition, the hypothesis that Adelie penguins alter their diet in accordance with climate, sea-ice conditions, and other marine environmental variables along a latitudinal gradient will be tested. Graduate and undergraduate students will be involved in this project and a project Web site will be developed to report results and maintain educational interaction between the PI and students at local middle and high schools in Wilmington, NC.", "east": 160.0, "geometry": ["POINT(55 -75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Geochronology; Oceans; Paleoclimate; Penguin; Radiocarbon; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Emslie, Steven", "project_titles": "Occupation History and Diet of Adelie Penguins in the Ross Sea Region", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000220", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Occupation History and Diet of Adelie Penguins in the Ross Sea Region"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Occupation History and Diet of Adelie Penguins in the Ross Sea Region", "uid": "600028", "west": -50.0}, {"awards": "0538594 Ponganis, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165.983 -77.683,166.0164 -77.683,166.0498 -77.683,166.0832 -77.683,166.1166 -77.683,166.15 -77.683,166.1834 -77.683,166.2168 -77.683,166.2502 -77.683,166.2836 -77.683,166.317 -77.683,166.317 -77.6897,166.317 -77.6964,166.317 -77.7031,166.317 -77.7098,166.317 -77.7165,166.317 -77.7232,166.317 -77.7299,166.317 -77.7366,166.317 -77.7433,166.317 -77.75,166.2836 -77.75,166.2502 -77.75,166.2168 -77.75,166.1834 -77.75,166.15 -77.75,166.1166 -77.75,166.0832 -77.75,166.0498 -77.75,166.0164 -77.75,165.983 -77.75,165.983 -77.7433,165.983 -77.7366,165.983 -77.7299,165.983 -77.7232,165.983 -77.7165,165.983 -77.7098,165.983 -77.7031,165.983 -77.6964,165.983 -77.6897,165.983 -77.683))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The research will examine blood and muscle oxygen store depletion in relation to the documented aerobic dive limit (ADL, onset of post-dive blood lactate accumulation) in diving of emperor penguins. The intellectual merits of this proposal involve its evaluation of the physiological basis of the ADL concept. The ADL is probably the most commonly-used, but rarely measured, factor to interpret and model the behavior and foraging ecology of diving animals. Based on prior studies, and on recent investigations of respiratory and blood oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins, it is hypothesized that the ADL is a result of the depletion of myoglobin (Mb)-bound oxygen and increased glycolysis in the primary locomotory muscles. This project will accurately define the physiological mechanisms underlying the ADL through 1) evaluation of the rate and magnitude of muscle oxygen depletion during dives in relation to the previously measured ADL, 2) characterization of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve in blood of emperor penguins and comparison of that curve to those of other diving and non-diving species, 3) application of the emperor hemoglogin-oxygen dissociation curve to previously collected oxygen and hemoglobin data in order to estimate the rate and magnitude of blood oxygen depletion during dives, and 4) measurement of muscle phosphoocreatine and glycogen concentrations in order to estimate their potential contributions to muscle energy metabolism during diving. The project also continues the census and monitoring of the emperor colonies in the Ross Sea, which is especially important in light of both fisheries activity and the movement of iceberg B15-A. Broader impacts of the project include: 1) technological development of microprocessor-based, \u0027backpack\u0027 near-infrared spectrophotometer, which will be applicable not only to other species, but also to other fields (i.e., exercise physiology), 2) collaboration with the Department of Anesthesia at the U.S. Naval Hospital in San Diego in the training of anesthesia residents in research techniques, 3) the training and thesis research of two graduate students in these techniques and in Antarctic field research, and 4) a better understanding of the ADL concept and its use in the fields of diving behavior and physiology. In addition the annual census of emperor penguin colonies in the Ross Sea, in conjunction with the continued evaluation of previously developed remote cameras to monitor colony status, will form the basis of a new educational web site, and allow development of an educational outreach program to school children through SeaWorld of San Diego.", "east": 166.317, "geometry": ["POINT(166.15 -77.7165)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Penguin; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -77.683, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Ponganis, Paul", "project_titles": "The Aerobic Dive Limit: Oxygen Transport and Depletion in Emperor Penguins", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000535", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The Aerobic Dive Limit: Oxygen Transport and Depletion in Emperor Penguins"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.75, "title": "The Aerobic Dive Limit: Oxygen Transport and Depletion in Emperor Penguins", "uid": "600057", "west": 165.983}, {"awards": "0634682 Kanatous, Shane", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((160 -77,160.7 -77,161.4 -77,162.1 -77,162.8 -77,163.5 -77,164.2 -77,164.9 -77,165.6 -77,166.3 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.3 -78,165.6 -78,164.9 -78,164.2 -78,163.5 -78,162.8 -78,162.1 -78,161.4 -78,160.7 -78,160 -78,160 -77.9,160 -77.8,160 -77.7,160 -77.6,160 -77.5,160 -77.4,160 -77.3,160 -77.2,160 -77.1,160 -77))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "During the past three decades, intensive field studies have revealed much about the behavior, physiology, life history, and population dynamics of the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) population of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. These animals are marine predators that are highly adapted for an aquatic life in shore-fast and pack ice habitats. They must locate and capture sparsely distributed under the ice. Most of what is known about their diving behavior is based on studies of adult animals with little known about the development or the genetic controls of diving behavior of young animals. The goal of this project is to examine the temporal development of aerobic capacity, lipid metabolism and oxygen stores in the skeletal muscles of young Weddell seals and to determine which aspects of the cellular environment are important in the regulation of these adaptations during maturation. This project builds on past results to investigate the molecular controls that underlie the development of these adaptations. The first objective is to further characterize the ontogenetic changes in muscle aerobic capacity, lipid metabolism and myoglobin concentration and distribution using enzymatic, immuno-histochemical and myoglobin assays in newly weaned, subadult, and adult seals. The second objective is to determine the molecular controls that regulate these changes in aerobic capacity, fiber type distribution and myoglobin in skeletal muscles during maturation. Through subtractive hybridization and subsequent analysis, differences in mRNA populations in the swimming muscles of the different age classes of Weddell seals will be determined. These techniques will allow for the identification of the proteins and transcription factors that influence the ontogenetic changes in myoglobin concentration, fiber type distribution and aerobic capacity. These results will increase our understanding of both the ontogeny and molecular mechanisms by which young seals acquire the physiological capabilities to make deep (up to 700 m) and long aerobic dives (ca 20 min). This study will advance knowledge of the molecular regulation for the adaptations that enable active skeletal muscle to function under hypoxic conditions; this has a broader application for human medicine especially in regards to cardiac and pulmonary disease. Additional broader impacts include the participation of underrepresented scientists and a continuation of a website in collaboration with the Science Teachers Access to Resources at Southwestern University (STARS Program) which involves weekly updates about research efforts during the field season, weekly questions/answer session involving students and teachers, and updates on research results throughout the year.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(163.5 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Seals; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Sea Surface; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Lyons, W. Berry; Kanatous, Shane", "project_titles": "The Molecular Signals that Regulate the Ontogeny of Aerobic Capacity, Lipid Metabolism and Elevated Myoglobin Concentrations in the Skeletal Muscles of Weddell Seals", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000536", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The Molecular Signals that Regulate the Ontogeny of Aerobic Capacity, Lipid Metabolism and Elevated Myoglobin Concentrations in the Skeletal Muscles of Weddell Seals"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "The Molecular Signals that Regulate the Ontogeny of Aerobic Capacity, Lipid Metabolism and Elevated Myoglobin Concentrations in the Skeletal Muscles of Weddell Seals", "uid": "600063", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "0739496 Miller, Molly", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163.41667 -77.33333,163.46667 -77.33333,163.51667 -77.33333,163.56667 -77.33333,163.61667 -77.33333,163.66667 -77.33333,163.71667 -77.33333,163.76667 -77.33333,163.81667 -77.33333,163.86667 -77.33333,163.91667 -77.33333,163.91667 -77.369997,163.91667 -77.406664,163.91667 -77.443331,163.91667 -77.479998,163.91667 -77.516665,163.91667 -77.553332,163.91667 -77.589999,163.91667 -77.626666,163.91667 -77.663333,163.91667 -77.7,163.86667 -77.7,163.81667 -77.7,163.76667 -77.7,163.71667 -77.7,163.66667 -77.7,163.61667 -77.7,163.56667 -77.7,163.51667 -77.7,163.46667 -77.7,163.41667 -77.7,163.41667 -77.663333,163.41667 -77.626666,163.41667 -77.589999,163.41667 -77.553332,163.41667 -77.516665,163.41667 -77.479998,163.41667 -77.443331,163.41667 -77.406664,163.41667 -77.369997,163.41667 -77.33333))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project answers a simple question: why are there so few fossils in sediment cores from Antarctica\u0027s continental shelf? Antarctica\u0027s benthos are as biologically rich as those of the tropics. Shell-secreting organisms should have left a trail throughout geologic time, but have not. This trail is particularly important because these organisms record regional climate in ways that are critical to interpreting the global climate record. This study uses field experiments and targeted observations of modern benthic systems to examine the biases inflicted by fossil preservation. By examining a spectrum of ice-affected habitats, this project provides paleoenvironmental insights into carbonate preservation, sedimentation rates, and burial processes; and will provide new approaches to reconstructing the Cenozoic history of Antarctica. Broader impacts include graduate and undergraduate research and education, development of undergraduate curricula to link art and science, K12 outreach, public outreach via the web, and societal relevance through improved understanding of records of global climate change.", "east": 163.91667, "geometry": ["POINT(163.66667 -77.516665)"], "keywords": "Biota; Geochronology; Marine Sediments; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -77.33333, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Furbish, David; Miller, Molly", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000203", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.7, "title": "Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores", "uid": "600076", "west": 163.41667}, {"awards": "0739512 Walker, Sally", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project answers a simple question: why are there so few fossils in sediment cores from Antarctica\u0027s continental shelf? Antarctica\u0027s benthos are as biologically rich as those of the tropics. Shell-secreting organisms should have left a trail throughout geologic time, but have not. This trail is particularly important because these organisms record regional climate in ways that are critical to interpreting the global climate record. This study uses field experiments and targeted observations of modern benthic systems to examine the biases inflicted by fossil preservation. By examining a spectrum of ice-affected habitats, this project provides paleoenvironmental insights into carbonate preservation, sedimentation rates, and burial processes; and will provide new approaches to reconstructing the Cenozoic history of Antarctica. Broader impacts include graduate and undergraduate research and education, development of undergraduate curricula to link art and science, K12 outreach, public outreach via the web, and societal relevance through improved understanding of records of global climate change.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Sample/Collection Description", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Walker, Sally", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores; Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000203", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010238", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores", "uid": "600077", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0741380 Smith, Walker", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-160 -65,-154 -65,-148 -65,-142 -65,-136 -65,-130 -65,-124 -65,-118 -65,-112 -65,-106 -65,-100 -65,-100 -66.1,-100 -67.2,-100 -68.3,-100 -69.4,-100 -70.5,-100 -71.6,-100 -72.7,-100 -73.8,-100 -74.9,-100 -76,-106 -76,-112 -76,-118 -76,-124 -76,-130 -76,-136 -76,-142 -76,-148 -76,-154 -76,-160 -76,-160 -74.9,-160 -73.8,-160 -72.7,-160 -71.6,-160 -70.5,-160 -69.4,-160 -68.3,-160 -67.2,-160 -66.1,-160 -65))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The research will examine the relative importance of the physical and chemical controls on phytoplankton dynamics and carbon flux in continental margin regions of the Southern Ocean, and elucidate mechanisms by which plankton populations and carbon export might be altered by climate change. We specifically will address (1) how the phytoplankton on the continental margins of the southern Ocean respond to spatial and temporal changes in temperature, light, iron supply, and carbon dioxide levels, (2) how these factors initiate changes in phytoplankton assemblage structure, and (3) how carbon export and the efficiency of the biological pump are impacted by the biomass and composition of the phytoplankton. Two regions of study (the Amundsen and Ross Seas) will be investigated, one well studied (Ross Sea) and one poorly described (Amundsen Sea). It is hypothesized that each region will have markedly different physical forcing, giving rise to distinct chemical conditions and therefore biological responses. As such, the comparison of the two may give us insights into the mechanisms of how Antarctic continental margins will respond under changing environmental conditions. Broader impacts include participation by an international graduate student from Brazil, outreach via seminars to the general public, collaboration with the teachers-in-residence on the cruise, development of a cruise web site and interactive email exchanges with local middle school students while at sea.", "east": -100.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-130 -70.5)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Chemistry:Fluid; CTD Data; Geochemistry; Oceans; Oden; OSO2007; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -65.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Smith, Walker", "project_titles": "Small Grants for Exploratory Research - Oceanographic Research in the Amundsen and Ross Seas:", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000217", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Small Grants for Exploratory Research - Oceanographic Research in the Amundsen and Ross Seas:"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.0, "title": "Small Grants for Exploratory Research - Oceanographic Research in the Amundsen and Ross Seas", "uid": "600085", "west": -160.0}, {"awards": "0742057 Gallager, Scott", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-168.291 -64.846,-165.018 -64.846,-161.745 -64.846,-158.472 -64.846,-155.199 -64.846,-151.926 -64.846,-148.653 -64.846,-145.38 -64.846,-142.107 -64.846,-138.834 -64.846,-135.561 -64.846,-135.561 -66.0269,-135.561 -67.2078,-135.561 -68.3887,-135.561 -69.5696,-135.561 -70.7505,-135.561 -71.9314,-135.561 -73.1123,-135.561 -74.2932,-135.561 -75.4741,-135.561 -76.655,-138.834 -76.655,-142.107 -76.655,-145.38 -76.655,-148.653 -76.655,-151.926 -76.655,-155.199 -76.655,-158.472 -76.655,-161.745 -76.655,-165.018 -76.655,-168.291 -76.655,-168.291 -75.4741,-168.291 -74.2932,-168.291 -73.1123,-168.291 -71.9314,-168.291 -70.7505,-168.291 -69.5696,-168.291 -68.3887,-168.291 -67.2078,-168.291 -66.0269,-168.291 -64.846))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The research will continue and extend the study in the Southern Ocean that was initiated during the Oden Southern Ocean 2006 expedition in collaboration with Swedish scientist Mellissa Chierici. We will quantify carbon flux through the food web in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) by measuring size fractionated primary and secondary production, grazing and carbon flux through nanoplankton (2-20 um), microplankton (20-200um), and mesoplankton (200-2000 um). Community structure, species abundance and size specific grazing rates will be quantified using a variety of techniques both underway and at ice stations along the MIZ. The proposed cruise track extends across the Drake Passage to the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) with three station transects along a gradient from the open ocean through the marginal ice zone (MIZ) in the Bellinghausen and Amundsen Seas and into the Ross Sea Polynya. Ice stations along each transect will provide material to characterize production associated with annual ice. Underway measurements of primary and secondary production (chlorophyll, CDOM, microplankton, and mesoplankton) and hydrography (temperature, salinity, pH, DO, turbidity) will establish a baseline for future cruises and as support for other projects such as biogeochemical studies on carbon dioxide drawdown and trace metal work on primary production. The outcome of these measurements will be a description of nano to mesoplankton standing stocks, community structure, and carbon flux along the MIZ in the Bellinghausen and Amundsen Seas and the Ross Sea Polynya.", "east": -135.561, "geometry": ["POINT(-151.926 -70.7505)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Biota; Microbiology; Navigation; Oceans; Oden; OSO2007; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.846, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Dennett, Mark; Gallager, Scott", "project_titles": "SGER: Primary and Secondary Production and Carbon Flux Through the Microbial Community Along the Western Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone on the Oden Southern Ocean 2007 Expeditions", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000563", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "SGER: Primary and Secondary Production and Carbon Flux Through the Microbial Community Along the Western Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone on the Oden Southern Ocean 2007 Expeditions"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.655, "title": "SGER: Primary and Secondary Production and Carbon Flux Through the Microbial Community Along the Western Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone on the Oden Southern Ocean 2007 Expeditions", "uid": "600086", "west": -168.291}, {"awards": "0229546 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(168 -78)"], "date_created": "Fri, 28 Nov 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Since November of 2005, 12 thermistors were planted in the upper 2.5 meters of the firn on iceberg C16, Antarctica. Temperature data are collected every 20 minutes and are transmitted via ARGOS satellite relay. Data are intended to provide a view of how firn temperatures change as an iceberg moves north into warmer climate.", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(168 -78)"], "keywords": "Glaciology; Iceberg; Oceans; Ross Ice Shelf; Sea Ice; Snow/Ice; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Ross Ice Shelf; Southern Ocean", "north": -78.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Thom, Jonathan; Sergienko, Olga; MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000117", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Iceberg Firn Temperatures, Antarctica", "uid": "609352", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "0229546 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(168 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 25 Nov 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Time series of tiltmeter observations (tilt about two horizontal axes in microradians) for a 34 day period on iceberg C16 while it was aground near Ross Island in late 2001 to early 2002. Data shows tilts associated with differential basal melting of the iceberg, tidal motion and short-term tilts induced by iceberg tremor phenomena triggered by collisions between B15A and C16. The sample rate was 5 seconds. Data are available in comma-delimited ASCII format. Data are available via FTP.", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(168 -77)"], "keywords": "Glaciology; Iceberg; Oceans; Ross Ice Shelf; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Tiltmeter", "locations": "Ross Ice Shelf; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kim, Young-Jin; Bliss, Andrew; MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000117", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Iceberg Tiltmeter Measurements, Antarctica", "uid": "609353", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "0229546 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-178 -60,-149.2 -60,-120.4 -60,-91.6 -60,-62.8 -60,-34 -60,-5.2 -60,23.6 -60,52.4 -60,81.2 -60,110 -60,110 -61.8,110 -63.6,110 -65.4,110 -67.2,110 -69,110 -70.8,110 -72.6,110 -74.4,110 -76.2,110 -78,81.2 -78,52.4 -78,23.6 -78,-5.2 -78,-34 -78,-62.8 -78,-91.6 -78,-120.4 -78,-149.2 -78,-178 -78,-178 -76.2,-178 -74.4,-178 -72.6,-178 -70.8,-178 -69,-178 -67.2,-178 -65.4,-178 -63.6,-178 -61.8,-178 -60))"], "date_created": "Mon, 20 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "During 2001-2006, 6 giant icebergs (B15A, B15J, B15K, C16 and C25) adrift in the southwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica, were instrumented with global positioning system (GPS) receivers, magnetic compasses and automatic weather stations (AWS), to monitor their behavior in the near-coastal environment and to record their exit into the Southern Ocean. The GPS and AWS data were collected on a 20-minute interval, Many of the station data timeseries are continuous for periods of up to 7 years, with icebergs C16 and B15J having the longest records.\n\nThe data is considered useful for examining the processes of iceberg drift (and other behaviors) on time scales that are shorter than what is possible through satellite image iceberg tracking. Data are available in comma-delimited ASCII format and Matlab native mat files.", "east": 110.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-34 -69)"], "keywords": "AWS; Glaciology; GPS; Iceberg; Meteorology; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; WeatherStation", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Okal, Emile; Aster, Richard; Bassis, Jeremy; MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000117", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Giant Icebergs of the Ross Sea, in situ Drift and Weather Measurements, Antarctica", "uid": "609350", "west": -178.0}, {"awards": "0229546 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(168 -77)"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Seismometers were placed on a 25 km by 50 km iceberg called C16 in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, to identify the Iceberg harmonic Tremor (IHT) source mechanism and to understand the relevance of IHT to iceberg calving, drift and break-up. The seismic observations reveal that the IHT signal consists of extended episodes of stick-slip icequakes (typically thousands per hour) generated when the ice-cliff edges of two tabular icebergs rub together during glancing, strike/slip type iceberg collisions (e.g., between C16 and B15A). With the source mechanism revealed, IHT may provide a promising signal useful for the study of iceberg behavior and iceberg-related processes such as climate-induced ice-shelf disintegration.\n\nHere, a single day of seismometer data for a single station on iceberg C16 is provided as an example of \"a day in the life of an iceberg\" for use by scientists and students wishing to know more about IHT. The station data is from C16 \"B\" site on C16\u0027s northeast corner, and the day is 27 December, 2003, a day when B15A struck C16 and caused an episode of tremor that was particularly easy to identify and understand. \n\nThis represents only a small fraction of the total data that exist for the seismic program on iceberg C16. The full data are archived at the IRIS data center (where seismic data is commonly archived). This one-day data set is to provide glaciologists with ready access to a good example of IHT that they can use for teaching and for demonstration purposes. Data are available in comma-delimited ASCII format and Matlab native mat files. Data are available via FTP.", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(168 -77)"], "keywords": "Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciology; Iceberg; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Seismometer; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Okal, Emile; Aster, Richard; Bassis, Jeremy; MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000117", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Iceberg Harmonic Tremor, Seismometer Data, Antarctica", "uid": "609349", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "0238281 Marsh, Adam", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -77,163.4 -77,163.8 -77,164.2 -77,164.6 -77,165 -77,165.4 -77,165.8 -77,166.2 -77,166.6 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.6 -78,166.2 -78,165.8 -78,165.4 -78,165 -78,164.6 -78,164.2 -78,163.8 -78,163.4 -78,163 -78,163 -77.9,163 -77.8,163 -77.7,163 -77.6,163 -77.5,163 -77.4,163 -77.3,163 -77.2,163 -77.1,163 -77))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Although we envision the coastal margins of Antarctica as an extreme environment challenging to the existence of life, there are many marine invertebrates that are adapted to live and thrive under the sea ice. For two field seasons, the SCUBA diving activities of this project routinely involved photographing these animals in all the dive locations as a way to document what we observed as the dominant organisms at each site. Ice diving is very strenuous for humans, and often the constraints of managing the work on a dive, monitoring air reserves, tracking proximity to the dive hole, and the 50 minute exposure to subfreezing temperatures limits a divers ability to \"catalog\" observations that are not essential to the current dive plan. The photographs archived here have provided the project\u0027s dive team with the ability to \"debrief\" following a dive and more or less reenact the dive by moving through the photograph images. Studying these images often served as a visual trigger for divers to recall more specific observations and in many cases details in the photographs were captured without the photographer (A. Marsh) realizing that they were there (such as small, cryptic species hiding in a shadow until the strobe light fires for the photo, illuminating these secondary subjects). These photographs are intended to serve as a record of what organisms we encountered in the McMurdo Sound area in 2004 and 2005. All photographs were taken with a Nikon D-70 in a polycarbonate underwater housing using either a 18 mm (wide) or 60 mm (macro) lens.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Photo/Video; Southern Ocean", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Marsh, Adam G.", "project_titles": "CAREER: Genomic Networks for Cold-Adaptation in Embryos of Polar Marine Invertebrates", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000240", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "CAREER: Genomic Networks for Cold-Adaptation in Embryos of Polar Marine Invertebrates"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Marine Invertebrates of McMurdo Sound", "uid": "600034", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "0229638 Ponganis, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -77,163.4 -77,163.8 -77,164.2 -77,164.6 -77,165 -77,165.4 -77,165.8 -77,166.2 -77,166.6 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.6 -78,166.2 -78,165.8 -78,165.4 -78,165 -78,164.6 -78,164.2 -78,163.8 -78,163.4 -78,163 -78,163 -77.9,163 -77.8,163 -77.7,163 -77.6,163 -77.5,163 -77.4,163 -77.3,163 -77.2,163 -77.1,163 -77))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri, is the premier avian diver and a top predator in the Antarctic ecosystem. The routine occurrence of 500-m diver during foraging trips to sea is both a physiological and behavior enigma. The objectives of this project address how and why emperors dive as deep and long as they do. The project examines four major topics in the diving biology of emperor penguins: pressure tolerance, oxygen store management, end-organ tolerance of diving hypoxemia/ischemia, and deep-dive foraging behavior. These subjects are relevant to the role of the emperor as a top predator in the Antarctic ecosystem, and to critical concepts in diving physiology, including decompression sickness, nitrogen narcosis, shallow water blackout, hypoxemic tolerance, and extension of aerobic dive time. The following hypotheses will be tested: 1) Prevention of nitrogen narcosis and decompression sickness in emperor penguins is achieved by inhibition of pulmonary gas exchange at depth. 2) Shallow water black out does not occur because of greater cerebral hypoxemic tolerance, and, in deep dives, because of resumption of pulmonary gas exchange during final ascent. 3) The rate of depletion of the blood oxygen store is a function of depth of dive and heart rate. 4) The aerobic dive limit (ADL) reflects the onset of lactate accumulation in locomotory muscle, not total depletion of all oxygen stores. 5) Elevation of tissue antioxidant capacity and free-radical scavenging enzyme activities protect against the routine ischemia/reperfusion which occur during diving. 6) During deep dives, the Antarctic silverfish, Pleuorogramma antarcticum, is the primary prey item for emperors. In addition to evaluation of the hypotheses below, the project has broader impacts in several areas such as partnership with foreign and national institutes and organizations (e.g., the National Institute of Polar Research of Japan, Centro de Investigacioines del Noroeste of Mexico, National Geographic, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Sea World). Participation in National Geographic television documentaries will provide unique educational opportunities for the general public; development of state-of-the-art technology (e.g., blood oxygen electrode recorders, blood samplers, and miniaturized digital cameras) will lay the groundwork for future research by this group and others; and the effects of the B15 iceberg on breeding success of emperor penguins will continue to be evaluated with population censuses during planned fieldwork at several Ross Sea emperor penguin colonies.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Penguin; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Ponganis, Paul", "project_titles": "Diving Physiology and Behavior of Emperor Penguins", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000239", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Diving Physiology and Behavior of Emperor Penguins"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Diving Physiology and Behavior of Emperor Penguins", "uid": "600031", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "0127022 Jeffrey, Wade", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((167 -74.4,168.36 -74.4,169.72 -74.4,171.08 -74.4,172.44 -74.4,173.8 -74.4,175.16 -74.4,176.52 -74.4,177.88 -74.4,179.24 -74.4,180.6 -74.4,180.6 -74.735,180.6 -75.07,180.6 -75.405,180.6 -75.74,180.6 -76.075,180.6 -76.41,180.6 -76.745,180.6 -77.08,180.6 -77.415,180.6 -77.75,179.24 -77.75,177.88 -77.75,176.52 -77.75,175.16 -77.75,173.8 -77.75,172.44 -77.75,171.08 -77.75,169.72 -77.75,168.36 -77.75,167 -77.75,167 -77.415,167 -77.08,167 -76.745,167 -76.41,167 -76.075,167 -75.74,167 -75.405,167 -75.07,167 -74.735,167 -74.4))", "POLYGON((159.8 -43.3,161.8 -43.3,163.8 -43.3,165.8 -43.3,167.8 -43.3,169.8 -43.3,171.8 -43.3,173.8 -43.3,175.8 -43.3,177.8 -43.3,179.8 -43.3,179.8 -45.65,179.8 -48,179.8 -50.35,179.8 -52.7,179.8 -55.05,179.8 -57.4,179.8 -59.75,179.8 -62.1,179.8 -64.45,179.8 -66.8,177.8 -66.8,175.8 -66.8,173.8 -66.8,171.8 -66.8,169.8 -66.8,167.8 -66.8,165.8 -66.8,163.8 -66.8,161.8 -66.8,159.8 -66.8,159.8 -64.45,159.8 -62.1,159.8 -59.75,159.8 -57.4,159.8 -55.05,159.8 -52.7,159.8 -50.35,159.8 -48,159.8 -45.65,159.8 -43.3))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Data from five research cruises from OPP grant entitled \"Interactive Effects of UV and Vertical Mixing on Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity of Ross Sea Phaeocystis Bloom (OPP0127022). The first two cruises were ships of opportunity cruises in the Pacific Ocean, the first collecting data between Valapariso, Chile and San Diego, CA (October 2002). The second and third cruises combined to provide data in a transect from 70 N to 68 S latitude in the Pacific ocean (August - November 2003). The remaining two cruises were to the Ross Sea, the first in December 2004 - January 2005 and the last from October - November 2005. Data presented include microbial biomass (bacterial direct counts) and chlorophyll a concentrations, bacterial production (as leucine or thymidine incorporation), solar irradiance data, CTD profiles, and one set of under water diffuse attenuation coefficients of for the Ross Sea.", "east": 180.6, "geometry": ["POINT(173.8 -76.075)", "POINT(169.8 -55.05)"], "keywords": "Biota; Chemistry:Fluid; CTD Data; Microbiology; Oceans; Phytoplankton; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -43.3, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Jeffrey, Wade H.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Proposal: Interactive Effects of UV Radiation and Vertical Mixing on Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity of Ross See Phaeocystis Blooms", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000578", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Proposal: Interactive Effects of UV Radiation and Vertical Mixing on Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity of Ross See Phaeocystis Blooms"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.75, "title": "Interactive Effects of UV Radiation and Vertical Mixing on Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity of Ross Sea Phaeocystis Blooms", "uid": "600029", "west": 159.8}]
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Dataset Title/Abstract/Map | NSF Award(s) | Date Created | PIs / Scientists | Project Links | Abstract | Bounds Geometry | Geometry | Selected | Visible |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Carbon and nitrogen isotope data along a gradient at the Antarctic Peninsula
|
1744602 |
2023-01-10 | Iken, Katrin |
Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity |
The purpose of this dataset was to determine the importance of macroalgal primary producers to the coastal invertebrate food webs along a gradient of sites with increasing mean annual sea ice cover. This dataset contains the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values, in addition to carbon and nitrogen content, of various coastal primary producers and invertebrate consumers from 15 stations along the Antarctic Peninsula from 64 to 69 degree latitude south collected in 2019. Primary producers included multiple species of macroalgae, particulate organic matter (POM) as a proxy of phytoplankton production, and benthic diatoms (where they occurred). Consumers included various benthic invertebrates of different feeding types, from suspension feeders (like sponges and ascidians) to predators/omnivores (like sea stars). | ["POLYGON((-68 -64.5,-67.5 -64.5,-67 -64.5,-66.5 -64.5,-66 -64.5,-65.5 -64.5,-65 -64.5,-64.5 -64.5,-64 -64.5,-63.5 -64.5,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.95,-63 -65.4,-63 -65.85,-63 -66.3,-63 -66.75,-63 -67.2,-63 -67.65,-63 -68.1,-63 -68.55,-63 -69,-63.5 -69,-64 -69,-64.5 -69,-65 -69,-65.5 -69,-66 -69,-66.5 -69,-67 -69,-67.5 -69,-68 -69,-68 -68.55,-68 -68.1,-68 -67.65,-68 -67.2,-68 -66.75,-68 -66.3,-68 -65.85,-68 -65.4,-68 -64.95,-68 -64.5))"] | ["POINT(-65.5 -66.75)"] | false | false |
Monthly Stratification Climatology (1978-2021) in Antarctic Coastal Polynyas
|
1643735 2021245 |
2022-12-12 | Li, Yun; Shunk, Nathan; Zhang, Weifeng |
Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability |
Coastal Antarctic polynyas are regions with concentrated phytoplankton blooms, and therefore have important implications for marine ecosystems and the associated carbon cycles. Seasonal water-column stratification, regulated by sea ice, can modulate the exposure of phytoplankton to light and nutrients, and is one of the most important factors that control the duration and strength of algal blooms. Polynyas differ greatly in their stratification, thus are not equally productive in terms of phytoplankton biomass, nor equally vulnerable to the changes in regional climate. To date, most studies have been focusing on individual polynyas, yet a systematic assessment of stratification patterns across polynyas is still lacking. Therefore, we examined the spatial and seasonal variability of stratification in circum-Antarctic coastal polynyas. Using >105 in situ hydrographic casts combined from the World Ocean Database (1970-2021) and the Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole Consortium Database (2004-2017), we constructed stratification seasonal climatology using 0-100 m Simpson Energy. Our results showed that stratification magnitude varies by a factor of 6 and its onset time displays 1-2 months difference across all the polynyas. In the presence of warmer water at depths, polynyas tend to develop stronger stratification than others. The spatial variations of stratification are negatively related to sea ice retreat rate and polynya size, indicative of distinct dynamics resulted from the interaction of sea ice melting, advection and water-column mixing. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -61.8,180 -63.6,180 -65.4,180 -67.2,180 -69,180 -70.8,180 -72.6,180 -74.4,180 -76.2,180 -78,144 -78,108 -78,72 -78,36 -78,0 -78,-36 -78,-72 -78,-108 -78,-144 -78,-180 -78,-180 -76.2,-180 -74.4,-180 -72.6,-180 -70.8,-180 -69,-180 -67.2,-180 -65.4,-180 -63.6,-180 -61.8,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Plocamium transect and transplant data
|
1341333 1341339 |
2022-11-22 | Amsler, Charles |
Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing |
Data from Sabrina Heiser's study of Plocamium sp. benthic transect and transplant studies. | ["POLYGON((-64.3622 -64.72805,-64.325087 -64.72805,-64.287974 -64.72805,-64.250861 -64.72805,-64.213748 -64.72805,-64.176635 -64.72805,-64.139522 -64.72805,-64.102409 -64.72805,-64.065296 -64.72805,-64.028183 -64.72805,-63.99107 -64.72805,-63.99107 -64.74691299999999,-63.99107 -64.765776,-63.99107 -64.784639,-63.99107 -64.803502,-63.99107 -64.82236499999999,-63.99107 -64.841228,-63.99107 -64.860091,-63.99107 -64.878954,-63.99107 -64.897817,-63.99107 -64.91668,-64.028183 -64.91668,-64.065296 -64.91668,-64.102409 -64.91668,-64.139522 -64.91668,-64.176635 -64.91668,-64.213748 -64.91668,-64.250861 -64.91668,-64.287974 -64.91668,-64.325087 -64.91668,-64.3622 -64.91668,-64.3622 -64.897817,-64.3622 -64.878954,-64.3622 -64.860091,-64.3622 -64.841228,-64.3622 -64.82236499999999,-64.3622 -64.803502,-64.3622 -64.784639,-64.3622 -64.765776,-64.3622 -64.74691299999999,-64.3622 -64.72805))"] | ["POINT(-64.176635 -64.82236499999999)"] | false | false |
Underwater video transect community analysis data
|
1744550 1744570 1744602 1744584 |
2022-11-17 | Amsler, Charles |
Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity |
This dataset consists of a file with results of community analyses from underwater video transects along the benthos at 14 sites between the Joubin Islands in the north and the Terra Firma Islands in the south. | ["POLYGON((-67.77137 -64.77195,-67.3795463 -64.77195,-66.9877226 -64.77195,-66.59589890000001 -64.77195,-66.2040752 -64.77195,-65.8122515 -64.77195,-65.4204278 -64.77195,-65.0286041 -64.77195,-64.6367804 -64.77195,-64.2449567 -64.77195,-63.853133 -64.77195,-63.853133 -65.16396350000001,-63.853133 -65.555977,-63.853133 -65.9479905,-63.853133 -66.34000400000001,-63.853133 -66.73201750000001,-63.853133 -67.124031,-63.853133 -67.5160445,-63.853133 -67.90805800000001,-63.853133 -68.3000715,-63.853133 -68.692085,-64.2449567 -68.692085,-64.6367804 -68.692085,-65.0286041 -68.692085,-65.4204278 -68.692085,-65.8122515 -68.692085,-66.2040752 -68.692085,-66.59589890000001 -68.692085,-66.9877226 -68.692085,-67.3795463 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.3000715,-67.77137 -67.90805800000001,-67.77137 -67.5160445,-67.77137 -67.124031,-67.77137 -66.73201750000001,-67.77137 -66.34000400000001,-67.77137 -65.9479905,-67.77137 -65.555977,-67.77137 -65.16396350000001,-67.77137 -64.77195))"] | ["POINT(-65.8122515 -66.73201750000001)"] | false | false |
Antarctic Seawater d18O isotope data from SE Amundsen Sea: 2000, 2007, 2009, 2019, 2020
|
1644118 1644159 |
2022-09-23 | Hennig, Andrew |
Estimation of Antarctic Ice Melt using Stable Isotopic Analyses of Seawater West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions |
Seawater d18O and hydrographic data (temperature, salinity, oxygen where available) for 5 cruises to the Amundsen Sea in 2000, 2007, 2009, 2019, 2020 | ["POLYGON((-108 -73,-107.1 -73,-106.2 -73,-105.3 -73,-104.4 -73,-103.5 -73,-102.6 -73,-101.7 -73,-100.8 -73,-99.9 -73,-99 -73,-99 -73.3,-99 -73.6,-99 -73.9,-99 -74.2,-99 -74.5,-99 -74.8,-99 -75.1,-99 -75.4,-99 -75.7,-99 -76,-99.9 -76,-100.8 -76,-101.7 -76,-102.6 -76,-103.5 -76,-104.4 -76,-105.3 -76,-106.2 -76,-107.1 -76,-108 -76,-108 -75.7,-108 -75.4,-108 -75.1,-108 -74.8,-108 -74.5,-108 -74.2,-108 -73.9,-108 -73.6,-108 -73.3,-108 -73))"] | ["POINT(-103.5 -74.5)"] | false | false |
Underwater transect videos used for community analyses
|
1744550 |
2022-09-23 | Amsler, Charles |
Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity |
This dataset consists of underwater videos of transects along the benthos at 14 sites between the Joubin Islands in the north and the Terra Firma Islands in the south. These were used for community analyses of the benthic communities. | ["POLYGON((-67.77137 -64.77195,-67.3795463 -64.77195,-66.9877226 -64.77195,-66.59589890000001 -64.77195,-66.2040752 -64.77195,-65.8122515 -64.77195,-65.4204278 -64.77195,-65.0286041 -64.77195,-64.6367804 -64.77195,-64.2449567 -64.77195,-63.853133 -64.77195,-63.853133 -65.16396350000001,-63.853133 -65.555977,-63.853133 -65.9479905,-63.853133 -66.34000400000001,-63.853133 -66.73201750000001,-63.853133 -67.124031,-63.853133 -67.5160445,-63.853133 -67.90805800000001,-63.853133 -68.3000715,-63.853133 -68.692085,-64.2449567 -68.692085,-64.6367804 -68.692085,-65.0286041 -68.692085,-65.4204278 -68.692085,-65.8122515 -68.692085,-66.2040752 -68.692085,-66.59589890000001 -68.692085,-66.9877226 -68.692085,-67.3795463 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.3000715,-67.77137 -67.90805800000001,-67.77137 -67.5160445,-67.77137 -67.124031,-67.77137 -66.73201750000001,-67.77137 -66.34000400000001,-67.77137 -65.9479905,-67.77137 -65.555977,-67.77137 -65.16396350000001,-67.77137 -64.77195))"] | ["POINT(-65.8122515 -66.73201750000001)"] | false | false |
PIPERS Noble Gases
|
1744562 1341717 |
2022-09-15 | Loose, Brice |
Measuring Dissolved Gases to Reveal the Processes that Drive the Solubility Pump and Determine Gas Concentration in Antarctic Bottom Water Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica |
Discrete noble gases were collected by cold-welded copper tubes within the Amundsen and Ross Sea polynyas. | ["POLYGON((-180 -71,-179.9 -71,-179.8 -71,-179.7 -71,-179.6 -71,-179.5 -71,-179.4 -71,-179.3 -71,-179.2 -71,-179.1 -71,-179 -71,-179 -71.7,-179 -72.4,-179 -73.1,-179 -73.8,-179 -74.5,-179 -75.2,-179 -75.9,-179 -76.6,-179 -77.3,-179 -78,-179.1 -78,-179.2 -78,-179.3 -78,-179.4 -78,-179.5 -78,-179.6 -78,-179.7 -78,-179.8 -78,-179.9 -78,180 -78,177.5 -78,175 -78,172.5 -78,170 -78,167.5 -78,165 -78,162.5 -78,160 -78,157.5 -78,155 -78,155 -77.3,155 -76.6,155 -75.9,155 -75.2,155 -74.5,155 -73.8,155 -73.1,155 -72.4,155 -71.7,155 -71,157.5 -71,160 -71,162.5 -71,165 -71,167.5 -71,170 -71,172.5 -71,175 -71,177.5 -71,-180 -71))"] | ["POINT(168 -74.5)"] | false | false |
Diatom assemblage counts from NBP17-02 shipboard carboy experiments
|
1341464 |
2022-02-14 | Jones, Colin; Robinson, Rebecca; Riesselman, Christina; Robinson, Rebecca |
Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump |
Community composition data, generated in support of a field-based experimental investigation of the role of diatom assemblages in setting the isotopic composition of diatom bound N, show significant assemblage differences between ~66S and ~61S in the Southern Ocean during the late summer. | ["POLYGON((-170.4 -60.8,-170.36 -60.8,-170.32 -60.8,-170.28 -60.8,-170.24 -60.8,-170.2 -60.8,-170.16 -60.8,-170.12 -60.8,-170.08 -60.8,-170.04 -60.8,-170 -60.8,-170 -61.34,-170 -61.88,-170 -62.42,-170 -62.96,-170 -63.5,-170 -64.04,-170 -64.58,-170 -65.12,-170 -65.66,-170 -66.2,-170.04 -66.2,-170.08 -66.2,-170.12 -66.2,-170.16 -66.2,-170.2 -66.2,-170.24 -66.2,-170.28 -66.2,-170.32 -66.2,-170.36 -66.2,-170.4 -66.2,-170.4 -65.66,-170.4 -65.12,-170.4 -64.58,-170.4 -64.04,-170.4 -63.5,-170.4 -62.96,-170.4 -62.42,-170.4 -61.88,-170.4 -61.34,-170.4 -60.8))"] | ["POINT(-170.2 -63.5)"] | false | false |
Surface Southern Ocean community growouts to evaluate the diatom bound N isotope proxy
|
1341464 |
2022-02-14 | Jones, Colin; Robinson, Rebecca; Brzezinski, Mark; Riesselman, Christina; Closset, Ivia; Kelly, Roger; Robinson, Rebecca |
Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump |
Tracking variations in the surface ocean supply and demand of nitrate, a key marine nutrient, can help constrain the contribution of biological production in driving past climate shifts. The nitrogen isotopic composition (as δ15N) of organic matter in marine sediments is a proxy for surface ocean nitrate supply and demand over time but it may be subject to alteration during sinking and burial. The isotopic composition of nitrogen contained in the shells, or frustules, of diatoms (δ15NDB) is protected and is therefore a potentially more robust tracer of nitrate use in the past. Here we show that δ15NDB in Southern Ocean community cultures does not depend on species composition. We found the εDB (= biomass δ15N - δ15NDB) of the community growouts was -4.8 ± 0.8‰, more than 10‰ different from previous monospecific growouts, but statistically indistinguishable from previous Southern Ocean and North Pacific surface ocean observations. The two community growouts, seeded with populations from 66° and 61°S, had distinct community compositions but indistinguishable εDB, suggesting species composition does not primarily set δ15NDB values in the Southern Ocean. Our results demonstrate that under nitrate-replete conditions, δ15NDB values of frustules sinking from the surface ocean robustly track surface ocean nitrate δ15N values and therefore nitrate supply and demand. | ["POLYGON((-170.4 -60.8,-170.36 -60.8,-170.32 -60.8,-170.28 -60.8,-170.24 -60.8,-170.2 -60.8,-170.16 -60.8,-170.12 -60.8,-170.08 -60.8,-170.04 -60.8,-170 -60.8,-170 -61.34,-170 -61.88,-170 -62.42,-170 -62.96,-170 -63.5,-170 -64.04,-170 -64.58,-170 -65.12,-170 -65.66,-170 -66.2,-170.04 -66.2,-170.08 -66.2,-170.12 -66.2,-170.16 -66.2,-170.2 -66.2,-170.24 -66.2,-170.28 -66.2,-170.32 -66.2,-170.36 -66.2,-170.4 -66.2,-170.4 -65.66,-170.4 -65.12,-170.4 -64.58,-170.4 -64.04,-170.4 -63.5,-170.4 -62.96,-170.4 -62.42,-170.4 -61.88,-170.4 -61.34,-170.4 -60.8))"] | ["POINT(-170.2 -63.5)"] | false | false |
Gridded Values of Conservative Temperature and Absolute Salinity Around Antarctica averaged for the depth range 300 m to min([water depth, 1000]) m
|
1744789 1744792 |
2022-02-01 | Howard, Susan L.; Little, Chris; Sun, Qiang; Padman, Laurence | No project link provided | This dataset contains NetCDF files of two-dimensional gridded fields of hydrographic properties, Conservative Temperature (CT) and Absolute Salinity (SA), around Antarctica, depth-averaged for the depth range 300 m to min([water depth, 1000]) m from 38 CMIP6 models, the World Ocean Atlas 2018, and our own product developed from the World Ocean Database. These fields are designed to represent the hydrography of deeper water masses on the Antarctic Continental Shelf (ACS), where typical water depths are 400-600 m, and the intermediate-depth water off the continental shelf. The dataset includes a high-resolution polar-stereographic grid (2 x 2 km) of Southern Ocean geometry, including water depth, elevation of the land and ice-sheet surface (including ice shelves), a mask (identifying water, land and grounded ice, and ice shelves), and offshore distance from the continental shelf break. An example MATLAB script for accessing the grids and plotting them is included. The primary purpose of this dataset is to provide simplified 2-D hydrographic fields that can be used to assess the performance of climate models for the ACS, focusing on the depth range that affects most basal melting of Antarctica’s ice shelves. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Phylogenetic Analysis of Notoxcellia species.
|
1947040 |
2022-01-04 | Desvignes, Thomas; Varsani, Arvind; Postlethwait, John |
EAGER: Origin and Physiological Consequences of a Neoplasm Outbreak in Antarctic Fish |
Nucleic acid sequences, sequence alignments, model selection results, and phylogenetic trees from the phylogenetic placement of Notoxcellia species. | ["POLYGON((-63.1 -63.9,-63.02 -63.9,-62.94 -63.9,-62.86 -63.9,-62.78 -63.9,-62.7 -63.9,-62.62 -63.9,-62.54 -63.9,-62.46 -63.9,-62.38 -63.9,-62.3 -63.9,-62.3 -64.01,-62.3 -64.12,-62.3 -64.23,-62.3 -64.34,-62.3 -64.45,-62.3 -64.56,-62.3 -64.67,-62.3 -64.78,-62.3 -64.89,-62.3 -65,-62.38 -65,-62.46 -65,-62.54 -65,-62.62 -65,-62.7 -65,-62.78 -65,-62.86 -65,-62.94 -65,-63.02 -65,-63.1 -65,-63.1 -64.89,-63.1 -64.78,-63.1 -64.67,-63.1 -64.56,-63.1 -64.45,-63.1 -64.34,-63.1 -64.23,-63.1 -64.12,-63.1 -64.01,-63.1 -63.9))"] | ["POINT(-62.7 -64.45)"] | false | false |
LMG13-11 JKC-1 Paleoceanographic data
|
0732625 1433140 |
2021-11-15 | Shevenell, Amelia |
Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans |
This data set contains an age vs depth model and measurements of magnetic susceptibility, benthic foraminifera Bulimina aculeata d18O and d13C, bulk sediment GDGT data, and diatom assemblage data from USAP LMG13-11 JKC-1 sediment core (0-100 cm) archived at the Oregon State University ACC repository. All stable isotope and GDGT measurements were made at the University of South Florida College of Marine Science. Diatom assemblages were counted at Colgate University. The data set includes all replicate measurements. Details of the entire data set and all relevant methods are provided in Browne et al (submitted, 2021) | ["POLYGON((-69 -58,-67.7 -58,-66.4 -58,-65.1 -58,-63.8 -58,-62.5 -58,-61.2 -58,-59.9 -58,-58.6 -58,-57.3 -58,-56 -58,-56 -59,-56 -60,-56 -61,-56 -62,-56 -63,-56 -64,-56 -65,-56 -66,-56 -67,-56 -68,-57.3 -68,-58.6 -68,-59.9 -68,-61.2 -68,-62.5 -68,-63.8 -68,-65.1 -68,-66.4 -68,-67.7 -68,-69 -68,-69 -67,-69 -66,-69 -65,-69 -64,-69 -63,-69 -62,-69 -61,-69 -60,-69 -59,-69 -58))"] | ["POINT(-62.5 -63)"] | false | false |
Ross Island area DJF salinity and temperature records 1956-57 through 2019-20
|
1644159 |
2021-06-25 | Jacobs, Stanley; Giulivi, Claudia |
West Antarctic Ice Shelf- Ocean Interactions |
Salinity and temperature at 50 & 100 m intervals from profiles near Ross Island, Antarctica in 1936 and from 1956-57 through 2019-2020. | ["POLYGON((165 -76.5,165.6 -76.5,166.2 -76.5,166.8 -76.5,167.4 -76.5,168 -76.5,168.6 -76.5,169.2 -76.5,169.8 -76.5,170.4 -76.5,171 -76.5,171 -76.65,171 -76.8,171 -76.95,171 -77.1,171 -77.25,171 -77.4,171 -77.55,171 -77.7,171 -77.85,171 -78,170.4 -78,169.8 -78,169.2 -78,168.6 -78,168 -78,167.4 -78,166.8 -78,166.2 -78,165.6 -78,165 -78,165 -77.85,165 -77.7,165 -77.55,165 -77.4,165 -77.25,165 -77.1,165 -76.95,165 -76.8,165 -76.65,165 -76.5))"] | ["POINT(168 -77.25)"] | false | false |
Simulated changes in Southern Ocean salinity
|
1443347 |
2021-05-04 | Condron, Alan |
Collaborative Research: Assessing the Global Climate Response to Melting of the Antarctic Ice Sheet |
This dataset contains the MITgcm model output data presented in Ashley, K.E. et al., 2021. This dataset includes simulated spatial changes in sea surface salinity (SSS), time series data of salinity, and scatter plot data of SSS changes against meltwater discharge. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
High-resolution nearshore benthic seawater temperature from around McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)
|
1644196 |
2021-01-03 | Cziko, Paul |
Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes |
Nearshore benthic seawater temperature (plus pressure and salinity for some sites) in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica for 2017-2019. Data includes those from standalone temperature (sometimes pressure) for several sites around McMurdo Sound as well as data from the cabled McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory moored conductivity-temperature-depth (CTD) sensor at the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty. Data are from high precision SeaBird sensors (SBE56, SBE39, SBE19Plus and SBE37), with sample intervals from 90 sec to 15 min, depending on site. Sampled sites include Explorer's Cove at New Harbor, Cape Evans, Granite Harbor, and the McMurdo Station jetty. All sensors were deployed near or on the benthos at 20-25 m deep, in typical nearshore benthic fish and invertebrate habitat. | ["POLYGON((162.647931 -77.000624,163.049652 -77.000624,163.451373 -77.000624,163.853094 -77.000624,164.254815 -77.000624,164.656536 -77.000624,165.058257 -77.000624,165.459978 -77.000624,165.861699 -77.000624,166.26342 -77.000624,166.665141 -77.000624,166.665141 -77.0856883,166.665141 -77.1707526,166.665141 -77.2558169,166.665141 -77.3408812,166.665141 -77.4259455,166.665141 -77.5110098,166.665141 -77.5960741,166.665141 -77.6811384,166.665141 -77.7662027,166.665141 -77.851267,166.26342 -77.851267,165.861699 -77.851267,165.459978 -77.851267,165.058257 -77.851267,164.656536 -77.851267,164.254815 -77.851267,163.853094 -77.851267,163.451373 -77.851267,163.049652 -77.851267,162.647931 -77.851267,162.647931 -77.7662027,162.647931 -77.6811384,162.647931 -77.5960741,162.647931 -77.5110098,162.647931 -77.4259455,162.647931 -77.3408812,162.647931 -77.2558169,162.647931 -77.1707526,162.647931 -77.0856883,162.647931 -77.000624))"] | ["POINT(164.656536 -77.4259455)"] | false | false |
Long-term broadband underwater acoustic recordings from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)
|
1644196 |
2020-12-29 | Cziko, Paul |
Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes |
Broadband underwater acoustic recordings from the McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory mooring near the seaward terminus of the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty. An omnidirectional Ocean Sonics icListen hydrophone (SB2-ETH, SN 1713) recorded continuously at 512 kilosamples/second (256 kHz Nyquist frequency; 24 bit) for 2 years. The hydrophone was mounted vertically on a steel strut (insulated with rubber sheet) at about 70 cm above the mud/gravel seabed at 21m deep, with the sloping 45° rubble face of the jetty just behind the hydrophone. Temporal coverage is >90%, with gaps and truncated files arising due to network and power outages and software bugs. The audio recordings are 10 minute WAV files, compressed using the lossless FLAC code (Free Lossless Audio Codec, xiph.org; about 33MB of data/minute compressed; 100MB/min uncompressed). The hydrophone was under thick (to 3 m) sea ice cover for the majority of the dataset. The majority of the recorded biological sounds were produced by Weddell seals. Orca were present intermittently (~10 days total) in January-March in both summers. Known non-biological sounds include irregular low-intensity, broad-spectrum clicks and cracks from the sea ice cover, occasional wind noise, a 1.5-s gurgle with components to 200kHz every 90s from the CTD’s pump, a broad-spectrum mechanical sound for 3 min every 4 h from the observatory's underwater camera cleaning system, low-intensity whines (about 18, 58, 83, and 130 kHz, though variable over the dataset) thought to be from the station seawater pumps (>100 m away within the jetty’s well casing), and intermittent noises from tracked-vehicles and helicopters (September–February), SCUBA divers (October–December), and ships (January). Given hosting limitations, only every 6th file (roughly 10min/hour) has been archived here. Additional data can be obtained by contacting the primary author of the dataset, who will maintain it for as long as possible. Audio spectrogram images (PNGs) at three frequency ranges (three stacked panels per image, upper limits of 2.5, 25, and 256 kHz) from the entire dataset (all data, not subsampled) are also archived separately. | ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"] | ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"] | false | false |
NBP0505 CTD data
|
0338137 |
2020-07-17 | Wellner, Julia; Anderson, John |
Collaborative Research: Controls on Sediment Yields from Tidewater Glaciers from Patagonia to Antarctica |
Raw CTD data from expedition NBP0505 collected with the Aanderaa and Seacat CTD systems | ["POLYGON((-76 -45.5,-75.2 -45.5,-74.4 -45.5,-73.6 -45.5,-72.8 -45.5,-72 -45.5,-71.2 -45.5,-70.4 -45.5,-69.6 -45.5,-68.8 -45.5,-68 -45.5,-68 -46.43,-68 -47.36,-68 -48.29,-68 -49.22,-68 -50.15,-68 -51.08,-68 -52.01,-68 -52.94,-68 -53.87,-68 -54.8,-68.8 -54.8,-69.6 -54.8,-70.4 -54.8,-71.2 -54.8,-72 -54.8,-72.8 -54.8,-73.6 -54.8,-74.4 -54.8,-75.2 -54.8,-76 -54.8,-76 -53.87,-76 -52.94,-76 -52.01,-76 -51.08,-76 -50.15,-76 -49.22,-76 -48.29,-76 -47.36,-76 -46.43,-76 -45.5))"] | ["POINT(-72 -50.15)"] | false | false |
Antarctic Tide Gauge Database, version 1
|
0125252 0125602 1443677 |
2020-07-10 | Howard, Susan L.; Padman, Laurence; King, Matt |
Ocean Tides around Antarctica and in the Southern Ocean |
The Antarctic Tide Gauge (AntTG) database provides tidal harmonic coefficients (amplitude and phase) for ocean surface height (tide-induced height perturbation relative to the seabed) at many coastal, ocean and ice shelf locations around Antarctica. The coefficients are provided for up to 8 tidal constituents (Q1, O1, P1, K1, N2 , M2, S2, K2) where data is available. These coefficients are primarily intended for users interested in validation of tide models for the Antarctic seas including the areas covered by the floating ice shelves (e.g., King and Padman, 2005; King et al., 2011; Stammer et al., 2014). The database is provided as single files in ASCII text and MATLAB *.mat formats, as well as in a KML package that can be viewed in Google Earth. Several different measurement systems were used to collect the data. The quality of database entries varies widely, from short records of unknown accuracy to very precise, long-term records from bottom pressure recorders in the ocean and GPS systems installed on ice shelves. This database provides sufficient quality control information (record length, time step, and measurement type) for a user to judge whether a tidal analysis at a particular site is likely to be useful for their application. | ["POLYGON((-180 -53,-144 -53,-108 -53,-72 -53,-36 -53,0 -53,36 -53,72 -53,108 -53,144 -53,180 -53,180 -56.7,180 -60.4,180 -64.1,180 -67.8,180 -71.5,180 -75.2,180 -78.9,180 -82.6,180 -86.3,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -86.3,-180 -82.6,-180 -78.9,-180 -75.2,-180 -71.5,-180 -67.8,-180 -64.1,-180 -60.4,-180 -56.7,-180 -53))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Processed Current Measurement, Pressure, Salinity and Temperature Data from the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge Spreading acquired during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508
|
1235094 |
2020-07-02 | Thurnherr, Andreas |
Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons |
This data set was acquired with a McLane Research Laboratories and Inc. MMP Mooring Profiler during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508 conducted in 2015 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Louis St.Laurent, Investigator: Dr. Andreas Thurnherr). These data files are of NetCDF format and include Current Measurement, Pressure, Salinity and Temperature data that were processed after acquisition. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons. Funding was provided by NSF award(s): OCE12-35094. | ["POLYGON((-14.5787 -20.9223,-14.49208 -20.9223,-14.40546 -20.9223,-14.31884 -20.9223,-14.23222 -20.9223,-14.1456 -20.9223,-14.05898 -20.9223,-13.97236 -20.9223,-13.88574 -20.9223,-13.79912 -20.9223,-13.7125 -20.9223,-13.7125 -20.94222,-13.7125 -20.96214,-13.7125 -20.98206,-13.7125 -21.00198,-13.7125 -21.0219,-13.7125 -21.04182,-13.7125 -21.06174,-13.7125 -21.08166,-13.7125 -21.10158,-13.7125 -21.1215,-13.79912 -21.1215,-13.88574 -21.1215,-13.97236 -21.1215,-14.05898 -21.1215,-14.1456 -21.1215,-14.23222 -21.1215,-14.31884 -21.1215,-14.40546 -21.1215,-14.49208 -21.1215,-14.5787 -21.1215,-14.5787 -21.10158,-14.5787 -21.08166,-14.5787 -21.06174,-14.5787 -21.04182,-14.5787 -21.0219,-14.5787 -21.00198,-14.5787 -20.98206,-14.5787 -20.96214,-14.5787 -20.94222,-14.5787 -20.9223))"] | ["POINT(-14.1456 -21.0219)"] | false | false |
Processed Current Measurement Data from the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge Spreading acquired during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508
|
1235094 |
2020-07-02 | Thurnherr, Andreas |
Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons |
This data set was acquired with a Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508 conducted in 2015 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Louis St.Laurent, Investigator: Dr. Andreas Thurnherr). These data files are of NetCDF format and include Current Measurement data that were processed after acquisition. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons. Funding was provided by NSF award(s): OCE12-35094. | ["POLYGON((-14.7 -20.8,-14.59 -20.8,-14.48 -20.8,-14.37 -20.8,-14.26 -20.8,-14.15 -20.8,-14.04 -20.8,-13.93 -20.8,-13.82 -20.8,-13.71 -20.8,-13.6 -20.8,-13.6 -20.856,-13.6 -20.912,-13.6 -20.968,-13.6 -21.024,-13.6 -21.08,-13.6 -21.136,-13.6 -21.192,-13.6 -21.248,-13.6 -21.304,-13.6 -21.36,-13.71 -21.36,-13.82 -21.36,-13.93 -21.36,-14.04 -21.36,-14.15 -21.36,-14.26 -21.36,-14.37 -21.36,-14.48 -21.36,-14.59 -21.36,-14.7 -21.36,-14.7 -21.304,-14.7 -21.248,-14.7 -21.192,-14.7 -21.136,-14.7 -21.08,-14.7 -21.024,-14.7 -20.968,-14.7 -20.912,-14.7 -20.856,-14.7 -20.8))"] | ["POINT(-14.15 -21.08)"] | false | false |
Processed Current Measurement, Pressure and Temperature Data from the Southern Mid-Atlantic Ridge Spreading acquired during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508 (2015)
|
1235094 |
2020-07-02 | Thurnherr, Andreas |
Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons |
This data set was acquired with a Nortek Aquadopp Current Meter during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1508 conducted in 2015 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Louis St.Laurent, Investigator: Dr. Andreas Thurnherr). These data files are of NetCDF format and include Current Measurement, Pressure and Temperature data that were processed after acquisition. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research: Flow, Turbulence and Mixing in Mid-Ocean Ridge Fracture Zone Canyons. Funding was provided by NSF award(s): OCE12-35094. | ["POINT(-14.5787 -21.1215)"] | ["POINT(-14.5787 -21.1215)"] | false | false |
Processed Fluid Chemistry Data from the Ross Sea acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601
|
0338157 0338097 |
2020-06-25 | DiTullio, Giacomo; Smith, Walker |
Collaborative Research: Interactive Effects of Iron, Light and Carbon Dioxide on Phytoplankton Community Dynamics in the Ross Sea |
This data set was acquired with a Niskin Bottle Fluid Sampler during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601 conducted in 2005 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Giacomo DiTullio). The data files are in XLS format and include Fluid Chemistry data that have been processed. The data was acquired as part of the project called Interaction of iron, light and CO2 on phytoplankton community dynamics in the Ross Sea. Funding was provided by NSF grants: ANT03-38097, ANT03-38157, ANT03-38164, and ANT03-38350. | ["POLYGON((-180 -76,-179.7 -76,-179.4 -76,-179.1 -76,-178.8 -76,-178.5 -76,-178.2 -76,-177.9 -76,-177.6 -76,-177.3 -76,-177 -76,-177 -76.2,-177 -76.4,-177 -76.6,-177 -76.8,-177 -77,-177 -77.2,-177 -77.4,-177 -77.6,-177 -77.8,-177 -78,-177.3 -78,-177.6 -78,-177.9 -78,-178.2 -78,-178.5 -78,-178.8 -78,-179.1 -78,-179.4 -78,-179.7 -78,180 -78,178.5 -78,177 -78,175.5 -78,174 -78,172.5 -78,171 -78,169.5 -78,168 -78,166.5 -78,165 -78,165 -77.8,165 -77.6,165 -77.4,165 -77.2,165 -77,165 -76.8,165 -76.6,165 -76.4,165 -76.2,165 -76,166.5 -76,168 -76,169.5 -76,171 -76,172.5 -76,174 -76,175.5 -76,177 -76,178.5 -76,-180 -76))"] | ["POINT(174 -77)"] | false | false |
Processed Fluid Chemistry Data from the Ross Sea acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601A
|
0087401 |
2020-06-25 | Asper, Vernon; Smith, Walker |
Interannual Variability in the Antarctic-Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients and Seasonal Production |
This data set was acquired with a Niskin Bottle Fluid Sampler during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601A conducted in 2006 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Walker Smith). The data files are in XLS format and include Fluid Chemistry data that has not been processed. The data was acquired as part of the project called Interannual Variability in the Antarctic - Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients. | ["POLYGON((-180 -76,-179.6 -76,-179.2 -76,-178.8 -76,-178.4 -76,-178 -76,-177.6 -76,-177.2 -76,-176.8 -76,-176.4 -76,-176 -76,-176 -76.2,-176 -76.4,-176 -76.6,-176 -76.8,-176 -77,-176 -77.2,-176 -77.4,-176 -77.6,-176 -77.8,-176 -78,-176.4 -78,-176.8 -78,-177.2 -78,-177.6 -78,-178 -78,-178.4 -78,-178.8 -78,-179.2 -78,-179.6 -78,180 -78,178.5 -78,177 -78,175.5 -78,174 -78,172.5 -78,171 -78,169.5 -78,168 -78,166.5 -78,165 -78,165 -77.8,165 -77.6,165 -77.4,165 -77.2,165 -77,165 -76.8,165 -76.6,165 -76.4,165 -76.2,165 -76,166.5 -76,168 -76,169.5 -76,171 -76,172.5 -76,174 -76,175.5 -76,177 -76,178.5 -76,-180 -76))"] | ["POINT(174.5 -77)"] | false | false |
Processed Temperature, Salinity, and Current Measurement Data from the Amundsen Sea acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0901
|
0632282 |
2020-06-25 | Huber, Bruce; Jacobs, Stanley |
IPY/ASEP - Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise. |
This data set was derived from data acquired during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0901 conducted in 2009 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Stan Jacobs; Investigator(s): Dr. Stan Jacobs and Dr. Bruce Huber). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement, Salinity, and Temperature data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise, Shedding dynamic light on iron limitation: The interplay of iron limitation and dynamic irradiance conditions in governing the phytoplankton distribution in the Ross Sea, and Collaborative Research: Sampling the ocean - sea ice interaction in the Pacific center of the Antarctic Dipole, and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): OPP06-32282. | ["POLYGON((-130 -64,-126.5 -64,-123 -64,-119.5 -64,-116 -64,-112.5 -64,-109 -64,-105.5 -64,-102 -64,-98.5 -64,-95 -64,-95 -65.15,-95 -66.3,-95 -67.45,-95 -68.6,-95 -69.75,-95 -70.9,-95 -72.05,-95 -73.2,-95 -74.35,-95 -75.5,-98.5 -75.5,-102 -75.5,-105.5 -75.5,-109 -75.5,-112.5 -75.5,-116 -75.5,-119.5 -75.5,-123 -75.5,-126.5 -75.5,-130 -75.5,-130 -74.35,-130 -73.2,-130 -72.05,-130 -70.9,-130 -69.75,-130 -68.6,-130 -67.45,-130 -66.3,-130 -65.15,-130 -64))"] | ["POINT(-112.5 -69.75)"] | false | false |
Calibrated Hydrographic Data acquired with a LADCP from the Amundsen Sea acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0901
|
0632282 |
2020-06-25 | Thurnherr, Andreas |
IPY/ASEP - Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise. |
This data set was acquired with a LDEO LADCP Sonar during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0901 conducted in 2009 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Stan Jacobs; Investigator(s): Dr. Andreas Thurnherr). These data files are of ASCII format and include Current Measurement data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise, Shedding dynamic light on iron limitation: The interplay of iron limitation and dynamic irradiance conditions in governing the phytoplankton distribution in the Ross Sea, and Collaborative Research: Sampling the ocean - sea ice interaction in the Pacific center of the Antarctic Dipole, and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): OPP06-32282. | ["POLYGON((-130 -66,-127 -66,-124 -66,-121 -66,-118 -66,-115 -66,-112 -66,-109 -66,-106 -66,-103 -66,-100 -66,-100 -66.95,-100 -67.9,-100 -68.85,-100 -69.8,-100 -70.75,-100 -71.7,-100 -72.65,-100 -73.6,-100 -74.55,-100 -75.5,-103 -75.5,-106 -75.5,-109 -75.5,-112 -75.5,-115 -75.5,-118 -75.5,-121 -75.5,-124 -75.5,-127 -75.5,-130 -75.5,-130 -74.55,-130 -73.6,-130 -72.65,-130 -71.7,-130 -70.75,-130 -69.8,-130 -68.85,-130 -67.9,-130 -66.95,-130 -66))"] | ["POINT(-115 -70.75)"] | false | false |
Processed CTD Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf near Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203
|
1141890 0732651 |
2020-06-25 | Huber, Bruce; Gordon, Arnold |
Cape Adare Long Term Moorings (CALM): Analysis Phase Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans |
This data set was acquired with a Sea-Bird SBE 9Plus CTD during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203 conducted in 2012 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Maria Vernet; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement, Salinity, and Temperature data and were processed after data collection. Funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT11-41890. | ["POLYGON((-63 -60,-62.2 -60,-61.4 -60,-60.6 -60,-59.8 -60,-59 -60,-58.2 -60,-57.4 -60,-56.6 -60,-55.8 -60,-55 -60,-55 -60.5,-55 -61,-55 -61.5,-55 -62,-55 -62.5,-55 -63,-55 -63.5,-55 -64,-55 -64.5,-55 -65,-55.8 -65,-56.6 -65,-57.4 -65,-58.2 -65,-59 -65,-59.8 -65,-60.6 -65,-61.4 -65,-62.2 -65,-63 -65,-63 -64.5,-63 -64,-63 -63.5,-63 -63,-63 -62.5,-63 -62,-63 -61.5,-63 -61,-63 -60.5,-63 -60))"] | ["POINT(-59 -62.5)"] | false | false |
Processed ship-based LADCP Sonar Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf near Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203
|
1141890 0732651 |
2020-06-25 | Huber, Bruce; Gordon, Arnold |
Cape Adare Long Term Moorings (CALM): Analysis Phase Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans |
This data set was acquired with a ship-based LDEO LADCP Sonar during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203 conducted in 2012 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Maria Vernet; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement data and were processed after data collection. Funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT11-41890. | ["POLYGON((-62 -61,-61.3 -61,-60.6 -61,-59.9 -61,-59.2 -61,-58.5 -61,-57.8 -61,-57.1 -61,-56.4 -61,-55.7 -61,-55 -61,-55 -61.44,-55 -61.88,-55 -62.32,-55 -62.76,-55 -63.2,-55 -63.64,-55 -64.08,-55 -64.52,-55 -64.96,-55 -65.4,-55.7 -65.4,-56.4 -65.4,-57.1 -65.4,-57.8 -65.4,-58.5 -65.4,-59.2 -65.4,-59.9 -65.4,-60.6 -65.4,-61.3 -65.4,-62 -65.4,-62 -64.96,-62 -64.52,-62 -64.08,-62 -63.64,-62 -63.2,-62 -62.76,-62 -62.32,-62 -61.88,-62 -61.44,-62 -61))"] | ["POINT(-58.5 -63.2)"] | false | false |
Processed ship-based LADCP Sonar Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf in Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001
|
0732467 0732651 |
2020-06-25 | Huber, Bruce; Gordon, Arnold |
Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine and Quaternary Geosciences |
This data set was acquired with a ship-based LDEO LADCP Sonar during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001 conducted in 2010 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Eugene Domack; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the LARsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA), and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT07-32467. | ["POLYGON((-68 -60,-66.7 -60,-65.4 -60,-64.1 -60,-62.8 -60,-61.5 -60,-60.2 -60,-58.9 -60,-57.6 -60,-56.3 -60,-55 -60,-55 -60.6,-55 -61.2,-55 -61.8,-55 -62.4,-55 -63,-55 -63.6,-55 -64.2,-55 -64.8,-55 -65.4,-55 -66,-56.3 -66,-57.6 -66,-58.9 -66,-60.2 -66,-61.5 -66,-62.8 -66,-64.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-66.7 -66,-68 -66,-68 -65.4,-68 -64.8,-68 -64.2,-68 -63.6,-68 -63,-68 -62.4,-68 -61.8,-68 -61.2,-68 -60.6,-68 -60))"] | ["POINT(-61.5 -63)"] | false | false |
Processed CTD Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf in Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001
|
0732467 0732651 |
2020-06-25 | Huber, Bruce; Gordon, Arnold |
Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine and Quaternary Geosciences Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans |
This data set was acquired with a Sea-Bird SBE 9Plus CTD during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001 conducted in 2010 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Eugene Domack; Investigator(s): Dr. Bruce Huber and Dr. Arnold Gordon). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Temperature, Current Measurement, and Salinity data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the LARsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA), and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): ANT07-32467. | ["POLYGON((-68 -60,-66.7 -60,-65.4 -60,-64.1 -60,-62.8 -60,-61.5 -60,-60.2 -60,-58.9 -60,-57.6 -60,-56.3 -60,-55 -60,-55 -60.6,-55 -61.2,-55 -61.8,-55 -62.4,-55 -63,-55 -63.6,-55 -64.2,-55 -64.8,-55 -65.4,-55 -66,-56.3 -66,-57.6 -66,-58.9 -66,-60.2 -66,-61.5 -66,-62.8 -66,-64.1 -66,-65.4 -66,-66.7 -66,-68 -66,-68 -65.4,-68 -64.8,-68 -64.2,-68 -63.6,-68 -63,-68 -62.4,-68 -61.8,-68 -61.2,-68 -60.6,-68 -60))"] | ["POINT(-61.5 -63)"] | false | false |
Current Meter Data from the Ross Sea acquired with a Mooring deployed in December 2005 and recovered during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601A (2006)
|
0087401 |
2020-06-25 | Asper, Vernon; Smith, Walker |
Interannual Variability in the Antarctic-Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients and Seasonal Production |
This data set was acquired with a InterOcean S4 Current Meter deployed on moorings in the Ross Sea from December 2005 through February 2006. Moorings were were retrieved during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0601A conducted in 2006 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Walker Smith; Investigator(s): Dr. Vernon Asper). These data files are of Text File (ASCII) format and include Current Measurement data that have not been processed. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Interannual variability in the Antarctic - Ross Sea (IVARS): Nutrients | ["POLYGON((-179.999 -77,-179.1991 -77,-178.3992 -77,-177.5993 -77,-176.7994 -77,-175.9995 -77,-175.1996 -77,-174.3997 -77,-173.5998 -77,-172.7999 -77,-172 -77,-172 -77.07,-172 -77.14,-172 -77.21,-172 -77.28,-172 -77.35,-172 -77.42,-172 -77.49,-172 -77.56,-172 -77.63,-172 -77.7,-172.7999 -77.7,-173.5998 -77.7,-174.3997 -77.7,-175.1996 -77.7,-175.9995 -77.7,-176.7994 -77.7,-177.5993 -77.7,-178.3992 -77.7,-179.1991 -77.7,-179.999 -77.7,-179.999 -77.63,-179.999 -77.56,-179.999 -77.49,-179.999 -77.42,-179.999 -77.35,-179.999 -77.28,-179.999 -77.21,-179.999 -77.14,-179.999 -77.07,-179.999 -77))"] | ["POINT(-175.9995 -77.35)"] | false | false |
Radioisotope data (C-14 and Pb-210) from bulk sediments, Larsen A Ice Shelf
|
1341669 0732711 |
2020-06-19 | DeMaster, David; Taylor, Richard |
Using Radiochemical Data from Collapsed Ice Shelf Sediments to Understand the Nature and Timing of the Benthic Response to High-Latitude Climate Change Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans |
This file contains Pb-210 data from bulk sediments beneath the collapsed Larsen A Ice Shelf and C-14 data from the organic fraction of the same samples. | ["POLYGON((-61 -64,-60.5 -64,-60 -64,-59.5 -64,-59 -64,-58.5 -64,-58 -64,-57.5 -64,-57 -64,-56.5 -64,-56 -64,-56 -64.1,-56 -64.2,-56 -64.3,-56 -64.4,-56 -64.5,-56 -64.6,-56 -64.7,-56 -64.8,-56 -64.9,-56 -65,-56.5 -65,-57 -65,-57.5 -65,-58 -65,-58.5 -65,-59 -65,-59.5 -65,-60 -65,-60.5 -65,-61 -65,-61 -64.9,-61 -64.8,-61 -64.7,-61 -64.6,-61 -64.5,-61 -64.4,-61 -64.3,-61 -64.2,-61 -64.1,-61 -64))"] | ["POINT(-58.5 -64.5)"] | false | false |
Labile Organic Carbon distributions on the West Antarctic Peninsula Shelf
|
0636773 1341669 |
2020-05-11 | DeMaster, David; Taylor, Richard; Smith, Craig; Isla, Enrique; Thomas, Carrie |
Using Radiochemical Data from Collapsed Ice Shelf Sediments to Understand the Nature and Timing of the Benthic Response to High-Latitude Climate Change Collaborative Research: Benthic Faunal Feeding Dynamics on the Antarctic Shelf and the Effects of Global Climate Change on Bentho-Pelagic Coupling |
This data set is used to describe a new technique for assessing labile organic carbon (LOC) abundances and mean residence times in marine sediments. Radiocarbon is used to determine abundances of labile organic carbon and then a diagenetic organic carbon model, coupled with sediment biotrubation coefficients, is used to assess LOC mean residence times. | ["POLYGON((-71 -64,-70.4 -64,-69.8 -64,-69.2 -64,-68.6 -64,-68 -64,-67.4 -64,-66.8 -64,-66.2 -64,-65.6 -64,-65 -64,-65 -64.7,-65 -65.4,-65 -66.1,-65 -66.8,-65 -67.5,-65 -68.2,-65 -68.9,-65 -69.6,-65 -70.3,-65 -71,-65.6 -71,-66.2 -71,-66.8 -71,-67.4 -71,-68 -71,-68.6 -71,-69.2 -71,-69.8 -71,-70.4 -71,-71 -71,-71 -70.3,-71 -69.6,-71 -68.9,-71 -68.2,-71 -67.5,-71 -66.8,-71 -66.1,-71 -65.4,-71 -64.7,-71 -64))"] | ["POINT(-68 -67.5)"] | false | false |
UAV images and video of whales in the Antarctic Penisula during LMG1802
|
1644209 1440435 |
2020-05-10 | Friedlaender, Ari; Dale, Julian; Nowacek, Douglas; Bierlich, KC |
LTER Palmer, Antarctica (PAL): Land-Shelf-Ocean Connectivity, Ecosystem Resilience and Transformation in a Sea-Ice Influenced Pelagic Ecosystem |
This dataset contains UAV (drone) still images and video footage from whales in the Antarctic Peninsula region taken from LM Gould expedition (LMG1802) and small zodiacs. It also contains flight tracks as kml files. | ["POLYGON((-64.5 -63,-63.95 -63,-63.4 -63,-62.85 -63,-62.3 -63,-61.75 -63,-61.2 -63,-60.65 -63,-60.1 -63,-59.55 -63,-59 -63,-59 -63.22,-59 -63.44,-59 -63.66,-59 -63.88,-59 -64.1,-59 -64.32,-59 -64.54,-59 -64.76,-59 -64.98,-59 -65.2,-59.55 -65.2,-60.1 -65.2,-60.65 -65.2,-61.2 -65.2,-61.75 -65.2,-62.3 -65.2,-62.85 -65.2,-63.4 -65.2,-63.95 -65.2,-64.5 -65.2,-64.5 -64.98,-64.5 -64.76,-64.5 -64.54,-64.5 -64.32,-64.5 -64.1,-64.5 -63.88,-64.5 -63.66,-64.5 -63.44,-64.5 -63.22,-64.5 -63))"] | ["POINT(-61.75 -64.1)"] | false | false |
Eddy covariance air-sea momentum, heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes in the Southern Ocean from the N.B. Palmer cruise NBP1402
|
1043623 |
2020-05-01 | Miller, Scott; Butterworth, Brian |
Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean |
This dataset contains meteorological and air-sea flux data (momentum, heat, and CO2 fluxes; CO2 gas transfer velocity) collected during the the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1402 conducted in 2014. The files are of XLS format. | ["POLYGON((117.5 -47,120.35 -47,123.2 -47,126.05 -47,128.9 -47,131.75 -47,134.6 -47,137.45 -47,140.3 -47,143.15 -47,146 -47,146 -49.04,146 -51.08,146 -53.12,146 -55.16,146 -57.2,146 -59.24,146 -61.28,146 -63.32,146 -65.36,146 -67.4,143.15 -67.4,140.3 -67.4,137.45 -67.4,134.6 -67.4,131.75 -67.4,128.9 -67.4,126.05 -67.4,123.2 -67.4,120.35 -67.4,117.5 -67.4,117.5 -65.36,117.5 -63.32,117.5 -61.28,117.5 -59.24,117.5 -57.2,117.5 -55.16,117.5 -53.12,117.5 -51.08,117.5 -49.04,117.5 -47))"] | ["POINT(131.75 -57.2)"] | false | false |
Macrofauna Species Abundance Raw Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001
|
0732711 |
2020-05-01 | Smith, Craig |
Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans |
This Biology Species Abundance data set was acquired with a ship-based Camera during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001 conducted in 2010 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Eugene Domack; Investigator: Dr. Craig Smith). The data file is in XLS format and includes Biology Species Abundance Biology data that has not been processed. The data was acquired as part of the project called Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the LARsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA). | ["POLYGON((-69 -61,-67.6 -61,-66.2 -61,-64.8 -61,-63.4 -61,-62 -61,-60.6 -61,-59.2 -61,-57.8 -61,-56.4 -61,-55 -61,-55 -61.68,-55 -62.36,-55 -63.04,-55 -63.72,-55 -64.4,-55 -65.08,-55 -65.76,-55 -66.44,-55 -67.12,-55 -67.8,-56.4 -67.8,-57.8 -67.8,-59.2 -67.8,-60.6 -67.8,-62 -67.8,-63.4 -67.8,-64.8 -67.8,-66.2 -67.8,-67.6 -67.8,-69 -67.8,-69 -67.12,-69 -66.44,-69 -65.76,-69 -65.08,-69 -64.4,-69 -63.72,-69 -63.04,-69 -62.36,-69 -61.68,-69 -61))"] | ["POINT(-62 -64.4)"] | false | false |
Megafauna Species Abundance Raw Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001
|
0732711 |
2020-05-01 | Smith, Craig |
Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans |
This Biology Species Abundance data set was acquired with a ship-based Camera during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1001 conducted in 2010 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Eugene Domack; Investigator: Dr. Craig Smith). The data file is in XLS format and includes Biology Species Abundance Biology data that has not been processed. The data was acquired as part of the project called Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the LARsen Ice Shelf System, Antarctica (LARISSA). | ["POLYGON((-69 -61,-67.6 -61,-66.2 -61,-64.8 -61,-63.4 -61,-62 -61,-60.6 -61,-59.2 -61,-57.8 -61,-56.4 -61,-55 -61,-55 -61.68,-55 -62.36,-55 -63.04,-55 -63.72,-55 -64.4,-55 -65.08,-55 -65.76,-55 -66.44,-55 -67.12,-55 -67.8,-56.4 -67.8,-57.8 -67.8,-59.2 -67.8,-60.6 -67.8,-62 -67.8,-63.4 -67.8,-64.8 -67.8,-66.2 -67.8,-67.6 -67.8,-69 -67.8,-69 -67.12,-69 -66.44,-69 -65.76,-69 -65.08,-69 -64.4,-69 -63.72,-69 -63.04,-69 -62.36,-69 -61.68,-69 -61))"] | ["POINT(-62 -64.4)"] | false | false |
Species Abundance Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf Ice acquired during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203
|
0732711 1341669 |
2020-05-01 | Smith, Craig |
Using Radiochemical Data from Collapsed Ice Shelf Sediments to Understand the Nature and Timing of the Benthic Response to High-Latitude Climate Change Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine Ecosystems. |
Species Abundance Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf Ice acquired during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine Ecosystems (LARISSA); and Using Radiochemical Data from Collapsed Ice Shelf Sediments to Understand the Nature and Timing of the Benthic Response to High-Latitude Climate Change. | ["POLYGON((-61 -62,-60.4 -62,-59.8 -62,-59.2 -62,-58.6 -62,-58 -62,-57.4 -62,-56.8 -62,-56.2 -62,-55.6 -62,-55 -62,-55 -62.34,-55 -62.68,-55 -63.02,-55 -63.36,-55 -63.7,-55 -64.04,-55 -64.38,-55 -64.72,-55 -65.06,-55 -65.4,-55.6 -65.4,-56.2 -65.4,-56.8 -65.4,-57.4 -65.4,-58 -65.4,-58.6 -65.4,-59.2 -65.4,-59.8 -65.4,-60.4 -65.4,-61 -65.4,-61 -65.06,-61 -64.72,-61 -64.38,-61 -64.04,-61 -63.7,-61 -63.36,-61 -63.02,-61 -62.68,-61 -62.34,-61 -62))"] | ["POINT(-58 -63.7)"] | false | false |
Eddy covariance air-sea momentum, heat, and carbon dioxide fluxes in the Southern Ocean from the N.B. Palmer cruise NBP1210
|
1043623 |
2020-05-01 | Miller, Scott; Butterworth, Brian |
Air-Sea Fluxes of Momentum, Heat, and Carbon Dioxide at High Wind Speeds in the Southern Ocean |
This dataset contains meteorological and air-sea flux data (momentum, heat, and CO2 fluxes; CO2 gas transfer velocity) collected during the the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1210 conducted in 2013. The files are of XLS format | ["POLYGON((-180 -57,-169.5 -57,-159 -57,-148.5 -57,-138 -57,-127.5 -57,-117 -57,-106.5 -57,-96 -57,-85.5 -57,-75 -57,-75 -59.1,-75 -61.2,-75 -63.3,-75 -65.4,-75 -67.5,-75 -69.6,-75 -71.7,-75 -73.8,-75 -75.9,-75 -78,-85.5 -78,-96 -78,-106.5 -78,-117 -78,-127.5 -78,-138 -78,-148.5 -78,-159 -78,-169.5 -78,180 -78,178.3 -78,176.6 -78,174.9 -78,173.2 -78,171.5 -78,169.8 -78,168.1 -78,166.4 -78,164.7 -78,163 -78,163 -75.9,163 -73.8,163 -71.7,163 -69.6,163 -67.5,163 -65.4,163 -63.3,163 -61.2,163 -59.1,163 -57,164.7 -57,166.4 -57,168.1 -57,169.8 -57,171.5 -57,173.2 -57,174.9 -57,176.6 -57,178.3 -57,-180 -57))"] | ["POINT(-136 -67.5)"] | false | false |
Species List, Species Abundance, and Sediment Geochemistry processed data acquired during Laurence M. Gould expedition LMG0802
|
0636806 0636773 |
2020-04-30 | Smith, Craig; DeMaster, David |
Collaborative Research: Benthic Faunal Feeding Dynamics on the Antarctic Shelf and the Effects of Global Climate Change on Bentho-Pelagic Coupling |
This data set was acquired with a Box Core Sediment Sampler, Digital Camera, and Sediment Core Sampler during Laurence M. Gould expedition LMG0802 conducted in 2008. The data files are in Microsoft Excel format and include Species List, Species Abundance, and Sediment Geochemistry data that was processed after collection. | ["POLYGON((-72 -59,-71 -59,-70 -59,-69 -59,-68 -59,-67 -59,-66 -59,-65 -59,-64 -59,-63 -59,-62 -59,-62 -59.95,-62 -60.9,-62 -61.85,-62 -62.8,-62 -63.75,-62 -64.7,-62 -65.65,-62 -66.6,-62 -67.55,-62 -68.5,-63 -68.5,-64 -68.5,-65 -68.5,-66 -68.5,-67 -68.5,-68 -68.5,-69 -68.5,-70 -68.5,-71 -68.5,-72 -68.5,-72 -67.55,-72 -66.6,-72 -65.65,-72 -64.7,-72 -63.75,-72 -62.8,-72 -61.85,-72 -60.9,-72 -59.95,-72 -59))"] | ["POINT(-67 -63.75)"] | false | false |
Bottom Photographs from the Antarctic Peninsula acquired during R/V Laurence M. Gould expedition LMG1703
|
1341496 1558448 |
2020-04-30 | Girton, James |
Collaborative Research: Pathways of Circumpolar Deep Water to West Antarctica from Profiling Float and Satellite Measurements |
This data set was acquired with a Nikon Camera on a towed YoYo camera platform during R/V Laurence M. Gould expedition LMG1703 conducted in 2017. The data are on Jpeg format | ["POLYGON((-65 -62,-64.55 -62,-64.1 -62,-63.65 -62,-63.2 -62,-62.75 -62,-62.3 -62,-61.85 -62,-61.4 -62,-60.95 -62,-60.5 -62,-60.5 -62.35,-60.5 -62.7,-60.5 -63.05,-60.5 -63.4,-60.5 -63.75,-60.5 -64.1,-60.5 -64.45,-60.5 -64.8,-60.5 -65.15,-60.5 -65.5,-60.95 -65.5,-61.4 -65.5,-61.85 -65.5,-62.3 -65.5,-62.75 -65.5,-63.2 -65.5,-63.65 -65.5,-64.1 -65.5,-64.55 -65.5,-65 -65.5,-65 -65.15,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.45,-65 -64.1,-65 -63.75,-65 -63.4,-65 -63.05,-65 -62.7,-65 -62.35,-65 -62))"] | ["POINT(-62.75 -63.75)"] | false | false |
High-resolution benthic seawater temperature record 1999-2012 (25-40m depth) from near intake jetty at McMurdo Station, Antarctica
|
0231006 1142158 |
2020-04-08 | Cheng, Chi-Hing; Cziko, Paul; Devries, Arthur |
Antarctic Notothenioid Fish Freeze Avoidance and Genome-wide Evolution for Life in the Cold |
Benthic seawater temperature (within 10cm of the bottom) from near the McMurdo Station, Ross Island, Antarctica saltwater intake jetty. Data collected at two nearby locations: On muddy bottom at base of artificial rock jetty (~25m depth), and ~50m west of the Jetty in sponge/spicule mat habitat (~40m depth). | ["POLYGON((163 -76.5,163.5 -76.5,164 -76.5,164.5 -76.5,165 -76.5,165.5 -76.5,166 -76.5,166.5 -76.5,167 -76.5,167.5 -76.5,168 -76.5,168 -76.63,168 -76.76,168 -76.89,168 -77.02,168 -77.15,168 -77.28,168 -77.41,168 -77.54,168 -77.67,168 -77.8,167.5 -77.8,167 -77.8,166.5 -77.8,166 -77.8,165.5 -77.8,165 -77.8,164.5 -77.8,164 -77.8,163.5 -77.8,163 -77.8,163 -77.67,163 -77.54,163 -77.41,163 -77.28,163 -77.15,163 -77.02,163 -76.89,163 -76.76,163 -76.63,163 -76.5))"] | ["POINT(165.5 -77.15)"] | false | false |
Sediment macrofaunal abundance and family richness from inner Andvord Bay to the open continental shelf
|
1443680 |
2019-12-31 | Smith, Craig |
Collaborative Research: Fjord Ecosystem Structure and Function on the West Antarctic Peninsula - Hotspots of Productivity and Biodiversity? (FjordEco) |
Sediment macrofaunal data collected by megacore (10-cm diameter sample tubes) along a down-fjord transect from inner Andvord Bay out onto the open continental shelf on the West Antarctic Peninsula. Sediment core samples from 0 - 10 cm depths were fixed in 4% formaldehyde, sieved on a 300 micron seive, and sorted with a dissecting microscope. | ["POLYGON((-66 -64,-65.6 -64,-65.2 -64,-64.8 -64,-64.4 -64,-64 -64,-63.6 -64,-63.2 -64,-62.8 -64,-62.4 -64,-62 -64,-62 -64.1,-62 -64.2,-62 -64.3,-62 -64.4,-62 -64.5,-62 -64.6,-62 -64.7,-62 -64.8,-62 -64.9,-62 -65,-62.4 -65,-62.8 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.6 -65,-64 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.8 -65,-65.2 -65,-65.6 -65,-66 -65,-66 -64.9,-66 -64.8,-66 -64.7,-66 -64.6,-66 -64.5,-66 -64.4,-66 -64.3,-66 -64.2,-66 -64.1,-66 -64))"] | ["POINT(-64 -64.5)"] | false | false |
Amino acid nitrogen isotope values of penguins from the Antarctic Peninsula region 1930s to 2010s
|
1826712 1443424 1443386 1443585 |
2019-12-17 | McMahon, Kelton; Polito, Michael |
Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators |
This data set contains measurements of nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope values of twelve individual amino acids from breast feathers of gentoo penguins (Pygoscelis papua) and chinstrap penguins (Pygoscelis antarctica) collected from museum archives between the 1930s and 2010s. Stable isotope analyses were conducted using a gas chromatograph coupled to a continuous flow stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. The data set also includes trophic positions of penguins calculated from individual amino acid δ15N values. The data set indexes each individual penguin with species, collection institution, catalog number, sex, locality, latitude, longitude, year of sample collection, nitrogen isotope ratios, and calculated trophic position. Details of the data set and all relevant methods are provided in McMahon et al. 2020 Proc Natl Acad Sci DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1913093116 | ["POLYGON((-63.56 -60.72,-61.664 -60.72,-59.768 -60.72,-57.872 -60.72,-55.976 -60.72,-54.08 -60.72,-52.184 -60.72,-50.288 -60.72,-48.392 -60.72,-46.496 -60.72,-44.6 -60.72,-44.6 -61.106,-44.6 -61.492,-44.6 -61.878,-44.6 -62.264,-44.6 -62.65,-44.6 -63.036,-44.6 -63.422,-44.6 -63.808,-44.6 -64.194,-44.6 -64.58,-46.496 -64.58,-48.392 -64.58,-50.288 -64.58,-52.184 -64.58,-54.08 -64.58,-55.976 -64.58,-57.872 -64.58,-59.768 -64.58,-61.664 -64.58,-63.56 -64.58,-63.56 -64.194,-63.56 -63.808,-63.56 -63.422,-63.56 -63.036,-63.56 -62.65,-63.56 -62.264,-63.56 -61.878,-63.56 -61.492,-63.56 -61.106,-63.56 -60.72))"] | ["POINT(-54.08 -62.65)"] | false | false |
Biogenic silica concentrations from the Ross Sea
|
1644073 |
2019-11-13 | Ditullio, Giacomo; Schanke, Nicole |
Collaborative Research: Cobalamin and Iron Co-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Species in Terra Nova Bay |
Biogenic silica concentrations collected from CTD casts during RVIB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise in the Ross Sea, Southern Ocean from December 2017-February 2018 | ["POLYGON((-180 -72.45,-179.354 -72.45,-178.708 -72.45,-178.062 -72.45,-177.416 -72.45,-176.77 -72.45,-176.124 -72.45,-175.478 -72.45,-174.832 -72.45,-174.186 -72.45,-173.54 -72.45,-173.54 -73.068,-173.54 -73.686,-173.54 -74.304,-173.54 -74.922,-173.54 -75.54,-173.54 -76.158,-173.54 -76.776,-173.54 -77.394,-173.54 -78.012,-173.54 -78.63,-174.186 -78.63,-174.832 -78.63,-175.478 -78.63,-176.124 -78.63,-176.77 -78.63,-177.416 -78.63,-178.062 -78.63,-178.708 -78.63,-179.354 -78.63,180 -78.63,179.818 -78.63,179.636 -78.63,179.454 -78.63,179.272 -78.63,179.09 -78.63,178.908 -78.63,178.726 -78.63,178.544 -78.63,178.362 -78.63,178.18 -78.63,178.18 -78.012,178.18 -77.394,178.18 -76.776,178.18 -76.158,178.18 -75.54,178.18 -74.922,178.18 -74.304,178.18 -73.686,178.18 -73.068,178.18 -72.45,178.362 -72.45,178.544 -72.45,178.726 -72.45,178.908 -72.45,179.09 -72.45,179.272 -72.45,179.454 -72.45,179.636 -72.45,179.818 -72.45,-180 -72.45))"] | ["POINT(-177.68 -75.54)"] | false | false |
Sea ice and chlorophyll concentrations in Antarctic coastal polynyas and seasonal ice zones
|
1341558 |
2019-10-22 | Ji, Rubao |
Collaborative Research: Phytoplankton Phenology in the Antarctic: Drivers, Patterns, and Implications for the Adelie Penguin |
The dataset includes 1) sea ice concentrations in Antarctic coastal polynyas (1979-2015) and seasonal ice zones (1978-2019); 2) chlorophyll concentrations in Antarctic coastal polynyas (1997-2015) and seasonal ice zones (1997-2019). The sea ice dataset is a tailored product after processing a global-scale sea ice data product managed by National Snow and Ice Data Center. The chlorophyll dataset is a tailored product after processing a global-scale ocean color dataset produced by GLOBCOLOUR, the European Service for Ocean Colour | ["POLYGON((-180 -45,-144 -45,-108 -45,-72 -45,-36 -45,0 -45,36 -45,72 -45,108 -45,144 -45,180 -45,180 -48.4,180 -51.8,180 -55.2,180 -58.6,180 -62,180 -65.4,180 -68.8,180 -72.2,180 -75.6,180 -79,144 -79,108 -79,72 -79,36 -79,0 -79,-36 -79,-72 -79,-108 -79,-144 -79,-180 -79,-180 -75.6,-180 -72.2,-180 -68.8,-180 -65.4,-180 -62,-180 -58.6,-180 -55.2,-180 -51.8,-180 -48.4,-180 -45))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Plocamium cartilagineum field chemotyping
|
1341339 |
2019-10-09 | Baker, Bill |
Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing |
Samples of the red alga Plocamium cartilagineum were collected from the area around Palmer Station, Antarctica, and characterized by gas chromatography for their secondary metabolite content. Patterns in secondary metabolite content were used to establish chemical phenotypes (chemotypes). | ["POLYGON((-64.03 -64.254,-64.0286 -64.254,-64.0272 -64.254,-64.0258 -64.254,-64.0244 -64.254,-64.023 -64.254,-64.0216 -64.254,-64.0202 -64.254,-64.0188 -64.254,-64.0174 -64.254,-64.016 -64.254,-64.016 -64.2543,-64.016 -64.2546,-64.016 -64.2549,-64.016 -64.2552,-64.016 -64.2555,-64.016 -64.2558,-64.016 -64.2561,-64.016 -64.2564,-64.016 -64.2567,-64.016 -64.257,-64.0174 -64.257,-64.0188 -64.257,-64.0202 -64.257,-64.0216 -64.257,-64.023 -64.257,-64.0244 -64.257,-64.0258 -64.257,-64.0272 -64.257,-64.0286 -64.257,-64.03 -64.257,-64.03 -64.2567,-64.03 -64.2564,-64.03 -64.2561,-64.03 -64.2558,-64.03 -64.2555,-64.03 -64.2552,-64.03 -64.2549,-64.03 -64.2546,-64.03 -64.2543,-64.03 -64.254))"] | ["POINT(-64.023 -64.2555)"] | false | false |
Easten Antarctic Peninsula Surface Sediment Diatom Data
|
0732625 9714371 |
2019-09-16 | Leventer, Amy |
Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans |
Diatom data from eastern side of Antarctic Peninsula: This file includes quantitative diatom data for surface samples collected on numerous cruises to the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula, including NBP0003, NBP0107, LMG0502, NBP0603, and NBP1203. Samples were collected using a variety of tools including Smith-McIntyre Grab, Kasten Core and Jumbo Kasten Core. These data were generated by Amy Leventer (aleventer@colgate.edu) and undergraduate students at Colgate University. All questions regarding the specifics of these data should be directed to Amy Leventer. Quantitative diatom slides were prepared according to the settling technique of Scherer (1995). Cover slips were adhered to the slides using Norland Optical Adhesive #61. Slides were observed under Olympus CX31, BX50 and BX60, and Zeiss Primo Star light microscopes, using a 100X oil immersion objective for a total magnification of 1000X. A minimum of 400 valves or 10 transects was counted for each slide, depending on the absolute diatom abundance. Valves were only counted if >50% complete. Diatoms were identified to species level when possible (Crosta et al., 2005; Armand et al., 2005; Cefarelli et al., 2010). Armand, L.K., X. Crosta, O. Romero, J. J. Pichon (2005), The biogeography of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean sediments: 1. Sea ice related species, Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 223, 93-126. Cefarelli, A.O., M. E. Ferrario, G. O. Almandoz, A. G. Atencio, R. Akselman, M. Vernet (2010), Diversity of the diatom genus Fragilariopsis in the Argentine Sea and Antarctic waters: morphology, distribution and abundance, Polar Biology, 33(2), 1463-1484. Crosta, X., O. Romero, L. K. Armand, J. Pichon (2005), The biogeography of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean sediments: 2. Open ocean related species, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 223, 66-92. Scherer, R. P., A new method for the determination of absolute abundance of diatoms and other silt-sized sedimentary particles, J. Paleolimnol., 12, 171–178, 1995. | ["POLYGON((-64 -63,-63.1 -63,-62.2 -63,-61.3 -63,-60.4 -63,-59.5 -63,-58.6 -63,-57.7 -63,-56.8 -63,-55.9 -63,-55 -63,-55 -63.4,-55 -63.8,-55 -64.2,-55 -64.6,-55 -65,-55 -65.4,-55 -65.8,-55 -66.2,-55 -66.6,-55 -67,-55.9 -67,-56.8 -67,-57.7 -67,-58.6 -67,-59.5 -67,-60.4 -67,-61.3 -67,-62.2 -67,-63.1 -67,-64 -67,-64 -66.6,-64 -66.2,-64 -65.8,-64 -65.4,-64 -65,-64 -64.6,-64 -64.2,-64 -63.8,-64 -63.4,-64 -63))"] | ["POINT(-59.5 -65)"] | false | false |
Carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values of Antarctic Krill from the South Shetland Islands and the northern Antarctic Peninsula 2007 and 2009
|
1826712 1443585 1443424 1443386 |
2019-09-13 | Polito, Michael |
Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators |
This data set contains measurements of carbon (δ13C) and nitrogen (δ15N) stable isotope values of whole-body Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) collected from trawl surveys of waters surrounding the South Shetland Islands and the northern Antarctic Peninsula during the 2006-07 and 2008-90 Austral summers. Stable isotope analyses were conducted using an elemental analyzer coupled to a continuous flow stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Individual krill were lipid-extracted prior to analyses. The data set also includes latitude, longitude, month, and year of sample collection, standard length of the krill to the nearest mm, age class, sex, and carbon to nitrogen ratios. Details of the data set and all relevant methods are provided in Polito et al., 2013 and Polito et al., 2019. | ["POLYGON((-63 -60,-62.1 -60,-61.2 -60,-60.3 -60,-59.4 -60,-58.5 -60,-57.6 -60,-56.7 -60,-55.8 -60,-54.9 -60,-54 -60,-54 -60.4,-54 -60.8,-54 -61.2,-54 -61.6,-54 -62,-54 -62.4,-54 -62.8,-54 -63.2,-54 -63.6,-54 -64,-54.9 -64,-55.8 -64,-56.7 -64,-57.6 -64,-58.5 -64,-59.4 -64,-60.3 -64,-61.2 -64,-62.1 -64,-63 -64,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.2,-63 -62.8,-63 -62.4,-63 -62,-63 -61.6,-63 -61.2,-63 -60.8,-63 -60.4,-63 -60))"] | ["POINT(-58.5 -62)"] | false | false |
Dynamic fine-scale sea-icescape shapes adult emperor penguin foraging habitat in East Antarctica
|
1643901 |
2019-09-10 | Labrousse, Sara; Fraser, Alexander; Tamura, Takeshi; Pinaud, David; Wienecke, Barbara; Kirkwood, Roger; Ropert-Coudert, Yan; Resinger, Ryan; Jonsen, Ian; Porter-Smith, Rick; Barbraud, Christophe; Bost, Charles-André; Ji, Rubao; Jenouvrier, Stephanie; Sumner, Michael |
Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability |
The emperor penguin, an iconic species threatened by projected sea-ice loss in Antarctica, has long been considered to forage at the fast ice edge, presumably relying on large/yearly-persistent polynyas as their main foraging habitat during the breeding season. Using newly developed fine-scale sea-icescape data and historical penguin tracking data, this study for the first time suggests the importance of less-recognized small openings, including cracks, flaw leads and ephemeral short-term polynyas, as foraging habitats for emperor penguins. The tracking data retrieved from 47 emperor penguins in two different colonies in East Antarctica suggest that those penguins spent 23% of their time in ephemeral polynyas and did not use the large/yearly-persistent, well-studied polynyas, even they occur much more regularly with predictable locations. These findings challenge our previous understanding of emperor penguin breeding habitats, highlighting the need for incorporating fine-scale seascape features when assessing the population persistence in a rapidly changing polar environment. | ["POLYGON((55 -62,65 -62,75 -62,85 -62,95 -62,105 -62,115 -62,125 -62,135 -62,145 -62,155 -62,155 -62.8,155 -63.6,155 -64.4,155 -65.2,155 -66,155 -66.8,155 -67.6,155 -68.4,155 -69.2,155 -70,145 -70,135 -70,125 -70,115 -70,105 -70,95 -70,85 -70,75 -70,65 -70,55 -70,55 -69.2,55 -68.4,55 -67.6,55 -66.8,55 -66,55 -65.2,55 -64.4,55 -63.6,55 -62.8,55 -62))"] | ["POINT(105 -66)"] | false | false |
Algal pigment concentrations from the Ross Sea
|
1644073 |
2019-08-27 | Ditullio, Giacomo |
Collaborative Research: Cobalamin and Iron Co-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Species in Terra Nova Bay |
Algal pigment concentrations as measured by HPLC from RV/IB Nathaniel B. Palmer cruise in the Ross Sea from 2017-2018 | ["POLYGON((-180 -72.448188333,-179.35369 -72.448188333,-178.70738 -72.448188333,-178.06107 -72.448188333,-177.41476 -72.448188333,-176.76845 -72.448188333,-176.12214 -72.448188333,-175.47583 -72.448188333,-174.82952 -72.448188333,-174.18321 -72.448188333,-173.5369 -72.448188333,-173.5369 -73.0663094997,-173.5369 -73.6844306664,-173.5369 -74.3025518331,-173.5369 -74.9206729998,-173.5369 -75.5387941665,-173.5369 -76.1569153332,-173.5369 -76.7750364999,-173.5369 -77.3931576666,-173.5369 -78.0112788333,-173.5369 -78.6294,-174.18321 -78.6294,-174.82952 -78.6294,-175.47583 -78.6294,-176.12214 -78.6294,-176.76845 -78.6294,-177.41476 -78.6294,-178.06107 -78.6294,-178.70738 -78.6294,-179.35369 -78.6294,180 -78.6294,179.818135 -78.6294,179.63627 -78.6294,179.454405 -78.6294,179.27254 -78.6294,179.090675 -78.6294,178.90881 -78.6294,178.726945 -78.6294,178.54508 -78.6294,178.363215 -78.6294,178.18135 -78.6294,178.18135 -78.0112788333,178.18135 -77.3931576666,178.18135 -76.7750364999,178.18135 -76.1569153332,178.18135 -75.5387941665,178.18135 -74.9206729998,178.18135 -74.3025518331,178.18135 -73.6844306664,178.18135 -73.0663094997,178.18135 -72.448188333,178.363215 -72.448188333,178.54508 -72.448188333,178.726945 -72.448188333,178.90881 -72.448188333,179.090675 -72.448188333,179.27254 -72.448188333,179.454405 -72.448188333,179.63627 -72.448188333,179.818135 -72.448188333,-180 -72.448188333))"] | ["POINT(-177.677775 -75.5387941665)"] | false | false |
ASPeCt Visual Ice Observations on PIPERS Cruise NBP1704 April-June 2017
|
1341717 |
2019-06-10 | Ackley, Stephen |
Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica |
This dataset is the csv file of hourly visual ice observations conducted in the ASPeCt protocol on the PIPERS cruise NBP1704 to the Ross Sea during April to June 5 2017. Parameters are ice concentration, thickness, snow depth, floe sizes, etc for up to three categories of ice type within a 1km radius of the ship during the observation. These are identified by date, time and latitude, longitude at the time of observations | ["POLYGON((-180 -55,-177 -55,-174 -55,-171 -55,-168 -55,-165 -55,-162 -55,-159 -55,-156 -55,-153 -55,-150 -55,-150 -57.3,-150 -59.6,-150 -61.9,-150 -64.2,-150 -66.5,-150 -68.8,-150 -71.1,-150 -73.4,-150 -75.7,-150 -78,-153 -78,-156 -78,-159 -78,-162 -78,-165 -78,-168 -78,-171 -78,-174 -78,-177 -78,180 -78,178 -78,176 -78,174 -78,172 -78,170 -78,168 -78,166 -78,164 -78,162 -78,160 -78,160 -75.7,160 -73.4,160 -71.1,160 -68.8,160 -66.5,160 -64.2,160 -61.9,160 -59.6,160 -57.3,160 -55,162 -55,164 -55,166 -55,168 -55,170 -55,172 -55,174 -55,176 -55,178 -55,-180 -55))"] | ["POINT(-175 -66.5)"] | false | false |
CTD stations and logs for Araon 2018 ANA08D expedition to Larson C
|
1822289 |
2019-04-29 | Pan, B. Jack; Vernet, Maria |
RAPID: Collaborative Research: Marine Ecosystem Response to the Larsen C Ice-Shelf Breakout: "Time zero" |
Marine ecosystems under large ice shelves are thought to contain sparse, low-diversity plankton and seafloor communities due the low supply of food from productive sunlight waters. Past studies have shown sub-ice shelf ecosystems to change in response to altered oceanographic processes resulting from ice-shelve retreat. However, information on community changes and ecosystem structure under ice shelves are limited because sub-ice-shelf ecosystems have either been sampled many years after ice-shelf breakout, or have been sampled through small boreholes, yielding extremely limited spatial information. The recent breakout of the A-68 iceberg from the Larsen C ice shelf in the western Weddell Sea provides an opportunity to use a ship-based study to evaluate benthic communities and water column characteristics in an area recently vacated by a large overlying ice shelf. The opportunity will allow spatial assessments at the time of transition from an under ice-shelf environment to one initially exposed to conditions more typical of a coastal Antarctic marine setting. This RAPID project will help determine the state of a coastal Antarctic ecosystem newly exposed from ice-shelf cover and will aid in understanding of rates of community change during transition. The project will conduct a 10-day field program, allowing contrasts to be made of phytoplankton and seafloor megafaunal communities in areas recently exposed by ice-shelf loss to areas exposed for many decades. The project will be undertaken in a collaborative manner with the South Korean Antarctic Agency, KOPRI, by participating in a cruise in March/May 2018. Combining new information in the area of Larsen C with existing observations after the Larsen A and B ice shelf breakups further to the north, the project is expected to generate a dataset that can elucidate fundamental processes of planktonic and benthic community development in transition from food-poor to food-rich ecosystems. The project will provide field experience to two graduate students, a post-doctoral associate and an undergraduate student. Material from the project will be incorporated into graduate courses and the project will communicate daily work and unfolding events through social media and blogs while they explore this area of the world that is largely underexplored. | ["POLYGON((-59.402149 -62.131908,-58.9639887 -62.131908,-58.5258284 -62.131908,-58.0876681 -62.131908,-57.6495078 -62.131908,-57.2113475 -62.131908,-56.7731872 -62.131908,-56.3350269 -62.131908,-55.8968666 -62.131908,-55.4587063 -62.131908,-55.020546 -62.131908,-55.020546 -62.384829,-55.020546 -62.63775,-55.020546 -62.890671,-55.020546 -63.143592,-55.020546 -63.396513,-55.020546 -63.649434,-55.020546 -63.902355,-55.020546 -64.155276,-55.020546 -64.408197,-55.020546 -64.661118,-55.4587063 -64.661118,-55.8968666 -64.661118,-56.3350269 -64.661118,-56.7731872 -64.661118,-57.2113475 -64.661118,-57.6495078 -64.661118,-58.0876681 -64.661118,-58.5258284 -64.661118,-58.9639887 -64.661118,-59.402149 -64.661118,-59.402149 -64.408197,-59.402149 -64.155276,-59.402149 -63.902355,-59.402149 -63.649434,-59.402149 -63.396513,-59.402149 -63.143592,-59.402149 -62.890671,-59.402149 -62.63775,-59.402149 -62.384829,-59.402149 -62.131908))"] | ["POINT(-57.2113475 -63.396513)"] | false | false |
Diatom assemblages from Edward VIII Gulf, Kemp Coast, East Antarctica
|
9909367 |
2019-04-25 | Leventer, Amy |
Quaternary Glacial History and Paleoenvironments of the East Antarctic Margin |
This data set describes diatom assemblages and abundances from two sediment cores retrieved from Edward VIII Gulf. The assemblages are used to reconstruct paleoceanographic conditions throughout the Holocene. | ["POLYGON((57 -66,57.3 -66,57.6 -66,57.9 -66,58.2 -66,58.5 -66,58.8 -66,59.1 -66,59.4 -66,59.7 -66,60 -66,60 -66.1,60 -66.2,60 -66.3,60 -66.4,60 -66.5,60 -66.6,60 -66.7,60 -66.8,60 -66.9,60 -67,59.7 -67,59.4 -67,59.1 -67,58.8 -67,58.5 -67,58.2 -67,57.9 -67,57.6 -67,57.3 -67,57 -67,57 -66.9,57 -66.8,57 -66.7,57 -66.6,57 -66.5,57 -66.4,57 -66.3,57 -66.2,57 -66.1,57 -66))"] | ["POINT(58.5 -66.5)"] | false | false |
16S rRNA gene libraries of krill gut microbial communities
|
1543412 |
2019-03-31 | Reinfelder, John |
Methylmercury in Antarctic Krill Microbiomes |
This dataset includes 16S rRNA gene libraries produced from DNA extracted from pooled digestive tracts of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba) collected in coastal waters west of the Antarctic Peninsula in 2014. | ["POLYGON((-69.9043 -65.8708,-69.74203 -65.8708,-69.57976 -65.8708,-69.41749 -65.8708,-69.25522 -65.8708,-69.09295 -65.8708,-68.93068 -65.8708,-68.76841 -65.8708,-68.60614 -65.8708,-68.44387 -65.8708,-68.2816 -65.8708,-68.2816 -66.05698,-68.2816 -66.24316,-68.2816 -66.42934,-68.2816 -66.61552,-68.2816 -66.8017,-68.2816 -66.98788,-68.2816 -67.17406,-68.2816 -67.36024,-68.2816 -67.54642,-68.2816 -67.7326,-68.44387 -67.7326,-68.60614 -67.7326,-68.76841 -67.7326,-68.93068 -67.7326,-69.09295 -67.7326,-69.25522 -67.7326,-69.41749 -67.7326,-69.57976 -67.7326,-69.74203 -67.7326,-69.9043 -67.7326,-69.9043 -67.54642,-69.9043 -67.36024,-69.9043 -67.17406,-69.9043 -66.98788,-69.9043 -66.8017,-69.9043 -66.61552,-69.9043 -66.42934,-69.9043 -66.24316,-69.9043 -66.05698,-69.9043 -65.8708))"] | ["POINT(-69.09295 -66.8017)"] | false | false |
Response time data for snails escaping from predatory sea stars
|
1041022 |
2019-03-13 | Schram, Julie; Amsler, Charles |
The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica |
Response time data for snails escaping from predatory sea stars | [] | [] | false | false |
Summer Oceanographic Measurements near the Mertz Polynya NBP0008
|
9725024 9909374 |
2019-03-11 | Jacobs, Stanley; Mele, Phil; Mortlock, R. A.; Smethie, William M |
Shelf and Bottom Water Formation Near East Antarctic Polynyas and Glaciers Circumpolar Deep Water and the West Antarctic Ice Sheet |
Summer Oceanographic Measurements near the Mertz Polynya (140-150E) on NB Palmer Cruise 00-08. These are processed, high resolution CTD and bottle data files; Standard level listings and station listings and plots. | ["POLYGON((140 -65.5,141 -65.5,142 -65.5,143 -65.5,144 -65.5,145 -65.5,146 -65.5,147 -65.5,148 -65.5,149 -65.5,150 -65.5,150 -65.75,150 -66,150 -66.25,150 -66.5,150 -66.75,150 -67,150 -67.25,150 -67.5,150 -67.75,150 -68,149 -68,148 -68,147 -68,146 -68,145 -68,144 -68,143 -68,142 -68,141 -68,140 -68,140 -67.75,140 -67.5,140 -67.25,140 -67,140 -66.75,140 -66.5,140 -66.25,140 -66,140 -65.75,140 -65.5))"] | ["POINT(145 -66.75)"] | false | false |
Log Sheets of coral samples for LMG1509
|
1245766 |
2019-03-07 | Waller, Rhian |
Cold Corals in Hot Water - Investigating the Physiological Responses of Antarctic Coral Larvae to Climate change Stress |
Station location information of trawl and CTD stations used for collecting coral samples and water for incubation during expedition NBP1509 in 2015 near the Antarctic Peninsula. | ["POLYGON((-66.5 -63,-65.95 -63,-65.4 -63,-64.85 -63,-64.3 -63,-63.75 -63,-63.2 -63,-62.65 -63,-62.1 -63,-61.55 -63,-61 -63,-61 -63.63,-61 -64.26,-61 -64.89,-61 -65.52,-61 -66.15,-61 -66.78,-61 -67.41,-61 -68.04,-61 -68.67,-61 -69.3,-61.55 -69.3,-62.1 -69.3,-62.65 -69.3,-63.2 -69.3,-63.75 -69.3,-64.3 -69.3,-64.85 -69.3,-65.4 -69.3,-65.95 -69.3,-66.5 -69.3,-66.5 -68.67,-66.5 -68.04,-66.5 -67.41,-66.5 -66.78,-66.5 -66.15,-66.5 -65.52,-66.5 -64.89,-66.5 -64.26,-66.5 -63.63,-66.5 -63))"] | ["POINT(-63.75 -66.15)"] | false | false |
Data from Amsler et al. 2019 Antarctic Science, doi:10.1017/S0954102019000014
|
1341333 |
2019-03-04 | Amsler, Charles |
Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing |
These three spreadsheets contain all the data used in Amsler et al. 2019. Impacts of macroalgal-associated gastropods on epiphytic microalgae on the ecologically important Antarctic brown alga Himantothallus grandifolius. Antarctic Science 31: doi:10.1017/S0954102019000014 | ["POLYGON((-65 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.6 -63,-64.4 -63,-64.2 -63,-64 -63,-63.8 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.4 -63,-63.2 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.2,-63 -63.4,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.8,-63 -64,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.4,-63 -64.6,-63 -64.8,-63 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.4 -65,-63.6 -65,-63.8 -65,-64 -65,-64.2 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.6 -65,-64.8 -65,-65 -65,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.6,-65 -64.4,-65 -64.2,-65 -64,-65 -63.8,-65 -63.6,-65 -63.4,-65 -63.2,-65 -63))"] | ["POINT(-64 -64)"] | false | false |
AU1402 mooring data
|
1313826 |
2018-12-24 | Orsi, Alejandro |
Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics |
An array of three moorings (M1-M3) with current meters, temperature, conductivity, and pressure (TCP) recorders were deployed along the eastern flank of the continental shelf off Sabrina Coast, at the main path of the Antarctic Coastal Current indicated by the uCTD data collected earlier during the cruise. These three US mooring were deployed at the 625-m (M1), 620-m (M2) and 1051-m (M3) isobaths. M1 was recovered on 25 February 2014, with a full data return from all of its instruments; whereas M2 and M3 were recovered in early 2015 on board of the Australian RVI Aurora Australis next year (cruise AU1402). The location and schematics of the mooring array design is described below, and also provided among the uploaded files. | ["POLYGON((119 -66,119.3 -66,119.6 -66,119.9 -66,120.2 -66,120.5 -66,120.8 -66,121.1 -66,121.4 -66,121.7 -66,122 -66,122 -66.1,122 -66.2,122 -66.3,122 -66.4,122 -66.5,122 -66.6,122 -66.7,122 -66.8,122 -66.9,122 -67,121.7 -67,121.4 -67,121.1 -67,120.8 -67,120.5 -67,120.2 -67,119.9 -67,119.6 -67,119.3 -67,119 -67,119 -66.9,119 -66.8,119 -66.7,119 -66.6,119 -66.5,119 -66.4,119 -66.3,119 -66.2,119 -66.1,119 -66))"] | ["POINT(120.5 -66.5)"] | false | false |
NBP1402 Final UCTD data
|
1143833 |
2018-12-23 | Orsi, Alejandro |
Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics |
Underway Salinity (Conductivity), Temperature, Depth (Pressure) profiles from NBP1402, final, reduced, quality control version. Data are reported as an ascii table suitable for import to Ocean Data View. | ["POLYGON((117 -64,119.9 -64,122.8 -64,125.7 -64,128.6 -64,131.5 -64,134.4 -64,137.3 -64,140.2 -64,143.1 -64,146 -64,146 -64.4,146 -64.8,146 -65.2,146 -65.6,146 -66,146 -66.4,146 -66.8,146 -67.2,146 -67.6,146 -68,143.1 -68,140.2 -68,137.3 -68,134.4 -68,131.5 -68,128.6 -68,125.7 -68,122.8 -68,119.9 -68,117 -68,117 -67.6,117 -67.2,117 -66.8,117 -66.4,117 -66,117 -65.6,117 -65.2,117 -64.8,117 -64.4,117 -64))"] | ["POINT(131.5 -66)"] | false | false |
Model output NOAA GFDL CM2_6 Cant Hant storage
|
1425989 |
2018-12-14 | Chen, Haidi |
Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM) |
This dataset include the budget terms for heat, carbon and phosphate storage tendency in pre-industrial simulation and climate change simulation forced with atmospheric CO2 increasing at a rate of 1% per year run following 120 years of the pre-industrial simulation. The results are zonally integrated. The dataset also include the meridional overturning circulation in the control and climate simulations. | ["POLYGON((-180 -20,-144 -20,-108 -20,-72 -20,-36 -20,0 -20,36 -20,72 -20,108 -20,144 -20,180 -20,180 -27,180 -34,180 -41,180 -48,180 -55,180 -62,180 -69,180 -76,180 -83,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -83,-180 -76,-180 -69,-180 -62,-180 -55,-180 -48,-180 -41,-180 -34,-180 -27,-180 -20))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Physiological and biochemical measurements on Pycnogonida from McMurdo Sound
|
1341485 1341476 |
2018-12-07 | Moran, Amy; Woods, H. Arthur; Tobalske, Bret |
Collaborative Research: Body Size, Oxygen, and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Antarctic Pycnogonida |
This dataset contains morphometric (mass, surface area, cuticle thickness, cuticle morphometrics) and physiological (oxygen consumption) data for Antarctic pycnognonids collected in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica . | ["POINT(166.67 -77.85)"] | ["POINT(166.67 -77.85)"] | false | false |
Nearshore pH, temperature, (salinity, depth) at mooring sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica, Overwinter 2011-2016
|
1246202 0944201 |
2018-12-05 | Hoshijima, Umihiko; Hofmann, Gretchen; Kapsenberg, Lydia |
Ocean Acidification Seascape: Linking Natural Variability and Anthropogenic changes in pH and Temperature to Performance in Calcifying Antarctic Marine Invertebrates |
This dataset consists of measurements made of pH (total scale) and temperature at various sites in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica with autonomous DuraFET® - based pH sensors. Sensors logged every 4 hours and ran until batteries were exhausted. Sensors were calibrated with water samples following best practices from Dickson et al (2007). Details of select years from this dataset are provided in Kapsenberg et al(2015). | ["POLYGON((163.5281 -77.5715,163.84105 -77.5715,164.154 -77.5715,164.46695 -77.5715,164.7799 -77.5715,165.09285 -77.5715,165.4058 -77.5715,165.71875 -77.5715,166.0317 -77.5715,166.34465 -77.5715,166.6576 -77.5715,166.6576 -77.59928,166.6576 -77.62706,166.6576 -77.65484,166.6576 -77.68262,166.6576 -77.7104,166.6576 -77.73818,166.6576 -77.76596,166.6576 -77.79374,166.6576 -77.82152,166.6576 -77.8493,166.34465 -77.8493,166.0317 -77.8493,165.71875 -77.8493,165.4058 -77.8493,165.09285 -77.8493,164.7799 -77.8493,164.46695 -77.8493,164.154 -77.8493,163.84105 -77.8493,163.5281 -77.8493,163.5281 -77.82152,163.5281 -77.79374,163.5281 -77.76596,163.5281 -77.73818,163.5281 -77.7104,163.5281 -77.68262,163.5281 -77.65484,163.5281 -77.62706,163.5281 -77.59928,163.5281 -77.5715))"] | ["POINT(165.09285 -77.7104)"] | false | false |
Ice-ocean-ecosystem model output
|
1341440 |
2018-11-20 | Jin, Meibing |
Collaborative Research: Phytoplankton Phenology in the Antarctic: Drivers, Patterns, and Implications for the Adelie Penguin |
["POLYGON((-180 -45,-144 -45,-108 -45,-72 -45,-36 -45,0 -45,36 -45,72 -45,108 -45,144 -45,180 -45,180 -49.5,180 -54,180 -58.5,180 -63,180 -67.5,180 -72,180 -76.5,180 -81,180 -85.5,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -85.5,-180 -81,-180 -76.5,-180 -72,-180 -67.5,-180 -63,-180 -58.5,-180 -54,-180 -49.5,-180 -45))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false | |
Basal melt rates of the Ross Ice Shelf near the Whillans Ice Stream grounding line
|
0838947 |
2018-09-09 | Begeman, Carolyn |
Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability & Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake & Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD) |
This dataset contains ice-shelf basal melt rates and vertical strain rates for 11 sites near the Whillans Ice Stream grounding line. These rates were determined using Autonomous Phase-Sensitive Radar. Data processing is described in Begeman et al. 2018, JGR Oceans. These sites are concentrated within an embayment of the Ross Ice Shelf. These melt rates and strain rates were determined over periods ranging from 10 to 38 days in December 2014 to January 2015. | ["POLYGON((-165.28 -84.24,-165.086 -84.24,-164.892 -84.24,-164.698 -84.24,-164.504 -84.24,-164.31 -84.24,-164.116 -84.24,-163.922 -84.24,-163.728 -84.24,-163.534 -84.24,-163.34 -84.24,-163.34 -84.252,-163.34 -84.264,-163.34 -84.276,-163.34 -84.288,-163.34 -84.3,-163.34 -84.312,-163.34 -84.324,-163.34 -84.336,-163.34 -84.348,-163.34 -84.36,-163.534 -84.36,-163.728 -84.36,-163.922 -84.36,-164.116 -84.36,-164.31 -84.36,-164.504 -84.36,-164.698 -84.36,-164.892 -84.36,-165.086 -84.36,-165.28 -84.36,-165.28 -84.348,-165.28 -84.336,-165.28 -84.324,-165.28 -84.312,-165.28 -84.3,-165.28 -84.288,-165.28 -84.276,-165.28 -84.264,-165.28 -84.252,-165.28 -84.24))"] | ["POINT(-164.31 -84.3)"] | false | false |
CTDP/LADCP profile data along Dotson ice shelf calving front from 2000 to 2016
|
1644159 |
2018-07-12 | Dutrieux, Pierre; Jacobs, Stanley; Jenkins, Adrian; Stammerjohn, Sharon | No project link provided | Collection of CTD and LADCP summer profile observations in front of Dotson ice shelf, West Antarctica, between 2000 and 2016. The data can also be obtained from the various investigators and data centers, including the British Oceanographic Data Centre, the National Oceanographic Data Center, and the Korean Oceanographic Data Center. This dataset is used in the publication by Jenkins and collaborators in Nature Geoscience, 2018, entitled West Antarctic Ice Sheet retreat in the Amundsen Sea driven by decadal oceanic variability. | ["POLYGON((-115 -73.5,-114.5 -73.5,-114 -73.5,-113.5 -73.5,-113 -73.5,-112.5 -73.5,-112 -73.5,-111.5 -73.5,-111 -73.5,-110.5 -73.5,-110 -73.5,-110 -73.6,-110 -73.7,-110 -73.8,-110 -73.9,-110 -74,-110 -74.1,-110 -74.2,-110 -74.3,-110 -74.4,-110 -74.5,-110.5 -74.5,-111 -74.5,-111.5 -74.5,-112 -74.5,-112.5 -74.5,-113 -74.5,-113.5 -74.5,-114 -74.5,-114.5 -74.5,-115 -74.5,-115 -74.4,-115 -74.3,-115 -74.2,-115 -74.1,-115 -74,-115 -73.9,-115 -73.8,-115 -73.7,-115 -73.6,-115 -73.5))"] | ["POINT(-112.5 -74)"] | false | false |
Sabrina Coast mooring data - sediment trap mooring 2014
|
1143834 |
2017-11-15 | Huber, Bruce |
Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics |
Time series of temperature and salinity from a sediment trap mooring deployed during NBP1402 on 04 March 2014 at 66S 11, 122 E 30.2, depth 547 m. The mooring was recovered from Aurora Australis on 26 December 2014 | ["POINT(120.5 -66.2)"] | ["POINT(120.5 -66.2)"] | false | false |
NBP1402 Lowered ADCP data
|
1143834 |
2017-11-15 | Huber, Bruce |
Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics |
Lowered Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (LADCP) data collected concurrently with 15 CTD profiles during NBP1402. The LADCP acquires profiles of water current, expressed as U and V components (E-W and N-S). | ["POLYGON((117 -66,119.9 -66,122.8 -66,125.7 -66,128.6 -66,131.5 -66,134.4 -66,137.3 -66,140.2 -66,143.1 -66,146 -66,146 -66.1,146 -66.2,146 -66.3,146 -66.4,146 -66.5,146 -66.6,146 -66.7,146 -66.8,146 -66.9,146 -67,143.1 -67,140.2 -67,137.3 -67,134.4 -67,131.5 -67,128.6 -67,125.7 -67,122.8 -67,119.9 -67,117 -67,117 -66.9,117 -66.8,117 -66.7,117 -66.6,117 -66.5,117 -66.4,117 -66.3,117 -66.2,117 -66.1,117 -66))"] | ["POINT(131.5 -66.5)"] | false | false |
NBP1402 Final CTD data
|
1143834 |
2017-11-10 | Huber, Bruce |
Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics |
Conductivity, Temperature, Depth (CTD) profiles from NBP1402, final, calibrated version. Data are reported as an ascii table suitable for import to Ocean Data View. | ["POLYGON((117 -66,119.9 -66,122.8 -66,125.7 -66,128.6 -66,131.5 -66,134.4 -66,137.3 -66,140.2 -66,143.1 -66,146 -66,146 -66.1,146 -66.2,146 -66.3,146 -66.4,146 -66.5,146 -66.6,146 -66.7,146 -66.8,146 -66.9,146 -67,143.1 -67,140.2 -67,137.3 -67,134.4 -67,131.5 -67,128.6 -67,125.7 -67,122.8 -67,119.9 -67,117 -67,117 -66.9,117 -66.8,117 -66.7,117 -66.6,117 -66.5,117 -66.4,117 -66.3,117 -66.2,117 -66.1,117 -66))"] | ["POINT(131.5 -66.5)"] | false | false |
Anvers Trough Foraminifer Stable Isotope data
|
1246378 |
2017-10-25 | Shevenell, Amelia |
Late Quaternary Evolution of the Lambert Glacier/Amery Ice Shelf System, Prydz Bay, Antarctica |
These are unpublished stable isotope data from a series of sediment cores collected during LMG12-11 and LMG13-11 down the axis of Anvers Trough. These records span the LMG to recent. | ["POLYGON((-65.32 -64.15,-65.309 -64.15,-65.298 -64.15,-65.287 -64.15,-65.276 -64.15,-65.265 -64.15,-65.254 -64.15,-65.243 -64.15,-65.232 -64.15,-65.221 -64.15,-65.21 -64.15,-65.21 -64.186,-65.21 -64.222,-65.21 -64.258,-65.21 -64.294,-65.21 -64.33,-65.21 -64.366,-65.21 -64.402,-65.21 -64.438,-65.21 -64.474,-65.21 -64.51,-65.221 -64.51,-65.232 -64.51,-65.243 -64.51,-65.254 -64.51,-65.265 -64.51,-65.276 -64.51,-65.287 -64.51,-65.298 -64.51,-65.309 -64.51,-65.32 -64.51,-65.32 -64.474,-65.32 -64.438,-65.32 -64.402,-65.32 -64.366,-65.32 -64.33,-65.32 -64.294,-65.32 -64.258,-65.32 -64.222,-65.32 -64.186,-65.32 -64.15))"] | ["POINT(-65.265 -64.33)"] | false | false |
NBP14-02 JPC-55 foraminifer assemblage data
|
1143836 |
2017-08-18 | Shevenell, Amelia; Leventer, Amy |
Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics |
Foraminifer assemblage data for Paleocene sediments collected on Totten continental shelf, East Antarctica. | ["POLYGON((120 -66,120.1 -66,120.2 -66,120.3 -66,120.4 -66,120.5 -66,120.6 -66,120.7 -66,120.8 -66,120.9 -66,121 -66,121 -66.4,121 -66.8,121 -67.2,121 -67.6,121 -68,121 -68.4,121 -68.8,121 -69.2,121 -69.6,121 -70,120.9 -70,120.8 -70,120.7 -70,120.6 -70,120.5 -70,120.4 -70,120.3 -70,120.2 -70,120.1 -70,120 -70,120 -69.6,120 -69.2,120 -68.8,120 -68.4,120 -68,120 -67.6,120 -67.2,120 -66.8,120 -66.4,120 -66))"] | ["POINT(120.5 -68)"] | false | false |
NBP14-02 JPC-54 and JPC-55 Pollen Assemblage data
|
1430550 |
2017-08-18 | Shevenell, Amelia; Smith, Catherine; Domack, Eugene Walter |
Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics |
Pollen assemblage data for Paleocene to early to middle Eocene sediments collected on Totten continental shelf, East Antarctica. | ["POLYGON((120 -66,120.1 -66,120.2 -66,120.3 -66,120.4 -66,120.5 -66,120.6 -66,120.7 -66,120.8 -66,120.9 -66,121 -66,121 -66.4,121 -66.8,121 -67.2,121 -67.6,121 -68,121 -68.4,121 -68.8,121 -69.2,121 -69.6,121 -70,120.9 -70,120.8 -70,120.7 -70,120.6 -70,120.5 -70,120.4 -70,120.3 -70,120.2 -70,120.1 -70,120 -70,120 -69.6,120 -69.2,120 -68.8,120 -68.4,120 -68,120 -67.6,120 -67.2,120 -66.8,120 -66.4,120 -66))"] | ["POINT(120.5 -68)"] | false | false |
NBP14-02 JPC-55 Bulk Sediment Carbon and Nitrogen data
|
1430550 |
2017-08-18 | Smith, Catherine; Shevenell, Amelia; Domack, Eugene Walter |
Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics |
Bulk sediment carbon and nitrogen data data for Paleocene sediments collected on Totten continental shelf, East Antarctica. | ["POLYGON((120 -66,120.1 -66,120.2 -66,120.3 -66,120.4 -66,120.5 -66,120.6 -66,120.7 -66,120.8 -66,120.9 -66,121 -66,121 -66.4,121 -66.8,121 -67.2,121 -67.6,121 -68,121 -68.4,121 -68.8,121 -69.2,121 -69.6,121 -70,120.9 -70,120.8 -70,120.7 -70,120.6 -70,120.5 -70,120.4 -70,120.3 -70,120.2 -70,120.1 -70,120 -70,120 -69.6,120 -69.2,120 -68.8,120 -68.4,120 -68,120 -67.6,120 -67.2,120 -66.8,120 -66.4,120 -66))"] | ["POINT(120.5 -68)"] | false | false |
Thermal windows and metabolic performance curves in a developing Antarctic fish
|
1142122 |
2017-08-07 | Todgham, Anne; Miller, Nathan |
RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes |
This dataset includes data from the publication Flynn and Todgham 2017 - Thermal windows and metabolic performance curves in a developing Antarctic fish. Included are data on embryo survival, development, and metabolic rate. | ["POLYGON((166.5 -77.5,166.55 -77.5,166.6 -77.5,166.65 -77.5,166.7 -77.5,166.75 -77.5,166.8 -77.5,166.85 -77.5,166.9 -77.5,166.95 -77.5,167 -77.5,167 -77.55,167 -77.6,167 -77.65,167 -77.7,167 -77.75,167 -77.8,167 -77.85,167 -77.9,167 -77.95,167 -78,166.95 -78,166.9 -78,166.85 -78,166.8 -78,166.75 -78,166.7 -78,166.65 -78,166.6 -78,166.55 -78,166.5 -78,166.5 -77.95,166.5 -77.9,166.5 -77.85,166.5 -77.8,166.5 -77.75,166.5 -77.7,166.5 -77.65,166.5 -77.6,166.5 -77.55,166.5 -77.5))"] | ["POINT(166.75 -77.75)"] | false | false |
Antarctic emerald rockcod have the capacity to compensate for warming when uncoupled from CO2-acidification
|
1142122 |
2017-08-07 | Todgham, Anne; Miller, Nathan |
RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes |
This dataset includes data from the publication Davis et al - Antarctic emerald rockcod have the capacity to compensate for warming when uncoupled from CO2-acidification. Included are data on cardiorespiratory physiology, survival, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity, behavior (scototaxis & activity) and seawater chemistry. | ["POLYGON((166 -77.5,166.1 -77.5,166.2 -77.5,166.3 -77.5,166.4 -77.5,166.5 -77.5,166.6 -77.5,166.7 -77.5,166.8 -77.5,166.9 -77.5,167 -77.5,167 -77.55,167 -77.6,167 -77.65,167 -77.7,167 -77.75,167 -77.8,167 -77.85,167 -77.9,167 -77.95,167 -78,166.9 -78,166.8 -78,166.7 -78,166.6 -78,166.5 -78,166.4 -78,166.3 -78,166.2 -78,166.1 -78,166 -78,166 -77.95,166 -77.9,166 -77.85,166 -77.8,166 -77.75,166 -77.7,166 -77.65,166 -77.6,166 -77.55,166 -77.5))"] | ["POINT(166.5 -77.75)"] | false | false |
Physiological and biochemical measurements on Antarctic dragonfish (Gymnodraco acuticeps) from McMurdo Sound
|
1142122 |
2017-06-01 | Miller, Nathan; Todgham, Anne; Davis, Brittany; Flynn, Erin |
RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes |
This dataset includes data from the publication "Flynn, et al. (2015) - Ocean acidification exerts negative effects under warming conditions in a developing Antarctic fish". Included are data on embryo survival, development, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity (citrate synthase), whole embryo osmolality and seawater chemistry. | ["POLYGON((166.163 -76.665,166.2635 -76.665,166.364 -76.665,166.4645 -76.665,166.565 -76.665,166.6655 -76.665,166.766 -76.665,166.8665 -76.665,166.967 -76.665,167.0675 -76.665,167.168 -76.665,167.168 -76.782,167.168 -76.899,167.168 -77.016,167.168 -77.133,167.168 -77.25,167.168 -77.367,167.168 -77.484,167.168 -77.601,167.168 -77.718,167.168 -77.835,167.0675 -77.835,166.967 -77.835,166.8665 -77.835,166.766 -77.835,166.6655 -77.835,166.565 -77.835,166.4645 -77.835,166.364 -77.835,166.2635 -77.835,166.163 -77.835,166.163 -77.718,166.163 -77.601,166.163 -77.484,166.163 -77.367,166.163 -77.25,166.163 -77.133,166.163 -77.016,166.163 -76.899,166.163 -76.782,166.163 -76.665))"] | ["POINT(166.6655 -77.25)"] | false | false |
Specimen logs and observations from Weddell Seal colonies in Erebus Bay, 2013-2017
|
1246463 |
2017-05-24 | Burns, Jennifer |
The Cost of A New Fur Coat: Interactions between Molt and Reproduction in Weddell Seals |
This dataset includes an inventory of Weddell Seals captured by net, tagged, and observed at colonies in the Erebus Bay region of Antarctica during 4 austral field seasons between November 2013 and February 2017. Observations recorded include body mass, length, and molt category. | ["POINT(166.55 -77.75)"] | ["POINT(166.55 -77.75)"] | false | false |
Physiological and biochemical measurements on juvenile Antarctic rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii) from McMurdo Sound
|
1142122 |
2017-05-20 | Miller, Nathan; Todgham, Anne; Davis, Brittany; Flynn, Erin |
RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes |
This dataset includes data from the publication "Davis, et al. (2016) - Juvenile Antarctic rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii) are physiologically robust to CO2-acidified seawater". Included are data on cardiorespiratory physiology, survival, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity (citrate synthase) and seawater chemistry. | ["POLYGON((166.163 -76.665,166.2635 -76.665,166.364 -76.665,166.4645 -76.665,166.565 -76.665,166.6655 -76.665,166.766 -76.665,166.8665 -76.665,166.967 -76.665,167.0675 -76.665,167.168 -76.665,167.168 -76.782,167.168 -76.899,167.168 -77.016,167.168 -77.133,167.168 -77.25,167.168 -77.367,167.168 -77.484,167.168 -77.601,167.168 -77.718,167.168 -77.835,167.0675 -77.835,166.967 -77.835,166.8665 -77.835,166.766 -77.835,166.6655 -77.835,166.565 -77.835,166.4645 -77.835,166.364 -77.835,166.2635 -77.835,166.163 -77.835,166.163 -77.718,166.163 -77.601,166.163 -77.484,166.163 -77.367,166.163 -77.25,166.163 -77.133,166.163 -77.016,166.163 -76.899,166.163 -76.782,166.163 -76.665))"] | ["POINT(166.6655 -77.25)"] | false | false |
Video Particle Profiler (VPP) and Digital Inline Holographic Microscopy (DIHM) data from cruise NBP1302
|
1142097 |
2017-01-23 | Bochdansky, Alexander |
Collaborative research: TRacing the fate of Algal Carbon Export in the Ross Sea (TRACERS) |
None | ["POLYGON((163.90952 -67.00006,170.04898 -67.00006,176.18844 -67.00006,182.3279 -67.00006,188.46736 -67.00006,194.60682 -67.00006,200.74628 -67.00006,206.88574 -67.00006,213.0252 -67.00006,219.16466 -67.00006,225.30412 -67.00006,225.30412 -68.15911,225.30412 -69.31816,225.30412 -70.47721,225.30412 -71.63626,225.30412 -72.79531,225.30412 -73.95436,225.30412 -75.11341,225.30412 -76.27246,225.30412 -77.43151,225.30412 -78.59056,219.16466 -78.59056,213.0252 -78.59056,206.88574 -78.59056,200.74628 -78.59056,194.60682 -78.59056,188.46736 -78.59056,182.3279 -78.59056,176.18844 -78.59056,170.04898 -78.59056,163.90952 -78.59056,163.90952 -77.43151,163.90952 -76.27246,163.90952 -75.11341,163.90952 -73.95436,163.90952 -72.79531,163.90952 -71.63626,163.90952 -70.47721,163.90952 -69.31816,163.90952 -68.15911,163.90952 -67.00006))"] | ["POINT(-165.39318 -72.79531)"] | false | false |
Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos
|
1141877 |
2017-01-10 | Aronson, Richard |
Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos |
Elevated temperatures and ocean acidification are both threatening the Southern Ocean. The effects of these environmental changes are poorly understood, but preliminary data suggest that they are driving a biological invasion. Specifically, large populations of skeleton-crushing king crabs, Paralomis birsteini, have been detected off Marguerite Bay on the West Antarctic Peninsula. These crabs appear to be invading the continental shelf region where benthic communities have evolved in the absence of such top-predators. Thus, this invasion could result in a wholesale restructuring of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem. The proposed work seeks to document this invasion and better understand the effects of the introduction of P. birsteini on the ecology of this region. A towed underwater vehicle will be used to photographically image communities, and communities with and without P. birsteini will be compared quantitatively. Additionally, crabs will trapped and various aspects of their morphology and physiology will be assessed. This research is unique in that it will document a biological invasion in real-time and it will therefore enhance our general understandings of the drivers of invasion and resilience in biological communities. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of undergraduate and graduate students and will foster an international collaboration with British scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach thorough the development of K-12 curricular materials. | [] | [] | false | false |
CTD Data Acquired by R/V Xue Long in the Prydz Bay- Amery Ice Shelf Region, 2015-2017
|
1443444 |
2016-05-02 | Yuan, Xiaojun |
Collaborative Research: Contribution of Prydz Bay Shelf Water to Antarctic Bottom Water Formation |
This dataset contains inventories and location maps for CTD data acquired by the icebreaker R/V Xue Long in the Prydz Bay- Amery Ice Shelf region. A total of 68 stations were acquired in February 2015 and 24 stations in March 2017, as part of a joint US/China project to study Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW) formation. | ["POLYGON((65.4503 -63.5143,67.2063 -63.5143,68.9623 -63.5143,70.7183 -63.5143,72.4743 -63.5143,74.2303 -63.5143,75.9863 -63.5143,77.7423 -63.5143,79.4983 -63.5143,81.2543 -63.5143,83.0103 -63.5143,83.0103 -64.09423,83.0103 -64.67416,83.0103 -65.25409,83.0103 -65.83402,83.0103 -66.41395,83.0103 -66.99388,83.0103 -67.57381,83.0103 -68.15374,83.0103 -68.73367,83.0103 -69.3136,81.2543 -69.3136,79.4983 -69.3136,77.7423 -69.3136,75.9863 -69.3136,74.2303 -69.3136,72.4743 -69.3136,70.7183 -69.3136,68.9623 -69.3136,67.2063 -69.3136,65.4503 -69.3136,65.4503 -68.73367,65.4503 -68.15374,65.4503 -67.57381,65.4503 -66.99388,65.4503 -66.41395,65.4503 -65.83402,65.4503 -65.25409,65.4503 -64.67416,65.4503 -64.09423,65.4503 -63.5143))"] | ["POINT(74.2303 -66.41395)"] | false | false |
Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos
|
1141877 |
2016-01-01 | Aronson, Richard |
Collaborative Research: Climate Change and Predatory Invasion of the Antarctic Benthos |
Elevated temperatures and ocean acidification are both threatening the Southern Ocean. The effects of these environmental changes are poorly understood, but preliminary data suggest that they are driving a biological invasion. Specifically, large populations of skeleton-crushing king crabs, Paralomis birsteini, have been detected off Marguerite Bay on the West Antarctic Peninsula. These crabs appear to be invading the continental shelf region where benthic communities have evolved in the absence of such top-predators. Thus, this invasion could result in a wholesale restructuring of the Antarctic benthic ecosystem. The proposed work seeks to document this invasion and better understand the effects of the introduction of P. birsteini on the ecology of this region. A towed underwater vehicle will be used to photographically image communities, and communities with and without P. birsteini will be compared quantitatively. Additionally, crabs will trapped and various aspects of their morphology and physiology will be assessed. This research is unique in that it will document a biological invasion in real-time and it will therefore enhance our general understandings of the drivers of invasion and resilience in biological communities. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of undergraduate and graduate students and will foster an international collaboration with British scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach thorough the development of K-12 curricular materials. | ["POLYGON((-111.18 -49.98,-105.429 -49.98,-99.678 -49.98,-93.927 -49.98,-88.176 -49.98,-82.425 -49.98,-76.674 -49.98,-70.923 -49.98,-65.172 -49.98,-59.421 -49.98,-53.67 -49.98,-53.67 -52.826,-53.67 -55.672,-53.67 -58.518,-53.67 -61.364,-53.67 -64.21,-53.67 -67.056,-53.67 -69.902,-53.67 -72.748,-53.67 -75.594,-53.67 -78.44,-59.421 -78.44,-65.172 -78.44,-70.923 -78.44,-76.674 -78.44,-82.425 -78.44,-88.176 -78.44,-93.927 -78.44,-99.678 -78.44,-105.429 -78.44,-111.18 -78.44,-111.18 -75.594,-111.18 -72.748,-111.18 -69.902,-111.18 -67.056,-111.18 -64.21,-111.18 -61.364,-111.18 -58.518,-111.18 -55.672,-111.18 -52.826,-111.18 -49.98))"] | ["POINT(-82.425 -64.21)"] | false | false |
Linking the Movement Patterns and Foraging Behavior of Humpback Whales to their Prey across Multiple Spatial Scales within the LTER Study Region
|
1250208 |
2016-01-01 | Friedlaender, Ari; Johnston, David; Nowacek, Douglas |
RAPID: Linking the Movement Patterns and Foraging Behavior of Humpback Whales to their Prey across Multiple Spatial Scales within the LTER Study Region |
Whales play a central role in the ecology and biogeochemistry of the Southern Ocean. However, little is known regarding their distribution and behavior, in part because of challenges associated with studying these organisms from large research vessels. This research will take advantage of the unique opportunity presented by the 2012-2013 test run of the smaller, more mobile R/V Point Sur. This work will use the Point Sur to investigate humpback whales in the waters studied by the Palmer Long Term Ecological Research (LTER) Station off the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP). Employing a combination of long-term satellite-linked tags and short-term suction cup tags, researchers will investigate the distribution, abundance and foraging behaviors of whales in this region. Whale biogeography will then be related to quantitative surveys of krill, their primary food source. Hypotheses regarding whale distribution and foraging strategies as well as physical oceanographic features will be tested. The WAP is undergoing some of the most dramatic warming on the planet, and a better understanding of the ecology of top predators is central to developing an understanding of the impacts of this change. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. Finally, this work will be coordinated with the extensive infrastructure of the Palmer LTER site, enabling outreach and educational activities. | ["POLYGON((-80 -63,-78 -63,-76 -63,-74 -63,-72 -63,-70 -63,-68 -63,-66 -63,-64 -63,-62 -63,-60 -63,-60 -63.7,-60 -64.4,-60 -65.1,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.5,-60 -67.2,-60 -67.9,-60 -68.6,-60 -69.3,-60 -70,-62 -70,-64 -70,-66 -70,-68 -70,-70 -70,-72 -70,-74 -70,-76 -70,-78 -70,-80 -70,-80 -69.3,-80 -68.6,-80 -67.9,-80 -67.2,-80 -66.5,-80 -65.8,-80 -65.1,-80 -64.4,-80 -63.7,-80 -63))"] | ["POINT(-70 -66.5)"] | false | false |
A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization
|
1355533 |
2016-01-01 | Dayton, Paul |
EAGER: A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization |
Antarctic benthic communities are characterized by many species of sponges (Phylum Porifera), long thought to exhibit extremely slow demographic patterns of settlement, growth and reproduction. This project will analyze many hundreds of diver and remotely operated underwater vehicle photographs documenting a unique, episodic settlement event that occurred between 2000 and 2010 in McMurdo Sound that challenges this paradigm of slow growth. Artificial structures were placed on the seafloor between 1967 and 1974 at several sites, but no sponges were observed to settle on these structures until 2004. By 2010 some 40 species of sponges had settled and grown to be surprisingly large. Given the paradigm of slow settlement and growth supported by the long observation period (37 years, 1967-2004), this extraordinary large-scale settlement and rapid growth over just a 6-year time span is astonishing. This project utilizes image processing software (ImageJ) to obtain metrics (linear dimensions to estimate size, frequency, percent cover) for sponges and other fauna visible in the photographs. It uses R to conduct multidimensional scaling to ordinate community data and ANOSIM to test for differences of community data among sites and times and structures. It will also use SIMPER and ranked species abundances to discriminate species responsible for any differences. This work focuses on Antarctic sponges, but the observations of massive episodic recruitment and growth are important to understanding seafloor communities worldwide. Ecosystems are composed of populations, and populations are ecologically described by their distribution and abundance. A little appreciated fact is that sponges often dominate marine communities, but because sponges are so hard to study, most workers focus on other groups such as corals, kelps, or bivalves. Because most sponges settle and grow slowly their life history is virtually unstudied. The assumption of relative stasis of the Antarctic seafloor community is common, and this project will shatter this paradigm by documenting a dramatic episodic event. Finally, the project takes advantage of old transects from the 1960s and 1970s and compares them with extensive 2010 surveys of the same habitats and sometimes the same intact transect lines, offering a long-term perspective of community change. The investigators will publish these results in peer-reviewed journals, give presentations to the general public and will involve students from local outreach programs, high schools, and undergraduates at UCSD to help with the analysis. | ["POLYGON((163 -78,163.4 -78,163.8 -78,164.2 -78,164.6 -78,165 -78,165.4 -78,165.8 -78,166.2 -78,166.6 -78,167 -78,167 -78.05,167 -78.1,167 -78.15,167 -78.2,167 -78.25,167 -78.3,167 -78.35,167 -78.4,167 -78.45,167 -78.5,166.6 -78.5,166.2 -78.5,165.8 -78.5,165.4 -78.5,165 -78.5,164.6 -78.5,164.2 -78.5,163.8 -78.5,163.4 -78.5,163 -78.5,163 -78.45,163 -78.4,163 -78.35,163 -78.3,163 -78.25,163 -78.2,163 -78.15,163 -78.1,163 -78.05,163 -78))"] | ["POINT(165 -78.25)"] | false | false |
Adaptive Responses of Phaeocystis Populations in Antarctic Ecosystems
|
1142018 |
2016-01-01 | Arrigo, Kevin |
Collaborative Research: Adaptive Responses of Phaeocystis Populations in Antarctic Ecosystems |
Global climate change is having significant effects on areas of the Southern Ocean, and a better understanding of this ecosystem will permit predictions about the large-scale implications of these shifts. The haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica is an important component of the phytoplankton communities in this region, but little is known about the factors controlling its distribution. Preliminary data suggest that P. antarctica posses unique adaptations that allow it to thrive in regions with dynamic light regimes. This research will extend these results to identify the physiological and genetic mechanisms that affect the growth and distribution of P. antarctica. This work will use field and laboratory-based studies and a suite of modern molecular techniques to better understand the biogeography and physiology of this key organism. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of two graduate students and will foster an established international collaboration with Dutch scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach programs targeting K12 teachers as well as high school students. | ["POLYGON((-75.8 -61.08,-74.457 -61.08,-73.114 -61.08,-71.771 -61.08,-70.428 -61.08,-69.085 -61.08,-67.742 -61.08,-66.399 -61.08,-65.056 -61.08,-63.713 -61.08,-62.37 -61.08,-62.37 -61.684,-62.37 -62.288,-62.37 -62.892,-62.37 -63.496,-62.37 -64.1,-62.37 -64.704,-62.37 -65.308,-62.37 -65.912,-62.37 -66.516,-62.37 -67.12,-63.713 -67.12,-65.056 -67.12,-66.399 -67.12,-67.742 -67.12,-69.085 -67.12,-70.428 -67.12,-71.771 -67.12,-73.114 -67.12,-74.457 -67.12,-75.8 -67.12,-75.8 -66.516,-75.8 -65.912,-75.8 -65.308,-75.8 -64.704,-75.8 -64.1,-75.8 -63.496,-75.8 -62.892,-75.8 -62.288,-75.8 -61.684,-75.8 -61.08))"] | ["POINT(-69.085 -64.1)"] | false | false |
Bromide in Snow in the Sea Ice Zone
|
1043145 |
2016-01-01 | Obbard, Rachel |
Bromide in Snow in the Sea Ice Zone |
A range of chemical and microphysical pathways in polar latitudes, including spring time (tropospheric) ozone depletion, oxidative pathways for mercury, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) production leading to changes in the cloud cover and attendant surface energy budgets, have been invoked as being dependent upon the emission of halogen gases formed in sea-ice. The prospects for climate warming induced reductions in sea ice extent causing alteration of these incompletely known surface-atmospheric feedbacks and interactions requires confirmation of mechanistic details in both laboratory studies and field campaigns. One such mechanistic question is how bromine (BrO and Br) enriched snow migrates or is formed through processes in sea-ice, prior to its subsequent mobilization as an aerosol fraction into the atmosphere by strong winds. Once aloft, it may react with ozone and other atmospheric species. Dartmouth researchers will collect snow from the surface of sea ice, from freely blowing snow and in sea-ice cores from Cape Byrd, Ross Sea. A range of spectroscopic, microanalytic and and microstructural approaches will be subsequently used to determine the Br distribution gradients through sea-ice, in order to shed light on how sea-ice first forms and then releases bromine species into the polar atmospheric boundary layer. | ["POLYGON((164.1005 -77.1188,164.36443 -77.1188,164.62836 -77.1188,164.89229 -77.1188,165.15622 -77.1188,165.42015 -77.1188,165.68408 -77.1188,165.94801 -77.1188,166.21194 -77.1188,166.47587 -77.1188,166.7398 -77.1188,166.7398 -77.19337,166.7398 -77.26794,166.7398 -77.34251,166.7398 -77.41708,166.7398 -77.49165,166.7398 -77.56622,166.7398 -77.64079,166.7398 -77.71536,166.7398 -77.78993,166.7398 -77.8645,166.47587 -77.8645,166.21194 -77.8645,165.94801 -77.8645,165.68408 -77.8645,165.42015 -77.8645,165.15622 -77.8645,164.89229 -77.8645,164.62836 -77.8645,164.36443 -77.8645,164.1005 -77.8645,164.1005 -77.78993,164.1005 -77.71536,164.1005 -77.64079,164.1005 -77.56622,164.1005 -77.49165,164.1005 -77.41708,164.1005 -77.34251,164.1005 -77.26794,164.1005 -77.19337,164.1005 -77.1188))"] | ["POINT(165.42015 -77.49165)"] | false | false |
Evolution and Diversity of Antarctic Rhizarian Protists
|
0944646 |
2016-01-01 | Bowser, Samuel S. |
Evolution and Diversity of Antarctic Rhizarian Protists |
This research project will continue studies of a taxonomically definitive group of early evolving (single-chambered) Foraminifera at both multi-gene molecular and ultrastructural levels of analysis, in order to generate more robust and detailed phylogenies of these ecologically-important organisms. Studies will be extended to include members of the enigmatic genus Gromia, to better define their ecological significance and placement within the protistan supergroup Rhizara. Together, these structural and molecular data will be used to complete taxonomic descriptions of over 20 new rhizarian species. The research will develop rapid molecular screening methods for future ecological studies of rhizarian protists, and uncover the driving forces that led to their diversification. A range of educational activities will target local and national audiences, and include development of hands-on, standards-based, innovative science classroom activities. In addition, a short art/science documentary film depicting research on the biology and evolution of Antarctic rhizarian protists will form the basis of a workshop hosted by the Capital Region Center for Arts in Education. Note: There are no data associated with this entry. | ["POLYGON((-160 -68,-159 -68,-158 -68,-157 -68,-156 -68,-155 -68,-154 -68,-153 -68,-152 -68,-151 -68,-150 -68,-150 -69,-150 -70,-150 -71,-150 -72,-150 -73,-150 -74,-150 -75,-150 -76,-150 -77,-150 -78,-151 -78,-152 -78,-153 -78,-154 -78,-155 -78,-156 -78,-157 -78,-158 -78,-159 -78,-160 -78,-160 -77,-160 -76,-160 -75,-160 -74,-160 -73,-160 -72,-160 -71,-160 -70,-160 -69,-160 -68))"] | ["POINT(-155 -73)"] | false | false |
Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability and Subglacial Life Habitats - Robotic Access to Grounding-zones for Exploration and Science (RAGES)
|
0839107 |
2016-01-01 | Powell, Ross |
Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability & Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake & Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD) |
The RAGES project (Robotic Access to Grounding zones for Exploration and Science) is one of three research components of the WISSARD (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) integrative initiative that is being funded by the Antarctic Integrated System Science Program of NSF's Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. The overarching scientific objective of WISSARD is to assess the role of water beneath a West Antarctic ice stream in interlinked glaciological, geological, microbiological, geochemical, and oceanographic systems. The RAGES component of WISSARD concentrates on the stability of ice stream grounding zones (GZ), the area where the ice, ocean waters and glacial and sea floor sediment interact. Based on our present limited data and modeling efforts, GZs can be perturbed by (i) internal ice stream dynamics, (ii) filling/draining cycles of subglacial lakes, (iii) increased melting by warming ocean waters, and/or (iv) rates of subglacial sediment (till) supply to the GZ. GZs are seen as high priority targets to investigate due to their unknown contributions to ice sheet stability under future global warming scenarios. The three main science goals for RAGES are to assess: (a) West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) stability relative to the magnitudes of the four main variables listed above; (b) the degree to which grounding-zone sedimentary systems house important records of past WAIS dynamics; and (c) the importance of microbial activity and subglacial geochemical weathering in supplying nutrients to the WAIS grounding zone, the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) cavity, and the highly productive Southern Ocean that may ultimately influence global biogeochemical cycles. The RAGES field sampling plan integrates surface geophysical surveys with borehole and subglacial sampling and measurements. The boreholes provide: (1) samples of subglacial water, sediments, and basal ice for biological, geochemical, glaciological, sedimentological, and micropaleontological analyses; (2) measures of subglacial and sub-ice-shelf cavity physical and chemical conditions and their spatial variability; and (3) data on sediment types, state and change of the subglacial water discharge, oceanography, and basal ice at the grounding line and within the nearby sub-ice-shelf cavity. Unique tools to be deployed include a multisensor Sub-Ice ROVer (Remotely Operated Vehicle) and long-term, sub-ice oceanographic moorings. The latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recognized that the greatest uncertainties in assessing future global sea-level change stem from a poor understanding of ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet vulnerability to oceanic and atmospheric warming. Disintegration of the WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) alone would contribute 3-5 m to global sea-level rise, making WAIS a focus of scientific concern due to its potential susceptibility to internal or ocean-driven instability. The overall WISSARD project will test the overarching hypothesis that active water drainage connects various subglacial environments and exerts major control on ice sheet flow, geochemistry, metabolic and phylogenetic diversity, and biogeochemical transformations. Societal Relevance: Global warming, melting of ice sheets and consequential sea-level rise are of high societal relevance. Science Resource Development: After a 9-year hiatus WISSARD will provide the US-science community with a renewed capability to access and study sub-ice sheet environments. Developing this technological infrastructure will benefit the broader science community and assets will be accessible for future use through the NSF-OPP drilling contractor. The RAGES project represents a significant advance in polar technology by incorporating the use of complex new instrumentation like the Sub-Ice ROVer and subglacial ocean/lake mooring systems. Furthermore, these projects will pioneer an approach implementing recommendations from the National Research Council committee on Principles of Environmental Stewardship for the Exploration and Study of Subglacial Environments (2007). Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating them in our research programs; ii) introducing new investigators to the polar sciences by incorporating promising young investigators in our programs, iii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by incorporating various teachers and NSTA programs, and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as popular science magazines, museum based activities and videography and documentary films. In summary, WISSARD will promote scientific exploration of Antarctica by conveying to the public the excitement of accessing and studying what may be some of the last unexplored aquatic environments on Earth, and which represent a potential analogue for extraterrestrial life habitats on Europa and Mars. | ["POLYGON((-163.7 -84,-163.68 -84,-163.66 -84,-163.64 -84,-163.62 -84,-163.6 -84,-163.58 -84,-163.56 -84,-163.54 -84,-163.52 -84,-163.5 -84,-163.5 -84.05,-163.5 -84.1,-163.5 -84.15,-163.5 -84.2,-163.5 -84.25,-163.5 -84.3,-163.5 -84.35,-163.5 -84.4,-163.5 -84.45,-163.5 -84.5,-163.52 -84.5,-163.54 -84.5,-163.56 -84.5,-163.58 -84.5,-163.6 -84.5,-163.62 -84.5,-163.64 -84.5,-163.66 -84.5,-163.68 -84.5,-163.7 -84.5,-163.7 -84.45,-163.7 -84.4,-163.7 -84.35,-163.7 -84.3,-163.7 -84.25,-163.7 -84.2,-163.7 -84.15,-163.7 -84.1,-163.7 -84.05,-163.7 -84))"] | ["POINT(-163.6 -84.25)"] | false | false |
Fiber-Optic Distributed Temperature Sensing at Windless Bight
|
1043217 1043154 1043395 |
2015-05-05 | Holland, David; Tyler, Scott W.; Zagorodnov, Victor |
Collaborative Research: Application of Distributed Temperature Sensors (DTS) for Antarctic Ice Shelves and Cavities |
Fiber-optic equipped moorings for Raman backscatter Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) were installed at Windless Bight, Antarctica in November 2011. Continuous-in-space measurements of temperature were recorded every meter along the mooring. | ["POINT(167.5333 -77.76667)"] | ["POINT(167.5333 -77.76667)"] | false | false |
Ecophysiology of DMSP and related compounds and their contributions to carbon and sulfur dynamics in Phaeocystis antarctica
|
0944659 |
2015-01-01 | Kiene, Ronald |
Collaborative Research: Ecophysiology of DMSP and related compounds and their contributions to carbon and sulfur dynamics in Phaeocystis antarctica |
Spectacular blooms of Phaeocystis antarctica in the Ross Sea, Antarctica are the source of some of the world's highest concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its volatile degradation product, dimethylsulfide (DMS). The flux of DMS from the oceans to the atmosphere in this region and its subsequent gas phase oxidation generates aerosols that have a strong influence on cloud properties and possibly climate. In the oceans, DMS and DMSP are quantitatively significant components of the carbon, sulfur, and energy flows in marine food webs, especially in the Ross Sea. Despite its central role in carbon and sulfur biogeochemistry in the Ross Sea, surprisingly little is known about the physiological functions of DMSP in P. Antarctica. The research will isolate and characterize DMSP lyases from P. antarctica, with the goal of obtaining amino acid and gene sequence information on these important enzymes. The physiological studies will focus on the effects of varying intensities of photosynthetically active radiation, with and without ultraviolet radiation as these are factors that we have found to be important controls on DMSP and DMS dynamics. The research also will examine the effects of prolonged darkness on the dynamics of DMSP and related compounds in P. antarctica, as survival of this species during the dark Antarctic winter and at sub-euphotic depths appears to be an important part of the Phaeocystis? ecology. A unique aspect of this work is the focus on measurements of intracellular MSA, which if detected, would provide strong evidence for in vivo radical scavenging functions for methyl sulfur compounds. The study will advance understanding of what controls DMSP cycling and ultimately DMS emissions from the Ross Sea and also provide information on what makes P. antarctica so successful in this extreme environment. The research will directly benefit and build on several interrelated ocean-atmosphere programs including the International Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program. The PIs will participate in several activities involving K-12 education, High School teacher training, public education and podcasting through the auspices of the Dauphin Island Sea Lab Discovery Hall program and SUNY ESF. Two graduate students will be employed full time, and six undergraduates (2 each summer) will be trained as part of this project. | ["POLYGON((-160 -68,-159 -68,-158 -68,-157 -68,-156 -68,-155 -68,-154 -68,-153 -68,-152 -68,-151 -68,-150 -68,-150 -69,-150 -70,-150 -71,-150 -72,-150 -73,-150 -74,-150 -75,-150 -76,-150 -77,-150 -78,-151 -78,-152 -78,-153 -78,-154 -78,-155 -78,-156 -78,-157 -78,-158 -78,-159 -78,-160 -78,-160 -77,-160 -76,-160 -75,-160 -74,-160 -73,-160 -72,-160 -71,-160 -70,-160 -69,-160 -68))"] | ["POINT(-155 -73)"] | false | false |
Origin of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Antarctic Atmosphere, Snow and Marine Food Web
|
1332492 |
2015-01-01 | Lohmann, Rainer |
RAPID: Origin of Persistent Organic Pollutants in the Antarctic Atmosphere, Snow and Marine Food WEB |
Many persistent organic pollutants (POPs), though banned in the U.S. since the 1970s, remain in the environment and continue to reach hitherto pristine regions such as the Arctic and Antarctic. The overall goals of this RAPID project are to better understand the remobilization of POPs from melting glaciers in the Antarctic, and their transfer into the food-web. Legacy POPs have characteristic chemical signatures that will be used ascertain the origin of POPs in the Antarctic atmosphere and marine food-web. Samples that were collected in 2010 will be analyzed for a wide range of legacy POPs, and their behavior will be contrasted with results for emerging contaminants. The intellectual merit of the proposed research combines (a) the use of chemical signatures to assess whether melting glaciers are releasing legacy POPs back into the Antarctic marine ecosystem, and (b) a better understanding of the food-web dynamics of legacy POPs versus emerging organic pollutants. The broader impacts of the proposed research project will include the training of the next generation of scientists through support for a graduate student and a postdoctoral scholar. As well, this work will result in a better understanding of the relationship between pollutants, trophic food web ecology and global climate change in the pristine Antarctic ecosystem. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking data (RAATD): International Crabeater and Weddell Seal Tracking Data Sets
|
1321782 |
2015-01-01 | Costa, Daniel |
Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking data (RAATD): International Crabeater and Weddell Seal Tracking Data Sets |
Identifying the basic habitat requirements of Antarctic predators is fundamental to understanding how they will respond to the human-induced challenges of commercial fisheries and climate change. This understanding can only be achieved if the underlying linkages to physical processes are related to animal movements. As part of the international Retrospective Analysis of Antarctic Tracking Data (RAATD) organized by the SCAR Expert Group of Birds and Marine Mammals, this research will collate and synthesize tracking data from crabeater seals, Lobodon carcinophagus, and Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddelli. These data will be combined with all available data from the Southern Ocean that has been collected by researchers from Norway, United Kingdom, Germany, Australia and the USA. These data will be analyzed using a common analytical approach and synthesized into a synoptic view of these two species across the Southern Ocean. The diving and movement patterns will be examined for each species. As well, the total home range and core habitat utilization patterns for each species and region will be determined. This study will develop global habitat maps for each species based on physical and biological attributes of their 'hot-spots' and then overlay all the species specific maps to identify multi-species areas of ecological significance. Broader impacts include support and training for a postdoctoral scholar, the production of a publicly available database and the participation in an international data synthesis effort. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica
|
1043657 |
2015-01-01 | Cassano, John; Palo, Scott |
Collaborative Research: Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica |
Antarctic coastal polynas are, at the same time, sea-ice free sites and 'sea-ice factories'. They are open water surface locations where water mass transformation and densification occurs, and where atmospheric exchanges with the deep ocean circulation are established. Various models of the formation and persistence of these productive and diverse ocean ecosystems are hampered by the relative lack of in situ meteorological and physical oceanographic observations, especially during the inhospitable conditions of their formation and activity during the polar night. Characterization of the lower atmosphere properties, air-sea surface heat fluxes and corresponding ocean hydrographic profiles of Antarctic polynyas, especially during strong wind events, is sought for a more detailed understanding of the role of polynyas in the production of latent-heat type sea ice and the formation, through sea ice brine rejection, of dense ocean bottom waters. A key technological innovation in this work continues to be the use of instrumented unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), to enable the persistent and safe observation of the interaction of light and strong katabatic wind fields, and mesocale cyclones in the Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Antarctica) polynya waters during late winter and early summer time frames. | ["POLYGON((163 -74.5,163.9 -74.5,164.8 -74.5,165.7 -74.5,166.6 -74.5,167.5 -74.5,168.4 -74.5,169.3 -74.5,170.2 -74.5,171.1 -74.5,172 -74.5,172 -74.9,172 -75.3,172 -75.7,172 -76.1,172 -76.5,172 -76.9,172 -77.3,172 -77.7,172 -78.1,172 -78.5,171.1 -78.5,170.2 -78.5,169.3 -78.5,168.4 -78.5,167.5 -78.5,166.6 -78.5,165.7 -78.5,164.8 -78.5,163.9 -78.5,163 -78.5,163 -78.1,163 -77.7,163 -77.3,163 -76.9,163 -76.5,163 -76.1,163 -75.7,163 -75.3,163 -74.9,163 -74.5))"] | ["POINT(167.5 -76.5)"] | false | false |
The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica
|
1041022 |
2015-01-01 | McClintock, James; Amsler, Charles; Angus, Robert |
The effects of ocean acidification and rising sea surface temperatures on shallow-water benthic organisms in Antarctica |
The research will investigate the individual and combined effects of rising ocean acidification and sea surface temperatures on shallow-water calcified benthic organisms in western Antarctic Peninsular (WAP) marine communities. The Southern Ocean is predicted to become undersaturated in terms of both aragonite and calcite within 50 and 100 years, respectively, challenging calcification processes. Adding to the problem, antarctic calcified benthic marine organisms are more vulnerable to ocean acidification than temperate and tropical species because they are generally weakly calcified. Many antarctic organisms are essentially stenothermal, and those in the West Antarctic Peninsula are being subjected to rising seawater temperatures. The project employs both single-species and multi-species level approaches to evaluating the impacts of rising ocean acidification and seawater temperature on representative calcified and non-calcified macroalgae, on calcified and non-calcified mesograzers, and on a calcified macro-grazer, all of which are important ecological players in the rich benthic communities. Multi-species analysis will focus on the diverse assemblage of amphipods and mesogastropods that are associated with dominant macroalgae that collectively play a key role in community dynamics along the WAP. The project will support undergraduate research, both through NSF programs, as well as home university-based programs, some designed to enhance the representation of minorities in the sciences. The principal investigators also will support and foster graduate education through mentoring of graduate students. Through their highly successful UAB IN ANTARCTICA interactive web program, they will continue to involve large numbers of teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large in their scientific endeavors in Antarctica. | ["POLYGON((-79 -60,-76.4 -60,-73.8 -60,-71.2 -60,-68.6 -60,-66 -60,-63.4 -60,-60.8 -60,-58.2 -60,-55.6 -60,-53 -60,-53 -61,-53 -62,-53 -63,-53 -64,-53 -65,-53 -66,-53 -67,-53 -68,-53 -69,-53 -70,-55.6 -70,-58.2 -70,-60.8 -70,-63.4 -70,-66 -70,-68.6 -70,-71.2 -70,-73.8 -70,-76.4 -70,-79 -70,-79 -69,-79 -68,-79 -67,-79 -66,-79 -65,-79 -64,-79 -63,-79 -62,-79 -61,-79 -60))"] | ["POINT(-66 -65)"] | false | false |
Pre and Post Molt Biology of Emperor Penguins - Oden Trans - Ross / Amundsen Sea Cruise
|
1043454 |
2015-01-01 | Kooyman, Gerald |
Pre and post molt biology of emperor penguins - Oden trans - Ross / Amundsen Sea cruise |
The emperor penguin dives deeper and longer, fasts longer, and endures the harshest weather conditions of all diving birds. It spends about four and half months per annum deep in Antarctic pack ice away from shore and stations, and thus is largely unavailable for study. This time includes preparation for the molt, and travel to the colony to breed, a time period in which great swings in body weight occur. This study will fill an important gap in what we know about the biology of the annual cycle of the emperor by examining the molt-post molt period. The P.I. proposes to traverse the Amundsen and Bellingshausen seas on the Oden, to locate and tag emperor penguins during the molt season. The objectives are to (1) Place satellite tags on 20 adult post molt birds to determine their route, rate of travel, and diving behavior as they return back to their breeding colonies, (2) Obtain an index of body condition, (3) Collect guano to determine the type of food consumed by emperor penguins in the region, (4) Conduct shipboard surveys to sight and plot the location and abundance of adult and juvenile birds on the ship's track. The PI hypothesizes that bird dives will be shallow during the initial post-molt phase, and that food will consist primarily of krill; that there will be differential dispersal of birds from the Ross Sea vs. Marie Byrd Land, with Ross Sea birds traveling farther; and that the greatest adult mortality occurs during the molt and early post molt period. Broader impacts include training of a post doc, a graduate student, and an aquarium volunteer. The P.I. also will present findings through a website, through public lectures, and in collaboration with the Birch aquarium. | ["POLYGON((-172.642 -72.55,-170.9074 -72.55,-169.1728 -72.55,-167.4382 -72.55,-165.7036 -72.55,-163.969 -72.55,-162.2344 -72.55,-160.4998 -72.55,-158.7652 -72.55,-157.0306 -72.55,-155.296 -72.55,-155.296 -73.0743,-155.296 -73.5986,-155.296 -74.1229,-155.296 -74.6472,-155.296 -75.1715,-155.296 -75.6958,-155.296 -76.2201,-155.296 -76.7444,-155.296 -77.2687,-155.296 -77.793,-157.0306 -77.793,-158.7652 -77.793,-160.4998 -77.793,-162.2344 -77.793,-163.969 -77.793,-165.7036 -77.793,-167.4382 -77.793,-169.1728 -77.793,-170.9074 -77.793,-172.642 -77.793,-172.642 -77.2687,-172.642 -76.7444,-172.642 -76.2201,-172.642 -75.6958,-172.642 -75.1715,-172.642 -74.6472,-172.642 -74.1229,-172.642 -73.5986,-172.642 -73.0743,-172.642 -72.55))"] | ["POINT(-163.969 -75.1715)"] | false | false |
Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea
|
0838937 |
2014-01-01 | Costa, Daniel |
Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea |
Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal's diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts. | ["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"] | ["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"] | false | false |
Ammonia Oxidation Versus Heterotrophy in Crenarchaeota Populations from Marine Environments West of the Antarctic Peninsula
|
0838996 |
2014-01-01 | Hollibaugh, James T. |
Ammonia Oxidation Versus Heterotrophy in Crenarchaeota Populations from Marine Environments West of the Antarctic Peninsula |
Ammonia oxidation is the first step in the conversion of regenerated nitrogen to dinitrogen gas, a 3-step pathway mediated by 3 distinct guilds of bacteria and archaea. Ammonia oxidation and the overall process of nitrification-denitrification have received relatively little attention in polar oceans where the effects of climate change on biogeochemical rates are likely to be pronounced. Previous work on Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea (AOA) in the Palmer LTER study area West of the Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), has suggested strong vertical segregation of crenarchaeote metabolism, with the 'winter water' (WW, ~50-100 m depth range) dominated by non-AOA crenarchaeotes, while Crenarchaeota populations in the 'circumpolar deep water' (CDW), which lies immediately below the winter water (150-3500 m), are dominated by AOA. Analysis of a limited number of samples from the Arctic Ocean did not reveal a comparable vertical segregation of AOA, and suggested that AOA and Crenarchaeota abundance is much lower there than in the Antarctic. These findings led to 3 hypotheses that will be tested in this project: 1) the apparent low abundance of Crenarchaeota and AOA in Arctic Ocean samples may be due to spatial or temporal variability in populations; 2) the WW population of Crenarchaeota in the WAP is dominated by a heterotroph; 3) the WW population of Crenarchaeota in the WAP 'grows in' during spring and summer after this water mass forms. The study will contribute substantially to understanding an important aspect of the nitrogen cycle in the Palmer LTER (Long Term Ecological Research) study area by providing insights into the ecology and physiology of AOA. The natural segregation of crenarchaeote phenotypes in waters of the WAP, coupled with metagenomic studies in progress in the same area by others (A. Murray, H. Ducklow), offers the possibility of major breakthroughs in understanding of the metabolic capabilities of these organisms. This knowledge is needed to model how water column nitrification will respond to changes in polar ecosystems accompanying global climate change. The Principal Investigator will participate fully in the education and outreach efforts of the Palmer LTER, including making highlights of our findings available for posting to their project web site and participating in outreach (for example, Schoolyard LTER). The research also will involve undergraduates (including the field work if possible) and will support high school interns in the P.I.'s laboratory over the summer. | ["POLYGON((-79 -63,-77.5 -63,-76 -63,-74.5 -63,-73 -63,-71.5 -63,-70 -63,-68.5 -63,-67 -63,-65.5 -63,-64 -63,-64 -63.8,-64 -64.6,-64 -65.4,-64 -66.2,-64 -67,-64 -67.8,-64 -68.6,-64 -69.4,-64 -70.2,-64 -71,-65.5 -71,-67 -71,-68.5 -71,-70 -71,-71.5 -71,-73 -71,-74.5 -71,-76 -71,-77.5 -71,-79 -71,-79 -70.2,-79 -69.4,-79 -68.6,-79 -67.8,-79 -67,-79 -66.2,-79 -65.4,-79 -64.6,-79 -63.8,-79 -63))"] | ["POINT(-71.5 -67)"] | false | false |
Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri
|
0944201 |
2014-01-01 | Hofmann, Gretchen |
Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri |
This research examines the effects of ocean acidification on embryos and larvae of a contemporary calcifier in the coastal waters of Antarctica, the sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri. The effect of future ocean acidification is projected to be particularly threatening to calcifying marine organisms in coldwater, high latitude seas, making tolerance data on these organisms a critical research need in Antarctic marine ecosystems. Due to a high magnesium (Mg) content of their calcitic hard parts, echinoderms are especially vulnerable to dissolution stress from ocean acidification because they currently inhabit seawater that is barely at the saturation level to support biogenic calcification. Thus, cold-water, high latitude species with a high Mg-content in their hard parts are considered to be the 'first responders' to chemical changes in the surface oceans. Studies in this proposal will use several metrics to examine the physiological plasticity of contemporary urchin embryos and larvae to CO2-acidified seawater, to mimic the scenarios defined by IPCC models and by analyses of future acidification predicted for the Southern Ocean. The research also will investigats the biological consequences of synergistic interactions of two converging climate change-related stressors - CO2- driven ocean acidification and ocean warming. Specifically the research will (1) assess the effect of CO2-acidified seawater on the development of early embryos and larvae, (2) using morphometrics, examine changes in the larval endoskeleton in response to development under the high-CO2 conditions of ocean acidification, (3) using a DNA microarray, profile changes in gene expression for genes involved in biomineralization and other important physiological processes, and (4) measure costs and physiological consequences of development under conditions of ocean acidification. The proposal will support the training of undergraduates, graduate students and a postdoctoral fellow. The PI also will collaborate with the UC Santa Barbara Gevirtz Graduate School of Education to link the biological effects of ocean acidification to the chemical changes expected for the Southern Ocean using the 'Science on a Sphere' technology. This display will be housed in an education and public outreach center, the Outreach Center for Teaching Ocean Science (OCTOS), a new state-of-the-art facility under construction at UC Santa Barbara. | ["POLYGON((-160 -68,-159 -68,-158 -68,-157 -68,-156 -68,-155 -68,-154 -68,-153 -68,-152 -68,-151 -68,-150 -68,-150 -69,-150 -70,-150 -71,-150 -72,-150 -73,-150 -74,-150 -75,-150 -76,-150 -77,-150 -78,-151 -78,-152 -78,-153 -78,-154 -78,-155 -78,-156 -78,-157 -78,-158 -78,-159 -78,-160 -78,-160 -77,-160 -76,-160 -75,-160 -74,-160 -73,-160 -72,-160 -71,-160 -70,-160 -69,-160 -68))"] | ["POINT(-155 -73)"] | false | false |
Impact of Rising Oceanic Temperatures on the Embryonic Development of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes
|
1019305 |
2014-01-01 | Grim, Jeffrey |
PostDoctoral Research Fellowship |
Survival of Antarctic notothenioid fishes in the context of global climate change will depend upon the impact of rising oceanic temperatures on their embryonic development, yet little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this complex suite of processes. Many notothenioids are characterized by secondary pelagicism, which enables them to exploit food sources in the water column and is supported in part by skeletal pedomorphism. Here the PI proposes to examine the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate notothenioid skeletal pedomorphism. The research objectives are : 1) To quantify and localize ROS production and identify the point(s) of origin of ROS production in embryonic Antarctic fishes that differ in skeletal phenotypes 2) To determine whether the time course of embryogenesis and the extent of osteological development in embryonic Antarctic fishes can be altered by changing the oxidative status of the animal during embryogenesis 3) To evaluate whether transgenic alteration of oxidative status can induce skeletal pedomorphism in a fish model. Broader Impacts will include teaching undergraduate lectures, recruiting undergraduate students to help with lab analyses (and possibly field work), lectures and demonstrations to high school students, and allowing secondary educators access to personal photos and videos of research animals for curriculum development. | [] | [] | false | false |
Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System (LARISSA) - Marine Ecosystems
|
0732983 |
2014-01-01 | Vernet, Maria |
Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans |
Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine Ecosystems. A profound transformation in ecosystem structure and function is occurring in coastal waters of the western Weddell Sea, with the collapse of the Larsen B ice shelf. This transformation appears to be yielding a redistribution of energy flow between chemoautotrophic and photosynthetic production, and to be causing the rapid demise of the extraordinary seep ecosystem discovered beneath the ice shelf. This event provides an ideal opportunity to examine fundamental aspects of ecosystem transition associated with climate change. We propose to test the following hypotheses to elucidate the transformations occurring in marine ecosystems as a consequence of the Larsen B collapse: (1) The biogeographic isolation and sub-ice shelf setting of the Larsen B seep has led to novel habitat characteristics, chemoautotrophically dependent taxa and functional adaptations. (2) Benthic communities beneath the former Larsen B ice shelf are fundamentally different from assemblages at similar depths in the Weddell sea-ice zone, and resemble oligotrophic deep-sea communities. Larsen B assemblages are undergoing rapid change. (3) The previously dark, oligotrophic waters of the Larsen B embayment now support a thriving phototrophic community, with production rates and phytoplankton composition similar to other productive areas of the Weddell Sea. To document rapid changes occurring in the Larsen B ecosystem, we will use a remotely operated vehicle, shipboard samplers, and moored sediment traps. We will characterize microbial, macrofaunal and megafaunal components of the seep community; evaluate patterns of surface productivity, export flux, and benthic faunal composition in areas previously covered by the ice shelf, and compare these areas to the open sea-ice zone. These changes will be placed within the geological, glaciological and climatological context that led to ice-shelf retreat, through companion research projects funded in concert with this effort. Together these projects will help predict the likely consequences of ice-shelf collapse to marine ecosystems in other regions of Antarctica vulnerable to climate change. The research features international collaborators from Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. The broader impacts include participation of a science writer; broadcast of science segments by members of the Jim Lehrer News Hour (Public Broadcasting System); material for summer courses in environmental change; mentoring of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows; and showcasing scientific activities and findings to students and public through podcasts. | ["POLYGON((-66 -62,-65.3 -62,-64.6 -62,-63.9 -62,-63.2 -62,-62.5 -62,-61.8 -62,-61.1 -62,-60.4 -62,-59.7 -62,-59 -62,-59 -62.8,-59 -63.6,-59 -64.4,-59 -65.2,-59 -66,-59 -66.8,-59 -67.6,-59 -68.4,-59 -69.2,-59 -70,-59.7 -70,-60.4 -70,-61.1 -70,-61.8 -70,-62.5 -70,-63.2 -70,-63.9 -70,-64.6 -70,-65.3 -70,-66 -70,-66 -69.2,-66 -68.4,-66 -67.6,-66 -66.8,-66 -66,-66 -65.2,-66 -64.4,-66 -63.6,-66 -62.8,-66 -62))"] | ["POINT(-62.5 -66)"] | false | false |
Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea Sector of West Antarctica
|
0732804 |
2014-01-01 | McPhee, Miles G. |
Collaborative Research; IPY: Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica |
The Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Integrated and System Science Program has made this award to support an interdisciplinary study of the effects of the ocean on the stability of glacial ice in the most dynamic region the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, namely the Pine Island Glacier in the Amundsen Sea Embayment. The collaborative project builds on the knowledge gained by the highly successful West Antarctic Ice Sheet program and is being jointly sponsored with NASA. Recent observations indicate a significant ice loss, equivalent to 10% of the ongoing increase in sea-level rise, in this region. These changes are largest along the coast and propagate rapidly inland, indicating the critical impact of the ocean on ice sheet stability in the region. While a broad range of remote sensing and ground-based instrumentation is available to characterize changes of the ice surface and internal structure (deformation, ice motion, melt) and the shape of the underlying sediment and rock bed, instrumentation has yet to be successfully deployed for observing boundary layer processes of the ocean cavity which underlies the floating ice shelf and where rapid melting is apparently occurring. Innovative, mini ocean sensors that can be lowered through boreholes in the ice shelf (about 500 m thick) will be developed and deployed to automatically provide ocean profiling information over at least three years. Their data will be transmitted through a conducting cable frozen in the borehole to the surface where it will be further transmitted via satellite to a laboratory in the US. Geophysical and remote sensing methods (seismic, GPS, altimetry, stereo imaging, radar profiling) will be applied to map the geometry of the ice shelf, the shape of the sub ice-shelf cavity, the ice surface geometry and deformations within the glacial ice. To integrate the seismic, glaciological and oceanographic observations, a new 3-dimensional coupled ice-ocean model is being developed which will be the first of its kind. NASA is supporting satellite based research and the deployment of a robotic-camera system to explore the environment in the ocean cavity underlying the ice shelf and NSF is supporting all other aspects of this study. Broader impacts: This project is motivated by the potential societal impacts of rapid sea level rise and should result in critically needed improvements in characterizing and predicting the behavior of coupled ocean-ice systems. It is a contribution to the International Polar Year and was endorsed by the International Council for Science as a component of the 'Multidisciplinary Study of the Amundsen Sea Embayment' proposal #258 of the honeycomb of endorsed IPY activities. The research involves substantial international partnerships with the British Antarctic Survey and the University of Bristol in the UK. The investigators will partner with the previously funded 'Polar Palooza' education and outreach program in addition to undertaking a diverse set of outreach activities of their own. Eight graduate students and one undergraduate as well as one post doc will be integrated into this research project. | ["POINT(166.25 -77.42)"] | ["POINT(166.25 -77.42)"] | false | false |
Southern Ocean Diatom Taphonomy and Paleoproductivity: A Laboratory Study of Silica Degradation and Export
|
1043690 |
2014-01-01 | Haji-Sheikh, Michael; Scherer, Reed Paul |
Southern Ocean Diatom Taphonomy and Paleoproductivity: A Laboratory Study of Silica Degradation and Export |
Intellectual Merit: Diatom abundance in sediment cores is typically used as a proxy for paleo primary productivity. This record is complicated by variable preservation, with most loss occurring in the water column via dissolution and zooplankton grazing. This study will investigate preservational biases via a series of controlled experiments to create proxies of original productivity based on morphological changes associated with diatom dissolution and fracture. The PIs will utilize fresh diatoms from culture. Specific objectives include: (1) Linking changes in diatom morphology to availability of dissolved silica and other physical and chemical parameters; (2) Documenting the dissolution process under controlled conditions; (3) Assessment of changes in morphology and diatom surface roughness with increased dissolution; (4) Documenting the physical effects of grazing and fecal pellet formation on diatom fragmentation and dissolution; and (5) Analyzing the impact of diatom dissolution on silica and carbon export. These objectives will be achieved by growing Southern Ocean diatom species in the laboratory under differing physical and chemical conditions; controlled serial dissolution experiments on cultured diatoms; analysis of the dissolution process by imaging frustules under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and with micro-analysis of surface texture by atomic force microscopy (AFM); making the cultures available to krill and other live zooplankton crustaceans in order to analyze the specific effects of grazing and pelletization on diatom morphology; and comparing experimental results with natural plankton, sediment trap material, and selected Holocene, Pleistocene and Pliocene sediment core material. Broader impacts: This work will contribute to understanding of the use of diatom abundance as an indicator of paleoproductivity. The proposed experiments are multi-disciplinary in nature. Importantly, the project was designed, and the proposal largely written, by a Ph.D. candidate. The research proposed here will lead to peer-reviewed publications and provide a base for future studies over the course of an extremely promising scientific career. The project will also support an undergraduate research student at NIU. The PI is heavily involved in science outreach, including classroom visits, museum events and webinars related to evolution and climate change, and is active with NSF-funded outreach activities linked to the ANDRILL and WISSARD programs. He will continue these efforts with this project. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Ecophysiology of DMSP and related compounds and their contributions to carbon and sulfur dynamics in Phaeocystis antarctica
|
0944686 |
2014-01-01 | Kieber, David John |
Collaborative Research: Ecophysiology of DMSP and related compounds and their contributions to carbon and sulfur dynamics in Phaeocystis antarctica |
Spectacular blooms of Phaeocystis antarctica in the Ross Sea, Antarctica are the source of some of the world's highest concentrations of dimethylsulfoniopropionate (DMSP) and its volatile degradation product, dimethylsulfide (DMS). The flux of DMS from the oceans to the atmosphere in this region and its subsequent gas phase oxidation generates aerosols that have a strong influence on cloud properties and possibly climate. In the oceans, DMS and DMSP are quantitatively significant components of the carbon, sulfur, and energy flows in marine food webs, especially in the Ross Sea. Despite its central role in carbon and sulfur biogeochemistry in the Ross Sea, surprisingly little is known about the physiological functions of DMSP in P. antarctica. The research will isolate and characterize DMSP lyases from P. antarctica, with the goal of obtaining amino acid and gene sequence information on these important enzymes. The physiological studies will focus on the effects of varying intensities of photosynthetically active radiation, with and without ultraviolet radiation as these are factors that we have found to be important controls on DMSP and DMS dynamics. The research also will examine the effects of prolonged darkness on the dynamics of DMSP and related compounds in P. antarctica, as survival of this species during the dark Antarctic winter and at sub-euphotic depths appears to be an important part of the Phaeocystis' ecology. A unique aspect of this work is the focus on measurements of intracellular MSA, which if detected, would provide strong evidence for in vivo radical scavenging functions for methyl sulfur compounds. The study will advance understanding of what controls DMSP cycling and ultimately DMS emissions from the Ross Sea and also provide information on what makes P. antarctica so successful in this extreme environment. The research will directly benefit and build on several interrelated ocean-atmosphere programs including the International Surface Ocean Lower Atmosphere Study (SOLAS) program. The PIs will participate in several activities involving K-12 education, High School teacher training, public education and podcasting through the auspices of the Dauphin Island Sea Lab Discovery Hall program and SUNY ESF. Two graduate students will be employed full time, and six undergraduates (2 each summer) will be trained as part of this project. | ["POLYGON((-160 -68,-159 -68,-158 -68,-157 -68,-156 -68,-155 -68,-154 -68,-153 -68,-152 -68,-151 -68,-150 -68,-150 -69,-150 -70,-150 -71,-150 -72,-150 -73,-150 -74,-150 -75,-150 -76,-150 -77,-150 -78,-151 -78,-152 -78,-153 -78,-154 -78,-155 -78,-156 -78,-157 -78,-158 -78,-159 -78,-160 -78,-160 -77,-160 -76,-160 -75,-160 -74,-160 -73,-160 -72,-160 -71,-160 -70,-160 -69,-160 -68))"] | ["POINT(-155 -73)"] | false | false |
The Sea Ice System in Antarctic Summer, Oden Southern Ocean Expedition (OSO 2010-11)
|
0839053 |
2013-01-01 | Ackley, Stephen |
The Sea Ice System in Antarctic Summer, Oden Southern Ocean Expedition (OSO 2010-11) |
Several aspect of the seasonal melting and reformation cycle of Antarctic sea ice appear to be divergent from those occurring in the Arctic. This is most clearly demonstrated by the dramatic diminishing extent and thinning of the Arctic sea ice, to be contrasted to the changes in Antarctic sea-ice extent, which recently (decadaly) shows small increases. Current climate models do not resolve this discrepancy which likely results from both a lack of relevant observational sea-ice data in the Antarctic, along with inadequacies in the physical parameterization of sea-ice properties in climate models. Researchers will take advantage of the cruise track of the I/B Oden during transit through the Antarctic sea-ice zones in the region of the Bellingshausen, Amundsen and Ross (BAR) seas on a cruise to McMurdo Station. Because of its remoteness and inaccessibility, the BAR region is of considerable scientific interest as being one of the last under described and perhaps unexploited marine ecosystems left on the planet. A series of on station and underway observations of sea ice properties will be undertaken, thematically linked to broader questions of summer ice survival and baseline physical properties (e.g. estimates of heat and salt fluxes). In situ spatiotemporal variability of sea-ice cover extent, thickness and snow cover depths will be observed. | ["POLYGON((-180 -67.05,-170.9866 -67.05,-161.9732 -67.05,-152.9598 -67.05,-143.9464 -67.05,-134.933 -67.05,-125.9196 -67.05,-116.9062 -67.05,-107.8928 -67.05,-98.8794 -67.05,-89.866 -67.05,-89.866 -68.1033,-89.866 -69.1566,-89.866 -70.2099,-89.866 -71.2632,-89.866 -72.3165,-89.866 -73.3698,-89.866 -74.4231,-89.866 -75.4764,-89.866 -76.5297,-89.866 -77.583,-98.8794 -77.583,-107.8928 -77.583,-116.9062 -77.583,-125.9196 -77.583,-134.933 -77.583,-143.9464 -77.583,-152.9598 -77.583,-161.9732 -77.583,-170.9866 -77.583,180 -77.583,178.57 -77.583,177.14 -77.583,175.71 -77.583,174.28 -77.583,172.85 -77.583,171.42 -77.583,169.99 -77.583,168.56 -77.583,167.13 -77.583,165.7 -77.583,165.7 -76.5297,165.7 -75.4764,165.7 -74.4231,165.7 -73.3698,165.7 -72.3165,165.7 -71.2632,165.7 -70.2099,165.7 -69.1566,165.7 -68.1033,165.7 -67.05,167.13 -67.05,168.56 -67.05,169.99 -67.05,171.42 -67.05,172.85 -67.05,174.28 -67.05,175.71 -67.05,177.14 -67.05,178.57 -67.05,-180 -67.05))"] | ["POINT(-142.083 -72.3165)"] | false | false |
Alternative Nutritional Strategies in Antarctic Protists
|
0838955 |
2013-01-01 | Gast, Rebecca |
Collaborative Research: Alternative Nutritional Strategies in Antarctic Protists |
This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). Most organisms meet their carbon and energy needs using photosynthesis (phototrophy) or ingestion/assimilation of organic substances (heterotrophy). However, a nutritional strategy that combines phototrophy and heterotrophy - mixotrophy - is geographically and taxonomically widespread in aquatic systems. While the presence of mixotrophs in the Southern Ocean is known only recently, preliminary evidence indicates a significant role in Southern Ocean food webs. Recent work on Southern Ocean dinoflagellate, Kleptodinium, suggests that it sequesters functional chloroplasts of the bloom-forming haptophyte, Phaeocystis antarctica. This dinoflagellate is abundant in the Ross Sea, has been reported elsewhere in the Southern Ocean, and may have a circumpolar distribution. By combining nutritional modes. mixotrophy may offer competitive advantages over pure autotrophs and heterotrophs. The goals of this project are to understand the importance of alternative nutritional strategies for Antarctic species that combine phototrophic and phagotrophic processes in the same organism. The research will combine field investigations of plankton and ice communities in the Southern Ocean with laboratory experiments on Kleptodinium and recently identified mixotrophs from our Antarctic culture collections. The research will address: 1) the relative contributions of phototrophy and phagotrophy in Antarctic mixotrophs; 2) the nature of the relationship between Kleptodinium and its kleptoplastids; 3) the distributions and abundances of mixotrophs and Kleptodinium in the Southern Ocean during austral spring/summer; and 4) the impacts of mixotrophs and Kleptodinium on prey populations, the factors influencing these behaviors and the physiological conditions of these groups in their natural environment. The project will contribute to the maintenance of a culture collection of heterotrophic, phototrophic and mixotrophic Antarctic protists that are available to the scientific community, and it will train graduate and undergraduate students at Temple University. Research findings and activities will be summarized for non-scientific audiences through the PIs' websites and through other public forums, and will involve middle school teachers via collaboration with COSEE-New England. | ["POLYGON((71.504166 -76.159164,71.5142214 -76.159164,71.5242768 -76.159164,71.5343322 -76.159164,71.5443876 -76.159164,71.554443 -76.159164,71.5644984 -76.159164,71.5745538 -76.159164,71.5846092 -76.159164,71.5946646 -76.159164,71.60472 -76.159164,71.60472 -76.2018032,71.60472 -76.2444424,71.60472 -76.2870816,71.60472 -76.3297208,71.60472 -76.37236,71.60472 -76.4149992,71.60472 -76.4576384,71.60472 -76.5002776,71.60472 -76.5429168,71.60472 -76.585556,71.5946646 -76.585556,71.5846092 -76.585556,71.5745538 -76.585556,71.5644984 -76.585556,71.554443 -76.585556,71.5443876 -76.585556,71.5343322 -76.585556,71.5242768 -76.585556,71.5142214 -76.585556,71.504166 -76.585556,71.504166 -76.5429168,71.504166 -76.5002776,71.504166 -76.4576384,71.504166 -76.4149992,71.504166 -76.37236,71.504166 -76.3297208,71.504166 -76.2870816,71.504166 -76.2444424,71.504166 -76.2018032,71.504166 -76.159164))"] | ["POINT(71.554443 -76.37236)"] | false | false |
Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea
|
0838892 |
2013-01-01 | Burns, Jennifer |
Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea |
Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal's diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts. | ["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"] | ["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"] | false | false |
Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the West Antarctic Peninsula Marine Ecosystem
|
0838830 |
2013-01-01 | Cottrell, Matthew; Kirchman, David |
Photoheterotrophic Microbes in the West Antarctic Peninsula Marine Ecosystem |
Light quality and availability are likely to change in polar ecosystems as ice coverage and thickness decrease. How microbes adjust to these and other changes will have huge impacts on the polar marine ecosystems. Little is known about photoheterotrophic prokaryotes, which are hypothesized to gain a metabolic advantage by harvesting light energy in addition to utilizing dissolved organic matter (DOM). Photoheterotrophy is not included in current models of carbon cycling and energy flow. This research will examine three questions: 1. Are photoheterotrophic microbes present and active in Antarctic waters in winter and summer? 2. Does community structure of photoheterotrophs shift between summer and winter? 3. Which microbial groups assimilate more DOM in light than in the dark? The research will test hypotheses about activity of photoheterotrophs in winter and in summer, shifts in community structure between light and dark seasons and the potentially unique impacts of photoheterotrophs on biogeochemical processes in the Antarctic. The project will directly support a graduate student, will positively impact the NSF REU program at the College of Marine and Earth Studies, and will include students from the nation's oldest historical minority college. The results will be featured during weekly tours of Lewes facilities (about 1000 visitors per year) and during Coast Day, an annual open-house that attracts about 10,000 visitors. | ["POLYGON((-64.079666 -64.77966,-64.0757659 -64.77966,-64.0718658 -64.77966,-64.0679657 -64.77966,-64.0640656 -64.77966,-64.0601655 -64.77966,-64.0562654 -64.77966,-64.0523653 -64.77966,-64.0484652 -64.77966,-64.0445651 -64.77966,-64.040665 -64.77966,-64.040665 -64.783261,-64.040665 -64.786862,-64.040665 -64.790463,-64.040665 -64.794064,-64.040665 -64.797665,-64.040665 -64.801266,-64.040665 -64.804867,-64.040665 -64.808468,-64.040665 -64.812069,-64.040665 -64.81567,-64.0445651 -64.81567,-64.0484652 -64.81567,-64.0523653 -64.81567,-64.0562654 -64.81567,-64.0601655 -64.81567,-64.0640656 -64.81567,-64.0679657 -64.81567,-64.0718658 -64.81567,-64.0757659 -64.81567,-64.079666 -64.81567,-64.079666 -64.812069,-64.079666 -64.808468,-64.079666 -64.804867,-64.079666 -64.801266,-64.079666 -64.797665,-64.079666 -64.794064,-64.079666 -64.790463,-64.079666 -64.786862,-64.079666 -64.783261,-64.079666 -64.77966))"] | ["POINT(-64.0601655 -64.797665)"] | false | false |
Linkages among Mitochondrial Form, Function and Thermal Tolerance of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes
|
0741301 |
2013-01-01 | O'Brien, Kristin |
Collaborative Research: Linkages among Mitochondrial Form, Function and Thermal Tolerance of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes |
Antarctic notothenioid fishes have evolved in the Southern Ocean for 10-14 MY under an unusual set of circumstances. Their characteristics include the complete absence of the circulating oxygen-binding protein, hemoglobin (Hb) within the Channichthyid (Icefish) family of notothenioids. Moreover, some species within the 16 members of this family have also lost the ability to express the oxygen-binding and storage protein, myoglobin (Mb) in cardiac muscle. Our previous work has determined that the loss of Hb and/or Mb is correlated with significant increases in densities of mitochondria within oxidative tissues, and extensive remodeling of these vital organelles. To date, nothing is known about how modifications in mitochondrial architecture of icefishes affect organelle function, or more importantly, how they affect organismal-level physiology. Most critical for Antarctic fishes is that mitochondrial characteristics have been linked to how well ectotherms can withstand increases in temperature. This collaborative research project will address the hypothesis that the unusual mitochondrial architecture of Antarctic Channichthyids has led to changes in function that impact their ability to withstand elevations in temperature. Specifically, the research will (1) determine if the unusual mitochondrial architecture of icefishes affects function and contributes to organismal thermal sensitivity, (2) identify differences in organismal thermal tolerance between red- and white- blooded notothenioids, (3) identify molecular mechanisms regulating changes in mitochondrial structure in icefishes. The results may establish channichthyid icefishes as a sentinel taxon for signaling the impact of global warming on the Southern Ocean. Broad impacts of this project will be realized by participation of high school biology teachers in field work through cooperation with the ARMADA project at the University of Rhode Island, as well as graduate education. | ["POLYGON((-64.45 -63.29,-64.249 -63.29,-64.048 -63.29,-63.847 -63.29,-63.646 -63.29,-63.445 -63.29,-63.244 -63.29,-63.043 -63.29,-62.842 -63.29,-62.641 -63.29,-62.44 -63.29,-62.44 -63.371,-62.44 -63.452,-62.44 -63.533,-62.44 -63.614,-62.44 -63.695,-62.44 -63.776,-62.44 -63.857,-62.44 -63.938,-62.44 -64.019,-62.44 -64.1,-62.641 -64.1,-62.842 -64.1,-63.043 -64.1,-63.244 -64.1,-63.445 -64.1,-63.646 -64.1,-63.847 -64.1,-64.048 -64.1,-64.249 -64.1,-64.45 -64.1,-64.45 -64.019,-64.45 -63.938,-64.45 -63.857,-64.45 -63.776,-64.45 -63.695,-64.45 -63.614,-64.45 -63.533,-64.45 -63.452,-64.45 -63.371,-64.45 -63.29))"] | ["POINT(-63.445 -63.695)"] | false | false |
Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice
|
0739783 |
2013-01-01 | Junge, Karen |
Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice |
The mechanisms enabling bacteria to be metabolically active at very low temperatures are of considerable importance to polar microbial ecology, astrobiology, climate and cryopreservation. This research program has two main objectives. The first is to investigate metabolic activities and gene expression of polar marine psychrophilic bacteria when confronted with freezing conditions at temperatures above the eutectic of seawater (<54C) to unveil cold adaptation mechanisms with relevance to wintertime sea-ice ecology. The second objective is to discern if psychrophilic processes of leucine incorporation into proteins, shown to occur to -196C, amount to metabolic activity providing for the survival of cells or are merely biochemical reactions still possible in flash-frozen samples without any effect on survival. We will examine extracellular and intracellular processes of psychrophilic activity above and below the eutectic by (i) determining the temperature range of metabolic activities such as DNA synthesis, carbon utilization, respiration and ATP generation using radioactive tracer technology, including a control at liquid helium temperature (-268.9C), (ii) analyzing gene expression in ice using whole genome and microarray analyses and iii) examining the role of exopolymeric substances (EPS) and ice micro-physics for the observed activity using an in-situ microscopy technique. Results of the proposed research can be expected to aid in the determination of cellular and genetic strategies that allow cells to maintain activity at extremely low temperatures within an icy matrix and/or to resume activity again when more growth-permissive conditions are encountered. The research is an interdisciplinary collaboration involving three different institutions with participants in Oceanography, Genomics, and Geophysical Sciences. The proposed activity will support the beginning professional career of a female researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle
|
1019838 |
2013-01-01 | Wendt, Dean; Moline, Mark |
Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle |
The Antarctic Peninsula is among the most rapidly warming regions on earth. Increased heat from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current has elevated the temperature of the 300 m of shelf water below the permanent pycnocline by 0.7 degrees C. This trend has displaced the once dominant cold, dry continental Antarctic climate, and is causing multi-level responses in the marine ecosystem. One striking example of the ecosystem response to warming has been the local declines in ice-dependent Adélie penguins. The changes in these apex predators are thought to be driven by alterations in phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition, and the foraging limitations and diet differences between these species. One of the most elusive questions facing researchers interested in the foraging ecology of the Adélie penguin, namely, what are the biophysical properties that characterize the three dimensional foraging space of this top predator? The research will combine the real-time site and diving information from the Adélie penguin satellite tags with the full characterization of the oceanography and the penguins prey field using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). While some of these changes have been documented over large spatial scales of the WAP, it is now thought that the causal mechanisms that favor of one life history strategy over another may actually operate over much smaller scales than previously thought, specifically on the scale of local breeding sites and over-wintering areas. Characterization of prey fields on these local scales has yet to be done and one that the AUV is ideally suited. The results will have a direct tie to the climate induced changes that are occurring in the West Antarctic Peninsula. This study will also highlight a new approach to linking an autonomous platform to bird behavior that could be expanded to include the other two species of penguins and examine the seasonal differences in their foraging behavior and prey selection. From a vehicle perspective, this effort will inform the AUV user community of new sensor suites and/or data processing approaches that are required to better evaluate foraging habitat. The project also will help transition AUV platforms into routine investigative tools for this region, which is chronically under sampled and will remain difficult to access | [] | [] | false | false |
Thermoregulation in Free-Living Antarctic Seals: The Missing Link in Effective Ecological Modeling
|
1043779 |
2013-01-01 | Mellish, Jo-Ann |
Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING |
Despite being an essential physiological component of homeotherm life in polar regions, little is known about the energetic requirements for thermoregulation in either air or water for high- latitude seals. In a joint field and modeling study, the principal investigators will quantify these costs for the Weddell seal under both ambient air and water conditions. The field research will include innovative heat flux, digestive and locomotor cost telemetry on 40 free-ranging seals combined with assessments of animal health (morphometrics, hematology and clinical chemistry panels), quantity (ultrasound) and quality (tissue biopsy) of blubber insulation, and determination of surface skin temperature patterns (infrared thermography). Field-collected data will be combined with an established individual based computational energetics model to define cost-added thresholds in body condition for different body masses. This study will fill a major knowledge gap by providing data essential to modeling all aspects of pinniped life history, in particular for ice seals. Such parameterization of energetic cost components will be essential for the accurate modeling of responses by pinnipeds to environmental variance, including direct and indirect effects driven by climate change. The study also will provide extensive opportunities in polar field work, animal telemetry, biochemical analyses and computational modeling for up to three undergraduate students and one post-doctoral researcher. Integrated education and outreach efforts will educate the public (K-12 through adult) on the importance of quantifying energetic costs of thermoregulation for marine mammals and the need to understand responses of species to environmental variance. This effort will include a custom-built, interactive hands-on mobile exhibit, and development of content for an Ocean Today kiosk. | ["POLYGON((165.83333 -77.51528,165.923331 -77.51528,166.013332 -77.51528,166.103333 -77.51528,166.193334 -77.51528,166.283335 -77.51528,166.373336 -77.51528,166.463337 -77.51528,166.553338 -77.51528,166.643339 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.55153,166.73334 -77.58778,166.73334 -77.62403,166.73334 -77.66028,166.73334 -77.69653,166.73334 -77.73278,166.73334 -77.76903,166.73334 -77.80528,166.73334 -77.84153,166.73334 -77.87778,166.643339 -77.87778,166.553338 -77.87778,166.463337 -77.87778,166.373336 -77.87778,166.283335 -77.87778,166.193334 -77.87778,166.103333 -77.87778,166.013332 -77.87778,165.923331 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.84153,165.83333 -77.80528,165.83333 -77.76903,165.83333 -77.73278,165.83333 -77.69653,165.83333 -77.66028,165.83333 -77.62403,165.83333 -77.58778,165.83333 -77.55153,165.83333 -77.51528))"] | ["POINT(166.283335 -77.69653)"] | false | false |
Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System (LARISSA) - Cryosphere and Oceans
|
0732655 |
2013-01-01 | Thompson, Lonnie G.; Mosley-Thompson, Ellen |
Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans |
Like no other region on Earth, the northern Antarctic Peninsula represents a spectacular natural laboratory of climate change and provides the opportunity to study the record of past climate and ecological shifts alongside the present-day changes in one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth. This award supported the cryospheric and oceanographic components of an integrated multi-disciplinary program to address these rapid and fundamental changes now taking place in Antarctic Peninsula (AP). By making use of a marine research platform (the RV NB Palmer and on-board helicopters) and additional logistical support from the Argentine Antarctic program, the project brought together glaciologists, oceanographers, marine geologists and biologists who have worked collaboratively to address fundamental interdisciplinary questions regarding climate change. | ["POLYGON((-63 -60,-62.6 -60,-62.2 -60,-61.8 -60,-61.4 -60,-61 -60,-60.6 -60,-60.2 -60,-59.8 -60,-59.4 -60,-59 -60,-59 -60.5,-59 -61,-59 -61.5,-59 -62,-59 -62.5,-59 -63,-59 -63.5,-59 -64,-59 -64.5,-59 -65,-59.4 -65,-59.8 -65,-60.2 -65,-60.6 -65,-61 -65,-61.4 -65,-61.8 -65,-62.2 -65,-62.6 -65,-63 -65,-63 -64.5,-63 -64,-63 -63.5,-63 -63,-63 -62.5,-63 -62,-63 -61.5,-63 -61,-63 -60.5,-63 -60))"] | ["POINT(-61 -62.5)"] | false | false |
US/Chinese Collaborative Study: Investigation of Bottom Water Formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica
|
1043669 |
2012-01-01 | Yuan, Xiaojun |
US/Chinese Collaborative Study: Investigation of Bottom Water Formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica |
Processess governing the formation of Antarctic bottom water (AABW) in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean remain poorly described. As with AABW formation in more well studied regions of the Antarctic continent, global climate impacts of the source regions of this dense, cold water that help drive the global ocean thermohaline circulation are uncertain. A combination of (annual) continental shelf and slope moorings, seasonal (summer) hydrographic surveys on board the Chinese icebreaker M/V Xuelong, together with synthesis of historic and satellite data will be used to better constrain shelf processes and the atmosphere-ocean-ice interactions in the Prydz Bay region. Despite the seeming remoteness of the study site, changes in the formation rate of AABW could potentially have impact on northern hemisphere climate via effects on the global heat budget and through sea-level rise in the coming decades. The project additionally seeks to promote international collaboration between Chinese and US researchers. The data collected will be broadly disseminated to the oceanographic community through the National Oceanography Data Center and Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Data Center. | ["POLYGON((70 -64,71 -64,72 -64,73 -64,74 -64,75 -64,76 -64,77 -64,78 -64,79 -64,80 -64,80 -64.6,80 -65.2,80 -65.8,80 -66.4,80 -67,80 -67.6,80 -68.2,80 -68.8,80 -69.4,80 -70,79 -70,78 -70,77 -70,76 -70,75 -70,74 -70,73 -70,72 -70,71 -70,70 -70,70 -69.4,70 -68.8,70 -68.2,70 -67.6,70 -67,70 -66.4,70 -65.8,70 -65.2,70 -64.6,70 -64))"] | ["POINT(75 -67)"] | false | false |
Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice Interaction in a Coastal Polynya
|
0739464 |
2012-01-01 | Cassano, John; Maslanik, Jim |
Collaborative Research: Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice Interaction in a Coastal Polynya |
Antarctic polynyas are the ice free zones often persisting in continental sea ice. Characterization of the lower atmosphere properties, air-sea surface heat fluxes and corresponding ocean depth profiles of Antarctic polynyas, especially during strong wind events, is needed for a more detailed understanding of the role of polynya in the production of latent-heat type sea ice and the formation, through brine rejection, of dense ocean bottom waters. Broader impacts: A key technological innovation, the use of instrumented uninhabited aircraft systems (UAS), will be employed to enable the persistent and safe observation of the interaction of light and strong katabatic wind fields with the Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Antarctica) polynya waters during late winter and early summer time frames. The use of UAS observational platforms on the continent to date has to date been modest, but demonstration of their versatility and effectiveness in surveying and observing mode is a welcome development. The projects use of UAS platforms by University of Colorado and LDEO (Columbia) researchers is both high risk, and potentially transformative for the systematic data measurement tasks that many Antarctic science applications increasingly require. | ["POLYGON((160 -74.5,161.5 -74.5,163 -74.5,164.5 -74.5,166 -74.5,167.5 -74.5,169 -74.5,170.5 -74.5,172 -74.5,173.5 -74.5,175 -74.5,175 -74.9,175 -75.3,175 -75.7,175 -76.1,175 -76.5,175 -76.9,175 -77.3,175 -77.7,175 -78.1,175 -78.5,173.5 -78.5,172 -78.5,170.5 -78.5,169 -78.5,167.5 -78.5,166 -78.5,164.5 -78.5,163 -78.5,161.5 -78.5,160 -78.5,160 -78.1,160 -77.7,160 -77.3,160 -76.9,160 -76.5,160 -76.1,160 -75.7,160 -75.3,160 -74.9,160 -74.5))"] | ["POINT(167.5 -76.5)"] | false | false |
High-resolution Image-derived Grounding and Hydrostatic Lines for the Antarctic Ice Sheet
|
None | 2011-02-20 | Bindschadler, Robert; Choi, Hyeungu | No project link provided | This data set provides grounding line and hydrostatic line locations for the Antarctic coastline and islands around Antarctica. The data are derived using customized software to combine data from Landsat-7 imagery and Ice, Cloud, and land Elevation Satellite (ICESat) laser altimetry, which were primarily collected between 1999 to 2003. The data set also includes elevations along each line, selected from six candidate digital elevation models. The data were developed as part of the Antarctic Surface Accumulation and Ice Discharge (ASAID) project. Funding trough NASA grant 509496.02.08.01.81 Data are provided in both ASCII text (.txt) and shapefile (.shp, .dbf, .shx) formats. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -62,180 -64,180 -66,180 -68,180 -70,180 -72,180 -74,180 -76,180 -78,180 -80,144 -80,108 -80,72 -80,36 -80,0 -80,-36 -80,-72 -80,-108 -80,-144 -80,-180 -80,-180 -78,-180 -76,-180 -74,-180 -72,-180 -70,-180 -68,-180 -66,-180 -64,-180 -62,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Climate, Drift, and Image Data from Antarctic Icebergs A22A and UK211, 2006-2007
|
0540915 |
2011-01-31 | Scambos, Ted; Bohlander, Jennifer; Bauer, Rob; Yermolin, Yevgeny; Thom, Jonathan |
Investigating Iceberg Evolution During Drift and Break-Up: A Proxy for Climate-Related Changes in Antarctic Ice Shelves |
This data set includes a variety of station data from two Antarctic icebergs. In 2006, researchers installed specialized weather stations called Automated Meteorological Ice Geophysical Observing Stations (AMIGOS) on two icebergs, A22A and UK211 (nicknamed Amigosberg), near Marambio Station in Antarctica.The AMIGOS stations were outfitted with Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors, cameras, and an electronic thermometer. They collected data from their installation in March 2006 until the icebergs crumbled into the ocean, in 2006 (Amigosberg) and 2007 (A22A). Available data include GPS, temperature and ablation measurements, and photographs of the station base and of flag lines extending out to the edges of the icebergs. Snow pit data from iceberg A22A is also included. This data set was collected as part of a National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs Special Grant for Exploratory Research, to explore the possibility of using drfting icebergs to investigate ice shelf evolution caused by climate change. The expedition, nicknamed IceTrek, was conducted jointly with Argentine scientists. The data are available via FTP in ASCII text (.txt) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (.jpg) formats. | ["POLYGON((-60 -47,-55.5 -47,-51 -47,-46.5 -47,-42 -47,-37.5 -47,-33 -47,-28.5 -47,-24 -47,-19.5 -47,-15 -47,-15 -50.3,-15 -53.6,-15 -56.9,-15 -60.2,-15 -63.5,-15 -66.8,-15 -70.1,-15 -73.4,-15 -76.7,-15 -80,-19.5 -80,-24 -80,-28.5 -80,-33 -80,-37.5 -80,-42 -80,-46.5 -80,-51 -80,-55.5 -80,-60 -80,-60 -76.7,-60 -73.4,-60 -70.1,-60 -66.8,-60 -63.5,-60 -60.2,-60 -56.9,-60 -53.6,-60 -50.3,-60 -47))"] | ["POINT(-37.5 -63.5)"] | false | false |
The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula
|
0838773 |
2011-01-01 | McClintock, James; Amsler, Charles |
Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula |
The near shore environments of the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) harbor extremely high densities of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1-25 mm in length) such as benthic amphipods, as well as rich assemblages of macroalgae, endophytes, and macroinvertebrates. Unlike temperate and tropical shallow marine environments, where fish and sea urchins are key grazers structuring the community, mesograzers appear to be much more important in the WAP. Accordingly, the proposed research has two main objectives: (1) To further investigate the interactions between the ecologically dominant large macrophytes, filamentous epi/endophytes, and mesograzers and (2) To determine the nature of interactions between mesograzers and sessile invertebrates. Specifically, the research will examine the following hypotheses: 1: The effects of endophytes on macrophytes are often negative, and consequently macrophytes defend against endophytic infection. 2: Mesoherbivores prevent filamentous algal species, common in the intertidal, from dominating subtidal assemblages. 3: Mesograzer predation pressure on sessile benthic macroinvertebrates, primarily sponges and tunicates, is greatest in shallow habitats dominated by macrophytes, and this impacts depth distributions of macroinvertebrate species. 4: Benthic macroinvertebrates may defend against mesograzers with secondary metabolites which effect molting and/or deter feeding. Broader impacts include involvement of undergraduates, including minorities, in research; training of graduate students, and continuation of the highly successful UAB IN ANTARCTICA interactive web program (two time recipient of awards of excellence from the US Council for Advancement and Support of Education). The researchers also will share their scientific endeavors with teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large while in residence in Antarctica. In addition, the investigators will request the participation of a PolarTREC teacher. | ["POLYGON((-79 -60,-76.4 -60,-73.8 -60,-71.2 -60,-68.6 -60,-66 -60,-63.4 -60,-60.8 -60,-58.2 -60,-55.6 -60,-53 -60,-53 -61,-53 -62,-53 -63,-53 -64,-53 -65,-53 -66,-53 -67,-53 -68,-53 -69,-53 -70,-55.6 -70,-58.2 -70,-60.8 -70,-63.4 -70,-66 -70,-68.6 -70,-71.2 -70,-73.8 -70,-76.4 -70,-79 -70,-79 -69,-79 -68,-79 -67,-79 -66,-79 -65,-79 -64,-79 -63,-79 -62,-79 -61,-79 -60))"] | ["POINT(-66 -65)"] | false | false |
The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula
|
0838776 |
2011-01-01 | Baker, Bill |
Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula |
The near shore environments of the western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) harbor extremely high densities of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1-25 mm in length) such as benthic amphipods, as well as rich assemblages of macroalgae, endophytes, and macroinvertebrates. Unlike temperate and tropical shallow marine environments, where fish and sea urchins are key grazers structuring the community, mesograzers appear to be much more important in the WAP. Accordingly, the proposed research has two main objectives: (1) To further investigate the interactions between the ecologically dominant large macrophytes, filamentous epi/endophytes, and mesograzers and (2) To determine the nature of interactions between mesograzers and sessile invertebrates. Specifically, the research will examine the following hypotheses: 1: The effects of endophytes on macrophytes are often negative, and consequently macrophytes defend against endophytic infection. 2: Mesoherbivores prevent filamentous algal species, common in the intertidal, from dominating subtidal assemblages. 3: Mesograzer predation pressure on sessile benthic macroinvertebrates, primarily sponges and tunicates, is greatest in shallow habitats dominated by macrophytes, and this impacts depth distributions of macroinvertebrate species. 4: Benthic macroinvertebrates may defend against mesograzers with secondary metabolites which effect molting and/or deter feeding. Broader impacts include involvement of undergraduates, including minorities, in research; training of graduate students, and continuation of the highly successful UAB IN ANTARCTICA interactive web program (two time recipient of awards of excellence from the US Council for Advancement and Support of Education). The researchers also will share their scientific endeavors with teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large while in residence in Antarctica. In addition, the investigators will request the participation of a PolarTREC teacher. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals
|
0902957 |
2011-01-01 | Robinson, Laura |
LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals |
The proposal seeks funds to continue a follow-up analytical work of deep-sea corals collected in the Drake Passage during a research cruise. The project's goal is paleo-climate research looking to constrain the depth structure and time evolution of the radiocarbon content of the Southern Ocean during the glacial and deglaciation. Radiocarbon is a versatile tracer of past climate; its radioactive decay provides an internal clock with which to assess the rates of processes, and it can be used to trace the movement of carbon through the Earth's system. It enters the ocean through air-sea gas exchange, so processes that limits this will, therefore, reduce the radiocarbon content of both surface and deep waters. The Southern Ocean is a critical location for exchange of heat and carbon between the deep-ocean and atmospheric reservoirs, and the deep waters formed there fill large volumes of the global deep and intermediate oceans. As strong currents tend to scour away sediments, carbonate preservation is limited, and radiocarbon reservoir ages are poorly constrained, many traditional paleoceanographic techniques become impractical. It is proposed to alleviate these difficulties analyzing the chemical composition of deep-sea coral skeletons. Their aragonitic skeletons can be precisely dated using U-series decay, and when coupled with radiocarbon analyses will allow to calculate the C14/C12 ratio of the past water column. | ["POLYGON((-70.5 -54.5,-66.95 -54.5,-63.4 -54.5,-59.85 -54.5,-56.3 -54.5,-52.75 -54.5,-49.2 -54.5,-45.65 -54.5,-42.1 -54.5,-38.55 -54.5,-35 -54.5,-35 -55.2,-35 -55.9,-35 -56.6,-35 -57.3,-35 -58,-35 -58.7,-35 -59.4,-35 -60.1,-35 -60.8,-35 -61.5,-38.55 -61.5,-42.1 -61.5,-45.65 -61.5,-49.2 -61.5,-52.75 -61.5,-56.3 -61.5,-59.85 -61.5,-63.4 -61.5,-66.95 -61.5,-70.5 -61.5,-70.5 -60.8,-70.5 -60.1,-70.5 -59.4,-70.5 -58.7,-70.5 -58,-70.5 -57.3,-70.5 -56.6,-70.5 -55.9,-70.5 -55.2,-70.5 -54.5))"] | ["POINT(-52.75 -58)"] | false | false |
The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)
|
0528728 |
2011-01-01 | Vernet, Maria |
Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK) |
This collaborative study between the Desert Research Institute, the University of California, Santa Barbara (0529087; Robin Ross), and the University of California, San Diego (0528728; Maria Vernet) will examine the relationship between sea ice extent along the Antarctic Peninsula and the life history of krill (Euphausia superba), by developing, refining, and linking diagnostic datasets and models of phytoplankton decreases in the fall, phytoplankton biomass incorporation into sea ice, sea ice growth dynamics, sea ice algal production and biomass accumulation, and larval krill energetics, condition, and survival. Krill is a key species in the food web of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, and one that is intricately involved with seasonal sea ice dynamics. Results from the Southern Ocean experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program (SO-Globec) field work as well as historical information on sea ice dynamics and krill recruitment suggest a shift in the paradigm that all pack ice is equally good krill habitat. SO-Globec is a multidisciplinary effort focused on understanding the physical and biological factors that influence growth, reproduction, recruitment and survival of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The program uses a multi-trophic level approach that includes the predators and competitors of Antarctic krill, represented by other zooplankton, fish, penguins, seals, and cetaceans. This collaborative project is concerned with the synthesis and modeling of lower trophic levels. | ["POLYGON((-69.08 -64.8,-68.632 -64.8,-68.184 -64.8,-67.736 -64.8,-67.288 -64.8,-66.84 -64.8,-66.392 -64.8,-65.944 -64.8,-65.496 -64.8,-65.048 -64.8,-64.6 -64.8,-64.6 -65.121,-64.6 -65.442,-64.6 -65.763,-64.6 -66.084,-64.6 -66.405,-64.6 -66.726,-64.6 -67.047,-64.6 -67.368,-64.6 -67.689,-64.6 -68.01,-65.048 -68.01,-65.496 -68.01,-65.944 -68.01,-66.392 -68.01,-66.84 -68.01,-67.288 -68.01,-67.736 -68.01,-68.184 -68.01,-68.632 -68.01,-69.08 -68.01,-69.08 -67.689,-69.08 -67.368,-69.08 -67.047,-69.08 -66.726,-69.08 -66.405,-69.08 -66.084,-69.08 -65.763,-69.08 -65.442,-69.08 -65.121,-69.08 -64.8))"] | ["POINT(-66.84 -66.405)"] | false | false |
The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)
|
0529087 |
2011-01-01 | Quetin, Langdon B.; Ross, Robin Macurda |
Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK) |
This collaborative study between the Desert Research Institute, the University of California, Santa Barbara (0529087; Robin Ross), and the University of California, San Diego (0528728; Maria Vernet) will examine the relationship between sea ice extent along the Antarctic Peninsula and the life history of krill (Euphausia superba), by developing, refining, and linking diagnostic datasets and models of phytoplankton decreases in the fall, phytoplankton biomass incorporation into sea ice, sea ice growth dynamics, sea ice algal production and biomass accumulation, and larval krill energetics, condition, and survival. Krill is a key species in the food web of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, and one that is intricately involved with seasonal sea ice dynamics. Results from the Southern Ocean experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program (SO-Globec) field work as well as historical information on sea ice dynamics and krill recruitment suggest a shift in the paradigm that all pack ice is equally good krill habitat. SO-Globec is a multidisciplinary effort focused on understanding the physical and biological factors that influence growth, reproduction, recruitment and survival of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The program uses a multi-trophic level approach that includes the predators and competitors of Antarctic krill, represented by other zooplankton, fish, penguins, seals, and cetaceans. This collaborative project is concerned with the synthesis and modeling of lower trophic levels. | ["POLYGON((-71 -61,-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-61 -61.9,-61 -62.8,-61 -63.7,-61 -64.6,-61 -65.5,-61 -66.4,-61 -67.3,-61 -68.2,-61 -69.1,-61 -70,-62 -70,-63 -70,-64 -70,-65 -70,-66 -70,-67 -70,-68 -70,-69 -70,-70 -70,-71 -70,-71 -69.1,-71 -68.2,-71 -67.3,-71 -66.4,-71 -65.5,-71 -64.6,-71 -63.7,-71 -62.8,-71 -61.9,-71 -61))"] | ["POINT(-66 -65.5)"] | false | false |
The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)
|
0529666 |
2011-01-01 | Fritsen, Christian |
Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK) |
This collaborative study between the Desert Research Institute, the University of California, Santa Barbara (0529087; Robin Ross), and the University of California, San Diego (0528728; Maria Vernet) will examine the relationship between sea ice extent along the Antarctic Peninsula and the life history of krill (Euphausia superba), by developing, refining, and linking diagnostic datasets and models of phytoplankton decreases in the fall, phytoplankton biomass incorporation into sea ice, sea ice growth dynamics, sea ice algal production and biomass accumulation, and larval krill energetics, condition, and survival. Krill is a key species in the food web of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, and one that is intricately involved with seasonal sea ice dynamics. Results from the Southern Ocean experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program (SO-Globec) field work as well as historical information on sea ice dynamics and krill recruitment suggest a shift in the paradigm that all pack ice is equally good krill habitat. SO-Globec is a multidisciplinary effort focused on understanding the physical and biological factors that influence growth, reproduction, recruitment and survival of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The program uses a multi-trophic level approach that includes the predators and competitors of Antarctic krill, represented by other zooplankton, fish, penguins, seals, and cetaceans. It is currently in a synthesis and modeling phase. This collaborative project is concerned with the lower trophic levels, and will be integrated with other synthesis and modeling studies that deal with grazers, predators, and other higher trophic levels. | ["POLYGON((-180 -39.23,-144 -39.23,-108 -39.23,-72 -39.23,-36 -39.23,0 -39.23,36 -39.23,72 -39.23,108 -39.23,144 -39.23,180 -39.23,180 -44.307,180 -49.384,180 -54.461,180 -59.538,180 -64.615,180 -69.692,180 -74.769,180 -79.846,180 -84.923,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -84.923,-180 -79.846,-180 -74.769,-180 -69.692,-180 -64.615,-180 -59.538,-180 -54.461,-180 -49.384,-180 -44.307,-180 -39.23))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Do Crustacean Zooplankton Play a Pivotal Role in Structuring Heterotrophic Plankton Communities in the Ross Sea?
|
0542111 |
2011-01-01 | Lonsdale, Darcy |
Collaborative Research: Do Crustacean Zooplankton Play a Pivotal Role in Structuring Heterotrophic Plankton Communities in the Ross Sea? |
Recent studies of marine ecosystems show conflicting evidence for trophic cascades, and in particular the relative strength of the crustacean zooplankton-phytoplankton link. The Ross Sea is a natural laboratory for investigating this apparent conflict. It is a site of seasonally high abundances of phytoplankton, characterized by regions of distinct phytoplankton taxa; the southcentral polynya is strongly dominated by the colony-forming prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica, while coastal regions of this sea are typically dominated by diatoms or flagellate species. Recent studies indicate that, while the south-central polynya exhibits a massive phytoplankton bloom, the poor food quality of P. antarctica for many crustacean zooplankton prevents direct utilization of much of this phytoplankton bloom. Rather, evidence suggests that indirect utilization of this production may be the primary mechanism by which carbon and energy become available to those higher trophic levels. Specifically, we hypothesized that nano- and microzooplankton constitute an important food source for crustacean zooplankton (largely copepods and juvenile euphausiids) during the summer period in the Ross Sea where the phytoplankton assemblage is dominated by the prymnesiophyte. In turn, we also hypothesize that predation by copepods (and other Crustacea) controls and structures the species composition of these protistan assemblages. We occupied stations in the south-central Ross Sea Polynya (RSP) and Terra Nova Bay (TNB) during austral summer to test these hypotheses. We hypothesized that the diatom species that dominate the phytoplankton assemblage in TNB constitute a direct source of nutrition to herbivorous/omnivorous zooplankton (relative to the situation in the south-central RSP). That is, the contribution of heterotrophic protists to crustacean diets will be reduced in TNB. Our research addressed fundamental gaps in our knowledge of food web structure and trophic cascades. | ["POINT(-166.287 -76.5799)"] | ["POINT(-166.287 -76.5799)"] | false | false |
IPY: Bacterioplankton Genomic Adaptations to Antarctic Winter
|
0632389 |
2011-01-01 | Grzymski, Joseph; Murray, Alison |
IPY: Bacterioplankton Genomic Adaptations to Antarctic Winter |
The Western Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing one of the most rapid rates of climate warming on Earth, with an increase of 5degrees C in the mean winter temperature in 50 years. Impacts on upper trophic levels are evident, though there have been few, if any studies that have considered the impacts on bacterioplankton in the Southern Ocean. This proposal will characterize the winter bacterioplankton genome, transcriptome, and proteome and discover those features (community composition, genes up-regulated, and proteins expressed) that are essential to winter bacterioplankton survival and livelihood. We have assembled a polar ocean ecology and genomics network including strategic partnerships with Palmer LTER, the British Antarctic Survey's ocean metagenome program, US and Canadian scientists studying the Arctic Ocean genome, an Australian colleague who specialized in archaeal proteomics, and French colleagues studying Sub-Antarctic and Coastal Adelie Land marine bacterioplankton. The primary objectives of this program are: 1 Describe the differences in diversity and genomic content between austral winter and summer bacterioplankton communities. 2. Investigate the winter-time bacterioplankton growth and cellular signals (mRNA and proteins expressed) in order to understand the specific adaptations key to survival. Our results will extend from the Antarctic to the Arctic - as the cold, dark, carbon-limited deep seas linking these two systems have many common features. Education and outreach activities target (i) undergraduate and graduate students, hopefully including minority students recruited through the Diversity in Research in Environmental and Marine Sciences (DREAMS) Program at VIMS; (ii) a broad audience with our education and outreach partnerships with The Cousteau Society and with the Census for Antarctic Marine Life program. Data and links to external databases will be listed on the http://genex2.dri.edu website. Sequence data will be publicly accessible in GenBank and IMG-M databases. | ["POLYGON((-65.3827 -64.4213,-65.13333 -64.4213,-64.88396 -64.4213,-64.63459 -64.4213,-64.38522 -64.4213,-64.13585 -64.4213,-63.88648 -64.4213,-63.63711 -64.4213,-63.38774 -64.4213,-63.13837 -64.4213,-62.889 -64.4213,-62.889 -64.47176,-62.889 -64.52222,-62.889 -64.57268,-62.889 -64.62314,-62.889 -64.6736,-62.889 -64.72406,-62.889 -64.77452,-62.889 -64.82498,-62.889 -64.87544,-62.889 -64.9259,-63.13837 -64.9259,-63.38774 -64.9259,-63.63711 -64.9259,-63.88648 -64.9259,-64.13585 -64.9259,-64.38522 -64.9259,-64.63459 -64.9259,-64.88396 -64.9259,-65.13333 -64.9259,-65.3827 -64.9259,-65.3827 -64.87544,-65.3827 -64.82498,-65.3827 -64.77452,-65.3827 -64.72406,-65.3827 -64.6736,-65.3827 -64.62314,-65.3827 -64.57268,-65.3827 -64.52222,-65.3827 -64.47176,-65.3827 -64.4213))"] | ["POINT(-64.13585 -64.6736)"] | false | false |
Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean
|
0636319 |
2011-01-01 | Shaw, Tim; Twining, Benjamin |
Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean |
Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions:1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children's books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website. | ["POLYGON((-51.9201 -57.5061,-50.99447 -57.5061,-50.06884 -57.5061,-49.14321 -57.5061,-48.21758 -57.5061,-47.29195 -57.5061,-46.36632 -57.5061,-45.44069 -57.5061,-44.51506 -57.5061,-43.58943 -57.5061,-42.6638 -57.5061,-42.6638 -58.03449,-42.6638 -58.56288,-42.6638 -59.09127,-42.6638 -59.61966,-42.6638 -60.14805,-42.6638 -60.67644,-42.6638 -61.20483,-42.6638 -61.73322,-42.6638 -62.26161,-42.6638 -62.79,-43.58943 -62.79,-44.51506 -62.79,-45.44069 -62.79,-46.36632 -62.79,-47.29195 -62.79,-48.21758 -62.79,-49.14321 -62.79,-50.06884 -62.79,-50.99447 -62.79,-51.9201 -62.79,-51.9201 -62.26161,-51.9201 -61.73322,-51.9201 -61.20483,-51.9201 -60.67644,-51.9201 -60.14805,-51.9201 -59.61966,-51.9201 -59.09127,-51.9201 -58.56288,-51.9201 -58.03449,-51.9201 -57.5061))"] | ["POINT(-47.29195 -60.14805)"] | false | false |
Controls on Climate-Active Gases by Amundsen Sea Ice Biota
|
0836061 |
2011-01-01 | Dennett, Mark |
Collaborative Research: Controls on climate-active gases by Amundsen Sea ice biota |
Convincing evidence now confirms that polar regions are changing rapidly in response to human activities. Changes in sea ice extent and thickness will have profound implications for productivity, food webs and carbon fluxes at high latitudes, since sea ice biota are a significant source of biogenic matter for the ecosystem. While sea ice is often thought to be a barrier to gas exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, it more likely functions as a source or sink for climate-active gases such as carbon dioxide and ozone-depleting organohalogens, due in part to activities of microbes embedded in the sea ice matrix. This project brings together experienced US and Swedish investigators to examine the controls by sea-ice biota on the production and degradation of key climate-active gases in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. We hypothesize that 1) the physical properties of the sea-ice environment will determine the community structure and activities of the sea ice biota; 2) the productivity, biomass, physiological state and species composition of ice algae will determine the production of specific classes of organic carbon, including organohalogens; 3) heterotrophic co-metabolism within the ice will break down these compounds to some extent, depending on the microbial community structure and productivity, and 4) the sea ice to atmosphere fluxes of CO2 and organohalogens will be inversely related. This project will build close scientific collaborations between US and Swedish researchers and also train young scientists, including members of underrepresented groups. Dissemination of results will include the scientific literature, and public outreach venues including interactions with a PolarTrec teacher. | ["POLYGON((-170 -69,-163 -69,-156 -69,-149 -69,-142 -69,-135 -69,-128 -69,-121 -69,-114 -69,-107 -69,-100 -69,-100 -70,-100 -71,-100 -72,-100 -73,-100 -74,-100 -75,-100 -76,-100 -77,-100 -78,-100 -79,-107 -79,-114 -79,-121 -79,-128 -79,-135 -79,-142 -79,-149 -79,-156 -79,-163 -79,-170 -79,-170 -78,-170 -77,-170 -76,-170 -75,-170 -74,-170 -73,-170 -72,-170 -71,-170 -70,-170 -69))"] | ["POINT(-135 -74)"] | false | false |
Historic Perspectives on Climate and Biogeography from Deep-Sea Corals in the Drake Passage
|
0944474 |
2011-01-01 | Robinson, Laura |
Collaborative Research: Historic Perspectives on Climate and Biogeography from Deep-sea Corals in the Drake Passage |
Polar oceans are the main sites of deep-water formation and are critical to the exchange of heat and carbon between the deep ocean and the atmosphere. This award "Historic perspectives on climate and biogeography from deep-sea corals in the Drake Passage" will address the following specific research questions: What was the radiocarbon content of the Southern Ocean during the last glacial maximum and during past rapid climate change events? and What are the major controls on the past and present distribution of cold-water corals within the Drake Passage and adjacent continental shelves? Testing these overall questions will allow the researchers to better understand how processes in the Southern Ocean are linked to climate change over millennia. This award is being funded by the Antarctic Earth Sciences Program of NSF's Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. INTELLECTUAL MERIT: The skeletons of deep-sea corals are abundant in the Southern Ocean, and can be dated using U-series techniques making them a useful archive of oceanographic history. By pairing U-series and radiocarbon analyses the awardees can reconstruct the radiocarbon content of seawater in the past, allowing them to address the research questions raised above. Collection of living deep-sea corals along with environmental data will allow them to address the broader biogeography questions posed above as well. The awardees are uniquely qualified to answer these questions in their respective labs via cutting edge technologies, and they have shown promising results from a preliminary pilot cruise to the area in 2008. BROADER IMPACTS: Societal Relevance: The proposed paleoclimate research will make significant advances toward constraining the Southern Ocean's influence on global climate, specifically it should help set the bounds for the upper limits on how fast the ocean circulation might change in this region of the world, which is of high societal relevance in this era of changing climate. Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating undergraduate through post-doctoral students into research programs; ii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by providing information via a cruise website and in-school talks, iii) making the data collected available to the wider research community via data archives such as Seamounts Online and the Seamount Biogeographic Network and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as interviews in the popular media. | ["POLYGON((-70.5 -54.5,-66.95 -54.5,-63.4 -54.5,-59.85 -54.5,-56.3 -54.5,-52.75 -54.5,-49.2 -54.5,-45.65 -54.5,-42.1 -54.5,-38.55 -54.5,-35 -54.5,-35 -55.2,-35 -55.9,-35 -56.6,-35 -57.3,-35 -58,-35 -58.7,-35 -59.4,-35 -60.1,-35 -60.8,-35 -61.5,-38.55 -61.5,-42.1 -61.5,-45.65 -61.5,-49.2 -61.5,-52.75 -61.5,-56.3 -61.5,-59.85 -61.5,-63.4 -61.5,-66.95 -61.5,-70.5 -61.5,-70.5 -60.8,-70.5 -60.1,-70.5 -59.4,-70.5 -58.7,-70.5 -58,-70.5 -57.3,-70.5 -56.6,-70.5 -55.9,-70.5 -55.2,-70.5 -54.5))"] | ["POINT(-52.75 -58)"] | false | false |
Free-Drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean
|
0636543 |
2010-01-01 | Murray, Alison |
Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean |
Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children's books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website. | ["POLYGON((-51.98403 -57.58068,-51.042765 -57.58068,-50.1015 -57.58068,-49.160235 -57.58068,-48.21897 -57.58068,-47.277705 -57.58068,-46.33644 -57.58068,-45.395175 -57.58068,-44.45391 -57.58068,-43.512645 -57.58068,-42.57138 -57.58068,-42.57138 -58.10845,-42.57138 -58.63622,-42.57138 -59.16399,-42.57138 -59.69176,-42.57138 -60.21953,-42.57138 -60.7473,-42.57138 -61.27507,-42.57138 -61.80284,-42.57138 -62.33061,-42.57138 -62.85838,-43.512645 -62.85838,-44.45391 -62.85838,-45.395175 -62.85838,-46.33644 -62.85838,-47.277705 -62.85838,-48.21897 -62.85838,-49.160235 -62.85838,-50.1015 -62.85838,-51.042765 -62.85838,-51.98403 -62.85838,-51.98403 -62.33061,-51.98403 -61.80284,-51.98403 -61.27507,-51.98403 -60.7473,-51.98403 -60.21953,-51.98403 -59.69176,-51.98403 -59.16399,-51.98403 -58.63622,-51.98403 -58.10845,-51.98403 -57.58068))"] | ["POINT(-47.277705 -60.21953)"] | false | false |
Antarctica's Geological History Reflected in Sedimentary Radiogenic Isotopes
|
0538580 |
2010-01-01 | van de Flierdt, Tina; Goldstein, Steven L.; Hemming, Sidney R. |
Antarctica's Geological History Reflected in Sedimentary Radiogenic Isotopes |
This project studies sediment from the ocean floor to understand Antarctica's geologic history. Glacially eroded from the Antarctic continent, these sediments may offer insight into the 99% Antarctica covered by ice. The work's central focus is determining crust formation ages and thermal histories for three key areas of East Antarctica--Prydz Bay, eastern Weddell Sea, and Wilkes Land--through a combination of petrography, bulk sediment geochemistry and radiogenic isotopes, as well as isotope chronology of individual mineral grains. One specific objective is characterizing the composition of the Gamburtsev Mountains through studies of Eocene fluvial sediments from Prydz Bay. In addition to furthering our understanding of the hidden terrains of Antarctica, these terrigenous sediments will also serve as a natural laboratory to evaluate the effects of continental weathering on the Hf/Nd isotope systematics of seawater. An important broader impact of the project is providing exciting research projects for graduate and postdoctoral students using state of the art techniques in geochemistry. | ["POLYGON((60 -60,72 -60,84 -60,96 -60,108 -60,120 -60,132 -60,144 -60,156 -60,168 -60,180 -60,180 -61,180 -62,180 -63,180 -64,180 -65,180 -66,180 -67,180 -68,180 -69,180 -70,168 -70,156 -70,144 -70,132 -70,120 -70,108 -70,96 -70,84 -70,72 -70,60 -70,60 -69,60 -68,60 -67,60 -66,60 -65,60 -64,60 -63,60 -62,60 -61,60 -60))"] | ["POINT(120 -65)"] | false | false |
Impacts of Elevated pCO2 on a Dominant Aragonitic Pteropod (Thecosomata) and its Specialist Predator (Gymnosomata) in the Ross Sea
|
0538479 |
2010-01-01 | Seibel, Brad |
Collaborative Research: Impacts of Elevated pCO2 on a Dominant Aragonitic Pteropod (Thecosomata) and its Specialist Predator (Gymnosomata) in the Ross Sea |
Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have resulted in greater oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide can impact marine organisms both via decreased carbonate saturation that affects calcification rates and via disturbance to acid-base (metabolic) physiology. Pteropod molluscs (Thecosomata) form shells made of aragonite, a type of calcium carbonate that is highly soluble, suggesting that these organisms may be particularly sensitive to increasing carbon dioxide and reduced carbonate ion concentration. Thecosome pteropods, which dominate the calcium carbonate export south of the Antarctic Polar Front, will be the first major group of marine calcifying organisms to experience carbonate undersaturation within parts of their present-day geographical ranges as a result of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. An unusual, co-evolved relationship between thecosomes and their specialized gymnosome predators provides a unique backdrop against which to assess the physiological and ecological importance of elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Pteropods are functionally important components of the Antarctic ecosystem with potential to influence phytoplankton stocks, carbon export, and dimethyl sulfide levels that, in turn, influence global climate through ocean-atmosphere feedback loops. The research will quantify the impact of elevated carbon dioxide on a dominant aragonitic pteropod, Limacina helicina, and its specialist predator, the gymnosome Clione antarctica, in the Ross Sea through laboratory experimentation. Results will be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific understanding in this field. The project involves collaboration between researchers at a predominantly undergraduate institution with a significant enrollment of students that are typically underrepresented in the research environment (California State University San Marcos - CSUSM) and at a Ph.D.-granting institution (University of Rhode Island - URI). The program will promote education and learning through the joint education of undergraduate students and graduate students at CSUSM and URI as part of a research team, as well as through the teaching activities of the principal investigators. Dr. Keating, CSUSM professor of science education, will participate in the McMurdo fieldwork and lead the outreach opportunities for the project. | ["POLYGON((166 -77,166.1 -77,166.2 -77,166.3 -77,166.4 -77,166.5 -77,166.6 -77,166.7 -77,166.8 -77,166.9 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.9 -78,166.8 -78,166.7 -78,166.6 -78,166.5 -78,166.4 -78,166.3 -78,166.2 -78,166.1 -78,166 -78,166 -77.9,166 -77.8,166 -77.7,166 -77.6,166 -77.5,166 -77.4,166 -77.3,166 -77.2,166 -77.1,166 -77))"] | ["POINT(166.5 -77.5)"] | false | false |
R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer NBP0603 - Paleohistory of the Larsen Ice Shelf System
|
0338163 |
2010-01-01 | Domack, Eugene Walter |
Collaborative Research: Paleohistory of the Larsen Ice Shelf System: Phase II |
The NSF-supported research icebreaker Nathaniel B. Palmer operates year-round in support of the U.S. Antarctic Program, carrying out global change studies in biological, chemical, physical, and oceanographic disciplines. This data set consists of underway data from leg NBP0603 on the R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer. This leg started at Punta Arenas, Chile and ended at Punta Arenas, Chile. | ["POLYGON((-70.90391 -52.35262,-68.130917 -52.35262,-65.357924 -52.35262,-62.584931 -52.35262,-59.811938 -52.35262,-57.038945 -52.35262,-54.265952 -52.35262,-51.492959 -52.35262,-48.719966 -52.35262,-45.946973 -52.35262,-43.17398 -52.35262,-43.17398 -53.75776,-43.17398 -55.1629,-43.17398 -56.56804,-43.17398 -57.97318,-43.17398 -59.37832,-43.17398 -60.78346,-43.17398 -62.1886,-43.17398 -63.59374,-43.17398 -64.99888,-43.17398 -66.40402,-45.946973 -66.40402,-48.719966 -66.40402,-51.492959 -66.40402,-54.265952 -66.40402,-57.038945 -66.40402,-59.811938 -66.40402,-62.584931 -66.40402,-65.357924 -66.40402,-68.130917 -66.40402,-70.90391 -66.40402,-70.90391 -64.99888,-70.90391 -63.59374,-70.90391 -62.1886,-70.90391 -60.78346,-70.90391 -59.37832,-70.90391 -57.97318,-70.90391 -56.56804,-70.90391 -55.1629,-70.90391 -53.75776,-70.90391 -52.35262))"] | ["POINT(-57.038945 -59.37832)"] | false | false |
The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula
|
0442857 |
2010-01-01 | Baker, Bill |
Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing |
Mesoherbivores, and specifically amphipods, are a conspicuous and dominant component of the macroalgal community in Antarctica. Despite their high abundance, the functional ecology, and particularly the trophic relationships of Antarctic amphipods are poorly understood. This project will evaluate the importance of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1 to 25 mm in body length) in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities. This will be accomplished by examining the role of mesoherbivores in structuring macroalgal communities and by elucidating the ecological interactions of mesograzers with a dominant group of benthic macroinvertebrates, the marine sponges. Moreover, chemical studies will be conducted to gain a more thorough understanding of the chemical defenses that Antarctic Peninsula sponges direct towards crustacean mesograzers. Three sets of questions will be addressed concerning the importance of mesograzers, and amphipods in particular, in nearshore habitats of the western Antarctic Peninsula. First, the hypothesis that mesoherbivory is particularly heavy in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities and has an important influence on algal community structure will be addressed. Initial studies will document which species of amphipods feed in whole or part on microalgae and macroalgae, the incidence and distribution of filamentous endophytes in dominant macroalgae, comparative night time patterns of amphipod abundances on macrophytes, and the role of chemical mediation in these relationships. Second, the broad hypothesis that mesograzers in general, and amphipods in particular, interact with and prey upon sponges to a greater extent than heretofore recognized in Antarctic communities will be tested. The functional basis of these associations will be considered by examining whether the sponges are used as prey, and if so, whether there is evidence that some sponges produce secondary metabolites that show efficacy against mesograzers such as amphipods. Third, the researchers will test the hypotheses that: 1) Antarctic algae and invertebrates biosynthesize secondary metabolites that deter feeding by amphipod predators; and 2) pigments found in three Antarctic sponges are tryptophan catabolites produced as defenses against crustacean predators that impact molting. Evaluation of these hypotheses will be based on isolation and characterization of the specific anti-feeding metabolites, on biosynthetic studies to establish the metabolic origin of the pigments, and on bioassays to establish the chemical defense roles of both groups of compounds. A variety of educational activities will be a major component of this project. Opportunities will be made to support graduate and undergraduate research, both through NSF programs as well as home university-based programs including a number of funded programs that enhance the representation of minorities in the sciences. Through their proven and highly successful interactive web program, the investigators will continue to involve a large numbers of teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large in their scientific endeavors in Antarctica. Moreover, they will actively participate in outreach efforts by presenting numerous talks on their research to school and community groups. | ["POLYGON((-65 -63,-64.8 -63,-64.6 -63,-64.4 -63,-64.2 -63,-64 -63,-63.8 -63,-63.6 -63,-63.4 -63,-63.2 -63,-63 -63,-63 -63.2,-63 -63.4,-63 -63.6,-63 -63.8,-63 -64,-63 -64.2,-63 -64.4,-63 -64.6,-63 -64.8,-63 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.4 -65,-63.6 -65,-63.8 -65,-64 -65,-64.2 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.6 -65,-64.8 -65,-65 -65,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.6,-65 -64.4,-65 -64.2,-65 -64,-65 -63.8,-65 -63.6,-65 -63.4,-65 -63.2,-65 -63))"] | ["POINT(-64 -64)"] | false | false |
The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula
|
0442769 |
2010-01-01 | McClintock, James; Amsler, Charles |
Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing |
Mesoherbivores, and specifically amphipods, are a conspicuous and dominant component of the macroalgal community in Antarctica. Despite their high abundance, the functional ecology, and particularly the trophic relationships of Antarctic amphipods are poorly understood. This project will evaluate the importance of mesograzers (small invertebrate predators approximately 1 to 25 mm in body length) in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities. This will be accomplished by examining the role of mesoherbivores in structuring macroalgal communities and by elucidating the ecological interactions of mesograzers with a dominant group of benthic macroinvertebrates, the marine sponges. Moreover, chemical studies will be conducted to gain a more thorough understanding of the chemical defenses that Antarctic Peninsula sponges direct towards crustacean mesograzers. Three sets of questions will be addressed concerning the importance of mesograzers, and amphipods in particular, in nearshore habitats of the western Antarctic Peninsula. First, the hypothesis that mesoherbivory is particularly heavy in western Antarctic Peninsula marine communities and has an important influence on algal community structure will be addressed. Initial studies will document which species of amphipods feed in whole or part on microalgae and macroalgae, the incidence and distribution of filamentous endophytes in dominant macroalgae, comparative night time patterns of amphipod abundances on macrophytes, and the role of chemical mediation in these relationships. Second, the broad hypothesis that mesograzers in general, and amphipods in particular, interact with and prey upon sponges to a greater extent than heretofore recognized in Antarctic communities will be tested. The functional basis of these associations will be considered by examining whether the sponges are used as prey, and if so, whether there is evidence that some sponges produce secondary metabolites that show efficacy against mesograzers such as amphipods. Third, the researchers will test the hypotheses that: 1) Antarctic algae and invertebrates biosynthesize secondary metabolites that deter feeding by amphipod predators; and 2) pigments found in three Antarctic sponges are tryptophan catabolites produced as defenses against crustacean predators that impact molting. Evaluation of these hypotheses will be based on isolation and characterization of the specific anti-feeding metabolites, on biosynthetic studies to establish the metabolic origin of the pigments, and on bioassays to establish the chemical defense roles of both groups of compounds. A variety of educational activities will be a major component of this project. Opportunities will be made to support graduate and undergraduate research, both through NSF programs as well as home university-based programs including a number of funded programs that enhance the representation of minorities in the sciences. Through their proven and highly successful interactive web program, the investigators will continue to involve a large numbers of teachers, K-12 students, and other members of the community at large in their scientific endeavors in Antarctica. Moreover, they will actively participate in outreach efforts by presenting numerous talks on their research to school and community groups. | ["POLYGON((-64.15 -64.78,-64.132 -64.78,-64.114 -64.78,-64.096 -64.78,-64.078 -64.78,-64.06 -64.78,-64.042 -64.78,-64.024 -64.78,-64.006 -64.78,-63.988 -64.78,-63.97 -64.78,-63.97 -64.784,-63.97 -64.788,-63.97 -64.792,-63.97 -64.796,-63.97 -64.8,-63.97 -64.804,-63.97 -64.808,-63.97 -64.812,-63.97 -64.816,-63.97 -64.82,-63.988 -64.82,-64.006 -64.82,-64.024 -64.82,-64.042 -64.82,-64.06 -64.82,-64.078 -64.82,-64.096 -64.82,-64.114 -64.82,-64.132 -64.82,-64.15 -64.82,-64.15 -64.816,-64.15 -64.812,-64.15 -64.808,-64.15 -64.804,-64.15 -64.8,-64.15 -64.796,-64.15 -64.792,-64.15 -64.788,-64.15 -64.784,-64.15 -64.78))"] | ["POINT(-64.06 -64.8)"] | false | false |
Relevance of Planktonic Larval Dispersal to Endemism and Biogeography of Antarctic Benthic Invertebrates
|
0338087 |
2010-01-01 | Scheltema, Rudolf |
Collaborative Research: Relevance of Planktonic Larval Dispersal to Endemism and Biogeography of Antarctic Benthic Invertebrates |
Because of extreme isolation of the Antarctic continent since the Early Oligocene, one expects a unique invertebrate benthic fauna with a high degree of endemism. Yet some invertebrate taxa that constitute important ecological components of sedimentary benthic communities include more than 40 percent non-endemic species (e.g., benthic polychaetes). To account for non-endemic species, intermittent genetic exchange must occur between Antarctic and other (e.g. South American) populations. The most likely mechanism for such gene flow, at least for in-faunal and mobile macrobenthos, is dispersal of planktonic larvae across the sub- Antarctic and Antarctic polar fronts. To test for larval dispersal as a mechanism of maintaining genetic continuity across polar fronts, the scientists propose to (1) take plankton samples along transects across Drake passage during both the austral summer and winter seasons while concurrently collecting the appropriate hydrographic data. Such data will help elucidate the hydrographic mechanisms that allow dispersal across Drake Passage. Using a molecular phylogenetic approach, they will (2) compare seemingly identical adult forms from Antarctic and South America continents to identify genetic breaks, historical gene flow, and control for the presence of cryptic species. (3) Similar molecular tools will be used to relate planktonic larvae to their adult forms. Through this procedure, they propose to link the larval forms respectively to their Antarctic or South America origins. The proposed work builds on previous research that provides the basis for this effort to develop a synthetic understanding of historical gene flow and present day dispersal mechanism in South American/Drake Passage/Antarctic Peninsular region. Furthermore, this work represents one of the first attempts to examine recent gene flow in Antarctic benthic invertebrates. Graduate students and a postdoctoral fellow will be trained during this research. | ["POLYGON((-70 -53,-68.4 -53,-66.8 -53,-65.2 -53,-63.6 -53,-62 -53,-60.4 -53,-58.8 -53,-57.2 -53,-55.6 -53,-54 -53,-54 -54.5,-54 -56,-54 -57.5,-54 -59,-54 -60.5,-54 -62,-54 -63.5,-54 -65,-54 -66.5,-54 -68,-55.6 -68,-57.2 -68,-58.8 -68,-60.4 -68,-62 -68,-63.6 -68,-65.2 -68,-66.8 -68,-68.4 -68,-70 -68,-70 -66.5,-70 -65,-70 -63.5,-70 -62,-70 -60.5,-70 -59,-70 -57.5,-70 -56,-70 -54.5,-70 -53))"] | ["POINT(-62 -60.5)"] | false | false |
Interactive Effects of Iron, Light and Carbon Dioxide on Phytoplankton Community Dynamics in the Ross Sea
|
0338097 |
2010-01-01 | DiTullio, Giacomo |
Collaborative Research: Interactive Effects of Iron, Light and Carbon Dioxide on Phytoplankton Community Dynamics in the Ross Sea |
The objectives of this proposal are to investigate the controls on the large-scale distribution and production of the two major bloom-forming phytoplankton taxa in the Southern Ocean, diatoms and Phaeocystis Antarctica. These two groups, through their involvement in the biogeochemical cycles of carbon, sulfur and nutrient elements, may have played important roles in the climate variations of the late Quaternary, and they also may be key players in future environmental change. A current paradigm is that irradiance and iron availability drive phytoplankton dynamics in the Southern Ocean. Recent work, however, suggests that carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations may also be important in structuring algal assemblages, due to species-specific differences in the physiology. This proposal examines the interactive effects of iron, light and CO2 on the physiology, ecology and relative dominance of Phaeocystis and diatoms in the Southern Ocean. The Ross Sea is an ideal system in which to investigate the environmental factors that regulate the distribution and production of these two algal groups, since it is characterized by seasonal blooms of both P. Antarctica and diatoms that are typically separated in both space and time. This study will take the form of an interdisciplinary investigation that includes a field survey and statistical analysis of algal assemblage composition, iron, mixed layer depth, and CO2 levels in the southern Ross Sea, coupled with shipboard experiments to examine the response of diatom and P. Antarctica assemblages to high and low levels of iron, light and CO2 during spring and summer. This project will provide information on some of the major factors controlling the production and distribution of the two major bloom forming phytoplankton in the Southern Ocean and the related biogeochemical cycling of carbon, sulfur and nutrient elements. The results may ultimately advance the ability to predict how the Southern Ocean will be affected by and possibly modulate future climate change. This project will also make significant educational contributions at several levels, including the planned research involvement of graduate and undergraduate students, postdoctoral associates, a student teacher, and community outreach and educational activities. A number of activities are planned to interface the project with K-12 education. Presentations will be made at local schools to discuss the research and events of the research cruise. During the cruise there will be daily interactive email contact with elementary classrooms. Established websites will be used to allow students to learn about the ongoing research, and to allow researchers to communicate with students through text and downloaded images. | ["POLYGON((-169.94 -52.24,-169.449 -52.24,-168.958 -52.24,-168.467 -52.24,-167.976 -52.24,-167.485 -52.24,-166.994 -52.24,-166.503 -52.24,-166.012 -52.24,-165.521 -52.24,-165.03 -52.24,-165.03 -54.879,-165.03 -57.518,-165.03 -60.157,-165.03 -62.796,-165.03 -65.435,-165.03 -68.074,-165.03 -70.713,-165.03 -73.352,-165.03 -75.991,-165.03 -78.63,-165.521 -78.63,-166.012 -78.63,-166.503 -78.63,-166.994 -78.63,-167.485 -78.63,-167.976 -78.63,-168.467 -78.63,-168.958 -78.63,-169.449 -78.63,-169.94 -78.63,-169.94 -75.991,-169.94 -73.352,-169.94 -70.713,-169.94 -68.074,-169.94 -65.435,-169.94 -62.796,-169.94 -60.157,-169.94 -57.518,-169.94 -54.879,-169.94 -52.24))"] | ["POINT(-167.485 -65.435)"] | false | false |
Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection
|
0440687 |
2010-01-01 | Klinck, John M.; Crocker, Daniel; Goebel, Michael; Hofmann, Eileen; Costa, Daniel |
Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection |
As long-lived animals, marine mammals must be capable of accommodating broad variations in food resources over large spatial and temporal scales. While this is true of all marine mammals, variation in the physical and biological environmental is particularly profound in the Southern Ocean. A basic understanding of the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of pelagic predators requires knowledge of this spatial and temporal variation, coupled with information of how they respond to these changes. Current understanding of these associations is primarily limited to population level studies where animal abundance has been correlated with oceanography. Although these studies are informative, they cannot provide insights into the strategies employed by individual animals nor can they provide insights into the spatial or temporal course of these interactions. Recent technological advances in instrumentation make it possible to extend an understanding beyond the simple linkage of prey and predator distributions with environmental features. The key to understanding the processes that lead to high predator abundance is the identification of the specific foraging behaviors associated with different features of the water column. This study will accomplish these objectives by combining accurate positional data, measures of diving and foraging behavior, animal-derived water-column temperature and salinity data, and available oceanographic data. This project will examine the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of two species of contrasting foraging ecology, the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, and the crabeater seal, Lobodon carcinophagus in the Western Antarctic Peninsula, a region of strong environmental gradients. Although these two species are phylogenetically related, they utilize substantially different but adjacent habitat types. Southern elephant seals are predominantly pelagic, moving throughout the southern ocean, venturing occasionally into the seasonal pack ice whereas crabeater seals range throughout the seasonal pack ice, venturing occasionally into open water. The relationship of specific foraging behaviors and animal movement patterns to oceanographic and bathymetric features develop and test models of the importance of these features in defining habitat use will be determined along with a comparison of how individuals of each species respond to annual variability in the marine environment. The physical oceanography of the Southern Ocean is inherently complex as are the biological processes that are intrinsically linked to oceanographic processes. Significant resources are currently being directed toward developing mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes with the goals of better understanding the role that the Southern Ocean plays in global climate processes, predicting the responses of ocean and global scale processes to climate change, and understanding the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. These efforts have been limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data in the region, especially at high latitudes in the winter months. This study will provide new and significant oceanographic data on temperature and salinity profiles in to further the understanding of the dynamics of the upper water column of west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf waters. Outreach activities include website development and an association with a marine education program at the Monterrey Bay Aquarium Research Institute. | ["POLYGON((-64 -60,-63 -60,-62 -60,-61 -60,-60 -60,-59 -60,-58 -60,-57 -60,-56 -60,-55 -60,-54 -60,-54 -60.4,-54 -60.8,-54 -61.2,-54 -61.6,-54 -62,-54 -62.4,-54 -62.8,-54 -63.2,-54 -63.6,-54 -64,-55 -64,-56 -64,-57 -64,-58 -64,-59 -64,-60 -64,-61 -64,-62 -64,-63 -64,-64 -64,-64 -63.6,-64 -63.2,-64 -62.8,-64 -62.4,-64 -62,-64 -61.6,-64 -61.2,-64 -60.8,-64 -60.4,-64 -60))"] | ["POINT(-59 -62)"] | false | false |
SGER: Foraging Patterns of Elephant Seals in the Vicinity of the WIlkins Ice Shelf
|
0840375 |
2010-01-01 | Goebel, Michael; Costa, Daniel |
SGER: Foraging Patterns of Elephant Seals in the Vicinity of the WIlkins Ice Shelf |
Long-lived animals such as elephant seals may endure variation in food resources over large spatial and temporal scales. Understanding how they respond to these fluctuations requires knowledge of how their foraging behavior and habitat utilization varies over time. Advances in satellite-linked data logging have made it possible to correlate the foraging behavior of marine mammals with their physical and chemical environment and provide insight into the mechanisms controlling at-sea movements, foraging behavior and, ultimately, reproductive success of these pelagic predators. In addition, these technological advances enable marine mammals to be used as highly cost-effective platforms from which detailed oceanographic data can be collected on a scale not possible with conventional methods. The project will extend the four-year-time-series collected on the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of southern elephant seal (Mirounga leonina) foraging in the Western Antarctic Peninsula. It also will extend the oceanographic time-series of CTD profiles collected by the elephant seals foraging from the Livingston Island rookery. Seals have been collecting CTD profiles in the vicinity of the Wilkins Ice Shelf (WIS) since 2005. We thus have a 4 year data set that preceding and during the breakup of the WIS that occurred during March 2008. Deployment of additional tags on seals will provide a unique opportunity to collect oceanographic data after the ice shelf has collapsed. | ["POLYGON((-64 -60,-63 -60,-62 -60,-61 -60,-60 -60,-59 -60,-58 -60,-57 -60,-56 -60,-55 -60,-54 -60,-54 -60.4,-54 -60.8,-54 -61.2,-54 -61.6,-54 -62,-54 -62.4,-54 -62.8,-54 -63.2,-54 -63.6,-54 -64,-55 -64,-56 -64,-57 -64,-58 -64,-59 -64,-60 -64,-61 -64,-62 -64,-63 -64,-64 -64,-64 -63.6,-64 -63.2,-64 -62.8,-64 -62.4,-64 -62,-64 -61.6,-64 -61.2,-64 -60.8,-64 -60.4,-64 -60))"] | ["POINT(-59 -62)"] | false | false |
Controls on Climate-Active Gases by Amundsen Sea Ice Biota
|
0836112 |
2010-01-01 | Smith, Walker |
Collaborative Research: Controls on climate-active gases by Amundsen Sea ice biota |
Convincing evidence now confirms that polar regions are changing rapidly in response to human activities. Changes in sea ice extent and thickness will have profound implications for productivity, food webs and carbon fluxes at high latitudes, since sea ice biota are a significant source of biogenic matter for the ecosystem. While sea ice is often thought to be a barrier to gas exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, it more likely functions as a source or sink for climate-active gases such as carbon dioxide and ozone-depleting organohalogens, due in part to activities of microbes embedded in the sea ice matrix. This project brings together experienced US and Swedish investigators to examine the controls by sea-ice biota on the production and degradation of key climate-active gases in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. We hypothesize that 1) the physical properties of the sea-ice environment will determine the community structure and activities of the sea ice biota; 2) the productivity, biomass, physiological state and species composition of ice algae will determine the production of specific classes of organic carbon, including organohalogens; 3) heterotrophic co-metabolism within the ice will break down these compounds to some extent, depending on the microbial community structure and productivity, and 4) the sea ice to atmosphere fluxes of CO2 and organohalogens will be inversely related. This project will build close scientific collaborations between US and Swedish researchers and also train young scientists, including members of underrepresented groups. Dissemination of results will include the scientific literature, and public outreach venues including interactions with a PolarTrec teacher. | ["POLYGON((-170 -69,-163 -69,-156 -69,-149 -69,-142 -69,-135 -69,-128 -69,-121 -69,-114 -69,-107 -69,-100 -69,-100 -70,-100 -71,-100 -72,-100 -73,-100 -74,-100 -75,-100 -76,-100 -77,-100 -78,-100 -79,-107 -79,-114 -79,-121 -79,-128 -79,-135 -79,-142 -79,-149 -79,-156 -79,-163 -79,-170 -79,-170 -78,-170 -77,-170 -76,-170 -75,-170 -74,-170 -73,-170 -72,-170 -71,-170 -70,-170 -69))"] | ["POINT(-135 -74)"] | false | false |
Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station
|
9024544 |
2010-01-01 | Andreas, Edgar |
Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station |
Location: Ice camp on perennial sea ice in the southwestern corner of the Weddell Sea, Antarctic The first direct radiative and turbulent surface flux measurements ever made over floating Antarctic sea ice. The data are from Ice Station Weddell as it drifted in the western Weddell Sea from February to late May 1992. Data Types: Hourly measurements of the turbulent surface fluxes of momentum and sensible and latent heat by eddy covariance at a height of 4.65 m above snow-covered sea ice. Instruments were a 3-axis sonic anemometer/thermometer and a Lyman-alpha hygrometer. Hourly, surface-level measurements of the four radiation components: in-coming and out-going longwave and shortwave radiation. Instruments were hemispherical pyranometers and pyrgeometers. Hourly mean values of standard meteorological variables: air temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, surface temperature. Instruments were a propeller-vane for wind speed and direction and cooled-mirror dew-point hygrometers and platinum resistance thermometers for dew-points and temperatures. Surface temperature came from a Barnes PRT-5 infrared thermometer. Flux Data The entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named ISW_Flux_Data.zip The main data file is comma delimited. The README file is ASCII. The associated reprints of publications are in pdf. Radiosounding data: On Ice Station Weddell, typically twice a day from 21 February through 4 June 1992 made with both tethered (i.e., only boundary-layer profiles) and (more rarely) free-flying sondes that did not measure wind speed. (168 soundings). ISW Radiosoundings The entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named ISW_Radiosounding.zip. The README file is in ASCII. Two summary files that include the list of sounding and the declinations are in ASCII. The 168 individual sounding files are in ASCII. Two supporting publications that describe the data and some analyses are in pdf. Radiosounding data collected from the Russian ship Akademic Fedorov from 26 May through 5 June 1992 at 6-hourly intervals as it approached Ice Station Weddell from the north. These soundings include wind vector, temperature, humidity, and pressure. (40 soundings) Akademic Federov Radiosoundings The entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named Akad_Federov_Radiosounding.zip. The README file is in ASCII. A summary file that lists the soundings is in ASCII. The 40 individual sounding files are in ASCII. Two supporting publications that describe the data and some analyses are in pdf. Documentation: Andreas, E. L, and K. J. Claffey, 1995: Air-ice drag coefficients in the western Weddell Sea: 1. Values deduced from profile measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 4821–4831. Andreas, E. L, K. J. Claffey, and A. P. Makshtas, 2000: Low-level atmospheric jets and inversions over the western Weddell Sea. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 97, 459–486. Andreas, E. L, R. E. Jordan, and A. P. Makshtas, 2004: Simulations of snow, ice, and near-surface atmospheric processes on Ice Station Weddell. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5, 611–624. Andreas, E. L, R. E. Jordan, and A. P. Makshtas, 2005: Parameterizing turbulent exchange over sea ice: The Ice Station Weddell results. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 114, 439–460. Andreas, E. L, P. O. G. Persson, R. E. Jordan, T. W. Horst, P. S. Guest, A. A. Grachev, and C. W. Fairall, 2010: Parameterizing turbulent exchange over sea ice in winter. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 11, 87–104. Claffey, K. J., E. L Andreas, and A. P. Makshtas, 1994: Upper-air data collected on Ice Station Weddell. Special Report 94-25, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 62 pp. ISW Group, 1993: Weddell Sea exploration from ice station. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 74, 121–126. Makshtas, A. P., E. L Andreas, P. N. Svyaschennikov, and V. F. Timachev, 1999: Accounting for clouds in sea ice models. Atmospheric Research, 52, 77–113. | ["POLYGON((-53.8 -61.2,-52.74 -61.2,-51.68 -61.2,-50.62 -61.2,-49.56 -61.2,-48.5 -61.2,-47.44 -61.2,-46.38 -61.2,-45.32 -61.2,-44.26 -61.2,-43.2 -61.2,-43.2 -62.22,-43.2 -63.24,-43.2 -64.26,-43.2 -65.28,-43.2 -66.3,-43.2 -67.32,-43.2 -68.34,-43.2 -69.36,-43.2 -70.38,-43.2 -71.4,-44.26 -71.4,-45.32 -71.4,-46.38 -71.4,-47.44 -71.4,-48.5 -71.4,-49.56 -71.4,-50.62 -71.4,-51.68 -71.4,-52.74 -71.4,-53.8 -71.4,-53.8 -70.38,-53.8 -69.36,-53.8 -68.34,-53.8 -67.32,-53.8 -66.3,-53.8 -65.28,-53.8 -64.26,-53.8 -63.24,-53.8 -62.22,-53.8 -61.2))"] | ["POINT(-48.5 -66.3)"] | false | false |
Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods
|
0808947 |
2010-01-01 | Fabry, Victoria; Hofmann, Gretchen |
Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods |
This Small Grant for Exploratory Research (SGER) will support the rapid acquisition of DNA sequence for the Antarctic pteropod Limacina helicina, a resource that would allow the development of a cDNA microarray to profile gene expression in this critical marine invertebrate in response to ocean acidification. This request would facilitate the collaboration of the PI (Hofmann), a marine molecular ecologist, with co-PI, Prof. Victoria Fabry, an expert in pteropod calcification biology, and a leader in the ocean acidification research community. Finally, the resources developed here would be shared with the polar research community and all DNA sequence data and protocols would be available via web databases. Notably, the genomic tool developed here would most likely be useful for pteropods from Antarctic and Arctic waters. The broader impacts of this project would be the development of genomic tools for a critical Antarctic marine invertebrate that is threatened by ocean acidification. In addition, these resources would be shared with the polar biology research community. | ["POLYGON((-160 -70,-159 -70,-158 -70,-157 -70,-156 -70,-155 -70,-154 -70,-153 -70,-152 -70,-151 -70,-150 -70,-150 -70.7,-150 -71.4,-150 -72.1,-150 -72.8,-150 -73.5,-150 -74.2,-150 -74.9,-150 -75.6,-150 -76.3,-150 -77,-151 -77,-152 -77,-153 -77,-154 -77,-155 -77,-156 -77,-157 -77,-158 -77,-159 -77,-160 -77,-160 -76.3,-160 -75.6,-160 -74.9,-160 -74.2,-160 -73.5,-160 -72.8,-160 -72.1,-160 -71.4,-160 -70.7,-160 -70))"] | ["POINT(-155 -73.5)"] | false | false |
Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles
|
0801392 |
2010-01-01 | Swanson, Brian |
Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles |
The primary objective of this research is to investigate polar marine psychrophilic bacteria for their potential to nucleate ice using a combination of microbiological, molecular biological and atmospheric science approaches in the laboratory. Very little is known about how psychrophiles interact and cope with ice or their adaptations to conditions of extreme cold and salinity. This work will involve a series of laboratory experiments using a novel freeze-tube technique for assaying freezing spectra which will provide quantitative information on: (i) the temperature-dependent freezing rates for heterogeneously frozen droplets containing sea-ice bacteria, (ii) the proportional occurrence of ice-nucleation activity versus anti-freeze activity among sea-ice bacterial isolates and (iii) the temperature-dependent freezing rates of bacteria with ice-nucleation activity grown at a range of temperatures and salinities. The compound(s) responsible for the observed activity will be identified, which is an essential step towards the development of an in-situ bacterial ice-nucleation detection assay that can be applied in the field to Antarctic water and cloud samples. One of the goals of this work is to better understand survival and cold adaptation processes of polar marine bacteria confronted with freezing conditions in sea ice. Since sea ice strongly impacts polar, as well as the global climates, this research is of significant interest because it will also provide data for accessing the importance of bacterial ice nucleation in the formation of sea ice. These measurements of ice-nucleation rates will be the first high-resolution measurements for psychrophilic marine bacteria. Another goal is to better understand the impact of bacterial ice initiation processes in polar clouds by making high-resolution measurements of nucleation rates for cloud bacteria found over Arctic and Antarctic regions. Initial measurements indicate these bacteria nucleate ice at warmer temperatures and the effect in polar regions may be quite important, since ice can strongly impact cloud dynamics, cloud radiative properties, precipitation formation, and cloud chemistry. If these initial measurements are confirmed, the data collected here will be important for improving the understanding of polar cloud processes and models. A third goal is to better understand the molecular basis of marine bacterial ice nucleation by characterizing the ice-nucleation compound and comparing it with those of known plant-derived ice-nucleating bacteria, which are the only ice-nucleating bacteria examined in detail to date. The proposed activity will support the beginning academic career of a post-doctoral researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects. Results from this research will be widely published in various scientific journals and outreach venues. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Aging in Weddell Seals: Proximate Mechanisms of Age-Related Changes in Adaptations to Breath-Hold Hunting in an Extreme Environment
|
0649609 |
2010-01-01 | Horning, Markus |
Collaborative Research: Aging in Weddell Seals: Proximate Mechanisms of Age-Related Changes in Adaptations to Breath-Hold Hunting in an Extreme Environment |
The primary objectives of this research are to investigate the proximate effects of aging on diving capability in the Weddell Seal and to describe mechanisms by which aging may influence foraging ecology, through physiology and behavior. This model pinniped species has been the focus of three decades of research in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Compared to the knowledge of pinniped diving physiology and ecology during early development and young adulthood, little is known about individuals nearing the upper limit of their normal reproductive age range. Evolutionary aging theories predict that elderly diving seals should exhibit senescence. This should be exacerbated by surges in the generation of oxygen free radicals via hypoxia-reoxygenation during breath-hold diving and hunting, which are implicated in age-related damage to cellular mitochondria. Surprisingly, limited observations of non-threatened pinniped populations indicate that senescence does not occur to a level where reproductive output is affected. The ability of pinnipeds to avoid apparent senescence raises two major questions: what specific physiological and morphological changes occur with advancing age in pinnipeds; and what subtle adjustments are made by these animals to cope with such changes? This investigation will focus on specific, functional physiological and behavioral changes relating to dive capability with advancing age. Data will be compared between Weddell seals in the peak, and near the end, of their reproductive age range. The investigators will quantify age-related changes in general health and body condition, combined with fine scale assessments of external and internal ability to do work in the form of diving. Specifically, patterns of muscle morphology, oxidant status and oxygen storage with age will be examined. The effects of age on skeletal muscular function and exercise performance will also be examined. The investigators hypothesize that senescence does occur in Weddell seals at the level of small-scale, proximate physiological effects and performance, but that behavioral plasticity allows for a given degree of compensation. Broader impacts include the training of students and outreach activities including interviews and articles written for the popular media. This study should also establish diving seals as a novel model for the study of cardiovascular and muscular physiology of aging and develop a foundation for similar research on other species. Advancement of the understanding of aging by medical science has been impressive in recent years but basic mammalian aging is an area of study the still requires considerable effort. The development of new models for the study of aging has tremendous potential benefits to society at large. | ["POLYGON((165.975 -77.54,166.0631 -77.54,166.1512 -77.54,166.2393 -77.54,166.3274 -77.54,166.4155 -77.54,166.5036 -77.54,166.5917 -77.54,166.6798 -77.54,166.7679 -77.54,166.856 -77.54,166.856 -77.5709,166.856 -77.6018,166.856 -77.6327,166.856 -77.6636,166.856 -77.6945,166.856 -77.7254,166.856 -77.7563,166.856 -77.7872,166.856 -77.8181,166.856 -77.849,166.7679 -77.849,166.6798 -77.849,166.5917 -77.849,166.5036 -77.849,166.4155 -77.849,166.3274 -77.849,166.2393 -77.849,166.1512 -77.849,166.0631 -77.849,165.975 -77.849,165.975 -77.8181,165.975 -77.7872,165.975 -77.7563,165.975 -77.7254,165.975 -77.6945,165.975 -77.6636,165.975 -77.6327,165.975 -77.6018,165.975 -77.5709,165.975 -77.54))"] | ["POINT(166.4155 -77.6945)"] | false | false |
Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean
|
0636730 |
2010-01-01 | Vernet, Maria |
Collaborative Reseach: Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean. |
Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children's books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website. | ["POLYGON((-55 -52,-53.5 -52,-52 -52,-50.5 -52,-49 -52,-47.5 -52,-46 -52,-44.5 -52,-43 -52,-41.5 -52,-40 -52,-40 -53.3,-40 -54.6,-40 -55.9,-40 -57.2,-40 -58.5,-40 -59.8,-40 -61.1,-40 -62.4,-40 -63.7,-40 -65,-41.5 -65,-43 -65,-44.5 -65,-46 -65,-47.5 -65,-49 -65,-50.5 -65,-52 -65,-53.5 -65,-55 -65,-55 -63.7,-55 -62.4,-55 -61.1,-55 -59.8,-55 -58.5,-55 -57.2,-55 -55.9,-55 -54.6,-55 -53.3,-55 -52))"] | ["POINT(-47.5 -58.5)"] | false | false |
Free-Drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean
|
0636723 |
2010-01-01 | Helly, John |
Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean |
Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children's books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website. | ["POLYGON((-55 -52,-53.5 -52,-52 -52,-50.5 -52,-49 -52,-47.5 -52,-46 -52,-44.5 -52,-43 -52,-41.5 -52,-40 -52,-40 -53.3,-40 -54.6,-40 -55.9,-40 -57.2,-40 -58.5,-40 -59.8,-40 -61.1,-40 -62.4,-40 -63.7,-40 -65,-41.5 -65,-43 -65,-44.5 -65,-46 -65,-47.5 -65,-49 -65,-50.5 -65,-52 -65,-53.5 -65,-55 -65,-55 -63.7,-55 -62.4,-55 -61.1,-55 -59.8,-55 -58.5,-55 -57.2,-55 -55.9,-55 -54.6,-55 -53.3,-55 -52))"] | ["POINT(-47.5 -58.5)"] | false | false |
Leopard Seal counts 1997-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science
|
0439759 |
2009-05-19 | Ballard, Grant |
COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels |
This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. | ["POINT(166 -77)"] | ["POINT(166 -77)"] | false | false |
Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes
|
0436190 |
2009-01-01 | Eastman, Joseph |
Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes |
Patterns of biodiversity, as revealed by basic research in organismal biology, may be derived from ecological and evolutionary processes expressed in unique settings, such as Antarctica. The polar regions and their faunas are commanding increased attention as declining species diversity, environmental change, commercial fisheries, and resource management are now being viewed in a global context. Commercial fishing is known to have a direct and pervasive effect on marine biodiversity, and occurs in the Southern Ocean as far south as the Ross Sea. The nature of fish biodiversity in the Antarctic is different than in all other ocean shelf areas. Waters of the Antarctic continental shelf are ice covered for most of the year and water temperatures are nearly constant at -1.5 C. In these waters components of the phyletically derived Antarctic clade of Notothenioids dominate fish diversity. In some regions, including the southwestern Ross Sea, Notothenioids are overwhelmingly dominant in terms of number of species, abundance, and biomass. Such dominance by a single taxonomic group is unique among shelf faunas of the world. In the absence of competition from a taxonomically diverse fauna, Notothenioids underwent a habitat or depth related diversification keyed to the utilization of unfilled niches in the water column, especially pelagic or partially pelagic zooplanktivory and piscivory. This has been accomplished in the absence of a swim bladder for buoyancy control. They also may form a special type of adaptive radiation known as a species flock, which is an assemblage of a disproportionately high number of related species that have evolved rapidly within a defined area where most species are endemic. Diversification in buoyancy is the hallmark of the notothenioid radiation. Buoyancy is the feature of notothenioid biology that determines whether a species lives on the substrate, in the water column or both. Buoyancy also influences other key aspects of life history including swimming, feeding and reproduction and thus has implications for the role of the species in the ecosystem. With similarities to classic evolutionary hot spots, the Antarctic shelf and its Notothenioid radiation merit further exploration. The 2004 'International Collaborative Expedition to collect and study Fish Indigenous to Sub-Antarctic Habitats,' or, 'ICEFISH,' provided a platform for collection of notothenioid fishes from sub-Antarctic waters between South America and Africa, which will be examined in this project. This study will determine buoyancy for samples of all notothenioid species captured during the ICEFISH cruise. This essential aspect of the biology is known for only 19% of the notothenioid fauna. Also, the gross and microscopic anatomy of brains and sense organs of the phyletically basal families Bovichtidae, Eleginopidae, and of the non-Antarctic species of the primarily Antarctic family Nototheniidae will be examined. The fish biodiversity and endemicity in poorly known localities along the ICEFISH cruise track, seamounts and deep trenches will be quantified. Broader impacts include improved information for comprehending and conserving biodiversity, a scientific and societal priority. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis
|
0437887 |
2009-01-01 | Sidell, Bruce |
Collaborative Research: Differential Expression of Oxygen-binding Proteins in Antarctic Fishes Affects Nitric Oxide-mediated Pathways of Angiogenesis and Mitochondrial Biogenesis. |
The polar ocean presently surrounding Antarctica is the coldest, most thermally stable marine environment on earth. Because oxygen solubility in seawater is inversely proportional to temperature, the cold Antarctic seas are an exceptionally oxygen-rich aquatic habitat. Eight families of a single perciform suborder, the Notothenioidei, dominate the present fish fauna surrounding Antarctica. Notothenioids account for approximately 35% of fish species and 90% of fish biomass south of the Antarctic Polar Front. Radiation of closely related notothenioid species thus has occurred rapidly and under a very unusual set of conditions: relative oceanographic isolation from other faunas due to circumpolar currents and deep ocean trenches surrounding the continent, chronically, severely cold water temperatures, very high oxygen availability, very low levels of niche competition in a Southern Ocean depauperate of species subsequent to a dramatic crash in species diversity of fishes that occurred sometime between the mid-Tertiary and present. These features make Antarctic notothenioid fishes an uniquely attractive group for the study of physiological and biochemical adaptations to cold body temperature. Few distinctive features of Antarctic fishes are as unique as the pattern of expression of oxygen-binding proteins in one notothenioid family, the Channichthyidae (Antarctic icefishes). All channichthyid icefishes lack the circulating oxygen-binding protein, hemoglobin (Hb); the intracellular oxygen-binding protein, myoglobin (Mb) is not uniformly expressed in species of this family. Both proteins are normally considered essential for adequate delivery of oxygen to aerobically poised tissues of animals. To compensate for the absence of Hb, icefishes have developed large hearts, rapidly circulate a large blood volume and possess elaborate vasculature of larger lumenal diameter than is seen in red-blooded fishes. Loss of Mb expression in oxidative muscles correlates with dramatic elevation in density of mitochondria within the cell, although each individual organelle is less densely packed with respiratory proteins. Within the framework of oxygen movement, the adaptive significance of greater vascular density and mitochondrial populations is understandable but mechanisms underlying development of these characteristics remain unknown. The answer may lie in another major function of both Hb and Mb, degradation of the ubiquitous bioactive compound, nitric oxide (NO). The research will test the hypothesis that loss of hemoprotein expression in icefishes has resulted in an increase in levels of NO that mediate modification of vascular systems and expansion of mitochondrial populations in oxidative tissues. The objectives of the proposal are to quantify the vascular density of retinas in +Hb and -Hb notothenioid species, to characterize NOS isoforms and catalytic activity in retina and cardiac muscle of Antarctic notothenioid fishes, to evaluate level of expression of downstream factors implicat ed in angiogenesis (in retinal tissue) and mitochondrial biogenesis (in cardiac muscle), and to determine whether inhibition of NOS in vivo results in regression of angiogenic and mitochondrial biogenic responses in icefishes. Broader impacts range from basic biology, through training of young scientists, to enhanced understanding of clinically relevant biomedical processes. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Environmental and Ecological Regulation of Differences and Interactions between Solitary and Colonial Forms of Phaeocystis Antarctica
|
0440478 |
2009-01-01 | Smith, Walker; Tang, Kam |
Environmental and Ecological Regulation of Differences and Interactions between Solitary and Colonial forms of Phaeocystis antarctica |
Phaeocystis Antarctica is a widely distributed phytoplankton that forms dense blooms and aggregates in the Southern Ocean. This phytoplankton and plays important roles in polar ecology and biogeochemistry, in part because it is a dominant primary producer, a main component of organic matter vertical fluxes, and the principal producer of volatile organic sulfur in the region. Yet P. Antarctica is also one of the lesser known species in terms of its physiology, life history and trophic relationships with other organisms; furthermore, information collected on other Phaeocystis species and from different locations may not be applicable to P. Antarctica in the Ross Sea. P. Antarctica occurs mainly as two morphotypes: solitary cells and mucilaginous colonies, which differ significantly in size, architecture and chemical composition. Relative dominance between solitary cells and colonies determines not only the size spectrum of the population, but also its carbon dynamics, nutrient uptake and utilization. Conventional thinking of the planktonic trophic processes is also challenged by the fact that colony formation could effectively alter the predator-prey interactions and interspecific competition. However, the factors that regulate the differences between solitary and colonial forms of P. Antarctica are not well-understood. The research objective of this proposal is therefore to address these over-arching questions: 1. Do P. Antarctica solitary cells and colonies differ in growth, composition and photosynthetic rates? 2. How do nutrients and grazers affect colony development and size distribution of P. Antarctica? 3. How do nutrients and grazers act synergistically to affect the long-term population dynamics of P. Antarctica? Experiments will be conducted in the McMurdo station with natural P. Antarctica assemblages and co-occurring grazers. Laboratory experiments will be conducted to study size-specific growth and photosynthetic rates of P. Antarctica, size-specific grazing mortality due to microzooplankton and mesozooplankton, the effects of macronutrients on the (nitrogen compounds) relative dominance of solitary cells and colonies, and the effects of micronutrient (Fe) and grazing related chemical signals on P. Antarctica colony development. Because this species is of critical importance in the Southern Ocean, and because this research will provide critical information on factors that regulate the role of P.Antarctica in food webs and biogeochemical cycles, a major gap in knowledge will be addressed. This project will train two marine science Ph.D. students. The investigators will also collaborate with the School of Education and a marine science museum to communicate polar science to a broader audience. | ["POINT(166.66267 -77.85067)"] | ["POINT(166.66267 -77.85067)"] | false | false |
Occupation History and Diet of Adelie Penguins in the Ross Sea Region
|
0125098 |
2009-01-01 | Emslie, Steven |
Occupation History and Diet of Adelie Penguins in the Ross Sea Region |
This project will build on previous studies to investigate the occupation history and diet of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adeliae) in the Ross Sea region, Antarctica, with excavations of abandoned and active penguin colonies. Numerous active and abandoned colonies exist on the Victoria Land coast, from Cape Adare to Marble Point will be sampled. Some of these sites have been radiocarbon-dated and indicate a long occupation history for Adelie penguins extending to 13,000 years before present (B. P.). The material recovered from excavations, as demonstrated from previous investigations, will include penguin bones, tissue, and eggshell fragments as well as abundant remains of prey (fish bones, otoliths, squid beaks) preserved in ornithogenic (formed from bird guano) soils. These organic remains will be quantified and subjected to radiocarbon analyses to obtain a colonization history of penguins in this region. Identification of prey remains in the sediments will allow assessment of penguin diet. Other data (ancient DNA) from these sites will be analyzed through collaboration with New Zealand scientists. Past climatic conditions will be interpreted from published ice-core and marine-sediment records. These data will be used to test the hypothesis that Adelie penguins respond to climate change, past and present, in a predictable manner. In addition, the hypothesis that Adelie penguins alter their diet in accordance with climate, sea-ice conditions, and other marine environmental variables along a latitudinal gradient will be tested. Graduate and undergraduate students will be involved in this project and a project Web site will be developed to report results and maintain educational interaction between the PI and students at local middle and high schools in Wilmington, NC. | ["POLYGON((-50 -60,-29 -60,-8 -60,13 -60,34 -60,55 -60,76 -60,97 -60,118 -60,139 -60,160 -60,160 -63,160 -66,160 -69,160 -72,160 -75,160 -78,160 -81,160 -84,160 -87,160 -90,139 -90,118 -90,97 -90,76 -90,55 -90,34 -90,13 -90,-8 -90,-29 -90,-50 -90,-50 -87,-50 -84,-50 -81,-50 -78,-50 -75,-50 -72,-50 -69,-50 -66,-50 -63,-50 -60))"] | ["POINT(55 -75)"] | false | false |
The Aerobic Dive Limit: Oxygen Transport and Depletion in Emperor Penguins
|
0538594 |
2009-01-01 | Ponganis, Paul |
The Aerobic Dive Limit: Oxygen Transport and Depletion in Emperor Penguins |
The research will examine blood and muscle oxygen store depletion in relation to the documented aerobic dive limit (ADL, onset of post-dive blood lactate accumulation) in diving of emperor penguins. The intellectual merits of this proposal involve its evaluation of the physiological basis of the ADL concept. The ADL is probably the most commonly-used, but rarely measured, factor to interpret and model the behavior and foraging ecology of diving animals. Based on prior studies, and on recent investigations of respiratory and blood oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins, it is hypothesized that the ADL is a result of the depletion of myoglobin (Mb)-bound oxygen and increased glycolysis in the primary locomotory muscles. This project will accurately define the physiological mechanisms underlying the ADL through 1) evaluation of the rate and magnitude of muscle oxygen depletion during dives in relation to the previously measured ADL, 2) characterization of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve in blood of emperor penguins and comparison of that curve to those of other diving and non-diving species, 3) application of the emperor hemoglogin-oxygen dissociation curve to previously collected oxygen and hemoglobin data in order to estimate the rate and magnitude of blood oxygen depletion during dives, and 4) measurement of muscle phosphoocreatine and glycogen concentrations in order to estimate their potential contributions to muscle energy metabolism during diving. The project also continues the census and monitoring of the emperor colonies in the Ross Sea, which is especially important in light of both fisheries activity and the movement of iceberg B15-A. Broader impacts of the project include: 1) technological development of microprocessor-based, 'backpack' near-infrared spectrophotometer, which will be applicable not only to other species, but also to other fields (i.e., exercise physiology), 2) collaboration with the Department of Anesthesia at the U.S. Naval Hospital in San Diego in the training of anesthesia residents in research techniques, 3) the training and thesis research of two graduate students in these techniques and in Antarctic field research, and 4) a better understanding of the ADL concept and its use in the fields of diving behavior and physiology. In addition the annual census of emperor penguin colonies in the Ross Sea, in conjunction with the continued evaluation of previously developed remote cameras to monitor colony status, will form the basis of a new educational web site, and allow development of an educational outreach program to school children through SeaWorld of San Diego. | ["POLYGON((165.983 -77.683,166.0164 -77.683,166.0498 -77.683,166.0832 -77.683,166.1166 -77.683,166.15 -77.683,166.1834 -77.683,166.2168 -77.683,166.2502 -77.683,166.2836 -77.683,166.317 -77.683,166.317 -77.6897,166.317 -77.6964,166.317 -77.7031,166.317 -77.7098,166.317 -77.7165,166.317 -77.7232,166.317 -77.7299,166.317 -77.7366,166.317 -77.7433,166.317 -77.75,166.2836 -77.75,166.2502 -77.75,166.2168 -77.75,166.1834 -77.75,166.15 -77.75,166.1166 -77.75,166.0832 -77.75,166.0498 -77.75,166.0164 -77.75,165.983 -77.75,165.983 -77.7433,165.983 -77.7366,165.983 -77.7299,165.983 -77.7232,165.983 -77.7165,165.983 -77.7098,165.983 -77.7031,165.983 -77.6964,165.983 -77.6897,165.983 -77.683))"] | ["POINT(166.15 -77.7165)"] | false | false |
The Molecular Signals that Regulate the Ontogeny of Aerobic Capacity, Lipid Metabolism and Elevated Myoglobin Concentrations in the Skeletal Muscles of Weddell Seals
|
0634682 |
2009-01-01 | Lyons, W. Berry; Kanatous, Shane |
The Molecular Signals that Regulate the Ontogeny of Aerobic Capacity, Lipid Metabolism and Elevated Myoglobin Concentrations in the Skeletal Muscles of Weddell Seals |
During the past three decades, intensive field studies have revealed much about the behavior, physiology, life history, and population dynamics of the Weddell seal (Leptonychotes weddelli) population of McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. These animals are marine predators that are highly adapted for an aquatic life in shore-fast and pack ice habitats. They must locate and capture sparsely distributed under the ice. Most of what is known about their diving behavior is based on studies of adult animals with little known about the development or the genetic controls of diving behavior of young animals. The goal of this project is to examine the temporal development of aerobic capacity, lipid metabolism and oxygen stores in the skeletal muscles of young Weddell seals and to determine which aspects of the cellular environment are important in the regulation of these adaptations during maturation. This project builds on past results to investigate the molecular controls that underlie the development of these adaptations. The first objective is to further characterize the ontogenetic changes in muscle aerobic capacity, lipid metabolism and myoglobin concentration and distribution using enzymatic, immuno-histochemical and myoglobin assays in newly weaned, subadult, and adult seals. The second objective is to determine the molecular controls that regulate these changes in aerobic capacity, fiber type distribution and myoglobin in skeletal muscles during maturation. Through subtractive hybridization and subsequent analysis, differences in mRNA populations in the swimming muscles of the different age classes of Weddell seals will be determined. These techniques will allow for the identification of the proteins and transcription factors that influence the ontogenetic changes in myoglobin concentration, fiber type distribution and aerobic capacity. These results will increase our understanding of both the ontogeny and molecular mechanisms by which young seals acquire the physiological capabilities to make deep (up to 700 m) and long aerobic dives (ca 20 min). This study will advance knowledge of the molecular regulation for the adaptations that enable active skeletal muscle to function under hypoxic conditions; this has a broader application for human medicine especially in regards to cardiac and pulmonary disease. Additional broader impacts include the participation of underrepresented scientists and a continuation of a website in collaboration with the Science Teachers Access to Resources at Southwestern University (STARS Program) which involves weekly updates about research efforts during the field season, weekly questions/answer session involving students and teachers, and updates on research results throughout the year. | ["POLYGON((160 -77,160.7 -77,161.4 -77,162.1 -77,162.8 -77,163.5 -77,164.2 -77,164.9 -77,165.6 -77,166.3 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.3 -78,165.6 -78,164.9 -78,164.2 -78,163.5 -78,162.8 -78,162.1 -78,161.4 -78,160.7 -78,160 -78,160 -77.9,160 -77.8,160 -77.7,160 -77.6,160 -77.5,160 -77.4,160 -77.3,160 -77.2,160 -77.1,160 -77))"] | ["POINT(163.5 -77.5)"] | false | false |
Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores
|
0739496 |
2009-01-01 | Furbish, David; Miller, Molly |
Collaborative Research: Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores |
This project answers a simple question: why are there so few fossils in sediment cores from Antarctica's continental shelf? Antarctica's benthos are as biologically rich as those of the tropics. Shell-secreting organisms should have left a trail throughout geologic time, but have not. This trail is particularly important because these organisms record regional climate in ways that are critical to interpreting the global climate record. This study uses field experiments and targeted observations of modern benthic systems to examine the biases inflicted by fossil preservation. By examining a spectrum of ice-affected habitats, this project provides paleoenvironmental insights into carbonate preservation, sedimentation rates, and burial processes; and will provide new approaches to reconstructing the Cenozoic history of Antarctica. Broader impacts include graduate and undergraduate research and education, development of undergraduate curricula to link art and science, K12 outreach, public outreach via the web, and societal relevance through improved understanding of records of global climate change. | ["POLYGON((163.41667 -77.33333,163.46667 -77.33333,163.51667 -77.33333,163.56667 -77.33333,163.61667 -77.33333,163.66667 -77.33333,163.71667 -77.33333,163.76667 -77.33333,163.81667 -77.33333,163.86667 -77.33333,163.91667 -77.33333,163.91667 -77.369997,163.91667 -77.406664,163.91667 -77.443331,163.91667 -77.479998,163.91667 -77.516665,163.91667 -77.553332,163.91667 -77.589999,163.91667 -77.626666,163.91667 -77.663333,163.91667 -77.7,163.86667 -77.7,163.81667 -77.7,163.76667 -77.7,163.71667 -77.7,163.66667 -77.7,163.61667 -77.7,163.56667 -77.7,163.51667 -77.7,163.46667 -77.7,163.41667 -77.7,163.41667 -77.663333,163.41667 -77.626666,163.41667 -77.589999,163.41667 -77.553332,163.41667 -77.516665,163.41667 -77.479998,163.41667 -77.443331,163.41667 -77.406664,163.41667 -77.369997,163.41667 -77.33333))"] | ["POINT(163.66667 -77.516665)"] | false | false |
Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores
|
0739512 |
2009-01-01 | Walker, Sally |
Collaborative Research: Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past |
This project answers a simple question: why are there so few fossils in sediment cores from Antarctica's continental shelf? Antarctica's benthos are as biologically rich as those of the tropics. Shell-secreting organisms should have left a trail throughout geologic time, but have not. This trail is particularly important because these organisms record regional climate in ways that are critical to interpreting the global climate record. This study uses field experiments and targeted observations of modern benthic systems to examine the biases inflicted by fossil preservation. By examining a spectrum of ice-affected habitats, this project provides paleoenvironmental insights into carbonate preservation, sedimentation rates, and burial processes; and will provide new approaches to reconstructing the Cenozoic history of Antarctica. Broader impacts include graduate and undergraduate research and education, development of undergraduate curricula to link art and science, K12 outreach, public outreach via the web, and societal relevance through improved understanding of records of global climate change. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Small Grants for Exploratory Research - Oceanographic Research in the Amundsen and Ross Seas
|
0741380 |
2009-01-01 | Smith, Walker |
Small Grants for Exploratory Research - Oceanographic Research in the Amundsen and Ross Seas: |
The research will examine the relative importance of the physical and chemical controls on phytoplankton dynamics and carbon flux in continental margin regions of the Southern Ocean, and elucidate mechanisms by which plankton populations and carbon export might be altered by climate change. We specifically will address (1) how the phytoplankton on the continental margins of the southern Ocean respond to spatial and temporal changes in temperature, light, iron supply, and carbon dioxide levels, (2) how these factors initiate changes in phytoplankton assemblage structure, and (3) how carbon export and the efficiency of the biological pump are impacted by the biomass and composition of the phytoplankton. Two regions of study (the Amundsen and Ross Seas) will be investigated, one well studied (Ross Sea) and one poorly described (Amundsen Sea). It is hypothesized that each region will have markedly different physical forcing, giving rise to distinct chemical conditions and therefore biological responses. As such, the comparison of the two may give us insights into the mechanisms of how Antarctic continental margins will respond under changing environmental conditions. Broader impacts include participation by an international graduate student from Brazil, outreach via seminars to the general public, collaboration with the teachers-in-residence on the cruise, development of a cruise web site and interactive email exchanges with local middle school students while at sea. | ["POLYGON((-160 -65,-154 -65,-148 -65,-142 -65,-136 -65,-130 -65,-124 -65,-118 -65,-112 -65,-106 -65,-100 -65,-100 -66.1,-100 -67.2,-100 -68.3,-100 -69.4,-100 -70.5,-100 -71.6,-100 -72.7,-100 -73.8,-100 -74.9,-100 -76,-106 -76,-112 -76,-118 -76,-124 -76,-130 -76,-136 -76,-142 -76,-148 -76,-154 -76,-160 -76,-160 -74.9,-160 -73.8,-160 -72.7,-160 -71.6,-160 -70.5,-160 -69.4,-160 -68.3,-160 -67.2,-160 -66.1,-160 -65))"] | ["POINT(-130 -70.5)"] | false | false |
SGER: Primary and Secondary Production and Carbon Flux Through the Microbial Community Along the Western Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone on the Oden Southern Ocean 2007 Expeditions
|
0742057 |
2009-01-01 | Dennett, Mark; Gallager, Scott |
SGER: Primary and Secondary Production and Carbon Flux Through the Microbial Community Along the Western Antarctic Marginal Ice Zone on the Oden Southern Ocean 2007 Expeditions |
The research will continue and extend the study in the Southern Ocean that was initiated during the Oden Southern Ocean 2006 expedition in collaboration with Swedish scientist Mellissa Chierici. We will quantify carbon flux through the food web in the marginal ice zone (MIZ) by measuring size fractionated primary and secondary production, grazing and carbon flux through nanoplankton (2-20 um), microplankton (20-200um), and mesoplankton (200-2000 um). Community structure, species abundance and size specific grazing rates will be quantified using a variety of techniques both underway and at ice stations along the MIZ. The proposed cruise track extends across the Drake Passage to the Western Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) with three station transects along a gradient from the open ocean through the marginal ice zone (MIZ) in the Bellinghausen and Amundsen Seas and into the Ross Sea Polynya. Ice stations along each transect will provide material to characterize production associated with annual ice. Underway measurements of primary and secondary production (chlorophyll, CDOM, microplankton, and mesoplankton) and hydrography (temperature, salinity, pH, DO, turbidity) will establish a baseline for future cruises and as support for other projects such as biogeochemical studies on carbon dioxide drawdown and trace metal work on primary production. The outcome of these measurements will be a description of nano to mesoplankton standing stocks, community structure, and carbon flux along the MIZ in the Bellinghausen and Amundsen Seas and the Ross Sea Polynya. | ["POLYGON((-168.291 -64.846,-165.018 -64.846,-161.745 -64.846,-158.472 -64.846,-155.199 -64.846,-151.926 -64.846,-148.653 -64.846,-145.38 -64.846,-142.107 -64.846,-138.834 -64.846,-135.561 -64.846,-135.561 -66.0269,-135.561 -67.2078,-135.561 -68.3887,-135.561 -69.5696,-135.561 -70.7505,-135.561 -71.9314,-135.561 -73.1123,-135.561 -74.2932,-135.561 -75.4741,-135.561 -76.655,-138.834 -76.655,-142.107 -76.655,-145.38 -76.655,-148.653 -76.655,-151.926 -76.655,-155.199 -76.655,-158.472 -76.655,-161.745 -76.655,-165.018 -76.655,-168.291 -76.655,-168.291 -75.4741,-168.291 -74.2932,-168.291 -73.1123,-168.291 -71.9314,-168.291 -70.7505,-168.291 -69.5696,-168.291 -68.3887,-168.291 -67.2078,-168.291 -66.0269,-168.291 -64.846))"] | ["POINT(-151.926 -70.7505)"] | false | false |
Iceberg Firn Temperatures, Antarctica
|
0229546 |
2008-11-28 | Thom, Jonathan; Sergienko, Olga; MacAyeal, Douglas |
Collaborative Research of Earth's Largest Icebergs |
Since November of 2005, 12 thermistors were planted in the upper 2.5 meters of the firn on iceberg C16, Antarctica. Temperature data are collected every 20 minutes and are transmitted via ARGOS satellite relay. Data are intended to provide a view of how firn temperatures change as an iceberg moves north into warmer climate. | ["POINT(168 -78)"] | ["POINT(168 -78)"] | false | false |
Iceberg Tiltmeter Measurements, Antarctica
|
0229546 |
2008-11-25 | Kim, Young-Jin; Bliss, Andrew; MacAyeal, Douglas |
Collaborative Research of Earth's Largest Icebergs |
Time series of tiltmeter observations (tilt about two horizontal axes in microradians) for a 34 day period on iceberg C16 while it was aground near Ross Island in late 2001 to early 2002. Data shows tilts associated with differential basal melting of the iceberg, tidal motion and short-term tilts induced by iceberg tremor phenomena triggered by collisions between B15A and C16. The sample rate was 5 seconds. Data are available in comma-delimited ASCII format. Data are available via FTP. | ["POINT(168 -77)"] | ["POINT(168 -77)"] | false | false |
Giant Icebergs of the Ross Sea, in situ Drift and Weather Measurements, Antarctica
|
0229546 |
2008-10-20 | Okal, Emile; Aster, Richard; Bassis, Jeremy; MacAyeal, Douglas |
Collaborative Research of Earth's Largest Icebergs |
During 2001-2006, 6 giant icebergs (B15A, B15J, B15K, C16 and C25) adrift in the southwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica, were instrumented with global positioning system (GPS) receivers, magnetic compasses and automatic weather stations (AWS), to monitor their behavior in the near-coastal environment and to record their exit into the Southern Ocean. The GPS and AWS data were collected on a 20-minute interval, Many of the station data timeseries are continuous for periods of up to 7 years, with icebergs C16 and B15J having the longest records. The data is considered useful for examining the processes of iceberg drift (and other behaviors) on time scales that are shorter than what is possible through satellite image iceberg tracking. Data are available in comma-delimited ASCII format and Matlab native mat files. | ["POLYGON((-178 -60,-149.2 -60,-120.4 -60,-91.6 -60,-62.8 -60,-34 -60,-5.2 -60,23.6 -60,52.4 -60,81.2 -60,110 -60,110 -61.8,110 -63.6,110 -65.4,110 -67.2,110 -69,110 -70.8,110 -72.6,110 -74.4,110 -76.2,110 -78,81.2 -78,52.4 -78,23.6 -78,-5.2 -78,-34 -78,-62.8 -78,-91.6 -78,-120.4 -78,-149.2 -78,-178 -78,-178 -76.2,-178 -74.4,-178 -72.6,-178 -70.8,-178 -69,-178 -67.2,-178 -65.4,-178 -63.6,-178 -61.8,-178 -60))"] | ["POINT(-34 -69)"] | false | false |
Iceberg Harmonic Tremor, Seismometer Data, Antarctica
|
0229546 |
2008-10-01 | Okal, Emile; Aster, Richard; Bassis, Jeremy; MacAyeal, Douglas |
Collaborative Research of Earth's Largest Icebergs |
Seismometers were placed on a 25 km by 50 km iceberg called C16 in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, to identify the Iceberg harmonic Tremor (IHT) source mechanism and to understand the relevance of IHT to iceberg calving, drift and break-up. The seismic observations reveal that the IHT signal consists of extended episodes of stick-slip icequakes (typically thousands per hour) generated when the ice-cliff edges of two tabular icebergs rub together during glancing, strike/slip type iceberg collisions (e.g., between C16 and B15A). With the source mechanism revealed, IHT may provide a promising signal useful for the study of iceberg behavior and iceberg-related processes such as climate-induced ice-shelf disintegration. Here, a single day of seismometer data for a single station on iceberg C16 is provided as an example of "a day in the life of an iceberg" for use by scientists and students wishing to know more about IHT. The station data is from C16 "B" site on C16's northeast corner, and the day is 27 December, 2003, a day when B15A struck C16 and caused an episode of tremor that was particularly easy to identify and understand. This represents only a small fraction of the total data that exist for the seismic program on iceberg C16. The full data are archived at the IRIS data center (where seismic data is commonly archived). This one-day data set is to provide glaciologists with ready access to a good example of IHT that they can use for teaching and for demonstration purposes. Data are available in comma-delimited ASCII format and Matlab native mat files. Data are available via FTP. | ["POINT(168 -77)"] | ["POINT(168 -77)"] | false | false |
Marine Invertebrates of McMurdo Sound
|
0238281 |
2008-01-01 | Marsh, Adam G. |
CAREER: Genomic Networks for Cold-Adaptation in Embryos of Polar Marine Invertebrates |
Although we envision the coastal margins of Antarctica as an extreme environment challenging to the existence of life, there are many marine invertebrates that are adapted to live and thrive under the sea ice. For two field seasons, the SCUBA diving activities of this project routinely involved photographing these animals in all the dive locations as a way to document what we observed as the dominant organisms at each site. Ice diving is very strenuous for humans, and often the constraints of managing the work on a dive, monitoring air reserves, tracking proximity to the dive hole, and the 50 minute exposure to subfreezing temperatures limits a divers ability to "catalog" observations that are not essential to the current dive plan. The photographs archived here have provided the project's dive team with the ability to "debrief" following a dive and more or less reenact the dive by moving through the photograph images. Studying these images often served as a visual trigger for divers to recall more specific observations and in many cases details in the photographs were captured without the photographer (A. Marsh) realizing that they were there (such as small, cryptic species hiding in a shadow until the strobe light fires for the photo, illuminating these secondary subjects). These photographs are intended to serve as a record of what organisms we encountered in the McMurdo Sound area in 2004 and 2005. All photographs were taken with a Nikon D-70 in a polycarbonate underwater housing using either a 18 mm (wide) or 60 mm (macro) lens. | ["POLYGON((163 -77,163.4 -77,163.8 -77,164.2 -77,164.6 -77,165 -77,165.4 -77,165.8 -77,166.2 -77,166.6 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.6 -78,166.2 -78,165.8 -78,165.4 -78,165 -78,164.6 -78,164.2 -78,163.8 -78,163.4 -78,163 -78,163 -77.9,163 -77.8,163 -77.7,163 -77.6,163 -77.5,163 -77.4,163 -77.3,163 -77.2,163 -77.1,163 -77))"] | ["POINT(165 -77.5)"] | false | false |
Diving Physiology and Behavior of Emperor Penguins
|
0229638 |
2008-01-01 | Ponganis, Paul |
Diving Physiology and Behavior of Emperor Penguins |
The emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri, is the premier avian diver and a top predator in the Antarctic ecosystem. The routine occurrence of 500-m diver during foraging trips to sea is both a physiological and behavior enigma. The objectives of this project address how and why emperors dive as deep and long as they do. The project examines four major topics in the diving biology of emperor penguins: pressure tolerance, oxygen store management, end-organ tolerance of diving hypoxemia/ischemia, and deep-dive foraging behavior. These subjects are relevant to the role of the emperor as a top predator in the Antarctic ecosystem, and to critical concepts in diving physiology, including decompression sickness, nitrogen narcosis, shallow water blackout, hypoxemic tolerance, and extension of aerobic dive time. The following hypotheses will be tested: 1) Prevention of nitrogen narcosis and decompression sickness in emperor penguins is achieved by inhibition of pulmonary gas exchange at depth. 2) Shallow water black out does not occur because of greater cerebral hypoxemic tolerance, and, in deep dives, because of resumption of pulmonary gas exchange during final ascent. 3) The rate of depletion of the blood oxygen store is a function of depth of dive and heart rate. 4) The aerobic dive limit (ADL) reflects the onset of lactate accumulation in locomotory muscle, not total depletion of all oxygen stores. 5) Elevation of tissue antioxidant capacity and free-radical scavenging enzyme activities protect against the routine ischemia/reperfusion which occur during diving. 6) During deep dives, the Antarctic silverfish, Pleuorogramma antarcticum, is the primary prey item for emperors. In addition to evaluation of the hypotheses below, the project has broader impacts in several areas such as partnership with foreign and national institutes and organizations (e.g., the National Institute of Polar Research of Japan, Centro de Investigacioines del Noroeste of Mexico, National Geographic, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Sea World). Participation in National Geographic television documentaries will provide unique educational opportunities for the general public; development of state-of-the-art technology (e.g., blood oxygen electrode recorders, blood samplers, and miniaturized digital cameras) will lay the groundwork for future research by this group and others; and the effects of the B15 iceberg on breeding success of emperor penguins will continue to be evaluated with population censuses during planned fieldwork at several Ross Sea emperor penguin colonies. | ["POLYGON((163 -77,163.4 -77,163.8 -77,164.2 -77,164.6 -77,165 -77,165.4 -77,165.8 -77,166.2 -77,166.6 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.6 -78,166.2 -78,165.8 -78,165.4 -78,165 -78,164.6 -78,164.2 -78,163.8 -78,163.4 -78,163 -78,163 -77.9,163 -77.8,163 -77.7,163 -77.6,163 -77.5,163 -77.4,163 -77.3,163 -77.2,163 -77.1,163 -77))"] | ["POINT(165 -77.5)"] | false | false |
Interactive Effects of UV Radiation and Vertical Mixing on Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity of Ross Sea Phaeocystis Blooms
|
0127022 |
2008-01-01 | Jeffrey, Wade H. |
Collaborative Proposal: Interactive Effects of UV Radiation and Vertical Mixing on Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity of Ross See Phaeocystis Blooms |
Data from five research cruises from OPP grant entitled "Interactive Effects of UV and Vertical Mixing on Phytoplankton and Bacterial Productivity of Ross Sea Phaeocystis Bloom (OPP0127022). The first two cruises were ships of opportunity cruises in the Pacific Ocean, the first collecting data between Valapariso, Chile and San Diego, CA (October 2002). The second and third cruises combined to provide data in a transect from 70 N to 68 S latitude in the Pacific ocean (August - November 2003). The remaining two cruises were to the Ross Sea, the first in December 2004 - January 2005 and the last from October - November 2005. Data presented include microbial biomass (bacterial direct counts) and chlorophyll a concentrations, bacterial production (as leucine or thymidine incorporation), solar irradiance data, CTD profiles, and one set of under water diffuse attenuation coefficients of for the Ross Sea. | ["POLYGON((167 -74.4,168.36 -74.4,169.72 -74.4,171.08 -74.4,172.44 -74.4,173.8 -74.4,175.16 -74.4,176.52 -74.4,177.88 -74.4,179.24 -74.4,180.6 -74.4,180.6 -74.735,180.6 -75.07,180.6 -75.405,180.6 -75.74,180.6 -76.075,180.6 -76.41,180.6 -76.745,180.6 -77.08,180.6 -77.415,180.6 -77.75,179.24 -77.75,177.88 -77.75,176.52 -77.75,175.16 -77.75,173.8 -77.75,172.44 -77.75,171.08 -77.75,169.72 -77.75,168.36 -77.75,167 -77.75,167 -77.415,167 -77.08,167 -76.745,167 -76.41,167 -76.075,167 -75.74,167 -75.405,167 -75.07,167 -74.735,167 -74.4))", "POLYGON((159.8 -43.3,161.8 -43.3,163.8 -43.3,165.8 -43.3,167.8 -43.3,169.8 -43.3,171.8 -43.3,173.8 -43.3,175.8 -43.3,177.8 -43.3,179.8 -43.3,179.8 -45.65,179.8 -48,179.8 -50.35,179.8 -52.7,179.8 -55.05,179.8 -57.4,179.8 -59.75,179.8 -62.1,179.8 -64.45,179.8 -66.8,177.8 -66.8,175.8 -66.8,173.8 -66.8,171.8 -66.8,169.8 -66.8,167.8 -66.8,165.8 -66.8,163.8 -66.8,161.8 -66.8,159.8 -66.8,159.8 -64.45,159.8 -62.1,159.8 -59.75,159.8 -57.4,159.8 -55.05,159.8 -52.7,159.8 -50.35,159.8 -48,159.8 -45.65,159.8 -43.3))"] | ["POINT(173.8 -76.075)", "POINT(169.8 -55.05)"] | false | false |