USAP-DC

{"dp_type": "Dataset", "free_text": "Sea Ice"}

[{"awards": "1745057 Walker, Sally; 1745064 Perez-Huerta, Alberto; 0739512 Walker, Sally; 1745080 Gillikin, David", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Mon, 05 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Adamussium colbecki is a large thin-shelled scallop common in Antarctic waters and well represented in the fossil record. Shell nitrogen isotopes in carbonate bound organic matter (d15NCBOM) have the potential to record sea ice state over time. Recent studies illustrated that d15NCBOM values provide a similar proxy as soft tissue d15N values which are in turn are predicably related to food d15N values (Gillikin et al., 2017, GCA, 200, 55\u201366, doi: 10.1016/j.gca.2016.12.008). Sea-ice organic N should have higher d15N values compared to open water organics due to nitrate draw down in the ice (Fripiat et al., 2014, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 28, 115\u2013130, doi:10.1002/2013GB004729). To test this hypothesis we analyzed A. colbecki shells from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails, western McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. These sites have different sea ice states: persistent (multiannual) sea ice at Explorers Cove and annual sea ice (that melts out every year) at Bay of Sails. Six adults shells collected at these sites in 2008 (3 from each site) and two juveniles collected in 2016 from Explorers Cove were be serially sampled for d15NCBOM values from the growing shell margin to the umbo. d15NCBOM values from Explorers Cove with persistent sea ice cover were consistently higher (+10 \u00b1 0.7 \u2030) than those from Bay of Sails where the sea ice melts out every year (+8 \u00b1 0.5 \u2030; t-test p\u003c0.0001). d15NCBOM data from Mid- to Late Holocene shells that grew in these locations will also be presented. We posit that nitrogen isotopes in A. colbecki shells have a high potential to record sea ice cover.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Adamussium Colbecki; Antarctica; Biota; Carbon Isotopes; Explorers Cove; Nitrogen Isotopes; Oxygen Isotope; Scallop", "locations": "Explorers Cove; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Gillikin, David; Puhalski, Emma; Camarra, Steve; Cronin, Kelly; Verheyden, Anouk; Walker, Sally", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores; Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000203", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010238", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Nitrogen, carbon, and oxygen isotopes in the shell of the Antarctic scallop Adamussium colbecki as a proxy for sea ice cover in Antarctica.", "uid": "601764", "west": null}, {"awards": "1745080 Gillikin, David; 1341612 Bowser, Samuel; 1745064 Perez-Huerta, Alberto; 1745057 Walker, Sally; 0739512 Walker, Sally", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -77.2,163.2 -77.2,163.4 -77.2,163.6 -77.2,163.8 -77.2,164 -77.2,164.2 -77.2,164.4 -77.2,164.6 -77.2,164.8 -77.2,165 -77.2,165 -77.25,165 -77.3,165 -77.35000000000001,165 -77.4,165 -77.45,165 -77.5,165 -77.55,165 -77.60000000000001,165 -77.65,165 -77.7,164.8 -77.7,164.6 -77.7,164.4 -77.7,164.2 -77.7,164 -77.7,163.8 -77.7,163.6 -77.7,163.4 -77.7,163.2 -77.7,163 -77.7,163 -77.65,163 -77.60000000000001,163 -77.55,163 -77.5,163 -77.45,163 -77.4,163 -77.35000000000001,163 -77.3,163 -77.25,163 -77.2))"], "date_created": "Fri, 12 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains stable isotopes of carbon and oxygen sampled from 6 adult and 2 juvenile Adamussium colbecki valves. Three of the adults were collected live from Bay of Sails. Three of the adults and the two juveniles were collected from Explorers Cove. ", "east": 165.0, "geometry": ["POINT(164 -77.45)"], "keywords": "Adamussium Colbecki; Antarctica; Bay Of Sails; Carbon; Explorers Cove; Mcmurdo Sound; Oxygen; Stable Isotopes", "locations": "Explorers Cove; Bay Of Sails; Antarctica; Mcmurdo Sound", "north": -77.2, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Cronin, Kelly; Gillikin, David; Puhalski, Emma; Camarra, Steve; Andrus, Fred; Perez-Huerta, Alberto; Verheyden, Anouk; Bowser, Samuel S.; Walker, Sally", "project_titles": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010238", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.7, "title": "Stable isotopes of Oxygen and Carbon in Adamissium colbecki from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails", "uid": "601761", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "1443663 Cole-Dai, Jihong; 1443336 Osterberg, Erich; 1443105 Steig, Eric; 1443397 Kreutz, Karl; 1141839 Steig, Eric", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-99 -90)"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Dec 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes all major ion chemistry data from the South Pole Ice Core as well as sea salt sodium data resampled at annual resolution. The development of this dataset is discussed in Winski et al. 2021. The chloride, nitrate, sulfate, magnesium and calcium data have not yet been published, nor has any data prior to the Holocene. Please contact the dataset authors if you have questions.", "east": -99.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-99 -90)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Chemistry; Ice Core Records; Major Ion; Sea Ice; Sea Salt; Sodium; South Pole; SPICEcore", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Winski, Dominic A.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: South Pole Ice Core Chronology and Climate Records using Chemical and Microparticle Measurements", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010051", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: South Pole Ice Core Chronology and Climate Records using Chemical and Microparticle Measurements"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "South Pole Ice Core Sea Salt and Major Ions", "uid": "601754", "west": -99.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew; 1744602 Iken, Katrin; 1744570 Galloway, Aaron; 1744550 Amsler, Charles", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-67.77137 -64.77195,-67.3795463 -64.77195,-66.9877226 -64.77195,-66.59589890000001 -64.77195,-66.2040752 -64.77195,-65.8122515 -64.77195,-65.4204278 -64.77195,-65.0286041 -64.77195,-64.6367804 -64.77195,-64.2449567 -64.77195,-63.853133 -64.77195,-63.853133 -65.16396350000001,-63.853133 -65.555977,-63.853133 -65.9479905,-63.853133 -66.34000400000001,-63.853133 -66.73201750000001,-63.853133 -67.124031,-63.853133 -67.5160445,-63.853133 -67.90805800000001,-63.853133 -68.3000715,-63.853133 -68.692085,-64.2449567 -68.692085,-64.6367804 -68.692085,-65.0286041 -68.692085,-65.4204278 -68.692085,-65.8122515 -68.692085,-66.2040752 -68.692085,-66.59589890000001 -68.692085,-66.9877226 -68.692085,-67.3795463 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.3000715,-67.77137 -67.90805800000001,-67.77137 -67.5160445,-67.77137 -67.124031,-67.77137 -66.73201750000001,-67.77137 -66.34000400000001,-67.77137 -65.9479905,-67.77137 -65.555977,-67.77137 -65.16396350000001,-67.77137 -64.77195))"], "date_created": "Wed, 30 Aug 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This spreadsheet contains by-hand collection data by transect and depth for macroalgal species from 14 sites in the central Antarctic Peninsula. See Amsler et al. 2023 https://doi.org/10.1525/elementa.2023.00020 for a description of the sites and methodology. Data are from the \"Horizontal Transect Components\" only. ", "east": -63.853133, "geometry": ["POINT(-65.8122515 -66.73201750000001)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -64.77195, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.692085, "title": "Macroalgal species collected along horizontal transect components", "uid": "601725", "west": -67.77137}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"], "date_created": "Wed, 11 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset a CSV file containing the percentages of water (non-land) pixels within various sized buffers (100, 300, 3,000 and 10,000 m radii) buffers around fifteen sampling sites that were classified as being either Sea Ice or Cloud in the Antarctic Landsat Views collection housed within Esri\u2019s curated Living Atlas of the world which is a collection of ready-to-use global geographic content. The encompass a portion of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. This dataset was developed in support of projects ANT-1744550, -744570, -1744584, and -1744602.", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; GIS; LANDSAT; LMG1904; Remote Sensing; R/v Laurence M. Gould", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Landsat Sea Ice/Cloud classifications surrounding project study sites", "uid": "601654", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1744602 Iken, Katrin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-68 -64.5,-67.5 -64.5,-67 -64.5,-66.5 -64.5,-66 -64.5,-65.5 -64.5,-65 -64.5,-64.5 -64.5,-64 -64.5,-63.5 -64.5,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.95,-63 -65.4,-63 -65.85,-63 -66.3,-63 -66.75,-63 -67.2,-63 -67.65,-63 -68.1,-63 -68.55,-63 -69,-63.5 -69,-64 -69,-64.5 -69,-65 -69,-65.5 -69,-66 -69,-66.5 -69,-67 -69,-67.5 -69,-68 -69,-68 -68.55,-68 -68.1,-68 -67.65,-68 -67.2,-68 -66.75,-68 -66.3,-68 -65.85,-68 -65.4,-68 -64.95,-68 -64.5))"], "date_created": "Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The purpose of this dataset was to determine the importance of macroalgal primary producers to the coastal invertebrate food webs along a gradient of sites with increasing mean annual sea ice cover. This dataset contains the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values, in addition to carbon and nitrogen content, of various coastal primary producers and invertebrate consumers from 15 stations along the Antarctic Peninsula from 64 to 69 degree latitude south collected in 2019. Primary producers included multiple species of macroalgae, particulate organic matter (POM) as a proxy of phytoplankton production, and benthic diatoms (where they occurred). Consumers included various benthic invertebrates of different feeding types, from suspension feeders (like sponges and ascidians) to predators/omnivores (like sea stars). ", "east": -63.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65.5 -66.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Carbon; Carbon Isotopes; LMG1904; Nitrogen Isotopes; Oceans", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -64.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Iken, Katrin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Carbon and nitrogen isotope data along a gradient at the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "601653", "west": -68.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-78 -60,-74.6 -60,-71.2 -60,-67.8 -60,-64.4 -60,-61 -60,-57.6 -60,-54.2 -60,-50.8 -60,-47.400000000000006 -60,-44 -60,-44 -61.3,-44 -62.6,-44 -63.9,-44 -65.2,-44 -66.5,-44 -67.8,-44 -69.1,-44 -70.4,-44 -71.7,-44 -73,-47.4 -73,-50.8 -73,-54.2 -73,-57.6 -73,-61 -73,-64.4 -73,-67.8 -73,-71.2 -73,-74.6 -73,-78 -73,-78 -71.7,-78 -70.4,-78 -69.1,-78 -67.8,-78 -66.5,-78 -65.2,-78 -63.9,-78 -62.6,-78 -61.3,-78 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 06 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset comprises a series of geotiff grids of modelled solar radiation (Wh m-2 day-1) for a portion of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. The grids were generated using the r.sun module in Grass GIS. In addition to the a geotiff grid representing the average daily global horizontal irradiance for an entire year, the dataset also includes geotiffs containing daily values of direct beam irradiance, diffuse irradiance, ground reflected irradiance, and global (total) irradiance (all in Wh m-2 day-1) as well as insolation time (hours). This dataset was created in support of projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602.", "east": -44.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-61 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; GIS; GIS Data; LMG1904; R/v Laurence M. Gould; Solar Radiation", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -73.0, "title": "Modelled Solar Irradiance for Western Antarctic Pennisula", "uid": "601651", "west": -78.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-78 -60,-74.6 -60,-71.2 -60,-67.8 -60,-64.4 -60,-61 -60,-57.6 -60,-54.2 -60,-50.8 -60,-47.400000000000006 -60,-44 -60,-44 -61.3,-44 -62.6,-44 -63.9,-44 -65.2,-44 -66.5,-44 -67.8,-44 -69.1,-44 -70.4,-44 -71.7,-44 -73,-47.4 -73,-50.8 -73,-54.2 -73,-57.6 -73,-61 -73,-64.4 -73,-67.8 -73,-71.2 -73,-74.6 -73,-78 -73,-78 -71.7,-78 -70.4,-78 -69.1,-78 -67.8,-78 -66.5,-78 -65.2,-78 -63.9,-78 -62.6,-78 -61.3,-78 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 05 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset comprises a series of geotiff files containing mean annual or summer (October-February) gridded sea ice concentrations for five-year periods developed from available Sea Ice Concentration Datasets (AMSR2, the Sea Ice Index, and National Ice Center Charts). The grids encompass a portion of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. This dataset was developed in support of projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602.", "east": -44.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-61 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; LMG1904; National Ice Center Charts; Sea Ice Concentration", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -73.0, "title": "Five year mean annual and summer sea ice concentration grids for the Western Antarctic Peninsula from AMSR2, National Ice Center Charts and the Sea Ice Index ", "uid": "601649", "west": -78.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"], "date_created": "Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This csv dataset contains diffuse attenuation coefficients (units: m-1) from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Kd(490) product. The values are from the nearest corresponding pixels from the fifteen study sites associated with visited by projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602 during ARSV Laurence M. Gould cruise LMG 19-04 in April and May 2019. \r\nThese attenuation coefficients were generated by the NOAA CoastWatch/OceanWatch program. They are remote sensing estimates of diffuse attenuation coefficients at a 490 nm wavelength in for approximately 4x4 km cells using the algorithm described in (Wang et al., 2017).\r\nThe dataset includes January-February-March (JFM), October-November-December (OND) as well as October to March averages for each site. OND averages are not available for all sites and therefore are not included in the October-March averages. An indication of the distance from the site to the nearest pixel with a Kd(490) observation is noted.\r\nWang, M., X. Liu, L. Jiang, and S. Son. 2017. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD), The VIIRS Ocean Color Products, Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document Version 1.0.", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient; LMG1904; R/v Laurence M. Gould; Turbidity", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "VIIRS KD(490) diffuse attenuation coefficients for study sites", "uid": "601640", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-78 -60,-74.6 -60,-71.2 -60,-67.8 -60,-64.4 -60,-61 -60,-57.6 -60,-54.2 -60,-50.8 -60,-47.400000000000006 -60,-44 -60,-44 -61.3,-44 -62.6,-44 -63.9,-44 -65.2,-44 -66.5,-44 -67.8,-44 -69.1,-44 -70.4,-44 -71.7,-44 -73,-47.4 -73,-50.8 -73,-54.2 -73,-57.6 -73,-61 -73,-64.4 -73,-67.8 -73,-71.2 -73,-74.6 -73,-78 -73,-78 -71.7,-78 -70.4,-78 -69.1,-78 -67.8,-78 -66.5,-78 -65.2,-78 -63.9,-78 -62.6,-78 -61.3,-78 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains gridded sea ice concentrations developed from vector GIS National Ice Center (NIC) Charts for a portion of the western Antarctic Peninsula. This dataset was developed in support of projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602. It contains geotif files containing the minimum, maximum, and midpoint (average) sea ice concentrations in tenths calculated from NIC vector GIS layers for the 2008-2019 time period.", "east": -44.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-61 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; LMG1904; National Ice Center Charts; R/v Laurence M. Gould; Sea Ice Concentration", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -73.0, "title": "Gridded sea ice concentrations from National Ice Center (NIC) Charts 2014-2019 for Western Antarctic Peninsula ", "uid": "601643", "west": -78.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"], "date_created": "Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This cvs dataset contains time series of sea ice concentrations from four remote sensing derived products \u2013 the Sea Ice Index (Sea Ice Index), AMSR2 and AMSR-E, and National Ice Center NIC Charts. The dataset consists of the daily (or weekly in the case of NIC) timeseries for the available period of record beginning in 1979 for the Sea Ice Index and extending until April 1, 2019. The sea ice concentrations were extracted from the nearest corresponding pixels from the fifteen study sites associated with visited by projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602 during ARSV Laurence M. Gould cruise LMG 19-04 in April and May 2019. In addition to the original time series, five-year annual means starting on April 1st are computed for the Sea Ice Index, AMSR2 and NIC datasets all of which covered the 2014-2019 period. These five-year means include both annual and summer (October-February).", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; LMG1904; R/v Laurence M. Gould; Sea Ice Concentration", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Sea Ice Concentration Timeseries for study sites", "uid": "601642", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"], "date_created": "Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This csv dataset contains modelled average global horizontal solar irradiance (KWh m-2 day-1) for the fifteen study sites associated with visited by projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602 during ARSV Laurence M. Gould cruise LMG 19-04 in April and May 2019.", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Average Global Horizontal Solar Irradiance; Biota; LMG1904; R/v Laurence M. Gould", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Average global horizontal solar irradiance at study sites", "uid": "601641", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"], "date_created": "Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This csv dataset includes the fetch distances for the 15 study sites visited by projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602 during ARSV Laurence M. Gould cruise LMG 19-04 in April and May 2019. The fetch distances were computed for each of the following eight cardinal directions (0\u00b0,45\u00b0,90\u00b0,135\u00b0,180\u00b0,225\u00b0,270\u00b0,315\u00b0). The fetches are all reported in meters (m). Fetch was determined by computing the distance along each of the eight directions to the nearest shoreline based on a 100 m resolution land/water grid. The grid was constructed using a vector-to-raster conversion of the Scientific Council of Antarctic Research (SCAR) Antarctic Digital Database\u2019s High resolution vector polylines of the Antarctic coastline. The fetch computations utilized an ArcGIS toolbox based on code by Finlayson (2006) that computes fetch using the recommended procedures from the US Army Corp of Engineers Shore Protection Manual (USACE, 1984).\r\nFinlayson, D.P. 2006. The geomorphology of Puget Sound beaches. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Washington, Seattle. 216 p.\r\nGerrish, L., Fretwell, P., \u0026 Cooper, P. (2021). High resolution vector polylines of the Antarctic coastline (7.4) [Data set]. UK Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research \u0026 Innovation. https://doi.org/10.5285/e46be5bc-ef8e-4fd5-967b-92863fbe2835\u0027.\r\nUSACE, 1984. Shore Protection Manual, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia.\r\n", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Fetch; LMG1904; R/v Laurence M. Gould", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Computed fetch for project study sites", "uid": "601639", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1643735 Li, Yun; 2021245 Li, Yun", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -61.8,180 -63.6,180 -65.4,180 -67.2,180 -69,180 -70.8,180 -72.6,180 -74.4,180 -76.2,180 -78,144 -78,108 -78,72 -78,36 -78,0 -78,-36 -78,-72 -78,-108 -78,-144 -78,-180 -78,-180 -76.2,-180 -74.4,-180 -72.6,-180 -70.8,-180 -69,-180 -67.2,-180 -65.4,-180 -63.6,-180 -61.8,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Mon, 12 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Coastal Antarctic polynyas are regions with concentrated phytoplankton blooms, and therefore have important implications for marine ecosystems and the associated carbon cycles. Seasonal water-column stratification, regulated by sea ice, can modulate the exposure of phytoplankton to light and nutrients, and is one of the most important factors that control the duration and strength of algal blooms. Polynyas differ greatly in their stratification, thus are not equally productive in terms of phytoplankton biomass, nor equally vulnerable to the changes in regional climate. To date, most studies have been focusing on individual polynyas, yet a systematic assessment of stratification patterns across polynyas is still lacking. Therefore, we examined the spatial and seasonal variability of stratification in circum-Antarctic coastal polynyas. Using \u003e105 in situ hydrographic casts combined from the World Ocean Database (1970-2021) and the Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole Consortium Database (2004-2017), we constructed stratification seasonal climatology using 0-100 m Simpson Energy. Our results showed that stratification magnitude varies by a factor of 6 and its onset time displays 1-2 months difference across all the polynyas. In the presence of warmer water at depths, polynyas tend to develop stronger stratification than others. The spatial variations of stratification are negatively related to sea ice retreat rate and polynya size, indicative of distinct dynamics resulted from the interaction of sea ice melting, advection and water-column mixing.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctic; Antarctica; Antarctic Coastal Polynyas; Polynya", "locations": "Antarctic Coastal Polynyas; Antarctic; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Li, Yun; Shunk, Nathan; Zhang, Weifeng", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010044", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Monthly Stratification Climatology (1978-2021) in Antarctic Coastal Polynyas", "uid": "601628", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1744570 Galloway, Aaron; 1744584 Klein, Andrew; 1744602 Iken, Katrin; 1744550 Amsler, Charles", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-67.77137 -64.77195,-67.3795463 -64.77195,-66.9877226 -64.77195,-66.59589890000001 -64.77195,-66.2040752 -64.77195,-65.8122515 -64.77195,-65.4204278 -64.77195,-65.0286041 -64.77195,-64.6367804 -64.77195,-64.2449567 -64.77195,-63.853133 -64.77195,-63.853133 -65.16396350000001,-63.853133 -65.555977,-63.853133 -65.9479905,-63.853133 -66.34000400000001,-63.853133 -66.73201750000001,-63.853133 -67.124031,-63.853133 -67.5160445,-63.853133 -67.90805800000001,-63.853133 -68.3000715,-63.853133 -68.692085,-64.2449567 -68.692085,-64.6367804 -68.692085,-65.0286041 -68.692085,-65.4204278 -68.692085,-65.8122515 -68.692085,-66.2040752 -68.692085,-66.59589890000001 -68.692085,-66.9877226 -68.692085,-67.3795463 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.3000715,-67.77137 -67.90805800000001,-67.77137 -67.5160445,-67.77137 -67.124031,-67.77137 -66.73201750000001,-67.77137 -66.34000400000001,-67.77137 -65.9479905,-67.77137 -65.555977,-67.77137 -65.16396350000001,-67.77137 -64.77195))"], "date_created": "Thu, 17 Nov 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset consists of a file with results of community analyses from underwater video transects along the benthos at 14 sites between the Joubin Islands in the north and the Terra Firma Islands in the south. ", "east": -63.853133, "geometry": ["POINT(-65.8122515 -66.73201750000001)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Benthic Communities; Biota; Macroalgae; Macroinvertebrates; Oceans; Video Transects", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -64.77195, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.692085, "title": "Underwater video transect community analysis data", "uid": "601619", "west": -67.77137}, {"awards": "1744550 Amsler, Charles", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-67.77137 -64.77195,-67.3795463 -64.77195,-66.9877226 -64.77195,-66.59589890000001 -64.77195,-66.2040752 -64.77195,-65.8122515 -64.77195,-65.4204278 -64.77195,-65.0286041 -64.77195,-64.6367804 -64.77195,-64.2449567 -64.77195,-63.853133 -64.77195,-63.853133 -65.16396350000001,-63.853133 -65.555977,-63.853133 -65.9479905,-63.853133 -66.34000400000001,-63.853133 -66.73201750000001,-63.853133 -67.124031,-63.853133 -67.5160445,-63.853133 -67.90805800000001,-63.853133 -68.3000715,-63.853133 -68.692085,-64.2449567 -68.692085,-64.6367804 -68.692085,-65.0286041 -68.692085,-65.4204278 -68.692085,-65.8122515 -68.692085,-66.2040752 -68.692085,-66.59589890000001 -68.692085,-66.9877226 -68.692085,-67.3795463 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.692085,-67.77137 -68.3000715,-67.77137 -67.90805800000001,-67.77137 -67.5160445,-67.77137 -67.124031,-67.77137 -66.73201750000001,-67.77137 -66.34000400000001,-67.77137 -65.9479905,-67.77137 -65.555977,-67.77137 -65.16396350000001,-67.77137 -64.77195))"], "date_created": "Fri, 23 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset consists of underwater videos of transects along the benthos at 14 sites between the Joubin Islands in the north and the Terra Firma Islands in the south. These were used for community analyses of the benthic communities. ", "east": -63.853133, "geometry": ["POINT(-65.8122515 -66.73201750000001)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Benthic Communities; Biota; Macroalgae; Macroinvertebrates; Oceans; Video Transects", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -64.77195, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.692085, "title": "Underwater transect videos used for community analyses", "uid": "601610", "west": -67.77137}, {"awards": "1744562 Loose, Brice; 1341717 Ackley, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -71,-179.9 -71,-179.8 -71,-179.7 -71,-179.6 -71,-179.5 -71,-179.4 -71,-179.3 -71,-179.2 -71,-179.1 -71,-179 -71,-179 -71.7,-179 -72.4,-179 -73.1,-179 -73.8,-179 -74.5,-179 -75.2,-179 -75.9,-179 -76.6,-179 -77.3,-179 -78,-179.1 -78,-179.2 -78,-179.3 -78,-179.4 -78,-179.5 -78,-179.6 -78,-179.7 -78,-179.8 -78,-179.9 -78,180 -78,177.5 -78,175 -78,172.5 -78,170 -78,167.5 -78,165 -78,162.5 -78,160 -78,157.5 -78,155 -78,155 -77.3,155 -76.6,155 -75.9,155 -75.2,155 -74.5,155 -73.8,155 -73.1,155 -72.4,155 -71.7,155 -71,157.5 -71,160 -71,162.5 -71,165 -71,167.5 -71,170 -71,172.5 -71,175 -71,177.5 -71,-180 -71))"], "date_created": "Thu, 15 Sep 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Discrete noble gases were collected by cold-welded copper tubes within the Amundsen and Ross Sea polynyas. ", "east": -179.0, "geometry": ["POINT(168 -74.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Mass Spectrometer; NBP1704; Noble Gas; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -71.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Loose, Brice", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica; Measuring Dissolved Gases to Reveal the Processes that Drive the Solubility Pump and Determine Gas Concentration in Antarctic Bottom Water", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010376", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Measuring Dissolved Gases to Reveal the Processes that Drive the Solubility Pump and Determine Gas Concentration in Antarctic Bottom Water"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "PIPERS Noble Gases", "uid": "601609", "west": 155.0}, {"awards": "1840058 Jenouvrier, Stephanie; 1246407 Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Mon, 27 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Individuals differ in many ways. Most produce few offspring; a handful produce many. Some\r\ndie early; others live to old age. It is tempting to attribute these differences in outcomes to differences in individual traits, and thus in the demographic rates experienced. However, there is\r\nmore to individual variation than meets the eye of the biologist. Even among individuals sharing identical traits, life history outcomes (life expectancy and lifetime reproduction) will vary due\r\nto individual stochasticity, i.e., to chance. Quantifying the contributions of heterogeneity and\r\nchance is essential to understanding natural variability. Inter-individual differences vary across environmental conditions, hence heterogeneity and stochasticity depend on environmental conditions. We show that favorable conditions increase the contributions of individual stochasticity, and reduce the contributions of heterogeneity, to variance in demographic outcomes in a seabird population. The opposite is true under poor conditions. This result has important consequence for understanding the ecology and evolution of life history strategies.\r\n\r\nSpecifically, three life-history complexes exist in a population of southern fulmar (defined as sets of life-history characteristics that occur together through the lifetime of an individual). They are reminiscent of the gradient of life- history strategy observed among species:\r\n\r\n1. Group 1 (14% of offspring at fledging) is a slow-paced life history where individuals tend to delay recruitment, recruit successfully, and extend their reproductive lifespan.\r\n2. Group 2 (67% of offspring at fledging) consists of individuals that are less likely to recruit, have high adult survival, and skip breeding often.\r\n3. Group 3 (19% of offspring at fledging) is a fast-paced life history where individuals recruit early and attempt to breed often but have a short lifespan.\r\n\r\nIndividuals in groups 1 and 3 are considered \u201chigh-quality\u201d individuals because they produce, on average, more offspring over their lives than do individuals in group 2. But group 2 is made-up of individuals that experience the highest levels of adult survival.\r\n \r\nDifferences between these groups, i.e. individual heterogeneity, only explains a small fraction of variance in life expectancy (5.9%) and lifetime reproduction (22%) when environmental conditions are ordinary. We expect that the environmental context experienced, especially when environmental conditions get extreme, is key to characterizing individual heterogeneity and its contribution to life history outcomes. Here, we build on previous studies to quantify the impact of extreme environmental conditions on the relative contributions of individual heterogeneity and stochasticity to variance in life history outcomes.\r\nWe found that the differences in vital rates and demographic outcomes among complexes depend on the sea ice conditions individuals experience. Importantly, differences across life history complexes are amplified when sea ice concentration get extremely low. Sea ice conditions did not only affect patterns of life history traits, but also the variance of life history outcomes and the relative proportion of individual unobserved heterogeneity to the total variance. These new results advance the current debate on the relative importance heterogeneity (i.e. potentially adaptive) and stochasticity (i.e. enhances genetic drift) in shaping potentially neutral vs. adaptive changes in life histories.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Birds; East Antarctica; Southern Fulmar", "locations": "East Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "project_titles": "Linking Foraging Behaviors to Demography to understand Albatrosses Population Responses to Climate Change; Polar Seabirds with Long-term Pair Bonds: Effects of Mating on Individual Fitness and Population Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010090", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Polar Seabirds with Long-term Pair Bonds: Effects of Mating on Individual Fitness and Population Dynamics"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010002", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Linking Foraging Behaviors to Demography to understand Albatrosses Population Responses to Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Demographic outputs and their variances for three life history complexes for the Southern Fulmar across contrasted sea ice conditions.", "uid": "601585", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1643436 Donohoe, Aaron", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 90,-180 72,-180 54,-180 36,-180 18,-180 0,-180 -18,-180 -36,-180 -54,-180 -72,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,-180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -90,180 -72,180 -54,180 -36,180 -18,180 0,180 18,180 36,180 54,180 72,180 90,180 90,180 90,180 90,180 90,180 90,180 90,180 90,180 90,180 90,-180 90))"], "date_created": "Fri, 10 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The partitioning of top of atmosphere radiation into surface and atmospheric contributions using the isotropic SW model over the CERES satellite record ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": 90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Donohoe, Aaron", "project_titles": "What Processes Drive Southern Ocean Sea Ice Variability and Trends? Insights from the Energy Budget of the Coupled Cryosphere-ocean-atmosphere System", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010336", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "What Processes Drive Southern Ocean Sea Ice Variability and Trends? Insights from the Energy Budget of the Coupled Cryosphere-ocean-atmosphere System"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Partionining of CERES planetary albedo between atmospheric and surface reflection", "uid": "601579", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1744794 Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Mon, 24 Jan 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "In a fast-changing world, polar ecosystems are threatened by climate variability.\r\nUnderstanding the roles of fine-scale processes, and linear and nonlinear effects of climate factors on the demography of polar species is crucial for anticipating the future state of these fragile ecosystems. While the effects of sea ice on polar marine top predators are increasingly being studied, little is known about the impacts of landfast ice (LFI) on this species community. Based on a unique 39-year time series of satellite imagery and in situ meteorological conditions and on the world\u2019s longest dataset of emperor penguin (Aptenodytes forsteri) breeding parameters, we studied the effects of fine-scale variability of LFI andweather conditions on this species\u2019 reproductive success. We found that longer distances to the LFI edge (i.e. foraging areas) negatively affected the overall breeding success but also the fledging success. Climate window analyses suggested that chick mortality was particularly sensitive\r\nto LFI variability between August and November. Snowfall in May also affected hatching success. Given the sensitivity of LFI to storms and changes in wind direction, important future repercussions on the breeding habitat of emperor penguins are to be expected in the context of climate change.\r\n\r\nThese files contain the code and data from this manuscript. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Breeding Success; Emperor Penguin; Fast Sea Ice", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Jenouvrier, Stephanie; Labrousse, Sara", "project_titles": "A Multi-scale Approach to Understanding Spatial and Population Variability in Emperor Penguins", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010229", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "A Multi-scale Approach to Understanding Spatial and Population Variability in Emperor Penguins"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010447", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "A Multi-scale Approach to Understanding Spatial and Population Variability in Emperor Penguins"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Landfast ice: a major driver of reproductive success in a polar seabird", "uid": "601513", "west": null}, {"awards": "1745057 Walker, Sally", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163.4 -77.3,163.46 -77.3,163.52 -77.3,163.58 -77.3,163.64 -77.3,163.7 -77.3,163.76 -77.3,163.82 -77.3,163.88 -77.3,163.94 -77.3,164 -77.3,164 -77.33,164 -77.36,164 -77.39,164 -77.42,164 -77.45,164 -77.48,164 -77.51,164 -77.54,164 -77.57,164 -77.6,163.94 -77.6,163.88 -77.6,163.82 -77.6,163.76 -77.6,163.7 -77.6,163.64 -77.6,163.58 -77.6,163.52 -77.6,163.46 -77.6,163.4 -77.6,163.4 -77.57,163.4 -77.54,163.4 -77.51,163.4 -77.48,163.4 -77.45,163.4 -77.42,163.4 -77.39,163.4 -77.36,163.4 -77.33,163.4 -77.3))"], "date_created": "Thu, 12 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes measurements of shell growth between striae (small, comarginal ridges on valve surfaces) and visual analysis of striae groups. The script analyses the variation among striae groups, and time series analysis of interstrial increments. ", "east": 164.0, "geometry": ["POINT(163.7 -77.45)"], "keywords": "Adamussium Colbecki; Antarctica; Mcmurdo", "locations": "Mcmurdo; Antarctica", "north": -77.3, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Cronin, Kelly; Walker, Sally", "project_titles": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010238", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.6, "title": "Analysis of striae groups and interstrial increments from Adamussium colbecki valves from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails", "uid": "601469", "west": 163.4}, {"awards": "1745057 Walker, Sally", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163.4 -77.3,163.46 -77.3,163.52 -77.3,163.58 -77.3,163.64 -77.3,163.7 -77.3,163.76 -77.3,163.82 -77.3,163.88 -77.3,163.94 -77.3,164 -77.3,164 -77.33,164 -77.36,164 -77.39,164 -77.42,164 -77.45,164 -77.48,164 -77.51,164 -77.54,164 -77.57,164 -77.6,163.94 -77.6,163.88 -77.6,163.82 -77.6,163.76 -77.6,163.7 -77.6,163.64 -77.6,163.58 -77.6,163.52 -77.6,163.46 -77.6,163.4 -77.6,163.4 -77.57,163.4 -77.54,163.4 -77.51,163.4 -77.48,163.4 -77.45,163.4 -77.42,163.4 -77.39,163.4 -77.36,163.4 -77.33,163.4 -77.3))"], "date_created": "Wed, 11 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains yearly growth increments (mm) of live-collected Adamussium colbecki from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails in Western McMurdo Sound. Annual growth is delineated by annuli (external growth bands; see Cronin et al., 2020). Straight length measurements were taken with digital calipers from umbo to ventral margin along the central axis. The purpose of data collection was to compare growth and lifespan of A. colbecki under annual and multiannual sea ice. ", "east": 164.0, "geometry": ["POINT(163.7 -77.45)"], "keywords": "Adamussium Colbecki; Antarctica; Growth; Mcmurdo Sound; Shell Fish", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -77.3, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Cronin, Kelly; Walker, Sally", "project_titles": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010238", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.6, "title": "Annual growth of Adamussium colbecki from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails", "uid": "601468", "west": 163.4}, {"awards": "1543541 Ainley, David; 1935870 Ballard, Grant; 0439200 Dugger, Katie; 0944358 Dugger, Katie; 1935901 Dugger, Katie; 1543459 Dugger, Katie; 1543498 Ballard, Grant; 0440643 Ainley, David; 0944411 Ainley, David; 0944141 Ballard, Grant; 0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Wed, 12 May 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": "Adelie Penguin; Antarctica; Biota; Demography; Mark-Recapture; Monitoring; Penguin; Ross Island", "locations": "Ross Island; Antarctica", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "A Full Lifecycle Approach to Understanding Ad\u00e9lie Penguin Response to Changing Pack Ice Conditions in the Ross Sea.; COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels; COLLABORATIVE: Geographic Structure of Adelie Penguin Colonies - Demography of Population Change; Population Growth at the Southern Extreme: Effects of Early Life Conditions on Adelie penguin Individuals and Colonies", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010179", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Population Growth at the Southern Extreme: Effects of Early Life Conditions on Adelie penguin Individuals and Colonies"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000068", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Geographic Structure of Adelie Penguin Colonies - Demography of Population Change"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010177", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "A Full Lifecycle Approach to Understanding Ad\u00e9lie Penguin Response to Changing Pack Ice Conditions in the Ross Sea."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin resighting data 1997-2021 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "601444", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "1543498 Ballard, Grant; 0439759 Ballard, Grant; 0944141 Ballard, Grant; 1543541 Ainley, David; 1543459 Dugger, Katie", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 11 May 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": "Adelie Penguin; Antarctica; Biota; Demography; Penguin; Ross Sea; Seabirds", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Instrumentation and Support; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "A Full Lifecycle Approach to Understanding Ad\u00e9lie Penguin Response to Changing Pack Ice Conditions in the Ross Sea.; COLLABORATIVE: Geographic Structure of Adelie Penguin Colonies - Demography of Population Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000068", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Geographic Structure of Adelie Penguin Colonies - Demography of Population Change"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010177", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "A Full Lifecycle Approach to Understanding Ad\u00e9lie Penguin Response to Changing Pack Ice Conditions in the Ross Sea."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin banding data 1994-2021 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "601443", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "1341606 Stammerjohn, Sharon", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -59.9,-179.53 -59.9,-179.06 -59.9,-178.59 -59.9,-178.12 -59.9,-177.65 -59.9,-177.18 -59.9,-176.71 -59.9,-176.24 -59.9,-175.77 -59.9,-175.3 -59.9,-175.3 -61.68,-175.3 -63.46,-175.3 -65.24,-175.3 -67.02,-175.3 -68.8,-175.3 -70.58,-175.3 -72.36,-175.3 -74.14,-175.3 -75.92,-175.3 -77.7,-175.77 -77.7,-176.24 -77.7,-176.71 -77.7,-177.18 -77.7,-177.65 -77.7,-178.12 -77.7,-178.59 -77.7,-179.06 -77.7,-179.53 -77.7,180 -77.7,178.36 -77.7,176.72 -77.7,175.08 -77.7,173.44 -77.7,171.8 -77.7,170.16 -77.7,168.52 -77.7,166.88 -77.7,165.24 -77.7,163.6 -77.7,163.6 -75.92,163.6 -74.14,163.6 -72.36,163.6 -70.58,163.6 -68.8,163.6 -67.02,163.6 -65.24,163.6 -63.46,163.6 -61.68,163.6 -59.9,165.24 -59.9,166.88 -59.9,168.52 -59.9,170.16 -59.9,171.8 -59.9,173.44 -59.9,175.08 -59.9,176.72 -59.9,178.36 -59.9,-180 -59.9))"], "date_created": "Tue, 12 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ocean profile data from a SeaBird SBE 911plus CTD package deployed on the NBP1704 PIPERS cruise in the Ross Sea (Apr 11 to Jun 10, 2017). ", "east": 163.6, "geometry": ["POINT(174.15 -68.8)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CTD; CTD Data; NBP1704; Ocean Profile Data; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; Temperature", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -59.9, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Stammerjohn, Sharon", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.7, "title": "NBP1704 CTD sensor data", "uid": "601422", "west": -175.3}, {"awards": "1644196 Cziko, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Long-term images taken by the camera from the McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory mooring in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica during its 2-year deployment (2017-2019). The mooring was situated at the seawater terminus of the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty at 21 m deep, typically under thick sea ice cover. The automated 360\u00b0 pan-tilt-zoom (ptz) camera, inside of an air-filled self-cleaning dome, was programmed to move to 42 ptz \"waypoints\" every hour and take a still 1920x1080 JPG image for archiving. Lights, oriented in one direction only, illuminated a rock/rubble slope for much of each winter, when there was no natural illumination. The camera was situated on a concrete block, which elevated the camera about 1m off of the seabed. Motile and sessile benthic biota, including notothenioid fishes, anemones, pycnogonids, asteroids, soft-corals, sponges, and nudibranchs are commonly seen in the images. Some ptz waypoints survey the water column and underside of the sea ice, capturing also the presence of larval/juvenile fishes and other plankton/nekton in the water column. Maximum intervals between subsequent images from the same ptz waypoint were about 1 hour, though many waypoints were captured at somewhat higher frequency. Interval images, taken at 5-min intervals irrespective of camera orientation, were also captured. Images are occasionally obscured/impacted by the camera dome\u0027s wiper, darkness, low visibility, minor fouling of the camera dome, and out-of-focus lens elements. ", "east": 166.6645, "geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic Ecology; Benthic Invertebrates; Biota; Mcmurdo Sound; Notothenioid; Notothenioid Fishes; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Rocky Reef Community; Soft-Bottom Community; Timelaps Images", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -77.851, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Cziko, Paul", "project_titles": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010147", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.851, "title": "Long-term underwater images from around a single mooring site in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)", "uid": "601417", "west": 166.6645}, {"awards": "1644196 Cziko, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Broadband underwater acoustic recordings from the McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory mooring near the seaward terminus of the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty. An omnidirectional Ocean Sonics icListen hydrophone (SB2-ETH, SN 1713) recorded continuously at 512 kilosamples/second (256 kHz Nyquist frequency; 24 bit) for 2 years. The hydrophone was mounted vertically on a steel strut (insulated with rubber sheet) at about 70 cm above the mud/gravel seabed at 21m deep, with the sloping 45\u00b0 rubble face of the jetty just behind the hydrophone. Temporal coverage is \u003e90%, with gaps and truncated files arising due to network and power outages and software bugs. The audio recordings are 10 minute WAV files, compressed using the lossless FLAC code (Free Lossless Audio Codec, xiph.org; about 33MB of data/minute compressed; 100MB/min uncompressed). The hydrophone was under thick (to 3 m) sea ice cover for the majority of the dataset. The majority of the recorded biological sounds were produced by Weddell seals. Orca were present intermittently (~10 days total) in January-March in both summers. Known non-biological sounds include irregular low-intensity, broad-spectrum clicks and cracks from the sea ice cover, occasional wind noise, a 1.5-s gurgle with components to 200kHz every 90s from the CTD\u2019s pump, a broad-spectrum mechanical sound for 3 min every 4 h from the observatory\u0027s underwater camera cleaning system, low-intensity whines (about 18, 58, 83, and 130 kHz, though variable over the dataset) thought to be from the station seawater pumps (\u003e100 m away within the jetty\u2019s well casing), and intermittent noises from tracked-vehicles and helicopters (September\u2013February), SCUBA divers (October\u2013December), and ships (January). Given hosting limitations, only every 6th file (roughly 10min/hour) has been archived here. Additional data can be obtained by contacting the primary author of the dataset, who will maintain it for as long as possible. Audio spectrogram images (PNGs) at three frequency ranges (three stacked panels per image, upper limits of 2.5, 25, and 256 kHz) from the entire dataset (all data, not subsampled) are also archived separately.", "east": 166.6645, "geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Bioacoustics; Biota; Hydroacoustics; Killer Whales; Leptonychotes Weddellii; Mcmurdo Sound; Oceans; Orcinus Orca; Sea Ice; Weddell Seal; Whales", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -77.851, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Cziko, Paul", "project_titles": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010147", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.851, "title": "Long-term broadband underwater acoustic recordings from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)", "uid": "601416", "west": 166.6645}, {"awards": "1443663 Cole-Dai, Jihong; 1141839 Steig, Eric; 1443105 Steig, Eric; 1443397 Kreutz, Karl; 1443336 Osterberg, Erich", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-89.16 -89.99)"], "date_created": "Thu, 05 Nov 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes major ion and seasonal sea salt chemistry data from the South Pole Ice Core. Included are the raw major ion data, annually resolved mean, maximum and minimum sea salt sodium concentrations and centennially resolved principal components (discussed in Winski et al. (in review).", "east": -89.16, "geometry": ["POINT(-89.16 -89.99)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Chemistry; Ice Core Records; Major Ion; Sea Ice; Sea Salt; Sodium; South Pole; SPICEcore", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -89.99, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Winski, Dominic A.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: A 1500m Ice Core from South Pole; Collaborative Research: Record of the Triple-oxygen Isotope and Hydrogen Isotope Composition of Ice from an Ice Core at South Pole; Collaborative Research: South Pole Ice Core Chronology and Climate Records using Chemical and Microparticle Measurements", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010060", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: A 1500m Ice Core from South Pole"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010051", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: South Pole Ice Core Chronology and Climate Records using Chemical and Microparticle Measurements"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010065", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Record of the Triple-oxygen Isotope and Hydrogen Isotope Composition of Ice from an Ice Core at South Pole"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -89.99, "title": "South Pole Ice Core Holocene Major Ion Dataset", "uid": "601399", "west": -89.16}, {"awards": "0632282 Jacobs, Stanley", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-130 -64,-126.5 -64,-123 -64,-119.5 -64,-116 -64,-112.5 -64,-109 -64,-105.5 -64,-102 -64,-98.5 -64,-95 -64,-95 -65.15,-95 -66.3,-95 -67.45,-95 -68.6,-95 -69.75,-95 -70.9,-95 -72.05,-95 -73.2,-95 -74.35,-95 -75.5,-98.5 -75.5,-102 -75.5,-105.5 -75.5,-109 -75.5,-112.5 -75.5,-116 -75.5,-119.5 -75.5,-123 -75.5,-126.5 -75.5,-130 -75.5,-130 -74.35,-130 -73.2,-130 -72.05,-130 -70.9,-130 -69.75,-130 -68.6,-130 -67.45,-130 -66.3,-130 -65.15,-130 -64))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was derived from data acquired during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0901 conducted in 2009 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Stan Jacobs; Investigator(s): Dr. Stan Jacobs and Dr. Bruce Huber). These data files are of Matlab Binary format and include Current Measurement, Salinity, and Temperature data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise, Shedding dynamic light on iron limitation: The interplay of iron limitation and dynamic irradiance conditions in governing the phytoplankton distribution in the Ross Sea, and Collaborative Research: Sampling the ocean - sea ice interaction in the Pacific center of the Antarctic Dipole, and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): OPP06-32282.", "east": -95.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.5 -69.75)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctic; Antarctica; CTD; CTD Data; Current Measurements; NBP0901; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Pine Island Bay; Pine Island Glacier; R/v Nathaniel B. 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Palmer expedition NBP0901", "uid": "601350", "west": -130.0}, {"awards": "0632282 Jacobs, Stanley", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-130 -66,-127 -66,-124 -66,-121 -66,-118 -66,-115 -66,-112 -66,-109 -66,-106 -66,-103 -66,-100 -66,-100 -66.95,-100 -67.9,-100 -68.85,-100 -69.8,-100 -70.75,-100 -71.7,-100 -72.65,-100 -73.6,-100 -74.55,-100 -75.5,-103 -75.5,-106 -75.5,-109 -75.5,-112 -75.5,-115 -75.5,-118 -75.5,-121 -75.5,-124 -75.5,-127 -75.5,-130 -75.5,-130 -74.55,-130 -73.6,-130 -72.65,-130 -71.7,-130 -70.75,-130 -69.8,-130 -68.85,-130 -67.9,-130 -66.95,-130 -66))"], "date_created": "Thu, 25 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a LDEO LADCP Sonar during Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0901 conducted in 2009 (Chief Scientist: Dr. Stan Jacobs; Investigator(s): Dr. Andreas Thurnherr). These data files are of ASCII format and include Current Measurement data and were processed after data collection. Data were acquired as part of the project(s): Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise, Shedding dynamic light on iron limitation: The interplay of iron limitation and dynamic irradiance conditions in governing the phytoplankton distribution in the Ross Sea, and Collaborative Research: Sampling the ocean - sea ice interaction in the Pacific center of the Antarctic Dipole, and funding was provided by NSF grant(s): OPP06-32282.", "east": -100.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-115 -70.75)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Current Measurements; LADCP; NBP0901; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Pine Island Bay; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Southern Ocean; Pine Island Bay; Antarctica", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Thurnherr, Andreas", "project_titles": "IPY/ASEP - Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000332", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "IPY/ASEP - Collaborative International Research: Amundsen Sea Influence on West Antarctic Ice Sheet Stability and Sea Level Rise."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -75.5, "title": "Calibrated Hydrographic Data acquired with a LADCP from the Amundsen Sea acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0901", "uid": "601349", "west": -130.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew; 1744570 Galloway, Aaron; 1744550 Amsler, Charles; 1744602 Iken, Katrin", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Thu, 04 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This .cvs file contains the latitude and longitude, along with closest geographic names, for the 15 study sites visited by projects projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602 during ARSV Laurence M. Gould cruise LMG 19-04 in April and May 2019.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; LMG1904; R/v Laurence M. Gould; Sample Location", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Amsler, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Latitude and longitude data for project study sites", "uid": "601330", "west": null}, {"awards": "1143836 Leventer, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((117 -66,119.9 -66,122.8 -66,125.7 -66,128.6 -66,131.5 -66,134.4 -66,137.3 -66,140.2 -66,143.1 -66,146 -66,146 -66.1,146 -66.2,146 -66.3,146 -66.4,146 -66.5,146 -66.6,146 -66.7,146 -66.8,146 -66.9,146 -67,143.1 -67,140.2 -67,137.3 -67,134.4 -67,131.5 -67,128.6 -67,125.7 -67,122.8 -67,119.9 -67,117 -67,117 -66.9,117 -66.8,117 -66.7,117 -66.6,117 -66.5,117 -66.4,117 -66.3,117 -66.2,117 -66.1,117 -66))"], "date_created": "Thu, 27 Feb 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Totten Glacier is the termination of the largest marine-based portion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, the Aurora Subglacial Basin. Yet little is known about the glacial evolution of the catchment and the factors influencing its present and past behavior. Due its remote location and heavy sea ice, the continental shelf in front of the Totten Glacier had not been comprehensively surveyed prior to this study. Satellite observations indicate that the Totten ice drainage system is thinning, and it has been hypothesized that this thinning is in response to undermelting by warm ocean waters over the continental shelf. While this process is observed elsewhere in Antarctica (e.g. the rapidly retreating Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica), the Totten Glacier system is potentially Antarcticas most important glacial drainage system due to its large size; it is three times larger than any system in West Antarctica. \u003c/br\u003eThe main goals of this proposal were: \u003c/br\u003eTo generate multibeam bathymetric maps of the continental shelf proximal to the Totten Glacier system to understand the recent regional glacial history and to document the pathways, if any, for circumpolar deep water to move onto the shelf. \u003c/br\u003eTo conduct a physical oceanographic survey of the region proximal to the Totten Glacier system, to determine the presence, if any, of warm ocean waters over the continental shelf.\u003c/br\u003eTo conduct a seismic survey of the continental shelf to assess the long-term evolution of the glacial system in the Aurora Subglacial Basin.\u003c/br\u003eTo collect marine sediment cores to determine the regional deglacial to Holocene climate history and the influence of warm circumpolar deep water.", "east": 146.0, "geometry": ["POINT(131.5 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Diatom; NBP1402; Totten Glacier", "locations": "Totten Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "NBP1402 science party; Leventer, Amy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000008", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "NBP1402 diatom data", "uid": "601258", "west": 117.0}, {"awards": "1341612 Bowser, Samuel", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(163.5117 -77.57623)"], "date_created": "Thu, 05 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Photographs taken from helo operating at 500 ft of the shoreline bounding Explorers Cove in late January, illustrating typical sea ice conditions, extent of shoreline moat, ephemeral snow melt input, nearshore small ponds and tide pools, Commonwealth and Wales Glacier deltas, evaporite deposits, and landslides along the northern/northeastern slopes of Mount Barnes.", "east": 163.5117, "geometry": ["POINT(163.5117 -77.57623)"], "keywords": "Aerial Imagery; Antarctica; Camera; Delta; Freshwater; Helicopter; Moat; Shoreline Survey; Small Ponds; Snow Melt; Tide Pools", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.57623, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Bowser, Samuel; Alexander, Steve", "project_titles": "Assembling and Mining the Genomes of Giant Antarctic Foraminifera", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000004", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Assembling and Mining the Genomes of Giant Antarctic Foraminifera"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.57623, "title": "Aerial survey of Explorers Cove shoreline, late January 2005", "uid": "601229", "west": 163.5117}, {"awards": "1341558 Ji, Rubao", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -45,-144 -45,-108 -45,-72 -45,-36 -45,0 -45,36 -45,72 -45,108 -45,144 -45,180 -45,180 -48.4,180 -51.8,180 -55.2,180 -58.6,180 -62,180 -65.4,180 -68.8,180 -72.2,180 -75.6,180 -79,144 -79,108 -79,72 -79,36 -79,0 -79,-36 -79,-72 -79,-108 -79,-144 -79,-180 -79,-180 -75.6,-180 -72.2,-180 -68.8,-180 -65.4,-180 -62,-180 -58.6,-180 -55.2,-180 -51.8,-180 -48.4,-180 -45))"], "date_created": "Tue, 22 Oct 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The dataset includes 1) sea ice concentrations in Antarctic coastal polynyas (1979-2015) and seasonal ice zones (1978-2019); 2) chlorophyll concentrations in Antarctic coastal polynyas (1997-2015) and seasonal ice zones (1997-2019). The sea ice dataset is a tailored product after processing a global-scale sea ice data product managed by National Snow and Ice Data Center. The chlorophyll dataset is a tailored product after processing a global-scale ocean color dataset produced by GLOBCOLOUR, the European Service for Ocean Colour ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chlorophyll; Chlorophyll Concentration; Oceans; Polynya; Sea Ice Concentration; Seasonal Ice Zone; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -45.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ji, Rubao", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Phytoplankton Phenology in the Antarctic: Drivers, Patterns, and Implications for the Adelie Penguin", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000001", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Phytoplankton Phenology in the Antarctic: Drivers, Patterns, and Implications for the Adelie Penguin"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.0, "title": "Sea ice and chlorophyll concentrations in Antarctic coastal polynyas and seasonal ice zones", "uid": "601219", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0732625 Leventer, Amy; 9714371 Leventer, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64 -63,-63.1 -63,-62.2 -63,-61.3 -63,-60.4 -63,-59.5 -63,-58.6 -63,-57.7 -63,-56.8 -63,-55.9 -63,-55 -63,-55 -63.4,-55 -63.8,-55 -64.2,-55 -64.6,-55 -65,-55 -65.4,-55 -65.8,-55 -66.2,-55 -66.6,-55 -67,-55.9 -67,-56.8 -67,-57.7 -67,-58.6 -67,-59.5 -67,-60.4 -67,-61.3 -67,-62.2 -67,-63.1 -67,-64 -67,-64 -66.6,-64 -66.2,-64 -65.8,-64 -65.4,-64 -65,-64 -64.6,-64 -64.2,-64 -63.8,-64 -63.4,-64 -63))"], "date_created": "Mon, 16 Sep 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Diatom data from eastern side of Antarctic Peninsula:\r\n\r\nThis file includes quantitative diatom data for surface samples collected on numerous cruises to the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula, including NBP0003, NBP0107, LMG0502, NBP0603, and NBP1203. Samples were collected using a variety of tools including Smith-McIntyre Grab, Kasten Core and Jumbo Kasten Core. These data were generated by Amy Leventer (aleventer@colgate.edu) and undergraduate students at Colgate University. All questions regarding the specifics of these data should be directed to Amy Leventer. \r\n\r\nQuantitative diatom slides were prepared according to the settling technique of Scherer (1995). Cover slips were adhered to the slides using Norland Optical Adhesive #61. Slides were observed under Olympus CX31, BX50 and BX60, and Zeiss Primo Star light microscopes, using a 100X oil immersion objective for a total magnification of 1000X. A minimum of 400 valves or 10 transects was counted for each slide, depending on the absolute diatom abundance. Valves were only counted if \u003e50% complete. Diatoms were identified to species level when possible (Crosta et al., 2005; Armand et al., 2005; Cefarelli et al., 2010).\r\n\r\nArmand, L.K., X. Crosta, O. Romero, J. J. Pichon (2005), The biogeography of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean sediments: 1. Sea ice related species, Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 223, 93-126. \r\n\r\nCefarelli, A.O., M. E. Ferrario, G. O. Almandoz, A. G. Atencio, R. Akselman, M. Vernet (2010), Diversity of the diatom genus Fragilariopsis in the Argentine Sea and Antarctic waters: morphology, distribution and abundance, Polar Biology, 33(2), 1463-1484. \r\n\r\nCrosta, X., O. Romero, L. K. Armand, J. Pichon (2005), The biogeography of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean sediments: 2. Open ocean related species, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 223, 66-92. \r\n\r\nScherer, R. P., A new method for the determination of absolute abundance of diatoms and other silt-sized sedimentary particles, J. Paleolimnol., 12, 171\u2013178, 1995.\r\n", "east": -55.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-59.5 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Benthos; Biota; Diatom; Geology/Geophysics - Other; LMG0502; Marine Geoscience; Marine Sediments; Microscope; NBP0003; NBP0107; NBP0603; NBP1203; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Surface Sediment", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Leventer, Amy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -67.0, "title": "Easten Antarctic Peninsula Surface Sediment Diatom Data", "uid": "601211", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "1341513 Maksym, Edward", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -68,-179 -68,-178 -68,-177 -68,-176 -68,-175 -68,-174 -68,-173 -68,-172 -68,-171 -68,-170 -68,-170 -68.8,-170 -69.6,-170 -70.4,-170 -71.2,-170 -72,-170 -72.8,-170 -73.6,-170 -74.4,-170 -75.2,-170 -76,-171 -76,-172 -76,-173 -76,-174 -76,-175 -76,-176 -76,-177 -76,-178 -76,-179 -76,180 -76,179 -76,178 -76,177 -76,176 -76,175 -76,174 -76,173 -76,172 -76,171 -76,170 -76,170 -75.2,170 -74.4,170 -73.6,170 -72.8,170 -72,170 -71.2,170 -70.4,170 -69.6,170 -68.8,170 -68,171 -68,172 -68,173 -68,174 -68,175 -68,176 -68,177 -68,178 -68,179 -68,-180 -68))"], "date_created": "Fri, 30 Aug 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Layer Cakes for the PIPERS ice stations 4, 7, 8 and 9 (05/24, 05/29, 05/31, 06/02) with snow depth (both raw and interpolated), surface lidar scan and ice draft AUV scan aligned onto a common 100m x 100m grid, binned at 0.2m resolution.", "east": -170.0, "geometry": ["POINT(180 -72)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Digital Elevation Model; Glaciology; Ice; Ice Thickness; Ice Thickness Distribution; LIDAR; NBP1704; PIPERS; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Sea Ice; Snow; Snow Depth; Surface Elevation", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -68.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Mei, M. Jeffrey; Maksym, Edward; Jeffrey Mei, M.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.0, "title": "Sea Ice Layer Cakes, PIPERS 2017", "uid": "601207", "west": 170.0}, {"awards": "1341606 Stammerjohn, Sharon", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -71.088,-179.7593 -71.088,-179.5186 -71.088,-179.2779 -71.088,-179.0372 -71.088,-178.7965 -71.088,-178.5558 -71.088,-178.3151 -71.088,-178.0744 -71.088,-177.8337 -71.088,-177.593 -71.088,-177.593 -71.5318,-177.593 -71.9756,-177.593 -72.4194,-177.593 -72.8632,-177.593 -73.307,-177.593 -73.7508,-177.593 -74.1946,-177.593 -74.6384,-177.593 -75.0822,-177.593 -75.526,-177.8337 -75.526,-178.0744 -75.526,-178.3151 -75.526,-178.5558 -75.526,-178.7965 -75.526,-179.0372 -75.526,-179.2779 -75.526,-179.5186 -75.526,-179.7593 -75.526,180 -75.526,179.1926 -75.526,178.3852 -75.526,177.5778 -75.526,176.7704 -75.526,175.963 -75.526,175.1556 -75.526,174.3482 -75.526,173.5408 -75.526,172.7334 -75.526,171.926 -75.526,171.926 -75.0822,171.926 -74.6384,171.926 -74.1946,171.926 -73.7508,171.926 -73.307,171.926 -72.8632,171.926 -72.4194,171.926 -71.9756,171.926 -71.5318,171.926 -71.088,172.7334 -71.088,173.5408 -71.088,174.3482 -71.088,175.1556 -71.088,175.963 -71.088,176.7704 -71.088,177.5778 -71.088,178.3852 -71.088,179.1926 -71.088,-180 -71.088))"], "date_created": "Wed, 10 Jul 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric boundary layer temperature, humidity, pressure, and wind profile data collected with the Small Unmanned Meteorological Observer (SUMO) unmanned aerial system (UAS) during the NBP1704 PIPERS cruise.\r\n", "east": -177.593, "geometry": ["POINT(177.1665 -73.307)"], "keywords": "Air Temperature; Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; NBP1704; PIPERS; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Southern Ocean; Temperature Profiles; UAV; Unmanned Aircraft", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -71.088, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Cassano, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -75.526, "title": "SUMO unmanned aerial system (UAS) atmospheric data", "uid": "601191", "west": 171.926}, {"awards": "1341717 Ackley, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -71,-178.3 -71,-176.6 -71,-174.9 -71,-173.2 -71,-171.5 -71,-169.8 -71,-168.1 -71,-166.4 -71,-164.7 -71,-163 -71,-163 -71.7,-163 -72.4,-163 -73.1,-163 -73.8,-163 -74.5,-163 -75.2,-163 -75.9,-163 -76.6,-163 -77.3,-163 -78,-164.7 -78,-166.4 -78,-168.1 -78,-169.8 -78,-171.5 -78,-173.2 -78,-174.9 -78,-176.6 -78,-178.3 -78,180 -78,178.4 -78,176.8 -78,175.2 -78,173.6 -78,172 -78,170.4 -78,168.8 -78,167.2 -78,165.6 -78,164 -78,164 -77.3,164 -76.6,164 -75.9,164 -75.2,164 -74.5,164 -73.8,164 -73.1,164 -72.4,164 -71.7,164 -71,165.6 -71,167.2 -71,168.8 -71,170.4 -71,172 -71,173.6 -71,175.2 -71,176.8 -71,178.4 -71,-180 -71))"], "date_created": "Tue, 02 Jul 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The PIPERS LiDAR swath data set contains LiDAR measurements taken over the Ross Sea in Antarctica.\r\nThe PIPERS project flew for two consecutive years during November with the IcePod. A total of three flights were flown.", "east": 164.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-179.5 -74.5)"], "keywords": "Aerogeophysics; Airborne Laser Altimetry; Antarctica; LIDAR; PIPERS; Ross Sea; Sea Ice", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -71.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Bell, Robin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "PIPERS airborne lidar", "uid": "601188", "west": -163.0}, {"awards": "1341725 Guest, Peter", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -62,-179.5 -62,-179 -62,-178.5 -62,-178 -62,-177.5 -62,-177 -62,-176.5 -62,-176 -62,-175.5 -62,-175 -62,-175 -63.6,-175 -65.2,-175 -66.8,-175 -68.4,-175 -70,-175 -71.6,-175 -73.2,-175 -74.8,-175 -76.4,-175 -78,-175.5 -78,-176 -78,-176.5 -78,-177 -78,-177.5 -78,-178 -78,-178.5 -78,-179 -78,-179.5 -78,180 -78,178.8 -78,177.6 -78,176.4 -78,175.2 -78,174 -78,172.8 -78,171.6 -78,170.4 -78,169.2 -78,168 -78,168 -76.4,168 -74.8,168 -73.2,168 -71.6,168 -70,168 -68.4,168 -66.8,168 -65.2,168 -63.6,168 -62,169.2 -62,170.4 -62,171.6 -62,172.8 -62,174 -62,175.2 -62,176.4 -62,177.6 -62,178.8 -62,-180 -62))"], "date_created": "Wed, 12 Jun 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This file contains rawinsonde data from 134 rawisnonde soundings performed during the 2017 PIPERS cruise for the period 14 April 2330 \u2013 5 June 1130 (UT). ", "east": -175.0, "geometry": ["POINT(176.5 -70)"], "keywords": "Air Temperature; Antarctica; Atmosphere; Atmospheric Surface Winds; Meteorology; NBP1704; PIPERS; Pressure; Radiosonde; Rawinsonde; Relative Humidity; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Wind Direction; Wind Speed", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Guest, Peter", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "PIPERS Meteorology Rawinsonde Data", "uid": "601185", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "1341725 Guest, Peter", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -62,-179.5 -62,-179 -62,-178.5 -62,-178 -62,-177.5 -62,-177 -62,-176.5 -62,-176 -62,-175.5 -62,-175 -62,-175 -63.6,-175 -65.2,-175 -66.8,-175 -68.4,-175 -70,-175 -71.6,-175 -73.2,-175 -74.8,-175 -76.4,-175 -78,-175.5 -78,-176 -78,-176.5 -78,-177 -78,-177.5 -78,-178 -78,-178.5 -78,-179 -78,-179.5 -78,180 -78,178.8 -78,177.6 -78,176.4 -78,175.2 -78,174 -78,172.8 -78,171.6 -78,170.4 -78,169.2 -78,168 -78,168 -76.4,168 -74.8,168 -73.2,168 -71.6,168 -70,168 -68.4,168 -66.8,168 -65.2,168 -63.6,168 -62,169.2 -62,170.4 -62,171.6 -62,172.8 -62,174 -62,175.2 -62,176.4 -62,177.6 -62,178.8 -62,-180 -62))"], "date_created": "Wed, 12 Jun 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This file contains times series data from the 2017 PIPERS cruise for the period 15 April 0000 \u2013 8 June 1200 (UT). The time series data represent one minute means and include data collected by the Naval Postgraduate School from the starboard side boom (including occasionally on ice surface temp sampling), radiation system on the helo deck and sometimes in situ surface temp. Also included are meteorological, navigation and surface oceanography (from intake) data from the standard ship systems. ", "east": -175.0, "geometry": ["POINT(176.5 -70)"], "keywords": "Air Temperature; Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Near-Surface Air Temperatures; PIPERS; Radiation; Sea Ice Temperatures; Temperature; Weather Station Data; Wind Direction; Wind Speed", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Guest, Peter", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "PIPERS Meteorology Time Series", "uid": "601184", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "1341717 Ackley, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -55,-177 -55,-174 -55,-171 -55,-168 -55,-165 -55,-162 -55,-159 -55,-156 -55,-153 -55,-150 -55,-150 -57.3,-150 -59.6,-150 -61.9,-150 -64.2,-150 -66.5,-150 -68.8,-150 -71.1,-150 -73.4,-150 -75.7,-150 -78,-153 -78,-156 -78,-159 -78,-162 -78,-165 -78,-168 -78,-171 -78,-174 -78,-177 -78,180 -78,178 -78,176 -78,174 -78,172 -78,170 -78,168 -78,166 -78,164 -78,162 -78,160 -78,160 -75.7,160 -73.4,160 -71.1,160 -68.8,160 -66.5,160 -64.2,160 -61.9,160 -59.6,160 -57.3,160 -55,162 -55,164 -55,166 -55,168 -55,170 -55,172 -55,174 -55,176 -55,178 -55,-180 -55))"], "date_created": "Mon, 10 Jun 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset is the csv file of hourly visual ice observations conducted in the ASPeCt protocol on the PIPERS cruise NBP1704 to the Ross Sea during April to June 5 2017. Parameters are ice concentration, thickness, snow depth, floe sizes, etc for up to three categories of ice type within a 1km radius of the ship during the observation. These are identified by date, time and latitude, longitude at the time of observations", "east": -150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-175 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Ice Concentration; Ice Thickness; Ice Type; NBP1704; Oceans; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Sea Ice; Snow Depth; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Visual Observations", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -55.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Ackley, Stephen", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Seasonal Sea Ice Production in the Ross Sea, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "ASPeCt Visual Ice Observations on PIPERS Cruise NBP1704 April-June 2017", "uid": "601183", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "1822289 Vernet, Maria", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-59.402149 -62.131908,-58.9639887 -62.131908,-58.5258284 -62.131908,-58.0876681 -62.131908,-57.6495078 -62.131908,-57.2113475 -62.131908,-56.7731872 -62.131908,-56.3350269 -62.131908,-55.8968666 -62.131908,-55.4587063 -62.131908,-55.020546 -62.131908,-55.020546 -62.384829,-55.020546 -62.63775,-55.020546 -62.890671,-55.020546 -63.143592,-55.020546 -63.396513,-55.020546 -63.649434,-55.020546 -63.902355,-55.020546 -64.155276,-55.020546 -64.408197,-55.020546 -64.661118,-55.4587063 -64.661118,-55.8968666 -64.661118,-56.3350269 -64.661118,-56.7731872 -64.661118,-57.2113475 -64.661118,-57.6495078 -64.661118,-58.0876681 -64.661118,-58.5258284 -64.661118,-58.9639887 -64.661118,-59.402149 -64.661118,-59.402149 -64.408197,-59.402149 -64.155276,-59.402149 -63.902355,-59.402149 -63.649434,-59.402149 -63.396513,-59.402149 -63.143592,-59.402149 -62.890671,-59.402149 -62.63775,-59.402149 -62.384829,-59.402149 -62.131908))"], "date_created": "Mon, 29 Apr 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine ecosystems under large ice shelves are thought to contain sparse, low-diversity plankton and seafloor communities due the low supply of food from productive sunlight waters. Past studies have shown sub-ice shelf ecosystems to change in response to altered oceanographic processes resulting from ice-shelve retreat. However, information on community changes and ecosystem structure under ice shelves are limited because sub-ice-shelf ecosystems have either been sampled many years after ice-shelf breakout, or have been sampled through small boreholes, yielding extremely limited spatial information. The recent breakout of the A-68 iceberg from the Larsen C ice shelf in the western Weddell Sea provides an opportunity to use a ship-based study to evaluate benthic communities and water column characteristics in an area recently vacated by a large overlying ice shelf. The opportunity will allow spatial assessments at the time of transition from an under ice-shelf environment to one initially exposed to conditions more typical of a coastal Antarctic marine setting. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThis RAPID project will help determine the state of a coastal Antarctic ecosystem newly exposed from ice-shelf cover and will aid in understanding of rates of community change during transition. The project will conduct a 10-day field program, allowing contrasts to be made of phytoplankton and seafloor megafaunal communities in areas recently exposed by ice-shelf loss to areas exposed for many decades. The project will be undertaken in a collaborative manner with the South Korean Antarctic Agency, KOPRI, by participating in a cruise in March/May 2018. Combining new information in the area of Larsen C with existing observations after the Larsen A and B ice shelf breakups further to the north, the project is expected to generate a dataset that can elucidate fundamental processes of planktonic and benthic community development in transition from food-poor to food-rich ecosystems. The project will provide field experience to two graduate students, a post-doctoral associate and an undergraduate student. Material from the project will be incorporated into graduate courses and the project will communicate daily work and unfolding events through social media and blogs while they explore this area of the world that is largely underexplored.", "east": -55.020546, "geometry": ["POINT(-57.2113475 -63.396513)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chlorophyll; CTD; Glacier; Iceberg; Ice Shelf; Larsen C Ice Shelf; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Phytoplankton; Sample Location; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Station List", "locations": "Larsen C Ice Shelf; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -62.131908, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Pan, B. Jack; Vernet, Maria", "project_titles": "RAPID: Collaborative Research: Marine Ecosystem Response to the Larsen C Ice-Shelf Breakout: \"Time zero\"", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010029", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RAPID: Collaborative Research: Marine Ecosystem Response to the Larsen C Ice-Shelf Breakout: \"Time zero\""}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.661118, "title": "CTD stations and logs for Araon 2018 ANA08D expedition to Larson C", "uid": "601178", "west": -59.402149}, {"awards": "1656344 Bowman, Jeff", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.1 -64.75,-64.08 -64.75,-64.06 -64.75,-64.04 -64.75,-64.02 -64.75,-64 -64.75,-63.98 -64.75,-63.96 -64.75,-63.94 -64.75,-63.92 -64.75,-63.9 -64.75,-63.9 -64.775,-63.9 -64.8,-63.9 -64.825,-63.9 -64.85,-63.9 -64.875,-63.9 -64.9,-63.9 -64.925,-63.9 -64.95,-63.9 -64.975,-63.9 -65,-63.92 -65,-63.94 -65,-63.96 -65,-63.98 -65,-64 -65,-64.02 -65,-64.04 -65,-64.06 -65,-64.08 -65,-64.1 -65,-64.1 -64.975,-64.1 -64.95,-64.1 -64.925,-64.1 -64.9,-64.1 -64.875,-64.1 -64.85,-64.1 -64.825,-64.1 -64.8,-64.1 -64.775,-64.1 -64.75))"], "date_created": "Mon, 04 Feb 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains bacterial production, primary production, chlorophyll biomass, and photosynthetic parameters for samples archived in NCBI SRA as SUB4579142.", "east": -63.9, "geometry": ["POINT(-64 -64.875)"], "keywords": "Antarctic; Antarctica; Bacteria; Bacteria Production; Biota; Chlorophyll; LTER Palmer Station; Primary Production; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctic; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.75, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Bowman, Jeff", "project_titles": "A Preliminary Assessment of the Influence of Ice Cover on Microbial Carbon and Energy Acquisition during the Antarctic Winter-spring Seasonal Transition", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010003", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "A Preliminary Assessment of the Influence of Ice Cover on Microbial Carbon and Energy Acquisition during the Antarctic Winter-spring Seasonal Transition"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Metadata accompanying BioProject SUB4579142", "uid": "601153", "west": -64.1}, {"awards": "1246463 Burns, Jennifer", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Sat, 24 Nov 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "We examined the influence of sea ice break-out on seasonal diving patterns and diet of a top predator, the Weddell seal, to understand how phytoplankton blooms impact the vertical distribution of the food web. We captured female seals during the November and December lactation period and attached a LOTEK LAT1800 time-depth recorder (TDR) flipper tag with a 6 second sampling interval. Data were processed using the Iknos toolbox in MATLAB. Benthic dives (1% of all dives) were excluded from analyses because we were interested in quantifying seasonal changes in mid-water dives. Thus, we analyzed dives from 59 Weddell seals to characterize the diving depth and foraging effort of each seal across the austral summer over four years. We characterized seasonal changes in diving depth by calculating the mean across all seals of the maximum dive depth on each day for each seal. For more information see: Beltran, R. S. Bridging the gap between pupping and molting phenology: behavioral and ecological drivers in Weddell seals PhD thesis, University of Alaska Fairbanks, (2018).", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Ross Sea; Seals; Southern Ocean; Weddell Seal", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Beltran, Roxanne; Burns, Jennifer", "project_titles": "The Cost of A New Fur Coat: Interactions between Molt and Reproduction in Weddell Seals", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000229", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The Cost of A New Fur Coat: Interactions between Molt and Reproduction in Weddell Seals"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Weddell seal summer diving behavior", "uid": "601137", "west": null}, {"awards": "1640481 Rotella, Jay; 1141326 Rotella, Jay", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162 -75,162.8 -75,163.6 -75,164.4 -75,165.2 -75,166 -75,166.8 -75,167.6 -75,168.4 -75,169.2 -75,170 -75,170 -75.38,170 -75.76,170 -76.14,170 -76.52,170 -76.9,170 -77.28,170 -77.66,170 -78.03999999999999,170 -78.42,170 -78.8,169.2 -78.8,168.4 -78.8,167.6 -78.8,166.8 -78.8,166 -78.8,165.2 -78.8,164.4 -78.8,163.6 -78.8,162.8 -78.8,162 -78.8,162 -78.42,162 -78.03999999999999,162 -77.66,162 -77.28,162 -76.9,162 -76.52,162 -76.14,162 -75.76,162 -75.38,162 -75))"], "date_created": "Tue, 02 Oct 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Access database contains information for 3 types of data on Weddell seals for the period 1969-2017. (1) Mark-recapture Data with 278,723 resighting records for 25,589 different individuals tagged in and around the McMurdo Sound area, as well as 740 records from 162 seals tagged at White Island; (2) Mass Dynamics Data contains 5,737 physical masses and 1,271 photographic records and measurements that include the date, ID number, sex, age class, weight (if successfully collected), and perspectives from which photographs were collected for each sampling occurrence; and (3) Research Procedures Data contains 1,005 records of handling and research procedures conducted on Erebus Bay Weddell seals by various research teams in recent years.", "east": 170.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -76.9)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Sea Ice", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Rotella, Jay", "project_titles": "The Demographic Consequences of Environmental Variability and Individual Heterogeneity in Life-history Tactics of a Long-lived Antarctic Marine Predator", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000299", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The Demographic Consequences of Environmental Variability and Individual Heterogeneity in Life-history Tactics of a Long-lived Antarctic Marine Predator"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.8, "title": "Demographic data for Weddell Seal colonies in Erebus Bay through the 2017 Antarctic field season", "uid": "601125", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "1341547 Stroeve, Julienne", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 31 Aug 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Sea ice variability within the marginal ice zone (MIZ) and polynyas plays an important role for phytoplankton productivity and krill abundance. Therefore, mapping their spatial extent, seasonal and interannual variability is essential for understanding how current and future changes in these biologically active regions may impact the Antarctic marine ecosystem. Knowledge of the distribution of MIZ, consolidated pack ice and coastal polynyas to the total Antarctic sea ice cover may also help to shed light on the factors contributing towards recent expansion of the Antarctic ice cover in some regions and contraction in others. The long-term passive microwave 21 satellite data record provides the longest and most consistent record for assessing the proportion of the sea ice cover that is covered by each of these ice categories. This data set provides estimates of the MIZ, consolidated pack ice and polynyas from the NASA Team and Bootstrap sea ice concentration data sets, from 1979 to 2017.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Pack Ice; Polynya; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Stroeve, Julienne", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Phytoplankton Phenology in the Antarctic: Drivers, Patterns, and Implications for the Adelie Penguin", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000001", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Phytoplankton Phenology in the Antarctic: Drivers, Patterns, and Implications for the Adelie Penguin"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Antarctic MIZ, Pack Ice and Polynya Maps from Passive Microwave Satellite Data", "uid": "601115", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1443733 Winsor, Peter", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-62.68 -64.72,-62.648 -64.72,-62.616 -64.72,-62.584 -64.72,-62.552 -64.72,-62.52 -64.72,-62.488 -64.72,-62.456 -64.72,-62.424 -64.72,-62.392 -64.72,-62.36 -64.72,-62.36 -64.74,-62.36 -64.76,-62.36 -64.78,-62.36 -64.8,-62.36 -64.82,-62.36 -64.84,-62.36 -64.86,-62.36 -64.88,-62.36 -64.9,-62.36 -64.92,-62.392 -64.92,-62.424 -64.92,-62.456 -64.92,-62.488 -64.92,-62.52 -64.92,-62.552 -64.92,-62.584 -64.92,-62.616 -64.92,-62.648 -64.92,-62.68 -64.92,-62.68 -64.9,-62.68 -64.88,-62.68 -64.86,-62.68 -64.84,-62.68 -64.82,-62.68 -64.8,-62.68 -64.78,-62.68 -64.76,-62.68 -64.74,-62.68 -64.72))"], "date_created": "Tue, 07 Aug 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes timelapse images from five cameras set up at four different locations in and just outside of Andvord Bay on the Western Antarctic Peninsula. The cameras were set up to track glacier ice motion, calving and tracking of ice bergs, and sea ice formation and melt. Two cameras (hi-res) were Canon Rebel DSLR in a timelapse system designed by Harbortronics; the remaining three cameras (lo-res) were from Campbell Scientific and were part of a weather station.", "east": -62.36, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.52 -64.82)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Iceberg; Photo; Photo/video; Photo/Video", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -64.72, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Truffer, Martin; Winsor, Peter", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Fjord Ecosystem Structure and Function on the West Antarctic Peninsula - Hotspots of Productivity and Biodiversity? (FjordEco)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010010", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Fjord Ecosystem Structure and Function on the West Antarctic Peninsula - Hotspots of Productivity and Biodiversity? (FjordEco)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "FjordEco", "south": -64.92, "title": "Andvord Bay Glacier Timelapse", "uid": "601111", "west": -62.68}, {"awards": "1043145 Obbard, Rachel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((164.1005 -77.1188,164.36443 -77.1188,164.62836 -77.1188,164.89229 -77.1188,165.15622 -77.1188,165.42015 -77.1188,165.68408 -77.1188,165.94801 -77.1188,166.21194 -77.1188,166.47587 -77.1188,166.7398 -77.1188,166.7398 -77.19337,166.7398 -77.26794,166.7398 -77.34251,166.7398 -77.41708,166.7398 -77.49165,166.7398 -77.56622,166.7398 -77.64079,166.7398 -77.71536,166.7398 -77.78993,166.7398 -77.8645,166.47587 -77.8645,166.21194 -77.8645,165.94801 -77.8645,165.68408 -77.8645,165.42015 -77.8645,165.15622 -77.8645,164.89229 -77.8645,164.62836 -77.8645,164.36443 -77.8645,164.1005 -77.8645,164.1005 -77.78993,164.1005 -77.71536,164.1005 -77.64079,164.1005 -77.56622,164.1005 -77.49165,164.1005 -77.41708,164.1005 -77.34251,164.1005 -77.26794,164.1005 -77.19337,164.1005 -77.1188))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "A range of chemical and microphysical pathways in polar latitudes, including spring time (tropospheric) ozone depletion, oxidative pathways for mercury, and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) production leading to changes in the cloud cover and attendant surface energy budgets, have been invoked as being dependent upon the emission of halogen gases formed in sea-ice.\nThe prospects for climate warming induced reductions in sea ice extent causing alteration of these incompletely known surface-atmospheric feedbacks and interactions requires confirmation of mechanistic details in both laboratory studies and field campaigns. One such mechanistic question is how bromine (BrO and Br) enriched snow migrates or is formed through processes in sea-ice, prior to its subsequent mobilization as an aerosol fraction into the atmosphere by strong winds. Once aloft, it may react with ozone and other atmospheric species. Dartmouth researchers will collect snow from the surface of sea ice, from freely blowing snow and in sea-ice cores from Cape Byrd, Ross Sea. A range of spectroscopic, microanalytic and and microstructural approaches will be subsequently used to determine the Br distribution gradients through sea-ice, in order to shed light on how sea-ice first forms and then releases bromine species into the polar atmospheric boundary layer.", "east": 166.7398, "geometry": ["POINT(165.42015 -77.49165)"], "keywords": "Atmosphere; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Critical Zone; Crystals; Glaciology; Oceans; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Snow; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.1188, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Obbard, Rachel", "project_titles": "Bromide in Snow in the Sea Ice Zone", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000414", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Bromide in Snow in the Sea Ice Zone"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8645, "title": "Bromide in Snow in the Sea Ice Zone", "uid": "600158", "west": 164.1005}, {"awards": "1043657 Cassano, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -74.5,163.9 -74.5,164.8 -74.5,165.7 -74.5,166.6 -74.5,167.5 -74.5,168.4 -74.5,169.3 -74.5,170.2 -74.5,171.1 -74.5,172 -74.5,172 -74.9,172 -75.3,172 -75.7,172 -76.1,172 -76.5,172 -76.9,172 -77.3,172 -77.7,172 -78.1,172 -78.5,171.1 -78.5,170.2 -78.5,169.3 -78.5,168.4 -78.5,167.5 -78.5,166.6 -78.5,165.7 -78.5,164.8 -78.5,163.9 -78.5,163 -78.5,163 -78.1,163 -77.7,163 -77.3,163 -76.9,163 -76.5,163 -76.1,163 -75.7,163 -75.3,163 -74.9,163 -74.5))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic coastal polynas are, at the same time, sea-ice free sites and \u0027sea-ice factories\u0027. They are open water surface locations where water mass transformation and densification occurs, and where atmospheric exchanges with the deep ocean circulation are established. Various models of the formation and persistence of these productive and diverse ocean ecosystems are hampered by the relative lack of in situ meteorological and physical oceanographic observations, especially during the inhospitable conditions of their formation and activity during the polar night.\n\nCharacterization of the lower atmosphere properties, air-sea surface heat fluxes and corresponding ocean hydrographic profiles of Antarctic polynyas, especially during strong wind events, is sought for a more detailed understanding of the role of polynyas in the production of latent-heat type sea ice and the formation, through sea ice brine rejection, of dense ocean bottom waters.\n\nA key technological innovation in this work continues to be the use of instrumented unmanned aircraft systems (UAS), to enable the persistent and safe observation of the interaction of light and strong katabatic wind fields, and mesocale cyclones in the Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Antarctica) polynya waters during late winter and early summer time frames.\n", "east": 172.0, "geometry": ["POINT(167.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Navigation; Oceans; Southern Ocean; Unmanned Aircraft", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -74.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Cassano, John; Palo, Scott", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000417", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "Ocean-Ice-Atmosphere Interactions in the Terra Nova Bay Polynya, Antarctica", "uid": "600125", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "0838937 Costa, Daniel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal\u0027s diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts.\n", "east": 169.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Costa, Daniel", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000661", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "uid": "600025", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "0839053 Ackley, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -67.05,-170.9866 -67.05,-161.9732 -67.05,-152.9598 -67.05,-143.9464 -67.05,-134.933 -67.05,-125.9196 -67.05,-116.9062 -67.05,-107.8928 -67.05,-98.8794 -67.05,-89.866 -67.05,-89.866 -68.1033,-89.866 -69.1566,-89.866 -70.2099,-89.866 -71.2632,-89.866 -72.3165,-89.866 -73.3698,-89.866 -74.4231,-89.866 -75.4764,-89.866 -76.5297,-89.866 -77.583,-98.8794 -77.583,-107.8928 -77.583,-116.9062 -77.583,-125.9196 -77.583,-134.933 -77.583,-143.9464 -77.583,-152.9598 -77.583,-161.9732 -77.583,-170.9866 -77.583,180 -77.583,178.57 -77.583,177.14 -77.583,175.71 -77.583,174.28 -77.583,172.85 -77.583,171.42 -77.583,169.99 -77.583,168.56 -77.583,167.13 -77.583,165.7 -77.583,165.7 -76.5297,165.7 -75.4764,165.7 -74.4231,165.7 -73.3698,165.7 -72.3165,165.7 -71.2632,165.7 -70.2099,165.7 -69.1566,165.7 -68.1033,165.7 -67.05,167.13 -67.05,168.56 -67.05,169.99 -67.05,171.42 -67.05,172.85 -67.05,174.28 -67.05,175.71 -67.05,177.14 -67.05,178.57 -67.05,-180 -67.05))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Several aspect of the seasonal melting and reformation cycle of Antarctic sea ice appear to be divergent from those occurring in the Arctic. This is most clearly demonstrated by the dramatic diminishing extent and thinning of the Arctic sea ice, to be contrasted to the changes in Antarctic sea-ice extent, which recently (decadaly) shows small increases. Current climate models do not resolve this discrepancy which likely results from both a lack of relevant observational sea-ice data in the Antarctic, along with inadequacies in the physical parameterization of sea-ice properties in climate models. Researchers will take advantage of the cruise track of the I/B Oden during transit through the Antarctic sea-ice zones in the region of the Bellingshausen, Amundsen and Ross (BAR) seas on a cruise to McMurdo Station. Because of its remoteness and inaccessibility, the BAR region is of considerable scientific interest as being one of the last under described and perhaps unexploited marine ecosystems left on the planet. A series of on station and underway observations of sea ice properties will be undertaken, thematically linked to broader questions of summer ice survival and baseline physical properties (e.g. estimates of heat and salt fluxes). In situ spatiotemporal variability of sea-ice cover extent, thickness and snow cover depths will be observed.\n", "east": 165.7, "geometry": ["POINT(-142.083 -72.3165)"], "keywords": "Ice Core Records; Oceans; Oden; OSO1011; Sea Ice; Sea Ice Salinity; Sea Ice Thickness; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -67.05, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Ackley, Stephen", "project_titles": "The Sea Ice System in Antarctic Summer, Oden Southern Ocean Expedition (OSO 2010-11)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000676", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The Sea Ice System in Antarctic Summer, Oden Southern Ocean Expedition (OSO 2010-11)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.583, "title": "The Sea Ice System in Antarctic Summer, Oden Southern Ocean Expedition (OSO 2010-11)", "uid": "600106", "west": -89.866}, {"awards": "0838892 Burns, Jennifer", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal\u0027s diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts.", "east": 169.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Burns, Jennifer", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000661", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "uid": "600101", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "0739783 Junge, Karen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The mechanisms enabling bacteria to be metabolically active at very low temperatures are of considerable importance to polar microbial ecology, astrobiology, climate and cryopreservation. This research program has two main objectives. The first is to investigate metabolic activities and gene expression of polar marine psychrophilic bacteria when confronted with freezing conditions at temperatures above the eutectic of seawater (\u003c54C) to unveil cold adaptation mechanisms with relevance to wintertime sea-ice ecology. The second objective is to discern if psychrophilic processes of leucine incorporation into proteins, shown to occur to -196C, amount to metabolic activity providing for the survival of cells or are merely biochemical reactions still possible in flash-frozen samples without any effect on survival. We will examine extracellular and intracellular processes of psychrophilic activity above and below the eutectic by (i) determining the temperature range of metabolic activities such as DNA synthesis, carbon utilization, respiration and ATP generation using radioactive tracer technology, including a control at liquid helium temperature (-268.9C), (ii) analyzing gene expression in ice using whole genome and microarray analyses and iii) examining the role of exopolymeric substances (EPS) and ice micro-physics for the observed activity using an in-situ microscopy technique. Results of the proposed research can be expected to aid in the determination of cellular and genetic strategies that allow cells to maintain activity at extremely low temperatures within an icy matrix and/or to resume activity again when more growth-permissive conditions are encountered. The research is an interdisciplinary collaboration involving three different institutions with participants in Oceanography, Genomics, and Geophysical Sciences. The proposed activity will support the beginning professional career of a female researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Microbiology; Oceans; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Junge, Karen", "project_titles": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000673", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice", "uid": "600083", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1043779 Mellish, Jo-Ann", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165.83333 -77.51528,165.923331 -77.51528,166.013332 -77.51528,166.103333 -77.51528,166.193334 -77.51528,166.283335 -77.51528,166.373336 -77.51528,166.463337 -77.51528,166.553338 -77.51528,166.643339 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.55153,166.73334 -77.58778,166.73334 -77.62403,166.73334 -77.66028,166.73334 -77.69653,166.73334 -77.73278,166.73334 -77.76903,166.73334 -77.80528,166.73334 -77.84153,166.73334 -77.87778,166.643339 -77.87778,166.553338 -77.87778,166.463337 -77.87778,166.373336 -77.87778,166.283335 -77.87778,166.193334 -77.87778,166.103333 -77.87778,166.013332 -77.87778,165.923331 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.84153,165.83333 -77.80528,165.83333 -77.76903,165.83333 -77.73278,165.83333 -77.69653,165.83333 -77.66028,165.83333 -77.62403,165.83333 -77.58778,165.83333 -77.55153,165.83333 -77.51528))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Despite being an essential physiological component of homeotherm life in polar regions, little is known about the energetic requirements for thermoregulation in either air or water for high- latitude seals. In a joint field and modeling study, the principal investigators will quantify these costs for the Weddell seal under both ambient air and water conditions. The field research will include innovative heat flux, digestive and locomotor cost telemetry on 40 free-ranging seals combined with assessments of animal health (morphometrics, hematology and clinical chemistry panels), quantity (ultrasound) and quality (tissue biopsy) of blubber insulation, and determination of surface skin temperature patterns (infrared thermography). Field-collected data will be combined with an established individual based computational energetics model to define cost-added thresholds in body condition for different body masses. This study will fill a major knowledge gap by providing data essential to modeling all aspects of pinniped life history, in particular for ice seals. Such parameterization of energetic cost components will be essential for the accurate modeling of responses by pinnipeds to environmental variance, including direct and indirect effects driven by climate change. The study also will provide extensive opportunities in polar field work, animal telemetry, biochemical analyses and computational modeling for up to three undergraduate students and one post-doctoral researcher. Integrated education and outreach efforts will educate the public (K-12 through adult) on the importance of quantifying energetic costs of thermoregulation for marine mammals and the need to understand responses of species to environmental variance. This effort will include a custom-built, interactive hands-on mobile exhibit, and development of content for an Ocean Today kiosk.\n", "east": 166.73334, "geometry": ["POINT(166.283335 -77.69653)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Seals; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Sea Surface; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.51528, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Mellish, Jo-Ann", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000343", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.87778, "title": "Thermoregulation in Free-Living Antarctic Seals: The Missing Link in Effective Ecological Modeling", "uid": "600130", "west": 165.83333}, {"awards": "0636724 Blankenship, Donald", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-125 -73,-121.5 -73,-118 -73,-114.5 -73,-111 -73,-107.5 -73,-104 -73,-100.5 -73,-97 -73,-93.5 -73,-90 -73,-90 -74,-90 -75,-90 -76,-90 -77,-90 -78,-90 -79,-90 -80,-90 -81,-90 -82,-90 -83,-93.5 -83,-97 -83,-100.5 -83,-104 -83,-107.5 -83,-111 -83,-114.5 -83,-118 -83,-121.5 -83,-125 -83,-125 -82,-125 -81,-125 -80,-125 -79,-125 -78,-125 -77,-125 -76,-125 -75,-125 -74,-125 -73))"], "date_created": "Thu, 03 May 2012 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains line-based radar-derived ice thickness and bed elevation data, collected as part of the Airborne Geophysical Survey of the Amundsen Embayment (AGASEA) expedition, which took place over Thwaites Glacier in West Antarctica from 2004 to 2005. The data set includes ice thickness, ice sheet bed elevation, and ice sheet surface elevation, derived from ice-penetrating radar and aircraft GPS positions. The data are spaced on a 15 km by 15 km grid over the entire catchment of the glacier, and sampled at approximately 15 meters along track. Most of the radar data used for this dataset has been processed using a 1-D focusing algorithm, to reduce the along track resolution to tens of meters, to improve boundary conditions for ice sheet models. \n\nData are available via FTP in space-delimited ASCII format.", "east": -90.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-107.5 -78)"], "keywords": "AGASEA; Airborne Radar; Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Elevation; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Thickness", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica", "north": -73.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Blankenship, Donald D.; Young, Duncan A.; Holt, John W.; Kempf, Scott D.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Synthesis of Thwaites Glacier Dynamics: Diagnostic and Prognostic Sensitivity Studies of a West Antarctic Outlet System", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000174", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Synthesis of Thwaites Glacier Dynamics: Diagnostic and Prognostic Sensitivity Studies of a West Antarctic Outlet System"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -83.0, "title": "AGASEA Ice Thickness Profile Data from the Amundsen Sea Embayment, Antarctica", "uid": "609517", "west": -125.0}, {"awards": "0739464 Cassano, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((160 -74.5,161.5 -74.5,163 -74.5,164.5 -74.5,166 -74.5,167.5 -74.5,169 -74.5,170.5 -74.5,172 -74.5,173.5 -74.5,175 -74.5,175 -74.9,175 -75.3,175 -75.7,175 -76.1,175 -76.5,175 -76.9,175 -77.3,175 -77.7,175 -78.1,175 -78.5,173.5 -78.5,172 -78.5,170.5 -78.5,169 -78.5,167.5 -78.5,166 -78.5,164.5 -78.5,163 -78.5,161.5 -78.5,160 -78.5,160 -78.1,160 -77.7,160 -77.3,160 -76.9,160 -76.5,160 -76.1,160 -75.7,160 -75.3,160 -74.9,160 -74.5))"], "date_created": "Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic polynyas are the ice free zones often persisting in continental sea ice. Characterization of the lower atmosphere properties, air-sea surface heat fluxes and corresponding ocean depth profiles of Antarctic polynyas, especially during strong wind events, is needed for a more detailed understanding of the role of polynya in the production of latent-heat type sea ice and the formation, through brine rejection, of dense ocean bottom waters. Broader impacts: A key technological innovation, the use of instrumented uninhabited aircraft systems (UAS), will be employed to enable the persistent and safe observation of the interaction of light and strong katabatic wind fields with the Terra Nova Bay (Victoria Land, Antarctica) polynya waters during late winter and early summer time frames. The use of UAS observational platforms on the continent to date has to date been modest, but demonstration of their versatility and effectiveness in surveying and observing mode is a welcome development. The projects use of UAS platforms by University of Colorado and LDEO (Columbia) researchers is both high risk, and potentially transformative for the systematic data measurement tasks that many Antarctic science applications increasingly require.", "east": 175.0, "geometry": ["POINT(167.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Navigation; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Terra Nova Bay; UAV", "locations": "Ross Sea; Terra Nova Bay; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -74.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Cassano, John; Maslanik, Jim", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice Interaction in a Coastal Polynya", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000678", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice Interaction in a Coastal Polynya"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "Atmosphere-Ocean-Ice Interaction in a Coastal Polynya", "uid": "600075", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "0440847 Raymond, Charles", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-115.457 -78.7489,-114.8241 -78.7489,-114.1912 -78.7489,-113.5583 -78.7489,-112.9254 -78.7489,-112.2925 -78.7489,-111.6596 -78.7489,-111.0267 -78.7489,-110.3938 -78.7489,-109.7609 -78.7489,-109.128 -78.7489,-109.128 -78.83802,-109.128 -78.92714,-109.128 -79.01626,-109.128 -79.10538,-109.128 -79.1945,-109.128 -79.28362,-109.128 -79.37274,-109.128 -79.46186,-109.128 -79.55098,-109.128 -79.6401,-109.7609 -79.6401,-110.3938 -79.6401,-111.0267 -79.6401,-111.6596 -79.6401,-112.2925 -79.6401,-112.9254 -79.6401,-113.5583 -79.6401,-114.1912 -79.6401,-114.8241 -79.6401,-115.457 -79.6401,-115.457 -79.55098,-115.457 -79.46186,-115.457 -79.37274,-115.457 -79.28362,-115.457 -79.1945,-115.457 -79.10538,-115.457 -79.01626,-115.457 -78.92714,-115.457 -78.83802,-115.457 -78.7489))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Sep 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes ice flow velocities and strain configurations, from GPS measurements on the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide. Ninety markers installed in the firn were measured during two consecutive field seasons running from 2005-2006 and 2006-2007. The markers were located in 150 by 60 km area, with smaller clusters of five markers located within about 10 km of each other. Consecutive GPS measurements were used to derive velocity for each marker. Strain configurations were estimated by differentiating a linear fit of the data at each marker cluster. \n\nData are available via FTP as ASCII text (.txt ) files in comma separated value format.", "east": -109.128, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.2925 -79.1945)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPS; Ice Flow Velocity; Ross-Amundsen Divide; Strain", "locations": "Ross-Amundsen Divide; Antarctica", "north": -78.7489, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Matsuoka, Kenichi; Power, Donovan; Rasmussen, Al", "project_titles": "Detection of Crystal Orientation Fabrics near the Ross/Amundsen Sea Ice-flow Divide and at the Siple Dome Ice Core Site using Polarimetric Radar Methods", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000024", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Detection of Crystal Orientation Fabrics near the Ross/Amundsen Sea Ice-flow Divide and at the Siple Dome Ice Core Site using Polarimetric Radar Methods"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.6401, "title": "GPS-Measured Ice Velocities and Strain Data from the Ross and Amundsen Sea Ice Flow Divide, West Antarctica", "uid": "609503", "west": -115.457}, {"awards": "0440847 Raymond, Charles", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-115.457 -78.7489,-114.8241 -78.7489,-114.1912 -78.7489,-113.5583 -78.7489,-112.9254 -78.7489,-112.2925 -78.7489,-111.6596 -78.7489,-111.0267 -78.7489,-110.3938 -78.7489,-109.7609 -78.7489,-109.128 -78.7489,-109.128 -78.83802,-109.128 -78.92714,-109.128 -79.01626,-109.128 -79.10538,-109.128 -79.1945,-109.128 -79.28362,-109.128 -79.37274,-109.128 -79.46186,-109.128 -79.55098,-109.128 -79.6401,-109.7609 -79.6401,-110.3938 -79.6401,-111.0267 -79.6401,-111.6596 -79.6401,-112.2925 -79.6401,-112.9254 -79.6401,-113.5583 -79.6401,-114.1912 -79.6401,-114.8241 -79.6401,-115.457 -79.6401,-115.457 -79.55098,-115.457 -79.46186,-115.457 -79.37274,-115.457 -79.28362,-115.457 -79.1945,-115.457 -79.10538,-115.457 -79.01626,-115.457 -78.92714,-115.457 -78.83802,-115.457 -78.7489))"], "date_created": "Tue, 30 Aug 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains ground-based, co-polarized radar data collected using pulse-modulated 60 MHz and 179 MHz radar at 19 sites around a deep ice coring site near the Ross and Amundsen flow divide of West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS Divide). At each site, the radar data were collected at 12 orientations of the radar polarization plane for three radar pulse widths: 250 nsec, 500 nsec, and 1000 nsec. Useful signals were received from depths roughly between 200 m and 2000 m. Ice flow velocities and strain configurations were measured at most of these radar survey sites, and these ice motion data are also provided at NSIDC (GPS-Measured Ice Velocities and Strain Data from the Ross and Amundsen Sea Ice Flow Divide, West Antarctica).\n\nData are available via FTP in MATLAB (.mat) format.", "east": -109.128, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.2925 -79.1945)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPR; Radar; Ross-Amundsen Divide", "locations": "Ross-Amundsen Divide; Antarctica", "north": -78.7489, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Matsuoka, Kenichi; Power, Donovan; Fujita, Shuji; Raymond, Charles", "project_titles": "Detection of Crystal Orientation Fabrics near the Ross/Amundsen Sea Ice-flow Divide and at the Siple Dome Ice Core Site using Polarimetric Radar Methods", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000024", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Detection of Crystal Orientation Fabrics near the Ross/Amundsen Sea Ice-flow Divide and at the Siple Dome Ice Core Site using Polarimetric Radar Methods"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.6401, "title": "Polarimetric Radar Data from the Ross and Amundsen Sea Ice Flow Divide, West Antarctica", "uid": "609496", "west": -115.457}, {"awards": "0540915 Scambos, Ted", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-60 -47,-55.5 -47,-51 -47,-46.5 -47,-42 -47,-37.5 -47,-33 -47,-28.5 -47,-24 -47,-19.5 -47,-15 -47,-15 -50.3,-15 -53.6,-15 -56.9,-15 -60.2,-15 -63.5,-15 -66.8,-15 -70.1,-15 -73.4,-15 -76.7,-15 -80,-19.5 -80,-24 -80,-28.5 -80,-33 -80,-37.5 -80,-42 -80,-46.5 -80,-51 -80,-55.5 -80,-60 -80,-60 -76.7,-60 -73.4,-60 -70.1,-60 -66.8,-60 -63.5,-60 -60.2,-60 -56.9,-60 -53.6,-60 -50.3,-60 -47))"], "date_created": "Mon, 31 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes a variety of station data from two Antarctic icebergs. In 2006, researchers installed specialized weather stations called Automated Meteorological Ice Geophysical Observing Stations (AMIGOS) on two icebergs, A22A and UK211 (nicknamed Amigosberg), near Marambio Station in Antarctica.The AMIGOS stations were outfitted with Global Positioning System (GPS) sensors, cameras, and an electronic thermometer. They collected data from their installation in March 2006 until the icebergs crumbled into the ocean, in 2006 (Amigosberg) and 2007 (A22A). Available data include GPS, temperature and ablation measurements, and photographs of the station base and of flag lines extending out to the edges of the icebergs. Snow pit data from iceberg A22A is also included.\n\nThis data set was collected as part of a National Science Foundation Office of Polar Programs Special Grant for Exploratory Research, to explore the possibility of using drfting icebergs to investigate ice shelf evolution caused by climate change. The expedition, nicknamed IceTrek, was conducted jointly with Argentine scientists. The data are available via FTP in ASCII text (.txt) and Joint Photographic Experts Group (.jpg) formats.", "east": -15.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-37.5 -63.5)"], "keywords": "Ablation; Atmosphere; Glaciology; GPS; Meteorology; Oceans; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -47.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Scambos, Ted; Bohlander, Jennifer; Bauer, Rob; Yermolin, Yevgeny; Thom, Jonathan", "project_titles": "Investigating Iceberg Evolution During Drift and Break-Up: A Proxy for Climate-Related Changes in Antarctic Ice Shelves", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000003", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Investigating Iceberg Evolution During Drift and Break-Up: A Proxy for Climate-Related Changes in Antarctic Ice Shelves"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "Climate, Drift, and Image Data from Antarctic Icebergs A22A and UK211, 2006-2007", "uid": "609466", "west": -60.0}, {"awards": "0739780 Taylor, Kendrick", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.117 -79.666)"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to develop a 2,000-year high-temporal resolution record of biomass burning from the analysis of black carbon in the WAIS Divide bedrock ice core. Pilot data for the WAIS WD05A core demonstrates that we now have the ability to reconstruct this record with minimal impact on the amount of ice available for other projects. The intellectual merit of this project is that black carbon (BC) aerosols result solely from combustion and play a critical but poorly quantified role in global climate forcing and the carbon cycle. When incorporated into snow and ice, BC increases absorption of solar radiation making seasonal snow packs, mountain glaciers, polar ice sheets, and sea ice much more vulnerable to climate warming. BC emissions in the Southern Hemisphere are dominated by biomass burning in the tropical regions of Southern Africa, South America and South Asia. Biomass burning, which results from both climate and human activities, alters the atmospheric composition of greenhouse gases, aerosols and perturbs key biogeochemical cycles. A long-term record of biomass burning is needed to aid in the interpretation of ice core gas composition and will provide important information regarding human impacts on the environment and climate before instrumental records.", "east": -112.117, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.117 -79.666)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Black Carbon; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.666, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Taylor, Kendrick C.", "project_titles": "WAIS DIVIDE - High Temporal Resolution Black Carbon Record of Southern Hemisphere Biomass Burning", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000022", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "WAIS DIVIDE - High Temporal Resolution Black Carbon Record of Southern Hemisphere Biomass Burning"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.666, "title": "WAIS DIVIDE - High Temporal Resolution Black Carbon Record of Southern Hemisphere Biomass Burning", "uid": "600142", "west": -112.117}, {"awards": "0528728 Vernet, Maria", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-69.08 -64.8,-68.632 -64.8,-68.184 -64.8,-67.736 -64.8,-67.288 -64.8,-66.84 -64.8,-66.392 -64.8,-65.944 -64.8,-65.496 -64.8,-65.048 -64.8,-64.6 -64.8,-64.6 -65.121,-64.6 -65.442,-64.6 -65.763,-64.6 -66.084,-64.6 -66.405,-64.6 -66.726,-64.6 -67.047,-64.6 -67.368,-64.6 -67.689,-64.6 -68.01,-65.048 -68.01,-65.496 -68.01,-65.944 -68.01,-66.392 -68.01,-66.84 -68.01,-67.288 -68.01,-67.736 -68.01,-68.184 -68.01,-68.632 -68.01,-69.08 -68.01,-69.08 -67.689,-69.08 -67.368,-69.08 -67.047,-69.08 -66.726,-69.08 -66.405,-69.08 -66.084,-69.08 -65.763,-69.08 -65.442,-69.08 -65.121,-69.08 -64.8))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This collaborative study between the Desert Research Institute, the University of California, Santa Barbara (0529087; Robin Ross), and the University of California, San Diego (0528728; Maria Vernet) will examine the relationship between sea ice extent along the Antarctic Peninsula and the life history of krill (Euphausia superba), by developing, refining, and linking diagnostic datasets and models of phytoplankton decreases in the fall, phytoplankton biomass incorporation into sea ice, sea ice growth dynamics, sea ice algal production and biomass accumulation, and larval krill energetics, condition, and survival. Krill is a key species in the food web of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, and one that is intricately involved with seasonal sea ice dynamics. Results from the Southern Ocean experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program (SO-Globec) field work as well as historical information on sea ice dynamics and krill recruitment suggest a shift in the paradigm that all pack ice is equally good krill habitat. SO-Globec is a multidisciplinary effort focused on understanding the physical and biological factors that influence growth, reproduction, recruitment and survival of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The program uses a multi-trophic level approach that includes the predators and competitors of Antarctic krill, represented by other zooplankton, fish, penguins, seals, and cetaceans. This collaborative project is concerned with the synthesis and modeling of lower trophic levels.", "east": -64.6, "geometry": ["POINT(-66.84 -66.405)"], "keywords": "Bellingshausen Sea; Biota; Oceans; Phytoplankton; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Bellingshausen Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -64.8, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Vernet, Maria", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000522", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.01, "title": "The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "uid": "600048", "west": -69.08}, {"awards": "0529087 Ross, Robin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-71 -61,-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-61 -61.9,-61 -62.8,-61 -63.7,-61 -64.6,-61 -65.5,-61 -66.4,-61 -67.3,-61 -68.2,-61 -69.1,-61 -70,-62 -70,-63 -70,-64 -70,-65 -70,-66 -70,-67 -70,-68 -70,-69 -70,-70 -70,-71 -70,-71 -69.1,-71 -68.2,-71 -67.3,-71 -66.4,-71 -65.5,-71 -64.6,-71 -63.7,-71 -62.8,-71 -61.9,-71 -61))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This collaborative study between the Desert Research Institute, the University of California, Santa Barbara (0529087; Robin Ross), and the University of California, San Diego (0528728; Maria Vernet) will examine the relationship between sea ice extent along the Antarctic Peninsula and the life history of krill (Euphausia superba), by developing, refining, and linking diagnostic datasets and models of phytoplankton decreases in the fall, phytoplankton biomass incorporation into sea ice, sea ice growth dynamics, sea ice algal production and biomass accumulation, and larval krill energetics, condition, and survival. Krill is a key species in the food web of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, and one that is intricately involved with seasonal sea ice dynamics. Results from the Southern Ocean experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program (SO-Globec) field work as well as historical information on sea ice dynamics and krill recruitment suggest a shift in the paradigm that all pack ice is equally good krill habitat. SO-Globec is a multidisciplinary effort focused on understanding the physical and biological factors that influence growth, reproduction, recruitment and survival of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The program uses a multi-trophic level approach that includes the predators and competitors of Antarctic krill, represented by other zooplankton, fish, penguins, seals, and cetaceans. This collaborative project is concerned with the synthesis and modeling of lower trophic levels.", "east": -61.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-66 -65.5)"], "keywords": "Bellingshausen Sea; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Bellingshausen Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Quetin, Langdon B.; Ross, Robin Macurda", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000522", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "uid": "600049", "west": -71.0}, {"awards": "0529666 Fritsen, Christian", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -39.23,-144 -39.23,-108 -39.23,-72 -39.23,-36 -39.23,0 -39.23,36 -39.23,72 -39.23,108 -39.23,144 -39.23,180 -39.23,180 -44.307,180 -49.384,180 -54.461,180 -59.538,180 -64.615,180 -69.692,180 -74.769,180 -79.846,180 -84.923,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -84.923,-180 -79.846,-180 -74.769,-180 -69.692,-180 -64.615,-180 -59.538,-180 -54.461,-180 -49.384,-180 -44.307,-180 -39.23))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This collaborative study between the Desert Research Institute, the University of California, Santa Barbara (0529087; Robin Ross), and the University of California, San Diego (0528728; Maria Vernet) will examine the relationship between sea ice extent along the Antarctic Peninsula and the life history of krill (Euphausia superba), by developing, refining, and linking diagnostic datasets and models of phytoplankton decreases in the fall, phytoplankton biomass incorporation into sea ice, sea ice growth dynamics, sea ice algal production and biomass accumulation, and larval krill energetics, condition, and survival. Krill is a key species in the food web of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, and one that is intricately involved with seasonal sea ice dynamics. Results from the Southern Ocean experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program (SO-Globec) field work as well as historical information on sea ice dynamics and krill recruitment suggest a shift in the paradigm that all pack ice is equally good krill habitat. SO-Globec is a multidisciplinary effort focused on understanding the physical and biological factors that influence growth, reproduction, recruitment and survival of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The program uses a multi-trophic level approach that includes the predators and competitors of Antarctic krill, represented by other zooplankton, fish, penguins, seals, and cetaceans. It is currently in a synthesis and modeling phase. This collaborative project is concerned with the lower trophic levels, and will be integrated with other synthesis and modeling studies that deal with grazers, predators, and other higher trophic levels.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Bellingshausen Sea; Cryosphere; Oceans; Photosynthetically Active Radiation (par); Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Total Integrated Exposure To PAR", "locations": "Bellingshausen Sea; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -39.23, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Fritsen, Christian", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000522", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "uid": "600050", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0636319 Shaw, Timothy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-51.9201 -57.5061,-50.99447 -57.5061,-50.06884 -57.5061,-49.14321 -57.5061,-48.21758 -57.5061,-47.29195 -57.5061,-46.36632 -57.5061,-45.44069 -57.5061,-44.51506 -57.5061,-43.58943 -57.5061,-42.6638 -57.5061,-42.6638 -58.03449,-42.6638 -58.56288,-42.6638 -59.09127,-42.6638 -59.61966,-42.6638 -60.14805,-42.6638 -60.67644,-42.6638 -61.20483,-42.6638 -61.73322,-42.6638 -62.26161,-42.6638 -62.79,-43.58943 -62.79,-44.51506 -62.79,-45.44069 -62.79,-46.36632 -62.79,-47.29195 -62.79,-48.21758 -62.79,-49.14321 -62.79,-50.06884 -62.79,-50.99447 -62.79,-51.9201 -62.79,-51.9201 -62.26161,-51.9201 -61.73322,-51.9201 -61.20483,-51.9201 -60.67644,-51.9201 -60.14805,-51.9201 -59.61966,-51.9201 -59.09127,-51.9201 -58.56288,-51.9201 -58.03449,-51.9201 -57.5061))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions:1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.", "east": -42.6638, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.29195 -60.14805)"], "keywords": "Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Oceans; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -57.5061, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Shaw, Tim; Twining, Benjamin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000511", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -62.79, "title": "Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600064", "west": -51.9201}, {"awards": "0836061 Dennett, Mark", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-170 -69,-163 -69,-156 -69,-149 -69,-142 -69,-135 -69,-128 -69,-121 -69,-114 -69,-107 -69,-100 -69,-100 -70,-100 -71,-100 -72,-100 -73,-100 -74,-100 -75,-100 -76,-100 -77,-100 -78,-100 -79,-107 -79,-114 -79,-121 -79,-128 -79,-135 -79,-142 -79,-149 -79,-156 -79,-163 -79,-170 -79,-170 -78,-170 -77,-170 -76,-170 -75,-170 -74,-170 -73,-170 -72,-170 -71,-170 -70,-170 -69))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Convincing evidence now confirms that polar regions are changing rapidly in response to human activities. Changes in sea ice extent and thickness will have profound implications for productivity, food webs and carbon fluxes at high latitudes, since sea ice biota are a significant source of biogenic matter for the ecosystem. While sea ice is often thought to be a barrier to gas exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, it more likely functions as a source or sink for climate-active gases such as carbon dioxide and ozone-depleting organohalogens, due in part to activities of microbes embedded in the sea ice matrix. This project brings together experienced US and Swedish investigators to examine the controls by sea-ice biota on the production and degradation of key climate-active gases in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. We hypothesize that 1) the physical properties of the sea-ice environment will determine the community structure and activities of the sea ice biota; 2) the productivity, biomass, physiological state and species composition of ice algae will determine the production of specific classes of organic carbon, including organohalogens; 3) heterotrophic co-metabolism within the ice will break down these compounds to some extent, depending on the microbial community structure and productivity, and 4) the sea ice to atmosphere fluxes of CO2 and organohalogens will be inversely related. This project will build close scientific collaborations between US and Swedish researchers and also train young scientists, including members of underrepresented groups. Dissemination of results will include the scientific literature, and public outreach venues including interactions with a PolarTrec teacher.", "east": -100.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-135 -74)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Oden; Oden2008; Plankton; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -69.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Dennett, Mark", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Controls on climate-active gases by Amundsen Sea ice biota", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000137", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Controls on climate-active gases by Amundsen Sea ice biota"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.0, "title": "Controls on Climate-Active Gases by Amundsen Sea Ice Biota", "uid": "600091", "west": -170.0}, {"awards": "0338151 Raymond, Charles", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.09 -79.47)"], "date_created": "Tue, 15 Jun 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains the results of a model study of spatial variations of ice temperature and subglacial conditions using available ice-penetrating radar data around a future deep ice coring site near the Ross and Amundsen flow divide of West Antarctic Ice Sheet. The model data are based on radar data collected by the Support Office of Aerogeophysical Research (SOAR) at the University of Texas, and the University of Washington, in 2000. The data include values for attenuation estimates for individual radar profiles.\n\nData are available via FTP in MATLAB (.mat) and Portable Document (.pdf) formats.", "east": -112.09, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.09 -79.47)"], "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Radar; WAIS Divide", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.47, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Raymond, Charles; Matsuoka, Kenichi", "project_titles": "Glaciological Characteristics of the Ross/Amundsen Sea Ice-flow Divide Deduced by a New Analysis of Ice-penetrating Radar Data", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000017", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Glaciological Characteristics of the Ross/Amundsen Sea Ice-flow Divide Deduced by a New Analysis of Ice-penetrating Radar Data"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.47, "title": "Englacial Layers and Attenuation Rates across the Ross and Amundsen Sea Ice-Flow Divide (WAIS Divide), West Antarctica", "uid": "609470", "west": -112.09}, {"awards": "0636543 Murray, Alison", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-51.98403 -57.58068,-51.042765 -57.58068,-50.1015 -57.58068,-49.160235 -57.58068,-48.21897 -57.58068,-47.277705 -57.58068,-46.33644 -57.58068,-45.395175 -57.58068,-44.45391 -57.58068,-43.512645 -57.58068,-42.57138 -57.58068,-42.57138 -58.10845,-42.57138 -58.63622,-42.57138 -59.16399,-42.57138 -59.69176,-42.57138 -60.21953,-42.57138 -60.7473,-42.57138 -61.27507,-42.57138 -61.80284,-42.57138 -62.33061,-42.57138 -62.85838,-43.512645 -62.85838,-44.45391 -62.85838,-45.395175 -62.85838,-46.33644 -62.85838,-47.277705 -62.85838,-48.21897 -62.85838,-49.160235 -62.85838,-50.1015 -62.85838,-51.042765 -62.85838,-51.98403 -62.85838,-51.98403 -62.33061,-51.98403 -61.80284,-51.98403 -61.27507,-51.98403 -60.7473,-51.98403 -60.21953,-51.98403 -59.69176,-51.98403 -59.16399,-51.98403 -58.63622,-51.98403 -58.10845,-51.98403 -57.58068))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.", "east": -42.57138, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.277705 -60.21953)"], "keywords": "Biota; Geochemistry; NBP0902; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -57.58068, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Murray, Alison", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000511", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -62.85838, "title": "Free-Drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600065", "west": -51.98403}, {"awards": "0439906 Koch, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162 -72,162.6 -72,163.2 -72,163.8 -72,164.4 -72,165 -72,165.6 -72,166.2 -72,166.8 -72,167.4 -72,168 -72,168 -72.6,168 -73.2,168 -73.8,168 -74.4,168 -75,168 -75.6,168 -76.2,168 -76.8,168 -77.4,168 -78,167.4 -78,166.8 -78,166.2 -78,165.6 -78,165 -78,164.4 -78,163.8 -78,163.2 -78,162.6 -78,162 -78,162 -77.4,162 -76.8,162 -76.2,162 -75.6,162 -75,162 -74.4,162 -73.8,162 -73.2,162 -72.6,162 -72))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "During previous NSF-sponsored research, the PI\u0027s discovered that southern elephant seal colonies once existed along the Victoria Land coast (VLC) of Antarctica, a region where they are no longer observed. Molted seal skin and hair occur along 300 km of coastline, more than 1000 km from any extant colony. The last record of a seal at a former colony site is at ~A.D. 1600. Because abandonment occurred prior to subantarctic sealing, disappearance of the VLC colony probably was due to environmental factors, possibly cooling and encroachment of land-fast, perennial sea ice that made access to haul-out sites difficult. The record of seal inhabitation along the VLC, therefore, has potential as a proxy for climate change. Elephant seals are a predominantly subantarctic species with circumpolar distribution. Genetic studies have revealed significant differentiation among populations, particularly with regard to that at Macquarie I., which is the extant population nearest to the abandoned VLC colony. Not only is the Macquarie population unique genetically, but it is has undergone unexplained decline of 2%/yr over the last 50 years3. In a pilot study, genetic analyses showed a close relationship between the VLC seals and those at Macquarie I. An understanding of the relationship between the two populations, as well as of the environmental pressures that led to the demise of the VLC colonies, will provide a better understanding of present-day population genetic structure, the effect of environmental change on seal populations, and possibly the reasons underlying the modern decline at Macquarie Island. This project addresses several key research problems: (1) Why did elephant seals colonize and then abandon the VLC? (2) What does the elephant seal record reveal about Holocene climate change and sea-ice conditions? (3) What were the foraging strategies of the seals and did these strategies change over time as climate varied? (4) How does the genetic structure of the VLC seals relate to extant populations? (5) How did genetic diversity change over time and with colony decline? (6) Using ancient samples to estimate mtDNA mutation rates, what can be learned about VLC population dynamics over time? (7) What was the ecological relationship between elephant seals and Adelie penguins that occupied the same sites, but apparently at different times? The proposed work includes the professional training of young researchers and incorporation of data into graduate and undergraduate courses.\n\nBecause of extreme isolation of the Antarctic continent since the \nEarly Oligocene, one expects a unique invertebrate benthic fauna with \na high degree of endemism. Yet some invertebrate taxa that constitute \nimportant ecological components of sedimentary benthic communities \ninclude more than 40 percent non-endemic species (e.g., benthic \npolychaetes). To account for non-endemic species, intermittent genetic \nexchange must occur between Antarctic and other (e.g. South American) \npopulations. The most likely mechanism for such gene flow, at least \nfor in-faunal and mobile macrobenthos, is dispersal of planktonic \nlarvae across the sub- Antarctic and Antarctic polar fronts. To test \nfor larval dispersal as a mechanism of maintaining genetic continuity \nacross polar fronts, the scientists propose to (1) take plankton \nsamples along transects across Drake passage during both the austral \nsummer and winter seasons while concurrently collecting the \nappropriate hydrographic data. Such data will help elucidate the \nhydrographic mechanisms that allow dispersal across Drake Passage. \nUsing a molecular phylogenetic approach, they will (2) compare \nseemingly identical adult forms from Antarctic and South America \ncontinents to identify genetic breaks, historical gene flow, and \ncontrol for the presence of cryptic species. (3) Similar molecular \ntools will be used to relate planktonic larvae to their adult forms. \nThrough this procedure, they propose to link the larval forms \nrespectively to their Antarctic or South America origins. The proposed \nwork builds on previous research that provides the basis for this \neffort to develop a synthetic understanding of historical gene flow \nand present day dispersal mechanism in South American/Drake Passage/ \nAntarctic Peninsular region. Furthermore, this work represents one of \nthe first attempts to examine recent gene flow in Antarctic benthic \ninvertebrates. Graduate students and a postdoctoral fellow will be \ntrained during this research\n", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165 -75)"], "keywords": "Biota; Isotope; Penguin; Ross Sea; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -72.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Koch, Paul", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Abandoned Elephant Seal Colonies in Antarctica: Integration of Genetic, Isotopic, and Geologic Approaches toward Understanding Holocene Environmental Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000533", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Abandoned Elephant Seal Colonies in Antarctica: Integration of Genetic, Isotopic, and Geologic Approaches toward Understanding Holocene Environmental Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Abandoned Elephant Seal Colonies in Antarctica: Integration of Genetic, Isotopic, and Geologic Approaches toward Understanding Holocene Environmental Change", "uid": "600041", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "0836112 Smith, Walker", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-170 -69,-163 -69,-156 -69,-149 -69,-142 -69,-135 -69,-128 -69,-121 -69,-114 -69,-107 -69,-100 -69,-100 -70,-100 -71,-100 -72,-100 -73,-100 -74,-100 -75,-100 -76,-100 -77,-100 -78,-100 -79,-107 -79,-114 -79,-121 -79,-128 -79,-135 -79,-142 -79,-149 -79,-156 -79,-163 -79,-170 -79,-170 -78,-170 -77,-170 -76,-170 -75,-170 -74,-170 -73,-170 -72,-170 -71,-170 -70,-170 -69))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Convincing evidence now confirms that polar regions are changing rapidly in response to human activities. Changes in sea ice extent and thickness will have profound implications for productivity, food webs and carbon fluxes at high latitudes, since sea ice biota are a significant source of biogenic matter for the ecosystem. While sea ice is often thought to be a barrier to gas exchange between the ocean and the atmosphere, it more likely functions as a source or sink for climate-active gases such as carbon dioxide and ozone-depleting organohalogens, due in part to activities of microbes embedded in the sea ice matrix. This project brings together experienced US and Swedish investigators to examine the controls by sea-ice biota on the production and degradation of key climate-active gases in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean. We hypothesize that 1) the physical properties of the sea-ice environment will determine the community structure and activities of the sea ice biota; 2) the productivity, biomass, physiological state and species composition of ice algae will determine the production of specific classes of organic carbon, including organohalogens; 3) heterotrophic co-metabolism within the ice will break down these compounds to some extent, depending on the microbial community structure and productivity, and 4) the sea ice to atmosphere fluxes of CO2 and organohalogens will be inversely related. This project will build close scientific collaborations between US and Swedish researchers and also train young scientists, including members of underrepresented groups. Dissemination of results will include the scientific literature, and public outreach venues including interactions with a PolarTrec teacher.\n", "east": -100.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-135 -74)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; CTD Data; Oceans; Oden; Oden2008; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Sea Surface; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -69.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Smith, Walker", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Controls on climate-active gases by Amundsen Sea ice biota", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000137", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Controls on climate-active gases by Amundsen Sea ice biota"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.0, "title": "Controls on Climate-Active Gases by Amundsen Sea Ice Biota", "uid": "600092", "west": -170.0}, {"awards": "9024544 Andreas, Edgar", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-53.8 -61.2,-52.74 -61.2,-51.68 -61.2,-50.62 -61.2,-49.56 -61.2,-48.5 -61.2,-47.44 -61.2,-46.38 -61.2,-45.32 -61.2,-44.26 -61.2,-43.2 -61.2,-43.2 -62.22,-43.2 -63.24,-43.2 -64.26,-43.2 -65.28,-43.2 -66.3,-43.2 -67.32,-43.2 -68.34,-43.2 -69.36,-43.2 -70.38,-43.2 -71.4,-44.26 -71.4,-45.32 -71.4,-46.38 -71.4,-47.44 -71.4,-48.5 -71.4,-49.56 -71.4,-50.62 -71.4,-51.68 -71.4,-52.74 -71.4,-53.8 -71.4,-53.8 -70.38,-53.8 -69.36,-53.8 -68.34,-53.8 -67.32,-53.8 -66.3,-53.8 -65.28,-53.8 -64.26,-53.8 -63.24,-53.8 -62.22,-53.8 -61.2))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Location: Ice camp on perennial sea ice in the southwestern corner of the Weddell Sea, Antarctic\n\nThe first direct radiative and turbulent surface flux measurements ever made over floating Antarctic sea ice. The data are from Ice Station Weddell as it drifted in the western Weddell Sea from February to late May 1992.\n\nData Types:\n\nHourly measurements of the turbulent surface fluxes of momentum and sensible and latent heat by eddy covariance at a height of 4.65 m above snow-covered sea ice. Instruments were a 3-axis sonic anemometer/thermometer and a Lyman-alpha hygrometer.\n\nHourly, surface-level measurements of the four radiation components: in-coming and out-going longwave and shortwave radiation. Instruments were hemispherical pyranometers and pyrgeometers.\n\nHourly mean values of standard meteorological variables: air temperature, dew point temperature, wind speed and direction, barometric pressure, surface temperature. Instruments were a propeller-vane for wind speed and direction and cooled-mirror dew-point hygrometers and platinum resistance thermometers for dew-points and temperatures. Surface temperature came from a Barnes PRT-5 infrared thermometer.\n\nFlux Data\nThe entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named ISW_Flux_Data.zip\nThe main data file is comma delimited.\nThe README file is ASCII.\nThe associated reprints of publications are in pdf.\n\nRadiosounding data: On Ice Station Weddell, typically twice a day from 21 February through 4 June 1992 made with both tethered (i.e., only boundary-layer profiles) and (more rarely) free-flying sondes that did not measure wind speed. (168 soundings).\n\nISW Radiosoundings\nThe entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named ISW_Radiosounding.zip.\nThe README file is in ASCII.\nTwo summary files that include the list of sounding and the declinations are in ASCII.\nThe 168 individual sounding files are in ASCII.\nTwo supporting publications that describe the data and some analyses are in pdf.\n\nRadiosounding data collected from the Russian ship Akademic Fedorov from 26 May through 5 June 1992 at 6-hourly intervals as it approached Ice Station Weddell from the north. These soundings include wind vector, temperature, humidity, and pressure. (40 soundings)\n\nAkademic Federov Radiosoundings\nThe entire data kit is bundled as a zip file named Akad_Federov_Radiosounding.zip.\nThe README file is in ASCII.\nA summary file that lists the soundings is in ASCII.\nThe 40 individual sounding files are in ASCII.\nTwo supporting publications that describe the data and some analyses are in pdf.\n\n\nDocumentation:\n\nAndreas, E. L, and K. J. Claffey, 1995: Air-ice drag coefficients in the western Weddell Sea: 1. Values deduced from profile measurements. Journal of Geophysical Research, 100, 4821\u20134831.\n\nAndreas, E. L, K. J. Claffey, and A. P. Makshtas, 2000: Low-level atmospheric jets and inversions over the western Weddell Sea. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 97, 459\u2013486.\n\nAndreas, E. L, R. E. Jordan, and A. P. Makshtas, 2004: Simulations of snow, ice, and near-surface atmospheric processes on Ice Station Weddell. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 5, 611\u2013624.\n\nAndreas, E. L, R. E. Jordan, and A. P. Makshtas, 2005: Parameterizing turbulent exchange over sea ice: The Ice Station Weddell results. Boundary-Layer Meteorology, 114, 439\u2013460.\n\nAndreas, E. L, P. O. G. Persson, R. E. Jordan, T. W. Horst, P. S. Guest, A. A. Grachev, and C. W. Fairall, 2010: Parameterizing turbulent exchange over sea ice in winter. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 11, 87\u2013104.\n\nClaffey, K. J., E. L Andreas, and A. P. Makshtas, 1994: Upper-air data collected on Ice Station Weddell. Special Report 94-25, U.S. Army Cold Regions Research and Engineering Laboratory, Hanover, NH, 62 pp.\n\nISW Group, 1993: Weddell Sea exploration from ice station. Eos, Transactions, American Geophysical Union, 74, 121\u2013126.\n\nMakshtas, A. P., E. L Andreas, P. N. Svyaschennikov, and V. F. Timachev, 1999: Accounting for clouds in sea ice models. Atmospheric Research, 52, 77\u2013113.", "east": -43.2, "geometry": ["POINT(-48.5 -66.3)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Critical Zone; Meteorology; Oceans; Radiosounding; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -61.2, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Andreas, Edgar", "project_titles": "Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000655", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -71.4, "title": "Atmospheric Boundary Layer Measurements on the Weddell Sea Drifting Station", "uid": "600141", "west": -53.8}, {"awards": "0801392 Swanson, Brian", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The primary objective of this research is to investigate polar marine psychrophilic bacteria for their potential to nucleate ice using a combination of microbiological, molecular biological and atmospheric science approaches in the laboratory. Very little is known about how psychrophiles interact and cope with ice or their adaptations to conditions of extreme cold and salinity. This work will involve a series of laboratory experiments using a novel freeze-tube technique for assaying freezing spectra which will provide quantitative information on: (i) the temperature-dependent freezing rates for heterogeneously frozen droplets containing sea-ice bacteria, (ii) the proportional occurrence of ice-nucleation activity versus anti-freeze activity among sea-ice bacterial isolates and (iii) the temperature-dependent freezing rates of bacteria with ice-nucleation activity grown at a range of temperatures and salinities. The compound(s) responsible for the observed activity will be identified, which is an essential step towards the development of an in-situ bacterial ice-nucleation detection assay that can be applied in the field to Antarctic water and cloud samples. One of the goals of this work is to better understand survival and cold adaptation processes of polar marine bacteria confronted with freezing conditions in sea ice. Since sea ice strongly impacts polar, as well as the global climates, this research is of significant interest because it will also provide data for accessing the importance of bacterial ice nucleation in the formation of sea ice. These measurements of ice-nucleation rates will be the first high-resolution measurements for psychrophilic marine bacteria. Another goal is to better understand the impact of bacterial ice initiation processes in polar clouds by making high-resolution measurements of nucleation rates for cloud bacteria found over Arctic and Antarctic regions. Initial measurements indicate these bacteria nucleate ice at warmer temperatures and the effect in polar regions may be quite important, since ice can strongly impact cloud dynamics, cloud radiative properties, precipitation formation, and cloud chemistry. If these initial measurements are confirmed, the data collected here will be important for improving the understanding of polar cloud processes and models. A third goal is to better understand the molecular basis of marine bacterial ice nucleation by characterizing the ice-nucleation compound and comparing it with those of known plant-derived ice-nucleating bacteria, which are the only ice-nucleating bacteria examined in detail to date. The proposed activity will support the beginning academic career of a post-doctoral researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects. Results from this research will be widely published in various scientific journals and outreach venues.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Biota; Microbiology; Oceans; Raman Spectroscopy; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Swanson, Brian", "project_titles": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000195", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles", "uid": "600087", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin weighbridge data 1994-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600014", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Daily weather observations 1996-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600015", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin dive data 1999-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600013", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin banding data 1994-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600005", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin chick measurements 1996 - 2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600006", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": "Biota", "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin chick counts 1997-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600007", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin diet data 1996 - 2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600008", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin Geolocation Sensor data 2003-2007 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600009", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin satellite position data 2000-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600012", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": "Biota; Oceans", "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Leopard Seal counts 1997-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600010", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin resighting data 1997-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600011", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0739512 Walker, Sally", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project answers a simple question: why are there so few fossils in sediment cores from Antarctica\u0027s continental shelf? Antarctica\u0027s benthos are as biologically rich as those of the tropics. Shell-secreting organisms should have left a trail throughout geologic time, but have not. This trail is particularly important because these organisms record regional climate in ways that are critical to interpreting the global climate record. This study uses field experiments and targeted observations of modern benthic systems to examine the biases inflicted by fossil preservation. By examining a spectrum of ice-affected habitats, this project provides paleoenvironmental insights into carbonate preservation, sedimentation rates, and burial processes; and will provide new approaches to reconstructing the Cenozoic history of Antarctica. Broader impacts include graduate and undergraduate research and education, development of undergraduate curricula to link art and science, K12 outreach, public outreach via the web, and societal relevance through improved understanding of records of global climate change.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Mcmurdo Sound; Oceans; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Walker, Sally", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores; Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010238", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000203", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Linking Modern Benthic Communities and Taphonomic Processes to the Stratigraphic Record of Antarctic Cores", "uid": "600077", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0229546 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(168 -78)"], "date_created": "Fri, 28 Nov 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Since November of 2005, 12 thermistors were planted in the upper 2.5 meters of the firn on iceberg C16, Antarctica. Temperature data are collected every 20 minutes and are transmitted via ARGOS satellite relay. Data are intended to provide a view of how firn temperatures change as an iceberg moves north into warmer climate.", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(168 -78)"], "keywords": "Glaciology; Iceberg; Oceans; Ross Ice Shelf; Sea Ice; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Southern Ocean; Temperature", "locations": "Ross Ice Shelf; Southern Ocean", "north": -78.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Thom, Jonathan; Sergienko, Olga; MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000117", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Iceberg Firn Temperatures, Antarctica", "uid": "609352", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "0229546 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(168 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 25 Nov 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Time series of tiltmeter observations (tilt about two horizontal axes in microradians) for a 34 day period on iceberg C16 while it was aground near Ross Island in late 2001 to early 2002. Data shows tilts associated with differential basal melting of the iceberg, tidal motion and short-term tilts induced by iceberg tremor phenomena triggered by collisions between B15A and C16. The sample rate was 5 seconds. Data are available in comma-delimited ASCII format. Data are available via FTP.", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(168 -77)"], "keywords": "Glaciology; Iceberg; Oceans; Ross Ice Shelf; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Tiltmeter", "locations": "Ross Ice Shelf; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kim, Young-Jin; Bliss, Andrew; MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000117", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Iceberg Tiltmeter Measurements, Antarctica", "uid": "609353", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "0229546 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-178 -60,-149.2 -60,-120.4 -60,-91.6 -60,-62.8 -60,-34 -60,-5.2 -60,23.6 -60,52.4 -60,81.2 -60,110 -60,110 -61.8,110 -63.6,110 -65.4,110 -67.2,110 -69,110 -70.8,110 -72.6,110 -74.4,110 -76.2,110 -78,81.2 -78,52.4 -78,23.6 -78,-5.2 -78,-34 -78,-62.8 -78,-91.6 -78,-120.4 -78,-149.2 -78,-178 -78,-178 -76.2,-178 -74.4,-178 -72.6,-178 -70.8,-178 -69,-178 -67.2,-178 -65.4,-178 -63.6,-178 -61.8,-178 -60))"], "date_created": "Mon, 20 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "During 2001-2006, 6 giant icebergs (B15A, B15J, B15K, C16 and C25) adrift in the southwestern Ross Sea, Antarctica, were instrumented with global positioning system (GPS) receivers, magnetic compasses and automatic weather stations (AWS), to monitor their behavior in the near-coastal environment and to record their exit into the Southern Ocean. The GPS and AWS data were collected on a 20-minute interval, Many of the station data timeseries are continuous for periods of up to 7 years, with icebergs C16 and B15J having the longest records.\n\nThe data is considered useful for examining the processes of iceberg drift (and other behaviors) on time scales that are shorter than what is possible through satellite image iceberg tracking. Data are available in comma-delimited ASCII format and Matlab native mat files.", "east": 110.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-34 -69)"], "keywords": "AWS; Glaciology; GPS; Iceberg; Meteorology; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Weatherstation", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Okal, Emile; Aster, Richard; Bassis, Jeremy; MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000117", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Giant Icebergs of the Ross Sea, in situ Drift and Weather Measurements, Antarctica", "uid": "609350", "west": -178.0}, {"awards": "0229546 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(168 -77)"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Seismometers were placed on a 25 km by 50 km iceberg called C16 in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, to identify the Iceberg harmonic Tremor (IHT) source mechanism and to understand the relevance of IHT to iceberg calving, drift and break-up. The seismic observations reveal that the IHT signal consists of extended episodes of stick-slip icequakes (typically thousands per hour) generated when the ice-cliff edges of two tabular icebergs rub together during glancing, strike/slip type iceberg collisions (e.g., between C16 and B15A). With the source mechanism revealed, IHT may provide a promising signal useful for the study of iceberg behavior and iceberg-related processes such as climate-induced ice-shelf disintegration.\n\nHere, a single day of seismometer data for a single station on iceberg C16 is provided as an example of \"a day in the life of an iceberg\" for use by scientists and students wishing to know more about IHT. The station data is from C16 \"B\" site on C16\u0027s northeast corner, and the day is 27 December, 2003, a day when B15A struck C16 and caused an episode of tremor that was particularly easy to identify and understand. \n\nThis represents only a small fraction of the total data that exist for the seismic program on iceberg C16. The full data are archived at the IRIS data center (where seismic data is commonly archived). This one-day data set is to provide glaciologists with ready access to a good example of IHT that they can use for teaching and for demonstration purposes. Data are available in comma-delimited ASCII format and Matlab native mat files. Data are available via FTP.", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(168 -77)"], "keywords": "Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciology; Iceberg; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Seismometer; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Okal, Emile; Aster, Richard; Bassis, Jeremy; MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000117", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Iceberg Harmonic Tremor, Seismometer Data, Antarctica", "uid": "609349", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "0238281 Marsh, Adam", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -77,163.4 -77,163.8 -77,164.2 -77,164.6 -77,165 -77,165.4 -77,165.8 -77,166.2 -77,166.6 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.6 -78,166.2 -78,165.8 -78,165.4 -78,165 -78,164.6 -78,164.2 -78,163.8 -78,163.4 -78,163 -78,163 -77.9,163 -77.8,163 -77.7,163 -77.6,163 -77.5,163 -77.4,163 -77.3,163 -77.2,163 -77.1,163 -77))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Although we envision the coastal margins of Antarctica as an extreme environment challenging to the existence of life, there are many marine invertebrates that are adapted to live and thrive under the sea ice. For two field seasons, the SCUBA diving activities of this project routinely involved photographing these animals in all the dive locations as a way to document what we observed as the dominant organisms at each site. Ice diving is very strenuous for humans, and often the constraints of managing the work on a dive, monitoring air reserves, tracking proximity to the dive hole, and the 50 minute exposure to subfreezing temperatures limits a divers ability to \"catalog\" observations that are not essential to the current dive plan. The photographs archived here have provided the project\u0027s dive team with the ability to \"debrief\" following a dive and more or less reenact the dive by moving through the photograph images. Studying these images often served as a visual trigger for divers to recall more specific observations and in many cases details in the photographs were captured without the photographer (A. Marsh) realizing that they were there (such as small, cryptic species hiding in a shadow until the strobe light fires for the photo, illuminating these secondary subjects). These photographs are intended to serve as a record of what organisms we encountered in the McMurdo Sound area in 2004 and 2005. All photographs were taken with a Nikon D-70 in a polycarbonate underwater housing using either a 18 mm (wide) or 60 mm (macro) lens.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Mcmurdo Sound; Oceans; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Mcmurdo Sound; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Marsh, Adam G.", "project_titles": "CAREER: Genomic Networks for Cold-Adaptation in Embryos of Polar Marine Invertebrates", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000240", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "CAREER: Genomic Networks for Cold-Adaptation in Embryos of Polar Marine Invertebrates"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Marine Invertebrates of McMurdo Sound", "uid": "600034", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "0338151 Raymond, Charles", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-157 -71,-154.9 -71,-152.8 -71,-150.7 -71,-148.6 -71,-146.5 -71,-144.4 -71,-142.3 -71,-140.2 -71,-138.1 -71,-136 -71,-136 -71.9,-136 -72.8,-136 -73.7,-136 -74.6,-136 -75.5,-136 -76.4,-136 -77.3,-136 -78.2,-136 -79.1,-136 -80,-138.1 -80,-140.2 -80,-142.3 -80,-144.4 -80,-146.5 -80,-148.6 -80,-150.7 -80,-152.8 -80,-154.9 -80,-157 -80,-157 -79.1,-157 -78.2,-157 -77.3,-157 -76.4,-157 -75.5,-157 -74.6,-157 -73.7,-157 -72.8,-157 -71.9,-157 -71))"], "date_created": "Wed, 10 Dec 2003 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set provides surface elevation and ice thickness data for a portion of the Marie Byrd Land sector of West Antarctica, including the Ford Ranges, the Sulzberger Ice Shelf, much of the Edward VII Peninsula, and the Shirase Coast region of the eastern Ross Ice Shelf. The investigators used radar sounding and laser altimetry from a Twin Otter aircraft flying at varying altitudes, at least 300 m above the surface, at an air speed of about 130 knots. Surveys were accomplished with 64 flights in December 1998 and January 1999. This research was funded by the National Science Foundation (NSF) contract NSF OPP 9615281.", "east": -136.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-146.5 -75.5)"], "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Airplane; Antarctica; Elevation; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Marie Byrd Land", "locations": "Marie Byrd Land; Antarctica", "north": -71.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Luyendyk, Bruce P.; Wilson, Douglas S.", "project_titles": "Glaciological Characteristics of the Ross/Amundsen Sea Ice-flow Divide Deduced by a New Analysis of Ice-penetrating Radar Data", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000017", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Glaciological Characteristics of the Ross/Amundsen Sea Ice-flow Divide Deduced by a New Analysis of Ice-penetrating Radar Data"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "Surface Elevation and Ice Thickness, Western Marie Byrd Land, Antarctica", "uid": "609119", "west": -157.0}, {"awards": "XXXXXXX Palais, Julie", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Recent changes in the extent and stability of ice shelves in the Antarctic Peninsula prompted NSIDC to begin a monitoring program using data from the AVHRR Polar 1 km Data Set. NSIDC regularly reviews images of those ice shelves considered susceptible to rapid change due to climatic warming, and of several other major shelves that occasionally calve major icebergs.\n\nThe images in this site represent a selected subset of the available scenes, generally the clearest and most informative scenes available. The scenes are derived from either the AVHRR visible (vis) or thermal (temp) channels, enhanced by combining two channels using principal components processing. In the thermal images, bright areas are colder areas. A few additional scenes from other sensors (MODIS, Landsat) are included to provide some supplemental information on ice shelf structure and events.\n\nIf you wish to save an image, you can do so through the \u0027Save image as\u0027 option of the browser\u0027s pop-up menu. For more information contact NSIDC User Services.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; AVHRR; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Sea Ice", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Scambos, Ted; Raup, Bruce H.; Bohlander, Jennifer", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Images of Antarctic Ice Shelves", "uid": "609102", "west": null}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 1993 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This gridded dataset consists of output from the Polar MM5, a version of the Pennsylvania State University / National Center for Atmospheric Research Fifth Generation Mesoscale Model (MM5; version 2) modified for use over extensive ice sheets. More information on the Polar MM5, including a model description and validation studies, is available at http://www-bprc.mps.ohio-state.edu. A series of 72-h non-hydrostatic forecasts are run for a 1-y period (Jan 1993-Dec 1993) overAntarctica and the high-latitude Southern Ocean. The first 24-h of each forecast are discarded for spin up. The horizontal grid resolution is 60-km, with 120 grid points in the x and y direction. The model topography data are interpolated from a 5-km resolution digital elevation model. The ice shelves are manually identified from climatic maps, and represented as permanent ice. The vertical resolution is represented by 28 sigma levels, with the lowest at 11-m above ground level. The initial and boundary conditions include 12-hourly ECMWF TOGA (2.5 deg) global analysis for the surface and upper air variables, 6-hourly ECMWF TOGA (1.125 deg) global analysis for sea surface temperature, and daily DMSP SSM/I polar gridded sea ice concentration (25-km) from the National Snow and Ice Data Center. Model output is in native MM5 format, and available variables are numerous, The reader is referred to the MM5 website for a complete list of variables, as well as detailed documentation and tools for reading and plotting the data. Go to the MM5 homepage at http://www.mmm.ucar.edu/mm5/mm5-home.html. This dataset is currently available upon request from the Polar Meteorology Group, Byrd Polar Research Center, Columbus, OH. Email David Bromwich (bromwich@polarmet1.mps.ohio-state.edu).", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Bromwich, David", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Polar MM5 model output over Antarctica and high-latitude Southern Ocean during 1993", "uid": "600001", "west": null}]

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