USAP-DC

{"dp_type": "Dataset", "free_text": "MOT"}

[{"awards": "1929991 Pettit, Erin C", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-106.5 -74.5,-106.3 -74.5,-106.1 -74.5,-105.9 -74.5,-105.7 -74.5,-105.5 -74.5,-105.3 -74.5,-105.1 -74.5,-104.9 -74.5,-104.7 -74.5,-104.5 -74.5,-104.5 -74.6,-104.5 -74.7,-104.5 -74.8,-104.5 -74.9,-104.5 -75,-104.5 -75.1,-104.5 -75.2,-104.5 -75.3,-104.5 -75.4,-104.5 -75.5,-104.7 -75.5,-104.9 -75.5,-105.1 -75.5,-105.3 -75.5,-105.5 -75.5,-105.7 -75.5,-105.9 -75.5,-106.1 -75.5,-106.3 -75.5,-106.5 -75.5,-106.5 -75.4,-106.5 -75.3,-106.5 -75.2,-106.5 -75.1,-106.5 -75,-106.5 -74.9,-106.5 -74.8,-106.5 -74.7,-106.5 -74.6,-106.5 -74.5))"], "date_created": "Fri, 21 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset comprises GeoTiff files that capture the yearly averages of ice-flow velocity (including x- and y-components, and flow speed) and strain rates (longitudinal, transverse, and shear) for the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf (TEIS) from 2013 to 2022. The velocity grids were generated using ITS_LIVE image-pair velocities available throughout the year, ensuring a consistent extent and spatial resolution for each annual composite. These composites were created by stacking all available image pairs and taking the median value for each grid cell. Small data gaps near the grounding line were filled using bilinear interpolation. Each pixel in the grid represents the median value of all available pixels during the specified period. The data are gridded at a spatial resolution of 120m in a polar stereographic projection (EPSG:3031). Speed is given in metres per day (m/yr), and strain rates are given in units/day. Additional funding was received from NE/S006419/1.", "east": -104.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-105.5 -75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Glaciology; Ice Shelf; Remote Sensing; Satellite Imagery; Thwaites; Thwaites Glacier; Velocity", "locations": "Thwaites Glacier; Antarctica; Thwaites; Antarctica", "north": -74.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Banerjee, Debangshu; Lilien, David; Truffer, Martin; Luckman, Adrian; Wild, Christian; Pettit, Erin; Scambos, Ted; Muto, Atsuhiro; Alley, Karen", "project_titles": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010162", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -75.5, "title": "Yearly velocity and strain-rate averages from the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, 2013-2022", "uid": "601904", "west": -106.5}, {"awards": "1744993 Higgins, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(159.356125 -76.732376)"], "date_created": "Wed, 12 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Between about 2.8-0.9 Ma, Earth\u2019s climate was characterized by 40 kyr cycles, driven or paced by changes in the tilt of Earth\u2019s spin axis. Much is known about the 40k world from studies of deep-sea sediments, but our understanding of climate change during this period and the transition between the 40kyr glacial cycles from 2.8-0.9 Ma and the 100kyr glacial cycles of the last 0.9 Myr is incomplete because we lack records of Antarctic climate and direct records of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. We propose to address these issues by building on our recent studies of \u003e1 Ma ice discovered in shallow ice cores in the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area (BIA), Antarctica. During the 2015-2016 field season we recovered ice from two nearby drill cores that dates to \u003e 2 million years in age using the 40Ar/38Ar ratio of the trapped gases. Our discovery of ice of this antiquity in two cores demonstrates that there is gas-record quality ice from the 40k world in the Allan Hills BIA. To further characterize the composition of Earth\u2019s atmosphere and Antarctic climate during the 40k world we request support for two field seasons to drill new large-volume (4\u201d or 9\u201d diameter) ice cores at sites where we have previously identified \u003e1 Ma ice and nearby sites where ground penetrating radar has identified bedrock features conducive to the preservation of old ice.", "east": 159.356125, "geometry": ["POINT(159.356125 -76.732376)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciology; Ice Core Data; MOT; Ocean Temperature; Paleoclimate; Xe/Kr", "locations": "Allan Hills; Antarctica", "north": -76.732376, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Higgins, John", "project_titles": "Center for Oldest Ice Exploration; Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010253", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: Snapshots of Early and Mid-Pleistocene Climate and Atmospheric Composition from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area "}, {"proj_uid": "p0010321", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Center for Oldest Ice Exploration"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.732376, "title": "MOT data (Xe/Kr) from Allan Hills ice cores ALHIC1901, 1902, and 1903", "uid": "601897", "west": 159.356125}, {"awards": "1143836 Leventer, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((117 -66,119.9 -66,122.8 -66,125.7 -66,128.6 -66,131.5 -66,134.4 -66,137.3 -66,140.2 -66,143.1 -66,146 -66,146 -66.1,146 -66.2,146 -66.3,146 -66.4,146 -66.5,146 -66.6,146 -66.7,146 -66.8,146 -66.9,146 -67,143.1 -67,140.2 -67,137.3 -67,134.4 -67,131.5 -67,128.6 -67,125.7 -67,122.8 -67,119.9 -67,117 -67,117 -66.9,117 -66.8,117 -66.7,117 -66.6,117 -66.5,117 -66.4,117 -66.3,117 -66.2,117 -66.1,117 -66))"], "date_created": "Mon, 21 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Totten Glacier is the termination of the largest marine-based portion of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, the Aurora Subglacial Basin. Yet little is known about the glacial evolution of the catchment and the factors influencing its present and past behavior. Due its remote location and heavy sea ice, the continental shelf in front of the Totten Glacier had not been comprehensively surveyed prior to this study. Satellite observations indicate that the Totten ice drainage system is thinning, and it has been hypothesized that this thinning is in response to undermelting by warm ocean waters over the continental shelf. While this process is observed elsewhere in Antarctica (e.g. the rapidly retreating Pine Island Glacier in West Antarctica), the Totten Glacier system is potentially Antarcticas most important glacial drainage system due to its large size; it is three times larger than any system in West Antarctica. \u003c/br\u003eThe main goals of this proposal were: \u003c/br\u003eTo generate multibeam bathymetric maps of the continental shelf proximal to the Totten Glacier system to understand the recent regional glacial history and to document the pathways, if any, for circumpolar deep water to move onto the shelf. \u003c/br\u003eTo conduct a physical oceanographic survey of the region proximal to the Totten Glacier system, to determine the presence, if any, of warm ocean waters over the continental shelf.\u003c/br\u003eTo conduct a seismic survey of the continental shelf to assess the long-term evolution of the glacial system in the Aurora Subglacial Basin.\u003c/br\u003eTo collect marine sediment cores to determine the regional deglacial to Holocene climate history and the influence of warm circumpolar deep water.", "east": 146.0, "geometry": ["POINT(131.5 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Diatom; NBP1402; Totten Glacier", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica; Totten Glacier", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Leventer, Amy; NBP1402 science party, ", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000008", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Totten Glacier System and the Marine Record of Cryosphere - Ocean Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "NBP1402 diatom data", "uid": "601845", "west": 117.0}, {"awards": "2136938 Tedesco, Marco", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-40 67.55,-39.611 67.55,-39.222 67.55,-38.833 67.55,-38.444 67.55,-38.055 67.55,-37.666 67.55,-37.277 67.55,-36.888 67.55,-36.499 67.55,-36.11 67.55,-36.11 67.28999999999999,-36.11 67.03,-36.11 66.77,-36.11 66.51,-36.11 66.25,-36.11 65.99,-36.11 65.73,-36.11 65.47,-36.11 65.21000000000001,-36.11 64.95,-36.499 64.95,-36.888 64.95,-37.277 64.95,-37.666 64.95,-38.055 64.95,-38.444 64.95,-38.833 64.95,-39.222 64.95,-39.611 64.95,-40 64.95,-40 65.21000000000001,-40 65.47,-40 65.73,-40 65.99,-40 66.25,-40 66.51,-40 66.77,-40 67.03,-40 67.28999999999999,-40 67.55))"], "date_created": "Mon, 07 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains high-resolution satellite-derived snow/ice surface melt-related data on a common 100 m equal area grid (Albers equal area projection; EPSG 9822) over Helheim Glacier and surrounding areas in Greenland. The data is used as part of a machine learning framework that aims to fill data gaps in computed meltwater fraction on the 100 m grid using a range of methods, results of which will be published separately.\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe data include fraction of a grid cell covered by meltwater derived from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter, satellite-derived passive microwave (PMW) brightness temperatures, snowpack liquid water content within the first meter of snow and atmospheric and radiative variables from the Mod\u00e9le Atmosph\u00e9rique R\u00e8gional (MAR) regional climate model, spectral reflectance in four wavelength bands from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS), a static digital elevation model (DEM), and an ice sheet mask. \r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eA similar dataset has also been produced for Larsen C ice shelf and is also available through the US Antarctic Program Data Center. \r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e", "east": -36.11, "geometry": ["POINT(-38.055 66.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Climate Modeling; Cryosphere; Downscaling; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Greenland; Ice Sheet; Machine Learning; MAR; Remote Sensing; Sea Level Rise; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Surface Melt", "locations": "Greenland; Antarctica; Greenland", "north": 67.55, "nsf_funding_programs": "Polar Cyberinfrastructure", "persons": "Alexander, Patrick; Antwerpen, Raphael; Cervone, Guido; Fettweis, Xavier; L\u00fctjens, Bj\u00f6rn; Tedesco, Marco", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: EAGER: Generation of high resolution surface melting maps over Antarctica using regional climate models, remote sensing and machine learning", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010277", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: EAGER: Generation of high resolution surface melting maps over Antarctica using regional climate models, remote sensing and machine learning"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": 64.95, "title": "Surface melt-related multi-source remote-sensing and climate model data over Helheim Glacier, Greenland for segmentation and machine learning applications", "uid": "601841", "west": -40.0}, {"awards": "2136938 Tedesco, Marco", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-68.5 -65.25,-67.35 -65.25,-66.2 -65.25,-65.05 -65.25,-63.9 -65.25,-62.75 -65.25,-61.6 -65.25,-60.45 -65.25,-59.3 -65.25,-58.15 -65.25,-57 -65.25,-57 -65.652,-57 -66.054,-57 -66.456,-57 -66.858,-57 -67.25999999999999,-57 -67.66199999999999,-57 -68.064,-57 -68.466,-57 -68.868,-57 -69.27,-58.15 -69.27,-59.3 -69.27,-60.45 -69.27,-61.6 -69.27,-62.75 -69.27,-63.9 -69.27,-65.05 -69.27,-66.2 -69.27,-67.35 -69.27,-68.5 -69.27,-68.5 -68.868,-68.5 -68.466,-68.5 -68.064,-68.5 -67.66199999999999,-68.5 -67.25999999999999,-68.5 -66.858,-68.5 -66.456,-68.5 -66.054,-68.5 -65.652,-68.5 -65.25))"], "date_created": "Mon, 07 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains high-resolution satellite-derived snow/ice surface melt-related data on a common 100 m equal area grid (Lambert azimuthal equal area projection; EPSG 9820) over Larsen C Ice Shelf and surrounding areas in Antarctica. The data is prepared to be used as part of a machine learning framework that aims to fill data gaps in computed meltwater fraction on the 100 m grid using a range of methods, results of which will be published separately.\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe data include fraction of a grid cell covered by meltwater derived from Sentinel-1 synthetic aperture radar (SAR) backscatter, satellite-derived passive microwave (PMW) brightness temperatures, snowpack liquid water content within the first meter of snow and atmospheric and radiative variables from the Mod\u00e9le Atmosph\u00e9rique R\u00e8gional (MAR) regional climate model, a static digital elevation model (DEM), and an ice sheet mask. \r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eA similar dataset has been produced for Helheim Glacier, Greenland and is also available through the US Antarctic Program Data Center.", "east": -57.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.75 -67.25999999999999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Climate Modeling; Cryosphere; Downscaling; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Shelf; Larsen C Ice Shelf; Machine Learning; MAR; Remote Sensing; Sea Level Rise; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Surface Melt", "locations": "Antarctica; Larsen C Ice Shelf", "north": -65.25, "nsf_funding_programs": "Polar Cyberinfrastructure", "persons": "Alexander, Patrick; Antwerpen, Raphael; Cervone, Guido; Fettweis, Xavier; L\u00fctjens, Bj\u00f6rn; Tedesco, Marco", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: EAGER: Generation of high resolution surface melting maps over Antarctica using regional climate models, remote sensing and machine learning", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010277", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: EAGER: Generation of high resolution surface melting maps over Antarctica using regional climate models, remote sensing and machine learning"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.27, "title": "Surface melt-related multi-source remote-sensing and climate model data over Larsen C Ice Shelf, Antarctica for segmentation and machine learning applications", "uid": "601842", "west": -68.5}, {"awards": "0958658 Bell, Robin; 1443534 Bell, Robin; 1444690 Bell, Robin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -77,-177 -77,-174 -77,-171 -77,-168 -77,-165 -77,-162 -77,-159 -77,-156 -77,-153 -77,-150 -77,-150 -77.9,-150 -78.8,-150 -79.7,-150 -80.6,-150 -81.5,-150 -82.4,-150 -83.3,-150 -84.2,-150 -85.1,-150 -86,-153 -86,-156 -86,-159 -86,-162 -86,-165 -86,-168 -86,-171 -86,-174 -86,-177 -86,180 -86,178.1 -86,176.2 -86,174.3 -86,172.4 -86,170.5 -86,168.6 -86,166.7 -86,164.8 -86,162.9 -86,161 -86,161 -85.1,161 -84.2,161 -83.3,161 -82.4,161 -81.5,161 -80.6,161 -79.7,161 -78.8,161 -77.9,161 -77,162.9 -77,164.8 -77,166.7 -77,168.6 -77,170.5 -77,172.4 -77,174.3 -77,176.2 -77,178.1 -77,-180 -77))"], "date_created": "Wed, 22 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This Shallow Ice Radar (SIR) dataset is from the Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (LFMCW) radar system on board the IcePod while deployed with the ROSETTA-Ice project during the austral summers of November 2015 - December 2017. SIR data was collected along the ROSETTA-Ice Survey Grid where possible. More detailed information is included in the ReadMe. This data was processed at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory using MATLAB scripts developed in-house by Tejendra Dhakal and Nicholas Frearson, using CReSIS 2013/14 MCoRDS scripts as a foundation. All levels of processed data are Matfiles as a result.\r\nIncluded in this dataset are the following: \r\n* SIR level1a Matfiles separated by ROSETTA-Ice Survey Grid Line Number;\r\n* SIR long-line images at 300dpi (PNGs) for easy data viewing, rendered in MATLAB from level1 data;\r\n* SIR internal reflector digitization picks (CSV), rendered manually using MATLAB picking scripts;\r\n* SIR digitization frame images (picked and un-picked) as JPGs output from picking process", "east": -150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-174.5 -81.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Remote Sensing; Ross Ice Shelf", "locations": "Ross Ice Shelf; Antarctica", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Instrumentation and Support; Antarctic Astrophysics and Geospace Sciences", "persons": "Cordero, Isabel; Frearson, Nicholas; Dhakal, Tejendra; Bertinato, Christopher; Chu, Winnie; Keeshin, Skye; Wearing, Martin; Spergel, Julian; Packard, Sarah; Dong, LingLing; Das, Indrani; Bell, Robin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE); Development of an Ice Imaging System for Monitoring Changing Ice Sheets Mounted on the NYANG LC-130", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010462", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Development of an Ice Imaging System for Monitoring Changing Ice Sheets Mounted on the NYANG LC-130"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010035", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -86.0, "title": "Shallow Ice Radar (SIR) Dataset from Ross Ice Shelf (ROSETTA-Ice)", "uid": "601794", "west": 161.0}, {"awards": "1443534 Bell, Robin; 0958658 Bell, Robin; 1444690 Bell, Robin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -77,-177 -77,-174 -77,-171 -77,-168 -77,-165 -77,-162 -77,-159 -77,-156 -77,-153 -77,-150 -77,-150 -77.9,-150 -78.8,-150 -79.7,-150 -80.6,-150 -81.5,-150 -82.4,-150 -83.3,-150 -84.2,-150 -85.1,-150 -86,-153 -86,-156 -86,-159 -86,-162 -86,-165 -86,-168 -86,-171 -86,-174 -86,-177 -86,180 -86,178.1 -86,176.2 -86,174.3 -86,172.4 -86,170.5 -86,168.6 -86,166.7 -86,164.8 -86,162.9 -86,161 -86,161 -85.1,161 -84.2,161 -83.3,161 -82.4,161 -81.5,161 -80.6,161 -79.7,161 -78.8,161 -77.9,161 -77,162.9 -77,164.8 -77,166.7 -77,168.6 -77,170.5 -77,172.4 -77,174.3 -77,176.2 -77,178.1 -77,-180 -77))"], "date_created": "Mon, 20 May 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This Deep ICE (DICE) radar dataset is from the pulse-chirp depth sounding radar system on board the IcePod while deployed with the ROSETTA-Ice Project during the austral summers of November 2015 - December 2017. DICE data was collected along the ROSETTA-Ice Survey grid where possible. More detailed information is included in the ReadMe, including flight lines with data loss. DICE is a dual channel sensor with pulse-chirp rate of 1us and 3us, which means the data can be processed in four pulse/channel configurations: 1usCh1, 3usCh1, 1usCh2, and 3usCh2. The included dataset is 3usCh1 DICE, which is the preferred configuration. The preferred configuration is 3usCh1, which is included in this dataset. This data was processed at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory using MATLAB scripts developed in-house by Tejendra Dhakal and Nicholas Frearson, with CReSIS 2014 MCoRDS scripts as a foundation. As such, all processed levels of this data product are Matfiles. Included in this dataset are the following:\r\n* DICE level2a data Matfiles, separated by ROSETTA-Ice Survey Grid Line Number;\r\n* DICE long-line images at 300dpi (PNGs) for easy data viewing rendered in MATLAB from level2 data;\r\n* DICE Ice Base digitization picks, rendered manually using MATLAB picking script;\r\n* DICE digitization frame images (picked and un-picked) as JPGs output from picking process", "east": -150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-174.5 -81.5)"], "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Ice Thickness; Remote Sensing; Ross Ice Shelf", "locations": "Antarctica; Ross Ice Shelf", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support; Antarctic Astrophysics and Geospace Sciences; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Cordero, Isabel; Frearson, Nicholas; Dhakal, Tejendra; Bertinato, Christopher; Millstein, Joanna; Wilner, Joel; Dong, LingLing; Das, Indrani; Spergel, Julian; Chu, Winnie; Bell, Robin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE); Development of an Ice Imaging System for Monitoring Changing Ice Sheets Mounted on the NYANG LC-130", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010035", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE)"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010462", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Development of an Ice Imaging System for Monitoring Changing Ice Sheets Mounted on the NYANG LC-130"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -86.0, "title": "Deep ICE (DICE) Radar Dataset from Ross Ice Shelf (ROSETTA-Ice)", "uid": "601789", "west": 161.0}, {"awards": "2044924 Barrett, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161.70776367188 -77.519802097166,161.899475097661 -77.519802097166,162.091186523442 -77.519802097166,162.282897949223 -77.519802097166,162.474609375004 -77.519802097166,162.666320800785 -77.519802097166,162.858032226566 -77.519802097166,163.049743652347 -77.519802097166,163.241455078128 -77.519802097166,163.433166503909 -77.519802097166,163.62487792969 -77.519802097166,163.62487792969 -77.54867059480199,163.62487792969 -77.57753909243799,163.62487792969 -77.606407590074,163.62487792969 -77.63527608771,163.62487792969 -77.664144585346,163.62487792969 -77.69301308298199,163.62487792969 -77.72188158061799,163.62487792969 -77.750750078254,163.62487792969 -77.77961857589,163.62487792969 -77.808487073526,163.433166503909 -77.808487073526,163.241455078128 -77.808487073526,163.049743652347 -77.808487073526,162.858032226566 -77.808487073526,162.666320800785 -77.808487073526,162.474609375004 -77.808487073526,162.282897949223 -77.808487073526,162.091186523442 -77.808487073526,161.899475097661 -77.808487073526,161.70776367188 -77.808487073526,161.70776367188 -77.77961857589,161.70776367188 -77.750750078254,161.70776367188 -77.72188158061799,161.70776367188 -77.69301308298199,161.70776367188 -77.664144585346,161.70776367188 -77.63527608771,161.70776367188 -77.606407590074,161.70776367188 -77.57753909243799,161.70776367188 -77.54867059480199,161.70776367188 -77.519802097166))"], "date_created": "Wed, 03 Apr 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Microbial communities are the primary drivers of carbon cycling in the McMurdo Dry Valleys of Antarctica. Dense microbial mats, consisting mainly of photosynthetic cyanobacteria, occupy aquatic areas associated with streams and lakes. Other microbial communities also occur at lower densities as patchy surface biological soil crusts (biocrusts) across the terrestrial landscape. Multispectral satellite data have been used to model microbial mat abundance in high-density areas like stream and lake margins, but no previous studies had investigated the lower detection limits of biocrusts. Here, we describe remote sensing and field-based survey and sampling approaches to study the detectability and distribution of biocrusts in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. Using a combination of multi- and hyperspectral tools and spectral linear unmixing, we modeled the abundances of biocrust in eastern Taylor Valley. Our spectral approaches can detect low masses of biocrust material in laboratory microcosms down to biocrust concentrations of 1% by mass. These techniques also distinguish the spectra of biocrust from both surface rock and mineral signatures from orbit. We found that biocrusts are present throughout the soils of eastern Taylor Valley and are associated with diverse underlying soil communities. The densest biocrust communities identified in this study had total organic carbon 5x greater than the content of typical arid soils. The most productive biocrusts were located downslope of melting snowpacks in unique soil ecosystems that are distinct from the surrounding arid landscape. There are similarities between the snowpack and stream sediment communities (high diversity of soil invertebrates) as well as their ecosystem properties (e.g., persistence of liquid water, high transfer of available nutrients, lower salinity from flushing) compared to the typical arid terrestrial ecosystem of the dry valleys. Our approach extends the capability of orbital remote sensing of photosynthetic communities out of the aquatic margins and into the drier soils which comprise most of this landscape. This interdisciplinary work is critical for measuring and monitoring terrestrial carbon stocks and predicting future ecosystem dynamics in this currently water-limited but increasingly dynamic Antarctic landscape, which is particularly climate-sensitive and difficult to access.\r\n", "east": 163.62487792969, "geometry": ["POINT(162.666320800785 -77.664144585346)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon; Cryosphere; McMurdo Dry Valleys; Snow", "locations": "McMurdo Dry Valleys; Antarctica", "north": -77.519802097166, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Barrett, John", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -77.808487073526, "title": "Hyperspectral reflectance values and biophysicochemical properties of biocrusts and soils in the Fryxell Basin, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica", "uid": "601773", "west": 161.70776367188}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 13 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Blue-ice areas (BIAs) and their geographical distribution in Antarctica were mapped using Landsat-7 ETM+ images with 15 m spatial resolution obtained during the 1999\u20132003 austral summers and covering the area north of 82.5\u00b0 S, and a snow grain-size image of the MODIS-based Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) dataset with 125 m grid spacing acquired during the 2003/04 austral summer from 82.5\u00b0S to the South Pole. A map of BIAs was created with algorithms of thresholds based on band ratio and reflectance for ETM+ data and thresholds based on snow grain size for the MOA dataset. The underlying principle is that blue ice can be separated from snow or rock by their spectral discrepancies and by different grain sizes of snow and ice. We estimate the total area of BIAs in Antarctica during the data acquisition period is 234 549 km2, or 1.67% of the area of the continent. Blue ice is scattered widely over the continent but is generally located in coastal or mountainous regions. The BIA dataset presented in this study is the first map covering the entire Antarctic continent sourced solely from ETM+ and MODIS data. Support by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 41106157) and NASA grant NNX10AL42G (nsidc0549_hui_V0).", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Blue Ice; GIS; Glaciology; LANDSAT; MODIS; Remote Sensing; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Hui, Fengming; Scambos, Ted", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Distribution of blue ice areas in Antarctica derived from Landsat ETM+ and Modis images", "uid": "601742", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1850988 Teets, Nicholas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.366767 -62.681,-63.991703599999994 -62.681,-63.6166402 -62.681,-63.2415768 -62.681,-62.866513399999995 -62.681,-62.49145 -62.681,-62.1163866 -62.681,-61.7413232 -62.681,-61.366259799999995 -62.681,-60.9911964 -62.681,-60.616133 -62.681,-60.616133 -62.9536677,-60.616133 -63.226335399999996,-60.616133 -63.4990031,-60.616133 -63.7716708,-60.616133 -64.04433850000001,-60.616133 -64.31700620000001,-60.616133 -64.58967390000001,-60.616133 -64.86234160000001,-60.616133 -65.13500930000001,-60.616133 -65.407677,-60.9911964 -65.407677,-61.366259799999995 -65.407677,-61.7413232 -65.407677,-62.1163866 -65.407677,-62.49145 -65.407677,-62.866513399999995 -65.407677,-63.2415768 -65.407677,-63.6166402 -65.407677,-63.991703599999994 -65.407677,-64.366767 -65.407677,-64.366767 -65.13500930000001,-64.366767 -64.86234160000001,-64.366767 -64.58967390000001,-64.366767 -64.31700620000001,-64.366767 -64.04433850000001,-64.366767 -63.7716708,-64.366767 -63.4990031,-64.366767 -63.226335399999996,-64.366767 -62.9536677,-64.366767 -62.681))"], "date_created": "Sun, 11 Jun 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic winters are challenging for terrestrial invertebrates, and species that\r\nlive there have specialised adaptations to conserve energy and protect against\r\ncold injury in the winter. However, rapidly occurring climate change in these\r\nregions will increase the unpredictability of winter conditions, and there is\r\ncurrently a dearth of knowledge on how the highly adapted invertebrates of\r\nAntarctica will respond to changes in winter temperatures.\r\n2. We evaluated the response of larvae of the Antarctic midge, Belgica antarctica,\r\nto simulated winters at three ecologically relevant mean temperature scenarios:\r\nwarm (\u22121\u00b0C), normal (\u22123\u00b0C) and cold (\u22125\u00b0C). Within each scenario, larvae were\r\nplaced into three distinct habitat types in which they are commonly observed\r\n(decaying organic matter, living moss, and Prasiola crispa algae). Following the\r\nsimulated overwintering period, a range of physiological outcomes were measured,\r\nnamely survival, locomotor activity, tissue damage, energy store levels and\r\nmolecular stress responses.\r\n3. Survival, energy stores and locomotor activity were significantly lower following\r\nthe Warm overwintering environment than at lower temperatures, but tissue\r\ndamage and heat shock protein expression (a proxy for protein damage) did not\r\nsignificantly differ between the three temperatures. Survival was also significantly\r\nlower in larvae overwintered in Prasiola crispa algae, although the underlying\r\nmechanism is unclear. Heat shock proteins were expressed least in larvae\r\noverwintering in living moss, suggesting it is less stressful to overwinter in this\r\nsubstrate, perhaps due to a more defined structure affording less direct contact\r\nwith ice.\r\n4. Our results demonstrate that a realistic 2\u00b0C increase in winter microhabitat temperature\r\nreduces survival and causes energy deficits that have implications for subsequent\r\ndevelopment and reproduction. While our Warm winter scenario was close tothe range of observed overwintering temperatures for this species, warmer winters\r\nare expected to become more common in response to climate change. Conversely,\r\nif climate change reduces the length of winter, some of the negative consequences\r\nof winter warming may be attenuated, so it will be important to consider this factor\r\nin future studies. Nonetheless, our results indicate that winter warming could\r\nnegatively impact cold-adapted insects such as the Antarctic midge.", "east": -60.616133, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.49145 -64.04433850000001)"], "keywords": "Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -62.681, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Devlin, Jack; Unfried, Laura; McCabe, Eleanor; Gantz, Josiah D.; Kawarasaki, Yuta; Elnitsky, Michael; Hotaling, Scott; Michel, Andrew; Convey, Peter; Hayward, Scott; Teets, Nicholas", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -65.407677, "title": "Simulated winter warming negatively impacts survival of Antarctica\u0027s only endemic insect", "uid": "601694", "west": -64.366767}, {"awards": "1643455 Enderlin, Ellyn; 1933764 Enderlin, Ellyn", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 06 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes manually-extracted iceberg geometries and meltwater fluxes from 2011-2022 WorldView digital elevation model time series for 15 study sites around Antarctica. Each file contains the coordinates, median surface elevation, density, volume, surface area, draft, and submerged area estimated for an iceberg on two different observation dates (specified in the file name). The submarine meltwater flux for each iceberg, calculated as the volume change over time corrected for surface mass balance processes and creep thinning between observation dates, is provided for each iceberg. Dates listed in file names are in YYYYMMDDhhmmss format. Site abbreviations in file names are as follows: BG = Blanchard Glacier, CG = Cadman Glacier, FG = Ferrigno Glacier, FI = Filchner Ice Shelf, HG = Heim Glacier, LA = Edgeworth Glacier (Larsen A tributary), LB = Cadman Glacier (Larsen B tributary), LG = Leonardo Glacier, MI = Mertz Ice Tongue, PT = Polar Times, RI = Ronne Ice Shelf, SG = Seller Glacier, TG = Thwaites Glacier, TI = Totten Ice Shelf, and WG = Widdowson Glacier.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Elevation; Glaciology; Iceberg; Meltwater; Submarine Melt", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Enderlin, Ellyn; Dickson, Adam; Miller, Emily; Dryak, Mariama; Oliver, Caitlin; Aberle, Rainey", "project_titles": "Antarctic Submarine Melt Variability from Remote Sensing of Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010210", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Submarine Melt Variability from Remote Sensing of Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Remotely-sensed iceberg geometries and meltwater fluxes", "uid": "601679", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1543537 Priscu, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains bulk sediment properties measurements from cores collected from Mercer Subglacial Lake by the SALSA project. Included are: physical properties (bulk density, mass water content, porosity, shear strength, particle size distribution, and mineralogy); carbon (inorganic and organic); iron (ascorbate- and dithionite-extractable); and sulfur (acid-volatile and chromium-reducible).", "east": -149.50134, "geometry": ["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon; Glacier; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Iron; Mercer Subglacial Lake; Mineralogy; Particle Size; Physical Properties; SALSA; Sediment Core; Sulfur; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica; Mercer Subglacial Lake; Mercer Subglacial Lake", "north": -84.640287, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Dore, John; Campbell, Timothy; Michaud, Alexander; Hawkings, Jon; Skidmore, Mark; Tranter, Martyn; Venturelli, Ryan A; Science Team, SALSA", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010119", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.640287, "title": "Discrete bulk sediment properties data from Mercer Subglacial Lake", "uid": "601661", "west": -149.50134}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"], "date_created": "Wed, 11 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset a CSV file containing the percentages of water (non-land) pixels within various sized buffers (100, 300, 3,000 and 10,000 m radii) buffers around fifteen sampling sites that were classified as being either Sea Ice or Cloud in the Antarctic Landsat Views collection housed within Esri\u2019s curated Living Atlas of the world which is a collection of ready-to-use global geographic content. The encompass a portion of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. This dataset was developed in support of projects ANT-1744550, -744570, -1744584, and -1744602.", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; GIS; LANDSAT; LMG1904; Remote Sensing; R/v Laurence M. Gould", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Landsat Sea Ice/Cloud classifications surrounding project study sites", "uid": "601654", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"], "date_created": "Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This cvs dataset contains time series of sea ice concentrations from four remote sensing derived products \u2013 the Sea Ice Index (Sea Ice Index), AMSR2 and AMSR-E, and National Ice Center NIC Charts. The dataset consists of the daily (or weekly in the case of NIC) timeseries for the available period of record beginning in 1979 for the Sea Ice Index and extending until April 1, 2019. The sea ice concentrations were extracted from the nearest corresponding pixels from the fifteen study sites associated with visited by projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602 during ARSV Laurence M. Gould cruise LMG 19-04 in April and May 2019. In addition to the original time series, five-year annual means starting on April 1st are computed for the Sea Ice Index, AMSR2 and NIC datasets all of which covered the 2014-2019 period. These five-year means include both annual and summer (October-February).", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; LMG1904; R/v Laurence M. Gould; Sea Ice Concentration", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Sea Ice Concentration Timeseries for study sites", "uid": "601642", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"], "date_created": "Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This csv dataset contains diffuse attenuation coefficients (units: m-1) from the Visible Infrared Imaging Radiometer Suite (VIIRS) Kd(490) product. The values are from the nearest corresponding pixels from the fifteen study sites associated with visited by projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602 during ARSV Laurence M. Gould cruise LMG 19-04 in April and May 2019. \r\nThese attenuation coefficients were generated by the NOAA CoastWatch/OceanWatch program. They are remote sensing estimates of diffuse attenuation coefficients at a 490 nm wavelength in for approximately 4x4 km cells using the algorithm described in (Wang et al., 2017).\r\nThe dataset includes January-February-March (JFM), October-November-December (OND) as well as October to March averages for each site. OND averages are not available for all sites and therefore are not included in the October-March averages. An indication of the distance from the site to the nearest pixel with a Kd(490) observation is noted.\r\nWang, M., X. Liu, L. Jiang, and S. Son. 2017. Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document (ATBD), The VIIRS Ocean Color Products, Algorithm Theoretical Basis Document Version 1.0.", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Diffuse Attenuation Coefficient; LMG1904; R/v Laurence M. Gould; Turbidity", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "VIIRS KD(490) diffuse attenuation coefficients for study sites", "uid": "601640", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1933764 Enderlin, Ellyn", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-63.1 -65.2,-62.99 -65.2,-62.88 -65.2,-62.77 -65.2,-62.660000000000004 -65.2,-62.55 -65.2,-62.44 -65.2,-62.33 -65.2,-62.22 -65.2,-62.11 -65.2,-62 -65.2,-62 -65.24000000000001,-62 -65.28,-62 -65.32,-62 -65.36,-62 -65.4,-62 -65.44,-62 -65.47999999999999,-62 -65.52,-62 -65.56,-62 -65.6,-62.11 -65.6,-62.22 -65.6,-62.33 -65.6,-62.44 -65.6,-62.55 -65.6,-62.660000000000004 -65.6,-62.77 -65.6,-62.88 -65.6,-62.99 -65.6,-63.1 -65.6,-63.1 -65.56,-63.1 -65.52,-63.1 -65.47999999999999,-63.1 -65.44,-63.1 -65.4,-63.1 -65.36,-63.1 -65.32,-63.1 -65.28,-63.1 -65.24000000000001,-63.1 -65.2))"], "date_created": "Mon, 24 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains observed and modeled conditions along the Crane Glacier centerline for ~1994\u20142100. Observations include centerline (cl) coordinates, downscaled RACMO climate variables (runoff, snowfall, snowmelt, and surface mass balance), bed elevations (b), surface elevations (h), glacier width (W), calving front positions (xcf), and surface speeds (U) when available for the 1994\u20142019 period. Modeling results include glacier centerline geometry, speed, glacier mass discharge (Q_gl), and calving front and grounding line positions (x_cf and x_gl) under different future climate scenarios with varying surface mass balance (SMB), ocean thermal forcing (FT), SMB with potential feedbacks associated with enhanced surface melt water discharge and plume strengthening (SMB_enh), and concurrent SMB_enh and FT perturbations (SMB_enh_FT). Data are in \u201c.mat\u201d format, which can be read using MATLAB\u2019s \u201cload\u201d function or using Python with the Scipy \u201cscipy.io.loadmat\u201d function. ", "east": -62.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.55 -65.4)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Crane Glacier; Glacier Dynamics; Glacier Mass Discharge; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Modeling; Model Output", "locations": "Crane Glacier; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -65.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Aberle, Rainey; Enderlin, Ellyn; Marshall, Hans-Peter; Kopera, Michal; Meehan, Tate", "project_titles": "Antarctic Submarine Melt Variability from Remote Sensing of Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010210", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Submarine Melt Variability from Remote Sensing of Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.6, "title": "Crane Glacier centerline observations and modeling results ", "uid": "601617", "west": -63.1}, {"awards": "1844793 Aksoy, Mustafa", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes density, temperature, grain size, and layer thickness measurements collected from various projects available on USAP-DC. Depth listings were recalculated to reflect measurements from the surface of the ice to the deep ice if they were not listed as such in the original dataset. Non-linear least-squares regression was performed on the data to find parameters to existing depth-dependent density and grain size models and the regression results are provided in this dataset. Data is made available in MATLAB and XLSX files. See \u201cinsituData_readMe\u201d for more details.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Ice Sheet", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Aksoy, Mustafa; Kaurejo, Dua; Kar, Rahul", "project_titles": "Characterization of Antarctic Firn by Multi-Frequency Passive Remote Sensing from Space", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010206", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Characterization of Antarctic Firn by Multi-Frequency Passive Remote Sensing from Space"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "In-Situ Density, Temperature, Grain Size, and Layer Thickness data for the Antarctic Ice Sheet", "uid": "601551", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1844793 Aksoy, Mustafa", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This MATLAB dataset includes brightness temperatures measured by AMSR2 and SSMIS from 01/01/2020 to 06/30/2021 over the Concordia and Vostok Stations as well as the entire Antarctic Ice Sheet. Vertically and horizontally polarized GPM SSMIS/AMSR2 common intercalibrated brightness temperatures at 10.65 GHz, 18.7 GHz, 19.35 GHz, 23.8 GHz, 36.5 GHz, 37 GHz, 89 GHz, and 91.655 GHz averaged over 0.25-degree x 0.25-degree grid cells are stored. In addition, AMSR2 measurements at 6.9 GHz and 7.3 GHz in both polarizations are included. Please read the text file \u201csatData_readMe.txt\u201d for more details. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Ice Sheet; Satellite; Vostok", "locations": "Vostok; Antarctica; Antarctic Ice Sheet", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Aksoy, Mustafa; Kaurejo, Dua; Kar, Rahul", "project_titles": "Characterization of Antarctic Firn by Multi-Frequency Passive Remote Sensing from Space", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010206", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Characterization of Antarctic Firn by Multi-Frequency Passive Remote Sensing from Space"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Antarctic Firn Brightness Temperatures Measured by AMSR2 and SSMIS (Concordia, Vostok, and the Entire Ice Sheet)", "uid": "601550", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1643877 Friedlaender, Ari", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-65 -62,-64.5 -62,-64 -62,-63.5 -62,-63 -62,-62.5 -62,-62 -62,-61.5 -62,-61 -62,-60.5 -62,-60 -62,-60 -62.4,-60 -62.8,-60 -63.2,-60 -63.6,-60 -64,-60 -64.4,-60 -64.8,-60 -65.2,-60 -65.6,-60 -66,-60.5 -66,-61 -66,-61.5 -66,-62 -66,-62.5 -66,-63 -66,-63.5 -66,-64 -66,-64.5 -66,-65 -66,-65 -65.6,-65 -65.2,-65 -64.8,-65 -64.4,-65 -64,-65 -63.6,-65 -63.2,-65 -62.8,-65 -62.4,-65 -62))"], "date_created": "Wed, 23 Mar 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains motion-sensing and video recording data from CATS biologging tags deployed on Antarctic minke whales in 2018 and 2019. The data are used to determine underwater behavior and link foraging rates to environmental covariates to better understand the ecological role of this poorly known krill predator. Specifically, we are interested in how the presence and amount of ice affects the behavior of this species in the nearshore waters on the western side of the Antarctic Peninsula, a region experiencing rapid climate change.", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.5 -64)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biologging; Foraging; Ice; Minke Whales", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Friedlaender, Ari", "project_titles": "Foraging Behavior and Ecological Role of the Least Studied Antarctic Krill Predator, the Antarctic Minke Whale (Balaenoptera Bonaerensis)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010207", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Foraging Behavior and Ecological Role of the Least Studied Antarctic Krill Predator, the Antarctic Minke Whale (Balaenoptera Bonaerensis)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -66.0, "title": "Motion-sensing biologging data from Antarctic minke whales, West Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "601542", "west": -65.0}, {"awards": "2039432 Grapenthin, Ronni; 1643952 Grapenthin, Ronni; 1917149 Grapenthin, Ronni", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166 -77.1,166.39 -77.1,166.78 -77.1,167.17 -77.1,167.56 -77.1,167.95 -77.1,168.34 -77.1,168.73 -77.1,169.12 -77.1,169.51 -77.1,169.9 -77.1,169.9 -77.18,169.9 -77.26,169.9 -77.34,169.9 -77.42,169.9 -77.5,169.9 -77.58,169.9 -77.66,169.9 -77.74,169.9 -77.82,169.9 -77.9,169.51 -77.9,169.12 -77.9,168.73 -77.9,168.34 -77.9,167.95 -77.9,167.56 -77.9,167.17 -77.9,166.78 -77.9,166.39 -77.9,166 -77.9,166 -77.82,166 -77.74,166 -77.66,166 -77.58,166 -77.5,166 -77.42,166 -77.34,166 -77.26,166 -77.18,166 -77.1))"], "date_created": "Fri, 03 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "We use NASA\u0027s Jet Propulsion Laboratory\u0027s (JPL) GipsyX software in PPP mode with ambiguity resolution \r\napplied to 24 hour segments of data to generate daily position solutions. We use JPL\u0027s orbit and\r\nclock products and International GNSS Service (IGS) antenna phase center models. Where available, \r\nwe use JPL\u0027s second order ionospheric corrections, otherwise we fall back on those provided by the \r\nIGS. To correct tropospheric delays, we use the GPT2 model as implemented in GipsyX. Ocean tidal \r\nloading corrections utilize the TPXO7.2 and ATLAS model, a combination of hydrodynamic model and \r\naltimetry data, with respect to Earth\u0027s Center of Mass implemented in SPOTL. We obtain position \r\nsolutions for each station day in a fiducial-free reference frame, which we then transform into \r\nthe 2014 International Reference Frame using JPL\u0027s transformation coefficients and generate\r\ntimeseries of position change relative to the first epoch, given in the *.series files which \r\nare ASCII files with the following columns:\r\n\r\ndecimal year\r\ndisplacement east (m)\r\ndisplacement north (m)\r\ndisplacement up (m) \r\nsigma east (m)\r\nsigma north (m)\r\nsigma up (m)\r\neast-north covariance\r\neast-up covariance\r\nnorth-up covariance\r\nYear (YYYY)\r\nMonth (MM)\r\nDay (DD)\r\nHour (hh)\r\nMinute (mm)\r\nSecond (ss)\r\nSolution path\r\n \r\nWe generate position time series relative to stable Antarctic plate by removing the plate velocities \r\nmodeled by Argus et al (2010). These are provided in the *.npy files that be readily read into \r\npython scripts:\r\n\r\npos_ts = np.load(\u0027test.npy\u0027).flatten()[0]\r\n\r\npos_ts[\u0027itrf\u0027] provides the ITRF data as above\r\npos_ts[\u0027plate\u0027] provides the data with Antarctic plate motion removed. ", "east": 169.9, "geometry": ["POINT(167.95 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; GPS; Mount Erebus; Ross Island", "locations": "Ross Island; Ross Island; Antarctica; Mount Erebus", "north": -77.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Grapenthin, Ronni", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Multi-Parameter Geophysical Constraints on Volcano Dynamics of Mt. Erebus and Ross Island, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010255", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Multi-Parameter Geophysical Constraints on Volcano Dynamics of Mt. Erebus and Ross Island, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.9, "title": "Erebus GPS timeseries ", "uid": "601471", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "1644196 Cziko, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Long-term images taken by the camera from the McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory mooring in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica during its 2-year deployment (2017-2019). The mooring was situated at the seawater terminus of the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty at 21 m deep, typically under thick sea ice cover. The automated 360\u00b0 pan-tilt-zoom (ptz) camera, inside of an air-filled self-cleaning dome, was programmed to move to 42 ptz \"waypoints\" every hour and take a still 1920x1080 JPG image for archiving. Lights, oriented in one direction only, illuminated a rock/rubble slope for much of each winter, when there was no natural illumination. The camera was situated on a concrete block, which elevated the camera about 1m off of the seabed. Motile and sessile benthic biota, including notothenioid fishes, anemones, pycnogonids, asteroids, soft-corals, sponges, and nudibranchs are commonly seen in the images. Some ptz waypoints survey the water column and underside of the sea ice, capturing also the presence of larval/juvenile fishes and other plankton/nekton in the water column. Maximum intervals between subsequent images from the same ptz waypoint were about 1 hour, though many waypoints were captured at somewhat higher frequency. Interval images, taken at 5-min intervals irrespective of camera orientation, were also captured. Images are occasionally obscured/impacted by the camera dome\u0027s wiper, darkness, low visibility, minor fouling of the camera dome, and out-of-focus lens elements. ", "east": 166.6645, "geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic Ecology; Benthic Invertebrates; Biota; McMurdo Sound; Notothenioid; Notothenioid Fishes; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Rocky Reef Community; Soft-Bottom Community; Timelaps Images", "locations": "Antarctica; McMurdo Sound", "north": -77.851, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Cziko, Paul", "project_titles": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010147", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.851, "title": "Long-term underwater images from around a single mooring site in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)", "uid": "601417", "west": 166.6645}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-58 -62)"], "date_created": "Mon, 21 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Surface spectra of red and green snow algae were collected at two sites on King George Island (KGI), the largest of the South Shetland Islands, and one site on northern Nelson Island (NI), southwest of KGI in January 2018. Optically thick (\u003e 30cm) snow packs were prioritized for spectral albedo data acquisition and corresponding snow algae sampling in order to minimize the impact of the underlying ground on spectral albedo. Sites were also selected based on where it was possible to sample 1) a control site with relatively clean snow having no visible snow algae 2) green snow algae, 3) red snow algae and 4) mixed-phase green and red algae. At each site, duplicates of each snow type were measured with the spectrometer (except at Nelson Island where only one Mixed site was observed). All samples were collected around noon local Chilean time, when the seasonal snow pack was also receiving the most incoming solar radiation. Spectral reflectance measurements were collected with an Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) FieldSpec\u00ae 4 hyperspectral spectroradiometer (Malvern Panalytical, USA) between 350 and 2500 nm. The sensor was equipped with a light-diffusing fore optic remote cosine receptor (RCR) to measure planar irradiance. We selected three different locations and collected spectral measurements for two samples each of green, red, and mixed snow algae patches, and two algae-free or \u201cclean\u201d snow areas, for a total of 24 measurement sites (2 of each of the 4 types across the 3 sites). Areas with snowmelt ponding were avoided. The RCR was placed upward to collect the downwelling planar irradiance incident upon the snow surface (Ed) and the upwelling planar irradiance reflected from the snow (Eu). Measurements were collected in triplicate. The operator was located in a direction 90 - 135\u00ba away from the sun to minimize solar glint and self-shadowing. Snow conditions did not allow for a tripod, so nadir orientation was determined by practice with a level and by visual assistance of an observer. Since the measurements were carried out under heavily overcast conditions where irradiance is dominated by the diffuse insolation with no solar azimuthal dependence, the influence of slight tilt when measuring the downwelling irradiance (i.e. the cosine error) is expected to be minor (\u003c0.5%). The reflectance measurements were taken prior to excavation of snow sample for laboratory analysis. Post-processing of the data involved computing spectral reflectance, as the ratio of the upwelling flux normalized to the downwelling flux for each wavelength. The mean of the three measurements was calculated for each site. Ambient light conditions were too low in the short-wave infrared wavelengths for getting adequate signal-to-noise for our measurements. In post-processing, reflectance values were truncated at 1350 nm for this analysis. This value represents the limit often used for RF calculations in other studies. In addition, empirical correction coefficients were used to correct for temperature related radiometric inter-channel steps using the procedure and MATLAB code from Hueni et al. (2017). This removed the step function near 1000 nm for most of the spectra, although not fully for all spectra. However, this discontinuity does not significantly impact results or albedo calculations. Albedo was calculated as the integrated R in two different intervals: visible (400-700 nm) and infrared (700-1300 nm). ", "east": -58.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-58 -62)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; South Shetland Islands", "locations": "Antarctica; South Shetland Islands", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Khan, Alia", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -62.0, "title": "Red and Green Snow Algae Surface Spectra", "uid": "601412", "west": -58.0}, {"awards": "1341602 Crockett, Elizabeth; 1341663 O\u0027Brien, Kristin", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 18 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Icefishes characteristically lack the oxygen-binding protein haemoglobin and therefore are especially reliant on cardiovascular regulation to augment oxygen transport when oxygen demand increases, such as during activity and warming. Using both in vivo and in vitro experiments, we evaluated the roles for adrenaline and adenosine, two well-established cardio- and vasoactive molecules, in regulating the cardiovascular system of the blackfin icefish, Chaenocephalus aceratus. Despite increasing cardiac contractility (increasing twitch force and contraction kinetics in isometric myocardial strip preparations) and accelerating heart rate (\u0192H), adrenaline (5 nmol kg-1 bolus intra-arterial injection) did not significantly increase cardiac output (Q\u0307) in vivo because it elicited a large decrease in vascular conductance (Gsys). In contrast, and despite preliminary data suggesting a direct negative inotropic effect of adenosine on isolated atria and little effect on isolated ventricle strips, adenosine (500 nmol kg-1) generated a large increase in Q\u0307 by increasing Gsys, a change reminiscent of that previously reported during both acute warming and invoked activity. Our data thus illustrate how Q\u0307 in C. aceratus may be much more dependent on peripheral control of vasomotor tone than direct regulation of the heart. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Joyce, Michael; Axelsson, Michael; Farrell, Anthony; Egginton, Stuart; O\u0027Brien, Kristin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Physiological and Biochemical Underpinnings of Thermal Tolerance in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010084", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Physiological and Biochemical Underpinnings of Thermal Tolerance in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Adrenergic and adenosinergic regulation of the cardiovascular system in the Antarctic icefish Chaenocephalus aceratus", "uid": "601409", "west": null}, {"awards": "0941678 ; 0424589 Gogineni, S. Prasad; 0733025 Blankenship, Donald; 1443690 Young, Duncan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((114 -74,115.2 -74,116.4 -74,117.6 -74,118.8 -74,120 -74,121.2 -74,122.4 -74,123.6 -74,124.8 -74,126 -74,126 -74.3,126 -74.6,126 -74.9,126 -75.2,126 -75.5,126 -75.8,126 -76.1,126 -76.4,126 -76.7,126 -77,124.8 -77,123.6 -77,122.4 -77,121.2 -77,120 -77,118.8 -77,117.6 -77,116.4 -77,115.2 -77,114 -77,114 -76.7,114 -76.4,114 -76.1,114 -75.8,114 -75.5,114 -75.2,114 -74.9,114 -74.6,114 -74.3,114 -74))"], "date_created": "Fri, 18 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The data set published here consists of 26 ice-penetrating radar IRHs (internal reflecting horizons) which were traced across multiple ice-penetrating radar surveys that deployed several generations of modern ice-penetrating radar sounders over a decade, between 2008 and 2018, over the Dome C region of the East Antarctic Plateau. The data set is associated to publication: Cavitte, M. G. P, Young, D. A, Mulvaney, R., Ritz, C., Greenbaum, J. S., Ng, G., Kempf, S. D., Quartini, E., Muldoon, G. R., Paden, J., Frezzotti, M., Roberts, J. L. , Tozer, C. R. , Schroeder, D. M. and Blankenship, D. D. A detailed radiostratigraphic data set for the central East Antarctic Plateau spanning from the Holocene to the mid-Pleistocene, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4759\u20134777, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4759-2021.\r\n\r\nWe can subdivide the radar sounders used into three sets. The primary set was collected by the University of Texas at Austin Institute for Geophysics (UTIG) and the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) as part of the ICECAP project) between 2008 and 2015. This includes the Oldest Ice candidate A (OIA) survey flown by ICECAP in January 2016. Data were collected with the High Capacity Airborne Radar Sounder (HiCARS) 1 \u0026 2 and its Multifrequency Airborne Radar-sounder for Full-phase Assessment (MARFA) descendant. The data was collected from a DC-3T Basler which operated from Concordia Station. \r\n\r\nThe second set consists of the Vostok-Dome C airborne radar transect was flown by the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) at the University of Kansas using the Multi-Channel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS) in a single flight line in 2013. A P-3 Orion operating from McMurdo Station collected these data as part of NASA Operation Ice Bridge. \r\n\r\nThe third set consists of a subset of the LDC ground-based radar survey, towed behind a PistenBully PB300 tractor, collected by the Beyond EPICA - Oldest Ice (BE-OI) European Consortium using the British Antarctic Survey\u2019s (BAS) Deep Looking Radio Echo Sounder (DELORES) radar system. Each IRH has been traced in all three radar sets and is published here as a single csv and netcdf file. Formats are self-documented in these csv/netcdf files. \r\n\r\nWhere HiCARS and MCoRDS radar transects are used, the IRH is provided at a 1 km spatial resolution, where DELORES radar transects are used, the IRH is provided at a 250 m spatial resolution. \r\n\r\nThe 26 IRHs published here were traced semi-automatically by first author Marie Cavitte, using Landmark\u0027s Decision Space Desktop software and its built-in picker. \r\n\r\nThe IRHs are dated at the EDC ice core using the AICC2012 timescale (Veres et al., 2013; Bazin et al., 2013). \r\n\r\nIce core ages are transferred onto the IRHs on radar transect MCM/JKB1a/EDMC01a at distance_m (column in the data sets) = 110.153 m along the transect. That radar point of closest approach is 94\u2009m away from the ice core site. Depth and age uncertainties associated to each IRH are quantified n the associated publication: Cavitte, M. G. P, Young, D. A, Mulvaney, R., Ritz, C., Greenbaum, J. S., Ng, G., Kempf, S. D., Quartini, E., Muldoon, G. R., Paden, J., Frezzotti, M., Roberts, J. L. , Tozer, C. R. , Schroeder, D. M. and Blankenship, D. D. A detailed radiostratigraphic data set for the central East Antarctic Plateau spanning from the Holocene to the mid-Pleistocene, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4759\u20134777, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4759-2021. \r\n\n\r\n\r\nBesides NSF this dataset is the result of additional support from NERC grant - NE/D003733/1, NASA grants - NX08AN68G, NNX09AR52G, NNX11AD33G, NNX13AD53A, and funding from the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation.\n\n\\nNote that the dataset was archived before the accompanying paper was officially published. The abstract and dataset description has been updated to cite the correct reference to the ESSD paper (Cavitte et al., 2021) after the paper was published. The headers of the actual data files contain only a placeholder to this reference.", "east": 126.0, "geometry": ["POINT(120 -75.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; East Antarctic Plateau; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; ICECAP; Ice Penetrating Radar; Internal Reflecting Horizons", "locations": "Antarctica; East Antarctic Plateau", "north": -74.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Cavitte, Marie G. P; Young, Duncan A.; Mulvaney, Robert; Ritz, Catherine; Greenbaum, Jamin; Ng, Gregory; Kempf, Scott D.; Quartini, Enrica; Muldoon, Gail R.; Paden, John; Frezzotti, Massimo; Roberts, Jason; Tozer, Carly; Schroeder, Dustin; Blankenship, Donald D.", "project_titles": "Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS); Collaborative Research: Southern Plateau Ice-sheet Characterization and Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (SPICECAP); IPY Research: Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000719", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "IPY Research: Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP)"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000102", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS)"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010115", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Southern Plateau Ice-sheet Characterization and Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (SPICECAP)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Dome C Ice Core", "south": -77.0, "title": "Ice-penetrating radar internal stratigraphy over Dome C and the wider East Antarctic Plateau", "uid": "601411", "west": 114.0}, {"awards": "1542885 Dunham, Eric; 1656518 Gumport, Patricia", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Mon, 11 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "We quantify sliding stability and rupture styles for a horizontal interface between an elastic layer and stiffer elastic half-space with a free surface on top and rate-and-state friction on the interface. Specific motivation (and model parameters) comes from quasi-periodic slow slip events on the Whillans Ice Plain in West Antarctica. We quantify the influence of layer thickness on sliding stability, specifically whether steady loading of the system produces steady sliding or sequences of stick-slip events. This dataset contains input files from different parts of parameter space to demonstrate different styles of slip (steady sliding, slow slip sequences, and fast slip sequences).", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Computer Model; Glaciology; Model Data; Shear Stress; Solid Earth; Whillans Ice Stream", "locations": "Whillans Ice Stream; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Abrahams, Lauren", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Characterizing Brittle Failure and Fracture Propagation in Fast Ice Sliding with Dynamic Rupture Models based on Whillans Ice Stream Seismic/Geodetic Data", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010138", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Characterizing Brittle Failure and Fracture Propagation in Fast Ice Sliding with Dynamic Rupture Models based on Whillans Ice Stream Seismic/Geodetic Data"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Earthquake Sequence Dynamics at the Interface Between an Elastic Layer and Underlying Half-Space in Antiplane Shear", "uid": "601320", "west": null}, {"awards": "9896041 Padman, Laurence; 1443677 Padman, Laurence", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -40.231,-144 -40.231,-108 -40.231,-72 -40.231,-36 -40.231,0 -40.231,36 -40.231,72 -40.231,108 -40.231,144 -40.231,180 -40.231,180 -45.2079,180 -50.1848,180 -55.1617,180 -60.1386,180 -65.1155,180 -70.0924,180 -75.0693,180 -80.0462,180 -85.0231,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -85.0231,-180 -80.0462,-180 -75.0693,-180 -70.0924,-180 -65.1155,-180 -60.1386,-180 -55.1617,-180 -50.1848,-180 -45.2079,-180 -40.231))"], "date_created": "Thu, 19 Dec 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "CATS2008 is a regional inverse barotropic tide model for the circum-Antarctic ocean on a 4 km grid. The model domain includes ocean cavities under the floating ice shelves. The coastline is based on the MODIS MOA [Scambos et al., 2007; Remote Sensing of Environment] feature identification files, adjusted to match ICESat-derived grounding lines for the Ross and Filchner-Ronne ice shelves and Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar (InSAR) grounding lines. The water depth map for open water is based on the 2007 release update to Smith and Sandwell [1997; Science]. Adjustments to this map have been made in various regions, including the open continental shelf in front of the Larsen-C Ice Shelf which has been blended with GEBCO bathymetry.\r\n\nModel type: Tides only; Inverse (data assimilation); barotropic (no vertical variation of currents). \nGrid: 4-km uniform polar stereographic (centered at 71 degrees S, 70 degrees W) \nConstituents: M2, S2, N2, K2, K1, O1, P1, Q1, Mf, Mm. \nUnits: z (sea surface height; meters); u,v (currents; cm/s); U,V (transports; m2/s). \nCoordinates: Currents (u, v) and depth-integrated transports (U, V) are given as East (u, U) and North (v, V) components. \nCitation: \"\u2026 an update to the inverse model described by Padman et al. [2002].\" \n\nSee CATS2008_README.pdf for further details.\r", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Inverse Modeling; Model Data; Ocean Currents; Sea Surface; Tidal Models; Tides", "locations": "Antarctica; Sea Surface", "north": -40.231, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Howard, Susan L.; Padman, Laurence; Erofeeva, Svetlana", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE); Ocean Tides around Antarctica and in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010116", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ocean Tides around Antarctica and in the Southern Ocean"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010035", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "CATS2008: Circum-Antarctic Tidal Simulation version 2008", "uid": "601235", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1443346 Stone, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-174 -84.5,-172.4 -84.5,-170.8 -84.5,-169.2 -84.5,-167.6 -84.5,-166 -84.5,-164.4 -84.5,-162.8 -84.5,-161.2 -84.5,-159.6 -84.5,-158 -84.5,-158 -84.63,-158 -84.76,-158 -84.89,-158 -85.02,-158 -85.15,-158 -85.28,-158 -85.41,-158 -85.54,-158 -85.67,-158 -85.8,-159.6 -85.8,-161.2 -85.8,-162.8 -85.8,-164.4 -85.8,-166 -85.8,-167.6 -85.8,-169.2 -85.8,-170.8 -85.8,-172.4 -85.8,-174 -85.8,-174 -85.67,-174 -85.54,-174 -85.41,-174 -85.28,-174 -85.15,-174 -85.02,-174 -84.89,-174 -84.76,-174 -84.63,-174 -84.5))"], "date_created": "Thu, 21 Nov 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains measurements of cosmic-ray-produced Be-10 in quartz from glacial erratics and bedrock at sites along and adjacent to Liv Glacier and Amundsen Glacier in the southern Transantarctic Mountains. Samples were collected during the 2016-17 and 2017-18 field seasons working from remote camps along the coast. Locations were determined by hand-held GPS. Elevations are based on barometric altimetry corrected for daily drift and referenced to precise (geodetic) GPS benchmarks established over a range of altitudes at each site. Horizon geometry and the resulting topographic shielding of the cosmic ray flux was determined from vertically-oriented full-sky (fisheye) photographs at each sample location. Samples were processed at the University of Washington Cosmogenic Nuclide Laboratory using established procedures for mineral separation, dissolution, beryllium extraction and purification, described at http://depts.washington.edu/cosmolab/chem.shtml. Beryllium isotope ratios were measured at the Lawrence Livermore Center for Accelerator Mass Spectrometry (LLNL-CAMS) relative to the KNSTD-Be-01-5-4 standard, assuming a standard Be-10/Be-9 ratio of 2.851E-12 (07KNSTD normalization). Data are reported as input for the online CRONUS cosmogenic nuclide calculator (V3, current at the time of submission in November 2019). Exposure ages can be obtained by entering the data into the CRONUS calculator, at: http://hess.ess.washington.edu/math/v3/v3_age_in.html .\r\nData for each sample consists of two lines of input parameters, as follows:\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\r\n{Sample_name, Latitude (DD), Longitude (DD), Altitude (m asl), Scaling_function, Thickness (cm), Density (g/cm^3), Horizon_correction, Erosion_rate (cm/yr), Year_sampled}\r\n{Sample_name, Nuclide (in this case Be-10), Target_mineral (quartz), Be-10_concentration (atom/g), Error_Be-10_concentration (atom/g), Normalization}\r\nFurther information about the V3 input format is given at:\r\nhttp://hess.ess.washington.edu/math/docs/v3/v3_input_explained.html", "east": -158.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-166 -85.15)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Be-10; Beryllium-10; Cosmogenic; Cosmogenic Dating; Cosmogenic Radionuclides; Deglaciation; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Liv Glacier; Rocks; Ross Ice Sheet; Surface Exposure Dates; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Liv Glacier; Transantarctic Mountains; Ross Ice Sheet; Antarctica", "north": -84.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Stone, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: High-resolution Reconstruction of Holocene Deglaciation in the Southern Ross Embayment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010053", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: High-resolution Reconstruction of Holocene Deglaciation in the Southern Ross Embayment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -85.8, "title": "Cosmogenic nuclide data from glacial deposits along the Liv Glacier coast", "uid": "601226", "west": -174.0}, {"awards": "1341339 Baker, Bill", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.03 -64.254,-64.0286 -64.254,-64.0272 -64.254,-64.0258 -64.254,-64.0244 -64.254,-64.023 -64.254,-64.0216 -64.254,-64.0202 -64.254,-64.0188 -64.254,-64.0174 -64.254,-64.016 -64.254,-64.016 -64.2543,-64.016 -64.2546,-64.016 -64.2549,-64.016 -64.2552,-64.016 -64.2555,-64.016 -64.2558,-64.016 -64.2561,-64.016 -64.2564,-64.016 -64.2567,-64.016 -64.257,-64.0174 -64.257,-64.0188 -64.257,-64.0202 -64.257,-64.0216 -64.257,-64.023 -64.257,-64.0244 -64.257,-64.0258 -64.257,-64.0272 -64.257,-64.0286 -64.257,-64.03 -64.257,-64.03 -64.2567,-64.03 -64.2564,-64.03 -64.2561,-64.03 -64.2558,-64.03 -64.2555,-64.03 -64.2552,-64.03 -64.2549,-64.03 -64.2546,-64.03 -64.2543,-64.03 -64.254))"], "date_created": "Wed, 09 Oct 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Samples of the red alga Plocamium cartilagineum were collected from the area around Palmer Station, Antarctica, and characterized by gas chromatography for their secondary metabolite content. Patterns in secondary metabolite content were used to establish chemical phenotypes (chemotypes).", "east": -64.016, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.023 -64.2555)"], "keywords": "Algae; Antarctica; Biota; Chemical Ecology; Chemotyping; Halogenated Monoterpenes; Natural Products; Oceans; Palmer Station; Plocamium Cartilagineum; Southern Ocean; Terpenes", "locations": "Palmer Station; Palmer Station; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -64.254, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Baker, Bill", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010016", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Chemical Ecology of Shallow-water Marine Macroalgae and Invertebrates on the Antarctic Peninsula - continuing"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.257, "title": "Plocamium cartilagineum field chemotyping", "uid": "601215", "west": -64.03}, {"awards": "1743326 Kingslake, Jonathan", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 22 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "In February 2018, we hosted a workshop on Antarctic Surface Hydrology and Future Ice-shelf Stability at Lamont-Doherty Earth Observatory, Palisades, New York. Funding for the workshop was provided by the\r\nU.S. National Science Foundation (NSF) Antarctic Glaciology Program (award number: 1743326). The\r\naims of the workshop were to: (1) establish the state-of-the-science of Antarctic surface hydrology; (2)\r\nidentify key science questions raised by observations and theoretical studies of Antarctic surface\r\nhydrology, and (3) move the community toward answering these questions by bringing together scientists\r\nwith diverse expertise. The workshop was motivated by the premise that significant gains in our\r\nunderstanding can be made if researchers with interests in this field are provided with an opportunity to\r\ncommunicate and develop collaborations across disciplines.\r\n\r\nHere we report on the organisation, attendance, and structure of the workshop, before summarizing key\r\nscience outcomes, research questions, and future priorities that emerged during the workshop within the\r\nfollowing four themes:\r\n1. Surface melting: controls and observations\r\n2. Water ponding and flow\r\n3. Impact of meltwater on ice-shelf stability\r\n4. Ice-sheet/climate modeling\r\n\r\nFinally, building on the emergent science questions, we propose a framework for prioritizing future work,\r\naimed at understanding and predicting the impact that surface meltwater will have on future Antarctic Ice\r\nSheet mass balance.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Hydrology; Ice Sheet Stability; Ice Shelf; Report; Workshop", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kingslake, Jonathan; Trusel, Luke; Banwell, Alison; Bell, Robin; Das, Indrani; DeConto, Robert; Tedesco, Marco; Lenaerts, Jan; Schoof, Christian", "project_titles": "Workshop on Antarctic Surface Hydrology and Future Ice-shelf Stability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010021", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Workshop on Antarctic Surface Hydrology and Future Ice-shelf Stability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Report on Antarctic surface hydrology workshop, LDEO, 2018", "uid": "601170", "west": null}, {"awards": "1758224 Salvatore, Mark", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -83,-177 -83,-174 -83,-171 -83,-168 -83,-165 -83,-162 -83,-159 -83,-156 -83,-153 -83,-150 -83,-150 -83.5,-150 -84,-150 -84.5,-150 -85,-150 -85.5,-150 -86,-150 -86.5,-150 -87,-150 -87.5,-150 -88,-153 -88,-156 -88,-159 -88,-162 -88,-165 -88,-168 -88,-171 -88,-174 -88,-177 -88,180 -88,177 -88,174 -88,171 -88,168 -88,165 -88,162 -88,159 -88,156 -88,153 -88,150 -88,150 -87.5,150 -87,150 -86.5,150 -86,150 -85.5,150 -85,150 -84.5,150 -84,150 -83.5,150 -83,153 -83,156 -83,159 -83,162 -83,165 -83,168 -83,171 -83,174 -83,177 -83,-180 -83))"], "date_created": "Fri, 15 Mar 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains reflectance spectra (350 - 2500 nm) of a range of rocks and sediments from the Central Transantarctic Mountains. Data were acquired using an Analytical Spectral Devices (ASD) FieldSpec4 high-resolution spectrometer under illumination with a high-output halogen bulb, with illumination and observation angles fixed at 0 and 30 degrees off-nadir, respectively. Data were acquired for the purposes of validation and \u0027ground truthing\u0027 of orbital multispectral data.", "east": -150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(180 -85.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Remote Sensing; Rocks; Solid Earth; Spectroscopy; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Antarctica; Transantarctic Mountains", "north": -83.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Salvatore, Mark", "project_titles": "EAGER: Surface Variability and Spectral Analyses of the Central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010020", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: Surface Variability and Spectral Analyses of the Central Transantarctic Mountains, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -88.0, "title": "Laboratory Hyperspectral Reflectance Data of Central Transantarctic Mountain Rocks and Sediments", "uid": "601163", "west": 150.0}, {"awards": "1341485 Woods, H. Arthur", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.666 -77.8499966)"], "date_created": "Sun, 06 Jan 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Data used in Lane, SJ, BW Tobalske, AL Moran, CM Shishido, HA Woods (2018) Costs of epibionts on Antarctic sea spiders. Marine Biology 165, 137 https://doi.org/10.1007/s00227-018-3389-9. Data sets include (1) measurements of drag on individual sea spiders with or without epibiotic barnacles and other fouling; (2) data on locomotion by fouled and unfouled sea spiders; (3) functional diffusion coefficients of oxygen through fouled and unfouled cuticle; and (4) levels of oxygen at the cuticle surface of fouled and unfouled individuals.", "east": 166.666, "geometry": ["POINT(166.666 -77.8499966)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Barnacles; Biota; Cuticle; Epibionts; Fouling; Grooming; Locomotion; Oxygen; Respiration", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.8499966, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Lane, Steven J.; Tobalske, Bret; Moran, Amy; Shishido, Caitlin; Woods, H. Arthur", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Body Size, Oxygen, and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Antarctic Pycnogonida", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000007", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Body Size, Oxygen, and Vulnerability to Climate Change in Antarctic Pycnogonida"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8499966, "title": "Physiological, biomechanical, and locomotory data on Antarctic sea spiders fouled and unfouled with epibionts", "uid": "601149", "west": 166.666}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Wed, 05 Sep 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "In this data set we present observations of locations of surface crevasses in Antarctica collected from satellite images for the period between 2011 and 2015 for 46 ice shelf regions.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Crevasses; Fractures; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Sheet; Ice Shelf; Satellite Remote Sensing", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Emetc, Veronika", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Location of surface crevasses in Antarctica", "uid": "601117", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1443733 Winsor, Peter", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-62.68 -64.72,-62.648 -64.72,-62.616 -64.72,-62.584 -64.72,-62.552 -64.72,-62.52 -64.72,-62.488 -64.72,-62.456 -64.72,-62.424 -64.72,-62.392 -64.72,-62.36 -64.72,-62.36 -64.74,-62.36 -64.76,-62.36 -64.78,-62.36 -64.8,-62.36 -64.82,-62.36 -64.84,-62.36 -64.86,-62.36 -64.88,-62.36 -64.9,-62.36 -64.92,-62.392 -64.92,-62.424 -64.92,-62.456 -64.92,-62.488 -64.92,-62.52 -64.92,-62.552 -64.92,-62.584 -64.92,-62.616 -64.92,-62.648 -64.92,-62.68 -64.92,-62.68 -64.9,-62.68 -64.88,-62.68 -64.86,-62.68 -64.84,-62.68 -64.82,-62.68 -64.8,-62.68 -64.78,-62.68 -64.76,-62.68 -64.74,-62.68 -64.72))"], "date_created": "Tue, 07 Aug 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes timelapse images from five cameras set up at four different locations in and just outside of Andvord Bay on the Western Antarctic Peninsula. The cameras were set up to track glacier ice motion, calving and tracking of ice bergs, and sea ice formation and melt. Two cameras (hi-res) were Canon Rebel DSLR in a timelapse system designed by Harbortronics; the remaining three cameras (lo-res) were from Campbell Scientific and were part of a weather station.", "east": -62.36, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.52 -64.82)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Iceberg; Photo; Photo/video; Photo/Video", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -64.72, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Truffer, Martin; Winsor, Peter", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Fjord Ecosystem Structure and Function on the West Antarctic Peninsula - Hotspots of Productivity and Biodiversity? (FjordEco)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010010", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Fjord Ecosystem Structure and Function on the West Antarctic Peninsula - Hotspots of Productivity and Biodiversity? (FjordEco)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "FjordEco", "south": -64.92, "title": "Andvord Bay Glacier Timelapse", "uid": "601111", "west": -62.68}, {"awards": "1246296 Yen, Jeannette", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 26 Jul 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "A portable tomographic particle image velocimetry (tomographic PIV) system is described. The system was successfully deployed in Antarctica to study shelled Antarctic pteropods (Limacina helicina antarctica) \u2013 a delicate organism with an unusual propulsion mechanism. The experimental setup consists of a free-standing frame assembled with optical rails, thus avoiding the need for heavy and bulky equipment (e.g. an optical table). The cameras, lasers, optics, and tanks are all rigidly supported within the frame assembly. The results indicate that the pteropods flap their parapodia (or \u201cwings\u201d) downward during both power and recovery strokes, which is facilitated by the pitching of their shell. Shell pitching significantly alters the flapping trajectory, allowing the pteropod to move vertically and/or horizontally. The pronation and supination of the parapodia, together with the figure eight motion during flapping, suggest similarities with insect flight. The volumetric velocity field surrounding the freely-swimming pteropod reveals the generation of an attached vortex ring connecting the leading edge vortex to the trailing edge vortex during power stroke, and a presence of a leading-edge vortex during recovery stroke. These vortex structures play a major role in accelerating the organism vertically and indicate that forces generated on the parapodia during flapping constitute both lift and drag. After completing each stroke, two vortex rings are shed into the wake of the pteropod. The complex combination of body kinematics (parapodia flapping, shell pitch, saw-tooth trajectory), flow structures, and resulting force balance may be significantly altered by thinning of the pteropod shell, thus making pteropods an indicator of the detrimental effects of ocean acidification.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Glaciology", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Adhikari, Deepak; Webster, Donald R; Yen, Jeannette", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Pteropod Swimming Behavior as a Bio Assay for Ocean Acidification", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000139", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Pteropod Swimming Behavior as a Bio Assay for Ocean Acidification"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Tomographic PIV measurements of swimming shelled Antarctic pteropod", "uid": "601108", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1443126 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.02819 -77.887495,166.053634 -77.887495,166.079078 -77.887495,166.104522 -77.887495,166.129966 -77.887495,166.15541 -77.887495,166.180854 -77.887495,166.206298 -77.887495,166.231742 -77.887495,166.257186 -77.887495,166.28263 -77.887495,166.28263 -77.8926145,166.28263 -77.897734,166.28263 -77.9028535,166.28263 -77.907973,166.28263 -77.9130925,166.28263 -77.918212,166.28263 -77.9233315,166.28263 -77.928451,166.28263 -77.9335705,166.28263 -77.93869,166.257186 -77.93869,166.231742 -77.93869,166.206298 -77.93869,166.180854 -77.93869,166.15541 -77.93869,166.129966 -77.93869,166.104522 -77.93869,166.079078 -77.93869,166.053634 -77.93869,166.02819 -77.93869,166.02819 -77.9335705,166.02819 -77.928451,166.02819 -77.9233315,166.02819 -77.918212,166.02819 -77.9130925,166.02819 -77.907973,166.02819 -77.9028535,166.02819 -77.897734,166.02819 -77.8926145,166.02819 -77.887495))"], "date_created": "Tue, 24 Jul 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Over 2 Austral summer periods in 2015/6 and 2016/17, up to 12 geodetic GPS receivers were deployed on the McMurdo Ice Shelf to study its vertical deflection in response to moving meltwater loads. (5 GPS were deployed in 2015/16, 12 in 2016/17.) The GPS receivers and antennas were supplied by UNAVCO and were Trimble NetR9\u2019s and Zephyr Geodetic, respectively. The GPS receivers were stationary for the entire field seasons (were never moved). Following each field season, the GPS data were processed using MIT software called TRACK, which is part of the GAMIT package. The UNAVCO-run base station at McMurdo Station, approximately 16 km away from the field area, was used as part of the processing.", "east": 166.28263, "geometry": ["POINT(166.15541 -77.9130925)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPS; Ice Flow Velocity; Ice Shelf; Ice-Shelf Flexure; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Surface Melt", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.887495, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "MacAyeal, Douglas; Banwell, Alison", "project_titles": "Impact of Supraglacial Lakes on Ice-Shelf Stability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000138", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Impact of Supraglacial Lakes on Ice-Shelf Stability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.93869, "title": "McMurdo Ice Shelf GPS survey of vertical motion", "uid": "601107", "west": 166.02819}, {"awards": "1141939 Lubin, Dan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.31 -77.5203,166.38265 -77.5203,166.4553 -77.5203,166.52795 -77.5203,166.6006 -77.5203,166.67325 -77.5203,166.7459 -77.5203,166.81855 -77.5203,166.8912 -77.5203,166.96385 -77.5203,167.0365 -77.5203,167.0365 -77.52527,167.0365 -77.53024,167.0365 -77.53521,167.0365 -77.54018,167.0365 -77.54515,167.0365 -77.55012,167.0365 -77.55509,167.0365 -77.56006,167.0365 -77.56503,167.0365 -77.57,166.96385 -77.57,166.8912 -77.57,166.81855 -77.57,166.7459 -77.57,166.67325 -77.57,166.6006 -77.57,166.52795 -77.57,166.4553 -77.57,166.38265 -77.57,166.31 -77.57,166.31 -77.56503,166.31 -77.56006,166.31 -77.55509,166.31 -77.55012,166.31 -77.54515,166.31 -77.54018,166.31 -77.53521,166.31 -77.53024,166.31 -77.52527,166.31 -77.5203))"], "date_created": "Tue, 12 Dec 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "In this project we made fundamental measurements of cloud optical and microphysical properties at Ross Island, Antarctica, using a versatile shortwave spectroradiometer (Panalytical, Inc.) acquired for atmospheric field research by the Scripps Institution of Oceanography (SIO). This instrument measures downwelling spectral irradiance at the Earth surface in the wavelength interval 350-2200 nm. From this data set one can retrieve properties of coastal Antarctic stratiform clouds including optical depth, thermodynamic phase, liquid water droplet effective radius, and ice cloud effective particle size. The instrument was installed at Arrival Heights, and measurements were made from 10 October 2012 to 4 February 2013. Spectral data recorded in one-minute averages, with some gaps for instrument maintenance and data backup, and some occasional down time when the site was inaccessible. Active satellite remote sensing data (CloudSat and CALIPSO) were used for validation and interpretation of the spectroradiometer retrievals (Scott and Lubin 2014).\r\n\t\r\n\t\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eThere are two reasons why this measurement program remains timely. One straightforward reason involves the location of McMurdo Station, which is the US Antarctic Programs air transport entry point to the continent. Improvements in our knowledge of atmospheric physics in this region can eventually lead to improvements in numerical weather forecasting relevant to aviation. A second reason involves the recent advances in cloud microphysics for global climate model simulation. Mixed-phase cloud parameterizations have become very sophisticated, requiring validation with each new improvement. Traditional observational test cases - from the Arctic or mid-latitude storm systems - are often quite complex. A coastal Antarctic site at very high latitudes can provide more straightforward cases for testing current microphysical parameterizations. Over Ross Island aerosol and cloud nucleation sources are essentially all natural and oceanic, and cloud geometry is simple, while at the same time there is abundant supercooled cloud liquid water.\r\n\t\r\n\t\u003cbr\u003e\u003cbr\u003eAncillary meteorological data from the McMurdo Weather Office are also included here for help in interpreting the spectroradiometer data, including rawinsonde profiles, surface weather observations from the active ice runway, and automated FMQ19 surface weather measurements from Williams Field and Pegasus runway. For interpretation of clear sky or nearly cloud-free irradiance spectra (i.e., when a large fraction of the irradiance is directional from the Sun and not diffused by clouds), we recommend consulting Meywerk and Ramanathan (1999) for information about the Panalytical instruments cosine response.", "east": 167.0365, "geometry": ["POINT(166.67325 -77.54515)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Radiosounding; Ross Island", "locations": "Ross Island; Antarctica", "north": -77.5203, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Lubin, Dan", "project_titles": "Antarctic Cloud Physics: Fundamental Observations from Ross Island", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000327", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Cloud Physics: Fundamental Observations from Ross Island"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.57, "title": "Shortwave Spectroradiometer Data from Ross Island, Antarctica", "uid": "601074", "west": 166.31}, {"awards": "0424589 Gogineni, S. Prasad", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((143 -74.2,155.9 -74.2,168.8 -74.2,181.7 -74.2,194.6 -74.2,207.5 -74.2,220.4 -74.2,233.3 -74.2,246.2 -74.2,259.1 -74.2,272 -74.2,272 -75.5,272 -76.8,272 -78.1,272 -79.4,272 -80.7,272 -82,272 -83.3,272 -84.6,272 -85.9,272 -87.2,259.1 -87.2,246.2 -87.2,233.3 -87.2,220.4 -87.2,207.5 -87.2,194.6 -87.2,181.7 -87.2,168.8 -87.2,155.9 -87.2,143 -87.2,143 -85.9,143 -84.6,143 -83.3,143 -82,143 -80.7,143 -79.4,143 -78.1,143 -76.8,143 -75.5,143 -74.2))"], "date_created": "Mon, 28 Aug 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The MCoRDS data set contains L1B Geolocated Radar Echo Strength Profile Images and L2 Ice Thickness, Ice Surface, and Ice Bottom elevations over Antarctica taken with the CReSIS Radar Depth Sounders (RDS). The L1B data set includes measurements for echograms, time, latitude, longitude, elevation, as well as flight path charts and echogram images.The L2 data set includes measurements for time, latitude, longitude, elevation, surface, bottom, and thickness.", "east": 272.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-152.5 -80.7)"], "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; MCoRDS; Navigation; Radar", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -74.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Paden, John; Leuschen, Carl; Rodriguez, Fernando; Li, Jilu; Allen, Chris; Gogineni, Prasad", "project_titles": "Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000102", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -87.2, "title": "Radar Depth Sounder Echograms and Ice Thickness", "uid": "601047", "west": 143.0}, {"awards": "0424589 Gogineni, S. Prasad", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163.9 -76.5,164.09 -76.5,164.28 -76.5,164.47 -76.5,164.66 -76.5,164.85 -76.5,165.04 -76.5,165.23 -76.5,165.42 -76.5,165.61 -76.5,165.8 -76.5,165.8 -76.57,165.8 -76.64,165.8 -76.71,165.8 -76.78,165.8 -76.85,165.8 -76.92,165.8 -76.99,165.8 -77.06,165.8 -77.13,165.8 -77.2,165.61 -77.2,165.42 -77.2,165.23 -77.2,165.04 -77.2,164.85 -77.2,164.66 -77.2,164.47 -77.2,164.28 -77.2,164.09 -77.2,163.9 -77.2,163.9 -77.13,163.9 -77.06,163.9 -76.99,163.9 -76.92,163.9 -76.85,163.9 -76.78,163.9 -76.71,163.9 -76.64,163.9 -76.57,163.9 -76.5))"], "date_created": "Mon, 28 Aug 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Snow Radar data set contains L1B Geolocated Radar Echo Strength Profiles over Antarctica taken with the CReSIS snow radar.\r\r\nThe L1B data set includes echograms with measurements for time, latitude, longitude, elevation, as well as flight path charts and echogram images.", "east": 165.8, "geometry": ["POINT(164.85 -76.85)"], "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Navigation; Radar; Snow", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -76.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Paden, John; Leuschen, Carl; Rodriguez, Fernando; Li, Jilu; Allen, Chris; Gogineni, Prasad", "project_titles": "Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000102", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.2, "title": "Snow Radar Echograms", "uid": "601049", "west": 163.9}, {"awards": "0424589 Gogineni, S. Prasad", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((143 -76.5,145.61 -76.5,148.22 -76.5,150.83 -76.5,153.44 -76.5,156.05 -76.5,158.66 -76.5,161.27 -76.5,163.88 -76.5,166.49 -76.5,169.1 -76.5,169.1 -77.07,169.1 -77.64,169.1 -78.21,169.1 -78.78,169.1 -79.35,169.1 -79.92,169.1 -80.49,169.1 -81.06,169.1 -81.63,169.1 -82.2,166.49 -82.2,163.88 -82.2,161.27 -82.2,158.66 -82.2,156.05 -82.2,153.44 -82.2,150.83 -82.2,148.22 -82.2,145.61 -82.2,143 -82.2,143 -81.63,143 -81.06,143 -80.49,143 -79.92,143 -79.35,143 -78.78,143 -78.21,143 -77.64,143 -77.07,143 -76.5))"], "date_created": "Mon, 28 Aug 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Ku-band Radar data set contains L1B Geolocated Radar Echo Strength Profiles over Antarctica taken with the CReSIS Ku-band Radar. The L1B data set includes echograms with measurements for time, latitude, longitude, elevation, as well as flight path charts and echogram images.", "east": 169.1, "geometry": ["POINT(156.05 -79.35)"], "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ku-Band; Navigation; Radar", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -76.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Paden, John; Leuschen, Carl; Rodriguez, Fernando; Li, Jilu; Allen, Chris; Gogineni, Prasad", "project_titles": "Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000102", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -82.2, "title": "Ku-band Radar Echograms", "uid": "601048", "west": 143.0}, {"awards": "0424589 Gogineni, S. Prasad", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163.884 -76.567,171.5583 -76.567,179.2326 -76.567,186.9069 -76.567,194.5812 -76.567,202.2555 -76.567,209.9298 -76.567,217.6041 -76.567,225.2784 -76.567,232.9527 -76.567,240.627 -76.567,240.627 -77.3847,240.627 -78.2024,240.627 -79.0201,240.627 -79.8378,240.627 -80.6555,240.627 -81.4732,240.627 -82.2909,240.627 -83.1086,240.627 -83.9263,240.627 -84.744,232.9527 -84.744,225.2784 -84.744,217.6041 -84.744,209.9298 -84.744,202.2555 -84.744,194.5812 -84.744,186.9069 -84.744,179.2326 -84.744,171.5583 -84.744,163.884 -84.744,163.884 -83.9263,163.884 -83.1086,163.884 -82.2909,163.884 -81.4732,163.884 -80.6555,163.884 -79.8378,163.884 -79.0201,163.884 -78.2024,163.884 -77.3847,163.884 -76.567))"], "date_created": "Wed, 28 Dec 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) participated in an airborne radar survey using a BT-67 Basler aircraft over the Siple Coast of Antarctica. Five personnel deployed from November 29, 2013 to January 18, 2014 with USAP project# I-189-M. The major objective was to collect fine-resolution radar data with an ultra-wideband MCoRDS4 UHF/VHF radar depth sounder in conjunction with data from two microwave (Ku-band and Snow) radars and a Google Camera. This dataset includes reflection profiles for the three radars and ice surface and ice bottom picks for the radar depth sounder.", "east": 240.627, "geometry": ["POINT(-157.7445 -80.6555)"], "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Basler; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Kamb Ice Stream; Radar; Siple Coast; Whillans Ice Stream", "locations": "Whillans Ice Stream; Kamb Ice Stream; Siple Coast; Antarctica", "north": -76.567, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Paden, John; Hale, Richard", "project_titles": "Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000102", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.744, "title": "Airborne radar profiles of the Whillans, Bindschadler, and Kamb Ice Streams", "uid": "600384", "west": 163.884}, {"awards": "0838817 Kyle, Philip", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5). Mount Erebus is Antarctica\u0027s most active volcano that has been in a persistent state of activity for at least the last 35 years. It has a unique geochemistry among the Earth\u0027s active volcanoes and is also unique in hosting a persistent convecting lake(s) of anorthclase phonolite magma in its summit crater. The relative simplicity of the magmatic system, consistency of activity, and accessibility of close-range observation make Erebus attractive as a target for extensive studies. Although the Erebus\u0027 seismicity and eruptive activity and processes are becoming increasingly well understood over years of research, there is a near total lack of understanding its deeper magmatic system. The primary goal of this proposal is to continue supporting the Mt. Erebus Volcano Observatory (MEVO III) improving our current understanding of the Erebus eruptive and non-eruptive magmatic system using an integrated approach from geophysical, geochemical and remote sensing observations. This goal can be grouped into the following fundamental research objectives: (a) to sustain year-round surveillance of on-going volcanic activity primarily using geophysical observatories; (b) to understand processes within the convecting conduit which feeds the persistent lava lakes; and (c) to understand the impact of Erebus eruptive activity upon the Antarctic environment. Continued reliance on students provides a broader impact to this proposed research and firmly grounds this effort in its educational mission.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cable Observatory; Intracontinental Magmatism; IntraContinental Magmatism; MEVO; Mount Erebus; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Ross Sea; Solid Earth; Volcano", "locations": "Mount Erebus; Antarctica; Ross Sea", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Kyle, Philip", "project_titles": "Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory III (MEVO III): Conduit Processes and Surveillance", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000488", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory III (MEVO III): Conduit Processes and Surveillance"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "MEVO", "south": null, "title": "Mount Erebus Volcano Observatory III (MEVO III): Conduit Processes and Surveillance", "uid": "600153", "west": null}, {"awards": "0839059 Powell, Ross", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-168.7 -82.3,-168.69 -82.3,-168.68 -82.3,-168.67 -82.3,-168.66 -82.3,-168.65 -82.3,-168.64 -82.3,-168.63 -82.3,-168.62 -82.3,-168.61 -82.3,-168.6 -82.3,-168.6 -82.31,-168.6 -82.32,-168.6 -82.33,-168.6 -82.34,-168.6 -82.35,-168.6 -82.36,-168.6 -82.37,-168.6 -82.38,-168.6 -82.39,-168.6 -82.4,-168.61 -82.4,-168.62 -82.4,-168.63 -82.4,-168.64 -82.4,-168.65 -82.4,-168.66 -82.4,-168.67 -82.4,-168.68 -82.4,-168.69 -82.4,-168.7 -82.4,-168.7 -82.39,-168.7 -82.38,-168.7 -82.37,-168.7 -82.36,-168.7 -82.35,-168.7 -82.34,-168.7 -82.33,-168.7 -82.32,-168.7 -82.31,-168.7 -82.3))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The LISSARD project (Lake and Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) is one of three research components of the WISSARD integrative initiative (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) that is being funded by the Antarctic Integrated System Science Program of NSF\u0027s Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. The overarching scientific objective of WISSARD is to assess the role of water beneath a West Antarctic ice stream in interlinked glaciological, geological, microbiological, geochemical, and oceanographic systems. The LISSARD component of WISSARD focuses on the role of active subglacial lakes in determining how fast the West Antarctic ice sheet loses mass to the global ocean and influences global sea level changes. The importance of Antarctic subglacial lakes has only been recently recognized, and the lakes have been identified as high priority targets for scientific investigations because of their unknown contributions to ice sheet stability under future global warming scenarios. LISSARD has several primary science goals: A) To provide an observational basis for improving treatments of subglacial hydrological and mechanical processes in models of ice sheet mass balance and stability; B) To reconstruct the past history of ice stream stability by analyzing archives of past basal water and ice flow variability contained in subglacial sediments, porewater, lake water, and basal accreted ice; C) To provide background understanding of subglacial lake environments to benefit RAGES and GBASE (the other two components of the WISSARD project); and D) To synthesize data and concepts developed as part of this project to determine whether subglacial lakes play an important role in (de)stabilizing Antarctic ice sheets. We propose an unprecedented synthesis of approaches to studying ice sheet processes, including: (1) satellite remote sensing, (2) surface geophysics, (3) borehole observations and measurements and, (4) basal and subglacial sampling.\nThe latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recognized that the greatest uncertainties in assessing future global sea-level change stem from a poor understanding of ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet vulnerability to oceanic and atmospheric warming. Disintegration of the WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) alone would contribute 3-5 m to global sea-level rise, making WAIS a focus of scientific concern due to its potential susceptibility to internal or ocean-driven instability. The overall WISSARD project will test the overarching hypothesis that active water drainage connects various subglacial environments and exerts major control on ice sheet flow, geochemistry, metabolic and phylogenetic diversity, and biogeochemical transformations.\nSocietal Relevance: Global warming, melting of ice sheets and consequential sea-level rise are of high societal relevance. Science Resource Development: After a 9-year hiatus WISSARD will provide the US-science community with a renewed capability to access and study sub-ice sheet environments. Developing this technological infrastructure will benefit the broader science community and assets will be accessible for future use through the NSF-OPP drilling contractor. Furthermore, these projects will pioneer an approach implementing recommendations from the National Research Council committee on Principles of Environmental Stewardship for the Exploration and Study of Subglacial Environments (2007). Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating them in our research programs; ii) introducing new investigators to the polar sciences by incorporating promising young investigators in our programs, iii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by incorporating various teachers and NSTA programs, and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as popular science magazines, museum based activities and videography and documentary films. In summary, WISSARD will promote scientific exploration of Antarctica by conveying to the public the excitement of accessing and studying what may be some of the last unexplored aquatic environments on Earth, and which represent a potential analogue for extraterrestrial life habitats on Europa and Mars.", "east": -168.6, "geometry": ["POINT(-168.65 -82.35)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Diatom; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Lake Whillans; Paleoclimate; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Subglacial Lake; WISSARD", "locations": "Lake Whillans; Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Ross Sea", "north": -82.3, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Powell, Ross", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000105", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -82.4, "title": "Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability and Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake and Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)", "uid": "600154", "west": -168.7}, {"awards": "0632399 Jefferies, Stuart", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The ultimate goal of this project is to determine the structure and dynamics of the Sun\u0027s atmosphere, assess the role of MHD waves in heating the chromosphere/corona and driving the solar wind, and better understand how the Sun\u0027s atmosphere couples to the solar interior. As the solar atmosphere is \u0027home\u0027 to many of the solar phenomena that can have a direct impact on the biosphere, including flares, coronal mass ejections, and the solar wind, the broader impact of such studies is that they will lead to an improved understanding of the Sun-Earth connection. \nUnder the current award we have developed a suite of instruments that can simultaneously image the line-of-sight Doppler velocity and longitudinal magnetic field at four heights in the solar atmosphere at high temporal cadence. The instruments use magneto-optical filters (see Cacciani, Moretti and Rodgers, Solar Physics 174, p.115, 2004) tuned to the solar absorption lines at 422 nm (Ca I), 589 nm (Na D2), 770 nm (K) and 1083 nm (He). These lines sample the solar atmosphere from the mid-photosphere to the high-chromosphere. \nA proof-of-concept run was made in the Austral summer of 2007/2008 using the Na and K versions of the instruments. Here we recorded over 40 hours of full-disk, intensity images of the Sun in the red and blue wings of the Na and K Fraunhofer lines, in both right- and left-circularly polarized light. The images were obtained at a rate of one every five seconds with a nominal spatial resolution of 4 arc-seconds. The run started at 09:44 UT on February 2, 2008 and ended at 03:30 UT on February 4, 2008.\nData Quality Assessment:\nThe temperature controls of the instrument housings were unable to fully compensate for the harse Antartic winds encountered during the observing run. This led to large (~15 C) temperature swings which adversely affected the instruments (and thus data quality) in two ways: 1) Crystals of Na and K were deposited on the magneto-optical filter windows leading to \"hot spots\" in the images. These \"hot spots\" come and go with time as the temperature changes. 2) The changing temperature caused the optical rails to contract and expand causing the final images to go in- and out-of-focus, thus reducing the resolution to greater than 4 arc-seconds. Both these effect are worse in the K data.\nDespite these problems, the intensity images can be combined to provide magnetic images that show a very high sensitivity (\u003c 5 Gauss in a 5 second integration).\nData Description:\nThe raw data are stored as a series of 1024x1024x4 FITS images. The format is: blue image (left circulary polarized light), blue image (right circularly polarized light), red image (left circulary polarized light), red image (right circularly polarized light).\nThe naming convention for the images is: Type_Instrument_Day_hour_minutes_seconds\nwhere Type is I (intensity), F (flatfield), D (dark)\n Instrument is 0 (Na), 1 (K)\n Day is the day number from the beginning of the year where January 1 is day 0\nFor example, I_0_32_12_34_40.fits is an intensity image taken with the Na instrument at 12:34.40 UT on February 2, 2008.\nNotes: \n1) The flatfield images were acquired by moving a diffuser in front of the Sun during the integration. The resulting images therefore have to be corrected for residual low-spatial frequencies due to the non-flat nature of the light source.\n2) Each FITS file header contains a variety of information on the observation, e.g.,\nF_CNTO\t: number of summed frames in each 5 second integration (*)\nFPS\t\t: Camera frame rate (Frames Per Second)\nFLIP\t: Rate at which the half-wave rotator (magnetic switch) was switched\nINT_PER\t: Integration time (in seconds)\nMOF\t\t: Temperature of magneto-optical filter cell\nWS\t\t: Temperature of wing selector cell\nTEMP_0\t: Temperature of camera 0\nTEMP_1\t: Temperature of camera 1\nTEMP_2\t: Temperature inside instrument (location 1)\nTEMP_3\t: Temperature of narrowband filter\nTEMP_5\t: Temperature of magnets surrounding MOF cell\nTEMP_6\t: Temperature inside instrument (location 2)\nTEMP_7\t: Temperature of housing for magnetic switch\n(*) This is the frame count for the camera. The number of frames in each image for the two different polarization states, is half this number.\nThe measured temperatures are only coarse measurements.\n3) Due to reflection in the final polarizing beam splitter (which separates the \"red\" and \"blue\" signals into the two cameras), the camera 1 data need to \"reversed\" along the x-axis (i.e. listed as [1024:1] instead of [1:1024])\n4) Line-of-sight velocity and magnetic field images are generated from the observed intensity images. Doppler images as (red-blue)/(red+blue), magnetic images as the difference between the Doppler images\nfor right- and left-circularly polarized light.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cosmos; Satellite Remote Sensing; Sun", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Jefferies, Stuart M.", "project_titles": "Tomographic Imaging of the Velocity and Magnetic Fields in the Sun\u0027s Atmosphere", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000526", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Tomographic Imaging of the Velocity and Magnetic Fields in the Sun\u0027s Atmosphere"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Tomographic Imaging of the Velocity and Magnetic Fields in the Sun\u0027s Atmosphere", "uid": "600152", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1043580 Reusch, David", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -47,-144 -47,-108 -47,-72 -47,-36 -47,0 -47,36 -47,72 -47,108 -47,144 -47,180 -47,180 -51.3,180 -55.6,180 -59.9,180 -64.2,180 -68.5,180 -72.8,180 -77.1,180 -81.4,180 -85.7,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -85.7,-180 -81.4,-180 -77.1,-180 -72.8,-180 -68.5,-180 -64.2,-180 -59.9,-180 -55.6,-180 -51.3,-180 -47))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The presence of ice ponds from surface melting of glacial ice can be a significant threshold in assessing the stability of ice sheets, and their overall response to a warming climate. Snow melt has a much reduced albedo, leading to additional seasonal melting from warming insolation. Water run-off not only contributes to the mass loss of ice sheets directly, but meltwater reaching the glacial ice bed may lubricate faster flow of ice sheets towards the ocean. Surficial meltwater may also reach the grounding lines of glacial ice through the wedging open of existing crevasses. The occurrence and amount of meltwater refreeze has even been suggested as a paleo proxy of near-surface atmospheric temperature regimes.\nUsing contemporary remote sensing (microwave) satellite assessment of surface melt occurrence and extent, the predictive skill of regional meteorological models and reanalyses (e.g. WRF, ERA-Interim) to describe the synoptic conditions favourable to surficial melt is to be investigated. Statistical approaches and pattern recognition techniques are argued to provide a context for projecting future ice sheet change.\nThe previous Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC AR4) commented on our lack of understanding of ice-sheet mass balance processes in polar regions and the potential for sea-level change. The IPPC suggested that the forthcoming AR5 efforts highlight regional cryosphere modeling efforts, such as is proposed here.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Climate Model; Meteorology; Surface Melt", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -47.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Reusch, David", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000447", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Decoding \u0026 Predicting Antarctic Surface Melt Dynamics with Observations, Regional Atmospheric Modeling and GCMs", "uid": "600166", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1355533 Dayton, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -78,163.4 -78,163.8 -78,164.2 -78,164.6 -78,165 -78,165.4 -78,165.8 -78,166.2 -78,166.6 -78,167 -78,167 -78.05,167 -78.1,167 -78.15,167 -78.2,167 -78.25,167 -78.3,167 -78.35,167 -78.4,167 -78.45,167 -78.5,166.6 -78.5,166.2 -78.5,165.8 -78.5,165.4 -78.5,165 -78.5,164.6 -78.5,164.2 -78.5,163.8 -78.5,163.4 -78.5,163 -78.5,163 -78.45,163 -78.4,163 -78.35,163 -78.3,163 -78.25,163 -78.2,163 -78.15,163 -78.1,163 -78.05,163 -78))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic benthic communities are characterized by many species of sponges (Phylum Porifera), long thought to exhibit extremely slow demographic patterns of settlement, growth and reproduction. This project will analyze many hundreds of diver and remotely operated underwater vehicle photographs documenting a unique, episodic settlement event that occurred between 2000 and 2010 in McMurdo Sound that challenges this paradigm of slow growth. Artificial structures were placed on the seafloor between 1967 and 1974 at several sites, but no sponges were observed to settle on these structures until 2004. By 2010 some 40 species of sponges had settled and grown to be surprisingly large. Given the paradigm of slow settlement and growth supported by the long observation period (37 years, 1967-2004), this extraordinary large-scale settlement and rapid growth over just a 6-year time span is astonishing. This project utilizes image processing software (ImageJ) to obtain metrics (linear dimensions to estimate size, frequency, percent cover) for sponges and other fauna visible in the photographs. It uses R to conduct multidimensional scaling to ordinate community data and ANOSIM to test for differences of community data among sites and times and structures. It will also use SIMPER and ranked species abundances to discriminate species responsible for any differences.\nThis work focuses on Antarctic sponges, but the observations of massive episodic recruitment and growth are important to understanding seafloor communities worldwide. Ecosystems are composed of populations, and populations are ecologically described by their distribution and abundance. A little appreciated fact is that sponges often dominate marine communities, but because sponges are so hard to study, most workers focus on other groups such as corals, kelps, or bivalves. Because most sponges settle and grow slowly their life history is virtually unstudied. The assumption of relative stasis of the Antarctic seafloor community is common, and this project will shatter this paradigm by documenting a dramatic episodic event. Finally, the project takes advantage of old transects from the 1960s and 1970s and compares them with extensive 2010 surveys of the same habitats and sometimes the same intact transect lines, offering a long-term perspective of community change. The investigators will publish these results in peer-reviewed journals, give presentations to the general public and will involve students from local outreach programs, high schools, and undergraduates at UCSD to help with the analysis.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165 -78.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Bentic Fauna; Biota; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Ross Sea; McMurdo Sound; Southern Ocean", "north": -78.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Dayton, Paul", "project_titles": "EAGER: A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000401", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization", "uid": "600164", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "1141973 Tedesco, Marco", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-94.7374 -56.9464,-89.23679 -56.9464,-83.73618 -56.9464,-78.23557 -56.9464,-72.73496 -56.9464,-67.23435 -56.9464,-61.73374 -56.9464,-56.23313 -56.9464,-50.73252 -56.9464,-45.23191 -56.9464,-39.7313 -56.9464,-39.7313 -59.19838,-39.7313 -61.45036,-39.7313 -63.70234,-39.7313 -65.95432,-39.7313 -68.2063,-39.7313 -70.45828,-39.7313 -72.71026,-39.7313 -74.96224,-39.7313 -77.21422,-39.7313 -79.4662,-45.23191 -79.4662,-50.73252 -79.4662,-56.23313 -79.4662,-61.73374 -79.4662,-67.23435 -79.4662,-72.73496 -79.4662,-78.23557 -79.4662,-83.73618 -79.4662,-89.23679 -79.4662,-94.7374 -79.4662,-94.7374 -77.21422,-94.7374 -74.96224,-94.7374 -72.71026,-94.7374 -70.45828,-94.7374 -68.2063,-94.7374 -65.95432,-94.7374 -63.70234,-94.7374 -61.45036,-94.7374 -59.19838,-94.7374 -56.9464))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to generate first-time validated enhanced spatial resolution (5-10 km) maps of surface melting over the Antarctic Peninsula for the period 1958 - to date from the outputs of a regional climate model and different downscaling techniques. These maps will be assessed and validated through new high spatial resolution (2.25 km) surface melting maps obtained from the QuikSCAT satellite for the period 1999 - 2009. The intellectual merit of this work is that it would be the first time that the outputs of a regional climate model would be used to study surface melting over Antarctica at such high spatial resolution and the first time that such results are validated by means of an observational tool that has such a large spatial coverage and high spatial resolution. The results generated in this study would also provide a first-time opportunity to study the melt distribution over the Peninsula and its correlation with climate drivers, such as the Southern Annual Mode (SAM) and the El Nino-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) at these unprecedented spatial scales. The enhanced resolution melting maps will also offer a unique opportunity to study melting trends and patterns over specific regions of the Peninsula, such as the Wilkins and the Larsen A and B ice shelves and evaluate whether the extreme melting observed during the recent collapses was unprecedented over the + 50 years. The broader impacts of the project are that it will integrate research and education by fully supporting one female undergrad student, a PhD student and partially supporting a PostDoc. The work will be done at a minority-serving institution and the PhD student who worked on the development of the high-resolution melting data set from QuikSCAT will become the PostDoc who will work on this project. Teaching and learning will be supported by incorporating research results into graduate and undergrad level courses and will be disseminated over the web and through appropriate channels. Results from this project will also benefit the society at large as they will improve our understanding of the links between atmospheric patterns and surface melting and they will contribute to improving estimates of sea level rise from the Antarctica continent.", "east": -39.7313, "geometry": ["POINT(-67.23435 -68.2063)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Climate; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Meteorology; Model", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -56.9464, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Tedesco, Marco", "project_titles": "Enhanced Spatial Resolution Surface Melting over the Antarctic Peninsula (1958 - to date) from a Regional Climate Model Validated through Remote Sensing Observations", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000313", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Enhanced Spatial Resolution Surface Melting over the Antarctic Peninsula (1958 - to date) from a Regional Climate Model Validated through Remote Sensing Observations"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.4662, "title": "Enhanced Spatial Resolution Surface Melting over the Antarctic Peninsula (1958 - to date) from a Regional Climate Model Validated through Remote Sensing Observations", "uid": "600160", "west": -94.7374}, {"awards": "1043750 Chen, Jianli", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to improve the estimate of long-term and inter-annual variability of Antarctic ice sheet mass balance at continental, regional, and catchment scales, using satellite gravity measurements from the Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment (GRACE) and other geodetic measurements. The work will improve the quantification of long-term mass change rates over Antarctica using GRACE gravity data with a longer record and newer generation(s) of products and will develop advanced numerical forward modeling techniques that can accurately correct leakage effects associated with GRACE data processing, and significantly improve spatial resolution of GRACE mass rate estimates over Antarctica. The work will also contribute to a better understanding of crustal uplift rates due to postglacial rebound (PGR) and present day ice load change over Antarctica via PGR models, GPS measurements, and combined analysis of GRACE and ICESat elevation changes. Inter-annual variations of ice mass over Antarctica will be investigated at continental and catchment scales and connections to regional climate change will be studied. The major deliverables from this study will be improved assessments of ice mass balance for the entire Antarctic ice sheet and potential contribution to global mean sea level rise. The work will also provide estimates of regional ice mass change rates over Antarctica, with a focus along the coast in the Amundsen Sea Embayment, the Peninsula in West Antarctica, and in Wilkes Land and Victoria Land in East Antarctica. Estimates of inter-annual ice mass change over Antarctica at various spatial scales, and assessments of uncertainty of GRACE ice rate estimates and PGR models errors over Antarctica will also be made. The intellectual merits of the proposed investigation include 1) providing improved assessments of Antarctic ice mass balance at different temporal and spatial scales with unprecedented accuracy, an important contribution to broad areas of polar science research; 2) combining high accuracy GPS vertical uplift measurements and PGR models to better quantify long-term crust uplift effects that are not distinguishable from ice mass changes by GRACE; and 3) unifying the work of several investigations at the forefront of quantifying ice sheet and glacier mass balance and crustal uplift based on a variety of modern space geodetic observations. The broader impacts include the fact that the project will actively involve student participation and training, through the support of two graduate students. In addition the project will contribute to general education and public outreach (E/PO) activities and the results from this investigation will help inspire future geoscientists and promote public awareness of significant manifestations of climate change.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPS; GRACE; Potential Field; Satellite Data", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Chen, Jianli", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Long-Term and Interannual Variability of Antarctic Ice Sheet Mass Balance From Satellite Gravimetry and Other Geodetic Measurements", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000415", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Long-Term and Interannual Variability of Antarctic Ice Sheet Mass Balance From Satellite Gravimetry and Other Geodetic Measurements"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Long-Term and Interannual Variability of Antarctic Ice Sheet Mass Balance From Satellite Gravimetry and Other Geodetic Measurements", "uid": "600159", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0839107 Powell, Ross", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-163.7 -84,-163.68 -84,-163.66 -84,-163.64 -84,-163.62 -84,-163.6 -84,-163.58 -84,-163.56 -84,-163.54 -84,-163.52 -84,-163.5 -84,-163.5 -84.05,-163.5 -84.1,-163.5 -84.15,-163.5 -84.2,-163.5 -84.25,-163.5 -84.3,-163.5 -84.35,-163.5 -84.4,-163.5 -84.45,-163.5 -84.5,-163.52 -84.5,-163.54 -84.5,-163.56 -84.5,-163.58 -84.5,-163.6 -84.5,-163.62 -84.5,-163.64 -84.5,-163.66 -84.5,-163.68 -84.5,-163.7 -84.5,-163.7 -84.45,-163.7 -84.4,-163.7 -84.35,-163.7 -84.3,-163.7 -84.25,-163.7 -84.2,-163.7 -84.15,-163.7 -84.1,-163.7 -84.05,-163.7 -84))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The RAGES project (Robotic Access to Grounding zones for Exploration and Science) is one of three research components of the WISSARD (Whillans Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling) integrative initiative that is being funded by the Antarctic Integrated System Science Program of NSF\u0027s Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. The overarching scientific objective of WISSARD is to assess the role of water beneath a West Antarctic ice stream in interlinked glaciological, geological, microbiological, geochemical, and oceanographic systems. The RAGES component of WISSARD concentrates on the stability of ice stream grounding zones (GZ), the area where the ice, ocean waters and glacial and sea floor sediment interact. Based on our present limited data and modeling efforts, GZs can be perturbed by (i) internal ice stream dynamics, (ii) filling/draining cycles of subglacial lakes, (iii) increased melting by warming ocean waters, and/or (iv) rates of subglacial sediment (till) supply to the GZ. GZs are seen as high priority targets to investigate due to their unknown contributions to ice sheet stability under future global warming scenarios. The three main science goals for RAGES are to assess: (a) West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) stability relative to the magnitudes of the four main variables listed above; (b) the degree to which grounding-zone sedimentary systems house important records of past WAIS dynamics; and (c) the importance of microbial activity and subglacial geochemical weathering in supplying nutrients to the WAIS grounding zone, the Ross Ice Shelf (RIS) cavity, and the highly productive Southern Ocean that may ultimately influence global biogeochemical cycles. The RAGES field sampling plan integrates surface geophysical surveys with borehole and subglacial sampling and measurements. The boreholes provide: (1) samples of subglacial water, sediments, and basal ice for biological, geochemical, glaciological, sedimentological, and micropaleontological analyses; (2) measures of subglacial and sub-ice-shelf cavity physical and chemical conditions and their spatial variability; and (3) data on sediment types, state and change of the subglacial water discharge, oceanography, and basal ice at the grounding line and within the nearby sub-ice-shelf cavity. Unique tools to be deployed include a multisensor Sub-Ice ROVer (Remotely Operated Vehicle) and long-term, sub-ice oceanographic moorings.\nThe latest report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change recognized that the greatest uncertainties in assessing future global sea-level change stem from a poor understanding of ice sheet dynamics and ice sheet vulnerability to oceanic and atmospheric warming. Disintegration of the WAIS (West Antarctic Ice Sheet) alone would contribute 3-5 m to global sea-level rise, making WAIS a focus of scientific concern due to its potential susceptibility to internal or ocean-driven instability. The overall WISSARD project will test the overarching hypothesis that active water drainage connects various subglacial environments and exerts major control on ice sheet flow, geochemistry, metabolic and phylogenetic diversity, and biogeochemical transformations.\nSocietal Relevance: Global warming, melting of ice sheets and consequential sea-level rise are of high societal relevance. Science Resource Development: After a 9-year hiatus WISSARD will provide the US-science community with a renewed capability to access and study sub-ice sheet environments. Developing this technological infrastructure will benefit the broader science community and assets will be accessible for future use through the NSF-OPP drilling contractor. The RAGES project represents a significant advance in polar technology by incorporating the use of complex new instrumentation like the Sub-Ice ROVer and subglacial ocean/lake mooring systems. Furthermore, these projects will pioneer an approach implementing recommendations from the National Research Council committee on Principles of Environmental Stewardship for the Exploration and Study of Subglacial Environments (2007). Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating them in our research programs; ii) introducing new investigators to the polar sciences by incorporating promising young investigators in our programs, iii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by incorporating various teachers and NSTA programs, and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as popular science magazines, museum based activities and videography and documentary films. In summary, WISSARD will promote scientific exploration of Antarctica by conveying to the public the excitement of accessing and studying what may be some of the last unexplored aquatic environments on Earth, and which represent a potential analogue for extraterrestrial life habitats on Europa and Mars.", "east": -163.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-163.6 -84.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Oceans; Southern Ocean; WISSARD", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -84.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Powell, Ross", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000105", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability \u0026 Subglacial Life Habitats in W Antarctica - Lake \u0026 Ice Stream Subglacial Access Research Drilling (LISSARD)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.5, "title": "Integrative Study of Marine Ice Sheet Stability and Subglacial Life Habitats - Robotic Access to Grounding-zones for Exploration and Science (RAGES)", "uid": "600155", "west": -163.7}, {"awards": "0732730 Truffer, Martin", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-100.5 -75.1)"], "date_created": "Fri, 31 Jul 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set is a time series of borehole temperatures at different depths from three thermistor strings deployed in three boreholes drilled through the Pine Island Glacier ice shelf, Antarctica.", "east": -100.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-100.5 -75.1)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Pine Island Glacier; Temperature", "locations": "Pine Island Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -75.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Truffer, Martin; Stanton, Timothy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research; IPY: Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000043", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research; IPY: Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -75.1, "title": "Borehole Temperatures at Pine Island Glacier, Antarctica", "uid": "609627", "west": -100.5}, {"awards": "0944653 Forster, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-119.4 -78.1,-118.46 -78.1,-117.52 -78.1,-116.58 -78.1,-115.64 -78.1,-114.7 -78.1,-113.76 -78.1,-112.82 -78.1,-111.88 -78.1,-110.94 -78.1,-110 -78.1,-110 -78.29,-110 -78.48,-110 -78.67,-110 -78.86,-110 -79.05,-110 -79.24,-110 -79.43,-110 -79.62,-110 -79.81,-110 -80,-110.94 -80,-111.88 -80,-112.82 -80,-113.76 -80,-114.7 -80,-115.64 -80,-116.58 -80,-117.52 -80,-118.46 -80,-119.4 -80,-119.4 -79.81,-119.4 -79.62,-119.4 -79.43,-119.4 -79.24,-119.4 -79.05,-119.4 -78.86,-119.4 -78.67,-119.4 -78.48,-119.4 -78.29,-119.4 -78.1))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to broaden the knowledge of annual accumulation patterns over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet by processing existing near-surface radar data taken on the US ITASE traverse in 2000 and by gathering and validating new ultra/super-high-frequency (UHF) radar images of near surface layers (to depths of ~15 m), expanding abilities to monitor recent annual accumulation patterns from point source ice cores to radar lines. Shallow (15 m) ice cores will be collected in conjunction with UHF radar images to confirm that radar echoed returns correspond with annual layers, and/or sub-annual density changes in the near-surface snow, as determined from ice core stable isotopes. This project will additionally improve accumulation monitoring from space-borne instruments by comparing the spatial-radar-derived-annual accumulation time series to the passive microwave time series dating back over 3 decades and covering most of Antarctica. The intellectual merit of this project is that mapping the spatial and temporal variations in accumulation rates over the Antarctic ice sheet is essential for understanding ice sheet responses to climate forcing. Antarctic precipitation rate is projected to increase up to 20% in the coming century from the predicted warming. Accumulation is a key component for determining ice sheet mass balance and, hence, sea level rise, yet our ability to measure annual accumulation variability over the past 5 decades (satellite era) is mostly limited to point-source ice cores. Developing a radar and ice core derived annual accumulation dataset will provide validation data for space-born remote sensing algorithms, climate models and, additionally, establish accumulation trends. The broader impacts of the project are that it will advance discovery and understanding within the climatology, glaciology and remote sensing communities by verifying the use of UHF radars to monitor annual layers as determined by visual, chemical and isotopic analysis from corresponding shallow ice cores and will provide a dataset of annual to near-annual accumulation measurements over the past ~5 decades across WAIS divide from existing radar data and proposed radar data. By determining if temporal changes in the passive microwave signal are correlated with temporal changes in accumulation will help assess the utility of passive microwave remote sensing to monitor accumulation rates over ice sheets for future decades. The project will promote teaching, training and learning, and increase representation of underrepresented groups by becoming involved in the NASA History of Winter project and Thermochron Mission and by providing K-12 teachers with training to monitor snow accumulation and temperature here in the US, linking polar research to the student\u0027s backyard. The project will train both undergraduate and graduate students in polar research and will encouraging young investigators to become involved in careers in science. In particular, two REU students will participate in original research projects as part of this larger project, from development of a hypothesis to presentation and publication of the results. The support of a new, young woman scientist will help to increase gender diversity in polar research.\n", "east": -110.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-114.7 -79.05)"], "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Radar; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctica; WAIS Divide", "north": -78.1, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Forster, Richard", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Annual satellite era accumulation patterns over WAIS Divide: A study using shallow ice cores, near-surface radars and satellites", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000079", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Annual satellite era accumulation patterns over WAIS Divide: A study using shallow ice cores, near-surface radars and satellites"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -80.0, "title": "Annual Satellite Era Accumulation Patterns Over WAIS Divide: A Study Using Shallow Ice Cores, Near-Surface Radars and Satellites", "uid": "600146", "west": -119.4}, {"awards": "1343649 Levy, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162.852 -77.6111,162.9893 -77.6111,163.1266 -77.6111,163.2639 -77.6111,163.4012 -77.6111,163.5385 -77.6111,163.6758 -77.6111,163.8131 -77.6111,163.9504 -77.6111,164.0877 -77.6111,164.225 -77.6111,164.225 -77.65331,164.225 -77.69552,164.225 -77.73773,164.225 -77.77994,164.225 -77.82215,164.225 -77.86436,164.225 -77.90657,164.225 -77.94878,164.225 -77.99099,164.225 -78.0332,164.0877 -78.0332,163.9504 -78.0332,163.8131 -78.0332,163.6758 -78.0332,163.5385 -78.0332,163.4012 -78.0332,163.2639 -78.0332,163.1266 -78.0332,162.9893 -78.0332,162.852 -78.0332,162.852 -77.99099,162.852 -77.94878,162.852 -77.90657,162.852 -77.86436,162.852 -77.82215,162.852 -77.77994,162.852 -77.73773,162.852 -77.69552,162.852 -77.65331,162.852 -77.6111))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The PIs propose to quantify the hillslope water, solute, and carbon budgets for Taylor Valley in the McMurdo Dry Valleys, using water tracks to investigate near-surface geological processes and challenge the paradigm that shallow groundwater is minimal or non-exixtant. Water tracks are linear zones of high soil moisture that route shallow groundwater downslope in permafrost dominated soils. Four hypotheses will be tested: 1) water tracks are important pathways for water and solute transport; 2) water tracks transport more dissolved silica than streams in Taylor Valley indicating they are the primary site of chemical weathering for cold desert soils and bedrock; 3) water tracks that drain highland terrains are dominated by humidity-separated brines while water tracks that drain lowland terrains are dominated by marine aerosols; 4) water tracks are the sites of the highest terrestrial soil carbon concentrations and the strongest CO2 fluxes in Taylor Valley and their carbon content increases with soil age, while carbon flux decreases with age. To test these hypotheses the PIs will carry out a suite of field measurements supported by modeling and remote sensing. They will install shallow permafrost wells in water tracks that span the range of geological, climatological, and topographic conditions in Taylor Valley. Multifrequency electromagnetic induction sounding of the upper ~1 m of the permafrost will create the first comprehensive map of soil moisture in Taylor Valley, and will permit direct quantification of water track discharge across the valley. The carbon contents of water track soils will be measured and linked to global carbon dynamics.\n\nNon-science majors at Oregon State University will be integrated into the proposed research through a new Global Environmental Change course focusing on the scientific method in Antarctica. Three undergraduate students, members of underrepresented minorities, will be entrained in the research, will contribute to all aspects of field and laboratory science, and will present results at national meetings.\n", "east": 164.225, "geometry": ["POINT(163.5385 -77.82215)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:soil; Chemistry:Soil; Critical Zone; Dry Valleys; Permafrost; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Well Measurements", "locations": "Dry Valleys; Antarctica", "north": -77.6111, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Levy, Joseph", "project_titles": "Cryptic Hydrology of the McMurdo Dry Valleys: Water Track Contributions to Water and Geochemical Budgets in Taylor Valley, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000407", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Cryptic Hydrology of the McMurdo Dry Valleys: Water Track Contributions to Water and Geochemical Budgets in Taylor Valley, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0332, "title": "Cryptic Hydrology of the McMurdo Dry Valleys: Water Track Contributions to Water and Geochemical Budgets in Taylor Valley, Antarctica", "uid": "600139", "west": 162.852}, {"awards": "XXXXXXX Palais, Julie", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 17 Jul 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica 2008-2009 (MOA2009) Image Map consists of two cloud-free digital image maps that show mean surface morphology and a quantitative measure of optical snow grain size on the Antarctic continent and surrounding islands using 260 orbit swaths from the Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) instruments on board the NASA EOS Aqua and Terra satellites.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; MODIS; Satellite Remote Sensing", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Haran, Terry; Bohlander, Jennifer; Scambos, Ted; Painter, Thomas; Fahnestock, Mark", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "MODIS Mosaic of Antarctica 2008-2009 (MOA2009) Image Map", "uid": "609593", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1045215 Gooseff, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((160 -77.25,160.5 -77.25,161 -77.25,161.5 -77.25,162 -77.25,162.5 -77.25,163 -77.25,163.5 -77.25,164 -77.25,164.5 -77.25,165 -77.25,165 -77.375,165 -77.5,165 -77.625,165 -77.75,165 -77.875,165 -78,165 -78.125,165 -78.25,165 -78.375,165 -78.5,164.5 -78.5,164 -78.5,163.5 -78.5,163 -78.5,162.5 -78.5,162 -78.5,161.5 -78.5,161 -78.5,160.5 -78.5,160 -78.5,160 -78.375,160 -78.25,160 -78.125,160 -78,160 -77.875,160 -77.75,160 -77.625,160 -77.5,160 -77.375,160 -77.25))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Intellectual Merit: Until recently, wetted soils in the Dry Valleys were generally only found adjacent to streams and lakes. Since the warm austral summer of 2002, numerous \"wet spots\" have been observed far from shorelines on relatively flat valley floor locations and as downslope fingers of flow on valley walls. The source of the water to wet these soils is unclear, as is the spatial and temporal pattern of occurrence from year to year. Their significance is potentially great as enhanced soil moisture may change the thermodynamics, hydrology, and erosion rate of surface soils, and facilitate transport of materials that had previously been stable. These changes to the soil active layer could significantly modify permafrost and ground ice stability within the Dry Valleys. The PIs seek to investigate these changes to address two competing hypotheses: that the source of water to these ?wet spots? is ground ice melt and that the source of this water is snowmelt. The PIs will document the spatiotemporal dynamics of these wet areas using high frequency remote sensing data from QuickBird and WorldView satellites to document the occurrence, dimensions, and growth of wet spots during the 2010-\u00ad11 and 2011-\u00ad12 austral summers. They will test their hypotheses by determining whether wet spots recur in the same locations in each season, and they will compare present to past distribution using archived imagery. They will also determine whether spatial snow accumulation patterns and temporal ablation patterns are coincident with wet spot formation. Broader impacts: One graduate student will be trained on this project. Findings will be reported at scientific meetings and published in peer reviewed journals. They will also develop a teaching module on remote sensing applications to hydrology for the Modular Curriculum for Hydrologic Advancement and an innovative prototype project designed to leverage public participation in mapping wet spots and snow patches across the Dry Valleys through the use of social media and mobile computing applications.\n", "east": 165.0, "geometry": ["POINT(162.5 -77.875)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Climate; Critical Zone; Dry Valleys; Radar; Soil Moisture", "locations": "Antarctica; Dry Valleys", "north": -77.25, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Gooseff, Michael N.", "project_titles": "EAGER: Are the Dry Valleys Getting Wetter? A Preliminary Assessment of Wetness Across the McMurdo Dry Valleys Landscape", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000471", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: Are the Dry Valleys Getting Wetter? A Preliminary Assessment of Wetness Across the McMurdo Dry Valleys Landscape"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "Are the Dry Valleys Getting Wetter? A Preliminary Assessment of Wetness Across the McMurdo Dry Valleys Landscape", "uid": "600131", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "0732983 Vernet, Maria", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-66 -62,-65.3 -62,-64.6 -62,-63.9 -62,-63.2 -62,-62.5 -62,-61.8 -62,-61.1 -62,-60.4 -62,-59.7 -62,-59 -62,-59 -62.8,-59 -63.6,-59 -64.4,-59 -65.2,-59 -66,-59 -66.8,-59 -67.6,-59 -68.4,-59 -69.2,-59 -70,-59.7 -70,-60.4 -70,-61.1 -70,-61.8 -70,-62.5 -70,-63.2 -70,-63.9 -70,-64.6 -70,-65.3 -70,-66 -70,-66 -69.2,-66 -68.4,-66 -67.6,-66 -66.8,-66 -66,-66 -65.2,-66 -64.4,-66 -63.6,-66 -62.8,-66 -62))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach - Marine Ecosystems. A profound transformation in ecosystem structure and function is occurring in coastal waters of the western Weddell Sea, with the collapse of the Larsen B ice shelf. This transformation appears to be yielding a redistribution of energy flow between chemoautotrophic and photosynthetic production, and to be causing the rapid demise of the extraordinary seep ecosystem discovered beneath the ice shelf. This event provides an ideal opportunity to examine fundamental aspects of ecosystem transition associated with climate change. We propose to test the following hypotheses to elucidate the transformations occurring in marine ecosystems as a consequence of the Larsen B collapse: (1) The biogeographic isolation and sub-ice shelf setting of the Larsen B seep has led to novel habitat characteristics, chemoautotrophically dependent taxa and functional adaptations. (2) Benthic communities beneath the former Larsen B ice shelf are fundamentally different from assemblages at similar depths in the Weddell sea-ice zone, and resemble oligotrophic deep-sea communities. Larsen B assemblages are undergoing rapid change. (3) The previously dark, oligotrophic waters of the Larsen B embayment now support a thriving phototrophic community, with production rates and phytoplankton composition similar to other productive areas of the Weddell Sea. To document rapid changes occurring in the Larsen B ecosystem, we will use a remotely operated vehicle, shipboard samplers, and moored sediment traps. We will characterize microbial, macrofaunal and megafaunal components of the seep community; evaluate patterns of surface productivity, export flux, and benthic faunal composition in areas previously covered by the ice shelf, and compare these areas to the open sea-ice zone. These changes will be placed within the geological, glaciological and climatological context that led to ice-shelf retreat, through companion research projects funded in concert with this effort. Together these projects will help predict the likely consequences of ice-shelf collapse to marine ecosystems in other regions of Antarctica vulnerable to climate change. The research features international collaborators from Argentina, Belgium, Canada, Germany, Spain and the United Kingdom. The broader impacts include participation of a science writer; broadcast of science segments by members of the Jim Lehrer News Hour (Public Broadcasting System); material for summer courses in environmental change; mentoring of graduate students and postdoctoral fellows; and showcasing scientific activities and findings to students and public through podcasts.\n", "east": -59.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62.5 -66)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Araon1304; Biota; LARISSA; Larsen B Ice Shelf; NBP1001; NBP1203; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Larsen B Ice Shelf; Weddell Sea; Southern Ocean; Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Vernet, Maria", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -70.0, "title": "Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System (LARISSA) - Marine Ecosystems", "uid": "600073", "west": -66.0}, {"awards": "0732804 McPhee, Miles", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.25 -77.42)"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Integrated and System Science Program has made this award to support an interdisciplinary study of the effects of the ocean on the stability of glacial ice in the most dynamic region the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, namely the Pine Island Glacier in the Amundsen Sea Embayment. The collaborative project builds on the knowledge gained by the highly successful West Antarctic Ice Sheet program and is being jointly sponsored with NASA. Recent observations indicate a significant ice loss, equivalent to 10% of the ongoing increase in sea-level rise, in this region. These changes are largest along the coast and propagate rapidly inland, indicating the critical impact of the ocean on ice sheet stability in the region. While a broad range of remote sensing and ground-based instrumentation is available to characterize changes of the ice surface and internal structure (deformation, ice motion, melt) and the shape of the underlying sediment and rock bed, instrumentation has yet to be successfully deployed for observing boundary layer processes of the ocean cavity which underlies the floating ice shelf and where rapid melting is apparently occurring. Innovative, mini ocean sensors that can be lowered through boreholes in the ice shelf (about 500 m thick) will be developed and deployed to automatically provide ocean profiling information over at least three years. Their data will be transmitted through a conducting cable frozen in the borehole to the surface where it will be further transmitted via satellite to a laboratory in the US. Geophysical and remote sensing methods (seismic, GPS, altimetry, stereo imaging, radar profiling) will be applied to map the geometry of the ice shelf, the shape of the sub ice-shelf cavity, the ice surface geometry and deformations within the glacial ice. To integrate the seismic, glaciological and oceanographic observations, a new 3-dimensional coupled ice-ocean model is being developed which will be the first of its kind. NASA is supporting satellite based research and the deployment of a robotic-camera system to explore the environment in the ocean cavity underlying the ice shelf and NSF is supporting all other aspects of this study. \n\nBroader impacts: This project is motivated by the potential societal impacts of rapid sea level rise and should result in critically needed improvements in characterizing and predicting the behavior of coupled ocean-ice systems. It is a contribution to the International Polar Year and was endorsed by the International Council for Science as a component of the \u0027Multidisciplinary Study of the Amundsen Sea Embayment\u0027 proposal #258 of the honeycomb of endorsed IPY activities. The research involves substantial international partnerships with the British Antarctic Survey and the University of Bristol in the UK. The investigators will partner with the previously funded \u0027Polar Palooza\u0027 education and outreach program in addition to undertaking a diverse set of outreach activities of their own. Eight graduate students and one undergraduate as well as one post doc will be integrated into this research project.\n", "east": 166.25, "geometry": ["POINT(166.25 -77.42)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; McMurdo; Meteorology; Oceans; Ross Island; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Island; Antarctica; McMurdo; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.42, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "McPhee, Miles G.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research; IPY: Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000043", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research; IPY: Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea sector of West Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.42, "title": "Ocean-Ice Interaction in the Amundsen Sea Sector of West Antarctica", "uid": "600072", "west": 166.25}, {"awards": "0839053 Ackley, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -67.05,-170.9866 -67.05,-161.9732 -67.05,-152.9598 -67.05,-143.9464 -67.05,-134.933 -67.05,-125.9196 -67.05,-116.9062 -67.05,-107.8928 -67.05,-98.8794 -67.05,-89.866 -67.05,-89.866 -68.1033,-89.866 -69.1566,-89.866 -70.2099,-89.866 -71.2632,-89.866 -72.3165,-89.866 -73.3698,-89.866 -74.4231,-89.866 -75.4764,-89.866 -76.5297,-89.866 -77.583,-98.8794 -77.583,-107.8928 -77.583,-116.9062 -77.583,-125.9196 -77.583,-134.933 -77.583,-143.9464 -77.583,-152.9598 -77.583,-161.9732 -77.583,-170.9866 -77.583,180 -77.583,178.57 -77.583,177.14 -77.583,175.71 -77.583,174.28 -77.583,172.85 -77.583,171.42 -77.583,169.99 -77.583,168.56 -77.583,167.13 -77.583,165.7 -77.583,165.7 -76.5297,165.7 -75.4764,165.7 -74.4231,165.7 -73.3698,165.7 -72.3165,165.7 -71.2632,165.7 -70.2099,165.7 -69.1566,165.7 -68.1033,165.7 -67.05,167.13 -67.05,168.56 -67.05,169.99 -67.05,171.42 -67.05,172.85 -67.05,174.28 -67.05,175.71 -67.05,177.14 -67.05,178.57 -67.05,-180 -67.05))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Several aspect of the seasonal melting and reformation cycle of Antarctic sea ice appear to be divergent from those occurring in the Arctic. This is most clearly demonstrated by the dramatic diminishing extent and thinning of the Arctic sea ice, to be contrasted to the changes in Antarctic sea-ice extent, which recently (decadaly) shows small increases. Current climate models do not resolve this discrepancy which likely results from both a lack of relevant observational sea-ice data in the Antarctic, along with inadequacies in the physical parameterization of sea-ice properties in climate models. Researchers will take advantage of the cruise track of the I/B Oden during transit through the Antarctic sea-ice zones in the region of the Bellingshausen, Amundsen and Ross (BAR) seas on a cruise to McMurdo Station. Because of its remoteness and inaccessibility, the BAR region is of considerable scientific interest as being one of the last under described and perhaps unexploited marine ecosystems left on the planet. A series of on station and underway observations of sea ice properties will be undertaken, thematically linked to broader questions of summer ice survival and baseline physical properties (e.g. estimates of heat and salt fluxes). In situ spatiotemporal variability of sea-ice cover extent, thickness and snow cover depths will be observed.\n", "east": 165.7, "geometry": ["POINT(-142.083 -72.3165)"], "keywords": "Ice Core Records; Oceans; Oden; OSO1011; Sea Ice; Sea Ice Salinity; Sea Ice Thickness; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -67.05, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Ackley, Stephen", "project_titles": "The Sea Ice System in Antarctic Summer, Oden Southern Ocean Expedition (OSO 2010-11)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000676", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The Sea Ice System in Antarctic Summer, Oden Southern Ocean Expedition (OSO 2010-11)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.583, "title": "The Sea Ice System in Antarctic Summer, Oden Southern Ocean Expedition (OSO 2010-11)", "uid": "600106", "west": -89.866}, {"awards": "0838850 Gooseff, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-163.3 -77.62,-163.202 -77.62,-163.104 -77.62,-163.006 -77.62,-162.908 -77.62,-162.81 -77.62,-162.712 -77.62,-162.614 -77.62,-162.516 -77.62,-162.418 -77.62,-162.32 -77.62,-162.32 -77.631,-162.32 -77.642,-162.32 -77.653,-162.32 -77.664,-162.32 -77.675,-162.32 -77.686,-162.32 -77.697,-162.32 -77.708,-162.32 -77.719,-162.32 -77.73,-162.418 -77.73,-162.516 -77.73,-162.614 -77.73,-162.712 -77.73,-162.81 -77.73,-162.908 -77.73,-163.006 -77.73,-163.104 -77.73,-163.202 -77.73,-163.3 -77.73,-163.3 -77.719,-163.3 -77.708,-163.3 -77.697,-163.3 -77.686,-163.3 -77.675,-163.3 -77.664,-163.3 -77.653,-163.3 -77.642,-163.3 -77.631,-163.3 -77.62))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Two models have been proposed to describe controls over microbial biogeography. One model proposes that microbes are ubiquitously distributed across the global environment, and that environmental conditions select for taxa physiologically adapted to local physical conditions. An alternative model predicts that dispersal is the important limitation to the distribution of microorganisms and that spatial heterogeneity of microbial communities is a result of both dispersal and local environmental limitations. According to both models, spatial heterogeneity of microbial communities may be especially pronounced in extreme ecosystems where the environmental selection for organisms with suitable physiology is most strongly manifest. We propose that Antarctic terrestrial environments are ideal places to examine microbial biogeography for 3 reasons: 1) the pristine nature and remoteness of Antarctica minimizes the prevalence of exotic species dispersed through human vectors; 2) the extreme conditions of Antarctic environments provide a strong environmental filter which limits the establishment of non-indigenous taxa; and 3) extreme heterogeneity in the terrestrial environment provides natural gradients of soil conditions (temperature, water and nutrient availability). In the proposed research we will investigate the influence of snow on the composition and spatial distribution of soil microbial communities and linked biogeochemical cycling in the McMurdo Dry Valleys. We will conduct fieldwork at the landscape scale (repeated remote sensing to characterize snow distribution), at the valley and patch scales (quantify snow patch ablation, microbial communities and biogeochemical cycling in subnivian soils). We hypothesize that snow patches play an important role in structuring the spatial distribution of soil microbial communities and their associated ecosystem functioning because of the physical and hydrological influences that snow patches have on the soil environment. The research will contribute to greater public awareness of the importance of polar research to fundamental questions of biology, ecology and hydrology through direct linkages with International Antarctic Institute public outreach activities, including dissemination of web-based learning units on environmental science and microbiology, targeted as resources for secondary and post-secondary educators. Three graduate students, one postdoctoral scholar and multiple undergraduates will participate in the research activities.\n", "east": -162.32, "geometry": ["POINT(-162.81 -77.675)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Critical Zone; Mps-1 Water Potential Sensor; Physical Properties; Soil Moisture; Soil Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.62, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Gooseff, Michael N.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Role of Snow Patches on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Microbial Communities and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Antarctic Dry Valleys", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000489", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Role of Snow Patches on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Microbial Communities and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Antarctic Dry Valleys"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.73, "title": "The Role of Snow Patches on the Spatial Distribution of Soil Microbial Communities and Biogeochemical Cycling in the Antarctic Dry Valleys", "uid": "600100", "west": -163.3}, {"awards": "1043779 Mellish, Jo-Ann", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165.83333 -77.51528,165.923331 -77.51528,166.013332 -77.51528,166.103333 -77.51528,166.193334 -77.51528,166.283335 -77.51528,166.373336 -77.51528,166.463337 -77.51528,166.553338 -77.51528,166.643339 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.51528,166.73334 -77.55153,166.73334 -77.58778,166.73334 -77.62403,166.73334 -77.66028,166.73334 -77.69653,166.73334 -77.73278,166.73334 -77.76903,166.73334 -77.80528,166.73334 -77.84153,166.73334 -77.87778,166.643339 -77.87778,166.553338 -77.87778,166.463337 -77.87778,166.373336 -77.87778,166.283335 -77.87778,166.193334 -77.87778,166.103333 -77.87778,166.013332 -77.87778,165.923331 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.87778,165.83333 -77.84153,165.83333 -77.80528,165.83333 -77.76903,165.83333 -77.73278,165.83333 -77.69653,165.83333 -77.66028,165.83333 -77.62403,165.83333 -77.58778,165.83333 -77.55153,165.83333 -77.51528))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Despite being an essential physiological component of homeotherm life in polar regions, little is known about the energetic requirements for thermoregulation in either air or water for high- latitude seals. In a joint field and modeling study, the principal investigators will quantify these costs for the Weddell seal under both ambient air and water conditions. The field research will include innovative heat flux, digestive and locomotor cost telemetry on 40 free-ranging seals combined with assessments of animal health (morphometrics, hematology and clinical chemistry panels), quantity (ultrasound) and quality (tissue biopsy) of blubber insulation, and determination of surface skin temperature patterns (infrared thermography). Field-collected data will be combined with an established individual based computational energetics model to define cost-added thresholds in body condition for different body masses. This study will fill a major knowledge gap by providing data essential to modeling all aspects of pinniped life history, in particular for ice seals. Such parameterization of energetic cost components will be essential for the accurate modeling of responses by pinnipeds to environmental variance, including direct and indirect effects driven by climate change. The study also will provide extensive opportunities in polar field work, animal telemetry, biochemical analyses and computational modeling for up to three undergraduate students and one post-doctoral researcher. Integrated education and outreach efforts will educate the public (K-12 through adult) on the importance of quantifying energetic costs of thermoregulation for marine mammals and the need to understand responses of species to environmental variance. This effort will include a custom-built, interactive hands-on mobile exhibit, and development of content for an Ocean Today kiosk.\n", "east": 166.73334, "geometry": ["POINT(166.283335 -77.69653)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Seals; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Ross Sea; Sea Surface", "north": -77.51528, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Mellish, Jo-Ann", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000343", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: THERMOREGULATION IN FREE-LIVING ANTARCTIC SEALS: THE MISSING LINK IN EFFECTIVE ECOLOGICAL MODELING"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.87778, "title": "Thermoregulation in Free-Living Antarctic Seals: The Missing Link in Effective Ecological Modeling", "uid": "600130", "west": 165.83333}, {"awards": "1043669 Yuan, Xiaojun", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((70 -64,71 -64,72 -64,73 -64,74 -64,75 -64,76 -64,77 -64,78 -64,79 -64,80 -64,80 -64.6,80 -65.2,80 -65.8,80 -66.4,80 -67,80 -67.6,80 -68.2,80 -68.8,80 -69.4,80 -70,79 -70,78 -70,77 -70,76 -70,75 -70,74 -70,73 -70,72 -70,71 -70,70 -70,70 -69.4,70 -68.8,70 -68.2,70 -67.6,70 -67,70 -66.4,70 -65.8,70 -65.2,70 -64.6,70 -64))"], "date_created": "Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Processess governing the formation of Antarctic bottom water (AABW) in the Indian Ocean sector of the Southern Ocean remain poorly described. As with AABW formation in more well studied regions of the Antarctic continent, global climate impacts of the source regions of this dense, cold water that help drive the global ocean thermohaline circulation are uncertain. A combination of (annual) continental shelf and slope moorings, seasonal (summer) hydrographic surveys on board the Chinese icebreaker M/V Xuelong, together with synthesis of historic and satellite data will be used to better constrain shelf processes and the atmosphere-ocean-ice interactions in the Prydz Bay region. Despite the seeming remoteness of the study site, changes in the formation rate of AABW could potentially have impact on northern hemisphere climate via effects on the global heat budget and through sea-level rise in the coming decades. The project additionally seeks to promote international collaboration between Chinese and US researchers. The data collected will be broadly disseminated to the oceanographic community through the National Oceanography Data Center and Chinese Arctic and Antarctic Data Center.", "east": 80.0, "geometry": ["POINT(75 -67)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CTD Data; Mooring; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Prydz Bay; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Prydz Bay", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Yuan, Xiaojun", "project_titles": "US/Chinese Collaborative Study: Investigation of Bottom Water Formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000439", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "US/Chinese Collaborative Study: Investigation of Bottom Water Formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "US/Chinese Collaborative Study: Investigation of Bottom Water Formation in Prydz Bay, Antarctica", "uid": "600126", "west": 70.0}, {"awards": "0229245 Hamilton, Gordon; 0838843 Kurbatov, Andrei; 9527571 Whillans, Ian", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((158.25 -76.66667,158.325 -76.66667,158.4 -76.66667,158.475 -76.66667,158.55 -76.66667,158.625 -76.66667,158.7 -76.66667,158.775 -76.66667,158.85 -76.66667,158.925 -76.66667,159 -76.66667,159 -76.683336,159 -76.700002,159 -76.716668,159 -76.733334,159 -76.75,159 -76.766666,159 -76.783332,159 -76.799998,159 -76.816664,159 -76.83333,158.925 -76.83333,158.85 -76.83333,158.775 -76.83333,158.7 -76.83333,158.625 -76.83333,158.55 -76.83333,158.475 -76.83333,158.4 -76.83333,158.325 -76.83333,158.25 -76.83333,158.25 -76.816664,158.25 -76.799998,158.25 -76.783332,158.25 -76.766666,158.25 -76.75,158.25 -76.733334,158.25 -76.716668,158.25 -76.700002,158.25 -76.683336,158.25 -76.66667))"], "date_created": "Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes includes high-precision GPS measurements of steel poles within the Allan Hills Main Ice Field, Near Western Ice Field, and extending to the eastern edge of the Middle Western Ice Field, in Antarctica. These data were collected between December 1997 and December 2010. The extended survey period allowed for vertical and horizontal velocities to be calculated with low associated error. Parameters include locations of poles in latitude and longitude, as well as elevation, ice velocity, and accumulation rates.\n\nData are available via FTP as ASCII text files in comma separated value (.csv) format. Raw data are also provided as Trimble raw data, compressed in .zip format, and supplementary information is provided in .csv format and portable document format (.pdf).", "east": 159.0, "geometry": ["POINT(158.625 -76.75)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPS; Ice Flow Velocity", "locations": "Antarctica; Allan Hills", "north": -76.66667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Spikes, Vandy Blue; Hamilton, Gordon S.; Spaulding, Nicole", "project_titles": "GPS Measurements of Rock and Ice Motions in South Victoria Land", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000523", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "GPS Measurements of Rock and Ice Motions in South Victoria Land"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.83333, "title": "GPS Ice Flow Measurements, Allan Hills, Antarctica", "uid": "609507", "west": 158.25}, {"awards": "0440847 Raymond, Charles", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-115.457 -78.7489,-114.8241 -78.7489,-114.1912 -78.7489,-113.5583 -78.7489,-112.9254 -78.7489,-112.2925 -78.7489,-111.6596 -78.7489,-111.0267 -78.7489,-110.3938 -78.7489,-109.7609 -78.7489,-109.128 -78.7489,-109.128 -78.83802,-109.128 -78.92714,-109.128 -79.01626,-109.128 -79.10538,-109.128 -79.1945,-109.128 -79.28362,-109.128 -79.37274,-109.128 -79.46186,-109.128 -79.55098,-109.128 -79.6401,-109.7609 -79.6401,-110.3938 -79.6401,-111.0267 -79.6401,-111.6596 -79.6401,-112.2925 -79.6401,-112.9254 -79.6401,-113.5583 -79.6401,-114.1912 -79.6401,-114.8241 -79.6401,-115.457 -79.6401,-115.457 -79.55098,-115.457 -79.46186,-115.457 -79.37274,-115.457 -79.28362,-115.457 -79.1945,-115.457 -79.10538,-115.457 -79.01626,-115.457 -78.92714,-115.457 -78.83802,-115.457 -78.7489))"], "date_created": "Tue, 30 Aug 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains ground-based, co-polarized radar data collected using pulse-modulated 60 MHz and 179 MHz radar at 19 sites around a deep ice coring site near the Ross and Amundsen flow divide of West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS Divide). At each site, the radar data were collected at 12 orientations of the radar polarization plane for three radar pulse widths: 250 nsec, 500 nsec, and 1000 nsec. Useful signals were received from depths roughly between 200 m and 2000 m. Ice flow velocities and strain configurations were measured at most of these radar survey sites, and these ice motion data are also provided at NSIDC (GPS-Measured Ice Velocities and Strain Data from the Ross and Amundsen Sea Ice Flow Divide, West Antarctica).\n\nData are available via FTP in MATLAB (.mat) format.", "east": -109.128, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.2925 -79.1945)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPR; Radar; Ross-Amundsen Divide", "locations": "Antarctica; Ross-Amundsen Divide", "north": -78.7489, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Matsuoka, Kenichi; Power, Donovan; Fujita, Shuji; Raymond, Charles", "project_titles": "Detection of Crystal Orientation Fabrics near the Ross/Amundsen Sea Ice-flow Divide and at the Siple Dome Ice Core Site using Polarimetric Radar Methods", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000024", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Detection of Crystal Orientation Fabrics near the Ross/Amundsen Sea Ice-flow Divide and at the Siple Dome Ice Core Site using Polarimetric Radar Methods"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.6401, "title": "Polarimetric Radar Data from the Ross and Amundsen Sea Ice Flow Divide, West Antarctica", "uid": "609496", "west": -115.457}, {"awards": "0542164 Taylor, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "A focused plan is presented to investigate the role and importance of short period (\u003c1 hour) gravity waves on the dynamics of the Antarctic Mesosphere and Lower Thermosphere (MLT) region (~80-100 km). Excited primarily by deep convection, frontal activity, topography, and strong wind shears in the lower atmosphere, these waves transport energy and momentum upwards where they have a profound influence on the MLT dynamics. Most of the wave forcing is expected to occur at mid-and low-latitudes where such sources predominate. However, short-period waves (exhibiting similar characteristics to mid-latitude events) have now been detected in copious quantities from research sites on the Antarctic Peninsula and the coastal regions exhibiting strong anisotropy in their dominant horizontal motions (and hence their momentum fluxes). Radiosonde measurements have established the existence of ubiquitous gravity wave activity at South Pole but, to date, there have been no detailed measurements of the properties of short-period waves at MLT heights deep in the Antarctic interior. In particular, the South Pole Station is uniquely situated to investigate the filtering and penetration of these waves into the MLT region, a substantial fraction of which may be ducted waves traveling over vast geographic distances (several thousand km). Novel image measurements at South Pole Station combined with existing measurement programs will provide an unprecedented capability for quantifying the role of these gravity waves on the regional MLT dynamics over central Antarctica. This research also contributes to the training and education of both the graduate and undergraduate students.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Meteorology; Radiosonde; South Pole", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Taylor, Michael", "project_titles": "Quantifying the Role of Short-Period Gravity Waves on the Antarctic Mesospheric Dynamics Using an Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000684", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Quantifying the Role of Short-Period Gravity Waves on the Antarctic Mesospheric Dynamics Using an Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Quantifying the Role of Short-Period Gravity Waves on the Antarctic Mesospheric Dynamics Using an Advanced Mesospheric Temperature Mapper", "uid": "600060", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0944474 Robinson, Laura", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70.5 -54.5,-66.95 -54.5,-63.4 -54.5,-59.85 -54.5,-56.3 -54.5,-52.75 -54.5,-49.2 -54.5,-45.65 -54.5,-42.1 -54.5,-38.55 -54.5,-35 -54.5,-35 -55.2,-35 -55.9,-35 -56.6,-35 -57.3,-35 -58,-35 -58.7,-35 -59.4,-35 -60.1,-35 -60.8,-35 -61.5,-38.55 -61.5,-42.1 -61.5,-45.65 -61.5,-49.2 -61.5,-52.75 -61.5,-56.3 -61.5,-59.85 -61.5,-63.4 -61.5,-66.95 -61.5,-70.5 -61.5,-70.5 -60.8,-70.5 -60.1,-70.5 -59.4,-70.5 -58.7,-70.5 -58,-70.5 -57.3,-70.5 -56.6,-70.5 -55.9,-70.5 -55.2,-70.5 -54.5))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Polar oceans are the main sites of deep-water formation and are critical to the exchange of heat and carbon between the deep ocean and the atmosphere. This award \"Historic perspectives on climate and biogeography from deep-sea corals in the Drake Passage\" will address the following specific research questions: What was the radiocarbon content of the Southern Ocean during the last glacial maximum and during past rapid climate change events? and What are the major controls on the past and present distribution of cold-water corals within the Drake Passage and adjacent continental shelves? Testing these overall questions will allow the researchers to better understand how processes in the Southern Ocean are linked to climate change over millennia. This award is being funded by the Antarctic Earth Sciences Program of NSF\u0027s Office of Polar Programs, Antarctic Division. INTELLECTUAL MERIT: The skeletons of deep-sea corals are abundant in the Southern Ocean, and can be dated using U-series techniques making them a useful archive of oceanographic history. By pairing U-series and radiocarbon analyses the awardees can reconstruct the radiocarbon content of seawater in the past, allowing them to address the research questions raised above. Collection of living deep-sea corals along with environmental data will allow them to address the broader biogeography questions posed above as well. The awardees are uniquely qualified to answer these questions in their respective labs via cutting edge technologies, and they have shown promising results from a preliminary pilot cruise to the area in 2008. BROADER IMPACTS: Societal Relevance: The proposed paleoclimate research will make significant advances toward constraining the Southern Ocean\u0027s influence on global climate, specifically it should help set the bounds for the upper limits on how fast the ocean circulation might change in this region of the world, which is of high societal relevance in this era of changing climate. Education and Outreach (E/O): These activities are grouped into four categories: i) increasing student participation in polar research by fully integrating undergraduate through post-doctoral students into research programs; ii) promotion of K-12 teaching and learning programs by providing information via a cruise website and in-school talks, iii) making the data collected available to the wider research community via data archives such as Seamounts Online and the Seamount Biogeographic Network and iv) reaching a larger public audience through such venues as interviews in the popular media.", "east": -35.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-52.75 -58)"], "keywords": "Biota; Corals; Cruise Report; Drake Passage; NBP1103; Oceans; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Drake Passage; Southern Ocean", "north": -54.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Robinson, Laura", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Historic Perspectives on Climate and Biogeography from Deep-sea Corals in the Drake Passage", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000514", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Historic Perspectives on Climate and Biogeography from Deep-sea Corals in the Drake Passage"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -61.5, "title": "Historic Perspectives on Climate and Biogeography from Deep-Sea Corals in the Drake Passage", "uid": "600114", "west": -70.5}, {"awards": "0636506 Mayewski, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-144.39 -89.93)"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains ion measurements from co-registered samples from the South Pole Remote Earth Science and Seismological Observatory (SPRESSO) ice core. The core was drilled during the 2002-2003 field season as part of the International Trans-Antarctic Science Expedition (ITASE). Samples were collected for ion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry and stable water isotope analysis. Parameters include measurements of ion concentrations in ice core samples.\n\nThe data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel format (.xls).", "east": -144.39, "geometry": ["POINT(-144.39 -89.93)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; ITASE; Paleoclimate; South Pole; SPRESSO Ice Core", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -89.93, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Mayewski, Paul A.; Korotkikh, Elena", "project_titles": "Collaborative Proposal: 2000+ Year Detailed, Calibrated Climate Reconstruction from a South Pole Ice Core Set in an Antarctic - Global Scale Context", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000209", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Proposal: 2000+ Year Detailed, Calibrated Climate Reconstruction from a South Pole Ice Core Set in an Antarctic - Global Scale Context"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -89.93, "title": "Ion Concentrations from SPRESSO Ice Core, Antarctica", "uid": "609471", "west": -144.39}, {"awards": "0538479 Seibel, Brad", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166 -77,166.1 -77,166.2 -77,166.3 -77,166.4 -77,166.5 -77,166.6 -77,166.7 -77,166.8 -77,166.9 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.9 -78,166.8 -78,166.7 -78,166.6 -78,166.5 -78,166.4 -78,166.3 -78,166.2 -78,166.1 -78,166 -78,166 -77.9,166 -77.8,166 -77.7,166 -77.6,166 -77.5,166 -77.4,166 -77.3,166 -77.2,166 -77.1,166 -77))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have resulted in greater oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide can impact marine organisms both via decreased carbonate saturation that affects calcification rates and via disturbance to acid-base (metabolic) physiology. Pteropod molluscs (Thecosomata) form shells made of aragonite, a type of calcium carbonate that is highly soluble, suggesting that these organisms may be particularly sensitive to increasing carbon dioxide and reduced carbonate ion concentration. Thecosome pteropods, which dominate the calcium carbonate export south of the Antarctic Polar Front, will be the first major group of marine calcifying organisms to experience carbonate undersaturation within parts of their present-day geographical ranges as a result of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. An unusual, co-evolved relationship between thecosomes and their specialized gymnosome predators provides a unique backdrop against which to assess the physiological and ecological importance of elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Pteropods are functionally important components of the Antarctic ecosystem with potential to influence phytoplankton stocks, carbon export, and dimethyl sulfide levels that, in turn, influence global climate through ocean-atmosphere feedback loops. The research will quantify the impact of elevated carbon dioxide on a dominant aragonitic pteropod, Limacina helicina, and its specialist predator, the gymnosome Clione antarctica, in the Ross Sea through laboratory experimentation. Results will be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific understanding in this field. The project involves collaboration between researchers at a predominantly undergraduate institution with a significant enrollment of students that are typically underrepresented in the research environment (California State University San Marcos - CSUSM) and at a Ph.D.-granting institution (University of Rhode Island - URI). The program will promote education and learning through the joint education of undergraduate students and graduate students at CSUSM and URI as part of a research team, as well as through the teaching activities of the principal investigators. Dr. Keating, CSUSM professor of science education, will participate in the McMurdo fieldwork and lead the outreach opportunities for the project.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166.5 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Biota; CO2; Mcmurdo Station; Oceans; Ross Island; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Shell Fish; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Ross Island", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Seibel, Brad", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Impacts of Elevated pCO2 on a Dominant Aragonitic Pteropod (Thecosomata) and its Specialist Predator (Gymnosomata) in the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000694", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Impacts of Elevated pCO2 on a Dominant Aragonitic Pteropod (Thecosomata) and its Specialist Predator (Gymnosomata) in the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Impacts of Elevated pCO2 on a Dominant Aragonitic Pteropod (Thecosomata) and its Specialist Predator (Gymnosomata) in the Ross Sea", "uid": "600055", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0122520 Gogineni, S. Prasad", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-110 -62,-105 -62,-100 -62,-95 -62,-90 -62,-85 -62,-80 -62,-75 -62,-70 -62,-65 -62,-60 -62,-60 -63.5,-60 -65,-60 -66.5,-60 -68,-60 -69.5,-60 -71,-60 -72.5,-60 -74,-60 -75.5,-60 -77,-65 -77,-70 -77,-75 -77,-80 -77,-85 -77,-90 -77,-95 -77,-100 -77,-105 -77,-110 -77,-110 -75.5,-110 -74,-110 -72.5,-110 -71,-110 -69.5,-110 -68,-110 -66.5,-110 -65,-110 -63.5,-110 -62))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) data from the 2002 and 2006 Flight missions.\n\nBasic Processing has been done to obtain the radar echograms and derived ice thickness data. Algorithms are being developed to reduce the multiples to obtain accurate measurement of ice sheet thickness over some areas. Data are available in Matlab (.mat) and Adobe .pdf formats.", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-85 -69.5)"], "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Radar", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Gogineni, Prasad", "project_titles": "ITR/SI+AP: A Mobile Sensor Web for Polar Ice Sheet Measurements", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000583", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "ITR/SI+AP: A Mobile Sensor Web for Polar Ice Sheet Measurements"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Antarctic Radar Echograms and Derived Ice Thickness Data from CReSIS", "uid": "609414", "west": -110.0}, {"awards": "0440414 Steig, Eric", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to obtain stable isotope profiles from shallow (\u003c100 m) ice cores from East Antarctica, to add to the growing database of environmental proxy data collected under the auspices of the \"ITASE\" (International TransAntarctic Scientific Expedition) program. In Antarctica, the instrumental record of climate is particularly short (~40 years except in a few isolated locations on the coast), and ice core proxy data are the only means available for extending this record into the past. The use of stable isotopes of water (18-O/16-O and D/H ratios) from ice cores as proxies for temperature is well established for both very short (i.e. seasonal) and long timescales (centuries, millennia). Using multivariate regression methods and shallow ice cores from West Antarctica, a reconstruction of Antarctic climate over the last ~150 years has been developed which suggests the continent has been warming, on average, at a rate of ~0.2 K/century. Further improving these reconstructions is the chief motivation for further extending the US ITASE project. Ten to fifteen shallow (~100 m) from Victoria Land, East Antarctica will be obtained and analyzed. The core will be collected along a traverse route beginning at Taylor Dome and ending at the South Pole. Age-depth relationships for the cores will be determined through a combination of stable isotopes, visual stratigraphy and seasonal chemical signatures and marker horizons. Reconstructions of Antarctic climate obtained from these cores will be incorporated into the global network of paleoclimate information, which has been important in science, policy and educational contexts. The project will include graduate student and postdoctoral training and field experience.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Climate; Cryosphere; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Isotope; ITASE; Meteorology; Paleoclimate; Satellite Remote Sensing; Weather Station Data", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Steig, Eric J.", "project_titles": "Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000202", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "ITASE", "south": -90.0, "title": "Stable Isotope Studies at East Antarctic US ITASE Sites", "uid": "600042", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0538195 Marone, Chris", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to conduct laboratory experiments and numerical modeling to determine the constitutive properties of subglacial till under dynamic stressing and to test the hypothesis that granular properties of till are sufficient, when coupled elastically to a large ice stream, to reproduce the field observations of triggered slip and subglacial seismicity. Testing will be carried out in a servo-controlled biaxial shear device under controlled temperature and stress conditions, which will allow both sliding and microstructural processes to be studied in detail. The main focus of the work will be on laboratory measurements. In addition, we will construct continuum models to evaluate whether our results can predict complex ice sheet motions and observed characteristics of subglacial seismicity. In terms of broader impacts, the proposed work will encourage interactions between the rock-mechanics and glaciology communities and will bring together members of different scientific backgrounds and vocabularies, but similar problems and data. The project will train undergraduate and graduate students at Penn State University and the scientists involved plan to give presentations to grade school classes, scout groups, and at community open houses. Results will be presented at professional meetings and will be published in a timely manner. The work will result in a better understanding of glacial motion and the physics of earthquake slip, which is essential for understanding ice sheet dynamics and earthquake hazard.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Glacial Till; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Lab Experiment; Marine Sediments; Physical Properties; Solid Earth", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Marone, Chris; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar", "project_titles": "Laboratory Study of Stick-Slip Behavior and Deformation Mechanics of Subglacial Till", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000554", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Laboratory Study of Stick-Slip Behavior and Deformation Mechanics of Subglacial Till"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Laboratory Study of Stick-Slip Behavior and Deformation Mechanics of Subglacial Till", "uid": "600054", "west": null}, {"awards": "0538594 Ponganis, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165.983 -77.683,166.0164 -77.683,166.0498 -77.683,166.0832 -77.683,166.1166 -77.683,166.15 -77.683,166.1834 -77.683,166.2168 -77.683,166.2502 -77.683,166.2836 -77.683,166.317 -77.683,166.317 -77.6897,166.317 -77.6964,166.317 -77.7031,166.317 -77.7098,166.317 -77.7165,166.317 -77.7232,166.317 -77.7299,166.317 -77.7366,166.317 -77.7433,166.317 -77.75,166.2836 -77.75,166.2502 -77.75,166.2168 -77.75,166.1834 -77.75,166.15 -77.75,166.1166 -77.75,166.0832 -77.75,166.0498 -77.75,166.0164 -77.75,165.983 -77.75,165.983 -77.7433,165.983 -77.7366,165.983 -77.7299,165.983 -77.7232,165.983 -77.7165,165.983 -77.7098,165.983 -77.7031,165.983 -77.6964,165.983 -77.6897,165.983 -77.683))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The research will examine blood and muscle oxygen store depletion in relation to the documented aerobic dive limit (ADL, onset of post-dive blood lactate accumulation) in diving of emperor penguins. The intellectual merits of this proposal involve its evaluation of the physiological basis of the ADL concept. The ADL is probably the most commonly-used, but rarely measured, factor to interpret and model the behavior and foraging ecology of diving animals. Based on prior studies, and on recent investigations of respiratory and blood oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins, it is hypothesized that the ADL is a result of the depletion of myoglobin (Mb)-bound oxygen and increased glycolysis in the primary locomotory muscles. This project will accurately define the physiological mechanisms underlying the ADL through 1) evaluation of the rate and magnitude of muscle oxygen depletion during dives in relation to the previously measured ADL, 2) characterization of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve in blood of emperor penguins and comparison of that curve to those of other diving and non-diving species, 3) application of the emperor hemoglogin-oxygen dissociation curve to previously collected oxygen and hemoglobin data in order to estimate the rate and magnitude of blood oxygen depletion during dives, and 4) measurement of muscle phosphoocreatine and glycogen concentrations in order to estimate their potential contributions to muscle energy metabolism during diving. The project also continues the census and monitoring of the emperor colonies in the Ross Sea, which is especially important in light of both fisheries activity and the movement of iceberg B15-A. Broader impacts of the project include: 1) technological development of microprocessor-based, \u0027backpack\u0027 near-infrared spectrophotometer, which will be applicable not only to other species, but also to other fields (i.e., exercise physiology), 2) collaboration with the Department of Anesthesia at the U.S. Naval Hospital in San Diego in the training of anesthesia residents in research techniques, 3) the training and thesis research of two graduate students in these techniques and in Antarctic field research, and 4) a better understanding of the ADL concept and its use in the fields of diving behavior and physiology. In addition the annual census of emperor penguin colonies in the Ross Sea, in conjunction with the continued evaluation of previously developed remote cameras to monitor colony status, will form the basis of a new educational web site, and allow development of an educational outreach program to school children through SeaWorld of San Diego.", "east": 166.317, "geometry": ["POINT(166.15 -77.7165)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Penguin; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.683, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Ponganis, Paul", "project_titles": "The Aerobic Dive Limit: Oxygen Transport and Depletion in Emperor Penguins", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000535", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The Aerobic Dive Limit: Oxygen Transport and Depletion in Emperor Penguins"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.75, "title": "The Aerobic Dive Limit: Oxygen Transport and Depletion in Emperor Penguins", "uid": "600057", "west": 165.983}, {"awards": "0229546 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(168 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 25 Nov 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Time series of tiltmeter observations (tilt about two horizontal axes in microradians) for a 34 day period on iceberg C16 while it was aground near Ross Island in late 2001 to early 2002. Data shows tilts associated with differential basal melting of the iceberg, tidal motion and short-term tilts induced by iceberg tremor phenomena triggered by collisions between B15A and C16. The sample rate was 5 seconds. Data are available in comma-delimited ASCII format. Data are available via FTP.", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(168 -77)"], "keywords": "Glaciology; Iceberg; Oceans; Ross Ice Shelf; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Tiltmeter", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Ross Ice Shelf", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kim, Young-Jin; Bliss, Andrew; MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000117", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Iceberg Tiltmeter Measurements, Antarctica", "uid": "609353", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "0636899 Mende, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Auroral protons are not energized by electric fields directly above the auroral atmosphere and therefore they are a much better diagnostic of processes deep in the magnetosphere. It has been shown from measurements from space by the IMAGE spacecraft that the dayside hydrogen emission is directly related to dayside reconnection processes. A four channel all-sky images had been operating at South Pole during 2004-2007 to observe auroral features in specific wavelengths channels that allowed a quantitative investigation of proton aurora. This was accomplished by measuring the Hydrogen Balmer beta line at 486.1 nm and by monitoring another wavelength band for subtracting non proton produced background emissions. South Pole allows these measurements because of the 24 hour darkness and favorable conditions even on the dayside. To increase the scientific return it was also attempted to measure the Doppler shift of the hydrogen emissions because that provides diagnostics regarding the energy of the protons. Thus the proton camera measured 3 wavelength bands simultaneously in the vicinity of the Balmer beta line to provide the line intensity near zero Doppler shift, at a substantial Doppler shift and a third channel for background. \n\nThe 4-channel all-sky camera at South Pole was modified in 2008 in order to observe several types of auroras, and to distinguish the cusp reconnection aurora from the normal plasma sheet precipitation. The camera simultaneously operates in four wavelength regions that allow a distinction between auroras that are created by higher energy electrons (greater than 1 keV) and those created by low energy (less than 500 eV) precipitation. The cusp is the location where plasma enters the magnetosphere through the process of magnetic reconnection. This reconnection occurs where the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) and the terrestrial magnetic field are oriented in opposite directions. \n\nThe data are represented as keograms (geomagnetic north-south slices through the time series of images) for the four different wavelengths. The top of the keogram points to the magnetic south pole. The time series allows a very quick assessment about the presence of aurora, motion, intensity, and brightness differences in the four simultaneously registered channels.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Aurora; Cosmos; Photo/video; Photo/Video", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Frey, Harald; Mende, Stephen", "project_titles": "Antarctic Auroral Imaging", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000361", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Auroral Imaging"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Antarctic Auroral Imaging", "uid": "600070", "west": null}, {"awards": "0229638 Ponganis, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -77,163.4 -77,163.8 -77,164.2 -77,164.6 -77,165 -77,165.4 -77,165.8 -77,166.2 -77,166.6 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.6 -78,166.2 -78,165.8 -78,165.4 -78,165 -78,164.6 -78,164.2 -78,163.8 -78,163.4 -78,163 -78,163 -77.9,163 -77.8,163 -77.7,163 -77.6,163 -77.5,163 -77.4,163 -77.3,163 -77.2,163 -77.1,163 -77))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The emperor penguin, Aptenodytes forsteri, is the premier avian diver and a top predator in the Antarctic ecosystem. The routine occurrence of 500-m diver during foraging trips to sea is both a physiological and behavior enigma. The objectives of this project address how and why emperors dive as deep and long as they do. The project examines four major topics in the diving biology of emperor penguins: pressure tolerance, oxygen store management, end-organ tolerance of diving hypoxemia/ischemia, and deep-dive foraging behavior. These subjects are relevant to the role of the emperor as a top predator in the Antarctic ecosystem, and to critical concepts in diving physiology, including decompression sickness, nitrogen narcosis, shallow water blackout, hypoxemic tolerance, and extension of aerobic dive time. The following hypotheses will be tested: 1) Prevention of nitrogen narcosis and decompression sickness in emperor penguins is achieved by inhibition of pulmonary gas exchange at depth. 2) Shallow water black out does not occur because of greater cerebral hypoxemic tolerance, and, in deep dives, because of resumption of pulmonary gas exchange during final ascent. 3) The rate of depletion of the blood oxygen store is a function of depth of dive and heart rate. 4) The aerobic dive limit (ADL) reflects the onset of lactate accumulation in locomotory muscle, not total depletion of all oxygen stores. 5) Elevation of tissue antioxidant capacity and free-radical scavenging enzyme activities protect against the routine ischemia/reperfusion which occur during diving. 6) During deep dives, the Antarctic silverfish, Pleuorogramma antarcticum, is the primary prey item for emperors. In addition to evaluation of the hypotheses below, the project has broader impacts in several areas such as partnership with foreign and national institutes and organizations (e.g., the National Institute of Polar Research of Japan, Centro de Investigacioines del Noroeste of Mexico, National Geographic, the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, and Sea World). Participation in National Geographic television documentaries will provide unique educational opportunities for the general public; development of state-of-the-art technology (e.g., blood oxygen electrode recorders, blood samplers, and miniaturized digital cameras) will lay the groundwork for future research by this group and others; and the effects of the B15 iceberg on breeding success of emperor penguins will continue to be evaluated with population censuses during planned fieldwork at several Ross Sea emperor penguin colonies.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Penguin; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Ponganis, Paul", "project_titles": "Diving Physiology and Behavior of Emperor Penguins", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000239", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Diving Physiology and Behavior of Emperor Penguins"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Diving Physiology and Behavior of Emperor Penguins", "uid": "600031", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "0338359 Saltzman, Eric", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-144.39 -89.93)"], "date_created": "Sat, 10 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set is an analysis of methyl chloride (CH3Cl) and methyl bromide (CH3Br) in Antarctic ice core samples. Investigators reported mixing ratios of methyl chloride gas extracted from samples taken from the South Pole Remote Earth Science and Seismological Observatory (SPRESSO) core, drilled as part of the International Trans Antarctic Science Expedition (ITASE). This data covers an age range of 2159 - 140 years before present (Y.B.P.) where the year 2000 was used as present. Investigators analyzed trace gases in ice core samples from Siple Dome, West Antarctica (dry-drilled C core and deep, fluid-drilled A core) and from South Pole, Antarctica (300 m dry drilled SPRESSO core). Data are available in Microsoft Excel format and are available via FTP.", "east": -144.39, "geometry": ["POINT(-144.39 -89.93)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Records; ITASE; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome Ice Core; South Pole; SPRESSO; SPRESSO Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctica; South Pole", "north": -89.93, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat; Williams, Margaret; Tatum, Cheryl", "project_titles": "Methyl chloride and methyl bromide in Antarctic ice cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000032", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Methyl chloride and methyl bromide in Antarctic ice cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -89.93, "title": "Antarctic Ice Cores: Methyl Chloride and Methyl Bromide", "uid": "609313", "west": -144.39}, {"awards": "9526566 Bindschadler, Robert", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-119.4 -80.01)", "POINT(-174.45 -82.52)", "POINT(-84 -75.9)", "POINT(160.41 -74.21)"], "date_created": "Tue, 28 Nov 2006 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes daily, monthly, and yearly mean surface air temperatures for four interior West Antarctic sites between 1978 and 1997. Data include air surface temperatures measured at the Byrd, Lettau, Lynn, and Siple Station automatic weather stations. In addition, because weather stations in Antarctica are difficult to maintain, and resulting multi-decade records are often incomplete, the investigators also calculated surface temperatures from satellite passive microwave brightness temperatures. Calibration of 37-GHz vertically polarized brightness temperature data during periods of known air temperature, using emissivity modeling, allowed the investigators to replace data gaps with calibrated brightness temperatures.\n\nMS Excel data files and GIF images derived from the data are available via ftp from the National Snow and Ice Data Center.", "east": 160.41, "geometry": ["POINT(-119.4 -80.01)", "POINT(-174.45 -82.52)", "POINT(-84 -75.9)", "POINT(160.41 -74.21)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Automated Weather Station; Meteorology; Temperature; West Antarctica", "locations": "West Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -74.21, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Shuman, Christopher A.; Stearns, Charles R.", "project_titles": "Passive Microwave Remote Sensing for Paleoclimate Indicators at Siple Dome, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000191", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Passive Microwave Remote Sensing for Paleoclimate Indicators at Siple Dome, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -82.52, "title": "Decadal-Length Composite West Antarctic Air Temperature Records", "uid": "609097", "west": -174.45}, {"awards": "9909469 Scambos, Ted", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-158 -82.2,-155.63 -82.2,-153.26 -82.2,-150.89 -82.2,-148.52 -82.2,-146.15 -82.2,-143.78 -82.2,-141.41 -82.2,-139.04 -82.2,-136.67 -82.2,-134.3 -82.2,-134.3 -82.33,-134.3 -82.46,-134.3 -82.59,-134.3 -82.72,-134.3 -82.85,-134.3 -82.98,-134.3 -83.11,-134.3 -83.24,-134.3 -83.37,-134.3 -83.5,-136.67 -83.5,-139.04 -83.5,-141.41 -83.5,-143.78 -83.5,-146.15 -83.5,-148.52 -83.5,-150.89 -83.5,-153.26 -83.5,-155.63 -83.5,-158 -83.5,-158 -83.37,-158 -83.24,-158 -83.11,-158 -82.98,-158 -82.85,-158 -82.72,-158 -82.59,-158 -82.46,-158 -82.33,-158 -82.2))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Aug 2003 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes ice motion and topography measurements that were taken by measuring movement and altitude of poles set in the West Antarctic Ice Shelf. The data was acquired by Global Positioning System (GPS) measurements of poles. The position of the poles was measured twice; once in 2000, and again in 2002. Movement of the poles in that time show the ice motion velocity and direction.\n GPS pole positions are given in latitude and longitude, and elevations are given in meters above the WGS1984 ellipsoid. The data are presented as tables in ASCII text files. Three maps of the area are included with the data tables.\n\nThe National Science Foundation (NSF) funded this work under grant number OPP-9909469.", "east": -134.3, "geometry": ["POINT(-146.15 -82.85)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Geodesy; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Kamb Ice Stream", "locations": "Antarctica; Kamb Ice Stream", "north": -82.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Scambos, Ted; Catania, Ginny; Conway, Howard; Gades, Anthony; Raymond, Charles", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: History and Evolution of the Siple Coast Ice Stream System as Recorded by Former Shear-Margin Scars", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000165", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: History and Evolution of the Siple Coast Ice Stream System as Recorded by Former Shear-Margin Scars"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -83.5, "title": "Ice Motion and Topography Near Margin Areas of Kamb Ice Stream, Antarctica", "uid": "609141", "west": -158.0}]

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