USAP-DC

{"dp_type": "Dataset", "free_text": "Atmospheric"}

[{"awards": "1745078 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"], "date_created": "Thu, 05 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes measurements of atmospheric methane from samples from the NEEM, GISP2 and WAIS Divide ice cores. All measurements were made at the Oregon State University Ice Core and Quaternary Geochemistry Laboratory (Corvallis, OR) using an established analytical system. 433 samples from the NEEM ice core were measured between 1420 and 1560m depths. A measurement uncertainty ranging from 2.8 to 4.2 ppb, depending on the measurement year, was determined from replicate samples. 340 samples from the GISP2 ice core were measured between 1740 and 2060m depths. A measurement uncertainty ranging from 3.1 to 3.4 ppb, depending on the measurement year, was determined from replicate samples. All GISP2 and NEEM data were corrected for excess methane contamination using the established relationship between excess methane and Ca2+ (Lee et al., 2020). Both corrected and uncorrected data are included in the publication. 340 samples from the GISP2 ice core were measured between 1957 and 3081m depths. A measurement uncertainty ranging from 3.1 to 3.4 ppb, depending on the measurement year, was determined from replicate samples. Depths reflect the mid-points of the depth range of each samples, which is typically ~8cm. All replicate measurements are included in the dataset.\r\n\r\nLee, J. E. et al. Excess methane in Greenland ice cores associated with high dust concentrations. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta 270, 409-430 (2020).", "east": -112.05, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Greenland; Ice Core Records; Methane; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica; Greenland", "north": -79.28, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Riddell-Young, Benjamin; Brook, Edward; Martin, Kaden; Rosen, Julia; Lee, James; Edwards, Jon S.", "project_titles": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010416", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.28, "title": "Atmospheric methane across the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation from the GISP2, NEEM and WAIS Divide ice cores ", "uid": "601737", "west": -112.05}, {"awards": "1745078 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"], "date_created": "Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes estimates of the atmospheric methane relative interpolar difference (rIPD) across the Last Glacial Maximum and Deglaciation. The rIPD was calculated using discrete, high-resolution methane measurements from the WAIS Divide, NEEM and GISP2 ice cores. Two independent IPD records were determined: One using NEEM and WAIS and one using GISP2 and WAIS. The dataset includes rIPD values calculated using both Greenland methane data both corrected and uncorrected for excess methane (Lee et al., 2020). The rIPD was calculated by smoothing each methane record and synchronizing them to the WD2014 gas age scale. 1-sigma rIPD uncertainties are included. This dataset also includes the output of the four-box troposphere model used to interpret the rIPD. For both excess methane-corrected records, the model output and 1-sigma uncertainty is provided for northern extratropical (30N - 90N) and total tropical (30S - 30N) sources in Tg yr-1. For the NEEM-derived rIPD, sections of the rIPD where atmospheric methane changed rapidly were deemed untrustworthy were removed from the dataset.\r\n\r\nLee, J. E. et al. Excess methane in Greenland ice cores associated with high dust concentrations. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta 270, 409-430 (2020).", "east": -112.05, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Greenland; Methane; Paleoclimate; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "Greenland; West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica", "north": -79.28, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Riddell-Young, Benjamin; Brook, Edward; Rosen, Julia; Buizert, Christo; Martin, Kaden; Lee, James; Edwards, Jon S.; M\u00fchl, Michaela; Schmitt, Jochen; Fischer, Hubertus; Blunier, Thomas", "project_titles": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010416", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.28, "title": "Atmospheric methane interpolar difference and four-box troposphere model output across the Last Glacial Maximum and Deglaciation", "uid": "601736", "west": -112.05}, {"awards": "1744993 Higgins, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((159.17 -76.67,159.195 -76.67,159.22 -76.67,159.24499999999998 -76.67,159.26999999999998 -76.67,159.295 -76.67,159.32 -76.67,159.345 -76.67,159.36999999999998 -76.67,159.39499999999998 -76.67,159.42 -76.67,159.42 -76.676,159.42 -76.682,159.42 -76.688,159.42 -76.694,159.42 -76.7,159.42 -76.706,159.42 -76.712,159.42 -76.718,159.42 -76.724,159.42 -76.73,159.39499999999998 -76.73,159.36999999999998 -76.73,159.345 -76.73,159.32 -76.73,159.295 -76.73,159.26999999999998 -76.73,159.24499999999998 -76.73,159.22 -76.73,159.195 -76.73,159.17 -76.73,159.17 -76.724,159.17 -76.718,159.17 -76.712,159.17 -76.706,159.17 -76.7,159.17 -76.694,159.17 -76.688,159.17 -76.682,159.17 -76.676,159.17 -76.67))"], "date_created": "Fri, 16 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Unpublished field report describing drilling, sampling, and temperature profiles for shallow ice cores and boreholes at Allan Hills in 2022-2023 field season", "east": 159.42, "geometry": ["POINT(159.295 -76.7)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Ice Core", "locations": "Allan Hills; Antarctica", "north": -76.67, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Shackleton, Sarah; Brook, Edward", "project_titles": "Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010253", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.73, "title": "Allan Hills 2022-23 Shallow Ice Core Field Report", "uid": "601696", "west": 159.17}, {"awards": "1643716 Buizert, Christo", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -67,-144 -67,-108 -67,-72 -67,-36 -67,0 -67,36 -67,72 -67,108 -67,144 -67,180 -67,180 -69.3,180 -71.6,180 -73.9,180 -76.2,180 -78.5,180 -80.8,180 -83.1,180 -85.4,180 -87.7,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87.7,-180 -85.4,-180 -83.1,-180 -80.8,-180 -78.5,-180 -76.2,-180 -73.9,-180 -71.6,-180 -69.3,-180 -67))"], "date_created": "Mon, 22 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "We have reconstructed the atmospheric N2O mole fraction and its isotopic composition by combining data from ice cores, firn air, and atmospheric samples. The mole fraction reconstruction extends back to 1000 CE using ice cores, firn air, and atmospheric sampling; and the isotopic reconstruction extends back to 1900 CE using only firn air data. We have incorporated both newly measured and previously published data. We present new data for the mole fraction, d15Nbulk, d18O, and d15NSP values from the Styx (East Antarctica) firn air, and mole fraction from the North Greenland Eemian Ice drilling Project (NEEM) firn air. We have used published records from the Styx and NEEM ice cores, direct atmospheric measurements from the NOAA global sampling network, and firn air data, giving a total of 11 sites for N2O mole fraction, 12 sites for d15Nbulk, 11 sites for d18O, and 8 sites for d15NSP values.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctic; Antarctica; Anthropogenic Emission; Atmosphere; Greenhouse Gas; Greenland; Ice Core Data; Nitrification And Denitrification Processes; Nitrous Oxide; Site-Specific 15N Isotopomer; Styx Glacier", "locations": "Antarctic; Greenland; Antarctica; Styx Glacier", "north": -67.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Ghosh, Sambit; Toyoda, Sakae ; Buizert, Christo ; Langenfelds, Ray L ; Yoshida, Naohiro ; Joong Kim, Seong; Ahn, Jinho ; Etheridge, David", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing Carbon-14 of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide from Law Dome, Antarctica to Constrain Long-Term Hydroxyl Radical Variability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010341", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing Carbon-14 of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide from Law Dome, Antarctica to Constrain Long-Term Hydroxyl Radical Variability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Concentration and isotopic composition of atmospheric N2O over the last century", "uid": "601693", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1745078 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.086 -79.468)"], "date_created": "Wed, 26 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes ~60-year resolution measurements of the Carbon-13 isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Methane (\u03b413C-CH4) of gas bubbles from the WAIS Divide Ice Core. All measurements were made at the Oregon State University Ice Core and Quaternary Geochemistry Laboratory (Corvallis, OR) using a new methane stable isotope analytical system. The data includes depth-adjacent replicate samples (separated by no more than 0.3m of depth) and is split up into two sheets for the two different intervals measured (Heinrich Stadial 1 and Heinrich Stadial 5 / Dansgaard Oeschger Event 12). The data are displayed as a function of WAIS Divide depth and were corrected for gravitational and diffusional fractionation that occurs in the firn column according to Buizert et al., 2013. 1-sigma measurement uncertainty is also included and is determined from analytical uncertainty and uncertainties associated with diffusional and gravitational fractionation.\r\n\r\nThe manuscript presenting and analyzing these data is in preparation for publication as of April 2023. ", "east": -112.086, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.086 -79.468)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Methane; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica", "north": -79.468, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Riddell-Young, Benjamin", "project_titles": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010416", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.468, "title": "Carbon-13 isotopic composition of atmospheric methane across Heinrich Stadials 1 and 5, and Dansgaard Oesgher Event 12, WAIS Divide Ice Core, Antarctica", "uid": "601683", "west": -112.086}, {"awards": "1744993 Higgins, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((159.16667 -76.66667,159.19167000000002 -76.66667,159.21667000000002 -76.66667,159.24167 -76.66667,159.26667 -76.66667,159.29167 -76.66667,159.31667000000002 -76.66667,159.34167000000002 -76.66667,159.36667 -76.66667,159.39167 -76.66667,159.41667 -76.66667,159.41667 -76.67333599999999,159.41667 -76.680002,159.41667 -76.686668,159.41667 -76.693334,159.41667 -76.69999999999999,159.41667 -76.706666,159.41667 -76.713332,159.41667 -76.71999799999999,159.41667 -76.726664,159.41667 -76.73333,159.39167 -76.73333,159.36667 -76.73333,159.34167000000002 -76.73333,159.31667000000002 -76.73333,159.29167 -76.73333,159.26667 -76.73333,159.24167 -76.73333,159.21667000000002 -76.73333,159.19167000000002 -76.73333,159.16667 -76.73333,159.16667 -76.726664,159.16667 -76.71999799999999,159.16667 -76.713332,159.16667 -76.706666,159.16667 -76.69999999999999,159.16667 -76.693334,159.16667 -76.686668,159.16667 -76.680002,159.16667 -76.67333599999999,159.16667 -76.66667))"], "date_created": "Fri, 03 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This document details the ground-penetrating radar (GPR) collection activities carried out by I. Nesbitt in the Allan Hills during the 2019-2020 field season. This document is intended as an informal catalogue of the fild work and post-processing activities performed at the Allan Hills and later at McMurdo and elsewhere. It contains preliminary post-processing and analysis only. Any interpretation made and presented in this report based on the data herein is subject to change pending further examination. GPR was used to examine sub-ice bedrock topography and the stratigraphic relationship between two shallow ice core drill sites (CMC1 and CMC2), as well as to explore potential future drill sites. In accordance with. the project\u0027s objective to drill and analyze ancient ice at relatively shallow depths, the two main features of interest in this study are 1) bedrock topographic features in which ancient ice could be trapped, and 2) englacial stratigraphic layers, especially those which may represent large age discontinuities.", "east": 159.41667, "geometry": ["POINT(159.29167 -76.69999999999999)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; GPR; Ice Core; Report", "locations": "Allan Hills; Antarctica", "north": -76.66667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Nesbitt, Ian; Brook, Edward", "project_titles": "Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010253", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.73333, "title": "I-165-M GPR Field Report 2019-2020", "uid": "601669", "west": 159.16667}, {"awards": "1744832 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(159.3562 -76.73243)"], "date_created": "Tue, 22 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "These data cover the penultimate glacial period (MIS 6) and parts of MIS5, in Allan Hills ice. The d18Oatm data are useful for dating the core, and the 15N is useful for inferring firn thickness. Importantly, the data have only been corrected for gas loss using published methods (i.e. Baggenstos et al. 2017), but not for recently recognized (and unpublished) effects of declining contemporary atmospheric O2/N2 due to fossil fuel burning. These changes unfortunately affect the La Jolla Air standard gas O2/N2 ratio that is used in our lab to make the measurements. Users of this data are encouraged to contact Jeff Severinghaus for help in making these novel corrections to the standard gas.", "east": 159.3562, "geometry": ["POINT(159.3562 -76.73243)"], "keywords": "18O; Allan Hills; Allan Hills Blue Ice; Antarctica; Blue Ice; Delta 15N; Delta 18O; Dole Effect; Firn Thickness; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Chronology; Ice Core Records", "locations": "Allan Hills; Antarctica", "north": -76.73243, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "project_titles": "Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010253", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.73243, "title": "Allan Hills CMC3 ice core d18Oatm, d15N, dO2/N2, dAr/N2, d40/36Ar, d40/38Ar 2021 \u0026 2022", "uid": "601620", "west": 159.3562}, {"awards": "1245821 Brook, Edward; 1245659 Petrenko, Vasilii; 1246148 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161 -77.7,161.1 -77.7,161.2 -77.7,161.3 -77.7,161.4 -77.7,161.5 -77.7,161.6 -77.7,161.7 -77.7,161.8 -77.7,161.9 -77.7,162 -77.7,162 -77.71000000000001,162 -77.72,162 -77.73,162 -77.74,162 -77.75,162 -77.76,162 -77.77,162 -77.78,162 -77.78999999999999,162 -77.8,161.9 -77.8,161.8 -77.8,161.7 -77.8,161.6 -77.8,161.5 -77.8,161.4 -77.8,161.3 -77.8,161.2 -77.8,161.1 -77.8,161 -77.8,161 -77.78999999999999,161 -77.78,161 -77.77,161 -77.76,161 -77.75,161 -77.74,161 -77.73,161 -77.72,161 -77.71000000000001,161 -77.7))"], "date_created": "Tue, 23 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "High-precision carbon isotope data (d13C-CO2) show atmospheric CO2 during Marine Isotope Stage 4 (MIS 4, ~70.5-59 ka) was controlled by a succession of millennial-scale processes. Enriched d13C-CO2 during peak glaciation suggests increased ocean carbon storage. Variations in d13C-CO2 in early MIS4 suggest multiple processes were active during CO2 drawdown, potentially including decreased land carbon and decreased Southern Ocean air-sea gas exchange superposed on increased ocean carbon storage. CO2 remained low during MIS 4 while d13C-CO2 fluctuations suggest changes in Southern Ocean and North Atlantic air-sea gas exchange. A 7 ppm increase in CO2 at the onset of Dansgaard-Oeschger event 19 (72.1 ka) and a 22 ppm increase in CO2 during late MIS 4 (Heinrich Stadial 6, ~63.5-60 ka) involved additions of isotopically light carbon to the atmosphere. The terrestrial biosphere and Southern Ocean air-sea gas exchange are possible sources, with the latter event also involving decreased ocean carbon storage.", "east": 162.0, "geometry": ["POINT(161.5 -77.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Taylor Glacier", "locations": "Taylor Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -77.7, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Menking, James; Shackleton, Sarah; Bauska, Thomas; Buffen, Aron; Brook, Edward J.; Barker, Stephen; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Dyonisius, Michael; Petrenko, Vasilii; Menking, Andy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000283", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8, "title": "Taylor Glacier CO2 Isotope Data 74-59 kyr", "uid": "601600", "west": 161.0}, {"awards": "1643664 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 16 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set consists of high-precision krypton and argon isotope measurements, along with 15N and 18O of O2. This data tests the hypothesis that the 2nd order parameter 86Krexcess (86Kr/82Kr - 40Ar/36Ar) serves as a proxy indicator of past storminess, via atmospheric pressure changes that cause barometric pumping in the firn and hence greater gravitational disequilibrium in the heavier Kr atom than in Ar. These measurements were made as part of the US-Australian Law Dome DE08-OH campaign in 2018-2019. Nitrogen and dioxygen isotopes were also measured.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Ice Core; Law Dome; Noble Gas", "locations": "Law Dome; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing Carbon-14 of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide from Law Dome, Antarctica to Constrain Long-Term Hydroxyl Radical Variability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010341", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing Carbon-14 of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide from Law Dome, Antarctica to Constrain Long-Term Hydroxyl Radical Variability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Law Dome DE08-OH site noble gases in ice: testing the 86Krexcess proxy", "uid": "601597", "west": null}, {"awards": "1643664 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 16 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set comprises measurements of noble and inert gases in the firn at the DE08-OH site sampled in 2018-2019 near the summit of Law Dome, Antarctica. The data show the expected gravitational enrichment of heavy isotopes with depth, somewhat attenuated by the high accumulation rate and a near-surface well-mixed zone (convective zone), and the \"lock-in\" horizon at 68 m depth. As seen at many other sites, the heavy isotope of oxygen 18O is depleted progressively with depth within the lock-in zone due to faster gas permeation of 16O16O relative to 18O16O from compressed air bubbles.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Firn; Firn Density; Gravitational Settling; Inert Gases; Law Dome", "locations": "Law Dome; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing Carbon-14 of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide from Law Dome, Antarctica to Constrain Long-Term Hydroxyl Radical Variability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010341", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing Carbon-14 of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide from Law Dome, Antarctica to Constrain Long-Term Hydroxyl Radical Variability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Law Dome DE08-OH firn air 15N, O2/N2, Ar/N2, 18O of O2", "uid": "601598", "west": null}, {"awards": "1903681 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161.745 -77.745,161.746 -77.745,161.747 -77.745,161.748 -77.745,161.749 -77.745,161.75 -77.745,161.751 -77.745,161.752 -77.745,161.753 -77.745,161.754 -77.745,161.755 -77.745,161.755 -77.74600000000001,161.755 -77.747,161.755 -77.748,161.755 -77.749,161.755 -77.75,161.755 -77.751,161.755 -77.752,161.755 -77.753,161.755 -77.75399999999999,161.755 -77.755,161.754 -77.755,161.753 -77.755,161.752 -77.755,161.751 -77.755,161.75 -77.755,161.749 -77.755,161.748 -77.755,161.747 -77.755,161.746 -77.755,161.745 -77.755,161.745 -77.75399999999999,161.745 -77.753,161.745 -77.752,161.745 -77.751,161.745 -77.75,161.745 -77.749,161.745 -77.748,161.745 -77.747,161.745 -77.74600000000001,161.745 -77.745))"], "date_created": "Tue, 02 Aug 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Measurements of the isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrous oxide from samples from the Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, spanning the last deglaciation (21-11 ka) and part of the last glacial period (40 to 36 ka). Data set includes the site preference of 15-N in N2O. A manuscript describing these data is currently in preparation. Data are referenced to in house air standards at OSU which are currently being cross calibrated with other laboratories. ", "east": 161.755, "geometry": ["POINT(161.75 -77.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Nitrous Oxide; Taylor Glacier", "locations": "Taylor Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -77.745, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Menking, Andy; Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -77.755, "title": "Preliminary nitrous oxide site preference isotopic data for last deglaciation from Taylor Glacier", "uid": "601592", "west": 161.745}, {"awards": "1643436 Donohoe, Aaron", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 72,-180 54,-180 36,-180 18,-180 0,-180 -18,-180 -36,-180 -54,-180 -72,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -72,180 -54,180 -36,180 -18,180 0,180 18,180 36,180 54,180 72,180 90,180 90,180 90,180 90,180 90,180 90,180 90,180 90,180 90,180 90,-180 90))"], "date_created": "Fri, 10 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The partitioning of top of atmosphere radiation into surface and atmospheric contributions using the isotropic SW model over the CERES satellite record ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": 90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Donohoe, Aaron", "project_titles": "What Processes Drive Southern Ocean Sea Ice Variability and Trends? Insights from the Energy Budget of the Coupled Cryosphere-ocean-atmosphere System", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010336", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "What Processes Drive Southern Ocean Sea Ice Variability and Trends? Insights from the Energy Budget of the Coupled Cryosphere-ocean-atmosphere System"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Partionining of CERES planetary albedo between atmospheric and surface reflection", "uid": "601579", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1643722 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -89,-171.9 -89,-163.8 -89,-155.7 -89,-147.6 -89,-139.5 -89,-131.4 -89,-123.3 -89,-115.2 -89,-107.1 -89,-99 -89,-99 -89,-99 -89,-99 -89,-99 -89,-99 -89,-99 -89,-99 -89,-99 -89,-99 -89,-99 -89,-107.1 -89,-115.2 -89,-123.3 -89,-131.4 -89,-139.5 -89,-147.6 -89,-155.7 -89,-163.8 -89,-171.9 -89,180 -89,152.2 -89,124.4 -89,96.6 -89,68.8 -89,41 -89,13.2 -89,-14.6 -89,-42.4 -89,-70.2 -89,-98 -89,-98 -89,-98 -89,-98 -89,-98 -89,-98 -89,-98 -89,-98 -89,-98 -89,-98 -89,-98 -89,-70.2 -89,-42.4 -89,-14.6 -89,13.2 -89,41 -89,68.8 -89,96.6 -89,124.4 -89,152.2 -89,-180 -89))"], "date_created": "Mon, 28 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Total air content (TAC) of the South Pole ice core (SPC14). The dataset includes 1,225 duplicate or triplicate averaged measurements along the 1,751-m length of the ice core. Measurements were made using a wet extraction technique, concurrent with discrete CH4 concentration measurements.", "east": -99.0, "geometry": ["POINT(81.5 -89)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; South Pole", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -89.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Epifanio, Jenna", "project_titles": "A High Resolution Atmospheric Methane Record from the South Pole Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010102", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "A High Resolution Atmospheric Methane Record from the South Pole Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -89.0, "title": "South Pole ice core (SPC14) total air content (TAC)", "uid": "601546", "west": -98.0}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-57.7 -64.2,-46.44 -64.2,-35.18 -64.2,-23.92 -64.2,-12.66 -64.2,-1.4 -64.2,9.86 -64.2,21.12 -64.2,32.38 -64.2,43.64 -64.2,54.9 -64.2,54.9 -65.99,54.9 -67.78,54.9 -69.57,54.9 -71.36,54.9 -73.15,54.9 -74.94,54.9 -76.73,54.9 -78.52,54.9 -80.31,54.9 -82.1,43.64 -82.1,32.38 -82.1,21.12 -82.1,9.86 -82.1,-1.4 -82.1,-12.66 -82.1,-23.92 -82.1,-35.18 -82.1,-46.44 -82.1,-57.7 -82.1,-57.7 -80.31,-57.7 -78.52,-57.7 -76.73,-57.7 -74.94,-57.7 -73.15,-57.7 -71.36,-57.7 -69.57,-57.7 -67.78,-57.7 -65.99,-57.7 -64.2))"], "date_created": "Fri, 16 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes:\r\n1) rBC concentration and flux for 6 Antarctic ice core sites (JRI_2008, JRI_D98, NUS08_7, NUS07_7, B53, and B40). \r\n2) FLEXPART backward-model emission sensitivities for 4 Antarctic ice core sites (JRI, B40, B53, NUS07_7). \r\n3) FLEXPART forward-model deposition for simulated biomass burning emissions from New Zealand.\r\n4) Tie points to constrain flow model used to develop JRI_2008 chronology.", "east": 54.9, "geometry": ["POINT(-1.4 -73.15)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biomass Burning; Black Carbon; Dronning Maud Land; East Antarctic Plateau; Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Dronning Maud Land; East Antarctic Plateau; Antarctica", "north": -64.2, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "McConnell, Joseph; Chellman, Nathan", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -82.1, "title": "Common-era black carbon deposition and atmospheric modeling for 6 Antarctic ice cores", "uid": "601464", "west": -57.7}, {"awards": "0636875 Halzen, Francis", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Mon, 12 Apr 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The following is a list of neutrino candidate events recorded by the AMANDA-II neutrino telescope during the period 2000-2006. The events are mostly from atmospheric neutrinos with a typical energy of several hundred GeV. The events include a small fraction of misreconstructed cosmic ray muon tracks, and this contamination increases near the horizon. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Amanda-ii; Antarctica; Neutrino; Neutrino Candidate Events; Neutrino Telescope; South Pole", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Astrophysics and Geospace Sciences", "persons": "Halzen, Francis; Riedel, Benedikt", "project_titles": "Management and Operations of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory 2021-2026", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010168", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Management and Operations of the IceCube Neutrino Observatory 2021-2026"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "IceCube", "south": null, "title": "Amanda 7 Year Data Set", "uid": "601438", "west": null}, {"awards": "1443144 Steig, Eric; 1443448 Schaefer, Joerg", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Wed, 03 Feb 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Experiments were conducted using ECHAM5-HAM atmospheric aerosol - climate model at horizontal resolution of T42 (~2.8\u00b0 latitude \u00d7 2.8\u00b0 longitude) with 19 vertical levels to examine the relationship between the production of 10Be in the atmosphere and its deposition at the surface. Five experiments were conducted, using a) constant 10Be production but varying, observed climate b) climatological climate of the last 50 years but varying 10Be production, c) constant 10Be production with 50-years of varying climate for 0 ka, (d) 6 ka, and (e) 21 ka, using the TraCE21 simulation to provide boundary conditions. The results will be useful for comparison with 10Be concentration records obtained from the South Pole ice core and other Antarctic and Greenland records.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; South Pole", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Ding, Qinghua; Schaefer, Joerg; Steig, Eric J.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: A High-sensitivity Beryllium-10 Record from an Ice Core at South Pole", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010158", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: A High-sensitivity Beryllium-10 Record from an Ice Core at South Pole"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "Simulations of 10Be over Antarctica", "uid": "601431", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1245659 Petrenko, Vasilii; 1246148 Severinghaus, Jeffrey; 1245821 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Mon, 02 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ice core measurements of the concentration and stable isotopic composition of atmospheric nitrous oxide (N2O) 74,000-59,000 years ago constrain marine and terrestrial emissions. The data include two major Dansgaard-Oeschger (D-O) events and the N2O decrease during global cooling at the Marine Isotope Stage (MIS) 5a-4 transition. The N2O increase associated with D-O 19 (~73-71.5 ka) was driven by equal contributions from marine and terrestrial emissions. The N2O decrease during the transition into MIS 4 (~71.5-67.5 ka) was caused by gradual reductions of similar magnitude in both marine and terrestrial sources. A 50 ppb increase in N2O concentration at the end of MIS 4 was caused by gradual increases in marine and terrestrial emissions between ~64-61 ka, followed by an abrupt increase in marine emissions at the onset of D-O 16/17 (59.5 ka). This suggests that the importance of marine versus terrestrial emissions in controlling millennial-scale N2O fluctuations varied in time.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Gas Records; Ice Core Records; Marine Isotope Stage 4; MIS 4; Nitrous Oxide; Pleistocene; Taylor Dome Ice Core; Taylor Glacier", "locations": "Taylor Glacier; Taylor Glacier; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Menking, James; Brook, Edward J.; Schilt, Adrian; Shackleton, Sarah; Dyonisius, Michael; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Petrenko, Vasilii", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000283", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Taylor Dome Ice Core", "south": null, "title": "N2O Concentration and Isotope Data for 74-59 ka from Taylor Glacier, Antarctica", "uid": "601398", "west": null}, {"awards": "1543229 Severinghaus, Jeffrey; 1543267 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 22 Oct 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Stable isotope ratios of atmospheric krypton, argon, nitrogen and oxygen were measured in late-Holocene ice core samples from nine sites in Antarctica and Greenland, for the purpose of calibrating the Kr-86 excess proxy as defined in Buizert and Severinghaus (2016).", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Bruce Plateau; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Greenland Ice Cap; Ice Core; Ice Core Chemistry; Ice Core Records; James Ross Island; Krypton; Law Dome; Low Dome Ice Core; Roosevelt Island; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core; South Pole; SPICEcore; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; South Pole; Siple Dome; Law Dome; Roosevelt Island; Greenland Ice Cap; James Ross Island; Bruce Plateau; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Buizert, Christo; Shackleton, Sarah; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Brook, Edward J.; Baggenstos, Daniel; Bereiter, Bernhard; Etheridge, David; Bertler, Nancy; Pyne, Rebecca L.; Mulvaney, Robert; Mosley-Thompson, Ellen", "project_titles": "Collaborative research: Kr-86 as a proxy for barometric pressure variability and movement of the SH westerlies during the last\r\ndeglaciation", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010037", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: Kr-86 as a proxy for barometric pressure variability and movement of the SH westerlies during the last\r\ndeglaciation"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core; SPICEcore; Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -90.0, "title": "Multi-site ice core Krypton stable isotope ratios", "uid": "601394", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1341494 Gao, Yuan", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(64 64)"], "date_created": "Mon, 24 Aug 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The dataset includes the concentrations and particle size distributions of aerosol trace elements (TEs) through the sampling of size-segregated aerosol particles made at Palmer Station, Antarctic Peninsula, which took place in the austral summer of 2016-2017. The estimated dry deposition fluxes of these elements were derived from these new results.", "east": 64.0, "geometry": ["POINT(64 64)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Palmer Station; Trace Elements", "locations": "Palmer Station; Antarctic Peninsula; Palmer Station; Antarctica", "north": 64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Gao, Yuan", "project_titles": "Quantifying Atmospheric Iron Properties over West Antarctic Peninsula", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010082", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Quantifying Atmospheric Iron Properties over West Antarctic Peninsula"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": 64.0, "title": "Concentrations and Particle Size Distributions of Aerosol Trace Elements", "uid": "601370", "west": 64.0}, {"awards": "0338359 Saltzman, Eric; 0440602 Saltzman, Eric", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 10 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This is a data set of ice core carbonyl sulfide data. Carbonyl sulfide was analyzed in air extracted from the SPRESSO ice core at 106 discrete depths as indicated in the data file. SPRESSO is a shallow, dry-drilled ice core from the South Pole. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmospheric Gases; Gas Measurement; Ice Core; Ice Core Gas Records; Trace Gases", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Aydin, Murat; Saltzman, Eric", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the Proposed WAIS Divide Drilling Site; Methyl chloride and methyl bromide in Antarctic ice cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Methyl chloride and methyl bromide in Antarctic ice cores"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000368", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the Proposed WAIS Divide Drilling Site"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Ice Core Air Carbonyl Sulfide Measurements - SPRESSO Ice Core", "uid": "601357", "west": null}, {"awards": "1443482 Mak, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 09 Jul 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Data from measurement of CO mixing ratios and stable isotopes from the South Pole Ice Core for the first ca 10,000 years BP", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CO; Delta 13C; Delta 18O; South Pole; SPICEcore", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Mak, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Using Stable Isotopes to Constrain the Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide Budget over the Last 20,000 Years", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010117", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Using Stable Isotopes to Constrain the Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide Budget over the Last 20,000 Years"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "Carbon monoxide mixing ratios and stable isotopic values, SPICE", "uid": "601356", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1907974 Saltzman, Eric", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((129.26 -89.86,130.261 -89.86,131.262 -89.86,132.263 -89.86,133.264 -89.86,134.265 -89.86,135.266 -89.86,136.267 -89.86,137.268 -89.86,138.269 -89.86,139.27 -89.86,139.27 -89.861,139.27 -89.862,139.27 -89.863,139.27 -89.864,139.27 -89.865,139.27 -89.866,139.27 -89.867,139.27 -89.868,139.27 -89.869,139.27 -89.87,138.269 -89.87,137.268 -89.87,136.267 -89.87,135.266 -89.87,134.265 -89.87,133.264 -89.87,132.263 -89.87,131.262 -89.87,130.261 -89.87,129.26 -89.87,129.26 -89.869,129.26 -89.868,129.26 -89.867,129.26 -89.866,129.26 -89.865,129.26 -89.864,129.26 -89.863,129.26 -89.862,129.26 -89.861,129.26 -89.86))"], "date_created": "Tue, 09 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains measurements of molecular hydrogen (H2) in firn air samples collected at South Pole in 2001.", "east": 139.27, "geometry": ["POINT(134.265 -89.865)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Firn; Glaciology; Hydrogen; Ice Core Records; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; South Pole", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -89.86, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Saltzman, Eric", "project_titles": "EAGER: Feasibility of Reconstructing the Atmospheric History of Molecular Hydrogen from Antarctic Ice", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010106", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: Feasibility of Reconstructing the Atmospheric History of Molecular Hydrogen from Antarctic Ice"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -89.87, "title": "H2 in South Pole firn air", "uid": "601332", "west": 129.26}, {"awards": "1643722 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(180 -90)"], "date_created": "Wed, 03 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains measurements of atmospheric methane in the South Pole Ice core made at both Oregon State University and Penn State University, as well as a gas age time scale for the core. In both laboratories methane was measured using a melt-refreeze technique to liberate extracted air and using a gas chromatograph with flame ionization detection to quantify the methane concentration, by comparison to calibrated air standards. To construct the gas time scale abrupt changes in atmospheric methane during the glacial period and centennial methane variability during the Holocene were used to synchronize the South Pole gas record with analogous data from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide ice core. Stratigraphic matching based on visual optimization was verified using an automated matching algorithm. The South Pole ice core recovers all expected changes in methane based on previous records. In combination with an existing ice age scale (Winski et al., 2019, Clim. Past, 15, 1793\u20131808) an independent estimate of the gas age-ice age difference is also provided. A full description of the data and gas age scale are provided in Epifanio et al., 2020 (Climate of the Past, 16, 2431-2444). ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(180 -90)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Gas Chromatography; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Methane; South Pole", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "A High Resolution Atmospheric Methane Record from the South Pole Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010102", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "A High Resolution Atmospheric Methane Record from the South Pole Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "South Pole Ice Core Methane Data and Gas Age Time Scale", "uid": "601329", "west": 180.0}, {"awards": "1245659 Petrenko, Vasilii", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(161.71353 -77.75855)"], "date_created": "Fri, 28 Feb 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains measurements of 14CH4 and 14CO in ice cores from Taylor Glacier, Antarctica. This includes measurements in ice from the last deglaciation (18 - 8 kyr), for the purposes of paleoatmospheric 14CH4 reconstruction. The data set also includes measurements in older ice (50 - 70 kyr) from a deep ice core, made for the purposes of studying in situ cosmogenic 14C production in ice. All data are in excel format.", "east": 161.71353, "geometry": ["POINT(161.71353 -77.75855)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon-14; Cosmogenic; Ice Core; Methane", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.75855, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Petrenko, Vasilii; Dyonisius, Michael", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000283", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Taylor Dome Ice Core", "south": -77.75855, "title": "Measurements of 14CH4 and 14CO in ice from Taylor Glacier: Last Deglaciation and Deep Core Results", "uid": "601260", "west": 161.71353}, {"awards": "1341494 Gao, Yuan", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-64.05 -64.766)"], "date_created": "Thu, 20 Feb 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The dataset includes the particle size measurements of aerosol iron (Fe) through sampling of size-segregated aerosol particles made at Palmer Station, Antarctic Peninsula, which took place in the austral summer of 2016-2017. New results include particle-size distributions of total Fe, labile Fe, and fractional Fe solubility in aerosols from these samples.", "east": -64.05, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.05 -64.766)"], "keywords": "Aerosol Concentration; Antarctica; Chemistry:gas; Chemistry:Gas; Iron; Palmer Station; Particle Size", "locations": "Palmer Station; Antarctica", "north": -64.766, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Gao, Yuan", "project_titles": "Quantifying Atmospheric Iron Properties over West Antarctic Peninsula", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010082", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Quantifying Atmospheric Iron Properties over West Antarctic Peninsula"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.766, "title": "Particle sizes of aerosol iron", "uid": "601257", "west": -64.05}, {"awards": "1443464 Sowers, Todd", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(0 -90)"], "date_created": "Wed, 11 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The overiding goal for our collaborative project is to provide the necessary data to construct an accurate gas age scale all along the SPICE core. Downcore measurements of CH4 and other species would help to constrain the ice age - gas age difference all along the core that is a prerequisite for the construction of the gas age vs depth profile that is the backbone for all atmospheric reconstructions. ", "east": 0.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -90)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmospheric CH4; Ch4; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Chemistry; Ice Core Data; Methane; Methane Concentration; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; South Pole; SPICEcore", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Sowers, Todd A.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Inert Gas and Methane Based Climate Records throughout the South Pole Deep Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010005", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Inert Gas and Methane Based Climate Records throughout the South Pole Deep Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "South Pole CH4 data for termination", "uid": "601230", "west": 0.0}, {"awards": "1443550 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-180 -90)"], "date_created": "Thu, 08 Aug 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Measurements of CO2, N2O, and the isotopic composition of CO2 from the Holocene section of SPICEcore", "east": -180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-180 -90)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon Dioxide; Ice Core Gas Records; Nitrous Oxide; South Pole; SPICEcore", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "Controls on Variations in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide During the Last 10,000 years", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010043", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Controls on Variations in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide During the Last 10,000 years"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "SPICEcore Holocene CO2 and N2O data", "uid": "601197", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1341606 Stammerjohn, Sharon", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -71.088,-179.7593 -71.088,-179.5186 -71.088,-179.2779 -71.088,-179.0372 -71.088,-178.7965 -71.088,-178.5558 -71.088,-178.3151 -71.088,-178.0744 -71.088,-177.8337 -71.088,-177.593 -71.088,-177.593 -71.5318,-177.593 -71.9756,-177.593 -72.4194,-177.593 -72.8632,-177.593 -73.307,-177.593 -73.7508,-177.593 -74.1946,-177.593 -74.6384,-177.593 -75.0822,-177.593 -75.526,-177.8337 -75.526,-178.0744 -75.526,-178.3151 -75.526,-178.5558 -75.526,-178.7965 -75.526,-179.0372 -75.526,-179.2779 -75.526,-179.5186 -75.526,-179.7593 -75.526,180 -75.526,179.1926 -75.526,178.3852 -75.526,177.5778 -75.526,176.7704 -75.526,175.963 -75.526,175.1556 -75.526,174.3482 -75.526,173.5408 -75.526,172.7334 -75.526,171.926 -75.526,171.926 -75.0822,171.926 -74.6384,171.926 -74.1946,171.926 -73.7508,171.926 -73.307,171.926 -72.8632,171.926 -72.4194,171.926 -71.9756,171.926 -71.5318,171.926 -71.088,172.7334 -71.088,173.5408 -71.088,174.3482 -71.088,175.1556 -71.088,175.963 -71.088,176.7704 -71.088,177.5778 -71.088,178.3852 -71.088,179.1926 -71.088,-180 -71.088))"], "date_created": "Wed, 10 Jul 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric boundary layer temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind profile data collected with the Small Unmanned Meteorological Observer (SUMO) unmanned aerial system (UAS) during the NBP1704 PIPERS cruise.\r\n", "east": -177.593, "geometry": ["POINT(177.1665 -73.307)"], "keywords": "Air Temperature; Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; NBP1704; PIPERS; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Southern Ocean; Temperature Profiles; UAV; Unmanned Aircraft", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -71.088, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Cassano, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -75.526, "title": "SUMO unmanned aerial system (UAS) atmospheric data", "uid": "601191", "west": 171.926}, {"awards": "1341725 Guest, Peter", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -62,-179.5 -62,-179 -62,-178.5 -62,-178 -62,-177.5 -62,-177 -62,-176.5 -62,-176 -62,-175.5 -62,-175 -62,-175 -63.6,-175 -65.2,-175 -66.8,-175 -68.4,-175 -70,-175 -71.6,-175 -73.2,-175 -74.8,-175 -76.4,-175 -78,-175.5 -78,-176 -78,-176.5 -78,-177 -78,-177.5 -78,-178 -78,-178.5 -78,-179 -78,-179.5 -78,180 -78,178.8 -78,177.6 -78,176.4 -78,175.2 -78,174 -78,172.8 -78,171.6 -78,170.4 -78,169.2 -78,168 -78,168 -76.4,168 -74.8,168 -73.2,168 -71.6,168 -70,168 -68.4,168 -66.8,168 -65.2,168 -63.6,168 -62,169.2 -62,170.4 -62,171.6 -62,172.8 -62,174 -62,175.2 -62,176.4 -62,177.6 -62,178.8 -62,-180 -62))"], "date_created": "Wed, 12 Jun 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This file contains rawinsonde data from 134 rawisnonde soundings performed during the 2017 PIPERS cruise for the period 14 April 2330 \u2013 5 June 1130 (UT). ", "east": -175.0, "geometry": ["POINT(176.5 -70)"], "keywords": "Air Temperature; Antarctica; Atmosphere; Atmospheric Surface Winds; Meteorology; NBP1704; PIPERS; Pressure; Radiosonde; Rawinsonde; Relative Humidity; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Wind Direction; Wind Speed", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Guest, Peter", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "PIPERS Meteorology Rawinsonde Data", "uid": "601185", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "1443710 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(0 -90)"], "date_created": "Sat, 02 Feb 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes major atmospheric gas and gas isotope data from the SPICECORE project, which recovered a 1750-m ice core at the South Pole in 2015. 15N, 18O of O2, O2/N2, and Ar/N2 are included.", "east": 0.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -90)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Ice Sheet; Chemistry:gas; Chemistry:Gas; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Delta 18O; Dole Effect; Firn Thickness; Gas Isotopes; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Gravitational Settling; Ice; Ice Core Chemistry; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Gas Records; Ice Core Records; Inert Gases; Nitrogen; Nitrogen Isotopes; Oxygen; Oxygen Isotope; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; South Pole; SPICEcore", "locations": "Antarctic Ice Sheet; South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Inert Gas and Methane Based Climate Records throughout the South Pole Deep Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010005", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Inert Gas and Methane Based Climate Records throughout the South Pole Deep Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "South Pole (SPICECORE) 15N, 18O, O2/N2 and Ar/N2", "uid": "601152", "west": 0.0}, {"awards": "1425989 Sarmiento, Jorge", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -20,-144 -20,-108 -20,-72 -20,-36 -20,0 -20,36 -20,72 -20,108 -20,144 -20,180 -20,180 -27,180 -34,180 -41,180 -48,180 -55,180 -62,180 -69,180 -76,180 -83,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -83,-180 -76,-180 -69,-180 -62,-180 -55,-180 -48,-180 -41,-180 -34,-180 -27,-180 -20))"], "date_created": "Fri, 14 Dec 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset include the budget terms for heat, carbon and phosphate storage tendency in \r\npre-industrial simulation and climate change simulation forced with atmospheric CO2 increasing at a rate of 1% per year run following 120 years of the pre-industrial simulation. \r\nThe results are zonally integrated. The dataset also include the meridional overturning circulation in the control and climate simulations. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Anthropogenic Heat; Atmosphere; Carbon Storage; Climate Change; Eddy; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Heat Budget; Modeling; Model Output; Oceans; Paleoclimate; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -20.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Chen, Haidi", "project_titles": "Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000197", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Southern Ocean Carbon and Climate Observations and Modeling (SOCCOM)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Model output NOAA GFDL CM2_6 Cant Hant storage", "uid": "601144", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1141939 Lubin, Dan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.31 -77.5203,166.38265 -77.5203,166.4553 -77.5203,166.52795 -77.5203,166.6006 -77.5203,166.67325 -77.5203,166.7459 -77.5203,166.81855 -77.5203,166.8912 -77.5203,166.96385 -77.5203,167.0365 -77.5203,167.0365 -77.52527,167.0365 -77.53024,167.0365 -77.53521,167.0365 -77.54018,167.0365 -77.54515,167.0365 -77.55012,167.0365 -77.55509,167.0365 -77.56006,167.0365 -77.56503,167.0365 -77.57,166.96385 -77.57,166.8912 -77.57,166.81855 -77.57,166.7459 -77.57,166.67325 -77.57,166.6006 -77.57,166.52795 -77.57,166.4553 -77.57,166.38265 -77.57,166.31 -77.57,166.31 -77.56503,166.31 -77.56006,166.31 -77.55509,166.31 -77.55012,166.31 -77.54515,166.31 -77.54018,166.31 -77.53521,166.31 -77.53024,166.31 -77.52527,166.31 -77.5203))"], "date_created": "Tue, 12 Dec 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "In this project we made fundamental measurements of cloud optical and microphysical properties at Ross Island, Antarctica, using a versatile shortwave spectroradiometer (Panalytical, Inc.) acquired for atmospheric field research by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). This instrument measures downwelling spectral irradiance at the Earth surface in the wavelength interval 350-2200 nm. From this data set one can retrieve properties of coastal Antarctic stratiform clouds including optical depth, thermodynamic phase, liquid water droplet effective radius, and ice cloud effective particle size. The instrument was installed at Arrival Heights, and measurements were made from 10 October 2012 to 4 February 2013. Spectral data recorded in one-minute averages, with some gaps for instrument maintenance and data backup, and some occasional down time when the site was inaccessible. Active satellite remote sensing data (CloudSat and CALIPSO) were used for validation and interpretation of the spectroradiometer retrievals (Scott and Lubin 2014).\r\n\t\r\n\t\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are two reasons why this measurement program remains timely. One straightforward reason involves the location of McMurdo Station, which is the US Antarctic Programs air transport entry point to the continent. Improvements in our knowledge of atmospheric physics in this region can eventually lead to improvements in numerical weather forecasting relevant to aviation. A second reason involves the recent advances in cloud microphysics for global climate model simulation. Mixed-phase cloud parameterizations have become very sophisticated, requiring validation with each new improvement. Traditional observational test cases - from the Arctic or mid-latitude storm systems - are often quite complex. A coastal Antarctic site at very high latitudes can provide more straightforward cases for testing current microphysical parameterizations. Over Ross Island aerosol and cloud nucleation sources are essentially all natural and oceanic, and cloud geometry is simple, while at the same time there is abundant supercooled cloud liquid water.\r\n\t\r\n\t\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAncillary meteorological data from the McMurdo Weather Office are also included here for help in interpreting the spectroradiometer data, including rawinsonde profiles, surface weather observations from the active ice runway, and automated FMQ19 surface weather measurements from Williams Field and Pegasus runway. For interpretation of clear sky or nearly cloud-free irradiance spectra (i.e., when a large fraction of the irradiance is directional from the Sun and not diffused by clouds), we recommend consulting Meywerk and Ramanathan (1999) for information about the Panalytical instruments cosine response.", "east": 167.0365, "geometry": ["POINT(166.67325 -77.54515)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Radiosounding; Ross Island", "locations": "Ross Island; Antarctica", "north": -77.5203, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Lubin, Dan", "project_titles": "Antarctic Cloud Physics: Fundamental Observations from Ross Island", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000327", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Cloud Physics: Fundamental Observations from Ross Island"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.57, "title": "Shortwave Spectroradiometer Data from Ross Island, Antarctica", "uid": "601074", "west": 166.31}, {"awards": "1043471 Kaplan, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-112.5 -79.468,-112.4586 -79.468,-112.4172 -79.468,-112.3758 -79.468,-112.3344 -79.468,-112.293 -79.468,-112.2516 -79.468,-112.2102 -79.468,-112.1688 -79.468,-112.1274 -79.468,-112.086 -79.468,-112.086 -79.4712,-112.086 -79.4744,-112.086 -79.4776,-112.086 -79.4808,-112.086 -79.484,-112.086 -79.4872,-112.086 -79.4904,-112.086 -79.4936,-112.086 -79.4968,-112.086 -79.5,-112.1274 -79.5,-112.1688 -79.5,-112.2102 -79.5,-112.2516 -79.5,-112.293 -79.5,-112.3344 -79.5,-112.3758 -79.5,-112.4172 -79.5,-112.4586 -79.5,-112.5 -79.5,-112.5 -79.4968,-112.5 -79.4936,-112.5 -79.4904,-112.5 -79.4872,-112.5 -79.484,-112.5 -79.4808,-112.5 -79.4776,-112.5 -79.4744,-112.5 -79.4712,-112.5 -79.468))"], "date_created": "Fri, 27 Oct 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Listed are samples of WAIS Divide and Byrd (deep) ice that were analyzed for radiogenic isotopes at LDEO.", "east": -112.086, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.293 -79.484)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Dust; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Isotope; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.468, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kaplan, Michael", "project_titles": "A Study of Atmospheric Dust in the WAIS Divide Ice Core Based on Sr-Nd-Pb-He Isotopes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000081", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "A Study of Atmospheric Dust in the WAIS Divide Ice Core Based on Sr-Nd-Pb-He Isotopes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.5, "title": "List of samples of WAIS Divide and Byrd (deep) ice that were analyzed for radiogenic isotopes at LDEO", "uid": "601065", "west": -112.5}, {"awards": "1245737 Cassano, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161.714 -77.522,162.6077 -77.522,163.5014 -77.522,164.3951 -77.522,165.2888 -77.522,166.1825 -77.522,167.0762 -77.522,167.9699 -77.522,168.8636 -77.522,169.7573 -77.522,170.651 -77.522,170.651 -77.6702,170.651 -77.8184,170.651 -77.9666,170.651 -78.1148,170.651 -78.263,170.651 -78.4112,170.651 -78.5594,170.651 -78.7076,170.651 -78.8558,170.651 -79.004,169.7573 -79.004,168.8636 -79.004,167.9699 -79.004,167.0762 -79.004,166.1825 -79.004,165.2888 -79.004,164.3951 -79.004,163.5014 -79.004,162.6077 -79.004,161.714 -79.004,161.714 -78.8558,161.714 -78.7076,161.714 -78.5594,161.714 -78.4112,161.714 -78.263,161.714 -78.1148,161.714 -77.9666,161.714 -77.8184,161.714 -77.6702,161.714 -77.522))"], "date_created": "Thu, 07 Sep 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric boundary layer temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind profile data collected with the Small Unmanned Meteorological Observer (SUMO) unmanned aerial system (UAS)", "east": 170.651, "geometry": ["POINT(166.1825 -78.263)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Navigation; UAS", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.522, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Cassano, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program 2013-2017", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000363", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Antarctic Automatic Weather Station Program 2013-2017"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.004, "title": "SUMO unmanned aerial system (UAS) atmospheric data", "uid": "601054", "west": 161.714}, {"awards": "0839093 McConnell, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161.41425 -77.73489,161.486884 -77.73489,161.559518 -77.73489,161.632152 -77.73489,161.704786 -77.73489,161.77742 -77.73489,161.850054 -77.73489,161.922688 -77.73489,161.995322 -77.73489,162.067956 -77.73489,162.14059 -77.73489,162.14059 -77.747868,162.14059 -77.760846,162.14059 -77.773824,162.14059 -77.786802,162.14059 -77.79978,162.14059 -77.812758,162.14059 -77.825736,162.14059 -77.838714,162.14059 -77.851692,162.14059 -77.86467,162.067956 -77.86467,161.995322 -77.86467,161.922688 -77.86467,161.850054 -77.86467,161.77742 -77.86467,161.704786 -77.86467,161.632152 -77.86467,161.559518 -77.86467,161.486884 -77.86467,161.41425 -77.86467,161.41425 -77.851692,161.41425 -77.838714,161.41425 -77.825736,161.41425 -77.812758,161.41425 -77.79978,161.41425 -77.786802,161.41425 -77.773824,161.41425 -77.760846,161.41425 -77.747868,161.41425 -77.73489))"], "date_created": "Mon, 19 Jun 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Black carbon (BC) and other biomass-burning (BB) aerosols are critical components of climate forcing but quantification, predictive climate modeling, and policy decisions have been hampered by limited understanding of the climate drivers of BB and by the lack of long-term records. Prior modeling studies suggested that increased Northern Hemisphere anthropogenic BC emissions increased recent temperatures and regional precipitation, including a northward shift in the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Two Antarctic ice cores were analyzed for BC and the longest record shows that the highest BC deposition during the Holocene occurred ~8-6k years before present in a period of relatively high austral burning season and low growing season insolation. Atmospheric transport modeling suggests South America (SA) as the dominant source of modern Antarctic BC and, consistent with the ice-core record, climate model experiments using mid-Holocene and preindustrial insolation simulate comparable increases in carbon loss due to fires in SA during the mid-Holocene. SA climate proxies document a northward shifted ITCZ and weakened SA Summer Monsoon (SASM) during this period, with associated impacts on hydroclimate and burning. A second Antarctic ice core spanning the last 2.5k years documents similar linkages between hydroclimate and BC, with the lowest deposition during the Little Ice Age characterized by a southerly shifted ITCZ and strengthened SASM. These new results indicate that insolation-driven changes in SA hydroclimate and BB, likely linked to the position of the ITCZ, modulated Antarctic BC deposition during most of the Holocene and suggests connections and feedbacks between future BC emissions and hydroclimate.", "east": 162.14059, "geometry": ["POINT(161.77742 -77.79978)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Black Carbon; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -77.73489, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "McConnell, Joseph; Arienzo, Monica", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Integrated High Resolution Chemical and Biological Measurements on the Deep WAIS Divide Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000273", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Integrated High Resolution Chemical and Biological Measurements on the Deep WAIS Divide Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -77.86467, "title": "Holocene Black Carbon in Antarctica", "uid": "601034", "west": 161.41425}, {"awards": "1245659 Petrenko, Vasilii", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(161.71353 -77.75855)"], "date_created": "Wed, 24 May 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains measurements of paleoatmospheric 14C of methane (14CH4) for the Younger Dryas - Preboreal Transition from Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, as well as a range of supporting data. The supporting data include [CH4], [CO], [14CO], sample ages, CH4 emissions and analysis of uncertainties.", "east": 161.71353, "geometry": ["POINT(161.71353 -77.75855)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Critical Zone; Geochemistry; Methane; Paleoclimate; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Solid Earth; Taylor Glacier; Transantarctic Mountains; Younger Dryas", "locations": "Taylor Glacier; Transantarctic Mountains; Antarctica", "north": -77.75855, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Petrenko, Vasilii; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: A \"Horizontal Ice Core\" for Large-Volume Samples of the Past Atmosphere, Taylor Glacier, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000099", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: A \"Horizontal Ice Core\" for Large-Volume Samples of the Past Atmosphere, Taylor Glacier, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.75855, "title": "Measurements of 14C-methane for the Younger Dryas - Preboreal Transition from Taylor Glacier, Antarctica", "uid": "601029", "west": 161.71353}, {"awards": "0944197 Waddington, Edwin", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"], "date_created": "Tue, 28 Mar 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS Divide, WD) ice core is a newly drilled, high-accumulation deep ice core that provides Antarctic climate records of the past ~68 ka at unprecedented temporal resolution. The upper 2850 m (back to 31.2 ka BP) have been dated using annual-layer counting. Here we present a chronology for the deep part of the core (67.8-31.2 ka BP), which is based on stratigraphic matching to annual-layer-counted Greenland ice cores using globally well-mixed atmospheric methane. We calculate the WD gas age-ice age difference (Delta age) using a combination of firn densification modeling, ice-flow modeling, and a data set of d15N-N2, a proxy for past firn column thickness. The largest Delta age at WD occurs during the Last Glacial Maximum, and is 525 +/- 120 years. Internally consistent solutions can be found only when assuming little to no influence of impurity content on densification rates, contrary to a recently proposed hypothesis. We synchronize the WD chronology to a linearly scaled version of the layer-counted Greenland Ice Core Chronology (GICC05), which brings the age of Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events into agreement with the U/Th absolutely dated Hulu Cave speleothem record. The small Delta age at WD provides valuable opportunities to investigate the timing of atmospheric greenhouse gas variations relative to Antarctic climate, as well as the interhemispheric phasing of the \\\"bipolar seesaw\\\".\n\nWe present the WD2014 chronology for the upper part (0-2850 m; 31.2 ka BP) of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide (WD) ice core. The chronology is based on counting of annual layers observed in the chemical, dust and electrical conductivity records. These layers are caused by seasonal changes in the source, transport, and deposition of aerosols. The measurements were interpreted manually and with the aid of two automated methods. We validated the chronology by comparing to two high-accuracy, absolutely dated chronologies. For the Holocene, the cosmogenic isotope records of 10Be from WAIS Divide and 14C for IntCal13 demonstrated that WD2014 was consistently accurate to better than 0.5% of the age. For the glacial period, comparisons to the Hulu Cave chronology demonstrated that WD2014 had an accuracy of better than 1% of the age at three abrupt climate change events between 27 and 31ka. WD2014 has consistently younger ages than Greenland ice core chronologies during most of the Holocene. For the Younger Dryas-Preboreal transition (11.595 ka; 24 years younger) and the Bolling-Allerod Warming (14.621 ka; 7 years younger), WD2014 ages are within the combined uncertainties of the timescales. Given its high accuracy, WD2014 can become a reference chronology for the Southern Hemisphere, with synchronization to other chronologies feasible using high-quality proxies of volcanism, solar activity, atmospheric mineral dust, and atmospheric methane concentrations.", "east": -112.1115, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Depth-Age-Model; Geochronology; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.481, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Fudge, T. J.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Establishing the Chronology and Histories of Accumulation and Ice Dynamics for the WAIS Divide Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000026", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Establishing the Chronology and Histories of Accumulation and Ice Dynamics for the WAIS Divide Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.481, "title": "WD2014: Timescale for WAIS Divide Core 2006 A (WDC-06A)", "uid": "601015", "west": -112.1115}, {"awards": "1043580 Reusch, David", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 10 Jan 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": null, "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Atmospheric Model; Climate Model; Meteorology; Paleoclimate", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Reusch, David", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000447", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs", "uid": "600386", "west": null}, {"awards": "1142083 Kyle, Philip", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(167.15334 -77.529724)"], "date_created": "Sat, 03 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Mt. Erebus is one of only a handful of volcanoes worldwide that have lava lakes with readily observable and nearly continuous Strombolian explosive activity. Erebus is also unique in having a permanent convecting lava lake of anorthoclase phonolite magma. Over the years significant infrastructure has been established at the summit of Mt. Erebus as part of the Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory (MEVO), which serves as a natural laboratory to study a wide range of volcanic processes, especially magma degassing associated with an open convecting magma conduit. The PI proposes to continue operating MEVO for a further five years. The fundamental fundamental research objectives are: to understand diffuse flank degassing by using distributed temperature sensing and gas measurements in ice caves, to understand conduit processes, and to examine the environmental impact of volcanic emissions from Erebus on atmospheric and cryospheric environments. To examine conduit processes the PI will make simultaneous observations with video records, thermal imaging, measurements of gas emission rates and gas compositions, seismic, and infrasound data.\n An important aspect of Erebus research is the education and training of students. Both graduate and undergraduate students will have the opportunity to work on MEVO data and deploy to the field site. In addition, this proposal will support a middle or high school science teacher for two field seasons. The PI will also continue working with various media organizations and filmmakers.\nThis dataset contains video taken from a series of cameras that were installed at Shackleton\u0027s Cairn (-77.525337, 167.157509) looking into the lava lake. This dataset contains all such video taken between 2005 and 2011. Camera downlink depended on power at a relay station at the Cones site. The camera was operational during G-081 field seasons and often for a period of weeks or months thereafter.", "east": 167.15334, "geometry": ["POINT(167.15334 -77.529724)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cable Observatory; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Infrared Imagery; Intracontinental Magmatism; IntraContinental Magmatism; MEVO; Mount Erebus; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Ross Island; Solid Earth; Thermal Camera; Volcano", "locations": "Ross Island; Mount Erebus; Antarctica", "north": -77.529724, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Oppenheimer, Clive; Kyle, Philip", "project_titles": "Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory: Operations, Science and Outreach (MEVO-OSO)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000383", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory: Operations, Science and Outreach (MEVO-OSO)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "MEVO", "south": -77.529724, "title": "Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory: Operations, Science and Outreach (MEVO-OSO)", "uid": "600381", "west": 167.15334}, {"awards": "1043554 Willenbring, Jane", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(161.5 -77.5)"], "date_created": "Wed, 09 Nov 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The PIs propose to address the question of whether ice surface melting zones developed at high elevations during warm climatic phases in the Transantarctic Mountains. Evidence from sediment cores drilled by the ANDRILL program indicates that open water in the Ross Sea could have been a source of warmth during Pliocene and Pleistocene. The question is whether marine warmth penetrated inland to the ice sheet margins. The glacial record may be ill suited to answer this question, as cold-based glaciers may respond too slowly to register brief warmth. Questions also surround possible orbital controls on regional climate and ice sheet margins. Northern Hemisphere insolation at obliquity and precession timescales is thought to control Antarctic climate through oceanic or atmospheric connections, but new thinking suggests that the duration of Southern Hemisphere summer may be more important. The PIs propose to use high elevation alluvial deposits in the Transantarctic Mountains as a proxy for inland warmth. These relatively young fans, channels, and debris flow levees stand out as visible evidence for the presence of melt water in an otherwise ancient, frozen landscape. Based on initial analyses of an alluvial fan in the Olympus Range, these deposits are sensitive recorders of rare melt events that occur at orbital timescales. For their study they will 1) map alluvial deposits using aerial photography, satellite imagery and GPS assisted field surveys to establish water sources and to quantify parameters effecting melt water production, 2) date stratigraphic sequences within these deposits using OSL, cosmogenic nuclide, and interbedded volcanic ash chronologies, 3) use paired nuclide analyses to estimate exposure and burial times, and rates of deposition and erosion, and 4) use micro and regional scale climate modeling to estimate paleoenvironmental conditions associated with melt events.\nThis study will produce a record of inland melting from sites adjacent to ice sheet margins to help determine controls on regional climate along margins of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to aid ice sheet and sea level modeling studies. The proposal will support several graduate and undergraduates. A PhD student will be supported on existing funding. The PIs will work with multiple K-12 schools to conduct interviews and webcasts from Antarctica and they will make follow up visits to classrooms after the field season is complete.", "east": 161.5, "geometry": ["POINT(161.5 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Cosmogenic Radionuclides; Geochronology; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Isotope; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Transantarctic Mountains; Antarctica", "north": -77.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Willenbring, Jane", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Activation of high-elevation alluvial fans in the Transantarctic Mountains - a proxy for Plio-Pleistocene warmth along East Antarctic ice margins", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000429", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Activation of high-elevation alluvial fans in the Transantarctic Mountains - a proxy for Plio-Pleistocene warmth along East Antarctic ice margins"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.5, "title": "Activation of high-elevation alluvial fans in the Transantarctic Mountains - a proxy for Plio-Pleistocene warmth along East Antarctic ice margins", "uid": "600379", "west": 161.5}, {"awards": "0839059 Powell, Ross", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-168.7 -82.3,-168.69 -82.3,-168.68 -82.3,-168.67 -82.3,-168.66 -82.3,-168.65 -82.3,-168.64 -82.3,-168.63 -82.3,-168.62 -82.3,-168.61 -82.3,-168.6 -82.3,-168.6 -82.31,-168.6 -82.32,-168.6 -82.33,-168.6 -82.34,-168.6 -82.35,-168.6 -82.36,-168.6 -82.37,-168.6 -82.38,-168.6 -82.39,-168.6 -82.4,-168.61 -82.4,-168.62 -82.4,-168.63 -82.4,-168.64 -82.4,-168.65 -82.4,-168.66 -82.4,-168.67 -82.4,-168.68 -82.4,-168.69 -82.4,-168.7 -82.4,-168.7 -82.39,-168.7 -82.38,-168.7 -82.37,-168.7 -82.36,-168.7 -82.35,-168.7 -82.34,-168.7 -82.33,-168.7 -82.32,-168.7 -82.31,-168.7 -82.3))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The LISSARD project (Lake and Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) is one of three research components of the WISSARD integrative initiative (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) that is being funded by the Antarctic Integrated System Science Program of NSF\u0027s Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. The overarching scientific objective of WISSARD is to assess the role of water beneath a West Antarctic ice stream in interlinked glaciological, geological, microbiological, geochemical, and oceanographic systems. The LISSARD component of WISSARD focuses on the role of active subglacial lakes in determining how fast the West Antarctic ice sheet loses mass to the global ocean and influences global sea level changes. The importance of Antarctic subglacial lakes has only been recently recognized, and the lakes have been identified as high priority targets for scientific investigations because of their unknown contributions to ice sheet stability under future global warming scenarios. LISSARD has several primary science goals: A) To provide an observational basis for improving treatments of subglacial hydrological and mechanical processes in models of ice sheet mass balance and stability; B) To reconstruct the past history of ice stream stability by analyzing archives of past basal water and ice flow variability contained in subglacial sediments, porewater, lake water, and basal accreted ice; C) To provide background understanding of subglacial lake environments to benefit RAGES and GBASE (the other two components of the WISSARD project); and D) To synthesize data and concepts developed as part of this project to determine whether subglacial lakes play an important role in (de)stabilizing Antarctic ice sheets. We propose an unprecedented synthesis of approaches to studying ice sheet processes, including: (1) satellite remote sensing, (2) surface geophysics, (3) borehole observations and measurements and, (4) basal and subglacial sampling.\nThe latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recognized that the greatest uncertainties in assessing future global sea-level change stem from a poor understanding of ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet vulnerability to oceanic and atmospheric warming. Disintegration of the WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) alone would contribute 3-5 m to global sea-level rise, making WAIS a focus of scientific concern due to its potential susceptibility to internal or ocean-driven instability. The overall WISSARD project will test the overarching hypothesis that active water drainage connects various subglacial environments and exerts major control on ice sheet flow, geochemistry, metabolic and phylogenetic diversity, and biogeochemical transformations.\nSocietal Relevance: Global warming, melting of ice sheets and consequential sea-level rise are of high societal relevance. Science Resource Development: After a 9-year hiatus WISSARD will provide the US-science community with a renewed capability to access and study sub-ice sheet environments. Developing this technological infrastructure will benefit the broader science community and assets will be accessible for future use through the NSF-OPP drilling contractor. Furthermore, these projects will pioneer an approach implementing recommendations from the National Research Council committee on Principles of Environmental Stewardship for the Exploration and Study of Subglacial Environments (2007). Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating them in our research programs; ii) introducing new investigators to the polar sciences by incorporating promising young investigators in our programs, iii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by incorporating various teachers and NSTA programs, and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as popular science magazines, museum based activities and videography and documentary films. In summary, WISSARD will promote scientific exploration of Antarctica by conveying to the public the excitement of accessing and studying what may be some of the last unexplored aquatic environments on Earth, and which represent a potential analogue for extraterrestrial life habitats on Europa and Mars.", "east": -168.6, "geometry": ["POINT(-168.65 -82.35)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Diatom; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Lake Whillans; Paleoclimate; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Subglacial Lake; WISSARD", "locations": "Lake Whillans; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -82.3, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Powell, Ross", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000105", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -82.4, "title": "Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability and Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake and Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)", "uid": "600154", "west": -168.7}, {"awards": "1043580 Reusch, David", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -47,-144 -47,-108 -47,-72 -47,-36 -47,0 -47,36 -47,72 -47,108 -47,144 -47,180 -47,180 -51.3,180 -55.6,180 -59.9,180 -64.2,180 -68.5,180 -72.8,180 -77.1,180 -81.4,180 -85.7,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -85.7,-180 -81.4,-180 -77.1,-180 -72.8,-180 -68.5,-180 -64.2,-180 -59.9,-180 -55.6,-180 -51.3,-180 -47))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The presence of ice ponds from surface melting of glacial ice can be a significant threshold in assessing the stability of ice sheets, and their overall response to a warming climate. Snow melt has a much reduced albedo, leading to additional seasonal melting from warming insolation. Water run-off not only contributes to the mass loss of ice sheets directly, but meltwater reaching the glacial ice bed may lubricate faster flow of ice sheets towards the ocean. Surficial meltwater may also reach the grounding lines of glacial ice through the wedging open of existing crevasses. The occurrence and amount of meltwater refreeze has even been suggested as a paleo proxy of near-surface atmospheric temperature regimes.\nUsing contemporary remote sensing (microwave) satellite assessment of surface melt occurrence and extent, the predictive skill of regional meteorological models and reanalyses (e.g. WRF, ERA-Interim) to describe the synoptic conditions favourable to surficial melt is to be investigated. Statistical approaches and pattern recognition techniques are argued to provide a context for projecting future ice sheet change.\nThe previous Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4) commented on our lack of understanding of ice-sheet mass balance processes in polar regions and the potential for sea-level change. The IPPC suggested that the forthcoming AR5 efforts highlight regional cryosphere modeling efforts, such as is proposed here.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Climate Model; Meteorology; Surface Melt", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -47.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Reusch, David", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000447", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs", "uid": "600166", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0839031 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(161.71965 -77.76165)"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to develop a precise gas-based chronology for an archive of large-volume samples of the ancient atmosphere, which would enable ultra-trace gas measurements that are currently precluded by sample size limitations of ice cores. The intellectual merit of the proposed work is that it will provide a critical test of the \u0027clathrate hypothesis\u0027 that methane clathrates contributed to the two abrupt atmospheric methane concentration increases during the last deglaciation 15 and 11 kyr ago. This approach employs large volumes of ice (\u003e1 ton) to measure carbon-14 on past atmospheric methane across the abrupt events. Carbon-14 is an ideal discriminator of fossil sources of methane to the atmosphere, because most methane sources (e.g., wetlands, termites, biomass burning) are rich in carbon-14, whereas clathrates and other fossil sources are devoid of carbon-14. The proposed work is a logical extension to Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, of an approach pioneered at the margin of the Greenland ice sheet over the past 7 years. The Greenland work found higher-than-expected carbon-14 values, likely due in part to contaminants stemming from the high impurity content of Greenland ice and the interaction of the ice with sediments from the glacier bed. The data also pointed to the possibility of a previously unknown process, in-situ cosmogenic production of carbon-14 methane (radiomethane) in the ice matrix. Antarctic ice in Taylor Glacier is orders of magnitude cleaner than the ice at the Greenland site, and is much colder and less stratigraphically disturbed, offering the potential for a clear resolution of this puzzle and a definitive test of the cosmogenic radiomethane hypothesis. Even if cosmogenic radiomethane in ice is found, it still may be possible to reconstruct atmospheric radiomethane with a correction enabled by a detailed understanding of the process, which will be sought by co-measuring carbon-14 in carbon monoxide and carbon dioxide. The broader impacts of the proposed work are that the clathrate test may shed light on the stability of the clathrate reservoir and its potential for climate feedbacks under human-induced warming. Development of Taylor Glacier as a \u0027horizontal ice core\u0027 would provide a community resource for other researchers. Education of one postdoc, one graduate student, and one undergraduate, would add to human resources. This award has field work in Antarctica.", "east": 161.71965, "geometry": ["POINT(161.71965 -77.76165)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cosmogenic; Geochemistry; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Radiocarbon; Taylor Glacier; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Taylor Glacier; Transantarctic Mountains; Antarctica", "north": -77.76165, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: A \"Horizontal Ice Core\" for Large-Volume Samples of the Past Atmosphere, Taylor Glacier, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000099", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: A \"Horizontal Ice Core\" for Large-Volume Samples of the Past Atmosphere, Taylor Glacier, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.76165, "title": "Measurements of in situ cosmogenic 14C from Taylor Glacier, Antarctica", "uid": "600165", "west": 161.71965}, {"awards": "1245821 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(162.167 -77.733)"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to use the Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, ablation zone to collect ice samples for a range of paleoenvironmental studies. A record of carbon-14 of atmospheric methane (14CH4) will be obtained for the last deglaciation and the Early Holocene, together with a supporting record of CH4 stable isotopes. In-situ cosmogenic 14C content and partitioning of 14C between different species (14CH4, C-14 carbon monoxide (14CO) and C-14 carbon dioxide (14CO2)) will be determined with unprecedented precision in ice from the surface down to ~67 m. Further age-mapping of the ablating ice stratigraphy will take place using a combination of CH4, CO2, and delta 18O of oxygen gas and H2O stable isotopes. High precision, high-resolution records of CO2, delta 13C of CO2, nitrous oxide (N2O) and N2O isotopes will be obtained for the last deglaciation and intervals during the last glacial period. The potential of 14CO2 and Krypton-81 (81Kr) as absolute dating tools for glacial ice will be investigated. The intellectual merit of proposed work includes the fact that the response of natural methane sources to continuing global warming is uncertain, and available evidence is insufficient to rule out the possibility of catastrophic releases from large 14C-depleted reservoirs such as CH4 clathrates and permafrost. The proposed paleoatmospheric 14CH4 record will improve our understanding of the possible magnitude and timing of CH4 release from these reservoirs during a large climatic warming. A thorough understanding of in-situ cosmogenic 14C in glacial ice (production rates by different mechanisms and partitioning between species) is currently lacking. Such an understanding will likely enable the use of in-situ 14CO in ice at accumulation sites as a reliable, uncomplicated tracer of the past cosmic ray flux and possibly past solar activity, as well as the use of 14CO2 at both ice accumulation and ice ablation sites as an absolute dating tool. Significant gaps remain in our understanding of the natural carbon cycle, as well as in its responses to global climate change. The proposed high-resolution, high-precision records of delta 13C of CO2 would provide new information on carbon cycle changes both during times of rising CO2 in a warming climate and falling CO2 in a cooling climate. N2O is an important greenhouse gas that increased by ~30% during the last deglaciation. The causes of this increase are still largely uncertain, and the proposed high-precision record of N2O concentration and isotopes would provide further insights into N2O source changes in a warming world. The broader impacts of proposed work include an improvement in our understanding of the response of these greenhouse gas budgets to global warming and inform societally important model projections of future climate change. The continued age-mapping of Taylor Glacier ablation ice will add value to this high-quality, easily accessible archive of natural environmental variability. Establishing 14CO as a robust new tracer for past cosmic ray flux would inform paleoclimate studies and constitute a valuable contribution to the study of the societally important issue of climate change. The proposed work will contribute to the development of new laboratory and field analytical systems. The data from the study will be made available to the scientific community and the broad public through the NSIDC and NOAA Paleoclimatology data centers. 1 graduate student each will be trained at UR, OSU and SIO, and the work will contribute to the training of a postdoc at OSU. 3 UR undergraduates will be involved in fieldwork and research. The work will support a new, junior UR faculty member, Petrenko. All PIs have a strong history of and commitment to scientific outreach in the forms of media interviews, participation in filming of field projects, as well as speaking to schools and the public about their research, and will continue these activities as part of the proposed work. This award has field work in Antarctica.", "east": 162.167, "geometry": ["POINT(162.167 -77.733)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Geochemistry; Ice Core Records; Isotope; Paleoclimate; Taylor Glacier; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Taylor Glacier; Transantarctic Mountains; Antarctica", "north": -77.733, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000283", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.733, "title": "The Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, Horizontal Ice Core: Exploring changes in the Natural Methane Budget in a Warming World and Expanding the Paleo-archive", "uid": "600163", "west": 162.167}, {"awards": "1141973 Tedesco, Marco", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-94.7374 -56.9464,-89.23679 -56.9464,-83.73618 -56.9464,-78.23557 -56.9464,-72.73496 -56.9464,-67.23435 -56.9464,-61.73374 -56.9464,-56.23313 -56.9464,-50.73252 -56.9464,-45.23191 -56.9464,-39.7313 -56.9464,-39.7313 -59.19838,-39.7313 -61.45036,-39.7313 -63.70234,-39.7313 -65.95432,-39.7313 -68.2063,-39.7313 -70.45828,-39.7313 -72.71026,-39.7313 -74.96224,-39.7313 -77.21422,-39.7313 -79.4662,-45.23191 -79.4662,-50.73252 -79.4662,-56.23313 -79.4662,-61.73374 -79.4662,-67.23435 -79.4662,-72.73496 -79.4662,-78.23557 -79.4662,-83.73618 -79.4662,-89.23679 -79.4662,-94.7374 -79.4662,-94.7374 -77.21422,-94.7374 -74.96224,-94.7374 -72.71026,-94.7374 -70.45828,-94.7374 -68.2063,-94.7374 -65.95432,-94.7374 -63.70234,-94.7374 -61.45036,-94.7374 -59.19838,-94.7374 -56.9464))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to generate first-time validated enhanced spatial resolution (5-10 km) maps of surface melting over the Antarctic Peninsula for the period 1958 - to date from the outputs of a regional climate model and different downscaling techniques. These maps will be assessed and validated through new high spatial resolution (2.25 km) surface melting maps obtained from the QuikSCAT satellite for the period 1999 - 2009. The intellectual merit of this work is that it would be the first time that the outputs of a regional climate model would be used to study surface melting over Antarctica at such high spatial resolution and the first time that such results are validated by means of an observational tool that has such a large spatial coverage and high spatial resolution. The results generated in this study would also provide a first-time opportunity to study the melt distribution over the Peninsula and its correlation with climate drivers, such as the Southern Annual Mode (SAM) and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at these unprecedented spatial scales. The enhanced resolution melting maps will also offer a unique opportunity to study melting trends and patterns over specific regions of the Peninsula, such as the Wilkins and the Larsen A and B ice shelves and evaluate whether the extreme melting observed during the recent collapses was unprecedented over the + 50 years. The broader impacts of the project are that it will integrate research and education by fully supporting one female undergrad student, a PhD student and partially supporting a PostDoc. The work will be done at a minority-serving institution and the PhD student who worked on the development of the high-resolution melting data set from QuikSCAT will become the PostDoc who will work on this project. Teaching and learning will be supported by incorporating research results into graduate and undergrad level courses and will be disseminated over the web and through appropriate channels. Results from this project will also benefit the society at large as they will improve our understanding of the links between atmospheric patterns and surface melting and they will contribute to improving estimates of sea level rise from the Antarctica continent.", "east": -39.7313, "geometry": ["POINT(-67.23435 -68.2063)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Climate; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Meteorology; Model", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -56.9464, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Tedesco, Marco", "project_titles": "Enhanced Spatial Resolution Surface Melting over the Antarctic Peninsula (1958 - to date) from a Regional Climate Model Validated through Remote Sensing Observations", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000313", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Enhanced Spatial Resolution Surface Melting over the Antarctic Peninsula (1958 - to date) from a Regional Climate Model Validated through Remote Sensing Observations"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.4662, "title": "Enhanced Spatial Resolution Surface Melting over the Antarctic Peninsula (1958 - to date) from a Regional Climate Model Validated through Remote Sensing Observations", "uid": "600160", "west": -94.7374}, {"awards": "1043145 Obbard, Rachel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((164.1005 -77.1188,164.36443 -77.1188,164.62836 -77.1188,164.89229 -77.1188,165.15622 -77.1188,165.42015 -77.1188,165.68408 -77.1188,165.94801 -77.1188,166.21194 -77.1188,166.47587 -77.1188,166.7398 -77.1188,166.7398 -77.19337,166.7398 -77.26794,166.7398 -77.34251,166.7398 -77.41708,166.7398 -77.49165,166.7398 -77.56622,166.7398 -77.64079,166.7398 -77.71536,166.7398 -77.78993,166.7398 -77.8645,166.47587 -77.8645,166.21194 -77.8645,165.94801 -77.8645,165.68408 -77.8645,165.42015 -77.8645,165.15622 -77.8645,164.89229 -77.8645,164.62836 -77.8645,164.36443 -77.8645,164.1005 -77.8645,164.1005 -77.78993,164.1005 -77.71536,164.1005 -77.64079,164.1005 -77.56622,164.1005 -77.49165,164.1005 -77.41708,164.1005 -77.34251,164.1005 -77.26794,164.1005 -77.19337,164.1005 -77.1188))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "A range of chemical and microphysical pathways in polar latitudes, including spring time (tropospheric) ozone depletion, oxidative pathways for mercury, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) production leading to changes in the cloud cover and attendant surface energy budgets, have been invoked as being dependent upon the emission of halogen gases formed in sea-ice.\nThe prospects for climate warming induced reductions in sea ice extent causing alteration of these incompletely known surface-atmospheric feedbacks and interactions requires confirmation of mechanistic details in both laboratory studies and field campaigns. One such mechanistic question is how bromine (BrO and Br) enriched snow migrates or is formed through processes in sea-ice, prior to its subsequent mobilization as an aerosol fraction into the atmosphere by strong winds. Once aloft, it may react with ozone and other atmospheric species. Dartmouth researchers will collect snow from the surface of sea ice, from freely blowing snow and in sea-ice cores from Cape Byrd, Ross Sea. A range of spectroscopic, microanalytic and and microstructural approaches will be subsequently used to determine the Br distribution gradients through sea-ice, in order to shed light on how sea-ice first forms and then releases bromine species into the polar atmospheric boundary layer.", "east": 166.7398, "geometry": ["POINT(165.42015 -77.49165)"], "keywords": "Atmosphere; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Critical Zone; Crystals; Glaciology; Oceans; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Snow; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.1188, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Obbard, Rachel", "project_titles": "Bromide in Snow in the Sea Ice Zone", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000414", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Bromide in Snow in the Sea Ice Zone"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8645, "title": "Bromide in Snow in the Sea Ice Zone", "uid": "600158", "west": 164.1005}, {"awards": "0839107 Powell, Ross", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-163.7 -84,-163.68 -84,-163.66 -84,-163.64 -84,-163.62 -84,-163.6 -84,-163.58 -84,-163.56 -84,-163.54 -84,-163.52 -84,-163.5 -84,-163.5 -84.05,-163.5 -84.1,-163.5 -84.15,-163.5 -84.2,-163.5 -84.25,-163.5 -84.3,-163.5 -84.35,-163.5 -84.4,-163.5 -84.45,-163.5 -84.5,-163.52 -84.5,-163.54 -84.5,-163.56 -84.5,-163.58 -84.5,-163.6 -84.5,-163.62 -84.5,-163.64 -84.5,-163.66 -84.5,-163.68 -84.5,-163.7 -84.5,-163.7 -84.45,-163.7 -84.4,-163.7 -84.35,-163.7 -84.3,-163.7 -84.25,-163.7 -84.2,-163.7 -84.15,-163.7 -84.1,-163.7 -84.05,-163.7 -84))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The RAGES project (Robotic Access to Grounding zones for Exploration and Science) is one of three research components of the WISSARD (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) integrative initiative that is being funded by the Antarctic Integrated System Science Program of NSF\u0027s Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. The overarching scientific objective of WISSARD is to assess the role of water beneath a West Antarctic ice stream in interlinked glaciological, geological, microbiological, geochemical, and oceanographic systems. The RAGES component of WISSARD concentrates on the stability of ice stream grounding zones (GZ), the area where the ice, ocean waters and glacial and sea floor sediment interact. Based on our present limited data and modeling efforts, GZs can be perturbed by (i) internal ice stream dynamics, (ii) filling/draining cycles of subglacial lakes, (iii) increased melting by warming ocean waters, and/or (iv) rates of subglacial sediment (till) supply to the GZ. GZs are seen as high priority targets to investigate due to their unknown contributions to ice sheet stability under future global warming scenarios. The three main science goals for RAGES are to assess: (a) West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) stability relative to the magnitudes of the four main variables listed above; (b) the degree to which grounding-zone sedimentary systems house important records of past WAIS dynamics; and (c) the importance of microbial activity and subglacial geochemical weathering in supplying nutrients to the WAIS grounding zone, the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) cavity, and the highly productive Southern Ocean that may ultimately influence global biogeochemical cycles. The RAGES field sampling plan integrates surface geophysical surveys with borehole and subglacial sampling and measurements. The boreholes provide: (1) samples of subglacial water, sediments, and basal ice for biological, geochemical, glaciological, sedimentological, and micropaleontological analyses; (2) measures of subglacial and sub-ice-shelf cavity physical and chemical conditions and their spatial variability; and (3) data on sediment types, state and change of the subglacial water discharge, oceanography, and basal ice at the grounding line and within the nearby sub-ice-shelf cavity. Unique tools to be deployed include a multisensor Sub-Ice ROVer (Remotely Operated Vehicle) and long-term, sub-ice oceanographic moorings.\nThe latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recognized that the greatest uncertainties in assessing future global sea-level change stem from a poor understanding of ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet vulnerability to oceanic and atmospheric warming. Disintegration of the WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) alone would contribute 3-5 m to global sea-level rise, making WAIS a focus of scientific concern due to its potential susceptibility to internal or ocean-driven instability. The overall WISSARD project will test the overarching hypothesis that active water drainage connects various subglacial environments and exerts major control on ice sheet flow, geochemistry, metabolic and phylogenetic diversity, and biogeochemical transformations.\nSocietal Relevance: Global warming, melting of ice sheets and consequential sea-level rise are of high societal relevance. Science Resource Development: After a 9-year hiatus WISSARD will provide the US-science community with a renewed capability to access and study sub-ice sheet environments. Developing this technological infrastructure will benefit the broader science community and assets will be accessible for future use through the NSF-OPP drilling contractor. The RAGES project represents a significant advance in polar technology by incorporating the use of complex new instrumentation like the Sub-Ice ROVer and subglacial ocean/lake mooring systems. Furthermore, these projects will pioneer an approach implementing recommendations from the National Research Council committee on Principles of Environmental Stewardship for the Exploration and Study of Subglacial Environments (2007). Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating them in our research programs; ii) introducing new investigators to the polar sciences by incorporating promising young investigators in our programs, iii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by incorporating various teachers and NSTA programs, and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as popular science magazines, museum based activities and videography and documentary films. In summary, WISSARD will promote scientific exploration of Antarctica by conveying to the public the excitement of accessing and studying what may be some of the last unexplored aquatic environments on Earth, and which represent a potential analogue for extraterrestrial life habitats on Europa and Mars.", "east": -163.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-163.6 -84.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Oceans; Southern Ocean; WISSARD", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -84.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Powell, Ross", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000105", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.5, "title": "Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability and Subglacial Life Habitats - Robotic Access to Grounding-zones for Exploration and Science (RAGES)", "uid": "600155", "west": -163.7}, {"awards": "0739766 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.08 -79.46)"], "date_created": "Tue, 06 Oct 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The data are measurements of carbon dioxide (CO\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) from the WAIS Divide Ice Core, WDC06A, Antarctica.", "east": -112.08, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.08 -79.46)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.46, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.; Marcott, Shaun", "project_titles": "Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change: The WAIS Divide Ice Core Record", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000044", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Climate Change: The WAIS Divide Ice Core Record"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.46, "title": "WAIS Divide Ice Core CO2", "uid": "609651", "west": -112.08}, {"awards": "1142010 Talghader, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-148.81 -79.42,-145.111 -79.42,-141.412 -79.42,-137.713 -79.42,-134.014 -79.42,-130.315 -79.42,-126.616 -79.42,-122.917 -79.42,-119.218 -79.42,-115.519 -79.42,-111.82 -79.42,-111.82 -79.643,-111.82 -79.866,-111.82 -80.089,-111.82 -80.312,-111.82 -80.535,-111.82 -80.758,-111.82 -80.981,-111.82 -81.204,-111.82 -81.427,-111.82 -81.65,-115.519 -81.65,-119.218 -81.65,-122.917 -81.65,-126.616 -81.65,-130.315 -81.65,-134.014 -81.65,-137.713 -81.65,-141.412 -81.65,-145.111 -81.65,-148.81 -81.65,-148.81 -81.427,-148.81 -81.204,-148.81 -80.981,-148.81 -80.758,-148.81 -80.535,-148.81 -80.312,-148.81 -80.089,-148.81 -79.866,-148.81 -79.643,-148.81 -79.42))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to combine the expertise of both glaciologists and optical engineers to develop polarization- preserving optical scattering techniques for borehole tools to identify changes in high-resolution crystal structure (fabric) and dust content of glacial ice. The intellectual merit of this work is that the fabric and impurity content of the ice contain details on climate, volcanic activity and ice flow history. Such fabric measurements are currently taken by slicing an ice core into sections after it has started to depressurize which is an extremely time-intensive process that damages the core and does not always preserve the properties of ice in its in-situ state. In addition the ice core usually must be consumed in order to measure the components of the dust. The fabric measurements of this study utilize the concept that singly-scattered light in ice preserves most of its polarization when it is backscattered once from bubbles or dust; therefore, changes to the polarization of singly-backscattered light must originate with the birefringence. Measurements based on this concept will enable this program to obtain continuous records of fabric and correlate them to chronology and dust content. The project will also develop advanced borehole instruments to replace current logging tools, which require optical sources, detectors and power cables to be submerged in borehole fluid and lowered into the ice sheet at temperatures of -50oC. The use of telecommunications fiber will allow all sources and detectors to remain at the surface and enable low-noise signal processing techniques such as lock-in amplification that increase signal integrity and reduce needed power. Further, fiber logging systems would be much smaller and more flexible than current tools and capable of navigating most boreholes without a heavy winch. In order to assess fabric in situ and test fiber-optic borehole tools, field measurements will be made at WAIS Divide and a deep log will also be made at Siple Dome, both in West Antarctica. If successful, the broader impacts of the proposed research would include the development of new analytical methods and lightweight logging tools for ice drilling research that can operate in boreholes drilled in ice. Eventually the work could result in the development of better prehistoric records of glacier flow, atmospheric particulates, precipitation, and climate forcing. The project encompasses a broad base of theoretical, experimental, and design work, which makes it ideal for training graduate students and advanced undergraduates. Collaboration with schools and classroom teachers will help bring aspects of optics, climate, and polar science to an existing Middle School curriculum.", "east": -111.82, "geometry": ["POINT(-130.315 -80.535)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Ash Layer; Borehole Camera; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.42, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Talghader, Joseph", "project_titles": "Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000339", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -81.65, "title": "Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice (1142010)", "uid": "600172", "west": -148.81}, {"awards": "1043657 Cassano, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -74.5,163.9 -74.5,164.8 -74.5,165.7 -74.5,166.6 -74.5,167.5 -74.5,168.4 -74.5,169.3 -74.5,170.2 -74.5,171.1 -74.5,172 -74.5,172 -74.9,172 -75.3,172 -75.7,172 -76.1,172 -76.5,172 -76.9,172 -77.3,172 -77.7,172 -78.1,172 -78.5,171.1 -78.5,170.2 -78.5,169.3 -78.5,168.4 -78.5,167.5 -78.5,166.6 -78.5,165.7 -78.5,164.8 -78.5,163.9 -78.5,163 -78.5,163 -78.1,163 -77.7,163 -77.3,163 -76.9,163 -76.5,163 -76.1,163 -75.7,163 -75.3,163 -74.9,163 -74.5))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic coastal polynas are, at the same time, sea-ice free sites and \u0027sea-ice factories\u0027. They are open water surface locations where water mass transformation and densification occurs, and where atmospheric exchanges with the deep ocean circulation are established. Various models of the formation and persistence of these productive and diverse ocean ecosystems are hampered by the relative lack of in situ meteorological and physical oceanographic observations, especially during the inhospitable conditions of their formation and activity during the polar night.\n\nCharacterization of the lower atmosphere properties, air-sea surface heat fluxes and corresponding ocean hydrographic profiles of Antarctic polynyas, especially during strong wind events, is sought for a more detailed understanding of the role of polynyas in the production of latent-heat type sea ice and the formation, through sea ice brine rejection, of dense ocean bottom waters.\n\nA key technological innovation in this work continues to be the use of instrumented unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), to enable the persistent and safe observation of the interaction of light and strong katabatic wind fields, and mesocale cyclones in the Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Antarctica) polynya waters during late winter and early summer time frames.\n", "east": 172.0, "geometry": ["POINT(167.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Navigation; Oceans; Southern Ocean; Unmanned Aircraft", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -74.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Cassano, John; Palo, Scott", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000417", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica", "uid": "600125", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "0636953 Saltzman, Eric", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(158.43 -77.48)"], "date_created": "Wed, 10 Sep 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes methyl chloride (CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCI) measurements made on air extracted from 62 samples from the Taylor Dome M3C1 ice core in East Antarctica. CH\u003csub\u003e3\u003c/sub\u003eCI was measured in air from the Taylor Dome ice core to reconstruct an atmospheric record for the Holocene (11-0 kyr B.P.) and part of the last glacial period (50-30 kyr B.P.).", "east": 158.43, "geometry": ["POINT(158.43 -77.48)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Taylor Dome; Taylor Dome Ice Core", "locations": "Taylor Dome; Antarctica", "north": -77.48, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat", "project_titles": "Methyl Chloride, Methyl Bromide, and Carbonyl Sulfide in Deep Antarctic Ice Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000042", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Methyl Chloride, Methyl Bromide, and Carbonyl Sulfide in Deep Antarctic Ice Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Taylor Dome Ice Core", "south": -77.48, "title": "Methyl Chloride Measurements in the Taylor Dome M3C1 Ice Core", "uid": "609600", "west": 158.43}, {"awards": "0636953 Saltzman, Eric", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(157.4 -77.44)"], "date_created": "Wed, 10 Sep 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The data set includes methyl bromide (CH3Br) measurements made on air extracted from 70 samples from the Taylor Dome M3C1 ice core. CH3Br was measured in air from the Taylor Dome ice core to reconstruct an atmospheric record for the Holocene (11-0 kyr B.P.) and part of the last glacial period (50-30 kyr B.P.).", "east": 157.4, "geometry": ["POINT(157.4 -77.44)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Taylor Dome; Taylor Dome Ice Core", "locations": "Taylor Dome; Antarctica", "north": -77.44, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat", "project_titles": "Methyl Chloride, Methyl Bromide, and Carbonyl Sulfide in Deep Antarctic Ice Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000042", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Methyl Chloride, Methyl Bromide, and Carbonyl Sulfide in Deep Antarctic Ice Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Taylor Dome Ice Core", "south": -77.44, "title": "Methyl Bromide Measurements in the Taylor Dome M3C1 Ice Core", "uid": "609598", "west": 157.4}, {"awards": "0944764 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"], "date_created": "Wed, 25 Jun 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set provides a new CO2 record from the Siple Dome ice core, Antarctica, that covers 7.4-9.0 ka (thousand years) with 8- to 16-year resolution. A small, about 1-2 ppm, increase of atmospheric CO2 during the 8.2 ka event was observed. The increase is not significant when compared to other centennial variations in the Holocene that are not linked to large temperature changes. The results do not agree with leaf stomata records that suggest a CO2 decrease of up to ~25 ppm and imply that the sensitivity of atmospheric CO2 to the primarily northern hemisphere cooling of the 8.2 ka event was limited.", "east": -148.82, "geometry": ["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Geochronology; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core; South Pole; WAISCORES", "locations": "Siple Dome; South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -81.66, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho", "project_titles": "Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000179", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.66, "title": "High-resolution Atmospheric CO2 during 7.4-9.0 ka", "uid": "609527", "west": -148.82}, {"awards": "0636929 Bales, Roger", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"], "date_created": "Mon, 17 Mar 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains atmospheric mixing ratios of nitric oxide, ozone, hydrogen peroxide, methylhydroperoxide, and concentrations in surface snow and in snow pits of nitrate, nitrite, and hydrogen peroxide at the WAIS Divide deep ice-coring site.", "east": -112.085, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.085 -79.467)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.467, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Bales, Roger", "project_titles": "Atmospheric, Snow and Firn Chemistry Studies for Interpretation of WAIS-Divide Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000041", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Atmospheric, Snow and Firn Chemistry Studies for Interpretation of WAIS-Divide Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.467, "title": "Measurements of Air and Snow Photochemical Species at WAIS Divide, Antarctica", "uid": "609585", "west": -112.085}, {"awards": "0538578 Brook, Edward; 0944584 Sowers, Todd; 0538538 Sowers, Todd", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-38.5 72.6)", "POINT(-112.0865 -79.4676)"], "date_created": "Fri, 31 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set measures methane concentrations in ancient air trapped in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide and Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP2) ice cores; presenting two, high-resolution ice core methane records of the past 2500 years, one from each pole. These measurements were used to reconstruct the methane Inter-Polar Difference (IPD) during the late Holocene. Also included are model results of methane emissions that were presented in the manuscript describing this data set.", "east": -38.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-38.5 72.6)", "POINT(-112.0865 -79.4676)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Arctic; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; GISP2; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Methane; Paleoclimate; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Arctic; Antarctica", "north": 72.6, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Mitchell, Logan E", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Constructing an Ultra-high Resolution Atmospheric Methane Record for the Last 140,000 Years from WAIS Divide Core.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000025", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Constructing an Ultra-high Resolution Atmospheric Methane Record for the Last 140,000 Years from WAIS Divide Core."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.4676, "title": "Late Holocene Methane Concentrations from WAIS Divide and GISP2", "uid": "609586", "west": -112.0865}, {"awards": "0337933 Cole-Dai, Jihong", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(0 -90)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 Nov 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "A 180 m ice core drilled at South Pole in 2004/2005 was analyzed for concentrations of major ions at a depth resolution of approximately 2 cm. Measured ions are chloride, nitrate, sulfate, sodium, potassium, magnesium and calcium. The bottom of the core has been dated to 1830 years before 2004.", "east": 0.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -90)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Ion Chromatograph; South Pole", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Cole-Dai, Jihong", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics through Oxygen and Sulfur Isotopes in Volcanic Sulfate from South Pole Ice Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000031", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Atmospheric Chemistry and Dynamics through Oxygen and Sulfur Isotopes in Volcanic Sulfate from South Pole Ice Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Major Ion Concentrations in 2004 South Pole Ice Core", "uid": "609542", "west": 0.0}, {"awards": "0838843 Kurbatov, Andrei", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((159 -75.67,159.025 -75.67,159.05 -75.67,159.075 -75.67,159.1 -75.67,159.125 -75.67,159.15 -75.67,159.175 -75.67,159.2 -75.67,159.225 -75.67,159.25 -75.67,159.25 -75.786,159.25 -75.902,159.25 -76.018,159.25 -76.134,159.25 -76.25,159.25 -76.366,159.25 -76.482,159.25 -76.598,159.25 -76.714,159.25 -76.83,159.225 -76.83,159.2 -76.83,159.175 -76.83,159.15 -76.83,159.125 -76.83,159.1 -76.83,159.075 -76.83,159.05 -76.83,159.025 -76.83,159 -76.83,159 -76.714,159 -76.598,159 -76.482,159 -76.366,159 -76.25,159 -76.134,159 -76.018,159 -75.902,159 -75.786,159 -75.67))"], "date_created": "Thu, 24 Oct 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes stable water isotope values at 10 m resolution along an approximately 5 km transect through the main icefield of the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area, and at 15 cm within a 225 m core drilled at the midpoint of the transect.", "east": 159.25, "geometry": ["POINT(159.125 -76.25)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Isotope", "locations": "Allan Hills; Antarctica", "north": -75.67, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Spaulding, Nicole; Mayewski, Paul A.; Introne, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Exploring A 2 Million + Year Ice Climate Archive-Allan Hills Blue Ice Area (2MBIA); Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010253", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area "}, {"proj_uid": "p0000046", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Exploring A 2 Million + Year Ice Climate Archive-Allan Hills Blue Ice Area (2MBIA)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.83, "title": "Allan Hills Stable Water Isotopes", "uid": "609541", "west": 159.0}, {"awards": "0944764 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-119.83 -80.01)", "POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"], "date_created": "Thu, 08 Aug 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "During the last glacial period atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature in Antarctica varied in a similar fashion on millennial time scales, but previous work indicates that these changes were gradual. In a detailed analysis of one event, we now find that approximately half of the CO2 increase that occurred during the 1500 year cold period between Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) Events 8 and 9 happened rapidly, over less than two centuries. This rise in CO2 was synchronous with, or slightly later than, a rapid increase of Antarctic temperature inferred from stable isotopes.", "east": -119.83, "geometry": ["POINT(-119.83 -80.01)", "POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Arctic; Byrd; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; CO2; Geochemistry; GISP2; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Methane; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome Ice Core; Taylor Dome; Taylor Dome Ice Core", "locations": "Taylor Dome; Arctic; Antarctica", "north": -80.01, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho", "project_titles": "Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000179", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core; Taylor Dome Ice Core; Byrd Ice Core", "south": -81.66, "title": "Abrupt Change in Atmospheric CO2 During the Last Ice Age", "uid": "609539", "west": -148.82}, {"awards": "9725057 Mayewski, Paul; 0837883 Mayewski, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-76.1 -77.68,-53.253 -77.68,-30.406 -77.68,-7.559 -77.68,15.288 -77.68,38.135 -77.68,60.982 -77.68,83.829 -77.68,106.676 -77.68,129.523 -77.68,152.37 -77.68,152.37 -78.912,152.37 -80.144,152.37 -81.376,152.37 -82.608,152.37 -83.84,152.37 -85.072,152.37 -86.304,152.37 -87.536,152.37 -88.768,152.37 -90,129.523 -90,106.676 -90,83.829 -90,60.982 -90,38.135 -90,15.288 -90,-7.559 -90,-30.406 -90,-53.253 -90,-76.1 -90,-76.1 -88.768,-76.1 -87.536,-76.1 -86.304,-76.1 -85.072,-76.1 -83.84,-76.1 -82.608,-76.1 -81.376,-76.1 -80.144,-76.1 -78.912,-76.1 -77.68))"], "date_created": "Thu, 11 Jul 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains sub-annually resolved ice core chemistry data from various sites on the Antarctic Ice Sheet during the US International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (US ITASE) deployments. Researchers conducted experiments approximately every 30 - 300 km looking for clues representing climatic conditions over the past 200-1000+ years. Ice cores obtained for the glaciochemical component of the US ITASE research were analyzed for soluble major ion content and in some cases trace elements. Extreme events, such as volcanic eruptions, provide absolute age horizons within each core that are easily identified in chemical profiles. Our chemical analysis is also useful for quantifying anthropogenic impact, biogeochemical cycling, and for reconstructing past atmospheric circulation patterns.", "east": 152.37, "geometry": ["POINT(38.135 -83.84)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; ITASE; Paleoclimate; Solid Earth; WAIS", "locations": "WAIS; Antarctica", "north": -77.68, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Dixon, Daniel A.; Mayewski, Paul A.", "project_titles": "Science Management for the United States Component of the International Trans-Antarctic Expedition", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000221", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Science Management for the United States Component of the International Trans-Antarctic Expedition"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "ITASE", "south": -90.0, "title": "US International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (US ITASE) Glaciochemical Data", "uid": "609273", "west": -76.1}, {"awards": "0538538 Sowers, Todd", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.086483 -79.46763)"], "date_created": "Thu, 19 Apr 2012 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains a high-resolution history of atmospheric methane (CH4) concentrations in parts per billion (ppb) from approximately 60 to 11,300 years before present (ybp), obtained in 2010 from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide Ice Core WDC06A. Gas age is derived from the WDC06A-5 ice age scale.\n\nData are available via FTP as a Microsoft Excel file (.xlsx).", "east": -112.086483, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.086483 -79.46763)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Methane; Paleoclimate; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.46763, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Sowers, Todd A.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Constructing an Ultra-high Resolution Atmospheric Methane Record for the Last 140,000 Years from WAIS Divide Core.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000025", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Constructing an Ultra-high Resolution Atmospheric Methane Record for the Last 140,000 Years from WAIS Divide Core."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.46763, "title": "Methane Concentrations from the WAIS Divide Ice Core (WDC06A), 60 to 11,300 ybp", "uid": "609509", "west": -112.086483}, {"awards": "0538538 Sowers, Todd; 0538578 Brook, Edward; 0520523 Brook, Edward J.; 0538427 McConnell, Joseph; 0739780 Taylor, Kendrick", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(112.09 -79.47)"], "date_created": "Fri, 27 May 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set provides a high-precision and high-resolution record of atmospheric methane from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide ice core WDC05A, spanning the years 1000 to 1800 C.E. The data include methane (CH4) concentration measurements and ice age chronology. Methane concentration data include mean sample depth, gas age, mean concentration, and concentrations from individual measurements, at a temporal resolution of approximately nine years. Ice chronology data include depth and ice age.\n\nData are available via FTP, in Microsoft Excel (.xlsx) format.", "east": 112.09, "geometry": ["POINT(112.09 -79.47)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.47, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "McConnell, Joseph; Brook, Edward J.; Mitchell, Logan E; Sowers, Todd A.; Taylor, Kendrick C.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the Proposed WAIS Divide Drilling Site", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000368", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the Proposed WAIS Divide Drilling Site"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.47, "title": "Methane Concentration and Chronology from the WAIS Divide Ice Core (WDC05A)", "uid": "609493", "west": 112.09}, {"awards": "0902957 Robinson, Laura", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70.5 -54.5,-66.95 -54.5,-63.4 -54.5,-59.85 -54.5,-56.3 -54.5,-52.75 -54.5,-49.2 -54.5,-45.65 -54.5,-42.1 -54.5,-38.55 -54.5,-35 -54.5,-35 -55.2,-35 -55.9,-35 -56.6,-35 -57.3,-35 -58,-35 -58.7,-35 -59.4,-35 -60.1,-35 -60.8,-35 -61.5,-38.55 -61.5,-42.1 -61.5,-45.65 -61.5,-49.2 -61.5,-52.75 -61.5,-56.3 -61.5,-59.85 -61.5,-63.4 -61.5,-66.95 -61.5,-70.5 -61.5,-70.5 -60.8,-70.5 -60.1,-70.5 -59.4,-70.5 -58.7,-70.5 -58,-70.5 -57.3,-70.5 -56.6,-70.5 -55.9,-70.5 -55.2,-70.5 -54.5))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The proposal seeks funds to continue a follow-up analytical work of deep-sea corals collected in the Drake Passage during a research cruise. The project\u0027s goal is paleo-climate research looking to constrain the depth structure and time evolution of the radiocarbon content of the Southern Ocean during the glacial and deglaciation. Radiocarbon is a versatile tracer of past climate; its radioactive decay provides an internal clock with which to assess the rates of processes, and it can be used to trace the movement of carbon through the Earth\u0027s system. It enters the ocean through air-sea gas exchange, so processes that limits this will, therefore, reduce the radiocarbon content of both surface and deep waters. The Southern Ocean is a critical location for exchange of heat and carbon between the deep-ocean and atmospheric reservoirs, and the deep waters formed there fill large volumes of the global deep and intermediate oceans. As strong currents tend to scour away sediments, carbonate preservation is limited, and radiocarbon reservoir ages are poorly constrained, many traditional paleoceanographic techniques become impractical. It is proposed to alleviate these difficulties analyzing the chemical composition of deep-sea coral skeletons. Their aragonitic skeletons can be precisely dated using U-series decay, and when coupled with radiocarbon analyses will allow to calculate the C14/C12 ratio of the past water column.", "east": -35.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-52.75 -58)"], "keywords": "Biota; Corals; Drake Passage; Geochronology; NBP0805; Oceans; Paleoclimate; Radiocarbon; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Drake Passage; Southern Ocean", "north": -54.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Robinson, Laura", "project_titles": "LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000519", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -61.5, "title": "LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals", "uid": "600111", "west": -70.5}, {"awards": "0739780 Taylor, Kendrick", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.117 -79.666)"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to develop a 2,000-year high-temporal resolution record of biomass burning from the analysis of black carbon in the WAIS Divide bedrock ice core. Pilot data for the WAIS WD05A core demonstrates that we now have the ability to reconstruct this record with minimal impact on the amount of ice available for other projects. The intellectual merit of this project is that black carbon (BC) aerosols result solely from combustion and play a critical but poorly quantified role in global climate forcing and the carbon cycle. When incorporated into snow and ice, BC increases absorption of solar radiation making seasonal snow packs, mountain glaciers, polar ice sheets, and sea ice much more vulnerable to climate warming. BC emissions in the Southern Hemisphere are dominated by biomass burning in the tropical regions of Southern Africa, South America and South Asia. Biomass burning, which results from both climate and human activities, alters the atmospheric composition of greenhouse gases, aerosols and perturbs key biogeochemical cycles. A long-term record of biomass burning is needed to aid in the interpretation of ice core gas composition and will provide important information regarding human impacts on the environment and climate before instrumental records.", "east": -112.117, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.117 -79.666)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Black Carbon; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.666, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Taylor, Kendrick C.", "project_titles": "WAIS DIVIDE - High Temporal Resolution Black Carbon Record of Southern Hemisphere Biomass Burning", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000022", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "WAIS DIVIDE - High Temporal Resolution Black Carbon Record of Southern Hemisphere Biomass Burning"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.666, "title": "WAIS DIVIDE - High Temporal Resolution Black Carbon Record of Southern Hemisphere Biomass Burning", "uid": "600142", "west": -112.117}, {"awards": "0636319 Shaw, Timothy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-51.9201 -57.5061,-50.99447 -57.5061,-50.06884 -57.5061,-49.14321 -57.5061,-48.21758 -57.5061,-47.29195 -57.5061,-46.36632 -57.5061,-45.44069 -57.5061,-44.51506 -57.5061,-43.58943 -57.5061,-42.6638 -57.5061,-42.6638 -58.03449,-42.6638 -58.56288,-42.6638 -59.09127,-42.6638 -59.61966,-42.6638 -60.14805,-42.6638 -60.67644,-42.6638 -61.20483,-42.6638 -61.73322,-42.6638 -62.26161,-42.6638 -62.79,-43.58943 -62.79,-44.51506 -62.79,-45.44069 -62.79,-46.36632 -62.79,-47.29195 -62.79,-48.21758 -62.79,-49.14321 -62.79,-50.06884 -62.79,-50.99447 -62.79,-51.9201 -62.79,-51.9201 -62.26161,-51.9201 -61.73322,-51.9201 -61.20483,-51.9201 -60.67644,-51.9201 -60.14805,-51.9201 -59.61966,-51.9201 -59.09127,-51.9201 -58.56288,-51.9201 -58.03449,-51.9201 -57.5061))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions:1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.", "east": -42.6638, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.29195 -60.14805)"], "keywords": "Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Oceans; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -57.5061, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Shaw, Tim; Twining, Benjamin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000511", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -62.79, "title": "Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600064", "west": -51.9201}, {"awards": "0636543 Murray, Alison", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-51.98403 -57.58068,-51.042765 -57.58068,-50.1015 -57.58068,-49.160235 -57.58068,-48.21897 -57.58068,-47.277705 -57.58068,-46.33644 -57.58068,-45.395175 -57.58068,-44.45391 -57.58068,-43.512645 -57.58068,-42.57138 -57.58068,-42.57138 -58.10845,-42.57138 -58.63622,-42.57138 -59.16399,-42.57138 -59.69176,-42.57138 -60.21953,-42.57138 -60.7473,-42.57138 -61.27507,-42.57138 -61.80284,-42.57138 -62.33061,-42.57138 -62.85838,-43.512645 -62.85838,-44.45391 -62.85838,-45.395175 -62.85838,-46.33644 -62.85838,-47.277705 -62.85838,-48.21897 -62.85838,-49.160235 -62.85838,-50.1015 -62.85838,-51.042765 -62.85838,-51.98403 -62.85838,-51.98403 -62.33061,-51.98403 -61.80284,-51.98403 -61.27507,-51.98403 -60.7473,-51.98403 -60.21953,-51.98403 -59.69176,-51.98403 -59.16399,-51.98403 -58.63622,-51.98403 -58.10845,-51.98403 -57.58068))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.", "east": -42.57138, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.277705 -60.21953)"], "keywords": "Biota; Geochemistry; NBP0902; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -57.58068, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Murray, Alison", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000511", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -62.85838, "title": "Free-Drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600065", "west": -51.98403}, {"awards": "0538479 Seibel, Brad", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166 -77,166.1 -77,166.2 -77,166.3 -77,166.4 -77,166.5 -77,166.6 -77,166.7 -77,166.8 -77,166.9 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.9 -78,166.8 -78,166.7 -78,166.6 -78,166.5 -78,166.4 -78,166.3 -78,166.2 -78,166.1 -78,166 -78,166 -77.9,166 -77.8,166 -77.7,166 -77.6,166 -77.5,166 -77.4,166 -77.3,166 -77.2,166 -77.1,166 -77))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have resulted in greater oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide can impact marine organisms both via decreased carbonate saturation that affects calcification rates and via disturbance to acid-base (metabolic) physiology. Pteropod molluscs (Thecosomata) form shells made of aragonite, a type of calcium carbonate that is highly soluble, suggesting that these organisms may be particularly sensitive to increasing carbon dioxide and reduced carbonate ion concentration. Thecosome pteropods, which dominate the calcium carbonate export south of the Antarctic Polar Front, will be the first major group of marine calcifying organisms to experience carbonate undersaturation within parts of their present-day geographical ranges as a result of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. An unusual, co-evolved relationship between thecosomes and their specialized gymnosome predators provides a unique backdrop against which to assess the physiological and ecological importance of elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Pteropods are functionally important components of the Antarctic ecosystem with potential to influence phytoplankton stocks, carbon export, and dimethyl sulfide levels that, in turn, influence global climate through ocean-atmosphere feedback loops. The research will quantify the impact of elevated carbon dioxide on a dominant aragonitic pteropod, Limacina helicina, and its specialist predator, the gymnosome Clione antarctica, in the Ross Sea through laboratory experimentation. Results will be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific understanding in this field. The project involves collaboration between researchers at a predominantly undergraduate institution with a significant enrollment of students that are typically underrepresented in the research environment (California State University San Marcos - CSUSM) and at a Ph.D.-granting institution (University of Rhode Island - URI). The program will promote education and learning through the joint education of undergraduate students and graduate students at CSUSM and URI as part of a research team, as well as through the teaching activities of the principal investigators. Dr. Keating, CSUSM professor of science education, will participate in the McMurdo fieldwork and lead the outreach opportunities for the project.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166.5 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Biota; CO2; Mcmurdo Station; Oceans; Ross Island; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Shell Fish; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Island; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Seibel, Brad", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Impacts of Elevated pCO2 on a Dominant Aragonitic Pteropod (Thecosomata) and its Specialist Predator (Gymnosomata) in the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000694", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Impacts of Elevated pCO2 on a Dominant Aragonitic Pteropod (Thecosomata) and its Specialist Predator (Gymnosomata) in the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Impacts of Elevated pCO2 on a Dominant Aragonitic Pteropod (Thecosomata) and its Specialist Predator (Gymnosomata) in the Ross Sea", "uid": "600055", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "9024544 Andreas, Edgar", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-53.8 -61.2,-52.74 -61.2,-51.68 -61.2,-50.62 -61.2,-49.56 -61.2,-48.5 -61.2,-47.44 -61.2,-46.38 -61.2,-45.32 -61.2,-44.26 -61.2,-43.2 -61.2,-43.2 -62.22,-43.2 -63.24,-43.2 -64.26,-43.2 -65.28,-43.2 -66.3,-43.2 -67.32,-43.2 -68.34,-43.2 -69.36,-43.2 -70.38,-43.2 -71.4,-44.26 -71.4,-45.32 -71.4,-46.38 -71.4,-47.44 -71.4,-48.5 -71.4,-49.56 -71.4,-50.62 -71.4,-51.68 -71.4,-52.74 -71.4,-53.8 -71.4,-53.8 -70.38,-53.8 -69.36,-53.8 -68.34,-53.8 -67.32,-53.8 -66.3,-53.8 -65.28,-53.8 -64.26,-53.8 -63.24,-53.8 -62.22,-53.8 -61.2))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Location: Ice camp on perennial sea ice in the southwestern corner of the Weddell Sea, Antarctic\n\nThe first direct radiative and turbulent surface flux measurements ever made over floating Antarctic sea ice. The data are from Ice Station Weddell as it drifted in the western Weddell Sea from February to late May 1992.\n\nData Types:\n\nHourly measurements of the turbulent surface fluxes of momentum and sensible and latent heat by eddy covariance at a height of 4.65 m above snow-covered sea ice. Instruments were a 3-axis sonic anemometer/thermometer and a Lyman-alpha hygrometer.\n\nHourly, surface-level measurements of the four radiation components: in-coming and out-going longwave and shortwave radiation. Instruments were hemispherical pyranometers and pyrgeometers.\n\nHourly mean values of standard meteorological variables: air temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, surface temperature. Instruments were a propeller-vane for wind speed and direction and cooled-mirror dew-point hygrometers and platinum resistance thermometers for dew-points and temperatures. Surface temperature came from a Barnes PRT-5 infrared thermometer.\n\nFlux Data\nThe entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named ISW_Flux_Data.zip\nThe main data file is comma delimited.\nThe README file is ASCII.\nThe associated reprints of publications are in pdf.\n\nRadiosounding data: On Ice Station Weddell, typically twice a day from 21 February through 4 June 1992 made with both tethered (i.e., only boundary-layer profiles) and (more rarely) free-flying sondes that did not measure wind speed. (168 soundings).\n\nISW Radiosoundings\nThe entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named ISW_Radiosounding.zip.\nThe README file is in ASCII.\nTwo summary files that include the list of sounding and the declinations are in ASCII.\nThe 168 individual sounding files are in ASCII.\nTwo supporting publications that describe the data and some analyses are in pdf.\n\nRadiosounding data collected from the Russian ship Akademic Fedorov from 26 May through 5 June 1992 at 6-hourly intervals as it approached Ice Station Weddell from the north. These soundings include wind vector, temperature, humidity, and pressure. (40 soundings)\n\nAkademic Federov Radiosoundings\nThe entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named Akad_Federov_Radiosounding.zip.\nThe README file is in ASCII.\nA summary file that lists the soundings is in ASCII.\nThe 40 individual sounding files are in ASCII.\nTwo supporting publications that describe the data and some analyses are in pdf.\n\n\nDocumentation:\n\nAndreas, E. L, and K. J. Claffey, 1995: Air-ice drag coefficients in the western Weddell Sea: 1. Values deduced from profile measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 4821\u20134831.\n\nAndreas, E. L, K. J. Claffey, and A. P. Makshtas, 2000: Low-level atmospheric jets and inversions over the western Weddell Sea. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 97, 459\u2013486.\n\nAndreas, E. L, R. E. Jordan, and A. P. Makshtas, 2004: Simulations of snow, ice, and near-surface atmospheric processes on Ice Station Weddell. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5, 611\u2013624.\n\nAndreas, E. L, R. E. Jordan, and A. P. Makshtas, 2005: Parameterizing turbulent exchange over sea ice: The Ice Station Weddell results. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 114, 439\u2013460.\n\nAndreas, E. L, P. O. G. Persson, R. E. Jordan, T. W. Horst, P. S. Guest, A. A. Grachev, and C. W. Fairall, 2010: Parameterizing turbulent exchange over sea ice in winter. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 11, 87\u2013104.\n\nClaffey, K. J., E. L Andreas, and A. P. Makshtas, 1994: Upper-air data collected on Ice Station Weddell. Special Report 94-25, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 62 pp.\n\nISW Group, 1993: Weddell Sea exploration from ice station. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 74, 121\u2013126.\n\nMakshtas, A. P., E. L Andreas, P. N. Svyaschennikov, and V. F. Timachev, 1999: Accounting for clouds in sea ice models. Atmospheric Research, 52, 77\u2013113.", "east": -43.2, "geometry": ["POINT(-48.5 -66.3)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Critical Zone; Meteorology; Oceans; Radiosounding; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -61.2, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Andreas, Edgar", "project_titles": "Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000655", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -71.4, "title": "Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station", "uid": "600141", "west": -53.8}, {"awards": "0801392 Swanson, Brian", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The primary objective of this research is to investigate polar marine psychrophilic bacteria for their potential to nucleate ice using a combination of microbiological, molecular biological and atmospheric science approaches in the laboratory. Very little is known about how psychrophiles interact and cope with ice or their adaptations to conditions of extreme cold and salinity. This work will involve a series of laboratory experiments using a novel freeze-tube technique for assaying freezing spectra which will provide quantitative information on: (i) the temperature-dependent freezing rates for heterogeneously frozen droplets containing sea-ice bacteria, (ii) the proportional occurrence of ice-nucleation activity versus anti-freeze activity among sea-ice bacterial isolates and (iii) the temperature-dependent freezing rates of bacteria with ice-nucleation activity grown at a range of temperatures and salinities. The compound(s) responsible for the observed activity will be identified, which is an essential step towards the development of an in-situ bacterial ice-nucleation detection assay that can be applied in the field to Antarctic water and cloud samples. One of the goals of this work is to better understand survival and cold adaptation processes of polar marine bacteria confronted with freezing conditions in sea ice. Since sea ice strongly impacts polar, as well as the global climates, this research is of significant interest because it will also provide data for accessing the importance of bacterial ice nucleation in the formation of sea ice. These measurements of ice-nucleation rates will be the first high-resolution measurements for psychrophilic marine bacteria. Another goal is to better understand the impact of bacterial ice initiation processes in polar clouds by making high-resolution measurements of nucleation rates for cloud bacteria found over Arctic and Antarctic regions. Initial measurements indicate these bacteria nucleate ice at warmer temperatures and the effect in polar regions may be quite important, since ice can strongly impact cloud dynamics, cloud radiative properties, precipitation formation, and cloud chemistry. If these initial measurements are confirmed, the data collected here will be important for improving the understanding of polar cloud processes and models. A third goal is to better understand the molecular basis of marine bacterial ice nucleation by characterizing the ice-nucleation compound and comparing it with those of known plant-derived ice-nucleating bacteria, which are the only ice-nucleating bacteria examined in detail to date. The proposed activity will support the beginning academic career of a post-doctoral researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects. Results from this research will be widely published in various scientific journals and outreach venues.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Biota; Microbiology; Oceans; Raman Spectroscopy; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Swanson, Brian", "project_titles": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000195", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles", "uid": "600087", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0636730 Vernet, Maria", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-55 -52,-53.5 -52,-52 -52,-50.5 -52,-49 -52,-47.5 -52,-46 -52,-44.5 -52,-43 -52,-41.5 -52,-40 -52,-40 -53.3,-40 -54.6,-40 -55.9,-40 -57.2,-40 -58.5,-40 -59.8,-40 -61.1,-40 -62.4,-40 -63.7,-40 -65,-41.5 -65,-43 -65,-44.5 -65,-46 -65,-47.5 -65,-49 -65,-50.5 -65,-52 -65,-53.5 -65,-55 -65,-55 -63.7,-55 -62.4,-55 -61.1,-55 -59.8,-55 -58.5,-55 -57.2,-55 -55.9,-55 -54.6,-55 -53.3,-55 -52))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.\n", "east": -40.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.5 -58.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; NBP0902; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -52.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Vernet, Maria", "project_titles": "Collaborative Reseach: Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000532", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Reseach: Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600068", "west": -55.0}, {"awards": "0636723 Helly, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-55 -52,-53.5 -52,-52 -52,-50.5 -52,-49 -52,-47.5 -52,-46 -52,-44.5 -52,-43 -52,-41.5 -52,-40 -52,-40 -53.3,-40 -54.6,-40 -55.9,-40 -57.2,-40 -58.5,-40 -59.8,-40 -61.1,-40 -62.4,-40 -63.7,-40 -65,-41.5 -65,-43 -65,-44.5 -65,-46 -65,-47.5 -65,-49 -65,-50.5 -65,-52 -65,-53.5 -65,-55 -65,-55 -63.7,-55 -62.4,-55 -61.1,-55 -59.8,-55 -58.5,-55 -57.2,-55 -55.9,-55 -54.6,-55 -53.3,-55 -52))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.", "east": -40.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.5 -58.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; NBP0902; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -52.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Helly, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000511", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Free-Drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600067", "west": -55.0}, {"awards": "9814810 Bales, Roger", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-124 -76,-120 -76,-116 -76,-112 -76,-108 -76,-104 -76,-100 -76,-96 -76,-92 -76,-88 -76,-84 -76,-84 -77.4,-84 -78.8,-84 -80.2,-84 -81.6,-84 -83,-84 -84.4,-84 -85.8,-84 -87.2,-84 -88.6,-84 -90,-88 -90,-92 -90,-96 -90,-100 -90,-104 -90,-108 -90,-112 -90,-116 -90,-120 -90,-124 -90,-124 -88.6,-124 -87.2,-124 -85.8,-124 -84.4,-124 -83,-124 -81.6,-124 -80.2,-124 -78.8,-124 -77.4,-124 -76))"], "date_created": "Tue, 16 Jun 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains atmospheric mixing ratios of hydrogen peroxide and methylhydroperoxide at 21 sites on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) were obtained from 2000 to 2003 during the US International Trans-Antarctic Scientific Expedition (US ITASE) deployments. Sample location from the WAIS region (76-90\u00baS / 84-124\u00baW) were approximately 100-300 km apart and correspond to US ITASE ice core sites. At each site, ambient air from 1 m above the snow surface was sampled between two to five days. Atmospheric hydroperoxides (ROOH) were continuously scrubbed from the sample air with a glass coil scrubber and subsequently quantified using a fluorescence detection method.\n\nData are available via FTP as ASCII text files (.txt).", "east": -84.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-104 -83)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; ITASE; WAIS", "locations": "WAIS; Antarctica", "north": -76.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "McConnell, Joseph; Bales, Roger; Frey, Markus", "project_titles": "Hydrogen Peroxide, Formaldehyde, and Sub-Annual Snow Accumulation in West Antarctica: Participation in West Antarctic Traverse", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000253", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Hydrogen Peroxide, Formaldehyde, and Sub-Annual Snow Accumulation in West Antarctica: Participation in West Antarctic Traverse"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Atmospheric Mixing Ratios of Hydroperoxides above the West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "uid": "609394", "west": -124.0}, {"awards": "0438777 Fritts, David", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This proposal is to continue operation and scientific studies with the middle-frequency (MF, 1-30 MHz) mesospheric radar deployed at the British Antarctic station Rothera in 1996. This system is now a key site in the Antarctic MF radar chain near 68 deg. S, which includes also MF radars at Syowa (Japan) and Davis (Australia) stations. This radar comprises the winds component of a developing instrument suite for the mesosphere-thermosphere (MLT) studies at Rothera - a focus of the new BAS 5-year plan, which also includes the Fe temperature lidar (formerly at South Pole) and the mesopause airglow imager for gravity wave studies (formerly at Halley). The Rothera MF radar has just had its antennas and electronics upgraded to achieve better signal-to-noise ratio and more continuous measurements in height and time. The main focus of the proposed research is to extend the knowledge of the polar mesosphere dynamics. The instrument suite at Rothera is ideally positioned for correlative interhemispheric studies with northern hemisphere sites at Poker Flat, Alaska (65 deg. N) and ALOMAR, Norway (69 deg. N) having comparable instrumentation. Further research efforts performed with continued funding will focus on: (1) multi-instrument collaborative studies at Rothera to quantify as fully as possible the dynamics, structure, and variability of the MLT at that location, (2) multi-site (and multi-instrument) studies of large-scale dynamics and variability in the Antarctic (together with the radars and other instrumentation at Davis and Syowa), and (3) interhemispheric studies employing instruments (e.g., the Na resonance lidar and MF radar) at Poker Flat and ALOMAR. It is expected that these studies will lead to a more detailed understanding of (1) mean, tidal, and planetary wave structures at polar latitudes, (2) seasonal, inter-annual, and short-term variability of these structures, (3) hemispheric differences in the tidal and planetary wave structures arising from different source and wave interaction conditions, and (4) the relative influences of gravity waves in the two hemispheres. Such studies will also contribute more generally to an increased awareness of the role of high-latitude processes in global atmospheric dynamics and variability.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Radar", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Fritts, David", "project_titles": "Correlative Antarctic and Inter-Hemispheric Dynamics Studies Using the MF Radar at Rothera", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000021", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Correlative Antarctic and Inter-Hemispheric Dynamics Studies Using the MF Radar at Rothera"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Correlative Antarctic and Inter-Hemispheric Dynamics Studies Using the MF Radar at Rothera", "uid": "600040", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0739693 Ashworth, Allan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((160 -77,160.2 -77,160.4 -77,160.6 -77,160.8 -77,161 -77,161.2 -77,161.4 -77,161.6 -77,161.8 -77,162 -77,162 -77.1,162 -77.2,162 -77.3,162 -77.4,162 -77.5,162 -77.6,162 -77.7,162 -77.8,162 -77.9,162 -78,161.8 -78,161.6 -78,161.4 -78,161.2 -78,161 -78,160.8 -78,160.6 -78,160.4 -78,160.2 -78,160 -78,160 -77.9,160 -77.8,160 -77.7,160 -77.6,160 -77.5,160 -77.4,160 -77.3,160 -77.2,160 -77.1,160 -77))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project studies the last vestiges of life in Antarctica from exceptionally well-preserved fossils of tundra life--mosses, diatoms, ostracods, Nothofagus leaves, wood, and insect remains recently discovered in ancient lake sediments from the McMurdo Dry Valleys. The area will be studied by an interdisciplinary team to elucidate information about climate and biogeography. These deposits offer unique and direct information about the characteristics of Antarctica during a key period in its history, the time when it was freezing. This information is critical for correlation with indirect proxies, such as though obtained from drill cores, for climate and state of the ice sheet. The results will also help understand the origin and migration of similar organisms found in South America, India and Australia. In terms of broader impacts, this project supports an early career researcher, undergraduate and graduate student research, various forms of outreach to K12 students, and extensive international collaboration. The work also has societal relevance in that the outcomes will offer direct constraints on Antarctica\u0027s ice sheet during a time with atmospheric CO2 contents similar to those of the earth in the coming centuries, and thus may help predictive models of sea level rise.", "east": 162.0, "geometry": ["POINT(161 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Geochronology; Geology/Geophysics - Other; GPS; Solid Earth", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Ashworth, Allan; Lewis, Adam", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Integrating Geomorphological and Paleoecological Studies to Reconstruct Neogene Environments of the Transantarctic Mountains", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000188", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Integrating Geomorphological and Paleoecological Studies to Reconstruct Neogene Environments of the Transantarctic Mountains"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Integrating Geomorphological and Paleoecological Studies to Reconstruct Neogene Environments of the Transantarctic Mountains", "uid": "600081", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "0126057 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 16 Dec 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ice Core Interplanetary Dust Helium Isotope Data Helium isotope data from Ice Cores at GISP2 (Greenland) and Vostok (Antarctica) as a proxy for extraterrestrial dust flux.\n", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Arctic; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; GISP2; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Isotope; Lake Vostok; Paleoclimate; Vostok Ice Core", "locations": "Lake Vostok; Arctic; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.; Kurz, Mark D.", "project_titles": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000034", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "GISP2 (D Core) Helium Isotopes from Interplanetary Dust", "uid": "609361", "west": null}, {"awards": "0126057 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 16 Dec 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This ice core data is archived at the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology and is available through the Ice Core Data Gateway. The data includes methane data from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2). GISP2 is an ice core project that drilled through the Greenland ice sheet and 1.55 meters into bedrock. The ice core is 3053.44 meters in depth, the deepest ice core recovered in the world at the time. The ice core was completed in 1993 after five years of drilling.\n\nMethane concentrations were determined by GC-FID using standards calibrated by NOAA CMDL. \t\t\t\t\t\nThe gas age time scales and analytical techniques are described in further detail in the publication.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Arctic; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; GISP2; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Methane; Paleoclimate; Taylor Dome", "locations": "Taylor Dome; Arctic; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000034", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "GISP2 (D Core) Methane Concentration Data", "uid": "609360", "west": null}, {"awards": "0337891 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(158 -77.666667)"], "date_created": "Mon, 05 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Using new and existing ice core CO2 data from 65 - 30 ka BP a new chronology for Taylor Dome ice core CO2 is established and synchronized with Greenland ice core records to study how high latitude climate change and the carbon cycle were linked during the last glacial period. The new data and chronology should provide a better target for models attempting to explain CO2 variability and abrupt climate change.", "east": 158.0, "geometry": ["POINT(158 -77.666667)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Taylor Dome; Taylor Dome Ice Core", "locations": "Taylor Dome; Antarctica", "north": -77.666667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho", "project_titles": "Developing Dry Extraction of Ice Core Gases and Application to Millennial-Scale Variability in Atmospheric CO2", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000268", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Developing Dry Extraction of Ice Core Gases and Application to Millennial-Scale Variability in Atmospheric CO2"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Taylor Dome Ice Core", "south": -77.666667, "title": "Atmospheric CO2 and Climate: Taylor Dome Ice Core, Antarctica", "uid": "609315", "west": 158.0}, {"awards": "0337891 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-119.833611 -80.01)"], "date_created": "Fri, 26 Oct 2007 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Reconstructions of ancient atmospheric CO2 variations help us better understand how the global carbon cycle and climate are linked. This data set compares CO2 variations on millennial time scales between 20,000 and 90,000 years with an Antarctic temperature proxy and records of abrupt climate change in the Northern hemisphere.", "east": -119.833611, "geometry": ["POINT(-119.833611 -80.01)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Byrd Glacier; Byrd Ice Core; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate", "locations": "Byrd Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -80.01, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho", "project_titles": "Developing Dry Extraction of Ice Core Gases and Application to Millennial-Scale Variability in Atmospheric CO2", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000268", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Developing Dry Extraction of Ice Core Gases and Application to Millennial-Scale Variability in Atmospheric CO2"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Byrd Ice Core", "south": -80.01, "title": "Atmospheric CO2 and Climate: Byrd Ice Core, Antarctica", "uid": "609314", "west": -119.833611}, {"awards": "9526556 Sowers, Todd", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-148.3023 -81.403)"], "date_created": "Mon, 09 Jul 2007 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes records of the delta carbon-13 (\u0026delta;\u003csup\u003e13\u003c/sup\u003eC) of methane (CH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) in firn air from the South Pole and trapped in bubbles in a short ice core from Siple Dome, Antarctica. Using two firn air samples, one from January 1995 and the other from January 2001, investigators reconstructed records of the isotopic composition of paleoatmospheric methane covering the last 2 centuries, from 1820 to 2001. \n\nData are in Microsoft Excel and Microsoft Word formats and are available via FTP.", "east": -148.3023, "geometry": ["POINT(-148.3023 -81.403)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Siple Dome; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; South Pole", "locations": "Siple Dome; South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -81.403, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Sowers, Todd A.", "project_titles": "Constructing Paleoatmospheric Records of the Isotopic Composition of Methane and Nitrous Oxide", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000611", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Constructing Paleoatmospheric Records of the Isotopic Composition of Methane and Nitrous Oxide"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.403, "title": "Carbon-13 Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Methane in Firn Air, South Pole and Siple Dome, Antarctica", "uid": "609310", "west": -148.3023}, {"awards": "0125761 Thiemens, Mark", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(139.2728 -89.9975)"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Nov 2006 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains snow pit measurements of oxygen isotopes, \u003csup\u003e17\u003c/sup\u003eO and \u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO, in nitrate and ion concentrations, and surface measurements of oxygen isotopes in nitrate and in nitrate aerosols from the Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, Antarctica. The 6-meter snow pit provides investigators with a 25-year record of nitrate isotope variations and ion concentrations for a period spanning from 1979 to 2004. Monthly surface snow and weekly aerosol collections yield a year-long record of nitrate isotopic composition starting 01 December 2003 and ending 31 December 2004.\n\nLittle is known about the past denitrification of the stratosphere in high latitude regions. Such knowledge is important to understanding the chemical state of the ancient atmospheres and evaluating the present climate models. With this research, investigators aim to understand the denitrification of the Antarctic stratosphere and quantify the sources of nitrate aerosols over time.\n\nData are in Microsoft Excel format and are available via FTP.", "east": 139.2728, "geometry": ["POINT(139.2728 -89.9975)"], "keywords": "Aerosol; Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; NBP1502; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; South Pole Station", "locations": "South Pole Station; Antarctica", "north": -89.9975, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Thiemens, Mark H.; Savarino, Joel", "project_titles": "South Pole Atmospheric Nitrate Isotopic Analysis (SPANIA)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000242", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "South Pole Atmospheric Nitrate Isotopic Analysis (SPANIA)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -89.9975, "title": "Atmospheric Nitrate Isotopic Analysis at Amundsen-Scott South Pole Station, A Twenty-Five Year Record", "uid": "609281", "west": 139.2728}, {"awards": "0230452 Severinghaus, Jeffrey; 0230260 Bender, Michael; 9725305 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-148.767 -80.667)", "POINT(0 -90)"], "date_created": "Thu, 17 Aug 2006 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes gas ratios in polar firn air: O\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, \u003csup\u003e15\u003c/sup\u003eN/\u003csup\u003e14\u003c/sup\u003eN, \u003csup\u003e40\u003c/sup\u003eAr/N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e, \u003csup\u003e40\u003c/sup\u003eAr/\u003csup\u003e36\u003c/sup\u003eAr, \u003csup\u003e40\u003c/sup\u003eAr/\u003csup\u003e38\u003c/sup\u003eAr, \u003csup\u003e84\u003c/sup\u003eKr/\u003csup\u003e36\u003c/sup\u003eAr, \u003csup\u003e132\u003c/sup\u003eXe/\u003csup\u003e36\u003c/sup\u003eAr, and \u003csup\u003e22\u003c/sup\u003eNe/\u003csup\u003e36\u003c/sup\u003eAr. Investigators sampled air from the permeable snowpack (firn) layer at two sites: Siple Dome, Antarctica in 1996 and at the South Pole in 2001. They observed and modeled the processes of gravitational settling, thermal fractionation, and preferential exclusion of small gas molecules from closed air bubbles. The purpose of this study was to understand these physical processes, which affect the composition of bubbles trapped in ice. By measuring these gas ratios in the ancient air preserved in bubbles trapped in ice, researchers can determine past atmospheric composition and local temperature changes along with the relative timing and magnitude of such events.\n\nThe data file is available in Microsoft Excel format. The research paper is available in PDF. Data and the research paper are available via FTP.", "east": 0.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-148.767 -80.667)", "POINT(0 -90)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Glaciology; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; South Pole", "locations": "Siple Dome; South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -80.667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Battle, Mark; Bender, Michael", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Trapped Gas Composition and the Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000257", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Trapped Gas Composition and the Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -90.0, "title": "Firn Air Inert Gas and Oxygen Observations from Siple Dome, 1996, and the South Pole, 2001", "uid": "609290", "west": -148.767}, {"awards": "9316564 Mayewski, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-116.333 -78.733)", "POINT(-119.562 -80.014)", "POINT(-118.045 -79.461)"], "date_created": "Mon, 09 May 2005 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Ross Ice Drainage System (RIDS) project provides a high-resolution record of atmospheric chemical deposition taken from several ice cores and snow pits located at sites within or immediately adjacent to the Ross Ice Drainage System. Three sites were visited during a 1995 traverse in inland West Antarctica. The traverse was 158 km, trending 26\u00b0 from Byrd Surface Camp. The core from site A (78\u00b044\u0027S, 116\u00b020\u0027W) is 148 m deep, the core from site B (79\u00b027.66\u0027S, 118\u00b002.68\u0027W) is 60 m deep, and the core from site C (80\u00b000.85\u0027S, 119\u00b033.73\u0027W) is 60 m deep. Glaciochemical analysis focuses on the major ions deposited from the antarctic atmosphere, including Na (sodium), NH4 (ammonium), K (potassium), Mg (magnesium), Ca (calcium), Cl (chloride), NO3 (nitrate), and SO4 (sulfate). Chemical analysis also includes methanesulfonic acid (MSA) and nssSO4 (non-sea salt sulfate). The data are available by FTP in ASCII text format and Excel files.", "east": -116.333, "geometry": ["POINT(-116.333 -78.733)", "POINT(-119.562 -80.014)", "POINT(-118.045 -79.461)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Snow Pit", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -78.733, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Mayewski, Paul A.; Kreutz, Karl; Twickler, Mark; Whitlow, Sallie; Meeker, Loren D.", "project_titles": "Ross Ice Drainage System (RIDS) Late Holocene Climate Variability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000145", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ross Ice Drainage System (RIDS) Late Holocene Climate Variability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.014, "title": "Ross Ice Drainage System (RIDS) Glaciochemical Analysis", "uid": "609266", "west": -119.562}, {"awards": "0126057 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 27 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set compares global atmospheric concentration of methane from ice cores taken on the ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland. The data come from multiple ice cores on each continent, including Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) and Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP) ice cores and the Byrd and Vostok cores from Antarctica. (The orignal dataset is located at ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/grip/synchronization/)", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Vostok Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Blunier, Thomas; Stauffer, Bernhard; Chappellaz, Jerome; Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000034", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Antarctic and Greenland Climate Change Comparison", "uid": "609253", "west": null}, {"awards": "9980691 Wahlen, Martin", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"], "date_created": "Thu, 11 Dec 2003 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "These data are CO2 concentrations of the air occulded in Siple Dome ice core, Antarctica. The study was conducted between January 2001 and March 2003 on a deep ice core from Siple Dome Core A, located at 81.66 S, 148.82 W.", "east": -148.82, "geometry": ["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; CO2; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core", "locations": "Siple Dome; Antarctica", "north": -81.66, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Ahn, Jinho; Wahlen, Martin; Deck, Bruce", "project_titles": "CO2 and Delta 13CO2 in Antarctic Ice Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000166", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "CO2 and Delta 13CO2 in Antarctic Ice Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.66, "title": "Atmospheric CO2 Trapped in the Ice Core from Siple Dome, Antarctica", "uid": "609202", "west": -148.82}, {"awards": "XXXXXXX Palais, Julie", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-120 -80,-118.5 -80,-117 -80,-115.5 -80,-114 -80,-112.5 -80,-111 -80,-109.5 -80,-108 -80,-106.5 -80,-105 -80,-105 -80.5,-105 -81,-105 -81.5,-105 -82,-105 -82.5,-105 -83,-105 -83.5,-105 -84,-105 -84.5,-105 -85,-106.5 -85,-108 -85,-109.5 -85,-111 -85,-112.5 -85,-114 -85,-115.5 -85,-117 -85,-118.5 -85,-120 -85,-120 -84.5,-120 -84,-120 -83.5,-120 -83,-120 -82.5,-120 -82,-120 -81.5,-120 -81,-120 -80.5,-120 -80))"], "date_created": "Thu, 16 Oct 2003 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Glaciochemical and accumulation rate records developed from four ice cores in central West Antarctica are used to reconstruct former atmospheric circulation patterns in this region for the last 40 years with extended records (150-250 years) at two sites. The sites lie on a 200 km traverse from 82 degrees 22 minutes south, 119 degrees 17 minutes west to 81 degrees 22 minutes south, 107 degrees 17 minutes west, gaining elevation from 950 to 1930 m. The glaciochemical records represent the major ionic species present in Antarctic snow: sodium, potassium, magnesium, calcium, chloride, nitrate, and sulfate.", "east": -105.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.5 -82.5)"], "keywords": "Accumulation Rate; Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; West Antarctica", "locations": "West Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -80.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Reusch, David", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -85.0, "title": "Central West Antarctic Glaciochemistry from Ice Cores", "uid": "609093", "west": -120.0}, {"awards": "0512971 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "date_created": "Mon, 18 Aug 2003 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica.\n\nBrooks measured methane in approximately 196 samples between 55.6 and 738.5 m (0-20 ka) in the Siple Dome ice core, and then extended the Siple Dome methane record at medium resolution down to about 860m, corresponding to an age of about 45 ka. The team compared the results with data from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) and the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP).", "east": -149.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Methane; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core; WAISCORES", "locations": "Siple Dome; Antarctica", "north": -81.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000034", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.0, "title": "Siple Dome Methane Record", "uid": "609124", "west": -149.0}, {"awards": "0512971 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "date_created": "Wed, 14 May 2003 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The data include methane data from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) B \u0026 D Cores. Gas ages were calculated according to the methods described in Brook et\nal. 1996, and are subject to change. Ice ages were calculated by by\nlinear interpolation from the Meese et al. timescale.\n", "east": -149.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "keywords": "Arctic; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; GISP2; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Greenland; Ice Core Records; Methane; Paleoclimate", "locations": "Arctic; Greenland", "north": -81.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000034", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -81.0, "title": "GISP2 (B and D Core) Methane Concentrations", "uid": "609125", "west": -149.0}, {"awards": "9615292 Wahlen, Martin", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(158.71 -77.8)"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "These data describe the concentration and carbon-isotopic composition (d13CO2) of atmospheric CO2 from air trapped in ice between 27,000 and 1,300 years before present from Taylor Dome, Antarctica. Data are used to investigate the causes of the CO2 concentration increase that occurred during the transition between the last glacial maximum (LGM) and the Holocene. Data are in tab-delimited ASCII and Excel formats, and are available via ftp.", "east": 158.71, "geometry": ["POINT(158.71 -77.8)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Taylor Dome; Taylor Dome Ice Core", "locations": "Taylor Dome; Antarctica", "north": -77.8, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Wahlen, Martin", "project_titles": "Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Isotopes in the Taylor Dome and Vostok Ice Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000153", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Isotopes in the Taylor Dome and Vostok Ice Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8, "title": "Carbon-Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric CO2 since the Last Glacial Maximum", "uid": "609108", "west": 158.71}, {"awards": "9526601 Albert, Mary", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-148 -81)"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Dec 2001 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes measurements of snow and firn temperature and permeability collected between November 1998 and June 1999 at Siple Dome. The physical characteristics of snow determine the nature of air-snow exchange processes, which in turn affect chemical records in ice cores. Thus a better understanding of the physical properties of snow will improve interpretation of ice core records of atmospheric composition.\n\nData are available via ftp in both ASCII and Excel formats.", "east": -148.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-148 -81)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Permeability; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Temperature", "locations": "Siple Dome; Antarctica", "north": -81.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Albert, Mary R.", "project_titles": "Near-Surface Processes Affecting Gas Exchange: West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000061", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Near-Surface Processes Affecting Gas Exchange: West Antarctic Ice Sheet"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.0, "title": "Snow and Firn Temperature and Permeability Measurements from Siple Dome, Antarctica", "uid": "609100", "west": -148.0}, {"awards": "9725918 Brook, Edward; 9725305 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-102 -89.997)", "POINT(-148.767 -81.667)"], "date_created": "Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes d15N, d18O/2, dO2/N2/4, d40Ar/4, d38/Ar/2,\nd84Kr/48, and d132Xe/96 values for air drawn from the top 15 to 50 m\nof firn at the South Pole (summer and winter 1998) and a site at Siple\nDome (summers 1996 and 1998). Data also include related firn\ntemperature measurements.\n\nThe objective of this research was to better understand thermal\nfractionation processes affecting records of atmospheric history from\nfirn and ice core gases. Recent work (e.g., Severinghaus and Brook,\n1999) has exploited trapped air in ice and deep firn as a record of\npast atmospheric composition and climate change. Interpretation of these paleoclimate archives is complicated by artifacts of thermal\ndiffusion, a process in which heavier gases migrate down temperature\ngradients toward colder regions in the firn. Seasonal temperature\nchange at the snow surface creates strong temperature gradients in the\ntop few meters of the firn, which cause isotopic fractionation of firn\ngases. A specific goal of this research is to identify any long-term\neffects of seasonal temperature fluctuations on firn air isotopic\nanomalies.", "east": -102.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-102 -89.997)", "POINT(-148.767 -81.667)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciology; Isotope; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; South Pole; Temperature", "locations": "Siple Dome; South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -81.667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Battle, Mark; Grachev, Alexi", "project_titles": "Thermal Fractionation of Firn Air and the Ice Core Record of Abrupt Interstadial Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000160", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Thermal Fractionation of Firn Air and the Ice Core Record of Abrupt Interstadial Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -89.997, "title": "Firn Air Isotope and Temperature Measurements from Siple Dome and South Pole", "uid": "609098", "west": -148.767}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 1993 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This gridded dataset consists of output from the Polar MM5, a version of the Pennsylvania State University / National Center for Atmospheric Research Fifth Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5; version 2) modified for use over extensive ice sheets. More information on the Polar MM5, including a model description and validation studies, is available at http://www-bprc.mps.ohio-state.edu. A series of 72-h non-hydrostatic forecasts are run for a 1-y period (Jan 1993-Dec 1993) overAntarctica and the high-latitude Southern Ocean. The first 24-h of each forecast are discarded for spin up. The horizontal grid resolution is 60-km, with 120 grid points in the x and y direction. The model topography data are interpolated from a 5-km resolution digital elevation model. The ice shelves are manually identified from climatic maps, and represented as permanent ice. The vertical resolution is represented by 28 sigma levels, with the lowest at 11-m above ground level. The initial and boundary conditions include 12-hourly ECMWF TOGA (2.5 deg) global analysis for the surface and upper air variables, 6-hourly ECMWF TOGA (1.125 deg) global analysis for sea surface temperature, and daily DMSP SSM/I polar gridded sea ice concentration (25-km) from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Model output is in native MM5 format, and available variables are numerous, The reader is referred to the MM5 website for a complete list of variables, as well as detailed documentation and tools for reading and plotting the data. Go to the MM5 homepage at http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5/mm5-home.html. This dataset is currently available upon request from the Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, Columbus, OH. Email David Bromwich (bromwich@polarmet1.mps.ohio-state.edu).", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Bromwich, David", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Polar MM5 model output over Antarctica and high-latitude Southern Ocean during 1993", "uid": "600001", "west": null}]

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