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Dataset Title/Abstract/Map	NSF Award(s)	Date Created	PIs / Scientists	Project Links	Abstract	Geometry
South Pole ice core total air content	1443464	2019-12-11	Sowers, Todd A.	Collaborative Research: Inert Gas and Methane Based Climate Records throughout the South Pole Deep Ice Core	The total air content in ice core samples are a fundamental indication of the multitude of processes that impact densification of snow in polar regions. In addition, variations in the elevation of the ice sheet directly control the pressure in the bubble close off region and thereby the total gas content. Attempts to remove the physical factors (temperature, accumulation rate, dust content, seasonality) impacting the total air content could provide a means of assessing variations in the elevation of the South Pole over the last 50,000 years.	["POINT(0 -90)"]
Updated (2017) bubble number-density, size, shape, and modeled paleoclimate data	0539578 1043528	2019-11-12	Fegyveresi, John; Alley, Richard; Spencer, Matthew; Fitzpatrick, Joan; Voigt, Donald E.	Collaborative Research: Continued Study of Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core	This data set includes the fully updated (2017) bubble number-density measured at depths from 120 meters down to 1600 meters at 20-meter intervals in both horizontal and vertical samples. The data set also includes modeled temperature reconstructions based on the model developed by Spencer and others (2006) and Fegyveresi and others (2011). Data also includes tabs for bubble size and shape data.	["POINT(-112.3 -79.43333333)"]
Laser Dust Logging of the South Pole Ice Core (SPICE)	1443566	2019-11-03	Bay, Ryan	Laser Dust Logging of a South Pole Ice Core	We deployed an oriented laser dust logger in the SPICEcore borehole in order to study the particulate stratigraphy, volcanology, glaciology and climatology of South Pole. We obtained a detailed record of dust and ash, SPICEcore age versus depth, and measurements of the optical anisotropy indicated by IceCube analyses.	["POINT(0 -90)"]
South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) SPC14 Core Quality Versus Depth	1141839 1142646 1142517	2019-10-30	Souney, Joseph Jr.; Twickler, Mark; Fegyveresi, John; Casey, Kimberly A.; Aydin, Murat; Steig, Eric J.; Nunn, Richard; Hargreaves, Geoff; Fudge, T. J.; Nicewonger, Melinda R.; Kahle, Emma	Collaborative Research: A 1500m Ice Core from South Pole	Qualitative assessment of ice-core quality versus depth for the South Pole ice core SPC14. The depths and core quality ratings presented here are from the field observations made at South Pole, Antarctica, during the course of the drilling of the ice core and also from the lab observations at the NSF-Ice Core Facility in Lakewood, Colorado. Depths are in meters. Core quality ratings were defined are as follows. Excellent: 0–1 breaks/no fractures; Very Good: 0–2 breaks/90% no fractures; Good: 0–3 breaks/50% no fractures; Fair: >10 cm without fractures; Poor: >10 cm without through fractures; Very Poor: <10 cm without through fractures.	["POINT(90 -90)"]
Last Interglacial Mean Ocean Temperature	1245659 1245821 1246148	2019-10-18	Shackleton, Sarah	Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive	Noble gas data from Taylor Glacier and EPICA Dome C (EDC) for mean ocean temperature reconstruction during the Last Interglacial. Also includes trace gas measurements of d18Oatm, CO2, and CH4 from Taylor Glacier from chronology construction.	["POLYGON((123.3 -75.1,127.138 -75.1,130.976 -75.1,134.814 -75.1,138.652 -75.1,142.49 -75.1,146.328 -75.1,150.166 -75.1,154.004 -75.1,157.842 -75.1,161.68 -75.1,161.68 -75.367,161.68 -75.634,161.68 -75.901,161.68 -76.168,161.68 -76.435,161.68 -76.702,161.68 -76.969,161.68 -77.236,161.68 -77.503,161.68 -77.77,157.842 -77.77,154.004 -77.77,150.166 -77.77,146.328 -77.77,142.49 -77.77,138.652 -77.77,134.814 -77.77,130.976 -77.77,127.138 -77.77,123.3 -77.77,123.3 -77.503,123.3 -77.236,123.3 -76.969,123.3 -76.702,123.3 -76.435,123.3 -76.168,123.3 -75.901,123.3 -75.634,123.3 -75.367,123.3 -75.1))"]
Pirrit Hills subglacial bedrock core RB-2, cosmogenic Be-10, Al-26 data	1341728	2019-10-09	Stone, John	EXPROBE-WAIS: Exposed Rock Beneath the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, A Test for Interglacial Ice Sheet Collapse	This data set contains measurements of cosmic-ray-produced Be-10 and Al-26 in quartz from the RB-2 core, recovered from bedrock at a depth of 150 m below the West Antarctic Ice Sheet surface in the Pirrit Hills. The core site is located at latitude S81.09948, longitude W85.15694. Core length is approximately 8 meters. Lithology is A-type granite, similar in composition to bedrock exposed on nearby Harter Nunatak and other mountains in the Pirrit Hills (Lee et al. Geosci. J. 16, 421-433). Samples were processed at the University of Washington Cosmogenic Nuclide Laboratory. Chemical processing and purification methods are described at http://depts.washington.edu/cosmolab/chem.shtml. Beryllium isotope ratios were measured at the Lawrence Livermore Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (LLNL-CAMS) relative to the KNSTD-Be-01-5-4 standard, assuming a standard Be-10/Be-9 ratio of 2.851E-12 (07KNSTD normalization). Aluminum isotope ratios were measured at PRIME Lab, Purdue University, relative to the KNSTD-Al-01-5-2 standard, assuming a standard Al-26/Al-27 ratio of 1.818E-12 (KNSTD normalization). Uncertainties are 1-sigma and include full AMS errors and all known sources of laboratory uncertainty.	["POLYGON((-86.3 -81,-86.17 -81,-86.04 -81,-85.91 -81,-85.78 -81,-85.65 -81,-85.52 -81,-85.39 -81,-85.26 -81,-85.13 -81,-85 -81,-85 -81.03,-85 -81.06,-85 -81.09,-85 -81.12,-85 -81.15,-85 -81.18,-85 -81.21,-85 -81.24,-85 -81.27,-85 -81.3,-85.13 -81.3,-85.26 -81.3,-85.39 -81.3,-85.52 -81.3,-85.65 -81.3,-85.78 -81.3,-85.91 -81.3,-86.04 -81.3,-86.17 -81.3,-86.3 -81.3,-86.3 -81.27,-86.3 -81.24,-86.3 -81.21,-86.3 -81.18,-86.3 -81.15,-86.3 -81.12,-86.3 -81.09,-86.3 -81.06,-86.3 -81.03,-86.3 -81))"]
The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) chronology and supporting data	1443336	2019-08-29	Winski, Dominic A.; Fudge, T. J.; Iverson, Nels A.; Dunbar, Nelia; Buizert, Christo; Bay, Ryan; Souney, Joseph Jr.; Sigl, Michael; Osterberg, Erich C.; McConnell, Joseph; Fegyveresi, John; Cole-Dai, Jihong; Jones, Tyler; Thundercloud, Zayta; Cox, Thomas S.; Kreutz, Karl; Epifanio, Jenna; Ortman, Nikolas; Brook, Edward J.; Beaudette, Ross; Severinghaus, Jeffrey; Sowers, Todd A.; Steig, Eric J.; Morris, Valerie; Kahle, Emma; Ferris, David G.; Aydin, Murat; Nicewonger, Melinda R.; Casey, Kimberly A.; Alley, Richard; Waddington, Edwin D.	Collaborative Research: South Pole Ice Core Chronology and Climate Records using Chemical and Microparticle Measurements	The South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) was drilled in 2014-2016 to provide a detailed multi-proxy archive of paleoclimate conditions in East Antarctica during the Holocene and late Pleistocene. Interpretation of these records requires an accurate depth-age relationship. Here, we present the SP19 timescale for the age of the ice of SPICEcore. SP19 is synchronized to the WD2014 chronology from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS Divide) ice core using stratigraphic matching of 251 volcanic events. These events indicate an age of 54,302 +/- 519 years BP (before the year 1950) at the bottom of SPICEcore. Annual layers identified in sodium and magnesium ions to 11,341 BP were used to interpolate between stratigraphic volcanic tie points, yielding an annually-resolved chronology through the Holocene. Estimated timescale uncertainty during the Holocene is less than 18 years relative to WD2014, with the exception of the interval between 1800 to 3100 BP when uncertainty estimates reach +/- 25 years due to widely spaced volcanic tie points. Prior to the Holocene, uncertainties remain within 124 years relative to WD2014. Results show an average Holocene accumulation rate of 7.4 cm/yr (water equivalent). The time variability of accumulation rate is consistent with expectations for steady-state ice flow through the modern spatial pattern of accumulation rate. Time variations in nitrate concentration, nitrate seasonal amplitude, and δ15N of N2 in turn are as expected for the accumulation-rate variations. The highly variable yet well-constrained Holocene accumulation history at the site can help improve scientific understanding of deposition-sensitive climate proxies such as δ15N of N2 and photolyzed chemical compounds.	["POINT(-180 -90)"]
Carbon dioxide concentration and its stable carbon isotope composition in Allan Hills ice cores	1443263	2019-08-14	Yan, Yuzhen; Bender, Michael; Brook, Edward J.; Higgins, John	Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area	This file includes the concentration of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) and the stable carbon isotope composition of CO2 in Allan Hills ice cores (ALHIC1502 and ALHIC1503).	["POINT(159.35507 -76.73286)"]
Gas and Dust Measurements for Taylor Glacier and Taylor Dome Ice Cores	1245821 1245659 1246148	2019-08-12	Menking, James; Brook, Edward J.; Marcott, Shaun; Barker, Stephen; Shackleton, Sarah; Severinghaus, Jeffrey; Dyonisius, Michael; Petrenko, Vasilii; McConnell, Joseph; Rhodes, Rachel; Bauska, Thomas; Baggenstos, Daniel	Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive	New ice cores retrieved from the Taylor Glacier (Antarctica) blue ice area contain ice and air spanning the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5-4 transition, a period of global cooling and ice sheet expansion. We determine chronologies for the ice and air bubbles in the new ice cores by visually matching variations in gas- and ice- phase tracers to preexisting ice core records. The chronologies reveal an ice age-gas age difference (Δage) approaching 10 ka during MIS 4, implying very low snow accumulation in the Taylor Glacier accumulation zone. A revised chronology for the analagous section of the Taylor Dome ice core (84 to 55 ka), located to the south of the Taylor Glacier accumulation zone, shows that Δage did not exceed 3 ka. The difference in Δage between the two records during MIS 4 is similar in magnitude but opposite in direction to what is observed at the Last Glacial Maximum. This relationship implies that a spatial gradient in snow accumulation existed across the Taylor Dome region during MIS 4 that was oriented in the opposite direction of the accumulation gradient during the Last Glacial Maximum.	["POINT(162.167 -77.733)"]
AC-ECM for SPICEcore	1443232	2019-07-08	Fudge, T. J.; Waddington, Edwin	Using Electrical Conductance Measurements to Develop the South Pole Ice Core Chronology	These are AC-ECM data used to identify volcanic events in SPICEcore. The data have been normalized to get a consistent baseline for data collected from three different processing seasons.	["POINT(-180 -90)"]
Taylor Glacier Noble Gases - Younger Dryas	1245821 1245659 1246148 0739766	2019-04-23	Shackleton, Sarah	Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive	Noble gas data from Taylor Glacier for mean ocean temperature reconstruction during the Younger Dryas. Also includes field measurements of methane and standard deviations of replicate CO2 measurements from WAIS Divide.	["POLYGON((161.68 -77.73,161.7 -77.73,161.72 -77.73,161.74 -77.73,161.76 -77.73,161.78 -77.73,161.8 -77.73,161.82 -77.73,161.84 -77.73,161.86 -77.73,161.88 -77.73,161.88 -77.734,161.88 -77.738,161.88 -77.742,161.88 -77.746,161.88 -77.75,161.88 -77.754,161.88 -77.758,161.88 -77.762,161.88 -77.766,161.88 -77.77,161.86 -77.77,161.84 -77.77,161.82 -77.77,161.8 -77.77,161.78 -77.77,161.76 -77.77,161.74 -77.77,161.72 -77.77,161.7 -77.77,161.68 -77.77,161.68 -77.766,161.68 -77.762,161.68 -77.758,161.68 -77.754,161.68 -77.75,161.68 -77.746,161.68 -77.742,161.68 -77.738,161.68 -77.734,161.68 -77.73))"]
WAIS Divide Multi Track Electrical Measurements	0944191 0944197	2019-04-12	Fudge, T. J.; Taylor, Kendrick C.; J. Fudge, T.	Collaborative Research: Establishing the Chronology and Histories of Accumulation and Ice Dynamics for the WAIS Divide Core	Images of the multi-track electrical data for depths below 1956 m are given in mt_compiled_1958_3406.pdf. Images are approximately to scale. Data for individual sections can be obtained by contacting T.J. Fudge at tjfudge@uw.edu. Warm colors are high electrical conductivity. Cool colors are low electrical conductivity. Each track is normalized by subtracting the mean and dividing by the standard deviation. Plotted values are a 3-measurement (3mm) running average. Measurements affected by breaks in the core have been masked out. X-axis is approximate horizontal position on the ice core, as measured from left from looking from bottom to top of the core. Y-axis is depth in meters. Title is the tube number.	["POLYGON((-115 -80,-114.5 -80,-114 -80,-113.5 -80,-113 -80,-112.5 -80,-112 -80,-111.5 -80,-111 -80,-110.5 -80,-110 -80,-110 -79.9,-110 -79.8,-110 -79.7,-110 -79.6,-110 -79.5,-110 -79.4,-110 -79.3,-110 -79.2,-110 -79.1,-110 -79,-110.5 -79,-111 -79,-111.5 -79,-112 -79,-112.5 -79,-113 -79,-113.5 -79,-114 -79,-114.5 -79,-115 -79,-115 -79.1,-115 -79.2,-115 -79.3,-115 -79.4,-115 -79.5,-115 -79.6,-115 -79.7,-115 -79.8,-115 -79.9,-115 -80))"]
South Pole (SPICECORE) 15N, 18O, O2/N2 and Ar/N2	1443710	2019-02-02	Severinghaus, Jeffrey	Collaborative Research: Inert Gas and Methane Based Climate Records throughout the South Pole Deep Ice Core	This data set includes major atmospheric gas and gas isotope data from the SPICECORE project, which recovered a 1750-m ice core at the South Pole in 2015. 15N, 18O of O2, O2/N2, and Ar/N2 are included.	["POINT(0 -90)"]
Stable water isotope data for the surface samples collected at the Allan Hills Blue ice area	1443306 1443263	2018-10-17	Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Mayewski, Paul A.; Introne, Douglas; Yan, Yuzhen	Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area	Stable water isotope data for the surface ice samples (listed as point numbers coordinates provided) collected at the Allan Hills Blue ice area have been generated under a collaborative effort by the University of Maine Climate Change Institute (NSF Award#1443306) and Princeton University (NSF Award# 1443263). This data set contains stable isotope data (dD, d18O) of meltwater samples collected from the area(76.73165 to 76.73348 S, 159.35343 to 159.42112 E).	["POLYGON((159.35343 -76.73165,159.360199 -76.73165,159.366968 -76.73165,159.373737 -76.73165,159.380506 -76.73165,159.387275 -76.73165,159.394044 -76.73165,159.400813 -76.73165,159.407582 -76.73165,159.414351 -76.73165,159.42112 -76.73165,159.42112 -76.731833,159.42112 -76.732016,159.42112 -76.732199,159.42112 -76.732382,159.42112 -76.732565,159.42112 -76.732748,159.42112 -76.732931,159.42112 -76.733114,159.42112 -76.733297,159.42112 -76.73348,159.414351 -76.73348,159.407582 -76.73348,159.400813 -76.73348,159.394044 -76.73348,159.387275 -76.73348,159.380506 -76.73348,159.373737 -76.73348,159.366968 -76.73348,159.360199 -76.73348,159.35343 -76.73348,159.35343 -76.733297,159.35343 -76.733114,159.35343 -76.732931,159.35343 -76.732748,159.35343 -76.732565,159.35343 -76.732382,159.35343 -76.732199,159.35343 -76.732016,159.35343 -76.731833,159.35343 -76.73165))"]
Stable water isotope data for the AH-1502 ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area	1443263 1443306	2018-10-17	Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Mayewski, Paul A.; Introne, Douglas; Yan, Yuzhen	Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area	Stable water isotope data for the ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area have been generated under a collaborative effort by the University of Maine Climate Change Institute (NSF Award#1443306) and Princeton University (NSF Award# 1443263). This data set contains stable isotope data (dD, d18O) of meltwater samples collected from the ice core AH-1502 (76.73286 S, 159.35507 E) was drilled in 2015-16 field season to 197 meters below the surface.	["POINT(159.35507 -76.73286)"]
Stable water isotope data for the AH-1503 ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area	1443263 1443306	2018-10-16	Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Mayewski, Paul A.; Introne, Douglas; Yan, Yuzhen	Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area	Stable water isotope data for the AH-1503 ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area have been generated under a collaborative effort by the University of Maine Climate Change Institute (NSF Award#1443263) and Princeton University (NSF Award# 1443263). This data set contains stable isotope data (dD, d18O) of meltwater samples collected from the ice core AH-1503 (76.73243 S, 159.3562 E). Ice core site AH-1503 used the same borehole as AH- BIT58 drilled down to 124 m during the 2011-12 field season. All drilling was conducted with a 3" Eclipse drill (Ice Drilling Design and Operations (IDDO)).	["POINT(159.3562 -76.73243)"]
Taylor Glacier chemistry data and Taylor Dome TD2015 time scale	1246148 0839031	2018-06-08	Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.	Collaborative Research: A "Horizontal Ice Core" for Large-Volume Samples of the Past Atmosphere, Taylor Glacier, Antarctica	This dataset contains the chemistry and dust measurements from Taylor Glacier as well as the new Taylor Dome TD2015 time scale described in Baggenstos et al. (2018).	["POLYGON((161.41425 -77.73489,161.486884 -77.73489,161.559518 -77.73489,161.632152 -77.73489,161.704786 -77.73489,161.77742 -77.73489,161.850054 -77.73489,161.922688 -77.73489,161.995322 -77.73489,162.067956 -77.73489,162.14059 -77.73489,162.14059 -77.747868,162.14059 -77.760846,162.14059 -77.773824,162.14059 -77.786802,162.14059 -77.79978,162.14059 -77.812758,162.14059 -77.825736,162.14059 -77.838714,162.14059 -77.851692,162.14059 -77.86467,162.067956 -77.86467,161.995322 -77.86467,161.922688 -77.86467,161.850054 -77.86467,161.77742 -77.86467,161.704786 -77.86467,161.632152 -77.86467,161.559518 -77.86467,161.486884 -77.86467,161.41425 -77.86467,161.41425 -77.851692,161.41425 -77.838714,161.41425 -77.825736,161.41425 -77.812758,161.41425 -77.79978,161.41425 -77.786802,161.41425 -77.773824,161.41425 -77.760846,161.41425 -77.747868,161.41425 -77.73489))"]
South Pole Ice Core (SPIcecore) Visual Observations	1542778	2018-03-05	Fegyveresi, John; Alley, Richard	Climate History and Flow Processes from Physical Analyses of the SPICECORE South Pole Ice Core	This dataset includes all visible observations made of the South Pole Ice core within a dark booth during core processing at the National Ice Core Laboratory. This dataset includes observations starting at 735 meters depth, down to the bottom of the drilled core at 1751 meters. All visible and cloudy layers are noted, as well as any other observed feature or cracks. In addition, all Volcanic layers measured on the ECM were noted.	["POLYGON((-180 -89.9,-144 -89.9,-108 -89.9,-72 -89.9,-36 -89.9,0 -89.9,36 -89.9,72 -89.9,108 -89.9,144 -89.9,180 -89.9,180 -89.91,180 -89.92,180 -89.93,180 -89.94,180 -89.95,180 -89.96,180 -89.97,180 -89.98,180 -89.99,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -89.99,-180 -89.98,-180 -89.97,-180 -89.96,-180 -89.95,-180 -89.94,-180 -89.93,-180 -89.92,-180 -89.91,-180 -89.9))"]
WAIS Divide 580m Bubble and Grain Hybrid Data	0539578	2018-03-01	Fegyveresi, John; Alley, Richard	Collaborative Research: Continued Study of Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core	This dataset contains detailed grain and bubble properties data for a new hybrid analysis study relating bubble elongation to crystal orientations. All data are from a depth of 580 meters in a sample from the WAIS Divide ice core.	["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"]
Roosevelt Island Borehole Firn temperatures	0943466	2018-02-13	Hawley, Robert L.; Clemens-Sewall, David; Giese, Alexandra	Collaborative Research: Deglaciation of the Ross Sea Embayment - constraints from Roosevelt Island	These data are firn temperatures, measured by a meteorological station placed at Roosevelt Island. Thermistors were placed at multiple depths through the upper 20 meters of firn and measured through the course of roughly one year.	["POLYGON((-163 -79,-162.8 -79,-162.6 -79,-162.4 -79,-162.2 -79,-162 -79,-161.8 -79,-161.6 -79,-161.4 -79,-161.2 -79,-161 -79,-161 -79.05,-161 -79.1,-161 -79.15,-161 -79.2,-161 -79.25,-161 -79.3,-161 -79.35,-161 -79.4,-161 -79.45,-161 -79.5,-161.2 -79.5,-161.4 -79.5,-161.6 -79.5,-161.8 -79.5,-162 -79.5,-162.2 -79.5,-162.4 -79.5,-162.6 -79.5,-162.8 -79.5,-163 -79.5,-163 -79.45,-163 -79.4,-163 -79.35,-163 -79.3,-163 -79.25,-163 -79.2,-163 -79.15,-163 -79.1,-163 -79.05,-163 -79))"]
WAIS Divide Surface and Snow-pit Data, 2009-2013	1043528	2018-01-16	Fegyveresi, John; Alley, Richard	Collaborative Research: Continued Study of Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core	This dataset includes all surface, snowpit, crust, AWS, and near-surface thermistor data used for analyses and publication "Surface formation, preservation, and history of low-porosity crusts at the WAIS Divide site, West Antarctica" DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/tc-12-1-2018	["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"]
LARISSA: Impact of ice-shelf loss on geochemical profiles and microbial community composition in marine sediments of the Larsen A embayment, Antarctic Peninsula	0732917	2017-12-17	McCormick, Michael	No project link provided	Ice-shelf loss along the east coast of the Antarctic Peninsula over recent decades has brought new sources of carbon and energy to the marine benthos likely affecting sediment geochemistry and microbial community composition. To better understand the long-term effects of ice-shelf loss on benthic microbial communities, we conducted a five-station survey along a 160 km transect following the historic path of retreat of the Larsen A ice shelf. All microbial community sequence data is publicly available through the Metagenomics Analysis Server at Argonne National Laboratory (MG-RAST). The project title is "Impact of ice-shelf loss on geochemical profiles and microbial community composition in marine sediments of the Larsen A embayment, Antarctic Peninsula". A key word search using terms from this title at the MG-RAST portal (http://metagenomics.anl.gov/) will return the complete sample list. This submitted dataset summarizes the measured environmental parameters for these same samples (lat., long., water depth, sediment depth, pH, alkalinity, dissolved oxygen, silicate, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and ammonium).	["POLYGON((299.4 -63.1,299.92 -63.1,300.44 -63.1,300.96 -63.1,301.48 -63.1,302 -63.1,302.52 -63.1,303.04 -63.1,303.56 -63.1,304.08 -63.1,304.6 -63.1,304.6 -63.29,304.6 -63.48,304.6 -63.67,304.6 -63.86,304.6 -64.05,304.6 -64.24,304.6 -64.43,304.6 -64.62,304.6 -64.81,304.6 -65,304.08 -65,303.56 -65,303.04 -65,302.52 -65,302 -65,301.48 -65,300.96 -65,300.44 -65,299.92 -65,299.4 -65,299.4 -64.81,299.4 -64.62,299.4 -64.43,299.4 -64.24,299.4 -64.05,299.4 -63.86,299.4 -63.67,299.4 -63.48,299.4 -63.29,299.4 -63.1))"]
List of samples of WAIS Divide and Byrd (deep) ice that were analyzed for radiogenic isotopes at LDEO	1043471	2017-10-27	Kaplan, Michael	A Study of Atmospheric Dust in the WAIS Divide Ice Core Based on Sr-Nd-Pb-He Isotopes	Listed are samples of WAIS Divide and Byrd (deep) ice that were analyzed for radiogenic isotopes at LDEO.	["POLYGON((-112.5 -79.468,-112.4586 -79.468,-112.4172 -79.468,-112.3758 -79.468,-112.3344 -79.468,-112.293 -79.468,-112.2516 -79.468,-112.2102 -79.468,-112.1688 -79.468,-112.1274 -79.468,-112.086 -79.468,-112.086 -79.4712,-112.086 -79.4744,-112.086 -79.4776,-112.086 -79.4808,-112.086 -79.484,-112.086 -79.4872,-112.086 -79.4904,-112.086 -79.4936,-112.086 -79.4968,-112.086 -79.5,-112.1274 -79.5,-112.1688 -79.5,-112.2102 -79.5,-112.2516 -79.5,-112.293 -79.5,-112.3344 -79.5,-112.3758 -79.5,-112.4172 -79.5,-112.4586 -79.5,-112.5 -79.5,-112.5 -79.4968,-112.5 -79.4936,-112.5 -79.4904,-112.5 -79.4872,-112.5 -79.484,-112.5 -79.4808,-112.5 -79.4776,-112.5 -79.4744,-112.5 -79.4712,-112.5 -79.468))"]
WAIS Divide Replicate Core Methane Isotopic Data Set	1043522	2017-09-15	Brook, Edward J.	No project link provided	Data set contains stable isotope data set for methane in the WAIS Divide replicate core for the interval of 3009 to 2071 meters. These measurements were made by James Lee at the University of Bern as part of his PhD thesis and are the subject of a paper in preparation.	["POLYGON((-112.085 -79.46,-112.0765 -79.46,-112.068 -79.46,-112.0595 -79.46,-112.051 -79.46,-112.0425 -79.46,-112.034 -79.46,-112.0255 -79.46,-112.017 -79.46,-112.0085 -79.46,-112 -79.46,-112 -79.4607,-112 -79.4614,-112 -79.4621,-112 -79.4628,-112 -79.4635,-112 -79.4642,-112 -79.4649,-112 -79.4656,-112 -79.4663,-112 -79.467,-112.0085 -79.467,-112.017 -79.467,-112.0255 -79.467,-112.034 -79.467,-112.0425 -79.467,-112.051 -79.467,-112.0595 -79.467,-112.068 -79.467,-112.0765 -79.467,-112.085 -79.467,-112.085 -79.4663,-112.085 -79.4656,-112.085 -79.4649,-112.085 -79.4642,-112.085 -79.4635,-112.085 -79.4628,-112.085 -79.4621,-112.085 -79.4614,-112.085 -79.4607,-112.085 -79.46))"]
Early Holocene methane records from Siple Dome, Antarctica	1043518	2017-09-11	Yang, Ji-Woong; Ahn, Jinho	Collaborative Research: Completing an ultra-high resolution methane record from the WAIS Divide ice core	Below we present the early Holocene discrete CH4 dataset from Siple Dome (SDMA), Antarctica, measured at Oregon State University (OSU) and Seoul National University (SNU) by discrete wet extraction technique. Analytical method is described in Grachev et al. (2009) and Mitchell et al. (2011) for OSU data, and Yang et al. (2017) for SNU data. SDMA CH4 composite record was constructed by combining OSU data for 7.6 - 9.0 ka and SNU data for 9.0 - 11.6 ka to maximize temporal resolution. SDMA gas chronology was synchronized to Greenland Ice Core Chronology 2005 (GICC05) scale. For detailed description on synchronization and age uncertainty please refer to Yang et al. (2017).	["POLYGON((-113 -79,-112.8 -79,-112.6 -79,-112.4 -79,-112.2 -79,-112 -79,-111.8 -79,-111.6 -79,-111.4 -79,-111.2 -79,-111 -79,-111 -79.1,-111 -79.2,-111 -79.3,-111 -79.4,-111 -79.5,-111 -79.6,-111 -79.7,-111 -79.8,-111 -79.9,-111 -80,-111.2 -80,-111.4 -80,-111.6 -80,-111.8 -80,-112 -80,-112.2 -80,-112.4 -80,-112.6 -80,-112.8 -80,-113 -80,-113 -79.9,-113 -79.8,-113 -79.7,-113 -79.6,-113 -79.5,-113 -79.4,-113 -79.3,-113 -79.2,-113 -79.1,-113 -79))"]
WAIS Divide d18Oatm and Siple Dome/WAIS Divide composite and individual delta epsilon LAND	0538657	2017-08-18	Seltzer, Alan; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.	Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate	This data set contains measurements of d18Oatm (d18O of O2), d15N, dAr/N2, and dO2/N2 in gas bubbles from the WAIS Divide ice core. The time resolution is variable throughout the record but is ~100 years on average (from 65 ka to present). All measurements were made in the Noble Gas Isotope Laboratory at Scripps Institution of Oceanography (La Jolla, CA). The data set includes all replicate measurements as well as replicate-mean values and a calculation of measurement precision (pooled standard deviation). The second sheet of this data set includes fitted d18Oatm curves for the past 50 ka from both the WAIS Divide and Siple Dome Antarctic ice cores, both on the WD2014 timescale (Buizert et al., 2015). The second sheet also includes calculations of the time derivative of d18Oatm and d e LAND in both ice cores individual as well as in a composite record. Details of the entire data set and all relevant methods are provided in Seltzer et al., 2017.	["POLYGON((-113 -79,-112.8 -79,-112.6 -79,-112.4 -79,-112.2 -79,-112 -79,-111.8 -79,-111.6 -79,-111.4 -79,-111.2 -79,-111 -79,-111 -79.1,-111 -79.2,-111 -79.3,-111 -79.4,-111 -79.5,-111 -79.6,-111 -79.7,-111 -79.8,-111 -79.9,-111 -80,-111.2 -80,-111.4 -80,-111.6 -80,-111.8 -80,-112 -80,-112.2 -80,-112.4 -80,-112.6 -80,-112.8 -80,-113 -80,-113 -79.9,-113 -79.8,-113 -79.7,-113 -79.6,-113 -79.5,-113 -79.4,-113 -79.3,-113 -79.2,-113 -79.1,-113 -79))"]
Antarctic Ice Core Tephra Analysis	1142007	2017-08-03	Wheatley, Sarah D.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.	Collaborative Research: Developing an Antarctic Tephra Database for Interdisciplinary Paleoclimate Research (AntT)	This dataset contains ice core tephra geochemical data from 5 temporal intervals in the RICE, WDC-06A, SPRESSO, and SPICE ice cores. The temporal intervals included are 1991 C.E., 1963 C.E., 1815 C.E., 1809 C.E., and 1257 C.E. These intervals are often analyzed for volcanic sulfate by ice core scientists. The volcanic events associated with these intervals caused global weather and climate phenomena and are often used by climate modelers as well to understand volcanic sulfate loading on the climate.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]
Snowpit evidence of the 2011 Puyehue-Cordon Caulle (Chile) eruption in West Antarctica	0636740	2017-07-11	Koffman, Bess; Kreutz, Karl	Collaborative Research: Microparticle/tephra analysis of the WAIS Divide ice core	We present several related datasets from a 2012 snow pit and a 2013 firn core collected near the WAIS Divide field camp in West Antarctica. The data include soluble ions (sodium and non-sea-salt sulfate) and dust particle concentrations, as well as major oxide geochemistry of tephra grains isolated from snow samples. Based on these data, we found evidence of deposition from the 2011 Puyehue Cordon-Caulle (Chile) volcanic eruption at WAIS Divide.	["POINT(-112.086 -79.468)"]
Holocene Black Carbon in Antarctica	0839093	2017-06-19	McConnell, Joseph; Arienzo, Monica	Collaborative Research: Integrated High Resolution Chemical and Biological Measurements on the Deep WAIS Divide Core	Black carbon (BC) and other biomass-burning (BB) aerosols are critical components of climate forcing but quantification, predictive climate modeling, and policy decisions have been hampered by limited understanding of the climate drivers of BB and by the lack of long-term records. Prior modeling studies suggested that increased Northern Hemisphere anthropogenic BC emissions increased recent temperatures and regional precipitation, including a northward shift in the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Two Antarctic ice cores were analyzed for BC and the longest record shows that the highest BC deposition during the Holocene occurred ~8-6k years before present in a period of relatively high austral burning season and low growing season insolation. Atmospheric transport modeling suggests South America (SA) as the dominant source of modern Antarctic BC and, consistent with the ice-core record, climate model experiments using mid-Holocene and preindustrial insolation simulate comparable increases in carbon loss due to fires in SA during the mid-Holocene. SA climate proxies document a northward shifted ITCZ and weakened SA Summer Monsoon (SASM) during this period, with associated impacts on hydroclimate and burning. A second Antarctic ice core spanning the last 2.5k years documents similar linkages between hydroclimate and BC, with the lowest deposition during the Little Ice Age characterized by a southerly shifted ITCZ and strengthened SASM. These new results indicate that insolation-driven changes in SA hydroclimate and BB, likely linked to the position of the ITCZ, modulated Antarctic BC deposition during most of the Holocene and suggests connections and feedbacks between future BC emissions and hydroclimate.	["POLYGON((161.41425 -77.73489,161.486884 -77.73489,161.559518 -77.73489,161.632152 -77.73489,161.704786 -77.73489,161.77742 -77.73489,161.850054 -77.73489,161.922688 -77.73489,161.995322 -77.73489,162.067956 -77.73489,162.14059 -77.73489,162.14059 -77.747868,162.14059 -77.760846,162.14059 -77.773824,162.14059 -77.786802,162.14059 -77.79978,162.14059 -77.812758,162.14059 -77.825736,162.14059 -77.838714,162.14059 -77.851692,162.14059 -77.86467,162.067956 -77.86467,161.995322 -77.86467,161.922688 -77.86467,161.850054 -77.86467,161.77742 -77.86467,161.704786 -77.86467,161.632152 -77.86467,161.559518 -77.86467,161.486884 -77.86467,161.41425 -77.86467,161.41425 -77.851692,161.41425 -77.838714,161.41425 -77.825736,161.41425 -77.812758,161.41425 -77.79978,161.41425 -77.786802,161.41425 -77.773824,161.41425 -77.760846,161.41425 -77.747868,161.41425 -77.73489))"]
Taylor Glacier Gas Isotope Data	0839031	2017-06-16	Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.	Collaborative Research: A "Horizontal Ice Core" for Large-Volume Samples of the Past Atmosphere, Taylor Glacier, Antarctica	Taylor Glacier Gas Isotope Data	["POLYGON((161.41425 -77.73489,161.486884 -77.73489,161.559518 -77.73489,161.632152 -77.73489,161.704786 -77.73489,161.77742 -77.73489,161.850054 -77.73489,161.922688 -77.73489,161.995322 -77.73489,162.067956 -77.73489,162.14059 -77.73489,162.14059 -77.747868,162.14059 -77.760846,162.14059 -77.773824,162.14059 -77.786802,162.14059 -77.79978,162.14059 -77.812758,162.14059 -77.825736,162.14059 -77.838714,162.14059 -77.851692,162.14059 -77.86467,162.067956 -77.86467,161.995322 -77.86467,161.922688 -77.86467,161.850054 -77.86467,161.77742 -77.86467,161.704786 -77.86467,161.632152 -77.86467,161.559518 -77.86467,161.486884 -77.86467,161.41425 -77.86467,161.41425 -77.851692,161.41425 -77.838714,161.41425 -77.825736,161.41425 -77.812758,161.41425 -77.79978,161.41425 -77.786802,161.41425 -77.773824,161.41425 -77.760846,161.41425 -77.747868,161.41425 -77.73489))"]
Seasonal 17O Isotope Data from Lake Vostok and WAIS Divide Snow Pits	1341360	2017-06-05	Steig, Eric J.; Schoenemann, Spruce	Development of a Laser Spectroscopy System for Analysis of 17Oexcess on Ice Cores	Seasonal 17O Isotope Data from Lake Vostok and WAIS Divide Snow Pits	["POINT(106 -77.5)", "POINT(-112.08 -79.46)"]
WAIS Divide WDC06A Core Quality Versus Depth	0944348 0944266	2017-06-01	Taylor, Kendrick C.; Souney, Joseph Jr.; Twickler, Mark	Collaborative Research: Climate, Ice Dynamics and Biology using a Deep Ice Core from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Ice Divide	Qualitative assessment of ice-core quality versus depth for the deep WAIS Divide WDC06A ice core. The depths and core quality ratings presented here are from the field observations made at WAIS Divide, Antarctica, during the course of the drilling of the ice core. Depths are in meters. Core quality ratings were defined are as follows. Excellent: -1 breaks/no fractures; Very Good: -2 breaks/90% no fractures; Good: -3 breaks/50% no fractures; Fair: >10 cm without fractures; Poor: >10 cm without through fractures; Very Poor: <10 cm without through fractures.	["POINT(-112.08 -79.46)"]
WAIS Divide WDC06A Discrete ICP-MS Chemistry	0636740	2017-04-27	Kreutz, Karl	Collaborative Research: Microparticle/tephra analysis of the WAIS Divide ice core	This dataset includes discrete ICP-MS chemistry data generated at the University of Maine for the top 577 m of the WAIS Divide deep ice core (WDC06A). There are two parallel datasets, produced from a single set of samples that were melted continuously, collected by fraction collector and split manually (by pouring). The first set was acidified to 10% v/v nitric acid and allowed to leach for one month prior to analysis. These are referred to as "total" samples (see below). The second set were filtered using individual hand-held 0.45 um filters and syringes, then acidified to 10% v/v nitric acid and analyzed. These are referred to as "dissolved" samples. Reported depths are based on values assigned during melting; please note that these are subject to change. Please contact Karl and Bess if you plan to use the data or have any questions.	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]
WAIS Divide WDC06A Nitrate Isotope Record	1246223	2017-04-26	Buffen, Aron; Hastings, Meredith	Investigating Source, Chemistry and Climate changes using the Isotopic Composition of Nitrate in Antarctic Snow and Ice	This dataset contains nitrate concentration and isotopic composition (d15N, d18O, D17O) measurements on the WAIS Divide WDC06A ice core.	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]
Summary of Results from the WAIS Divide Ice Core Project	0944348	2017-04-24	Taylor, Kendrick C.	Collaborative Research: Climate, Ice Dynamics and Biology using a Deep Ice Core from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Ice Divide	This is a summary of results 2005-2016 from the NSF-funded WAIS Divide Ice Core project, compiled by the Science Coordination Office.	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]
WAIS Divide Ice-Core Chronology from Intermediate Core WDC05Q	0538427	2017-03-28	McConnell, Joseph	Trace and Ultra-Trace Chemistry Measurements of the WAIS Divide Ice Core	A state-of-the-art continuous ice core analytical system was used to analyze samples from 0 to ~130 m depth of the recently collected intermediate core WDC05Q from West Antarctica. Interpretation of these records and publication of findings is ongoing.	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]
WAIS Divide Ice-Core Chronology from Intermediate Core WDC05A	0538427	2017-03-28	McConnell, Joseph	Trace and Ultra-Trace Chemistry Measurements of the WAIS Divide Ice Core	A state-of-the-art continuous ice core analytical system was used to analyze samples from 0 to ~130 m depth of the recently collected intermediate core WDC05A from West Antarctica. Interpretation of these records and publication of findings is ongoing.	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]
WD2014: Timescale for WAIS Divide Core 2006 A (WDC-06A)	0944197	2017-03-28	Fudge, T. J.	Collaborative Research: Establishing the Chronology and Histories of Accumulation and Ice Dynamics for the WAIS Divide Core	The West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS Divide, WD) ice core is a newly drilled, high-accumulation deep ice core that provides Antarctic climate records of the past ~68 ka at unprecedented temporal resolution. The upper 2850 m (back to 31.2 ka BP) have been dated using annual-layer counting. Here we present a chronology for the deep part of the core (67.8-31.2 ka BP), which is based on stratigraphic matching to annual-layer-counted Greenland ice cores using globally well-mixed atmospheric methane. We calculate the WD gas age-ice age difference (Delta age) using a combination of firn densification modeling, ice-flow modeling, and a data set of d15N-N2, a proxy for past firn column thickness. The largest Delta age at WD occurs during the Last Glacial Maximum, and is 525 +/- 120 years. Internally consistent solutions can be found only when assuming little to no influence of impurity content on densification rates, contrary to a recently proposed hypothesis. We synchronize the WD chronology to a linearly scaled version of the layer-counted Greenland Ice Core Chronology (GICC05), which brings the age of Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events into agreement with the U/Th absolutely dated Hulu Cave speleothem record. The small Delta age at WD provides valuable opportunities to investigate the timing of atmospheric greenhouse gas variations relative to Antarctic climate, as well as the interhemispheric phasing of the \"bipolar seesaw\". We present the WD2014 chronology for the upper part (0-2850 m; 31.2 ka BP) of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide (WD) ice core. The chronology is based on counting of annual layers observed in the chemical, dust and electrical conductivity records. These layers are caused by seasonal changes in the source, transport, and deposition of aerosols. The measurements were interpreted manually and with the aid of two automated methods. We validated the chronology by comparing to two high-accuracy, absolutely dated chronologies. For the Holocene, the cosmogenic isotope records of 10Be from WAIS Divide and 14C for IntCal13 demonstrated that WD2014 was consistently accurate to better than 0.5% of the age. For the glacial period, comparisons to the Hulu Cave chronology demonstrated that WD2014 had an accuracy of better than 1% of the age at three abrupt climate change events between 27 and 31ka. WD2014 has consistently younger ages than Greenland ice core chronologies during most of the Holocene. For the Younger Dryas-Preboreal transition (11.595 ka; 24 years younger) and the Bolling-Allerod Warming (14.621 ka; 7 years younger), WD2014 ages are within the combined uncertainties of the timescales. Given its high accuracy, WD2014 can become a reference chronology for the Southern Hemisphere, with synchronization to other chronologies feasible using high-quality proxies of volcanism, solar activity, atmospheric mineral dust, and atmospheric methane concentrations.	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]
Gas measurement from Higgins et al., 2015 - PNAS	0838849	2017-03-27	Higgins, John	Trace and Ultra-Trace Chemistry Measurements of the WAIS Divide Ice Core	Measurements of Ar isotopes (40Ar/38Ar/36Ar) and other gas species (18O/16O of O2, 15N/14N of N2, O2/N2 and Ar/N2 ratios) from ice cores drilled in the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area	["POLYGON((159.02 -76.67,159.057 -76.67,159.094 -76.67,159.131 -76.67,159.168 -76.67,159.205 -76.67,159.242 -76.67,159.279 -76.67,159.316 -76.67,159.353 -76.67,159.39 -76.67,159.39 -76.687,159.39 -76.704,159.39 -76.721,159.39 -76.738,159.39 -76.755,159.39 -76.772,159.39 -76.789,159.39 -76.806,159.39 -76.823,159.39 -76.84,159.353 -76.84,159.316 -76.84,159.279 -76.84,159.242 -76.84,159.205 -76.84,159.168 -76.84,159.131 -76.84,159.094 -76.84,159.057 -76.84,159.02 -76.84,159.02 -76.823,159.02 -76.806,159.02 -76.789,159.02 -76.772,159.02 -76.755,159.02 -76.738,159.02 -76.721,159.02 -76.704,159.02 -76.687,159.02 -76.67))"]
WAIS Divide Ice-Core Aerosol Records from Intermediate Core WDC05A	0538427	2017-03-23	McConnell, Joseph	Trace and Ultra-Trace Chemistry Measurements of the WAIS Divide Ice Core	A state-of-the-art continuous ice core analytical system was used to analyze samples from the firn portion (0 to ~70 m depth) of the recently collected intermediate core WDC05A from West Antarctica. Interpretation of these records and publication of findings is ongoing.	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]
WAIS Divide Ice-Core Aerosol Records from 1.5 to 577 m	0538427	2017-03-23	McConnell, Joseph	Trace and Ultra-Trace Chemistry Measurements of the WAIS Divide Ice Core	A state-of-the-art continuous ice core analytical system was used to analyze samples from ~1.5 to ~577 m depth in the recently collected WAIS Divide deep ice core from West Antarctica. Interpretation of these records and publication of findings is ongoing.	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]
WAIS Divide Ice-Core Aerosol Records from Intermediate Core WDC05Q	0538427	2017-03-23	McConnell, Joseph	Trace and Ultra-Trace Chemistry Measurements of the WAIS Divide Ice Core	A state-of-the-art continuous ice core analytical system was used to analyze samples from 0 to ~130 m depth of the recently collected intermediate core WDC05Q from West Antarctica. Interpretation of these records and publication of findings is ongoing.	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]
WAIS Divide Ice-Core Aerosol Records from 1300 to 3404 m	1142166	2017-03-22	McConnell, Joseph	Collaborative Research: Investigating Upper Pleistocene Rapid Climate Change using Continuous, Ultra-High-Resolution Aerosol and Gas Measurements in the WAIS Divide Ice Core	A state-of-the-art continuous ice core analytical system was used to analyze ~3 cm by ~3 cm longitudinal samples from ~1300 to ~3404 m depth in the recently collected WAIS Divide deep ice core from West Antarctica. Interpretation of these records and publication of findings is ongoing.	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]
WAIS Divide sulfate and nitrate isotopes	0538049	2017-03-09	Alexander, Becky; Steig, Eric J.	Collaborative Research: Multiple-isotope Analysis of Nitrate and Sulfate in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Ice Core	This data set contain oxygen isotopes of sulfate and nitrate and nitrogen isotopes of nitrate from the WAIS Divide ice core from the surface to 577 m depth at varying resolution	["POINT(-112.085 -79.5)"]
Fluorescence spectroscopy data from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core, WDC06A	0839075	2017-03-06	Priscu, John; D'Andrilli, Juliana	Collaborative Research: Integrated High Resolution Chemical and Biological Measurements on the Deep WAIS Divide Core	This data set include depth (WDC06A-7 dating) and fluorescence intensity measurements for five fluorophore regions (A, C, M, B, and T) commonly found in natural organic matter. Data from 1300-1700m, 1700-2100m, and 2100-2700m correspond to the early Holocene, deglaciation period, and the Last Glacial Maximum.	["POINT(-112.08648 -79.46763)"]
Accumulation Rates from the WAIS Divide Ice Core	0944197	2017-02-21	Fudge, T. J.; Waddington, Edwin D.; Conway, Howard; Buizert, Christo	Collaborative Research: Establishing the Chronology and Histories of Accumulation and Ice Dynamics for the WAIS Divide Core	These data are the accumulation rate history for the WAIS Divide ice core in central West Antarctica. The data are in two parts: 1) the annual accumulation rates for the past ~31ka and 2) the firn gas-based accumulation rates from 31-67ka.	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]
Temperature Reconstruction at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide	0539232	2017-01-12	Cuffey, Kurt M.	Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core	This dataset contains the temperature reconstruction at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide reported by Cuffey et al. (2016) in PNAS. Five files contain 1) the primary reconstruction (Eq. 2 of that publication), combining information from borehole temperatures, deuterium isotopic content of ice, and nitrogen-15 content of trapped diatomic nitrogen gas; 2) the primary reconstruction with higher-frequency content restored; 3) the lower limit of the primary reconstruction; 4) the upper limit of the primary reconstruction; and 5) and the primary reconstruction with added perturbations.	["POINT(-112.083 -79.467)"]
Stable Isotopes of Ice in the Transition and Glacial Sections of the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core	1043167	2016-11-02	White, James; Vaughn, Bruce; Jones, Tyler; Morris, Valerie	No project link provided	None	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]
WAIS Divide Ice Core Vertical Thin Section Low-resolution Digital Imagery	0539578	2016-03-07	Cravens, Eric D.	Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core	This data set consists of a comprehensive, frame-stitched low‐resolution set of digital images of vertical thin sections of the main core (WDC 06A) from WAIS Divide.	["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"]
WDC 06A Mean Grain Size Data	0539578	2016-03-02	Fitzpatrick, Joan; Cravens, Eric D.	Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core	The data set comprises the mean grain sizes at the sampled depths derived from vertical thin sections and reflects the final WDC 06A timescale.	["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"]
Grain Size Full Population Dataset from WDC06A Core	0539578	2016-02-25	Fitzpatrick, Joan; Cravens, Eric D.	Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core	This data set contains the complete grain-size data for all analyses conducted on the vertical thin sections of the WAIS Divide Ice Core WDC06A. Complete grain-size distributions are provided here in order to address the shortcomings inherent in using only the mean values.	["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"]
Stable Isotopes of Ice in the Transition and Glacial Sections of the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core	1043167	2016-01-01	White, James; Vaughn, Bruce; Jones, Tyler; Morris, Valerie A.	Collaborative Research: Stable Isotopes of Ice in the Transition and Glacial Sections of the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core	This award supports a project to contribute one of the cornerstone analyses, stable isotopes of ice (Delta-D, Delta-O18) to the ongoing West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS) deep ice core. The WAIS Divide drilling project, a multi-institution project to obtain a continuous high resolution ice core record from central West Antarctica, reached a depth of 2560 m in early 2010; it is expected to take one or two more field seasons to reach the ice sheet bed (~3300 m), plus an additional four seasons for borehole logging and other activities including proposed replicate coring. The current proposal requests support to complete analyses on the WAIS Divide core to the base, where the age will be ~100,000 years or more. These analyses will form the basis for the investigation of a number of outstanding questions in climate and glaciology during the last glacial period, focused on the dynamics of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and the relationship of West Antarctic climate to that of the Northern polar regions, the tropical Pacific, and the rest of the globe, on time scales ranging from years to tens of thousands of years. One new aspect of this work is the growing expertise at the University of Washington in climate modeling with isotope-tracer-enabled general circulation models, which will aid in the interpretation of the data. Another major new aspect is the completion and use of a high-resolution, semi-automated sampling system at the University of Colorado, which will permit the continuous analysis of isotope ratios via laser spectroscopy, at an effective resolution of ~2 cm or less, providing inter-annual time resolution for most of the core. Because continuous flow analyses of stable ice isotopes is a relatively new measurement, we will complement them with parallel measurements, every ~10-20 m, using traditional discrete sampling and analysis by mass spectrometry at the University of Washington. The intellectual merit and the overarching goal of the work are to see Inland WAIS become the reference ice isotope record for West Antarctica. The broader impacts of the work are that the data generated in this project pertain directly to policy-relevant and immediate questions of the stability of the West Antarctic ice sheet, and thus past and future changes in sea level, as well as the nature of climate change in the high southern latitudes. The project will also contribute to the development of modern isotope analysis techniques using laser spectroscopy, with applications well beyond ice cores. The project will involve a graduate student and postdoc who will work with both P.I.s, and spend time at both institutions. Data will be made available rapidly through the Antarctic Glaciological Data Center, for use by other researchers and the public.	["POINT(-112.08 -79.47)"]
Measurements of in situ cosmogenic 14C from Taylor Glacier, Antarctica	0839031	2016-01-01	Severinghaus, Jeffrey	Collaborative Research: A "Horizontal Ice Core" for Large-Volume Samples of the Past Atmosphere, Taylor Glacier, Antarctica	This award supports a project to develop a precise gas-based chronology for an archive of large-volume samples of the ancient atmosphere, which would enable ultra-trace gas measurements that are currently precluded by sample size limitations of ice cores. The intellectual merit of the proposed work is that it will provide a critical test of the 'clathrate hypothesis' that methane clathrates contributed to the two abrupt atmospheric methane concentration increases during the last deglaciation 15 and 11 kyr ago. This approach employs large volumes of ice (>1 ton) to measure carbon-14 on past atmospheric methane across the abrupt events. Carbon-14 is an ideal discriminator of fossil sources of methane to the atmosphere, because most methane sources (e.g., wetlands, termites, biomass burning) are rich in carbon-14, whereas clathrates and other fossil sources are devoid of carbon-14. The proposed work is a logical extension to Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, of an approach pioneered at the margin of the Greenland ice sheet over the past 7 years. The Greenland work found higher-than-expected carbon-14 values, likely due in part to contaminants stemming from the high impurity content of Greenland ice and the interaction of the ice with sediments from the glacier bed. The data also pointed to the possibility of a previously unknown process, in-situ cosmogenic production of carbon-14 methane (radiomethane) in the ice matrix. Antarctic ice in Taylor Glacier is orders of magnitude cleaner than the ice at the Greenland site, and is much colder and less stratigraphically disturbed, offering the potential for a clear resolution of this puzzle and a definitive test of the cosmogenic radiomethane hypothesis. Even if cosmogenic radiomethane in ice is found, it still may be possible to reconstruct atmospheric radiomethane with a correction enabled by a detailed understanding of the process, which will be sought by co-measuring carbon-14 in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The broader impacts of the proposed work are that the clathrate test may shed light on the stability of the clathrate reservoir and its potential for climate feedbacks under human-induced warming. Development of Taylor Glacier as a 'horizontal ice core' would provide a community resource for other researchers. Education of one postdoc, one graduate student, and one undergraduate, would add to human resources. This award has field work in Antarctica.	["POINT(161.71965 -77.76165)"]
The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive	1245821	2016-01-01	Brook, Edward J.	Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive	This award supports a project to use the Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, ablation zone to collect ice samples for a range of paleoenvironmental studies. A record of carbon-14 of atmospheric methane (14CH4) will be obtained for the last deglaciation and the Early Holocene, together with a supporting record of CH4 stable isotopes. In-situ cosmogenic 14C content and partitioning of 14C between different species (14CH4, C-14 carbon monoxide (14CO) and C-14 carbon dioxide (14CO2)) will be determined with unprecedented precision in ice from the surface down to ~67 m. Further age-mapping of the ablating ice stratigraphy will take place using a combination of CH4, CO2, and delta 18O of oxygen gas and H2O stable isotopes. High precision, high-resolution records of CO2, delta 13C of CO2, nitrous oxide (N2O) and N2O isotopes will be obtained for the last deglaciation and intervals during the last glacial period. The potential of 14CO2 and Krypton-81 (81Kr) as absolute dating tools for glacial ice will be investigated. The intellectual merit of proposed work includes the fact that the response of natural methane sources to continuing global warming is uncertain, and available evidence is insufficient to rule out the possibility of catastrophic releases from large 14C-depleted reservoirs such as CH4 clathrates and permafrost. The proposed paleoatmospheric 14CH4 record will improve our understanding of the possible magnitude and timing of CH4 release from these reservoirs during a large climatic warming. A thorough understanding of in-situ cosmogenic 14C in glacial ice (production rates by different mechanisms and partitioning between species) is currently lacking. Such an understanding will likely enable the use of in-situ 14CO in ice at accumulation sites as a reliable, uncomplicated tracer of the past cosmic ray flux and possibly past solar activity, as well as the use of 14CO2 at both ice accumulation and ice ablation sites as an absolute dating tool. Significant gaps remain in our understanding of the natural carbon cycle, as well as in its responses to global climate change. The proposed high-resolution, high-precision records of delta 13C of CO2 would provide new information on carbon cycle changes both during times of rising CO2 in a warming climate and falling CO2 in a cooling climate. N2O is an important greenhouse gas that increased by ~30% during the last deglaciation. The causes of this increase are still largely uncertain, and the proposed high-precision record of N2O concentration and isotopes would provide further insights into N2O source changes in a warming world. The broader impacts of proposed work include an improvement in our understanding of the response of these greenhouse gas budgets to global warming and inform societally important model projections of future climate change. The continued age-mapping of Taylor Glacier ablation ice will add value to this high-quality, easily accessible archive of natural environmental variability. Establishing 14CO as a robust new tracer for past cosmic ray flux would inform paleoclimate studies and constitute a valuable contribution to the study of the societally important issue of climate change. The proposed work will contribute to the development of new laboratory and field analytical systems. The data from the study will be made available to the scientific community and the broad public through the NSIDC and NOAA Paleoclimatology data centers. 1 graduate student each will be trained at UR, OSU and SIO, and the work will contribute to the training of a postdoc at OSU. 3 UR undergraduates will be involved in fieldwork and research. The work will support a new, junior UR faculty member, Petrenko. All PIs have a strong history of and commitment to scientific outreach in the forms of media interviews, participation in filming of field projects, as well as speaking to schools and the public about their research, and will continue these activities as part of the proposed work. This award has field work in Antarctica.	["POINT(162.167 -77.733)"]
Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability and Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake and Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)	0839059	2016-01-01	Powell, Ross	Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability & Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake & Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)	The LISSARD project (Lake and Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) is one of three research components of the WISSARD integrative initiative (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) that is being funded by the Antarctic Integrated System Science Program of NSF's Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. The overarching scientific objective of WISSARD is to assess the role of water beneath a West Antarctic ice stream in interlinked glaciological, geological, microbiological, geochemical, and oceanographic systems. The LISSARD component of WISSARD focuses on the role of active subglacial lakes in determining how fast the West Antarctic ice sheet loses mass to the global ocean and influences global sea level changes. The importance of Antarctic subglacial lakes has only been recently recognized, and the lakes have been identified as high priority targets for scientific investigations because of their unknown contributions to ice sheet stability under future global warming scenarios. LISSARD has several primary science goals: A) To provide an observational basis for improving treatments of subglacial hydrological and mechanical processes in models of ice sheet mass balance and stability; B) To reconstruct the past history of ice stream stability by analyzing archives of past basal water and ice flow variability contained in subglacial sediments, porewater, lake water, and basal accreted ice; C) To provide background understanding of subglacial lake environments to benefit RAGES and GBASE (the other two components of the WISSARD project); and D) To synthesize data and concepts developed as part of this project to determine whether subglacial lakes play an important role in (de)stabilizing Antarctic ice sheets. We propose an unprecedented synthesis of approaches to studying ice sheet processes, including: (1) satellite remote sensing, (2) surface geophysics, (3) borehole observations and measurements and, (4) basal and subglacial sampling. The latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recognized that the greatest uncertainties in assessing future global sea-level change stem from a poor understanding of ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet vulnerability to oceanic and atmospheric warming. Disintegration of the WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) alone would contribute 3-5 m to global sea-level rise, making WAIS a focus of scientific concern due to its potential susceptibility to internal or ocean-driven instability. The overall WISSARD project will test the overarching hypothesis that active water drainage connects various subglacial environments and exerts major control on ice sheet flow, geochemistry, metabolic and phylogenetic diversity, and biogeochemical transformations. Societal Relevance: Global warming, melting of ice sheets and consequential sea-level rise are of high societal relevance. Science Resource Development: After a 9-year hiatus WISSARD will provide the US-science community with a renewed capability to access and study sub-ice sheet environments. Developing this technological infrastructure will benefit the broader science community and assets will be accessible for future use through the NSF-OPP drilling contractor. Furthermore, these projects will pioneer an approach implementing recommendations from the National Research Council committee on Principles of Environmental Stewardship for the Exploration and Study of Subglacial Environments (2007). Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating them in our research programs; ii) introducing new investigators to the polar sciences by incorporating promising young investigators in our programs, iii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by incorporating various teachers and NSTA programs, and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as popular science magazines, museum based activities and videography and documentary films. In summary, WISSARD will promote scientific exploration of Antarctica by conveying to the public the excitement of accessing and studying what may be some of the last unexplored aquatic environments on Earth, and which represent a potential analogue for extraterrestrial life habitats on Europa and Mars.	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Mount Moulton Isotopes and Other Ice Core Data	0230316	2015-11-24	Steig, Eric J.; White, James; Popp, Trevor	Collaborative Research: Refining a 500-kry Climate Record From the Moulton Blue Ice Field in West Antarctica	This data set consists of water isotope ratios from the Mt. Moulton ice-trench record, as well as data from the Taylor Dome, EPICA Dome C, Talos Dome, Vostok, and EPICA Dronning Maud Land ice cores.	["POINT(-134.43 -74.04)"]
Ultra-High Resolution LA-ICP-MS Results: DO-21 Rapid Warming Event	0538657	2015-10-27	Haines, Skylar; Mayewski, Paul A.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.	Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate	This data set contains the results of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) performed on an archive of the GISP2 ice core containing the rapid climate warming of Dansgaard-Oeschger Event 21.	["POINT(-38.5 -76.2)"]
Ultra-trace Measurements in the WAIS Divide 06A Ice Core	1043780	2015-10-27	Aydin, Murat; Saltzman, Eric	Carbonyl Sulfide Measurements in the Deep West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Ice Core	These data contain the results of gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of 207 samples from the WAIS Divide 06A ice core. The trace gases found in the 207 samples are ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), n-butane (n-C4H10), carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS2), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and methyl bromide (CH3Br).	["POINT(-112.1 -79.5)"]
LA-ICP-MS Results: 3 Siple Dome A Glacial Age Archives	1042883	2015-10-27	Haines, Skylar; Mayewski, Paul A.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.	Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution Project (RICE): US Deep Ice Core Glaciochemistry Contribution (2011- 2014)	This data set contains the results of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) performed on an archive of the Siple Dome A ice core containing the rapid climate warming of Dansgaard-Oeschger Event 21.	["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"]
Low-res d15N and d18O of O2 in the WAIS Divide 06A Deep Core	0538657	2015-10-20	Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.	Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate	This data set is a low-resolution set of measurements of d15N of N2 and d18O of O2, along with dO2/N and dAr/N2 supporting data, in the WAIS Divide 3405 m long ice core recovered in 2011. Data are distributed via FTP.	["POINT(-112.08 -79.47)"]
WAIS Divide Ice Core CO2	0739766	2015-10-06	Brook, Edward J.; Marcott, Shaun	Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change: The WAIS Divide Ice Core Record	The data are measurements of carbon dioxide (CO<sub>2</sub>) from the WAIS Divide Ice Core, WDC06A, Antarctica.	["POINT(-112.08 -79.46)"]
Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution Ice Core ICP-MS data	1042883	2015-09-29	Mayewski, Paul A.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.	Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution Project (RICE): US Deep Ice Core Glaciochemistry Contribution (2011- 2014)	This data set includes three Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core samples drilled on Roosevelt Island, Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The RICE elements analyzed were: Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Pb, Bi, U, As, Li, I, Al, S, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Na, Mg, Cu, Zn, and K verses depth.	["POINT(-161.53 -79.39)"]
Borehole Temperatures at Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica	0732730	2015-07-31	Truffer, Martin; Stanton, Timothy	Collaborative Research; IPY: Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica	This data set is a time series of borehole temperatures at different depths from three thermistor strings deployed in three boreholes drilled through the Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, Antarctica.	["POINT(-100.5 -75.1)"]
Continuous, Ultra-high Resolution WAIS-Divide Ice Core Methane Record 9.8-67.2 ka BP	1043518 0839093 1142166 0944552 1142041	2015-07-23	McConnell, Joseph; Brook, Edward J.; Rhodes, Rachel	Collaborative Research: Completing an ultra-high resolution methane record from the WAIS Divide ice core	This data set contains methane concentrations from a West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core obtained by an online, continuous technique (Stowasser, et al. 2012). <br></br> IMPORTANT NOTE: The experiment-time-integrated data are made available as a comprehensive archive of WAIS-Divide methane measurements. In the vast majority of cases the 2-yearly spline fit will be the most suitable for your application (Rhodes_Science_2015_WD_CH4_noaa-wdc-paleo (8).xlsx or Rhodes_Science_2015_WD_CH4_noaa-wdc-paleo.txt). <br> </br> For more detailed information on the 2 yearly cubic smoothing spline please refer to references listed, in particular, the Supplementary Material of Rhodes et al. (2015).	["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"]
WAIS Divide Microparticle Concentration and Size Distribution, 0-2400 ka	0636740	2015-06-29	Koffman, Bess; Kreutz, Karl	Collaborative Research: Microparticle/tephra analysis of the WAIS Divide ice core	This data set includes raw dust microparticle data for the WAIS Divide deep core, WDC06A, from the surface to 577 m. Data were collected in 2010 using a Klotz Abakus laser particle counter connected to a continuous ice core melter system at the University of Maine (Breton et al., 2012).	["POINT(-112.5 -79.28)"]
Surface Temperature Reconstruction from Borehole Temperature Measurement in WDC05A	0440701	2015-06-08	Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Orsi, Anais J.	Collaborative Research: Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the Proposed WAIS Divide Drilling Site	This data set shows the modeled surface temperature reconstruction from an inversion of the 300 m WDC05A borehole at the West Antarctic Divide Ice core site.	["POINT(-112.125 -79.463)"]
Borehole Temperature Measurement in WDC05A in January 2008 and January 2009	0538657	2015-06-08	Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Orsi, Anais J.	Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate	This data set includes borehole temperature measurements performed in January 2008 and January 2009 at the West Antarctic Ice sheet divide from the 300 m hole WDC05A.	["POINT(-112.125 -79.463)"]
Snowpit Chemistry - Methods Comparison, WAIS Divide, Antarctica	0636740	2015-06-01	Kreutz, Karl	Collaborative Research: Microparticle/tephra analysis of the WAIS Divide ice core	Measurements of a suite of trace elements in snow pit samples from WAIS Divide, Antarctica.	["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"]
WAIS Divide WDC06A Oxygen Isotope Record	1043092	2015-04-28	Steig, Eric J.	Collaborative Research: Stable Isotopes of Ice in the Transition and Glacial Sections of the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core	This data set contains complete low resolution (0.25 to 100 cm) oxygen isotope data from the WAIS Divide Ice Core WDC06A, 0 to 3404.7 m depth. Also included is the WDC2014 timescale.	["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"]
Firn Permeability and Density at WAIS Divide	0944078	2015-03-11	Albert, Mary R.	Firn Metamorphism: Microstructure and Physical Properties	This data set contains laboratory measurements of the density and permeability made from firn cores from the lock-in zone through pore close-off at the WAIS Divide and Megadunes sites.	["POINT(124.48796 -80.77914)", "POINT(-112.12317 -79.463)"]
Average Annual Layer Thickness of the WAIS Divide Ice Core from Visual Stratigraphy	1043313	2015-03-11	Spencer, Matthew	Collaborative Research: Continued Study of Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core	This data set includes ~50 m averaged annual layer thicknesses down to 3403 m depth at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core as observed visually using diffuse transmitted light opposite a planed surface in a light-shielded booth in the core-processing line at the National Ice Core Lab in Denver, CO.	["POINT(-112.0865 -79.4676)"]
C-axis Fabric from Physical Properties Samples of the WAIS Divide Ice Core	1043528	2015-03-10	Voigt, Donald E.; Alley, Richard; Fitzpatrick, Joan	Collaborative Research: Continued Study of Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core	This data set contains c-axis fabric measurements and grain area from the physical properties samples taken from the main West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core, WDC06A , Antarctica.	["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"]
Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice (1142010)	1142010	2015-01-01	Talghader, Joseph	Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice	This award supports a project to combine the expertise of both glaciologists and optical engineers to develop polarization- preserving optical scattering techniques for borehole tools to identify changes in high-resolution crystal structure (fabric) and dust content of glacial ice. The intellectual merit of this work is that the fabric and impurity content of the ice contain details on climate, volcanic activity and ice flow history. Such fabric measurements are currently taken by slicing an ice core into sections after it has started to depressurize which is an extremely time-intensive process that damages the core and does not always preserve the properties of ice in its in-situ state. In addition the ice core usually must be consumed in order to measure the components of the dust. The fabric measurements of this study utilize the concept that singly-scattered light in ice preserves most of its polarization when it is backscattered once from bubbles or dust; therefore, changes to the polarization of singly-backscattered light must originate with the birefringence. Measurements based on this concept will enable this program to obtain continuous records of fabric and correlate them to chronology and dust content. The project will also develop advanced borehole instruments to replace current logging tools, which require optical sources, detectors and power cables to be submerged in borehole fluid and lowered into the ice sheet at temperatures of -50oC. The use of telecommunications fiber will allow all sources and detectors to remain at the surface and enable low-noise signal processing techniques such as lock-in amplification that increase signal integrity and reduce needed power. Further, fiber logging systems would be much smaller and more flexible than current tools and capable of navigating most boreholes without a heavy winch. In order to assess fabric in situ and test fiber-optic borehole tools, field measurements will be made at WAIS Divide and a deep log will also be made at Siple Dome, both in West Antarctica. If successful, the broader impacts of the proposed research would include the development of new analytical methods and lightweight logging tools for ice drilling research that can operate in boreholes drilled in ice. Eventually the work could result in the development of better prehistoric records of glacier flow, atmospheric particulates, precipitation, and climate forcing. The project encompasses a broad base of theoretical, experimental, and design work, which makes it ideal for training graduate students and advanced undergraduates. Collaboration with schools and classroom teachers will help bring aspects of optics, climate, and polar science to an existing Middle School curriculum.	["POLYGON((-148.81 -79.42,-145.111 -79.42,-141.412 -79.42,-137.713 -79.42,-134.014 -79.42,-130.315 -79.42,-126.616 -79.42,-122.917 -79.42,-119.218 -79.42,-115.519 -79.42,-111.82 -79.42,-111.82 -79.643,-111.82 -79.866,-111.82 -80.089,-111.82 -80.312,-111.82 -80.535,-111.82 -80.758,-111.82 -80.981,-111.82 -81.204,-111.82 -81.427,-111.82 -81.65,-115.519 -81.65,-119.218 -81.65,-122.917 -81.65,-126.616 -81.65,-130.315 -81.65,-134.014 -81.65,-137.713 -81.65,-141.412 -81.65,-145.111 -81.65,-148.81 -81.65,-148.81 -81.427,-148.81 -81.204,-148.81 -80.981,-148.81 -80.758,-148.81 -80.535,-148.81 -80.312,-148.81 -80.089,-148.81 -79.866,-148.81 -79.643,-148.81 -79.42))"]
Molecular Level Characterization of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Microbial Diversity in the WAIS Divide Replicate Core	1141936	2015-01-01	Foreman, Christine	Molecular Level Characterization of Dissolved Organic Carbon and Microbial Diversity in the WAIS Divide Replicate Core	This award supports a detailed, molecular level characterization of dissolved organic carbon and microbes in Antarctic ice cores. Using the most modern biological (genomic), geochemical techniques, and advanced chemical instrumentation researchers will 1) optimize protocols for collecting, extracting and amplifying DNA from deep ice cores suitable for use in next generation pyrosequencing; 2) determine the microbial diversity within the ice core; and 3) obtain and analyze detailed molecular characterizations of the carbon in the ice by ultrahigh resolution Fourier Transform Ion Cyclotron Resonance Mass Spectrometry (FT-ICR-MS). With this pilot study investigators will be able to quantify the amount of material (microbial biomass and carbon) required to perform these characterizations, which is needed to inform future ice coring projects. The ultimate goal will be to develop protocols that maximize the yield, while minimizing the amount of ice required. The broader impacts include education and outreach at both the local and national levels. As a faculty mentor with the American Indian Research Opportunities and BRIDGES programs at Montana State University, Foreman will serve as a mentor to a Native American student in the lab during the summer months. Susan Kelly is an Education and Outreach Coordinator with a MS degree in Geology and over 10 years of experience in science outreach. She will coordinate efforts for comprehensive educational collaboration with the Hardin School District on the Crow Indian Reservation in South-central Montana.	["POINT(112.086 79.468)"]
Measurements of Trapped Air from Mullins Valley, Dry Valleys, Antarctica	0636731	2014-11-26	Bender, Michael; Yau, Audrey M.	Collaborative Research: Dating and Paleoenvironmental Studies on Ancient Ice in the Dry Valleys, Antarctica	These data describe the analyses of the elemental and isotopic composition of O2, N2, and Ar and total air content made on the trapped air from three shallow ice cores (<34m depth) collected during the 2009 field campaign to Mullins Valley of the Dry Valleys, Antarctica.	["POINT(160.35 -77.87)"]
Carbonyl Sulfide Measurements in the Taylor Dome M3C1 Ice Core	0636953	2014-10-13	Aydin, Murat; Saltzman, Eric	Methyl Chloride, Methyl Bromide, and Carbonyl Sulfide in Deep Antarctic Ice Cores	The data set includes carbonyl sulfide (COS) measurements made on air extracted from 53 samples from the Taylor Dome M3C1 ice core. COS was measured in air from the Taylor Dome ice core to reconstruct an atmospheric record for the Holocene (11-0 kyr B.P.) and part of the last glacial period (50-30 kyr B.P.).	["POINT(157.4 -77.4)"]
Methyl Chloride Measurements in the Taylor Dome M3C1 Ice Core	0636953	2014-09-10	Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat	Methyl Chloride, Methyl Bromide, and Carbonyl Sulfide in Deep Antarctic Ice Cores	This data set includes methyl chloride (CH<sub>3</sub>CI) measurements made on air extracted from 62 samples from the Taylor Dome M3C1 ice core in East Antarctica. CH<sub>3</sub>CI was measured in air from the Taylor Dome ice core to reconstruct an atmospheric record for the Holocene (11-0 kyr B.P.) and part of the last glacial period (50-30 kyr B.P.).	["POINT(158.43 -77.48)"]
Methyl Bromide Measurements in the Taylor Dome M3C1 Ice Core	0636953	2014-09-10	Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat	Methyl Chloride, Methyl Bromide, and Carbonyl Sulfide in Deep Antarctic Ice Cores	The data set includes methyl bromide (CH3Br) measurements made on air extracted from 70 samples from the Taylor Dome M3C1 ice core. CH3Br was measured in air from the Taylor Dome ice core to reconstruct an atmospheric record for the Holocene (11-0 kyr B.P.) and part of the last glacial period (50-30 kyr B.P.).	["POINT(157.4 -77.44)"]
WAIS Divide Sonic Log Data	0944199	2014-09-03	Waddington, Edwin D.; Matsuoka, Kenichi; Kluskiewicz, Dan; McCarthy, Michael; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar	Collaborative research: acoustic logging of the WAIS Divide borehole	This data set contains a record of speeds for vertically-propagating compression-waves measured throughout the depth of ice that surrounds the WAIS-D borehole. Multiple logs provide redundant measurements for all depths. Data for individual wave-speed measurements were included, as well as 3 m running averages for each log. A Takeaway Profile that represents our interpretation of the combined data set is also included.	["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"]
WAIS Divide Ice Core Electrical Conductance Measurements, Antarctica	0230396 0440819 0440817 0944191 0944348	2014-08-18	Fudge, T. J.; Taylor, Kendrick C.	Collaborative Research: Establishing the Chronology and Histories of Accumulation and Ice Dynamics for the WAIS Divide Core	This data set contains electrical measurements that were used to develop the WDC06A-7 timescale.	["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"]
Bubble Number-density Data and Modeled Paleoclimates	0539578	2014-08-14	Alley, Richard; Fegyveresi, John	No project link provided	This data set includes bubble number-density measured at depths from 120 meters to 560 meters at 20-meter intervals in both horizontal and vertical samples. The data set also includes modeled temperature reconstructions based on the model developed by Spencer and others (2006).	["POINT(-112.3 -79.433333)"]
High-resolution Atmospheric CO2 during 7.4-9.0 ka	0944764	2014-06-25	Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho	Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change	This data set provides a new CO2 record from the Siple Dome ice core, Antarctica, that covers 7.4-9.0 ka (thousand years) with 8- to 16-year resolution. A small, about 1-2 ppm, increase of atmospheric CO2 during the 8.2 ka event was observed. The increase is not significant when compared to other centennial variations in the Holocene that are not linked to large temperature changes. The results do not agree with leaf stomata records that suggest a CO2 decrease of up to ~25 ppm and imply that the sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 to the primarily northern hemisphere cooling of the 8.2 ka event was limited.	["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"]
Temperature Profile of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Deep Borehole	0539232	2014-04-30	Cuffey, Kurt M.; Clow, Gary D.	Collaborative Research: Physical Properties of the WAIS Divide Deep Core	This data set reports depth versus temperatures in the fluid-filled portion of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS–D) deep borehole (70 to 3328 meters depth). Data were acquired on December 5, 2011 and have been post-processed to convert resistance to temperature.	["POINT(-112.0865 -79.4676)"]
WAIS Divide Laser Dust Logger Data	0738658	2014-04-03	Bay, Ryan	Climatology, Meteorology, and Microbial Metabolism in Ice with Dust Loggers and Fluorimetry	This data set consists of data from optical logs made at the WAIS Divide with a laser dust logger in clear ice at depths between 1403.58 meters and 3329.8 meters.	["POINT(-112.135833 -79.482778)"]
Major Ion Chemistry Data of WAIS Divide Ice Core Brittle Ice	0839066	2014-03-19	Cole-Dai, Jihong	Major Ion Chemical Analysis of Brittle Ice in the WAIS Divide Ice Core	The brittle ice section (577-1300 m) of the main WAIS Divide ice core (WDC06A) was analyzed for major ion concentrations with ion chromatography.	["POINT(-112.1 -79.5)"]
Measurements of Air and Snow Photochemical Species at WAIS Divide, Antarctica	0636929	2014-03-17	Bales, Roger	Atmospheric, Snow and Firn Chemistry Studies for Interpretation of WAIS-Divide Cores	This data set contains atmospheric mixing ratios of nitric oxide, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, and concentrations in surface snow and in snow pits of nitrate, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide at the WAIS Divide deep ice-coring site.	["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"]
Late Holocene Methane Concentrations from WAIS Divide and GISP2	0538538 0944584 0538578	2014-01-31	Mitchell, Logan E	Collaborative Research: Constructing an Ultra-high Resolution Atmospheric Methane Record for the Last 140,000 Years from WAIS Divide Core.	This data set measures methane concentrations in ancient air trapped in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide and Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP2) ice cores; presenting two, high-resolution ice core methane records of the past 2500 years, one from each pole. These measurements were used to reconstruct the methane Inter-Polar Difference (IPD) during the late Holocene. Also included are model results of methane emissions that were presented in the manuscript describing this data set.	["POINT(-38.5 72.6)", "POINT(-112.0865 -79.4676)"]
Major Ion Concentrations in WDC05Q and WDC06A Ice Cores (WAIS Divide)	0538553	2014-01-08	Cole-Dai, Jihong	Major Ion Chemistry of WAIS Divide Ice Core	This data set contains major ion concentrations from the chemical analysis of two WAIS Divide ice cores (WDC05Q, 0-114 m; WDC06A, 0-129 m). The analytical technique is Mettler-based Continuous Flow Analysis with online Ion Chromatography detection (CFA-IC). Depth resolution is approximately 2 cm per sample or per measurement.	["POINT(-112 -79.5)"]
Exploring A 2 Million + Year Ice Climate Archive-Allan Hills Blue Ice Area (2MBIA)	0838849	2014-01-01	Bender, Michael	Collaborative Research: Exploring A 2 Million + Year Ice Climate Archive-Allan Hills Blue Ice Area (2MBIA)	This award supports a project to generate an absolute timescale for the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area (BIA), and then to reconstruct details of past climate changes and greenhouse gas concentrations for certain time periods back to 2.5 Ma. Ice ages will be determined by applying emerging methods for absolute and relative dating of trapped air bubbles (based on Argon-40/Argon-38, delta-18O of O2, and the O2/N2 ratio). To demonstrate the potential of the Allan Hills BIAs as a paleoclimate archive trenches and ice cores will be collected for age intervals corresponding to 110-140 ka, 1 Ma, and 2.5 Ma. During the proposed two field seasons a total of 6x100 m and additional 15 m cores will be combined with trenching. The intellectual merit of the proposed activity is that the results of this work will extend the landmark work of EPICA and other deep ice coring efforts, which give records dating back to 0.8 Ma, and will complement work planned by IPICS to drill a continuous Antarctic ice core extending to 1.5 Ma. The results will help to advance understanding of major climate regimes and transitions that took place between 0-2.5 Ma, including the 40 kyr world and the mid-Pleistocene climate transition. A major long-term scientific goal is to provide a transformative approach to the collection of paleoclimate records by establishing an 'International Climate Park' in the Allan Hills BIA that would enable sampling of large quantities of known age ice as old as 2.5 Ma, by any interested American or foreign investigator. The broader impacts resulting from the proposed activity include training students who are well versed in advanced field, laboratory and numerical modeling methods combining geochemistry, glaciology, and paleoclimatology. We will include material relevant to our proposed research in our ongoing efforts in local education and in our outreach efforts for media. The University of Maine already has cyberinfrastructure, using state of the art web-based technology, which can provide a wide community of scientists with fast access to the results of our research. The work will contribute to the broad array of climate change studies that is informing worldwide understanding of natural and anthropogenic forced climate change, and the options for responding. This award has field work in Antarctica.	["POLYGON((159.16667 -76.66667,159.19167 -76.66667,159.21667 -76.66667,159.24167 -76.66667,159.26667 -76.66667,159.29167 -76.66667,159.31667 -76.66667,159.34167 -76.66667,159.36667 -76.66667,159.39167 -76.66667,159.41667 -76.66667,159.41667 -76.673336,159.41667 -76.680002,159.41667 -76.686668,159.41667 -76.693334,159.41667 -76.7,159.41667 -76.706666,159.41667 -76.713332,159.41667 -76.719998,159.41667 -76.726664,159.41667 -76.73333,159.39167 -76.73333,159.36667 -76.73333,159.34167 -76.73333,159.31667 -76.73333,159.29167 -76.73333,159.26667 -76.73333,159.24167 -76.73333,159.21667 -76.73333,159.19167 -76.73333,159.16667 -76.73333,159.16667 -76.726664,159.16667 -76.719998,159.16667 -76.713332,159.16667 -76.706666,159.16667 -76.7,159.16667 -76.693334,159.16667 -76.686668,159.16667 -76.680002,159.16667 -76.673336,159.16667 -76.66667))"]
Dating and Paleoenvironmental Studies on Ancient Ice in the Dry Valleys, Antarctica	0636731	2014-01-01	Bender, Michael	Collaborative Research: Dating and Paleoenvironmental Studies on Ancient Ice in the Dry Valleys, Antarctica	This project studies ancient ice buried in the Dry Valleys of Antarctica. The ice, which may approach ten million years in age, will be dated using argon and uranium radioisotope techniques. High-risk work, if successful it will offer the first and perhaps only samples of the Earth's atmosphere from millions of years in the past. These samples could offer critically important tests of paleoclimate records and proxies, as well as a glimpse into the characteristics of a past world much like the predicted future, warmer Earth. The broader impacts are graduate student education, and potentially contributing to society's understanding of global climate change and sea level rise.	["POLYGON((-180 -72.6,-176.887 -72.6,-173.774 -72.6,-170.661 -72.6,-167.548 -72.6,-164.435 -72.6,-161.322 -72.6,-158.209 -72.6,-155.096 -72.6,-151.983 -72.6,-148.87 -72.6,-148.87 -73.533,-148.87 -74.466,-148.87 -75.399,-148.87 -76.332,-148.87 -77.265,-148.87 -78.198,-148.87 -79.131,-148.87 -80.064,-148.87 -80.997,-148.87 -81.93,-151.983 -81.93,-155.096 -81.93,-158.209 -81.93,-161.322 -81.93,-164.435 -81.93,-167.548 -81.93,-170.661 -81.93,-173.774 -81.93,-176.887 -81.93,180 -81.93,174.335 -81.93,168.67 -81.93,163.005 -81.93,157.34 -81.93,151.675 -81.93,146.01 -81.93,140.345 -81.93,134.68 -81.93,129.015 -81.93,123.35 -81.93,123.35 -80.997,123.35 -80.064,123.35 -79.131,123.35 -78.198,123.35 -77.265,123.35 -76.332,123.35 -75.399,123.35 -74.466,123.35 -73.533,123.35 -72.6,129.015 -72.6,134.68 -72.6,140.345 -72.6,146.01 -72.6,151.675 -72.6,157.34 -72.6,163.005 -72.6,168.67 -72.6,174.335 -72.6,-180 -72.6))"]
Major Ion Concentrations in 2004 South Pole Ice Core	0337933	2013-11-19	Cole-Dai, Jihong	Collaborative Research: Investigating Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics through Oxygen and Sulfur Isotopes in Volcanic Sulfate from South Pole Ice Cores	A 180 m ice core drilled at South Pole in 2004/2005 was analyzed for concentrations of major ions at a depth resolution of approximately 2 cm. Measured ions are chloride, nitrate, sulfate, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. The bottom of the core has been dated to 1830 years before 2004.	["POINT(0 -90)"]
Abrupt Change in Atmospheric CO2 During the Last Ice Age	0944764	2013-08-08	Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho	Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change	During the last glacial period atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature in Antarctica varied in a similar fashion on millennial time scales, but previous work indicates that these changes were gradual. In a detailed analysis of one event, we now find that approximately half of the CO2 increase that occurred during the 1500 year cold period between Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) Events 8 and 9 happened rapidly, over less than two centuries. This rise in CO2 was synchronous with, or slightly later than, a rapid increase of Antarctic temperature inferred from stable isotopes.	["POINT(-119.83 -80.01)", "POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"]
US International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (US ITASE) Glaciochemical Data	9725057 0837883	2013-07-11	Dixon, Daniel A.; Mayewski, Paul A.	Science Management for the United States Component of the International Trans-Antarctic Expedition	This data set contains sub-annually resolved ice core chemistry data from various sites on the Antarctic Ice Sheet during the US International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (US ITASE) deployments. Researchers conducted experiments approximately every 30 - 300 km looking for clues representing climatic conditions over the past 200-1000+ years. Ice cores obtained for the glaciochemical component of the US ITASE research were analyzed for soluble major ion content and in some cases trace elements. Extreme events, such as volcanic eruptions, provide absolute age horizons within each core that are easily identified in chemical profiles. Our chemical analysis is also useful for quantifying anthropogenic impact, biogeochemical cycling, and for reconstructing past atmospheric circulation patterns.	["POLYGON((-76.1 -77.68,-53.253 -77.68,-30.406 -77.68,-7.559 -77.68,15.288 -77.68,38.135 -77.68,60.982 -77.68,83.829 -77.68,106.676 -77.68,129.523 -77.68,152.37 -77.68,152.37 -78.912,152.37 -80.144,152.37 -81.376,152.37 -82.608,152.37 -83.84,152.37 -85.072,152.37 -86.304,152.37 -87.536,152.37 -88.768,152.37 -90,129.523 -90,106.676 -90,83.829 -90,60.982 -90,38.135 -90,15.288 -90,-7.559 -90,-30.406 -90,-53.253 -90,-76.1 -90,-76.1 -88.768,-76.1 -87.536,-76.1 -86.304,-76.1 -85.072,-76.1 -83.84,-76.1 -82.608,-76.1 -81.376,-76.1 -80.144,-76.1 -78.912,-76.1 -77.68))"]
West Antarctica Ice Core and Climate Model Data	0837988	2013-03-13	Steig, Eric J.	Collaborative Research: Antarctic Climate Reconstruction Utilizing the US ITASE Ice Core Array (2009- 2012)	This data set includes ice core water isotope data from Antarctic ice cores covering the last 200 to 2000 years.	["POLYGON((-180 -65,-144 -65,-108 -65,-72 -65,-36 -65,0 -65,36 -65,72 -65,108 -65,144 -65,180 -65,180 -67.5,180 -70,180 -72.5,180 -75,180 -77.5,180 -80,180 -82.5,180 -85,180 -87.5,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87.5,-180 -85,-180 -82.5,-180 -80,-180 -77.5,-180 -75,-180 -72.5,-180 -70,-180 -67.5,-180 -65))"]
Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System (LARISSA) - Cryosphere and Oceans	0732655	2013-01-01	Thompson, Lonnie G.; Mosley-Thompson, Ellen	Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans	Like no other region on Earth, the northern Antarctic Peninsula represents a spectacular natural laboratory of climate change and provides the opportunity to study the record of past climate and ecological shifts alongside the present-day changes in one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth. This award supported the cryospheric and oceanographic components of an integrated multi-disciplinary program to address these rapid and fundamental changes now taking place in Antarctic Peninsula (AP). By making use of a marine research platform (the RV NB Palmer and on-board helicopters) and additional logistical support from the Argentine Antarctic program, the project brought together glaciologists, oceanographers, marine geologists and biologists who have worked collaboratively to address fundamental interdisciplinary questions regarding climate change.	["POLYGON((-63 -60,-62.6 -60,-62.2 -60,-61.8 -60,-61.4 -60,-61 -60,-60.6 -60,-60.2 -60,-59.8 -60,-59.4 -60,-59 -60,-59 -60.5,-59 -61,-59 -61.5,-59 -62,-59 -62.5,-59 -63,-59 -63.5,-59 -64,-59 -64.5,-59 -65,-59.4 -65,-59.8 -65,-60.2 -65,-60.6 -65,-61 -65,-61.4 -65,-61.8 -65,-62.2 -65,-62.6 -65,-63 -65,-63 -64.5,-63 -64,-63 -63.5,-63 -63,-63 -62.5,-63 -62,-63 -61.5,-63 -61,-63 -60.5,-63 -60))"]
The Sea Ice System in Antarctic Summer, Oden Southern Ocean Expedition (OSO 2010-11)	0839053	2013-01-01	Ackley, Stephen	The Sea Ice System in Antarctic Summer, Oden Southern Ocean Expedition (OSO 2010-11)	Several aspect of the seasonal melting and reformation cycle of Antarctic sea ice appear to be divergent from those occurring in the Arctic. This is most clearly demonstrated by the dramatic diminishing extent and thinning of the Arctic sea ice, to be contrasted to the changes in Antarctic sea-ice extent, which recently (decadaly) shows small increases. Current climate models do not resolve this discrepancy which likely results from both a lack of relevant observational sea-ice data in the Antarctic, along with inadequacies in the physical parameterization of sea-ice properties in climate models. Researchers will take advantage of the cruise track of the I/B Oden during transit through the Antarctic sea-ice zones in the region of the Bellingshausen, Amundsen and Ross (BAR) seas on a cruise to McMurdo Station. Because of its remoteness and inaccessibility, the BAR region is of considerable scientific interest as being one of the last under described and perhaps unexploited marine ecosystems left on the planet. A series of on station and underway observations of sea ice properties will be undertaken, thematically linked to broader questions of summer ice survival and baseline physical properties (e.g. estimates of heat and salt fluxes). In situ spatiotemporal variability of sea-ice cover extent, thickness and snow cover depths will be observed.	["POLYGON((-180 -67.05,-170.9866 -67.05,-161.9732 -67.05,-152.9598 -67.05,-143.9464 -67.05,-134.933 -67.05,-125.9196 -67.05,-116.9062 -67.05,-107.8928 -67.05,-98.8794 -67.05,-89.866 -67.05,-89.866 -68.1033,-89.866 -69.1566,-89.866 -70.2099,-89.866 -71.2632,-89.866 -72.3165,-89.866 -73.3698,-89.866 -74.4231,-89.866 -75.4764,-89.866 -76.5297,-89.866 -77.583,-98.8794 -77.583,-107.8928 -77.583,-116.9062 -77.583,-125.9196 -77.583,-134.933 -77.583,-143.9464 -77.583,-152.9598 -77.583,-161.9732 -77.583,-170.9866 -77.583,180 -77.583,178.57 -77.583,177.14 -77.583,175.71 -77.583,174.28 -77.583,172.85 -77.583,171.42 -77.583,169.99 -77.583,168.56 -77.583,167.13 -77.583,165.7 -77.583,165.7 -76.5297,165.7 -75.4764,165.7 -74.4231,165.7 -73.3698,165.7 -72.3165,165.7 -71.2632,165.7 -70.2099,165.7 -69.1566,165.7 -68.1033,165.7 -67.05,167.13 -67.05,168.56 -67.05,169.99 -67.05,171.42 -67.05,172.85 -67.05,174.28 -67.05,175.71 -67.05,177.14 -67.05,178.57 -67.05,-180 -67.05))"]
Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica	0739681 0739698	2013-01-01	Murray, Alison	Collaborative Research: Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica	Lake Vida is the largest lake of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, with an approximately 20 m ice cover overlaying a brine of unknown depth with at least 7 times seawater salinity and temperatures below -10 degrees C year-round. Samples of brine collected from ice above the main water body contain 1) the highest nitrous oxide levels of any natural water body on Earth, 2) unusual geochemistry including anomalously high ammonia and iron concentrations, 3) high microbial counts with an unusual proportion (99%) of ultramicrobacteria. The microbial community is unique even compared to other Dry Valley Lakes. The research proposes to enter, for the first time the main brine body below the thick ice of Lake Vida and perform in situ measurements, collect samples of the brine column, and collect sediment cores from the lake bottom for detailed geochemical and microbiological analyses. The results will allow the characterization of present and past life in the lake, assessment of modern and past sedimentary processes, and determination of the lake's history. The research will be conducted by a multidisciplinary team that will uncover the biogeochemical processes associated with a non-photosynthetic microbial community isolated for a significant period of time. This research will address diversity, adaptive mechanisms and evolutionary processes in the context of the physical evolution of the environment of Lake Vida. Results will be widely disseminated through publications, presentations at national and international meetings, through the Subglacial Antarctic Lake Exploration (SALE) web site and the McMurdo LTER web site. The research will support three graduate students and three undergraduate research assistants. The results will be incorporated into a new undergraduate biogeosciences course at the University of Illinois at Chicago which has an extremely diverse student body, dominated by minorities.	["POINT(161.931 -77.3885)"]
Ice Core Chemistry from the Norwegian-U.S. Scientific Traverse of East Antarctica, IPY 2007-2009	0538416	2012-08-08	McConnell, Joseph	Collaborative Research: Norwegian-United States IPY Scientific Traverse: Climate Variability and Glaciology in East Antarctica	This data set consists of sodium (Na) and magnesium (Mg) concentrations versus depth in seven ice cores that were obtained by the Norwegian-U.S. Scientific Traverse of East Antarctica during the International Polar Year (IPY) 2007-2009. Additional glaciochemical analyses and a final depth-age scale will be added as these data become available. Data are available via FTP.	["POLYGON((-54.9 -73.7,-49.57 -73.7,-44.24 -73.7,-38.91 -73.7,-33.58 -73.7,-28.25 -73.7,-22.92 -73.7,-17.59 -73.7,-12.26 -73.7,-6.93 -73.7,-1.6 -73.7,-1.6 -74.61,-1.6 -75.52,-1.6 -76.43,-1.6 -77.34,-1.6 -78.25,-1.6 -79.16,-1.6 -80.07,-1.6 -80.98,-1.6 -81.89,-1.6 -82.8,-6.93 -82.8,-12.26 -82.8,-17.59 -82.8,-22.92 -82.8,-28.25 -82.8,-33.58 -82.8,-38.91 -82.8,-44.24 -82.8,-49.57 -82.8,-54.9 -82.8,-54.9 -81.89,-54.9 -80.98,-54.9 -80.07,-54.9 -79.16,-54.9 -78.25,-54.9 -77.34,-54.9 -76.43,-54.9 -75.52,-54.9 -74.61,-54.9 -73.7))"]
Light Absorption Coefficients for Soluble Species in Snow, Dome C, Antarctica	0230288	2012-06-26	Anastasio, Cort; Robles, Tony	Laboratory Studies of Photochemistry in Antarctic Snow and Ice	This data set contains light absorption coefficients for soluble chromophores (light-absorbing chemicals) and concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (HOOH) and nitrate (NO3-) in ten snow samples that were collected in 2003 at Dome C, Antarctica. Data are available via FTP.	["POINT(-123.3 -75.1)"]
Methane Concentrations from the WAIS Divide Ice Core (WDC06A), 60 to 11,300 ybp	0538538	2012-04-19	Sowers, Todd A.	Collaborative Research: Constructing an Ultra-high Resolution Atmospheric Methane Record for the Last 140,000 Years from WAIS Divide Core.	This data set contains a high-resolution history of atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations in parts per billion (ppb) from approximately 60 to 11,300 years before present (ybp), obtained in 2010 from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Ice Core WDC06A. Gas age is derived from the WDC06A-5 ice age scale. Data are available via FTP as a Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx).	["POINT(-112.086483 -79.46763)"]
Microparticle, Conductivity, and Density Measurements from the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core, Antarctica	0636740	2011-10-01	Kreutz, Karl; Hamilton, Gordon S.; Breton, Daniel; Koffman, Bess	Collaborative Research: Microparticle/tephra analysis of the WAIS Divide ice core	This data set includes microparticle concentration, electrical conductivity, and density measurements from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide deep ice core, WDC06A. Microparticle concentration data are reported as total particles per ml of meltwater. Concentration was measured using a laser detector and the University of Maine WAIS Melt Monitor system. Conductivity is measured in micro-Siemens per cm (uS/cm). Density data were collected on 3 by 3 by 100 cm sticks from the WDC06A core, using the Maine Automated Density Gauge Experiment (MADGE). Density data span 0 to 160 m in depth, while the particle and conductivity measurements span the upper 577 m of the core. Data are available via FTP in ASCII text format (.txt).	["POINT(112.088333 -79.482778)", "POINT(-112.088333 -79.482778)"]
Methane Concentration and Chronology from the WAIS Divide Ice Core (WDC05A)	0739780 0538578 0520523 0538538 0538427	2011-05-27	McConnell, Joseph; Brook, Edward J.; Mitchell, Logan E; Sowers, Todd A.; Taylor, Kendrick C.	Collaborative Research: Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the Proposed WAIS Divide Drilling Site	This data set provides a high-precision and high-resolution record of atmospheric methane from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core WDC05A, spanning the years 1000 to 1800 C.E. The data include methane (CH4) concentration measurements and ice age chronology. Methane concentration data include mean sample depth, gas age, mean concentration, and concentrations from individual measurements, at a temporal resolution of approximately nine years. Ice chronology data include depth and ice age. Data are available via FTP, in Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) format.	["POINT(112.09 -79.47)"]
WAIS DIVIDE - High Temporal Resolution Black Carbon Record of Southern Hemisphere Biomass Burning	0739780	2011-01-01	Taylor, Kendrick C.	WAIS DIVIDE - High Temporal Resolution Black Carbon Record of Southern Hemisphere Biomass Burning	This award supports a project to develop a 2,000-year high-temporal resolution record of biomass burning from the analysis of black carbon in the WAIS Divide bedrock ice core. Pilot data for the WAIS WD05A core demonstrates that we now have the ability to reconstruct this record with minimal impact on the amount of ice available for other projects. The intellectual merit of this project is that black carbon (BC) aerosols result solely from combustion and play a critical but poorly quantified role in global climate forcing and the carbon cycle. When incorporated into snow and ice, BC increases absorption of solar radiation making seasonal snow packs, mountain glaciers, polar ice sheets, and sea ice much more vulnerable to climate warming. BC emissions in the Southern Hemisphere are dominated by biomass burning in the tropical regions of Southern Africa, South America and South Asia. Biomass burning, which results from both climate and human activities, alters the atmospheric composition of greenhouse gases, aerosols and perturbs key biogeochemical cycles. A long-term record of biomass burning is needed to aid in the interpretation of ice core gas composition and will provide important information regarding human impacts on the environment and climate before instrumental records.	["POINT(-112.117 -79.666)"]
Multiple Isotope Analysis of Sulfate in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Ice Core	0538520	2010-11-01	Thiemens, Mark H.	Collaborative Research: Multiple-isotope Analysis of Nitrate and Sulfate in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Ice Core	This data set contains measurements of multiple sulfur and oxygen isotopes from sulfates, from an ice core drilled at the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide site in 2005. The initial sulfate measurements, analyzed in 2008 from the 70 meter WAIS 2005A core, are 12 meter averages and span the pre-industrial to industrial transition, from the late 1700s to 2005. This data set is part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide Ice Core (WAISCORES) project. Data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) format.	["POINT(-114.216667 -78.916667)"]
Ion Concentrations from SPRESSO Ice Core, Antarctica	0636506	2010-07-01	Mayewski, Paul A.; Korotkikh, Elena	Collaborative Proposal: 2000+ Year Detailed, Calibrated Climate Reconstruction from a South Pole Ice Core Set in an Antarctic - Global Scale Context	This data set contains ion measurements from co-registered samples from the South Pole Remote Earth Science and Seismological Observatory (SPRESSO) ice core. The core was drilled during the 2002-2003 field season as part of the International Trans-Antarctic Science Expedition (ITASE). Samples were collected for ion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry and stable water isotope analysis. Parameters include measurements of ion concentrations in ice core samples. The data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel format (.xls).	["POINT(-144.39 -89.93)"]
Microstructural Location and Composition of Impurities in Polar Ice Cores	9980379 0440523	2010-02-15	Baker, Ian; Obbard, Rachel	The Physical Properties of the US ITASE Firn and Ice Cores from South Pole to Taylor Dome	This data set contains measurements of impurities and ions in three polar ice cores: the Vostok 5G ice core and the Byrd ice core from Antarctica, and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) D core. Parameters include sample depth, grain size, ion concentration, and ice core impurity information. Measurements were made using Ion Chromatography (IC), optical microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel (.xls)and Microsoft Word (.doc) formats.	["POINT(-38.466667 72.583333)", "POINT(106.8 -72.466667)", "POINT(-119.516667 -80.016667)"]
WAIS Divide Ice Core Images, Antarctica	0440817 0230149 0637004	2010-02-10	McGwire, Kenneth C.	Investigation of Climate, Ice Dynamics and Biology using a Deep Ice Core from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Ice Divide	This data set is comprised of optical images of ice core sections, acquired with a digital line-scan camera in the cold room facility at the U.S. National Ice Core Laboratory (NICL). Ice core sections are archival cuts which have rough-out rounds of ice with a single plane cut along one side. Ice sections were illuminated with fiber optic light guides connected to a 1000 watt (W) xenon light source. Original scan resolution varies from about 0.05 mm to 0.1 mm, and is documented in the metadata for each image. Images are in uncompressed Tagged Image File (.tif) form, with resolutions of 1.0 mm and 0.1 mm. Depth of image in the ice core is documented in the metadata files for each image. Data are available via FTP as .tif image files. Supporting information is available as ASCII text files (.txt), and other file formats readable with a freely available image processing program, IceImageJ.	["POINT(-112.083333 -79.466667)"]
Methane Measurements from the GISP2 and Siple Dome Ice Cores	0520523	2009-12-09	Brook, Edward J.	Collaborative Research: New insights into the Holocene methane budget from dual isotope systematics and a high resolution record of the interpolar gradient	This data set contains methane measurements made in trapped air in the Holocene sections of two ice cores: the Siple Dome ice core in Antarctica, and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core in Greenland. The measurements were made at Oregon State University between 2007 and 2009. Measurements were made relative to the NOAA04 methane concentration scale using a working standard internally calibrated to NOAA certified air standards. Concentrations are corrected for gravitational fractionation and solubility effects in the melt-refreeze extraction. Data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel (.xls) format.	["POINT(-38.466667 73.583333)", "POINT(-148.81 -81.65)"]
Methane Isotopes from the WAIS Divide Ice Core	0440759	2009-12-01	Sowers, Todd A.	Collaborative Research: Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the Proposed WAIS Divide Drilling Site	This data set includes methane (CH4) isotope data from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core, WDC05A, in Antarctica. The data include depth, gas age, and the isotopic composition of methane (∂13C and ∂D of CH4). The ice core was collected during the 2005-2006 Antarctic field season. The CH4 isotope data was generated in 2008 using wet extraction methodology. Samples span the last 1,000 years, at a resolution of about 15 years. Data for samples above 69 meters were from firn air, and data below 69 meters from ice. The dating of the ice was based on continuous chemical analyses above 69 meters and Electrical Conductivity/Dielectric Property (ECM/DEP) measurements from ice. Dating uncertainty is estimated to be better than five years. Data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel (.xls) tab delimited format	["POINT(112.09 -79.47)"]
US ITASE Stable Isotope Data, Antarctica	0196105 0440414	2009-10-01	Steig, Eric J.	Stable Isotope Studies at West Antarctic ITASE Sites	This data set includes stable isotope measurements from snow pits, firn, and ice cores collected by the the US component of the International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition ( ITASE). The ITASE program aims to collect and interpret a continental-wide array of environmental parameters assembled through the coordinated efforts of scientists from several nations. These data were collected between 1999 and 2007. The data have been compiled into single files for each sampling site, though in some cases a file contains data from more than one ice core or snow pit. Each file in the data set includes deuterium/hydrogen (δD) and/or 18-oxygen/16-oxygen (δ18O) ratios, depths, and in some cases ice age or other information. Further details regarding the data are provided in each data file. Data are available via FTP in ASCII text format (.txt). Data were collected during five Antarctic field seasons from 1999 to 2007. Data from 1999 to 2002 are currently available. Data from 2003 to 2007 will be added in the future.	["POLYGON((-130 -65,-125.8 -65,-121.6 -65,-117.4 -65,-113.2 -65,-109 -65,-104.8 -65,-100.6 -65,-96.4 -65,-92.2 -65,-88 -65,-88 -67.5,-88 -70,-88 -72.5,-88 -75,-88 -77.5,-88 -80,-88 -82.5,-88 -85,-88 -87.5,-88 -90,-92.2 -90,-96.4 -90,-100.6 -90,-104.8 -90,-109 -90,-113.2 -90,-117.4 -90,-121.6 -90,-125.8 -90,-130 -90,-130 -87.5,-130 -85,-130 -82.5,-130 -80,-130 -77.5,-130 -75,-130 -72.5,-130 -70,-130 -67.5,-130 -65))"]
Digital Imaging for Siple Dome Ice Core Analysis, Antarctica	9615554	2009-09-03	Alley, Richard; Fitzpatrick, Joan; Spencer, Matthew	Digital Imaging for Ice Core Analysis	This data set contains high-resolution digital images of thin and thick sections cut from the 1003 meter Siple Dome A main ice core. The images are useful for crystal size and orientation analysis and bubble size, shape, distribution, and number density determinations. The data set contains several generations of images, taken between June 1998 and May 2005. An accompanying spreadsheet contains creation date information for each file. The data are available via FTP in Adobe Photoshop Document (.psd), and Tagged Image File (.tif) formats. Additional information is provided as a Microsoft Excel (.xls) spreadsheet.	["POINT(-148.816667 -80.666667)"]
Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the WAIS Drilling Site, Antarctica	0440602	2009-07-30	Saltzman, Eric	Collaborative Research: Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the Proposed WAIS Divide Drilling Site	This data set contains trace gas measurements of air extracted from ice core samples from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide A core (WAIS-D 05A). The WAIS A core was dry-drilled at the WAIS site during the 2005-2006 Antarctic field season. Data include trace gas species including ethane (C2H6), propane (C3H8), n-butane (n-C4H10), carbonyl sulfide (COS), carbon disulfide (CS2), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), methyl bromide (CH3Br), acetonitrile (CH3CN), and chlorofluorocarbon-12 (CFC-12), for 57 ice core samples. The data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel (.xls) file format.	["POINT(112.09 -79.47)"]
Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the Siple Dome and Byrd Ice Cores, Antarctica	0440975	2009-07-17	Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.	Nitrogen and oxygen gas isotopes in the Siple Dome and Byrd ice cores	This data set consists of Gas-isotopic data from the Siple Dome and and Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice cores covering roughly the last 100,000 years (100 ka), consisting of d15N (15N/14N) of N2, d18O (18O/16O) of O2, dO2/N2, and dAr/N2. Derived parameters include d18Oatm, d15N, dO2/N2, and dAr/N2. Data are available via FTP as ASCII text files (.txt) and Microsoft Excel files (.xls).	["POINT(-119.533333 -80.016667)"]
Late Holocene Climate Variability, Dry Valleys, Antarctica	0228052	2009-07-01	Kreutz, Karl; Mayewski, Paul A.	Dry Valleys Late Holocene Climate Variability	This data set includes high-resolution ice core records from the Dry Valleys region of Antarctica, and provides interpretations of interannual to decadal-scale climate variability during the last 2000 years (late Holocene). Intermediate-length ice cores (100 to 200 meters) were drilled at four sites along transects in the Taylor and Wright valleys, and analyzed for stable isotopes and major ions. The data set includes high-resolution ice core data for each study site. It also includes mass balance, borehole temperature, and snowpit data for each site, and Global Positioning System (GPS) velocity data for some of the sites. Snow pit data from three additional sites in the same region is also available. Data are available via FTP, in Microsoft Excel (.xls), ASCII text (.txt), and Microsoft Word (.doc) file formats.	["POLYGON((161.04 -77.3,161.239 -77.3,161.438 -77.3,161.637 -77.3,161.836 -77.3,162.035 -77.3,162.234 -77.3,162.433 -77.3,162.632 -77.3,162.831 -77.3,163.03 -77.3,163.03 -77.378,163.03 -77.456,163.03 -77.534,163.03 -77.612,163.03 -77.69,163.03 -77.768,163.03 -77.846,163.03 -77.924,163.03 -78.002,163.03 -78.08,162.831 -78.08,162.632 -78.08,162.433 -78.08,162.234 -78.08,162.035 -78.08,161.836 -78.08,161.637 -78.08,161.438 -78.08,161.239 -78.08,161.04 -78.08,161.04 -78.002,161.04 -77.924,161.04 -77.846,161.04 -77.768,161.04 -77.69,161.04 -77.612,161.04 -77.534,161.04 -77.456,161.04 -77.378,161.04 -77.3))"]
Twenty-Three Century-scale Ice Core Records of Hydrogen Peroxide (H2O2) from West Antarctica	9814810	2009-06-01	McConnell, Joseph; Bales, Roger; Frey, Markus	Hydrogen Peroxide, Formaldehyde, and Sub-Annual Snow Accumulation in West Antarctica: Participation in West Antarctic Traverse	This data set contains sub-annually resolved concentrations of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), snow, firn and ice from 23 sites on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS).	["POLYGON((-124 -76,-120 -76,-116 -76,-112 -76,-108 -76,-104 -76,-100 -76,-96 -76,-92 -76,-88 -76,-84 -76,-84 -77.4,-84 -78.8,-84 -80.2,-84 -81.6,-84 -83,-84 -84.4,-84 -85.8,-84 -87.2,-84 -88.6,-84 -90,-88 -90,-92 -90,-96 -90,-100 -90,-104 -90,-108 -90,-112 -90,-116 -90,-120 -90,-124 -90,-124 -88.6,-124 -87.2,-124 -85.8,-124 -84.4,-124 -83,-124 -81.6,-124 -80.2,-124 -78.8,-124 -77.4,-124 -76))"]
Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites	0440414	2009-01-01	Steig, Eric J.	Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites	This award supports a project to obtain stable isotope profiles from shallow (<100 m) ice cores from East Antarctica, to add to the growing database of environmental proxy data collected under the auspices of the "ITASE" (International TransAntarctic Scientific Expedition) program. In Antarctica, the instrumental record of climate is particularly short (~40 years except in a few isolated locations on the coast), and ice core proxy data are the only means available for extending this record into the past. The use of stable isotopes of water (18-O/16-O and D/H ratios) from ice cores as proxies for temperature is well established for both very short (i.e. seasonal) and long timescales (centuries, millennia). Using multivariate regression methods and shallow ice cores from West Antarctica, a reconstruction of Antarctic climate over the last ~150 years has been developed which suggests the continent has been warming, on average, at a rate of ~0.2 K/century. Further improving these reconstructions is the chief motivation for further extending the US ITASE project. Ten to fifteen shallow (~100 m) from Victoria Land, East Antarctica will be obtained and analyzed. The core will be collected along a traverse route beginning at Taylor Dome and ending at the South Pole. Age-depth relationships for the cores will be determined through a combination of stable isotopes, visual stratigraphy and seasonal chemical signatures and marker horizons. Reconstructions of Antarctic climate obtained from these cores will be incorporated into the global network of paleoclimate information, which has been important in science, policy and educational contexts. The project will include graduate student and postdoctoral training and field experience.	["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"]
Solar activity during the last millennium, estimated from cosmogenic in-situ C14 in South Pole and GISP2 ice cores	0538683	2009-01-01	Lal, Devendra	Solar Activity during the Last Millennium, Estimated from Cosmogenic in-situ 14C in South Pole and GISP2 Ice Cores	The principal aim of this research is to determine the precise manner in which solar activity has varied in the past 1000 years. During this period, four periods of very low solar activity have been identified: Wolf (1305-1345 AD), Spoerer (1418-1540 AD), Maunder (1645-1715), and one period of high solar activity (1100-1250 A.D.) have been deduced based on available historical records of sunspot numbers and aurora. Our proposal aims to study the solar activity during the past 1000 years in detail using a new method, based on studies of polar ice, as developed earlier (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 234, 335-349, 2005). The method is based on the fact that greater solar activity leads to production of greater magnetic fields in the heliosphere, which reduces the primary cosmic ray flux in the near Earth environment, and vice-versa. Consequently if one can measure the primary cosmic ray flux in the near Earth space, it becomes a direct measure of the solar activity. Lal et al. (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 234, 335-349, 2005) concluded that the best way of measuring the primary cosmic ray flux would be to measure the concentration of cosmogenic in-situ produced 14C in polar ice sheets, which was discovered by Lal et al. (Nature 346, 350-352, 1990). Following this idea Lal et al. (op. cit.) measured cosmogenic in-situ produced in 19 samples from the GISP 2 core covering time range of 375-31,250 yrs B.P. Their studies showed that there were two periods of very low solar activity in this time bracket (during 8500-9500 B.P and 27,000-32,000 B.P.), and one high solar activity period during 12,000-16,000 yrs B.P. In order to provide an independent check on the veracity of the new method, we decided to apply it to the historical period, < 1000 yrs B.P. The inferred Solar activities based on the study of cosmogenic in-situ produced 14C in South Pole ice samples clearly establish that there was a period of high Solar activity during 1100-1250 A.D., and a period of very low solar activity during 1416-1534 A.D, designated as the Spoerer Minimum. These results however do not confirm the proposed dates for the Dalton and the Maunder Minimum periods, predicted to be 1795-1825 A.D. and 1654-1714 A.D. respectively. Instead, our studies show that there was a long duration period of low solar activity during 1750-1860 A.D. These results make it quite clear that we should carry out more studies to fully establish the temporal behavior of the Solar activity in the past 1000 yrs.	["POINT(-180 -90)"]
GISP2 (D Core) Methane Concentration Data	0126057	2008-12-16	Brook, Edward J.	High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change	This ice core data is archived at the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology and is available through the Ice Core Data Gateway. The data includes methane data from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2). GISP2 is an ice core project that drilled through the Greenland ice sheet and 1.55 meters into bedrock. The ice core is 3053.44 meters in depth, the deepest ice core recovered in the world at the time. The ice core was completed in 1993 after five years of drilling. Methane concentrations were determined by GC-FID using standards calibrated by NOAA CMDL. The gas age time scales and analytical techniques are described in further detail in the publication.	[]
GISP2 (D Core) Helium Isotopes from Interplanetary Dust	0126057	2008-12-16	Brook, Edward J.; Kurz, Mark D.	High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change	Ice Core Interplanetary Dust Helium Isotope Data Helium isotope data from Ice Cores at GISP2 (Greenland) and Vostok (Antarctica) as a proxy for extraterrestrial dust flux.	[]
Methyl Chloride Measurements from the Siple Dome A Deep Core, Antarctica	0636953	2008-10-22	Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat; Williams, Margaret	Methyl Chloride, Methyl Bromide, and Carbonyl Sulfide in Deep Antarctic Ice Cores	This data set is an analysis of methyl chloride concentration measured in air extracted from ice core samples from the Siple Dome A deep core in West Antarctica. In total, forty six (46) ice samples, approximately 10-15 cm in length, were analyzed in this study. Data are available in Microsoft Excel format and are available via FTP.	["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"]
Antarctic Ice Cores: Methyl Chloride and Methyl Bromide	0338359	2007-11-10	Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat; Williams, Margaret; Tatum, Cheryl	Methyl chloride and methyl bromide in Antarctic ice cores	This data set is an analysis of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and methyl bromide (CH3Br) in Antarctic ice core samples. Investigators reported mixing ratios of methyl chloride gas extracted from samples taken from the South Pole Remote Earth Science and Seismological Observatory (SPRESSO) core, drilled as part of the International Trans Antarctic Science Expedition (ITASE). This data covers an age range of 2159 - 140 years before present (Y.B.P.) where the year 2000 was used as present. Investigators analyzed trace gases in ice core samples from Siple Dome, West Antarctica (dry-drilled C core and deep, fluid-drilled A core) and from South Pole, Antarctica (300 m dry drilled SPRESSO core). Data are available in Microsoft Excel format and are available via FTP.	["POINT(-144.39 -89.93)"]
Atmospheric CO2 and Climate: Taylor Dome Ice Core, Antarctica	0337891	2007-11-05	Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho	Developing Dry Extraction of Ice Core Gases and Application to Millennial-Scale Variability in Atmospheric CO2	Using new and existing ice core CO2 data from 65 - 30 ka BP a new chronology for Taylor Dome ice core CO2 is established and synchronized with Greenland ice core records to study how high latitude climate change and the carbon cycle were linked during the last glacial period. The new data and chronology should provide a better target for models attempting to explain CO2 variability and abrupt climate change.	["POINT(158 -77.666667)"]
Atmospheric CO2 and Climate: Byrd Ice Core, Antarctica	0337891	2007-10-26	Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho	Developing Dry Extraction of Ice Core Gases and Application to Millennial-Scale Variability in Atmospheric CO2	Reconstructions of ancient atmospheric CO2 variations help us better understand how the global carbon cycle and climate are linked. This data set compares CO2 variations on millennial time scales between 20,000 and 90,000 years with an Antarctic temperature proxy and records of abrupt climate change in the Northern hemisphere.	["POINT(-119.833611 -80.01)"]
Trapped Gas Composition and Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core	0230260	2007-07-10	Bender, Michael; Suwa, Makoto	Collaborative Research: Trapped Gas Composition and the Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core	This data set includes a time scale for the Vostok ice core, retrieved from Vostok Station on the East Antarctic Plateau. This chronology is derived by orbitally tuning to molecular oxygen to nitrogen (O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>) ratios in occluded air for depths deeper than 1550 m (greater than 112,000 years old), and by gas correlation to the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) chronology for the ice core section that is shallower than 1422 m (less than 102,000 years old). Because of poor gas preservation in air bubbles in shallower depths, investigators could only constrain the Vostok chronology for the section deeper than 1550 m by O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>. Thus for the shallower section of the core, they synchronized the Vostok delta oxygen-18 (δ<sup>18</sup>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) measurements to those of the GISP2 to obtain the chronology (see Bender, et al. 2006). Note, CH<sub>4</sub> data are not included in this data set. Investigators analyzed the O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> and the<em><strong> </strong></em>δ<sup>18</sup>O record ratios for approximately the past 115,000 to 400,000 years in the Vostok ice core. They combined new measurements for O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> and δ<sup>18</sup>O with data from Bender (2002) and Petit, et al. (1999), respectively. Data are in Microsoft Excel format and are available via FTP.	["POINT(106.8 -72.4667)"]
Cosmogenic Radionuclides in the Siple Dome A Ice Core	0126343	2007-05-31	Finkel, R. C.; Nishiizumi, Kunihiko	Cosmogenic Radionuclides in the Siple Dome Ice Core	This data set includes a record of cosmogenic radionuclide concentrations in the Siple Dome A ice core collected as part of the West Antarctic ice core program. The investigators measured profiles of both <sup>10</sup>Be (half-life = 1.5x10<sup>6</sup> years) and <sup>36</sup>Cl (half-life = 3.0x10<sup>5</sup> years) in the entire ice core, which spans the time period from the present to about 100,000 years before present. These data are being used for perfecting the ice core chronology, deducing the history of solar activity, deducing the history of variations in the geomagnetic field, and studying the possible role of solar variations on climate. Data are distributed as a PDF file and are available via FTP.	["POINT(-148.812 -81.6588)"]
Analysis of Siple Dome Ice Core: Carbonyl Sulfide (COS), Methyl Chloride (CH3Cl), and Methyl Bromide (CH3Br)	0338359	2005-11-16	Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat	Methyl chloride and methyl bromide in Antarctic ice cores	This data set is part of the WAISCORES (West Antarctic Ice Sheet cores) project, research funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) and designed to improve understanding of how the West Antarctic ice sheet influences climate and sea level change. WAISCORES investigators acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. These data provide researchers with a record of natural climatic variability and anthropogenic influence on biogeochemical cycles. Because ice cores contain an archive of preindustrial air, a baseline can be established, and the extent of human impact on the climate can be ascertained. This data set includes mixing ratios of carbonyl sulfide (COS), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and methyl bromide (CH3Br). Data samples were retrieved from the Siple C ice core, which was drilled at 81.65° S, 148.81° W in December 1995. The core site sits 620 m above sea level near the edge of the Ross Ice Shelf where there is a mean annual temperature of -25.4 °C. Data are available via FTP.	["POINT(-148.81 -81.65)"]
Ross Ice Drainage System (RIDS) Glaciochemical Analysis	9316564	2005-05-09	Mayewski, Paul A.; Kreutz, Karl; Twickler, Mark; Whitlow, Sallie; Meeker, Loren D.	Ross Ice Drainage System (RIDS) Late Holocene Climate Variability	The Ross Ice Drainage System (RIDS) project provides a high-resolution record of atmospheric chemical deposition taken from several ice cores and snow pits located at sites within or immediately adjacent to the Ross Ice Drainage System. Three sites were visited during a 1995 traverse in inland West Antarctica. The traverse was 158 km, trending 26° from Byrd Surface Camp. The core from site A (78°44'S, 116°20'W) is 148 m deep, the core from site B (79°27.66'S, 118°02.68'W) is 60 m deep, and the core from site C (80°00.85'S, 119°33.73'W) is 60 m deep. Glaciochemical analysis focuses on the major ions deposited from the antarctic atmosphere, including Na (sodium), NH4 (ammonium), K (potassium), Mg (magnesium), Ca (calcium), Cl (chloride), NO3 (nitrate), and SO4 (sulfate). Chemical analysis also includes methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and nssSO4 (non-sea salt sulfate). The data are available by FTP in ASCII text format and Excel files.	["POINT(-116.333 -78.733)", "POINT(-119.562 -80.014)", "POINT(-118.045 -79.461)"]
Ice Fabric Characteristics: Siple Dome, A Core	0135989	2005-03-02	Wilen, Larry	Collaborative Research: Fabric and Texture Characteristics of Micro-Physical Processes in Ice	This data set contains measurements of the orientation and deformation of the crystal c-axes (fabric) of ice core samples collected from the Siple Dome Ice Core A, Antarctica (81°S, 148°W) between 22.764 m and 992.385 m in depth. The instrument used for the measurements consists of a fiber-optic white light source, one fixed black-and-white video camera, and four rotation stages. The data are in ASCII tab-delimited text format and are available via FTP.	["POINT(148 81)"]
Antarctic and Greenland Climate Change Comparison	0126057	2004-08-27	Chappellaz, Jérôme; Blunier, Thomas; Stauffer, Bernhard; Brook, Edward J.	High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change	This data set compares global atmospheric concentration of methane from ice cores taken on the ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland. The data come from multiple ice cores on each continent, including Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) and Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP) ice cores and the Byrd and Vostok cores from Antarctica.	[]
Talos Dome Ice Core Deuterium Isotope Data	None	2004-08-27	Jouzel, Jean; Stenni, Barbara	No project link provided	This data set consists of deuterioum isotope data obtained from Talos Dome ice core. Talos Dome is located on the edge of the East Antarctic plateau adjacent to the Victoria Land mountain. The Talos Dome (TD) firn core is 89 m and was drilled during a traverse by an Italian team in 1996.	[]
Siple Dome Ice Core Chemistry and Ion Data	9316564	2004-08-26	Blunier, Thomas; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Brook, Edward J.; Kreutz, Karl; Mayewski, Paul A.; Dunbar, Nelia	Ross Ice Drainage System (RIDS) Late Holocene Climate Variability	This data set includes chemistry and ion data collected from a 150 m core recovered from Siple Dome, West Antarctica. The core was drilled during the 1994/1995 field season. Dating of the core was accomplished using annual signals preserved in several chemical species, beta activity profiles, and volcanic horizons. The resulting depth/age scale indicates an age of 1890 A.D. at 24 m, and 850 A.D. at 150 m depth.	[]
Newall Glacier Ice Core and Snow Pit Beta Profiles, Chemistry, and Stratigraphy	8411018 8613786	2004-08-26	Welch, Kathy A.; Mayewski, Paul A.	Characterization of Climatic Events for the Last 2 x 103y through the Retrieval of Ice Cores from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica	This data set includes beta profiles, chemistry, stratigraphy data, and density and temperature profiles collected from snow pits and two ice cores on the Newall Glacier. Snow pit and ice core data were collected between 1987 and 1989. Ice Core A was 175 meters long and core B was 150 meters long.	[]
Dominion Range Ice Core Beta Profiles, Chemistry, and Density Data	8411018 8613786	2004-08-26	Sowers, Todd A.; Saltzman, Eric; Watson, M. Scott; Grootes, Pieter; Mayewski, Paul A.; Meese, Deb; Gow, Tony	Characterization of Climatic Events for the Last 2 x 103y through the Retrieval of Ice Cores from the Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica	This data set includes beta profiles, chemistry, and density data obtained from Dominion Range ice cores. The Dominion Range is on the East Antarctic Ice Sheet. The chemistry data consists of the composition of oxygen-isotopes and trapped gasses. Other information includes ice thickness, mean annual net accumulation, and crystal size. The core samples were collected in the austral summer of 1984-85.	[]
Byrd Ice Core Microparticle and Chemistry Data	9714687 9725918	2004-08-26	Blunier, Thomas; Fluckiger, Jacqueline; Thompson, Lonnie G.; Brook, Edward J.	Collaborative Research: Studies of Trapped Gases in Firn and Ice from Antarctic Deep Ice Cores	This data set consists of microparticle and chemistry data from Byrd Ice Core, the first ice core to reach bedrock in Antarctica. The core was drilled with a cable-suspended electromechanical rotary drill at Byrd Station, Antarctica. The vertical thickness of the ice was 2164 meters and more than 99 percent of the core was recovered. Cores were sought for investigations of the physical properties of the ice sheet, the nature of the ice-rock contact, and the composition of the underlying bedrock.	[]
Taylor Dome Ice Core Chemistry, Ion, and Isotope Data	9615292	2004-08-26	Smith, Jesse; Sowers, Todd A.; Brook, Edward J.; Mayewski, Paul A.; Steig, Eric J.; Indermuhle, A.	Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Isotopes in the Taylor Dome and Vostok Ice Cores	This data set includes chemistry, ion, and istotope data from Taylor Dome, part of the East Antarctic ice sheet. Deep drilling at Taylor Dome successfully reached bedrock at a depth of 554 meters during the 1993-1994 austral summer. The Taylor Dome ice core is only the second core (after Vostok) to provide a stratigraphically undisturbed record through the entire last glacial cycle (the last 130,000 years or more).	[]
Law Dome Ice Cores Chemistry Data	None	2004-08-26	Barnola, J. M.; Etheridge, David; Morgan, Vin	No project link provided	This data set includes CO2 and CH4 records derived from three ice cores obtained at Law Dome, East Antarctica, from 1987 to 1993. Law Dome is a medium size, approximately circular, (200 km dia., 1390 m high) ice sheet situated at the edge of the main East Antarctic ice sheet. The data in this set include cores drilled between 1987 and 1993 to a depth of 1199.6.	[]
European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA) Dome C Ice Core Data	None	2004-08-26	Wolff, Eric W.; Monnin, Eric; Fluckiger, Jacqueline	No project link provided	This data set is a collection of analyses done on the the European Project for Ice Coring in Antarctica (EPICA)Dome C ice cores. The data include deuterium and other chemistry, insoluble dust, ice grain radius, dielectric profiling, electrical conductivity, and timescales. EPICA has completed one core in the Dome Concordia region (Core EDC96, started in 1996, 788 m length). Drilling is ongoing on a second core EDC99 (started in 1999, reached a depth of 3200 m during the 2002/2003 field season. The ice at this depth is estimated to be about 700,000 years old.)	[]
Dome C Ice Core Chemistry and Depth and Age Scale Data	None	2004-08-26	Lal, Devendra; Lorius, Claude	Nuclear Studies of Accumulating and Ablation Ice Using Cosmogenic 14c	This data set includes isotope and depth age data, and CO2 and CH4 data from the Dome C Antarctica ice core. This core is a 906 meter core that spans approximately 32,000 years. It was a thermally drilled core and was retrieved during the 1977-78 Antarctic field season as part of the International Antarctic Glaciological project.	[]
Vostok Ice Core Chemistry, Timescale, Isotope, and Temperature Data	None	2004-08-26	Chappellaz, Jérôme; Lal, Devendra; Barnola, J. M.; Petit, Jean Robert; Jouzel, Jean; Sowers, Todd A.; Brook, Edward J.; Bender, Michael; Fishcer, Hubertus; Blunier, Thomas; Ruddiman, William; Raymo, Maureen; Lorius, Claude	No project link provided	This data set contains ice core chemistry, timescale, isotope, and temperature data analyzed by several investigators. In January 1998, the collaborative ice-drilling project between Russia, the United States, and France at the Russian Vostok station in East Antarctica yielded the deepest ice core ever recovered, reaching a depth of 3,623 m. Preliminary data indicate the Vostok ice-core record extends through four climate cycles, with ice slightly older than 400 kyr.	[]
Dronning Maud Land Ice Core Chemistry Data	None	2004-08-26	Mayewski, Paul A.; Whitlow, Sallie; Isaksson, Elisabeth	No project link provided	This data set consists of chemistry data obtained from a shallow core in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica. Major ion concentration values (Na, Mg, Ca, Cl, NO3, SO4, MSA) were analyzed from the 20 meter ice core, which was drilled during the austral summer 1991-1992.	[]
South Pole Snow Pit, 1988 and 1989	None	2004-06-24	Mayewski, Paul A.; Whitlow, Sallie	No project link provided	Information from 6-meter snow pits dug close to the South Pole in austral summer 1988-1989 by the Glacier Research Group of the University of New Hampshire (location - 38 km on grid 90 from South Pole station - eastern margin of clean air sector) are available. Major ion chemistry (Na, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, NO3, SO4), oxygen isotopes (I8O), H2O2, and beta from a 6-meter snow pit covering the period 1955 to 1989 are included. Major ion chemistry for a series of surface snow samples were also collected on the traverse to the pit.	["POINT(-180 -90)"]
Sulfate-Based Volcanic Record from South Pole Ice Core	0087151	2004-04-09	Cole-Dai, Jihong	A Sulfate-based Volcanic Record from South Pole Ice Cores	This data set contains concentrations of soluble chemical species (ions) within a 120 m ice core retrieved at the South Pole station in 2001. The ice core was dated with annual resolution using annual layer counting. Investigators measured chemical species, ions, and volcanic deposits found in the cores. The analysis was conducted at South Dakota State University between 2001 and 2003. Data are available in Microsoft Excel or ASCII text format via FTP from NSIDC.	["POINT(0 -90)"]
Biogenic Sulfur in the Siple Dome Ice Core	9615333	2004-03-09	Saltzman, Eric; Dioumaeva, Irina; Finley, Brandon	Biogenic Sulfur in the Siple Dome Ice Core	This data set is a continuous, high-resolution record of biogenic sulfur (methanesulfonate, known as MSA and CH3SO3-) in the 1000 m deep Siple Dome A (SDMA) core, covering 100,000 to 20 years BP. The analysis was done on between August 2002 and November 2003 at the University of California, Irvine. Investigators used a mass spectrometer to measure methanesulfonate. Measurements are given as MSA concentration at various depths. Estimated age of the ice at each depth is also given. This project was a part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Cores (WAISCORES) project for deep ice coring in West Antarctica. WAISCORES is supported by the Office of Polar Programs, National Science Foundation (NSF).	["POINT(-148.8 -81.7)"]
Atmospheric CO2 Trapped in the Ice Core from Siple Dome, Antarctica	9980691	2003-12-11	Ahn, Jinho; Wahlen, Martin; Deck, Bruce	CO2 and Delta 13CO2 in Antarctic Ice Cores	These data are CO2 concentrations of the air occulded in Siple Dome ice core, Antarctica. The study was conducted between January 2001 and March 2003 on a deep ice core from Siple Dome Core A, located at 81.66 S, 148.82 W.	["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"]
Central West Antarctic Glaciochemistry from Ice Cores	None	2003-10-16	Reusch, David	No project link provided	Glaciochemical and accumulation rate records developed from four ice cores in central West Antarctica are used to reconstruct former atmospheric circulation patterns in this region for the last 40 years with extended records (150-250 years) at two sites. The sites lie on a 200 km traverse from 82 degrees 22 minutes south, 119 degrees 17 minutes west to 81 degrees 22 minutes south, 107 degrees 17 minutes west, gaining elevation from 950 to 1930 m. The glaciochemical records represent the major ionic species present in Antarctic snow: sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate.	["POLYGON((-120 -80,-118.5 -80,-117 -80,-115.5 -80,-114 -80,-112.5 -80,-111 -80,-109.5 -80,-108 -80,-106.5 -80,-105 -80,-105 -80.5,-105 -81,-105 -81.5,-105 -82,-105 -82.5,-105 -83,-105 -83.5,-105 -84,-105 -84.5,-105 -85,-106.5 -85,-108 -85,-109.5 -85,-111 -85,-112.5 -85,-114 -85,-115.5 -85,-117 -85,-118.5 -85,-120 -85,-120 -84.5,-120 -84,-120 -83.5,-120 -83,-120 -82.5,-120 -82,-120 -81.5,-120 -81,-120 -80.5,-120 -80))"]
Siple Dome Ice Core Age-Depth Scales	9420648	2003-09-09	Nereson, Nadine A.	Ice Modelling Study of Siple Dome: WAIS Ice Dynamics, WAISCORES Paleoclimate and Ice Stream/Ice Dome Interactions	This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. Nereson's 'Age Versus Depth' plot shows the results of the calculations published in her paper on predicted age-depth scales (Nereson, N.A., E.D. Waddington, C.F. Raymond, and H.P. Jacobson. 1996. Predicted Age-Depth Scales for Siple Dome and Inland WAIS Ice Cores in West Antarctica.Geophys. Res. Let., 23(22): 3163-3166.).	["POINT(-149 -81)"]
Siple Dome Methane Record	0512971	2003-08-18	Brook, Edward J.	High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change	This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. Brooks measured methane in approximately 196 samples between 55.6 and 738.5 m (0-20 ka) in the Siple Dome ice core, and then extended the Siple Dome methane record at medium resolution down to about 860m, corresponding to an age of about 45 ka. The team compared the results with data from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) and the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP).	["POINT(-149 -81)"]
Siple Dome Highlights: Stable isotopes	None	2003-08-18	Steig, Eric J.; White, James	No project link provided	This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. This data set provides measurements of stable isotopes of water and deuterium excess for the Siple Dome ice cores. The shallow cores from Siple Dome were analyzed for isotopes with sub-annual temporal detail.	["POINT(-149 -81)"]
Taylor Dome Ice Core Data	None	2003-08-18	Steig, Eric J.; White, James	No project link provided	The collection site is Taylor Dome, an ice-accumulation area on the East Antarctic ice sheet. The dome is a ridge about 20 x 80 km, which lies inland of the Transantarctic Mountains. Deep drilling by the Polar Ice Coring Office (PICO) at Taylor Dome reached bedrock at a depth of 554 meters during the 1993-1994 austral summer season. <p>This data set includes mesurements of:</p> <ul> <li>beryllium-10 (betd.txt)</li> <li>oxygen isotopes (hi18o_td.txt and lo18o_td.txt)</li> <li>deuterium isotopes (deld_20cm.txt and deld_td.txt).</li> </ul> <p>These data were produced at the University of Washington from samples obtained in the field and via the University of New Hampshire automatic melting system. For beryllium, deuterium, and 20-cm oxygen isotope data, the st9810 ice age (kyB1950) timescale is used. For 0.5- to 1-m oxygen isotope data, the st9507 is used.</p>	["POINT(158 -77)"]
Siple Shallow Core Density Data	0126286	2003-05-14	Lamorey, Gregg W.	Continuous High Resolution Ice-Core Chemistry using ICP-MS at Siple Dome	This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. Lamorey measured the density of the shallow Siple Dome cores B - I. One-meter sections of the ice core were weighed on a balance beam in the field. The volume was determined by measuring the diameter and length of the core. The data consists of tab-delimited text files of density measurements and a sonic velocity profile, and a .gif format density-versus-depth plot. Data are available via FTP.	["POINT(-149 -81)"]
Roosevelt Island Ice Core Density and Beta Count Data	9615347	2003-05-14	Conway, Howard	Radar Investigations of Former Shear Margins: Roosevelt Island and Ice Stream C	This data set measures the radioactive decay of nuclear material from Northern and Southern hemisphere nuclear testing. Firn cores were taken from three locations on Roosevelt Island, an ice dome within the Ross Ice Shelf, and were measured at increasing depth for density in kilograms per cubic meter, and for beta counts per hour per kilogram. The data were collected between November and December of 1997. Measurements were taken incrementally down to approximately 17 meters for each of the three cores. Data are available in text format via ftp.	["POLYGON((-161.5667 -79.3889,-161.44836 -79.3889,-161.33002 -79.3889,-161.21168 -79.3889,-161.09334 -79.3889,-160.975 -79.3889,-160.85666 -79.3889,-160.73832 -79.3889,-160.61998 -79.3889,-160.50164 -79.3889,-160.3833 -79.3889,-160.3833 -79.41168,-160.3833 -79.43446,-160.3833 -79.45724,-160.3833 -79.48002,-160.3833 -79.5028,-160.3833 -79.52558,-160.3833 -79.54836,-160.3833 -79.57114,-160.3833 -79.59392,-160.3833 -79.6167,-160.50164 -79.6167,-160.61998 -79.6167,-160.73832 -79.6167,-160.85666 -79.6167,-160.975 -79.6167,-161.09334 -79.6167,-161.21168 -79.6167,-161.33002 -79.6167,-161.44836 -79.6167,-161.5667 -79.6167,-161.5667 -79.59392,-161.5667 -79.57114,-161.5667 -79.54836,-161.5667 -79.52558,-161.5667 -79.5028,-161.5667 -79.48002,-161.5667 -79.45724,-161.5667 -79.43446,-161.5667 -79.41168,-161.5667 -79.3889))"]
Digital Images of Thin Sections from Siple Dome	9615554	2003-05-14	Fitzpatrick, Joan	Digital Imaging for Ice Core Analysis	This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. This data set comprises low-resolution (72 dpi) jpg images of thin sections from the Siple Dome ice core. The images were acquired during the 1997/1998 field season, from both the SDM-A, or main 13.2-cm, core and from the hot water core recovered by Hermann Englehardt. The data set includes both vertical and horizontal thin sections. With one exception, all images were recorded in cross-polarized light. Two examples of archived high-resolution (275 dpi) images are provided for direct comparison of the low- and high-resolution images.	["POINT(-149 -81)"]
GISP2 (B and D Core) Methane Concentrations	0512971	2003-05-14	Brook, Edward J.	High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change	The data include methane data from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) B & D Cores. Gas ages were calculated according to the methods described in Brook et al. 1996, and are subject to change. Ice ages were calculated by by linear interpolation from the Meese et al. timescale.	["POINT(-149 -81)"]
Physical and Structural Properties of the Siple Dome Ice Cores	9527262	2003-05-14	Gow, Tony; Meese, Deb	Physical and Structural Properties of the Siple Dome Core	This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. This data set includes annual layer data for Siple Dome ice cores A, B, and C, based on stratigraphy; thin-section images, and fabric data. The study included the analysis of more than 2500 crystallographic c-axes conducted on 50 thin sections from the main PICO core.	["POINT(-149 -81)"]
Volcanic Records in the Siple and Taylor Dome Ice Cores	9527373	2003-05-14	Zielinski, Gregory; Dunbar, Nelia	Collaborative Research: Volcanic Record in Antarctic Ice: Implications for Climatic and Eruptive History and Ice Sheet Dynamics of the South Polar Region	This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. This data set includes backscattered electron images of tephra samples extracted from the Siple and Taylor Dome ice cores, as well as electron microprobe analyses of glass shards in cases where significant, compositionally-consistent glass populations were present. The data set also includes data on the amount of volcanically derived sulfate deposited on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet and recorded in the Siple Dome ice core.	["POINT(-149 -81)", "POINT(158.7889 -77.95)"]
Siple Dome Cores Electrical Measurement Data	9526420	2003-05-08	Taylor, Kendrick C.	Electrical and Optical Measurements on the Siple Dome Ice Core	This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. Taylor measured the electrical conductivity (ECM) and Complex Conductivity (CC), a measure of the total ions in the ice, in the main Siple Dome ice core. Measurements were taken along the core from a depth of 0 m to 800 m. The project also analyzed shallower cores for ECM and dielectric properties (DEP). (DEP is also a measure of the total ions in the ice, but with lower spatial resolution than the CC.) Albedo measurements where made on the shallow cores and the main core to a depth of 391 m. The data set includes images showing the electrical conductivity of a vertical section of the core.	["POINT(-149 -81)"]
WAISCORES Snow Pit Chemistry, Antarctica	9526449	2002-07-11	Kreutz, Karl; Mayewski, Paul A.	Siple Dome Deep Ice Core Glaciochemistry and Regional Survey - A Contribution to the WAIS Initiative	This data set is part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet cores (WAISCORES) project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed snow pit and core samples from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. This data set includes glaciochemical spatial variability data for Siple Dome snow pits B, E, F, G, H, and 1 through 6. Samples were analyzed for soluble ion content via suppressed ion chromatography. Each pit was sampled at 2 cm resolution for ion chemistry using clean procedures, and sampled again at 3 cm resolution for density calculations. Snow pit names and locations correspond to the 1996 to 1997 season shallow core sites. Data in this collection were obtained during two Antarctic field seasons in 1994 to 1995 and 1996 to 1997. Data are available via FTP in space-delimited ASCII text (.dat) file format.	["POLYGON((-149.11 -81.05,-149.05 -81.05,-148.99 -81.05,-148.93 -81.05,-148.87 -81.05,-148.81 -81.05,-148.75 -81.05,-148.69 -81.05,-148.63 -81.05,-148.57 -81.05,-148.51 -81.05,-148.51 -81.11,-148.51 -81.17,-148.51 -81.23,-148.51 -81.29,-148.51 -81.35,-148.51 -81.41,-148.51 -81.47,-148.51 -81.53,-148.51 -81.59,-148.51 -81.65,-148.57 -81.65,-148.63 -81.65,-148.69 -81.65,-148.75 -81.65,-148.81 -81.65,-148.87 -81.65,-148.93 -81.65,-148.99 -81.65,-149.05 -81.65,-149.11 -81.65,-149.11 -81.59,-149.11 -81.53,-149.11 -81.47,-149.11 -81.41,-149.11 -81.35,-149.11 -81.29,-149.11 -81.23,-149.11 -81.17,-149.11 -81.11,-149.11 -81.05))"]
Snow-atmosphere Transfer Function for Reversibly Deposited Chemical Species in West Antarctica	9526572	2002-07-11	McConnell, Joseph; Bales, Roger	Snow-Atmosphere Transfer Function for Reversibly Deposited Chemical Species in West Antarctica	This data set is part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Cores (WAISCORES) project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed snow pit and core samples from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. This data set includes glaciochemical spatial variability data for six Siple Dome snow pits. Samples involved measuring hydrogen peroxide (H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub>) and formaldehyde (HCHO) in the air, snow, firn, and ice via suppressed ion chromatography. The data can be used to interpret changes in concentrations of these species recorded in ice cores. Data in this collection were obtained during two Antarctic field seasons in 1994 to 1995 and 1996 to 1997. Data are available via FTP in tab-delimited ASCII text (.dat, .txt) file format.	["POINT(-149 -81)"]
Methane and Carbonyl Sulfide Analysis of Siple Dome Ice Core Subsamples	0338359	2002-07-10	Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat	Methyl chloride and methyl bromide in Antarctic ice cores	This data set is part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet cores (WAISCORES) project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. Siple Dome ice cores were analyzed for methanesulfonate (MSA) and carbonyl sulfide (OCS). The methanesulfonate analysis was done on cores A-E and a hot water core, and the carbonyl sulfide analysis was done on 11 C cores. Methanesulfonate data include the sample identification number, depth, and methanesulfonate parts per billion (ppb) of each sample. Carbonyl sulfide data include the depth, OCS parts per trillion (ppt) of each sample, percent error, and gas age (years). Data are available via FTP in tab-delimited ASCII text (.dat, .txt) file format.	["POINT(-149 -81)"]
Tephra in Siple and Taylor Dome Ice Cores	9615167	2002-06-01	Dunbar, Nelia	Collaborative Research: Volcanic Record in Antarctic Ice: Implications for Climatic and Eruptive History and Ice Sheet Dynamics of the South Polar Region	This data set consists of electron microprobe geochemical analyses of glass shards sampled from Siple Dome and Taylor Dome ice cores during the 1999-2000 field season. Geochemical data are in tab-delimited ASCII and Excel formats. Backscattered electron images of tephra samples are in TIFF format. Data are available via ftp.	["POINT(158.71 -77.8)", "POINT(-148 -81)"]
Concentration and Isotopic Composition of O2 and N2 in Trapped Gases of the Vostok Ice Core	9318121 9222121	2002-01-01	Bender, Michael	Collaborative Research: Seismic Traverse of the Byrd Subglacial Basin-Field Test	These data describe the d18O of O2, d15N of N2, d18Oatm, and O2/N2 ratios of trapped gases in the Vostok ice core from East Antarctica. The investigator used a mass spectrometer to measure gas concentrations and isotopic compositions. Data extend to approximately 420,000 years ago. Two different age models are included. Data are available in tab-delimited ASCII format via ftp.	["POINT(106.48 -72.28)"]
Carbon-Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric CO2 since the Last Glacial Maximum	9615292	2002-01-01	Wahlen, Martin	Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Isotopes in the Taylor Dome and Vostok Ice Cores	These data describe the concentration and carbon-isotopic composition (d13CO2) of atmospheric CO2 from air trapped in ice between 27,000 and 1,300 years before present from Taylor Dome, Antarctica. Data are used to investigate the causes of the CO2 concentration increase that occurred during the transition between the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the Holocene. Data are in tab-delimited ASCII and Excel formats, and are available via ftp.	["POINT(158.71 -77.8)"]
Snow and Firn Temperature and Permeability Measurements from Siple Dome, Antarctica	9526601	2001-12-01	Albert, Mary R.	Near-Surface Processes Affecting Gas Exchange: West Antarctic Ice Sheet	This data set includes measurements of snow and firn temperature and permeability collected between November 1998 and June 1999 at Siple Dome. The physical characteristics of snow determine the nature of air-snow exchange processes, which in turn affect chemical records in ice cores. Thus a better understanding of the physical properties of snow will improve interpretation of ice core records of atmospheric composition. Data are available via ftp in both ASCII and Excel formats.	["POINT(-148 -81)"]
Dominion Range Snow Pit and Ice Core, 1984 and 1985	None	1999-01-01	Mayewski, Paul A.; Whitlow, Sallie	No project link provided	Information from snow pits and an ice core were collected at Dominion Range (location - 166 10' East, 85 15' South, elevation - 2,700m) in 1984-1985. The 6 meter snow pit was dug and sampled in 1984-1985 with a 3 cm sampling interval. Four 1 meter snow pits were dug and sampled in 1984-1985 with a 3 cm sampling interval. One core was drilled during the austral summer 1984-1985 with a depth of 160 meters. Chemistry and density data were collected from the 1 meter pits. Chemistry, beta profile and density data were collected from the 6 meter snow pits. Chemistry (Na NH4, K, Mg, Ca, Cl, NO3, SO4, MSA), particles and a lead-210 profile were collected from the ice core.	["POINT(166 -85)"]
Newall Glacier Snow Pit and Ice Core, 1987 to 1989	None	1999-01-01	Mayewski, Paul A.; Whitlow, Sallie	No project link provided	Snow pit and ice core data from the Newall Glacier (location - 162 30' East, 77 35' South) were collected during 1987 and 1988. These include information on chemistry, Beta profiles and stratigraphy. Ice cores were collected during the austral summer of 1988-1989 and contain information on chemistry, Pb- 210 profiles, density profiles and temperature profiles. Core A was 175 meters long and core B was 150 meters long. The snow pits were dug and sampled by the Glacier Research Group (GRG), using established protocols to prevent contamination. The samples for major ion chemistry remained frozen until melted for analysis in the GRG lab, located at the University of New Hampshire (UNH), and all core processing was done by GRG established protocols to prevent contamination. Major ions were analyzed using suppressed ion chromatography.	["POINT(162 -77)"]
Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, Ice Core, 1991 and 1992	None	1999-01-01	Whitlow, Sallie; Mayewski, Paul A.	No project link provided	Major ion concentration values (Na, Mg, Ca, Cl, NO3, SO4, MSA) were analyzed from a 20-meter ice core drilled in Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica (location - 65 01' East, 75 00' South, elevation - 2,900 m a.s.l.). The core was drilled during the austral summer 1991-1992. Major ion analysis was by ion chromatography. The anions were analyzed on a Dionex AS4A column; the cations on a Dionex CS12 column and MSA on a Dionex AS4 column. All used suppressed chromatography. Using established protocols to prevent contamination, the core was processed into 3-centimeter pieces by the Glacier Research Group at the University of New Hampshire's Climate Change Research Center. The 3-cm pieces were kept frozen until major ion analysis.	["POINT(65 -75)"]
Visible Stratigraphic Dating, Siple Dome and Upstream C Cores	9526374	1997-01-01	Alley, Richard	Physical Properties of the Siple Dome Deep Ice Core	This data set is part of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet cores (WAISCORES) project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. This data set includes melt layers and annual layer data for Siple Dome cores A through J, and upstream core C (UpC). Cores were examined on a light table after the core had been sectioned longitudinally and samples removed for isotopic, chemical, and other analyses, and after the surface had been smoothed using a planer. Major stratigraphic features were noted, such as coarse-grained and fine-grained firn at shallow depths, and coarse-bubbled and fine-bubbled ice at greater depth. Melt layers were identified as bubble-free or nearly-bubble-free zones. Core lengths ranged from 30 to 133 meters. Data in this collection were obtained in the summer of 1997. The data set is available via FTP as ACSII data (.dat), metadata (.meta) and text (.txt) files.	["POINT(-149 -81)"]

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