USAP-DC

{"dp_type": "Dataset", "free_text": "Mn"}

[{"awards": "0839024 Measures, Christopher", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -72,-179.7 -72,-179.4 -72,-179.1 -72,-178.8 -72,-178.5 -72,-178.2 -72,-177.9 -72,-177.6 -72,-177.3 -72,-177 -72,-177 -72.58,-177 -73.16,-177 -73.74,-177 -74.32,-177 -74.9,-177 -75.48,-177 -76.06,-177 -76.64,-177 -77.22,-177 -77.8,-177.3 -77.8,-177.6 -77.8,-177.9 -77.8,-178.2 -77.8,-178.5 -77.8,-178.8 -77.8,-179.1 -77.8,-179.4 -77.8,-179.7 -77.8,180 -77.8,178 -77.8,176 -77.8,174 -77.8,172 -77.8,170 -77.8,168 -77.8,166 -77.8,164 -77.8,162 -77.8,160 -77.8,160 -77.22,160 -76.64,160 -76.06,160 -75.48,160 -74.9,160 -74.32,160 -73.74,160 -73.16,160 -72.58,160 -72,162 -72,164 -72,166 -72,168 -72,170 -72,172 -72,174 -72,176 -72,178 -72,-180 -72))"], "date_created": "Fri, 26 Jun 2026 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Dissolved Fe and Mn of seawater samples were determined using a ICPMS. The samples were collected for trace metal determinations at 15 stations from the RV NB Palmer using a custom-built US CLIVAR trace metal clean rosette. This sampling was carried out between Jan 17 and Feb 13, 2011", "east": -177.0, "geometry": ["POINT(171.5 -74.9)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Fe; ICP-MS; Iron; Magnesium; Mn; NBP1101; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Southern Ocean; Trace Elements", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -72.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": null, "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8, "title": "Dissolved trace metal data NBP cruise NSF-ANT08-39024", "uid": "600392", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "2040571 Smith, Walker", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((168 -76.2,168.2 -76.2,168.4 -76.2,168.6 -76.2,168.8 -76.2,169 -76.2,169.2 -76.2,169.4 -76.2,169.6 -76.2,169.8 -76.2,170 -76.2,170 -76.28,170 -76.36,170 -76.44,170 -76.52,170 -76.6,170 -76.68,170 -76.76,170 -76.84,170 -76.92,170 -77,169.8 -77,169.6 -77,169.4 -77,169.2 -77,169 -77,168.8 -77,168.6 -77,168.4 -77,168.2 -77,168 -77,168 -76.92,168 -76.84,168 -76.76,168 -76.68,168 -76.6,168 -76.52,168 -76.44,168 -76.36,168 -76.28,168 -76.2))"], "date_created": "Wed, 07 Jan 2026 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The data were collected by two gliders deployed in the southern Ross Sea from November, 2022 to January, 2023. They include water column data on temperature, salinity, optical backscatter at two wave lengths, fluorescence, and photosynthetically active radiation.", "east": 170.0, "geometry": ["POINT(169 -76.6)"], "keywords": "Adelie Penguin; Antarctica; Chlorophyll; Cryosphere; Oceans; Ross Sea; Salinity; Temperature", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -76.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Smith, Walker", "project_titles": "NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research \"P2P: Predators to Plankton -Biophysical Controls in Antarctic Polynyas\"", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010273", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Collaborative Research \"P2P: Predators to Plankton -Biophysical Controls in Antarctic Polynyas\""}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Water column data collected by sea gliders in the Ross Sea in 2022 and 2023", "uid": "602017", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "0732625 Leventer, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64.76 -65.75,-64.759 -65.75,-64.75800000000001 -65.75,-64.757 -65.75,-64.756 -65.75,-64.755 -65.75,-64.754 -65.75,-64.753 -65.75,-64.752 -65.75,-64.751 -65.75,-64.75 -65.75,-64.75 -65.751,-64.75 -65.752,-64.75 -65.753,-64.75 -65.754,-64.75 -65.755,-64.75 -65.756,-64.75 -65.757,-64.75 -65.75800000000001,-64.75 -65.759,-64.75 -65.76,-64.751 -65.76,-64.752 -65.76,-64.753 -65.76,-64.754 -65.76,-64.755 -65.76,-64.756 -65.76,-64.757 -65.76,-64.75800000000001 -65.76,-64.759 -65.76,-64.76 -65.76,-64.76 -65.759,-64.76 -65.75800000000001,-64.76 -65.757,-64.76 -65.756,-64.76 -65.755,-64.76 -65.754,-64.76 -65.753,-64.76 -65.752,-64.76 -65.751,-64.76 -65.75))"], "date_created": "Wed, 12 Nov 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The diatom data presented here are from marine sediment core samples collected on the 2010 LARISSA cruise \u2013 NBP1001. The location of the 2 cores, NBP1001 JKC55 and JPC127, is outer Barilari Bay, western Antarctic Peninsula. The cores were paired, a shorter jumbo kasten core and a longer jumbo piston core. These data were generated by Sunmi Jeong, under the direction of Amy Leventer (aleventer@colgate.edu), Department of Earth and Environmental Geosciences, Colgate University. All questions regarding the specifics of these data should be directed to Amy Leventer.\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003eName\tLatitude\tLongitude\tWater depth (m)\tCore length (m)\r\n\u003cbr/\u003eNBP1001 JKC55\t65\u00ba45.38\u00baS\t64\u00ba45.64\u00baW\t652\t4.26\r\n\u003cbr/\u003eNBP1001 JPC127\t65\u00ba45.36\u00baS\t64\u00ba45.64\u00baW\t653\t8.68\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003eTwo published papers describe these cores and present the radiocarbon-based chronology:\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003eChrist, A., Talaia-Murray, M., Domack, E., Leventer, A., Lavoie, C., Brachfeld, S., Yoo, K.-C., Gilbert, R., Jeong, S.-M., Wellner, J., 2014. Late Holocene glacial advance and ice shelf growth in Barilari Bay, Graham Land, West Antarctic Peninsula, Geological Society of America Bulletin, doi:10.1130/B31035.1.\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003eReilly, B.T., Natter, C.J., Brachfeld, S.A., 2016. Holocene glacial activity in Barilari Bay, west Antarctic Peninsula, tracked by magnetic mineral assemblages: Linking ice, ocean, and atmosphere, Geochem. Geophys. Geosyst., 17, 4553\u20134565, doi:10.1002/2016GC006627.\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003eIn the Micropaleontology lab at Colgate University, about 10-100 mg of sediment were weighed to the tenth of a mg and placed in 20 ml glass vials. Vials were placed on a warming tray set to 50 degrees C and 1 mL of hydrogen peroxide was added to each vial, followed by RH2O. This was done to oxidize organic material. Successive additions of 1 mL of hydrogen peroxide were done until samples had stopped reacting. RH2O was added as needed to avoid samples drying out. Slides then were made using the random settling and slide preparation methods in Scherer (1994).\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003eDiatoms were observed with an Olympus BX50 microscope using the 100x/1.30 oil immersion objective and 10x eyepieces, for a total magnification of 1000x. For each slide, at least 400 diatom valves were counted along non-overlapping transects. Valves were only counted if \u003e50% complete, and diatoms were identified to the species level when possible, using identifications from Johansen and Fryxell (1985), Priddle and Fryxell (1985), Cremer et al. (2003), and Cefarelli et al. (2010). Unidentified diatoms were placed in either the unidentified centric diatom or unidentified pennate diatom category.\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003eCefarelli, A., Ferrario, M., Almandoz, G., Atencio, A., Akselman, R. \u0026 Vernet, M. (2010). Diversity of the diatom genus Fragilariopsis in the Argentine Sea and Antarctic waters: Morphology, distribution and abundance. Polar Biology, 33. 10.1007/s00300-010-0794-z.\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003eCremer, H., Roberts, D., McMinn, A., Gore, D. \u0026 Melles, M. (2003). The Holocene Diatom Flora of Marine Bays in the Windmill Islands, East Antarctica. Botanica Marina, 46(1), 82-106. https://doi.org/10.1515/BOT.2003.010\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003eJohansen, Jeffrey R.; Fryxell, Greta A. (1985). The genus Thalassiosira (Bacillariophyceae): studies on species occurring south of the Antarctic Convergence Zone. Phycologia, 24 (2). 155-179. 10.2216/i0031-8884-24-2-155.1\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003ePriddle, J.; Fryxell, G. (1985). Handbook of the common plankton diatoms of the Southern Ocean: Centrales except the genus Thalassiosira. Cambridge, British Antarctic Survey, 159pp.\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e\r\n\u003cbr/\u003eScherer, R.P. (1994) A new method for the determination of absolute abundance of diatoms and other silt-sized sedimentary particles. J Paleolimnology, 12, 171\u2013179. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00678093\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e", "east": -64.75, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.755 -65.755)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Cryosphere; Holocene; Jumbo Piston Corer; Paleoclimate", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -65.75, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Leventer, Amy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -65.76, "title": "Quantitative Diatom Assemblage Data from Barilari Bay, Antarctic Peninsula acquired during expedition NBP1001", "uid": "601995", "west": -64.76}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 07 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Phylogenetic analyses of MN alpha and beta hemoglobin genes and all their partitions (5\u2019 UTR, Exons 1, 2, and 3, Introns 1 and 2, and 3\u2019 UTR).", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctic; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Evolution; Fish; Gene; Hemoglobin; Icefish; Notothenioid; Sub-Antarctic", "locations": "Antarctic; Sub-Antarctic; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Desvignes, Thomas; Rivera-Col\u00f3n, Angel G.; Postlethwait, John", "project_titles": "Evolution of hemoglobin genes in notothenioid fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010417", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Evolution of hemoglobin genes in notothenioid fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Phylogenetic analyses of MN hemoglobin genes.", "uid": "601971", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 07 Aug 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Transposable Elements and Repeat Analysis in notothenioid fishes, including the codes used for the analyses, the Transposable Elements (TE) and repeat database used for the analyses, the results obtained for the analyses genome-wide, in the LA cluster region, on the entire chromosome containing the LA region, and the MN cluster region. Similar data and scripts can be found in the associated GitHub repository: https://github.com/arcolon14/notos_hb_repeats", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctic; Cryosphere; Evolution; Fish; Gene; Hemoglobin; Icefish; Notothenioid; Sub-Antarctic; Transposable Elements", "locations": "Sub-Antarctic; Antarctic", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Desvignes, Thomas; Rivera-Col\u00f3n, Angel G.; Postlethwait, John", "project_titles": "Evolution of hemoglobin genes in notothenioid fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010417", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Evolution of hemoglobin genes in notothenioid fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Transposable Elements and Repeat Analysis in notothenioid fishes.", "uid": "601970", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "2326960 Doddi, Abhiram", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((38 -68,38.7 -68,39.4 -68,40.1 -68,40.8 -68,41.5 -68,42.2 -68,42.9 -68,43.6 -68,44.3 -68,45 -68,45 -68.3,45 -68.6,45 -68.9,45 -69.2,45 -69.5,45 -69.8,45 -70.1,45 -70.4,45 -70.7,45 -71,44.3 -71,43.6 -71,42.9 -71,42.2 -71,41.5 -71,40.8 -71,40.1 -71,39.4 -71,38.7 -71,38 -71,38 -70.7,38 -70.4,38 -70.1,38 -69.8,38 -69.5,38 -69.2,38 -68.9,38 -68.6,38 -68.3,38 -68))"], "date_created": "Thu, 22 May 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The GODSILA (Guided Observations of Dynamic Shear Instability Layers over Antarctica) field campaign was carried out over 44 days between the 25th of December 2023 and the 6th of February 2024 at the Antarctic Syowa Station to achieve the primary research goals of this project. In situ measurements of standard meteorological parameters including high-resolution turbulent wind and temperature fluctuations were acquired using a custom balloon-borne instrument called HYFLITS (Hypersonic FLights in the Turbulent Stratosphere) concurrently with twice daily radiosonde launches. Continuous observations from the PANSY radar system surveyed the tropo-stratospheric column over Syowa Station throughout the field campaign. The PANSY radar data and the twice-daily AMPS forecasts were extensively used to determine the HYFLITS instrument deployment schedules. The GODSILA field campaign dataset comprises in situ meteorological measurements from 40 successfully deployed HYFLITS payloads, 96 radiosonde soundings, and over 1000 hours of PANSY radar observations of mean and turbulent wind components.", "east": 45.0, "geometry": ["POINT(41.5 -69.5)"], "keywords": "Air Temperature; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Pressure; Relative Humidity; Syowa Station; Turbulance; Wind Speed", "locations": "Syowa Station; Antarctica", "north": -68.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Doddi, Abhiram", "project_titles": "RAPID: In-situ Observations to Characterize Multi-Scale Turbulent Atmospheric Processes Impacting Climate at Southern High Latitudes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010420", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RAPID: In-situ Observations to Characterize Multi-Scale Turbulent Atmospheric Processes Impacting Climate at Southern High Latitudes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -71.0, "title": "Guided Observations of Dynamic Shear Instability Layers over Antarctica (GODSILA) field campaign dataset", "uid": "601934", "west": 38.0}, {"awards": "2336354 Juarez Rivera, Marisol; 1937748 Sumner, Dawn", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(163.1146 -77.6078)"], "date_created": "Wed, 02 Oct 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains measurements of microbial mat thickness and number of laminae from Lake Fryxell, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica. Holes were melted through the ice cover of Lake Fryxell, which allowed tethered divers to collect benthic microbial mats (non-liftoff and liftoff) and microbial mats at the ice-water interface (float mats). Benthic non-liftoff and liftoff mat samples were collected from 4.3 m (n=4), 6.1 m (n=4), and 7.9 m (n=4) depths. Float mats were collected from the ice-water interface above 4.3 m (n=4), 6.1 m (n=4), and 7.9 m (n=5) depths. The mats were dissected along vertical cross sections in the field to measure mat thickness and number of laminae. Additional funding for this work was provided by the NASA Solar System Workings Program (Award #80NSSC22K0709).", "east": 163.1146, "geometry": ["POINT(163.1146 -77.6078)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Dry Valleys; Lake Fryxell; Laminae; Microbial Mat; Thickness", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica; Lake Fryxell; Dry Valleys", "north": -77.6078, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Juarez Rivera, Marisol; Mackey, Tyler; Hawes, Ian; Paul, Ann; Sumner, Dawn", "project_titles": "RAPID: Is Biomass Mobilization at Ice-covered Lake Fryxell, Antarctica reaching a Critical Threshold?; Seasonal Primary Productivity and Nitrogen Cycling in Photosynthetic Mats, Lake Fryxell, McMurdo Dry Valleys", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010467", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RAPID: Is Biomass Mobilization at Ice-covered Lake Fryxell, Antarctica reaching a Critical Threshold?"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010219", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Seasonal Primary Productivity and Nitrogen Cycling in Photosynthetic Mats, Lake Fryxell, McMurdo Dry Valleys"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.6078, "title": "Lake Fryxell 2022-2023 benthic microbial mat thickness and number of laminae", "uid": "601839", "west": 163.1146}, {"awards": "1853377 Shero, Michelle; 0838892 Burns, Jennifer; 0838937 Costa, Daniel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -72,-179.8 -72,-179.6 -72,-179.4 -72,-179.2 -72,-179 -72,-178.8 -72,-178.6 -72,-178.4 -72,-178.2 -72,-178 -72,-178 -72.7,-178 -73.4,-178 -74.1,-178 -74.8,-178 -75.5,-178 -76.2,-178 -76.9,-178 -77.6,-178 -78.3,-178 -79,-178.2 -79,-178.4 -79,-178.6 -79,-178.8 -79,-179 -79,-179.2 -79,-179.4 -79,-179.6 -79,-179.8 -79,180 -79,178.2 -79,176.4 -79,174.6 -79,172.8 -79,171 -79,169.2 -79,167.4 -79,165.6 -79,163.8 -79,162 -79,162 -78.3,162 -77.6,162 -76.9,162 -76.2,162 -75.5,162 -74.8,162 -74.1,162 -73.4,162 -72.7,162 -72,163.8 -72,165.6 -72,167.4 -72,169.2 -72,171 -72,172.8 -72,174.6 -72,176.4 -72,178.2 -72,-180 -72))"], "date_created": "Fri, 20 Sep 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Diel vertical migrations (DVM) have been well-documented across numerous taxa, with prey descend through the water column during daylight hours to avoid visual predators and feed at the surface at night. However, the ability of marine mammals such as Weddell seals (Leptonychotes weddellii) to follow prey to depths is likely constrained by limited breath-hold capacities and the physiological consequences of pushing aerobic thresholds. In particular, dives that exceed the aerobic dive limit require exponentially longer surface recuperation times to clear lactate byproducts from circulation. This is time that the animals then cannot spend foraging. In this study, we assess the circadian organization of the Weddell seal\u0027s dive efforts and when animals make their longest/deepest (most \u0027extreme\u0027) dives that far exceed aerobic thresholds. Sixty-two adult Weddell seals were instrumented with satellite linked relay loggers in the Ross Sea to collect behavioral information across the austral winter. Daily activities are likely to shift across the year in a highly-seasonal polar environment, and through this \u0027natural experiment\u0027 we test how free-ranging seals alter foraging behavior during Polar Day and Night (continuous light, LL and dark, DD, respectively) and varying light/dark (LD) cycling across the year.", "east": -178.0, "geometry": ["POINT(172 -75.5)"], "keywords": "Aerobic; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Weddell Seal", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -72.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Shero, Michelle", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Physiological and Genetic Correlates of Reproductive Success in High- versus Low-Quality Weddell seals; Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000661", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010369", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Physiological and Genetic Correlates of Reproductive Success in High- versus Low-Quality Weddell seals"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.0, "title": "Weddell seal dive behavior and rhythmicity from 2010-2012 in the Ross Sea", "uid": "601835", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 23 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes measurements of the Deuterium isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Methane (\u03b4D-CH4) of gas bubbles from the Talos Dome Ice Core (TALDICE). All measurements were made at the University of Bern Ice Core Laboratory (Bern, Switzerland) using a new methane stable isotope analytical system. The data are displayed as a function of TALDICE depth and were corrected for gravitational and diffusional fractionation that occurs in the firn column according to Buizert et al., 2013. 1-sigma measurement uncertainty is also included and is determined from analytical uncertainty and uncertainties associated with diffusional and gravitational fractionation. Additional funding for this work was provided by the Swiss National Foundation: Award #200020_172506, and #200020B_200328L.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Abrupt Climate Change; Antarctica; Biogeochemical Cycles; Carbon Cycle; Cryosphere; Ice Core Records; Talos Dome", "locations": "Talos Dome; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Riddell-Young, Benjamin; Iseli, Rene; Lee, James; Schmitt, Jochen; Fischer, Hubertus; Bauska, Thomas; Menking, James; Clark, Reid; Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Deuterium isotopic composition of atmospheric methane across Dansgaard Oesgher Event 8, Talos Dome Ice Core, Antarctica", "uid": "601814", "west": null}, {"awards": "1745078 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 23 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes ~60-year resolution measurements of the Carbon-13 and Deuterium isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Methane (\u03b413C-CH4 and \u03b4D-CH4, respectively) of gas bubbles from the WAIS Divide Replicate Ice Core. All measurements were made at the University of Bern Ice Core Laboratory (Bern, Switzerland) using a new methane stable isotope analytical system. The data includes depth-adjacent replicate samples (separated by no more than 0.3m of depth). The data are displayed as a function of WAIS Divide Replicate Core depth and were corrected for gravitational and diffusional fractionation that occurs in the firn column according to Buizert et al., 2013. 1-sigma measurement uncertainty is also included and is determined from analytical uncertainty and uncertainties associated with diffusional and gravitational fractionation. Additional funding for this work was provided by the Swiss National Foundation, Awards #200020_172506 and #200020B_200328L.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Abrupt Climate Change; Antarctica; Atmospheric Gases; Biogeochemical Cycles; Carbon Cycle; Cryosphere; Greenhouse Gas; Methane; West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide", "locations": "West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Riddell-Young, Benjamin; Lee, James; Schmitt, Jochen; Fischer, Hubertus; Bauska, Thomas; Menking, Andy; Iseli, Rene; Clark, Reid; Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010416", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": null, "title": "Carbon-13 and Deuterium isotopic composition of atmospheric methane across Heinrich Stadial 4, and Dansgaard Oesgher Event 8, WAIS Divide Replicate Ice Core, Antarctica", "uid": "601813", "west": null}, {"awards": "1644171 Blackburn, Terrence; 2042495 Blackburn, Terrence", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161.9 -77.65,161.96 -77.65,162.02 -77.65,162.08 -77.65,162.14000000000001 -77.65,162.2 -77.65,162.26 -77.65,162.32 -77.65,162.38 -77.65,162.44 -77.65,162.5 -77.65,162.5 -77.66000000000001,162.5 -77.67,162.5 -77.68,162.5 -77.69,162.5 -77.7,162.5 -77.71000000000001,162.5 -77.72,162.5 -77.73,162.5 -77.74,162.5 -77.75,162.44 -77.75,162.38 -77.75,162.32 -77.75,162.26 -77.75,162.2 -77.75,162.14000000000001 -77.75,162.08 -77.75,162.02 -77.75,161.96 -77.75,161.9 -77.75,161.9 -77.74,161.9 -77.73,161.9 -77.72,161.9 -77.71000000000001,161.9 -77.7,161.9 -77.69,161.9 -77.68,161.9 -77.67,161.9 -77.66000000000001,161.9 -77.65))"], "date_created": "Mon, 01 Jul 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains uranium and thorium isotopic compositions (U-234, U-235, U-238, Th-230, Th-232) and major element compositions (Al, K, Na, Ca, Fe, Mn, reported as oxides) for silicate sediments from glaciogenic drifts associated with advances of Taylor Glacier in Taylor Valley, Antarctica. Isotopic measurements were obtained by ID-TIMS in the Keck Isotope Facility at UC Santa Cruz and elemental measurements were obtained by ICP-OES in the Plasma Analytical Laboratory. All measurements include fully propagated analytical and systematic (e.g. isotopic tracer) uncertainties. Chemical index of alteration was calculated from major element data. Prior to measurements, sediments were sieved to \u2264125 \u03bcm grain sizes, separated into quartz-feldspar-rich and clay-rich aliquots by hydraulic settling, and subjected to sequential chemical extractions (\"leaching\") prior to silicate digestion.", "east": 162.5, "geometry": ["POINT(162.2 -77.7)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Erosion; Isotope Data; Major Elements; Soil; Taylor Glacier; Taylor Valley", "locations": "Taylor Valley; Taylor Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -77.65, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Edwards, Graham; Piccione, Gavin; Blackburn, Terrence; Tulaczyk, Slawek", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing East Antarctica\u2019s Past Response to Climate using Subglacial Precipitates; U-Series Comminution Age Constraints on Taylor Valley Erosion", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010192", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing East Antarctica\u2019s Past Response to Climate using Subglacial Precipitates"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010243", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "U-Series Comminution Age Constraints on Taylor Valley Erosion"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.75, "title": "U-Th isotopes and major elements in sediments from Taylor Valley, Antarctica", "uid": "601806", "west": 161.9}, {"awards": "9896041 Padman, Laurence; 1443677 Padman, Laurence", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -40.231,-144 -40.231,-108 -40.231,-72 -40.231,-36 -40.231,0 -40.231,36 -40.231,72 -40.231,108 -40.231,144 -40.231,180 -40.231,180 -45.2079,180 -50.1848,180 -55.161699999999996,180 -60.1386,180 -65.1155,180 -70.0924,180 -75.0693,180 -80.0462,180 -85.0231,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -85.0231,-180 -80.0462,-180 -75.0693,-180 -70.0924,-180 -65.1155,-180 -60.138600000000004,-180 -55.1617,-180 -50.1848,-180 -45.2079,-180 -40.231))"], "date_created": "Wed, 27 Mar 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "CATS2008_v2023 is an update of the original CATS2008 tide model (Howard et al., 2019 [https://doi.org/10.15784/601235]; Padman et al., 2002 [https://doi.org/10.3189/172756402781817752]). It introduces a new model file format, increased resolution, more accurate coastlines, and a simple scaling for ice shelf flexure near grounding lines. The changes included in the new CATS2008_v2023 model are: (1) The CATS2008 model has been interpolated to a finer grid (2 km for CATS2008_v2023 vs 4 km for CATS2008) to provide a better representation of coastlines and ice shelf grounding lines. (2) Coastlines have been adjusted to match BedMachine Antarctica v3 (Morlighem et al., 2020 [https://doi.org/10.1038/s41561-019-0510-8]; Morlighem, 2022 [https://doi.org/10.5067/FPSU0V1MWUB6]). Areas that were previously grounded and had no tidal constituent data in CATS2008 have been filled using MATLAB\u0027s \u2018regionfill\u2019 function, applied to the real and imaginary components of tidal constituents individually. An ocean mask matching BedMachine Antarctica v3 is provided in the model file to mask out grounded areas. (3) Water depth (water column thickness under ice shelves) has been adjusted to match BedMachine Antarctica v3. (4) An ice shelf flexure model has been included for estimating tidal deflections in grounding zones. Flexure is approximated by a forward 1D linear elastic model applied to BedMachine Antarctica v3 ice geometry, with elastic modulus E=4.8 GPa and Poisson\u0027s ratio nu=0.4. The ice flexure can be included as an option when using TMD3.0 (Greene et al., 2024 [https://doi.org/10.21105/joss.06018]) and pyTMD (Sutterley, 2024 [https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.10501349]) software packages. (5) The model is provided as a consolidated NetCDF file that can be used with TMD3.0 and pyTMD, but not with earlier TMD versions. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Inverse Modeling; Model Data; Ocean Currents; Oceans; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Tide Model; Tides", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Sea Surface", "north": -40.231, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Howard, Susan L.; Greene, Chad A.; Padman, Laurence; Erofeeva, Svetlana; Sutterley, Tyler", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE); Ocean Tides around Antarctica and in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010035", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Uncovering the Ross Ocean and Ice Shelf Environment and Tectonic setting Through Aerogeophysical Surveys and Modeling (ROSETTA-ICE)"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010116", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ocean Tides around Antarctica and in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "CATS2008_v2023: Circum-Antarctic Tidal Simulation 2008, version 2023", "uid": "601772", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1443585 Polito, Michael; 1443386 Emslie, Steven; 1443424 McMahon, Kelton; 1826712 McMahon, Kelton", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -61.59,-168.969 -61.59,-157.938 -61.59,-146.90699999999998 -61.59,-135.876 -61.59,-124.845 -61.59,-113.814 -61.59,-102.783 -61.59,-91.752 -61.59,-80.72099999999999 -61.59,-69.69 -61.59,-69.69 -63.195,-69.69 -64.8,-69.69 -66.405,-69.69 -68.01,-69.69 -69.61500000000001,-69.69 -71.22,-69.69 -72.825,-69.69 -74.43,-69.69 -76.035,-69.69 -77.64,-80.721 -77.64,-91.752 -77.64,-102.783 -77.64,-113.814 -77.64,-124.845 -77.64,-135.876 -77.64,-146.90699999999998 -77.64,-157.938 -77.64,-168.969 -77.64,180 -77.64,179.02100000000002 -77.64,178.042 -77.64,177.063 -77.64,176.084 -77.64,175.10500000000002 -77.64,174.126 -77.64,173.147 -77.64,172.168 -77.64,171.18900000000002 -77.64,170.21 -77.64,170.21 -76.035,170.21 -74.43,170.21 -72.825,170.21 -71.22,170.21 -69.61500000000001,170.21 -68.01,170.21 -66.405,170.21 -64.8,170.21 -63.195,170.21 -61.59,171.18900000000002 -61.59,172.168 -61.59,173.147 -61.59,174.126 -61.59,175.10500000000002 -61.59,176.084 -61.59,177.063 -61.59,178.042 -61.59,179.02100000000002 -61.59,-180 -61.59))"], "date_created": "Tue, 09 Jan 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains measurements of nitrogen (\u03b415N) stable isotope values of twelve individual amino acids from modern and excavated eggshell of Ad\u00e9lie penguins (Pygoscelis adelidae) from multiple sites around the Antarctic Peninsula and Ross Sea regions of Antarctica. Stable isotope analyses were conducted using a gas chromatograph coupled to a continuous flow stable isotope ratio mass spectrometer. Radiocarbon dates of excavated eggshells were estimated using accelerator Mass Spectrometry (AMS) on bone, feather, and egg membrane tissues from the same ornithogenic layer as the eggshell and were completed at the Rafter Radiocarbon Laboratory and New Zealand (NZA), Beta Analytic, Inc. (Beta). All dates were corrected for the marine carbon reservoir effect and calibrated to calendar years before present (cal years BP) using a \u0394R of 750\u2009\u00b1\u200950 years and the MARINE13 calibration curve in Calib 7.0 (2\u03c3 range). \r\n\r\nThis data set indexes each individually analyzed eggshell sample with site (location), latitude, longitude, tissue used from radiocarbon dating, age of the sample, and nitrogen stable isotope values of individual amino acids. Details of the data set and all relevant methods are provided in Michelson et al. 2023 Limnol. Oceanogr. DOI:10.1002/lno.12446", "east": 170.21, "geometry": ["POINT(-129.74 -69.61500000000001)"], "keywords": "Adelie Penguin; Amino Acids; Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Ross Sea; Stable Isotope Analysis; Trophic Position", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -61.59, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Michelson, Chantel; Polito, Michael; Wonder, Michael; McCarthy, Matthew; Patterson, William; McMahon, Kelton; Emslie, Steven D.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010047", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.64, "title": "Amino acid nitrogen isotope values of modern and ancient Ad\u00e9lie penguin eggshells from the Ross Sea and Antarctic Peninsula regions", "uid": "601760", "west": -69.69}, {"awards": "2023303 Purkey, Sarah", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 31 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "A global CFC Data product is derived used the Time-Corrected Method (TCM) in order to estimate CFCs and SF6 ocean concentration back to 1940. The Green\u0027s functions (GFs), describing the steady-state transport from the surface to the ocean interior, is solved, constrained by observations. From the GFs, we reconstruct global tracer concentrations (and associated uncertainties) in the ocean interior at annual resolution (1940\u20132021). The spatial resolution includes 50 neutral density levels that span the water column along World Ocean Circulation Experiment/Global Ocean Ship-Based Hydrographic Investigations Program lines. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; CFCs; GLODAP; Ocean Model; Ocean Ventilation; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Cimoli, Laura; Purkey, Sarah; Gebbie, Jack", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current: A Conduit or Blender of Antarctic Bottom Waters?", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010220", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Antarctic Circumpolar Current: A Conduit or Blender of Antarctic Bottom Waters?"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Ocean CFC reconstructed data product", "uid": "601752", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1753101 Bernard, Kim", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64 -64,-63.6 -64,-63.2 -64,-62.8 -64,-62.4 -64,-62 -64,-61.6 -64,-61.2 -64,-60.8 -64,-60.4 -64,-60 -64,-60 -64.1,-60 -64.2,-60 -64.3,-60 -64.4,-60 -64.5,-60 -64.6,-60 -64.7,-60 -64.8,-60 -64.9,-60 -65,-60.4 -65,-60.8 -65,-61.2 -65,-61.6 -65,-62 -65,-62.4 -65,-62.8 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.6 -65,-64 -65,-64 -64.9,-64 -64.8,-64 -64.7,-64 -64.6,-64 -64.5,-64 -64.4,-64 -64.3,-64 -64.2,-64 -64.1,-64 -64))"], "date_created": "Fri, 28 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The dataset includes an Excel file with the results of an experiment performed on juvenile Antarctic krill from May 2019 to September 2019 at Palmer Station, Antarctica. The krill were maintained in four aquarium tanks filled with approximately 1,330 L of seawater and were exposed to one of four different food environment scenarios (FES) based on the tank they were randomly placed in. The Excel file contains data for the total length (in mm), dry weight (in mg), and percent carbon content of the krill exposed to each FES. See Bernard et al. (2022) for more information about the experimental methods and results. ", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62 -64.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Krill; Palmer Station; Winter", "locations": "Antarctica; Palmer Station", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Bernard, Kim", "project_titles": "CAREER: \"The Omnivore\u0027s Dilemma\": The Effect of Autumn Diet on Winter Physiology and Condition of Juvenile Antarctic Krill", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010124", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "CAREER: \"The Omnivore\u0027s Dilemma\": The Effect of Autumn Diet on Winter Physiology and Condition of Juvenile Antarctic Krill"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "2019 Krill Carbon Content", "uid": "601709", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "1753101 Bernard, Kim", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64 -64,-63.6 -64,-63.2 -64,-62.8 -64,-62.4 -64,-62 -64,-61.6 -64,-61.2 -64,-60.8 -64,-60.4 -64,-60 -64,-60 -64.1,-60 -64.2,-60 -64.3,-60 -64.4,-60 -64.5,-60 -64.6,-60 -64.7,-60 -64.8,-60 -64.9,-60 -65,-60.4 -65,-60.8 -65,-61.2 -65,-61.6 -65,-62 -65,-62.4 -65,-62.8 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.6 -65,-64 -65,-64 -64.9,-64 -64.8,-64 -64.7,-64 -64.6,-64 -64.5,-64 -64.4,-64 -64.3,-64 -64.2,-64 -64.1,-64 -64))"], "date_created": "Fri, 28 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The dataset includes an Excel file with the results of an experiment performed on juvenile Antarctic krill from May 2019 to September 2019 at Palmer Station, Antarctica. The krill were maintained in four aquarium tanks filled with approximately 1,330 L of seawater and were exposed to one of four different food environment scenarios (FES) based on the tank they were randomly placed in. The Excel file contains morphometric data for the krill placed in each of the four tanks. The data includes the body length (in mm), wet weight (in g), and dry weight (in g) of the krill. See Bernard et al. (2022) for more information about the experimental methods and results. ", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62 -64.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Krill; Palmer Station; Winter", "locations": "Antarctica; Palmer Station", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Bernard, Kim", "project_titles": "CAREER: \"The Omnivore\u0027s Dilemma\": The Effect of Autumn Diet on Winter Physiology and Condition of Juvenile Antarctic Krill", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010124", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "CAREER: \"The Omnivore\u0027s Dilemma\": The Effect of Autumn Diet on Winter Physiology and Condition of Juvenile Antarctic Krill"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "2019 Krill Morphometrics", "uid": "601708", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "1753101 Bernard, Kim", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64 -64,-63.6 -64,-63.2 -64,-62.8 -64,-62.4 -64,-62 -64,-61.6 -64,-61.2 -64,-60.8 -64,-60.4 -64,-60 -64,-60 -64.1,-60 -64.2,-60 -64.3,-60 -64.4,-60 -64.5,-60 -64.6,-60 -64.7,-60 -64.8,-60 -64.9,-60 -65,-60.4 -65,-60.8 -65,-61.2 -65,-61.6 -65,-62 -65,-62.4 -65,-62.8 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.6 -65,-64 -65,-64 -64.9,-64 -64.8,-64 -64.7,-64 -64.6,-64 -64.5,-64 -64.4,-64 -64.3,-64 -64.2,-64 -64.1,-64 -64))"], "date_created": "Fri, 28 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The dataset includes an Excel file with the results of an experiment performed on juvenile Antarctic krill from May 2019 to September 2019 at Palmer Station, Antarctica. The krill were maintained in four aquarium tanks filled with around 1,330 L of seawater and were exposed to one of four different food environment scenarios (FES) based on the tank they were randomly placed in. The Excel file contains data relating to the lipid content of the krill. See Bernard et al. (2022) for more information about the experimental methods and results. ", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62 -64.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Krill; Palmer Station; Winter", "locations": "Antarctica; Palmer Station", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Bernard, Kim", "project_titles": "CAREER: \"The Omnivore\u0027s Dilemma\": The Effect of Autumn Diet on Winter Physiology and Condition of Juvenile Antarctic Krill", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010124", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "CAREER: \"The Omnivore\u0027s Dilemma\": The Effect of Autumn Diet on Winter Physiology and Condition of Juvenile Antarctic Krill"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Feeding Experiment - Krill Lipid Classes", "uid": "601707", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "1753101 Bernard, Kim", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64 -64,-63.6 -64,-63.2 -64,-62.8 -64,-62.4 -64,-62 -64,-61.6 -64,-61.2 -64,-60.8 -64,-60.4 -64,-60 -64,-60 -64.1,-60 -64.2,-60 -64.3,-60 -64.4,-60 -64.5,-60 -64.6,-60 -64.7,-60 -64.8,-60 -64.9,-60 -65,-60.4 -65,-60.8 -65,-61.2 -65,-61.6 -65,-62 -65,-62.4 -65,-62.8 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.6 -65,-64 -65,-64 -64.9,-64 -64.8,-64 -64.7,-64 -64.6,-64 -64.5,-64 -64.4,-64 -64.3,-64 -64.2,-64 -64.1,-64 -64))"], "date_created": "Fri, 28 Jul 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The dataset includes an Excel file that contains demographic data for krill in the Gerlache Strait. Data collection involved a research vessel collecting krill from various depths along the strait using trawling (the specific net used was the Isaacs-Kidd Midwater Trawl (IKMT)). The data collection occurred between June 11, 2023 and June 19, 2023. All of the data are presented in their raw format. ", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-62 -64.5)"], "keywords": "Abundance; Antarctica; Antarctic Krill", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Bernard, Kim", "project_titles": "CAREER: \"The Omnivore\u0027s Dilemma\": The Effect of Autumn Diet on Winter Physiology and Condition of Juvenile Antarctic Krill", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010124", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "CAREER: \"The Omnivore\u0027s Dilemma\": The Effect of Autumn Diet on Winter Physiology and Condition of Juvenile Antarctic Krill"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Gerlache Strait Krill Demographics", "uid": "601706", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "1745078 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.086 -79.468)"], "date_created": "Wed, 26 Apr 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes ~60-year resolution measurements of the Carbon-13 isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Methane (\u03b413C-CH4) of gas bubbles from the WAIS Divide Ice Core. All measurements were made at the Oregon State University Ice Core and Quaternary Geochemistry Laboratory (Corvallis, OR) using a new methane stable isotope analytical system. The data includes depth-adjacent replicate samples (separated by no more than 0.3m of depth) and is split up into two sheets for the two different intervals measured (Heinrich Stadial 1 and Heinrich Stadial 5 / Dansgaard Oeschger Event 12). The data are displayed as a function of WAIS Divide depth and were corrected for gravitational and diffusional fractionation that occurs in the firn column according to Buizert et al., 2013. 1-sigma measurement uncertainty is also included and is determined from analytical uncertainty and uncertainties associated with diffusional and gravitational fractionation.\r\n\r\nThe manuscript presenting and analyzing these data is in preparation for publication as of April 2023. ", "east": -112.086, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.086 -79.468)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Methane; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica", "north": -79.468, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Riddell-Young, Benjamin", "project_titles": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010416", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.468, "title": "Carbon-13 isotopic composition of atmospheric methane across Heinrich Stadials 1 and 5, and Dansgaard Oesgher Event 12, WAIS Divide Ice Core, Antarctica", "uid": "601683", "west": -112.086}, {"awards": "1443397 Kreutz, Karl", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-180 -90)"], "date_created": "Thu, 16 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains biologically relevant trace metal concentrations metrics for the\r\nSPICEcore intermediate core (SPC14), from the surface to 1751 m (~54 ka). The data set\r\nincludes cleaned Fe and Mn biologically relevant concentrations (operationally defined pH 5)\r\ntrace mental concentration measurements and dissolved concentrations (operationally defined as concentration \u0026lt;0.45\u00b5m and acidified to \u0026lt;pH 1).", "east": -180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-180 -90)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; South Pole; SPICEcore", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kreutz, Karl", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: South Pole Ice Core Chronology and Climate Records using Chemical and Microparticle Measurements", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010051", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: South Pole Ice Core Chronology and Climate Records using Chemical and Microparticle Measurements"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "Preliminary SPC14 high-resolution Fe and Mn biologically relevant and dissolved trace metal concentrations spanning -42 \u2013 54,300 years BP.", "uid": "601675", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1543347 Rosenheim, Brad", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149.59134 -84.640287)"], "date_created": "Mon, 13 Mar 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes radiocarbon (\u00b9\u2074C) and stable carbon isotope (\u03b4\u00b9\u00b3C) data for a sediment core from Mercer Subglacial Lake. In addition, this dataset includes \u00b9\u2074C and \u03b4\u00b9\u00b3C for dissolved organic carbon, dissolved inorganic carbon, and particulate organic carbon from the Mercer Subglacial Lake water column. ", "east": -149.59134, "geometry": ["POINT(-149.59134 -84.640287)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Isotope; Mercer Subglacial Lake; Radiocarbon; Subglacial Lake", "locations": "Antarctica; Mercer Subglacial Lake", "north": -84.640287, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Venturelli, Ryan; Rosenheim, Brad", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010119", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.640287, "title": "Mercer Subglacial Lake radiocarbon and stable isotope data ", "uid": "601672", "west": -149.59134}, {"awards": "1543537 Priscu, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains water column biogeochemical properties measured on discrete samples collected from Mercer Subglacial Lake by the SALSA project. Data included are: specific conductance; carbonic acid system parameters (total alkalinity, total inorganic carbon, and pH); water stable isotopes (\u03b42H and \u03b418O); dissolved gases (oxygen, methane, nitrous oxide, and hydrogen); dissolved nutrients (ammonium, nitrite and phosphate), major anions (including nitrate) and cations; size-fractionated colloidal and dissolved trace elements); dissolved organic carbon; and microbial cell and virus-like particle counts.", "east": -149.50134, "geometry": ["POINT(-149.50134 -84.640287)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon; Cell Counts; Geochemistry; Glacier; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Mercer Subglacial Lake; Microbes; Nutrients; SALSA; Stable Isotopes; Trace Elements; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Mercer Subglacial Lake; Mercer Subglacial Lake; Antarctica", "north": -84.640287, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Dore, John; Skidmore, Mark; Hawkings, Jon; Steigmeyer, August; Li, Wei; Barker, Joel; Tranter, Martyn; Priscu, John; Science Team, SALSA", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010119", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Subglacial Antarctic Lakes Scientific Access (SALSA): Integrated Study of Carbon Cycling in Hydrologically-active Subglacial Environments"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.640287, "title": "Water column biogeochemical data from Mercer Subglacial Lake", "uid": "601663", "west": -149.50134}, {"awards": "1744602 Iken, Katrin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-68 -64.5,-67.5 -64.5,-67 -64.5,-66.5 -64.5,-66 -64.5,-65.5 -64.5,-65 -64.5,-64.5 -64.5,-64 -64.5,-63.5 -64.5,-63 -64.5,-63 -64.95,-63 -65.4,-63 -65.85,-63 -66.3,-63 -66.75,-63 -67.2,-63 -67.65,-63 -68.1,-63 -68.55,-63 -69,-63.5 -69,-64 -69,-64.5 -69,-65 -69,-65.5 -69,-66 -69,-66.5 -69,-67 -69,-67.5 -69,-68 -69,-68 -68.55,-68 -68.1,-68 -67.65,-68 -67.2,-68 -66.75,-68 -66.3,-68 -65.85,-68 -65.4,-68 -64.95,-68 -64.5))"], "date_created": "Tue, 10 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The purpose of this dataset was to determine the importance of macroalgal primary producers to the coastal invertebrate food webs along a gradient of sites with increasing mean annual sea ice cover. This dataset contains the carbon and nitrogen stable isotope values, in addition to carbon and nitrogen content, of various coastal primary producers and invertebrate consumers from 15 stations along the Antarctic Peninsula from 64 to 69 degree latitude south collected in 2019. Primary producers included multiple species of macroalgae, particulate organic matter (POM) as a proxy of phytoplankton production, and benthic diatoms (where they occurred). Consumers included various benthic invertebrates of different feeding types, from suspension feeders (like sponges and ascidians) to predators/omnivores (like sea stars). ", "east": -63.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65.5 -66.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Carbon; Carbon Isotopes; LMG1904; Nitrogen Isotopes; Oceans", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -64.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Iken, Katrin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Carbon and nitrogen isotope data along a gradient at the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "601653", "west": -68.0}, {"awards": "2021245 Li, Yun; 1643735 Li, Yun", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -61.8,180 -63.6,180 -65.4,180 -67.2,180 -69,180 -70.8,180 -72.6,180 -74.4,180 -76.2,180 -78,144 -78,108 -78,72 -78,36 -78,0 -78,-36 -78,-72 -78,-108 -78,-144 -78,-180 -78,-180 -76.2,-180 -74.4,-180 -72.6,-180 -70.8,-180 -69,-180 -67.2,-180 -65.4,-180 -63.6,-180 -61.8,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Mon, 12 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Coastal Antarctic polynyas are regions with concentrated phytoplankton blooms, and therefore have important implications for marine ecosystems and the associated carbon cycles. Seasonal water-column stratification, regulated by sea ice, can modulate the exposure of phytoplankton to light and nutrients, and is one of the most important factors that control the duration and strength of algal blooms. Polynyas differ greatly in their stratification, thus are not equally productive in terms of phytoplankton biomass, nor equally vulnerable to the changes in regional climate. To date, most studies have been focusing on individual polynyas, yet a systematic assessment of stratification patterns across polynyas is still lacking. Therefore, we examined the spatial and seasonal variability of stratification in circum-Antarctic coastal polynyas. Using \u003e105 in situ hydrographic casts combined from the World Ocean Database (1970-2021) and the Marine Mammals Exploring the Oceans Pole to Pole Consortium Database (2004-2017), we constructed stratification seasonal climatology using 0-100 m Simpson Energy. Our results showed that stratification magnitude varies by a factor of 6 and its onset time displays 1-2 months difference across all the polynyas. In the presence of warmer water at depths, polynyas tend to develop stronger stratification than others. The spatial variations of stratification are negatively related to sea ice retreat rate and polynya size, indicative of distinct dynamics resulted from the interaction of sea ice melting, advection and water-column mixing.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctic; Antarctica; Antarctic Coastal Polynyas; Polynya", "locations": "Antarctic Coastal Polynyas; Antarctic; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Li, Yun; Shunk, Nathan; Zhang, Weifeng", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010044", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Monthly Stratification Climatology (1978-2021) in Antarctic Coastal Polynyas", "uid": "601628", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "9319379 Blankenship, Donald", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -75,-172 -75,-164 -75,-156 -75,-148 -75,-140 -75,-132 -75,-124 -75,-116 -75,-108 -75,-100 -75,-100 -76.5,-100 -78,-100 -79.5,-100 -81,-100 -82.5,-100 -84,-100 -85.5,-100 -87,-100 -88.5,-100 -90,-108 -90,-116 -90,-124 -90,-132 -90,-140 -90,-148 -90,-156 -90,-164 -90,-172 -90,180 -90,172 -90,164 -90,156 -90,148 -90,140 -90,132 -90,124 -90,116 -90,108 -90,100 -90,100 -88.5,100 -87,100 -85.5,100 -84,100 -82.5,100 -81,100 -79.5,100 -78,100 -76.5,100 -75,108 -75,116 -75,124 -75,132 -75,140 -75,148 -75,156 -75,164 -75,172 -75,-180 -75))"], "date_created": "Sun, 24 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "These data represent the 1-km decimated version of the SOAR ice thickness data provided to the Bedmap2 project, collected as part of various projects between 1991 and 2001. It encompasses the Corridor Aerogeophysics of the South East Ross Zone (CASERTZ) surveys of the Byrd Subglacial Basin (BSB), Bindschadler Ice Stream (WAZ/TKD), and the upstream catchments of Kamb Ice Steam and Willians Ice Stream (IRE); targeted West Antarctic glaciology projects (IPB/WAZ/DVD/STI/LIV); corridors across the Transantarctic Mountains to South Pole (PPT) and Dome C (WLK); and a version of the Lake Vostok dataset (LVS). Data were collected as stacked log detected traces by the SOAR TUD IV system with an attached digitizer. The digitizer was significantly updated in 1997 (RTZ6). Data interpretation approaches can be found in Blankenship et al., 2001.\r\n\r\nData is in ASCII format. Transects are separated by GMT style segment headers with the transect name.\r\nColumns are:\r\n1. Year\r\n2. Day of Year\r\n3. Seconds of Day\r\n4. Longitude (degrees, WGS-84)\r\n5. Latitude (degrees, WGS-84)\r\n6. Easting (meters, EPSG 3031; Polar Stereographic with true scale at 71\u02daS)\r\n7. Northing (meters, EPSG 3031; Polar Stereographic with true scale at 71\u02daS)\r\n8. Surface Elevation (meters, WGS-84) - derived where possible from laser data\r\n9. Ice thickness (meters, using a speed of light in air of 299705000 m/s and a refractive index of 1.78; no firn correction)\r\n10. Bed Elevation (meters, WGS-84) - column 8 minus column 9\r\n11. The transect name formatted by Project/Set/Transect\r\n", "east": 100.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-180 -82.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Ice Penetrating Radar; Ice Thickness; SOAR", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Blankenship, Donald D.; Young, Duncan A.; Kempf, Scott D.", "project_titles": "Continuation of Activities for the Support Office for Aerogeophysical Research (SOAR)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000125", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Continuation of Activities for the Support Office for Aerogeophysical Research (SOAR)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Support Office for Airborne Research 1 km sampled ice thickness data", "uid": "601588", "west": -100.0}, {"awards": "1245871 McCarthy, Christine", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Thu, 23 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains text files for the experimental logs of ice-on-rock friction experiments that were conducted in a double direct shear apparatus at temperatures of -16.4 C to -2 C. There are eleven files (C28-C34, C39-C41, and C44). Each file contains 4 columns of data that correspond to time (s), vertical displacement (microns), friction, and velocity. The data were prepared by converting voltages from experimental feedbacks, to appropriate units using calibrations, as conducted separate. Miscellaneous loading and unloading data were removed and the data was filtered modestly (100 point moving average filter in matlab). The data set includes all information needed to plot friction or velocity vs. time or displacement from the beginning to end of the run. ", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "McCarthy, Christine M.; Skarbek, Rob; Savage, Heather", "project_titles": "Laboratory Study of Ice Deformation under Tidal Loading Conditions with Application to Antarctic Glaciers", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010186", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Laboratory Study of Ice Deformation under Tidal Loading Conditions with Application to Antarctic Glaciers"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Dataset for Tidal modulation of ice streams: Effect of periodic sliding velocity on ice friction and healing", "uid": "601497", "west": null}, {"awards": "1947040 Postlethwait, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-65.3 -63.3,-65 -63.3,-64.7 -63.3,-64.4 -63.3,-64.1 -63.3,-63.8 -63.3,-63.5 -63.3,-63.2 -63.3,-62.9 -63.3,-62.6 -63.3,-62.3 -63.3,-62.3 -63.47,-62.3 -63.64,-62.3 -63.81,-62.3 -63.98,-62.3 -64.15,-62.3 -64.32,-62.3 -64.49,-62.3 -64.66,-62.3 -64.83,-62.3 -65,-62.6 -65,-62.9 -65,-63.2 -65,-63.5 -65,-63.8 -65,-64.1 -65,-64.4 -65,-64.7 -65,-65 -65,-65.3 -65,-65.3 -64.83,-65.3 -64.66,-65.3 -64.49,-65.3 -64.32,-65.3 -64.15,-65.3 -63.98,-65.3 -63.81,-65.3 -63.64,-65.3 -63.47,-65.3 -63.3))"], "date_created": "Thu, 16 Dec 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Temperature profiles at five fishing locations on the West Antarctic Peninsula during austral fall 2018. All profiles were recorded using a DST centi-TD Miniature Temperature and Depth Data Logger (Star-Oddi, Gar\u00f0ab\u00e6r, Iceland) mounted on one of the two otters of the fishing net, thus continuously recording temperature while going down, at the bottom, and while ascending the water column. The two temperature profiles in the Gerlache Strait were recorded using XBT probes (Expendable Bathythermograph) Sippican Deep Blue 760-M and thus show unidirectional temperature profiles.", "east": -62.3, "geometry": ["POINT(-63.8 -64.15)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -63.3, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Desvignes, Thomas", "project_titles": "EAGER: Origin and Physiological Consequences of a Neoplasm Outbreak in Antarctic Fish ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010221", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: Origin and Physiological Consequences of a Neoplasm Outbreak in Antarctic Fish "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Temperature profiles at five fishing locations on the West Antarctic Peninsula during austral fall 2018.", "uid": "601495", "west": -65.3}, {"awards": "2039432 Grapenthin, Ronni; 1643952 Grapenthin, Ronni; 1917149 Grapenthin, Ronni", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166 -77.1,166.39 -77.1,166.78 -77.1,167.17 -77.1,167.56 -77.1,167.95 -77.1,168.34 -77.1,168.73 -77.1,169.12 -77.1,169.51 -77.1,169.9 -77.1,169.9 -77.18,169.9 -77.26,169.9 -77.34,169.9 -77.42,169.9 -77.5,169.9 -77.58,169.9 -77.66,169.9 -77.74,169.9 -77.82,169.9 -77.9,169.51 -77.9,169.12 -77.9,168.73 -77.9,168.34 -77.9,167.95 -77.9,167.56 -77.9,167.17 -77.9,166.78 -77.9,166.39 -77.9,166 -77.9,166 -77.82,166 -77.74,166 -77.66,166 -77.58,166 -77.5,166 -77.42,166 -77.34,166 -77.26,166 -77.18,166 -77.1))"], "date_created": "Fri, 03 Sep 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "We use NASA\u0027s Jet Propulsion Laboratory\u0027s (JPL) GipsyX software in PPP mode with ambiguity resolution \r\napplied to 24 hour segments of data to generate daily position solutions. We use JPL\u0027s orbit and\r\nclock products and International GNSS Service (IGS) antenna phase center models. Where available, \r\nwe use JPL\u0027s second order ionospheric corrections, otherwise we fall back on those provided by the \r\nIGS. To correct tropospheric delays, we use the GPT2 model as implemented in GipsyX. Ocean tidal \r\nloading corrections utilize the TPXO7.2 and ATLAS model, a combination of hydrodynamic model and \r\naltimetry data, with respect to Earth\u0027s Center of Mass implemented in SPOTL. We obtain position \r\nsolutions for each station day in a fiducial-free reference frame, which we then transform into \r\nthe 2014 International Reference Frame using JPL\u0027s transformation coefficients and generate\r\ntimeseries of position change relative to the first epoch, given in the *.series files which \r\nare ASCII files with the following columns:\r\n\r\ndecimal year\r\ndisplacement east (m)\r\ndisplacement north (m)\r\ndisplacement up (m) \r\nsigma east (m)\r\nsigma north (m)\r\nsigma up (m)\r\neast-north covariance\r\neast-up covariance\r\nnorth-up covariance\r\nYear (YYYY)\r\nMonth (MM)\r\nDay (DD)\r\nHour (hh)\r\nMinute (mm)\r\nSecond (ss)\r\nSolution path\r\n \r\nWe generate position time series relative to stable Antarctic plate by removing the plate velocities \r\nmodeled by Argus et al (2010). These are provided in the *.npy files that be readily read into \r\npython scripts:\r\n\r\npos_ts = np.load(\u0027test.npy\u0027).flatten()[0]\r\n\r\npos_ts[\u0027itrf\u0027] provides the ITRF data as above\r\npos_ts[\u0027plate\u0027] provides the data with Antarctic plate motion removed. ", "east": 169.9, "geometry": ["POINT(167.95 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; GPS; Mount Erebus; Ross Island", "locations": "Antarctica; Ross Island; Mount Erebus; Ross Island", "north": -77.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Grapenthin, Ronni", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Multi-Parameter Geophysical Constraints on Volcano Dynamics of Mt. Erebus and Ross Island, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010255", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Multi-Parameter Geophysical Constraints on Volcano Dynamics of Mt. Erebus and Ross Island, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.9, "title": "Erebus GPS timeseries ", "uid": "601471", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "1643684 Saito, Mak", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -70,-173.5 -70,-167 -70,-160.5 -70,-154 -70,-147.5 -70,-141 -70,-134.5 -70,-128 -70,-121.5 -70,-115 -70,-115 -70.8,-115 -71.6,-115 -72.4,-115 -73.2,-115 -74,-115 -74.8,-115 -75.6,-115 -76.4,-115 -77.2,-115 -78,-121.5 -78,-128 -78,-134.5 -78,-141 -78,-147.5 -78,-154 -78,-160.5 -78,-167 -78,-173.5 -78,180 -78,179.2 -78,178.4 -78,177.6 -78,176.8 -78,176 -78,175.2 -78,174.4 -78,173.6 -78,172.8 -78,172 -78,172 -77.2,172 -76.4,172 -75.6,172 -74.8,172 -74,172 -73.2,172 -72.4,172 -71.6,172 -70.8,172 -70,172.8 -70,173.6 -70,174.4 -70,175.2 -70,176 -70,176.8 -70,177.6 -70,178.4 -70,179.2 -70,-180 -70))"], "date_created": "Wed, 20 Jan 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Nutrient from Amundsen Sea Ross Sea and Terra Nova Bay. Parameters include phosphate, N+N (nitrate + nitrite), silicic acid, nitrite and ammonia. Measured by Joe Jennings (OSU) using protocols described by Noble et al., 2012 (Limnol. Oceanogr.). Trace metal rosette CTD sensor data also included for bottle depths. ", "east": 172.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-151.5 -74)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; NBP1801; Nitrate; Nitrite; Nutrients; Phosphate; Ross Sea; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Silicic Acid; Terra Nova Bay", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Terra Nova Bay; Antarctica; Ross Sea", "north": -70.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Saito, Mak", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Cobalamin and Iron Co-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Species in Terra Nova Bay", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010045", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Cobalamin and Iron Co-Limitation Of Phytoplankton Species in Terra Nova Bay"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Nutrients from NBP18-01 CICLOPS", "uid": "601428", "west": -115.0}, {"awards": "1644196 Cziko, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Broadband underwater acoustic recordings from the McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory mooring near the seaward terminus of the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty. An omnidirectional Ocean Sonics icListen hydrophone (SB2-ETH, SN 1713) recorded continuously at 512 kilosamples/second (256 kHz Nyquist frequency; 24 bit) for 2 years. The hydrophone was mounted vertically on a steel strut (insulated with rubber sheet) at about 70 cm above the mud/gravel seabed at 21m deep, with the sloping 45\u00b0 rubble face of the jetty just behind the hydrophone. Temporal coverage is \u003e90%, with gaps and truncated files arising due to network and power outages and software bugs. The audio recordings are 10 minute WAV files, compressed using the lossless FLAC code (Free Lossless Audio Codec, xiph.org; about 33MB of data/minute compressed; 100MB/min uncompressed). The hydrophone was under thick (to 3 m) sea ice cover for the majority of the dataset. The majority of the recorded biological sounds were produced by Weddell seals. Orca were present intermittently (~10 days total) in January-March in both summers. Known non-biological sounds include irregular low-intensity, broad-spectrum clicks and cracks from the sea ice cover, occasional wind noise, a 1.5-s gurgle with components to 200kHz every 90s from the CTD\u2019s pump, a broad-spectrum mechanical sound for 3 min every 4 h from the observatory\u0027s underwater camera cleaning system, low-intensity whines (about 18, 58, 83, and 130 kHz, though variable over the dataset) thought to be from the station seawater pumps (\u003e100 m away within the jetty\u2019s well casing), and intermittent noises from tracked-vehicles and helicopters (September\u2013February), SCUBA divers (October\u2013December), and ships (January). Given hosting limitations, only every 6th file (roughly 10min/hour) has been archived here. Additional data can be obtained by contacting the primary author of the dataset, who will maintain it for as long as possible. Audio spectrogram images (PNGs) at three frequency ranges (three stacked panels per image, upper limits of 2.5, 25, and 256 kHz) from the entire dataset (all data, not subsampled) are also archived separately.", "east": 166.6645, "geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Bioacoustics; Biota; Hydroacoustics; Killer Whales; Leptonychotes Weddellii; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Orcinus Orca; Sea Ice; Weddell Seal; Whales", "locations": "Antarctica; McMurdo Sound", "north": -77.851, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Cziko, Paul", "project_titles": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010147", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.851, "title": "Long-term broadband underwater acoustic recordings from McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)", "uid": "601416", "west": 166.6645}, {"awards": "1644196 Cziko, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Long-term images taken by the camera from the McMurdo Oceanographic Observatory mooring in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica during its 2-year deployment (2017-2019). The mooring was situated at the seawater terminus of the McMurdo Station seawater intake jetty at 21 m deep, typically under thick sea ice cover. The automated 360\u00b0 pan-tilt-zoom (ptz) camera, inside of an air-filled self-cleaning dome, was programmed to move to 42 ptz \"waypoints\" every hour and take a still 1920x1080 JPG image for archiving. Lights, oriented in one direction only, illuminated a rock/rubble slope for much of each winter, when there was no natural illumination. The camera was situated on a concrete block, which elevated the camera about 1m off of the seabed. Motile and sessile benthic biota, including notothenioid fishes, anemones, pycnogonids, asteroids, soft-corals, sponges, and nudibranchs are commonly seen in the images. Some ptz waypoints survey the water column and underside of the sea ice, capturing also the presence of larval/juvenile fishes and other plankton/nekton in the water column. Maximum intervals between subsequent images from the same ptz waypoint were about 1 hour, though many waypoints were captured at somewhat higher frequency. Interval images, taken at 5-min intervals irrespective of camera orientation, were also captured. Images are occasionally obscured/impacted by the camera dome\u0027s wiper, darkness, low visibility, minor fouling of the camera dome, and out-of-focus lens elements. ", "east": 166.6645, "geometry": ["POINT(166.6645 -77.851)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Benthic Ecology; Benthic Invertebrates; Biota; McMurdo Sound; Notothenioid; Notothenioid Fishes; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Rocky Reef Community; Soft-Bottom Community; Timelaps Images", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Antarctica", "north": -77.851, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Cziko, Paul", "project_titles": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010147", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Severity and Internal Ice in Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.851, "title": "Long-term underwater images from around a single mooring site in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica (2017-2019)", "uid": "601417", "west": 166.6645}, {"awards": "0424589 Gogineni, S. Prasad; 0733025 Blankenship, Donald; 1443690 Young, Duncan; 0941678 ", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((114 -74,115.2 -74,116.4 -74,117.6 -74,118.8 -74,120 -74,121.2 -74,122.4 -74,123.6 -74,124.8 -74,126 -74,126 -74.3,126 -74.6,126 -74.9,126 -75.2,126 -75.5,126 -75.8,126 -76.1,126 -76.4,126 -76.7,126 -77,124.8 -77,123.6 -77,122.4 -77,121.2 -77,120 -77,118.8 -77,117.6 -77,116.4 -77,115.2 -77,114 -77,114 -76.7,114 -76.4,114 -76.1,114 -75.8,114 -75.5,114 -75.2,114 -74.9,114 -74.6,114 -74.3,114 -74))"], "date_created": "Fri, 18 Dec 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The data set published here consists of 26 ice-penetrating radar IRHs (internal reflecting horizons) which were traced across multiple ice-penetrating radar surveys that deployed several generations of modern ice-penetrating radar sounders over a decade, between 2008 and 2018, over the Dome C region of the East Antarctic Plateau. The data set is associated to publication: Cavitte, M. G. P, Young, D. A, Mulvaney, R., Ritz, C., Greenbaum, J. S., Ng, G., Kempf, S. D., Quartini, E., Muldoon, G. R., Paden, J., Frezzotti, M., Roberts, J. L. , Tozer, C. R. , Schroeder, D. M. and Blankenship, D. D. A detailed radiostratigraphic data set for the central East Antarctic Plateau spanning from the Holocene to the mid-Pleistocene, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4759\u20134777, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4759-2021.\r\n\r\nWe can subdivide the radar sounders used into three sets. The primary set was collected by the University of Texas at Austin Institute for Geophysics (UTIG) and the Australian Antarctic Division (AAD) as part of the ICECAP project) between 2008 and 2015. This includes the Oldest Ice candidate A (OIA) survey flown by ICECAP in January 2016. Data were collected with the High Capacity Airborne Radar Sounder (HiCARS) 1 \u0026 2 and its Multifrequency Airborne Radar-sounder for Full-phase Assessment (MARFA) descendant. The data was collected from a DC-3T Basler which operated from Concordia Station. \r\n\r\nThe second set consists of the Vostok-Dome C airborne radar transect was flown by the Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS) at the University of Kansas using the Multi-Channel Coherent Radar Depth Sounder (MCoRDS) in a single flight line in 2013. A P-3 Orion operating from McMurdo Station collected these data as part of NASA Operation Ice Bridge. \r\n\r\nThe third set consists of a subset of the LDC ground-based radar survey, towed behind a PistenBully PB300 tractor, collected by the Beyond EPICA - Oldest Ice (BE-OI) European Consortium using the British Antarctic Survey\u2019s (BAS) Deep Looking Radio Echo Sounder (DELORES) radar system. Each IRH has been traced in all three radar sets and is published here as a single csv and netcdf file. Formats are self-documented in these csv/netcdf files. \r\n\r\nWhere HiCARS and MCoRDS radar transects are used, the IRH is provided at a 1 km spatial resolution, where DELORES radar transects are used, the IRH is provided at a 250 m spatial resolution. \r\n\r\nThe 26 IRHs published here were traced semi-automatically by first author Marie Cavitte, using Landmark\u0027s Decision Space Desktop software and its built-in picker. \r\n\r\nThe IRHs are dated at the EDC ice core using the AICC2012 timescale (Veres et al., 2013; Bazin et al., 2013). \r\n\r\nIce core ages are transferred onto the IRHs on radar transect MCM/JKB1a/EDMC01a at distance_m (column in the data sets) = 110.153 m along the transect. That radar point of closest approach is 94\u2009m away from the ice core site. Depth and age uncertainties associated to each IRH are quantified n the associated publication: Cavitte, M. G. P, Young, D. A, Mulvaney, R., Ritz, C., Greenbaum, J. S., Ng, G., Kempf, S. D., Quartini, E., Muldoon, G. R., Paden, J., Frezzotti, M., Roberts, J. L. , Tozer, C. R. , Schroeder, D. M. and Blankenship, D. D. A detailed radiostratigraphic data set for the central East Antarctic Plateau spanning from the Holocene to the mid-Pleistocene, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 13, 4759\u20134777, 2021, https://doi.org/10.5194/essd-13-4759-2021. \r\n\n\r\n\r\nBesides NSF this dataset is the result of additional support from NERC grant - NE/D003733/1, NASA grants - NX08AN68G, NNX09AR52G, NNX11AD33G, NNX13AD53A, and funding from the G. Unger Vetlesen Foundation.\n\n\\nNote that the dataset was archived before the accompanying paper was officially published. The abstract and dataset description has been updated to cite the correct reference to the ESSD paper (Cavitte et al., 2021) after the paper was published. The headers of the actual data files contain only a placeholder to this reference.", "east": 126.0, "geometry": ["POINT(120 -75.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; East Antarctic Plateau; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; ICECAP; Ice Penetrating Radar; Internal Reflecting Horizons", "locations": "Antarctica; East Antarctic Plateau", "north": -74.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Cavitte, Marie G. P; Young, Duncan A.; Mulvaney, Robert; Ritz, Catherine; Greenbaum, Jamin; Ng, Gregory; Kempf, Scott D.; Quartini, Enrica; Muldoon, Gail R.; Paden, John; Frezzotti, Massimo; Roberts, Jason; Tozer, Carly; Schroeder, Dustin; Blankenship, Donald D.", "project_titles": "Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS); Collaborative Research: Southern Plateau Ice-sheet Characterization and Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (SPICECAP); IPY Research: Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000719", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "IPY Research: Investigating the Cryospheric Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (ICECAP)"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010115", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Southern Plateau Ice-sheet Characterization and Evolution of the Central Antarctic Plate (SPICECAP)"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000102", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Center for Remote Sensing of Ice Sheets (CReSIS)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Dome C Ice Core", "south": -77.0, "title": "Ice-penetrating radar internal stratigraphy over Dome C and the wider East Antarctic Plateau", "uid": "601411", "west": 114.0}, {"awards": "9909367 Leventer, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(62.99 -67.13)"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set was acquired with a Jumbo Piston Core Sediment Sampler during R/V Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP0101 conducted in 2001. This data file is of Microsoft Excel format and includes Quantitative Diatom Assemblage data; counts completed on randomly settled slides (Scherer, R.P., 1994. A new method for the determination of absolute abundance of diatoms and other silt-sized sedimentary particles. Journal of Paleolimnology, 12 (1), 171-178, doi:10.1007/BF00678093). These counts were completed at closely spaced intervals in NBP0101 JPC41, a jumbo piston core from Iceberg Alley, Mac.Robertson Shelf, East Antarctica", "east": 62.99, "geometry": ["POINT(62.99 -67.13)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Diatom; East Antarctica; Mac. Robertson Shelf; Marine Geoscience; Microscope; NBP0101; Paleoclimate; Piston Corer; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Sediment Core; Species Abundance", "locations": "Mac. Robertson Shelf; Mac. Robertson Shelf; East Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -67.13, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Leventer, Amy", "project_titles": "Quaternary Glacial History and Paleoenvironments of the East Antarctic Margin", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000609", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Quaternary Glacial History and Paleoenvironments of the East Antarctic Margin"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.13, "title": "Quantitative Diatom Assemblage Data from Iceberg Alley, Mac. Robertson Shelf, East Antarctica acquired during expedition NBP0101", "uid": "601307", "west": 62.99}, {"awards": "1341432 Brzezinski, Mark; 1341464 Robinson, Rebecca", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-175 -54,-174 -54,-173 -54,-172 -54,-171 -54,-170 -54,-169 -54,-168 -54,-167 -54,-166 -54,-165 -54,-165 -55.3,-165 -56.6,-165 -57.9,-165 -59.2,-165 -60.5,-165 -61.8,-165 -63.1,-165 -64.4,-165 -65.7,-165 -67,-166 -67,-167 -67,-168 -67,-169 -67,-170 -67,-171 -67,-172 -67,-173 -67,-174 -67,-175 -67,-175 -65.7,-175 -64.4,-175 -63.1,-175 -61.8,-175 -60.5,-175 -59.2,-175 -57.9,-175 -56.6,-175 -55.3,-175 -54))"], "date_created": "Thu, 09 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains profiles of water column particulate organic carbon (POC), total particulate nitrogen (TPN), biogenic silica, and d15N of TPN from McLane pump casts (4 depths/cast).", "east": -165.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-170 -60.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biogenic Silica; Nitrogen Isotopes; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -54.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Robinson, Rebecca; Brzezinski, Mark", "project_titles": "Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010083", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "Particle composition measurements from along 170\u00b0W between 67-54\u00b0S", "uid": "601276", "west": -175.0}, {"awards": "1443470 Aydin, Murat", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-98.16 -89.99)"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Apr 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The data file includes the results of the carbonyl sulfide (COS), methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and methyl bromide (CH3Br) measurements from the SPC14 ice core drilled at the South Pole as part of the SPICEcore project. There are a total of 425 measurements. The file is an Excel worksheet saved in .xlsx format. The are seven columns: depth (m), COS (ppt), err (ppt), CH3Cl (ppt), err (ppt), CH3Br (ppt), err (ppt). The depth column is the mid-depth of the samples calculated from top and bottom depth measurements conducted during the CPL. All measurements are reported as dry molar mixing ratios in parts per trillion (ppt). The err column after the data for each compound is the plus/minus 1 sigma uncertainty estimate in ppt\u2019s and it is the cumulative uncertainty based on the precision of the analytical measurement plus the uncertainty that arises from the variability in the background (blank) trace gas levels in the ice core extraction system. The background trace gas levels in the ice core gas extraction and the analytical systems are determined by regularly conducting nitrogen (N2) blanks. Please refer to Aydin et al. [JGR doi:10.1029/2006JD008027, 2007] for details of the measurement methods and the calibration practices. A few instances of missing data are denoted by -999. Contact with the PI encouraged before data usage.", "east": -98.16, "geometry": ["POINT(-98.16 -89.99)"], "keywords": "Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -89.99, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Aydin, Murat", "project_titles": "Carbonyl Sulfide, Methyl Chloride, and Methyl Bromide Measurements in the New Intermediate-depth South Pole Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010089", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Carbonyl Sulfide, Methyl Chloride, and Methyl Bromide Measurements in the New Intermediate-depth South Pole Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -89.99, "title": "SPC14 carbonyl sulfide, methyl chloride, and methyl bromide measurements from South Pole, Antarctica", "uid": "601270", "west": -98.16}, {"awards": "1341464 Robinson, Rebecca; 1341432 Brzezinski, Mark", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-175 -54,-174 -54,-173 -54,-172 -54,-171 -54,-170 -54,-169 -54,-168 -54,-167 -54,-166 -54,-165 -54,-165 -55.3,-165 -56.6,-165 -57.9,-165 -59.2,-165 -60.5,-165 -61.8,-165 -63.1,-165 -64.4,-165 -65.7,-165 -67,-166 -67,-167 -67,-168 -67,-169 -67,-170 -67,-171 -67,-172 -67,-173 -67,-174 -67,-175 -67,-175 -65.7,-175 -64.4,-175 -63.1,-175 -61.8,-175 -60.5,-175 -59.2,-175 -57.9,-175 -56.6,-175 -55.3,-175 -54))"], "date_created": "Tue, 31 Mar 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains the water column profiles of dissolved nutrients, NO3, PO4, dissolved Si, biogenic Si, lithogenic Si, chlorophyll and phaeophytin concentrations, and the d15NO3.", "east": -165.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-170 -60.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chlorophyll; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -54.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Robinson, Rebecca; Brzezinski, Mark", "project_titles": "Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010083", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Proposal: A Field and Laboratory Examination of the Diatom N and Si Isotope Proxies: Implications for Assessing the Southern Ocean Biological Pump"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "Dissolved nutrient profiles from along 170\u00b0W between 67 and 54\u00b0S", "uid": "601269", "west": -175.0}, {"awards": "1643551 Hansen, Samantha", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 10 Mar 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Dataset includes information on all A- and B-ranked earthquakes (see Hansen et al., 2020) recorded by the Antarctic TAMNNET seismic array that were examined for ULVZ evidence. Information on their attenuation (t*) parameter, signal-to-noise ratio, core-mantle boundary bouncepoint location, and average remainder trace standard deviation are also provided. The provided figure indicates where ULVZ evidence has been found and where possible ULVZ evidence may be indicated.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Core-Mantle Boundary; ScP; Southern Hemisphere; Ultra-Low Velocity Zones", "locations": "Southern Hemisphere; Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Hansen, Samantha; Carson, Sarah; Garnero, Edward; Yu, Shule; Rost, Sebastian", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Antarctic Seismic Investigations of ULVZ Structure", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010136", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Antarctic Seismic Investigations of ULVZ Structure"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Investigating Ultra-low Velocity Zones (ULVZs) using an Antarctic Dataset", "uid": "601265", "west": null}, {"awards": "9714371 Leventer, Amy; 0732625 Leventer, Amy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64 -63,-63.1 -63,-62.2 -63,-61.3 -63,-60.4 -63,-59.5 -63,-58.6 -63,-57.7 -63,-56.8 -63,-55.9 -63,-55 -63,-55 -63.4,-55 -63.8,-55 -64.2,-55 -64.6,-55 -65,-55 -65.4,-55 -65.8,-55 -66.2,-55 -66.6,-55 -67,-55.9 -67,-56.8 -67,-57.7 -67,-58.6 -67,-59.5 -67,-60.4 -67,-61.3 -67,-62.2 -67,-63.1 -67,-64 -67,-64 -66.6,-64 -66.2,-64 -65.8,-64 -65.4,-64 -65,-64 -64.6,-64 -64.2,-64 -63.8,-64 -63.4,-64 -63))"], "date_created": "Mon, 16 Sep 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Diatom data from eastern side of Antarctic Peninsula:\r\n\r\nThis file includes quantitative diatom data for surface samples collected on numerous cruises to the eastern side of the Antarctic Peninsula, including NBP0003, NBP0107, LMG0502, NBP0603, and NBP1203. Samples were collected using a variety of tools including Smith-McIntyre Grab, Kasten Core and Jumbo Kasten Core. These data were generated by Amy Leventer (aleventer@colgate.edu) and undergraduate students at Colgate University. All questions regarding the specifics of these data should be directed to Amy Leventer. \r\n\r\nQuantitative diatom slides were prepared according to the settling technique of Scherer (1995). Cover slips were adhered to the slides using Norland Optical Adhesive #61. Slides were observed under Olympus CX31, BX50 and BX60, and Zeiss Primo Star light microscopes, using a 100X oil immersion objective for a total magnification of 1000X. A minimum of 400 valves or 10 transects was counted for each slide, depending on the absolute diatom abundance. Valves were only counted if \u003e50% complete. Diatoms were identified to species level when possible (Crosta et al., 2005; Armand et al., 2005; Cefarelli et al., 2010).\r\n\r\nArmand, L.K., X. Crosta, O. Romero, J. J. Pichon (2005), The biogeography of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean sediments: 1. Sea ice related species, Paleogeography, Paleoclimatology, Paleoecology, 223, 93-126. \r\n\r\nCefarelli, A.O., M. E. Ferrario, G. O. Almandoz, A. G. Atencio, R. Akselman, M. Vernet (2010), Diversity of the diatom genus Fragilariopsis in the Argentine Sea and Antarctic waters: morphology, distribution and abundance, Polar Biology, 33(2), 1463-1484. \r\n\r\nCrosta, X., O. Romero, L. K. Armand, J. Pichon (2005), The biogeography of major diatom taxa in Southern Ocean sediments: 2. Open ocean related species, Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology, 223, 66-92. \r\n\r\nScherer, R. P., A new method for the determination of absolute abundance of diatoms and other silt-sized sedimentary particles, J. Paleolimnol., 12, 171\u2013178, 1995.\r\n", "east": -55.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-59.5 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Benthos; Biota; Diatom; Geology/Geophysics - Other; LMG0502; Marine Geoscience; Marine Sediments; Microscope; NBP0003; NBP0107; NBP0603; NBP1203; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Surface Sediment", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Leventer, Amy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -67.0, "title": "Easten Antarctic Peninsula Surface Sediment Diatom Data", "uid": "601211", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "1643901 Zhang, Weifeng", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((55 -62,65 -62,75 -62,85 -62,95 -62,105 -62,115 -62,125 -62,135 -62,145 -62,155 -62,155 -62.8,155 -63.6,155 -64.4,155 -65.2,155 -66,155 -66.8,155 -67.6,155 -68.4,155 -69.2,155 -70,145 -70,135 -70,125 -70,115 -70,105 -70,95 -70,85 -70,75 -70,65 -70,55 -70,55 -69.2,55 -68.4,55 -67.6,55 -66.8,55 -66,55 -65.2,55 -64.4,55 -63.6,55 -62.8,55 -62))"], "date_created": "Tue, 10 Sep 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The emperor penguin, an iconic species threatened by projected sea-ice loss in Antarctica, has long been considered to forage at the fast ice edge, presumably relying on large/yearly-persistent polynyas as their main foraging habitat during the breeding season. Using newly developed fine-scale sea-icescape data and historical penguin tracking data, this study for the first time suggests the importance of less-recognized small openings, including cracks, flaw leads and ephemeral short-term polynyas, as foraging habitats for emperor penguins. The tracking data retrieved from 47 emperor penguins in two different colonies in East Antarctica suggest that those penguins spent 23% of their time in ephemeral polynyas and did not use the large/yearly-persistent, well-studied polynyas, even they occur much more regularly with predictable locations. These findings challenge our previous understanding of emperor penguin breeding habitats, highlighting the need for incorporating fine-scale seascape features when assessing the population persistence in a rapidly changing polar environment.", "east": 155.0, "geometry": ["POINT(105 -66)"], "keywords": "Animal Behavior Observation; Antarctica; Biota; East Antarctica; GPS; Oceans; Penguin; Southern Ocean", "locations": "East Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -62.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Labrousse, Sara; Fraser, Alexander; Tamura, Takeshi; Pinaud, David; Wienecke, Barbara; Kirkwood, Roger; Ropert-Coudert, Yan; Resinger, Ryan; Jonsen, Ian; Porter-Smith, Rick; Barbraud, Christophe; Bost, Charles-Andr\u00e9; Ji, Rubao; Jenouvrier, Stephanie; Sumner, Michael", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010044", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Polynyas in Coastal Antarctica (PICA): Linking Physical Dynamics to Biological Variability"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "Dynamic fine-scale sea-icescape shapes adult emperor penguin foraging habitat in East Antarctica", "uid": "601209", "west": 55.0}, {"awards": "1822289 Vernet, Maria", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-59.402149 -62.131908,-58.9639887 -62.131908,-58.5258284 -62.131908,-58.0876681 -62.131908,-57.6495078 -62.131908,-57.2113475 -62.131908,-56.7731872 -62.131908,-56.3350269 -62.131908,-55.8968666 -62.131908,-55.4587063 -62.131908,-55.020546 -62.131908,-55.020546 -62.384829,-55.020546 -62.63775,-55.020546 -62.890671,-55.020546 -63.143592,-55.020546 -63.396513,-55.020546 -63.649434,-55.020546 -63.902355,-55.020546 -64.155276,-55.020546 -64.408197,-55.020546 -64.661118,-55.4587063 -64.661118,-55.8968666 -64.661118,-56.3350269 -64.661118,-56.7731872 -64.661118,-57.2113475 -64.661118,-57.6495078 -64.661118,-58.0876681 -64.661118,-58.5258284 -64.661118,-58.9639887 -64.661118,-59.402149 -64.661118,-59.402149 -64.408197,-59.402149 -64.155276,-59.402149 -63.902355,-59.402149 -63.649434,-59.402149 -63.396513,-59.402149 -63.143592,-59.402149 -62.890671,-59.402149 -62.63775,-59.402149 -62.384829,-59.402149 -62.131908))"], "date_created": "Mon, 29 Apr 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine ecosystems under large ice shelves are thought to contain sparse, low-diversity plankton and seafloor communities due the low supply of food from productive sunlight waters. Past studies have shown sub-ice shelf ecosystems to change in response to altered oceanographic processes resulting from ice-shelve retreat. However, information on community changes and ecosystem structure under ice shelves are limited because sub-ice-shelf ecosystems have either been sampled many years after ice-shelf breakout, or have been sampled through small boreholes, yielding extremely limited spatial information. The recent breakout of the A-68 iceberg from the Larsen C ice shelf in the western Weddell Sea provides an opportunity to use a ship-based study to evaluate benthic communities and water column characteristics in an area recently vacated by a large overlying ice shelf. The opportunity will allow spatial assessments at the time of transition from an under ice-shelf environment to one initially exposed to conditions more typical of a coastal Antarctic marine setting. \r\n\r\n\r\n\r\nThis RAPID project will help determine the state of a coastal Antarctic ecosystem newly exposed from ice-shelf cover and will aid in understanding of rates of community change during transition. The project will conduct a 10-day field program, allowing contrasts to be made of phytoplankton and seafloor megafaunal communities in areas recently exposed by ice-shelf loss to areas exposed for many decades. The project will be undertaken in a collaborative manner with the South Korean Antarctic Agency, KOPRI, by participating in a cruise in March/May 2018. Combining new information in the area of Larsen C with existing observations after the Larsen A and B ice shelf breakups further to the north, the project is expected to generate a dataset that can elucidate fundamental processes of planktonic and benthic community development in transition from food-poor to food-rich ecosystems. The project will provide field experience to two graduate students, a post-doctoral associate and an undergraduate student. Material from the project will be incorporated into graduate courses and the project will communicate daily work and unfolding events through social media and blogs while they explore this area of the world that is largely underexplored.", "east": -55.020546, "geometry": ["POINT(-57.2113475 -63.396513)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chlorophyll; CTD; Glacier; Iceberg; Ice Shelf; Larsen C Ice Shelf; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Phytoplankton; Sample Location; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Station List", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Larsen C Ice Shelf", "north": -62.131908, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Pan, B. Jack; Vernet, Maria", "project_titles": "RAPID: Collaborative Research: Marine Ecosystem Response to the Larsen C Ice-Shelf Breakout: \"Time zero\"", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010029", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RAPID: Collaborative Research: Marine Ecosystem Response to the Larsen C Ice-Shelf Breakout: \"Time zero\""}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.661118, "title": "CTD stations and logs for Araon 2018 ANA08D expedition to Larson C", "uid": "601178", "west": -59.402149}, {"awards": "1142052 MacPhee, Ross", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-56.62 -64.23)"], "date_created": "Mon, 13 Aug 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Fossils collected on Antarctic expeditions between 2008 and 2016 that have been accessioned into the collection of the Paleontology Division, AMNH ", "east": -56.62, "geometry": ["POINT(-56.62 -64.23)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Penguin; Seymour Island; Vertebrates", "locations": "Seymour Island; Antarctica", "north": -64.23, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "MacPhee, Ross", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Late Cretaceous-Paleogene Vertebrates from Antarctica: Implications for Paleobiogeography, Paleoenvironment, and Extinction in Polar Gondwana", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000380", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Late Cretaceous-Paleogene Vertebrates from Antarctica: Implications for Paleobiogeography, Paleoenvironment, and Extinction in Polar Gondwana"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.23, "title": "2008-2016 AMNH accessioned vertebrate fossils from Seymour Island ", "uid": "601112", "west": -56.62}, {"awards": "1141978 Foreman, Christine", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161.1667 -77.117,161.21673 -77.117,161.26676 -77.117,161.31679 -77.117,161.36682 -77.117,161.41685 -77.117,161.46688 -77.117,161.51691 -77.117,161.56694 -77.117,161.61697 -77.117,161.667 -77.117,161.667 -77.117,161.667 -77.117,161.667 -77.117,161.667 -77.117,161.667 -77.117,161.667 -77.117,161.667 -77.117,161.667 -77.117,161.667 -77.117,161.667 -77.117,161.61697 -77.117,161.56694 -77.117,161.51691 -77.117,161.46688 -77.117,161.41685 -77.117,161.36682 -77.117,161.31679 -77.117,161.26676 -77.117,161.21673 -77.117,161.1667 -77.117,161.1667 -77.117,161.1667 -77.117,161.1667 -77.117,161.1667 -77.117,161.1667 -77.117,161.1667 -77.117,161.1667 -77.117,161.1667 -77.117,161.1667 -77.117,161.1667 -77.117))"], "date_created": "Fri, 23 Mar 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Mass spectra of external metabolites were obtained with a 1290 Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography system coupled to a 6538 Ultra High Definition Accurate-Mass Quadrupole-Time of Flight mass spectrometer operated in positive mode with an electrospray ionization source (Agilent Technologies). 30 mL of filtered media was concentrated per sample by solid phase extraction. External metabolites were re-suspended in 50% (v/v) acetonitrile, and were separated using a reverse-phase Kinetix 1.7 um C18, 100A, 150 mm - 2.1 mm column. Data presented are from UPLC-Q-TOF measurements of mass to charge ratio, retention time, and replicate-averaged extracted ion chromatogram abundance values (counts) of molecular species that demonstrated a significant change in abundance (Two-way ANOVA, adjusted P\u003c0.01) during incubations based on time point (T0: d0, T1: d27, T2: d63, T3: d98) and carbon source (Cotton Glacier: CG, Pony Lake: PL, Suwannee River: SR).", "east": 161.667, "geometry": ["POINT(161.41685 -77.117)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Exometabolites; Mass Spectrometry; Microbes; Microbiology", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.117, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Foreman, Christine; Tigges, Michelle; Bothner, Brian", "project_titles": "Multidimensional \"omics\" characterization of microbial metabolism and dissolved organic matter in Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000408", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Multidimensional \"omics\" characterization of microbial metabolism and dissolved organic matter in Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.117, "title": "UPLC-Q-TOF data of Cotton Glacier exometabolites", "uid": "601089", "west": 161.1667}, {"awards": "1565576 Pettit, Erin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-62.2 -65.5,-62.12 -65.5,-62.04 -65.5,-61.96 -65.5,-61.88 -65.5,-61.8 -65.5,-61.72 -65.5,-61.64 -65.5,-61.56 -65.5,-61.48 -65.5,-61.4 -65.5,-61.4 -65.53,-61.4 -65.56,-61.4 -65.59,-61.4 -65.62,-61.4 -65.65,-61.4 -65.68,-61.4 -65.71,-61.4 -65.74,-61.4 -65.77,-61.4 -65.8,-61.48 -65.8,-61.56 -65.8,-61.64 -65.8,-61.72 -65.8,-61.8 -65.8,-61.88 -65.8,-61.96 -65.8,-62.04 -65.8,-62.12 -65.8,-62.2 -65.8,-62.2 -65.77,-62.2 -65.74,-62.2 -65.71,-62.2 -65.68,-62.2 -65.65,-62.2 -65.62,-62.2 -65.59,-62.2 -65.56,-62.2 -65.53,-62.2 -65.5))"], "date_created": "Wed, 20 Dec 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "A terrestrial radar interferometer was set up at a location overlooking a remnant of the Larsen B iceshelf and the adjacent fast ice. Images were acquired every 4 minutes with a Gamma Portable Radar Interferometer - 2. Data include images from two antennas, to allow the generation of interferometric DEMs, as well as line-of-sight displacement fields between consecutive images. The archived data are single-look complex (SLC) images, together with parameter files.", "east": -61.4, "geometry": ["POINT(-61.8 -65.65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Elevation; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Navigation; Radar; Radar Interferometer", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -65.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Truffer, Martin", "project_titles": "RAPID: Observing the Disintegration of the Scar Inlet Ice Shelf", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000274", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RAPID: Observing the Disintegration of the Scar Inlet Ice Shelf"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.8, "title": "Scar Inlet Terrestrial Radar Interferometry", "uid": "601078", "west": -62.2}, {"awards": "1246317 Mittal, Rajat", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Wed, 27 Sep 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Spongiobranchaea australis is a gymnosome pteropod that is abundant in the Southern Ocean. Videos of specimens of S. Australis collected near Palmer Station in April 2014, were used to develop computational fluid dynamics models and simulations of swimming hydrodynamics conducted. The deposited movie shows the computed vortex structures for a swimming S. Australis.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Biota; Fish; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Mittal, Rajat", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Pteropod Swimming Behavior as a Bio Assay for Ocean Acidification", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000139", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Pteropod Swimming Behavior as a Bio Assay for Ocean Acidification"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Hydrodynamics of Spongiobranchaea australis", "uid": "601058", "west": null}, {"awards": "1142122 Miller, Nathan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.163 -76.665,166.2635 -76.665,166.364 -76.665,166.4645 -76.665,166.565 -76.665,166.6655 -76.665,166.766 -76.665,166.8665 -76.665,166.967 -76.665,167.0675 -76.665,167.168 -76.665,167.168 -76.782,167.168 -76.899,167.168 -77.016,167.168 -77.133,167.168 -77.25,167.168 -77.367,167.168 -77.484,167.168 -77.601,167.168 -77.718,167.168 -77.835,167.0675 -77.835,166.967 -77.835,166.8665 -77.835,166.766 -77.835,166.6655 -77.835,166.565 -77.835,166.4645 -77.835,166.364 -77.835,166.2635 -77.835,166.163 -77.835,166.163 -77.718,166.163 -77.601,166.163 -77.484,166.163 -77.367,166.163 -77.25,166.163 -77.133,166.163 -77.016,166.163 -76.899,166.163 -76.782,166.163 -76.665))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jun 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes data from the publication \"Flynn, et al. (2015) - Ocean acidification exerts negative effects under warming conditions in a developing Antarctic fish\". Included are data on embryo survival, development, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity (citrate synthase), whole embryo osmolality and seawater chemistry.", "east": 167.168, "geometry": ["POINT(166.6655 -77.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; CTD Data; Fish; McMurdo Sound; Ocean Acidification; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Ross Sea", "north": -76.665, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Miller, Nathan; Todgham, Anne; Davis, Brittany; Flynn, Erin", "project_titles": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000411", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.835, "title": "Physiological and biochemical measurements on Antarctic dragonfish (Gymnodraco acuticeps) from McMurdo Sound", "uid": "601026", "west": 166.163}, {"awards": "0944197 Waddington, Edwin", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"], "date_created": "Tue, 28 Mar 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The West Antarctic Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS Divide, WD) ice core is a newly drilled, high-accumulation deep ice core that provides Antarctic climate records of the past ~68 ka at unprecedented temporal resolution. The upper 2850 m (back to 31.2 ka BP) have been dated using annual-layer counting. Here we present a chronology for the deep part of the core (67.8-31.2 ka BP), which is based on stratigraphic matching to annual-layer-counted Greenland ice cores using globally well-mixed atmospheric methane. We calculate the WD gas age-ice age difference (Delta age) using a combination of firn densification modeling, ice-flow modeling, and a data set of d15N-N2, a proxy for past firn column thickness. The largest Delta age at WD occurs during the Last Glacial Maximum, and is 525 +/- 120 years. Internally consistent solutions can be found only when assuming little to no influence of impurity content on densification rates, contrary to a recently proposed hypothesis. We synchronize the WD chronology to a linearly scaled version of the layer-counted Greenland Ice Core Chronology (GICC05), which brings the age of Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) events into agreement with the U/Th absolutely dated Hulu Cave speleothem record. The small Delta age at WD provides valuable opportunities to investigate the timing of atmospheric greenhouse gas variations relative to Antarctic climate, as well as the interhemispheric phasing of the \\\"bipolar seesaw\\\".\n\nWe present the WD2014 chronology for the upper part (0-2850 m; 31.2 ka BP) of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide (WD) ice core. The chronology is based on counting of annual layers observed in the chemical, dust and electrical conductivity records. These layers are caused by seasonal changes in the source, transport, and deposition of aerosols. The measurements were interpreted manually and with the aid of two automated methods. We validated the chronology by comparing to two high-accuracy, absolutely dated chronologies. For the Holocene, the cosmogenic isotope records of 10Be from WAIS Divide and 14C for IntCal13 demonstrated that WD2014 was consistently accurate to better than 0.5% of the age. For the glacial period, comparisons to the Hulu Cave chronology demonstrated that WD2014 had an accuracy of better than 1% of the age at three abrupt climate change events between 27 and 31ka. WD2014 has consistently younger ages than Greenland ice core chronologies during most of the Holocene. For the Younger Dryas-Preboreal transition (11.595 ka; 24 years younger) and the Bolling-Allerod Warming (14.621 ka; 7 years younger), WD2014 ages are within the combined uncertainties of the timescales. Given its high accuracy, WD2014 can become a reference chronology for the Southern Hemisphere, with synchronization to other chronologies feasible using high-quality proxies of volcanism, solar activity, atmospheric mineral dust, and atmospheric methane concentrations.", "east": -112.1115, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Depth-Age-Model; Geochronology; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.481, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Fudge, T. J.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Establishing the Chronology and Histories of Accumulation and Ice Dynamics for the WAIS Divide Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000026", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Establishing the Chronology and Histories of Accumulation and Ice Dynamics for the WAIS Divide Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.481, "title": "WD2014: Timescale for WAIS Divide Core 2006 A (WDC-06A)", "uid": "601015", "west": -112.1115}, {"awards": "1043761 Young, Duncan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-156 -74.5,-151.4 -74.5,-146.8 -74.5,-142.2 -74.5,-137.6 -74.5,-133 -74.5,-128.4 -74.5,-123.8 -74.5,-119.2 -74.5,-114.6 -74.5,-110 -74.5,-110 -75.05,-110 -75.6,-110 -76.15,-110 -76.7,-110 -77.25,-110 -77.8,-110 -78.35,-110 -78.9,-110 -79.45,-110 -80,-114.6 -80,-119.2 -80,-123.8 -80,-128.4 -80,-133 -80,-137.6 -80,-142.2 -80,-146.8 -80,-151.4 -80,-156 -80,-156 -79.45,-156 -78.9,-156 -78.35,-156 -77.8,-156 -77.25,-156 -76.7,-156 -76.15,-156 -75.6,-156 -75.05,-156 -74.5))"], "date_created": "Mon, 20 Feb 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "GIMBLE was proposed as the first systematic aerogeophysical investigation of the subglacial massif underlying central Marie Byrd Land. Aerogeophysically configured Baslers conducted 14 flights from Byrd Surface Camp and WAIS Divide Camp over two field seasons (January 2013 and December 2014). Airborne ice penetrating radar, gravity and magnetics were the primary datasets collected. Level 2 data represent geolocated geophysical properties (e.g ice thickness), derived from Level 1B measurements (e.g. radar echo delay). Dataset structures are based on those used for Operation Ice Bridge, and are line based data in ASCII space delimited .txt files, with a header delimited by leading \"#\" characters documenting column assignment and metadata. Georefering data is contained in .met files. GIMBLE.GGCMG2 contains line based data relating to gravity disturbance, processed from raw acceleration and position data by propriety software from Gravimetric Technologies and Novatel. The raw data was obtained a Canadian MicroGravity GT-1A gravimeter in ICP5, and a GT-2A gravimeter in ICP6. Data reduction was led by T. Richter.", "east": -110.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-133 -77.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Gimble; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Gravity; Marie Byrd Land; Navigation; Potential Field; Solid Earth", "locations": "Marie Byrd Land; Antarctica", "north": -74.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Young, Duncan A.; Holt, John W.; Blankenship, Donald D.", "project_titles": "Geophysical Investigations of Marie Byrd Land Lithospheric Evolution (GIMBLE)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000435", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Geophysical Investigations of Marie Byrd Land Lithospheric Evolution (GIMBLE)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "Gravity disturbance data over central Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica (GIMBLE.GGCMG2)", "uid": "601003", "west": -156.0}, {"awards": "1043761 Young, Duncan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-156 -74.5,-151.4 -74.5,-146.8 -74.5,-142.2 -74.5,-137.6 -74.5,-133 -74.5,-128.4 -74.5,-123.8 -74.5,-119.2 -74.5,-114.6 -74.5,-110 -74.5,-110 -75.05,-110 -75.6,-110 -76.15,-110 -76.7,-110 -77.25,-110 -77.8,-110 -78.35,-110 -78.9,-110 -79.45,-110 -80,-114.6 -80,-119.2 -80,-123.8 -80,-128.4 -80,-133 -80,-137.6 -80,-142.2 -80,-146.8 -80,-151.4 -80,-156 -80,-156 -79.45,-156 -78.9,-156 -78.35,-156 -77.8,-156 -77.25,-156 -76.7,-156 -76.15,-156 -75.6,-156 -75.05,-156 -74.5))"], "date_created": "Mon, 20 Feb 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "GIMBLE was proposed as the first systematic aerogeophysical investigation of the subglacial massif underlying central Marie Byrd Land. Aerogeophysically configured Baslers conducted 14 flights from Byrd Surface Camp and WAIS Divide Camp over two field seasons (January 2013 and December 2014). Airborne ice penetrating radar, gravity and magnetics were the primary datasets collected. Level 2 data represent geolocated geophysical properties (e.g ice thickness), derived from Level 1B measurements (e.g. radar echo delay). Dataset structures are based on those used for Operation Ice Bridge, and are line based data in ASCII space delimited .txt files, with a header delimited by leading \"#\" characters documenting column assignment and metadata. Georefering data is contained in .met files. GIMBLE.GMGEO2 contains line based data (in ASCII space delimited txt files) relating to magnetic anomaly. The raw data was obtained by a tail mounted Geometrics G-823A magnetometer. No heading correction, cross over correction, continuation or base correction have been applied. Data with significant geomagnetic activity (restricted to 07-Dec-2014 and 23-Dec-2014) were removed.", "east": -110.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-133 -77.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Gimble; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Magnetic; Marie Byrd Land; Navigation; Potential Field; Solid Earth", "locations": "Marie Byrd Land; Antarctica", "north": -74.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Young, Duncan A.; Holt, John W.; Blankenship, Donald D.", "project_titles": "Geophysical Investigations of Marie Byrd Land Lithospheric Evolution (GIMBLE)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000435", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Geophysical Investigations of Marie Byrd Land Lithospheric Evolution (GIMBLE)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "Magnetic anomaly data over central Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica (GIMBLE.GMGEO2)", "uid": "601002", "west": -156.0}, {"awards": "1043761 Young, Duncan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-156 -74.5,-151.4 -74.5,-146.8 -74.5,-142.2 -74.5,-137.6 -74.5,-133 -74.5,-128.4 -74.5,-123.8 -74.5,-119.2 -74.5,-114.6 -74.5,-110 -74.5,-110 -75.05,-110 -75.6,-110 -76.15,-110 -76.7,-110 -77.25,-110 -77.8,-110 -78.35,-110 -78.9,-110 -79.45,-110 -80,-114.6 -80,-119.2 -80,-123.8 -80,-128.4 -80,-133 -80,-137.6 -80,-142.2 -80,-146.8 -80,-151.4 -80,-156 -80,-156 -79.45,-156 -78.9,-156 -78.35,-156 -77.8,-156 -77.25,-156 -76.7,-156 -76.15,-156 -75.6,-156 -75.05,-156 -74.5))"], "date_created": "Mon, 20 Feb 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "GIMBLE was proposed as the first systematic aerogeophysical investigation of the subglacial massif underlying central Marie Byrd Land. Aerogeophysically configured Baslers conducted 14 flights from Byrd Surface Camp and WAIS Divide Camp over two field seasons (January 2013 and December 2014). Airborne ice penetrating radar, gravity and magnetics were the primary datasets collected. Level 2 data represent geolocated geophysical properties (e.g ice thickness), derived from Level 1B measurements (e.g. radar echo delay). Dataset structures are based on those used for Operation Ice Bridge, and are line based data in ASCII space delimited .txt files, with a header delimited by leading \"#\" characters documenting column assignment and metadata. Georefering data is contained in .met files. GIMBLE.GR2HI2 contains line based data (in ASCII space delimited txt files) relating to ice thickness, bed elevation and bed reflectivity, extracted from 1-D focused radargrams by semiautomatic interpretation. Data was acquired using HiCARS2 in ICP5, and MARFA in ICP6. Some data loss occurred in ICP6 (in particular F10,F11, and F14), limiting the lines that were focused. Data reduction was led by D. Young and S. Kempf.", "east": -110.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-133 -77.25)"], "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Gimble; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Thickness; Marie Byrd Land; Navigation; Radar", "locations": "Marie Byrd Land; Antarctica", "north": -74.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Young, Duncan A.; Holt, John W.; Blankenship, Donald D.", "project_titles": "Geophysical Investigations of Marie Byrd Land Lithospheric Evolution (GIMBLE)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000435", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Geophysical Investigations of Marie Byrd Land Lithospheric Evolution (GIMBLE)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.0, "title": "Ice thickness and related data over central Marie Byrd Land, West Antarctica (GIMBLE.GR2HI2)", "uid": "601001", "west": -156.0}, {"awards": "1042883 Mayewski, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-161.53 -79.39)"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 Sep 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes three Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution (RICE) ice core samples drilled on Roosevelt Island, Ross Ice Shelf, Antarctica. The RICE elements analyzed were: Sr, Cd, Cs, Ba, La, Ce, Pr, Pb, Bi, U, As, Li, I, Al, S, Ca, Ti, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Na, Mg, Cu, Zn, and K verses depth.", "east": -161.53, "geometry": ["POINT(-161.53 -79.39)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; ICP-MS; Roosevelt Island; Ross Ice Shelf", "locations": "Ross Ice Shelf; Antarctica; Roosevelt Island", "north": -79.39, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Mayewski, Paul A.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.", "project_titles": "Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution Project (RICE): US Deep Ice Core Glaciochemistry Contribution (2011- 2014)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000193", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution Project (RICE): US Deep Ice Core Glaciochemistry Contribution (2011- 2014)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.39, "title": "Roosevelt Island Climate Evolution Ice Core ICP-MS data", "uid": "609621", "west": -161.53}, {"awards": "0838937 Costa, Daniel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal\u0027s diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts.\n", "east": 169.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Ross Sea", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Costa, Daniel", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000661", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "uid": "600025", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "0838996 Hollibaugh, James", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-79 -63,-77.5 -63,-76 -63,-74.5 -63,-73 -63,-71.5 -63,-70 -63,-68.5 -63,-67 -63,-65.5 -63,-64 -63,-64 -63.8,-64 -64.6,-64 -65.4,-64 -66.2,-64 -67,-64 -67.8,-64 -68.6,-64 -69.4,-64 -70.2,-64 -71,-65.5 -71,-67 -71,-68.5 -71,-70 -71,-71.5 -71,-73 -71,-74.5 -71,-76 -71,-77.5 -71,-79 -71,-79 -70.2,-79 -69.4,-79 -68.6,-79 -67.8,-79 -67,-79 -66.2,-79 -65.4,-79 -64.6,-79 -63.8,-79 -63))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ammonia oxidation is the first step in the conversion of regenerated nitrogen to dinitrogen gas, a 3-step pathway mediated by 3 distinct guilds of bacteria and archaea. Ammonia oxidation and the overall process of nitrification-denitrification have received relatively little attention in polar oceans where the effects of climate change on biogeochemical rates are likely to be pronounced. Previous work on Ammonia Oxidizing Archaea (AOA) in the Palmer LTER study area West of the Antarctic Peninsula (WAP), has suggested strong vertical segregation of crenarchaeote metabolism, with the \u0027winter water\u0027 (WW, ~50-100 m depth range) dominated by non-AOA crenarchaeotes, while Crenarchaeota populations in the \u0027circumpolar deep water\u0027 (CDW), which lies immediately below the winter water (150-3500 m), are dominated by AOA. Analysis of a limited number of samples from the Arctic Ocean did not reveal a comparable vertical segregation of AOA, and suggested that AOA and Crenarchaeota abundance is much lower there than in the Antarctic. These findings led to 3 hypotheses that will be tested in this project: 1) the apparent low abundance of Crenarchaeota and AOA in Arctic Ocean samples may be due to spatial or temporal variability in populations; 2) the WW population of Crenarchaeota in the WAP is dominated by a heterotroph; 3) the WW population of Crenarchaeota in the WAP \u0027grows in\u0027 during spring and summer after this water mass forms.\n\nThe study will contribute substantially to understanding an important aspect of the nitrogen cycle in the Palmer LTER (Long Term Ecological Research) study area by providing insights into the ecology and physiology of AOA. The natural segregation of crenarchaeote phenotypes in waters of the WAP, coupled with metagenomic studies in progress in the same area by others (A. Murray, H. Ducklow), offers the possibility of major breakthroughs in understanding of the metabolic capabilities of these organisms. This knowledge is needed to model how water column nitrification will respond to changes in polar ecosystems accompanying global climate change. The Principal Investigator will participate fully in the education and outreach efforts of the Palmer LTER, including making highlights of our findings available for posting to their project web site and participating in outreach (for example, Schoolyard LTER). The research also will involve undergraduates (including the field work if possible) and will support high school interns in the P.I.\u0027s laboratory over the summer.\n", "east": -64.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-71.5 -67)"], "keywords": "Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; LMG1006; LMG1101; LTER Palmer Station; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -63.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Hollibaugh, James T.", "project_titles": "Ammonia Oxidation Versus Heterotrophy in Crenarchaeota Populations from Marine Environments West of the Antarctic Peninsula", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000359", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ammonia Oxidation Versus Heterotrophy in Crenarchaeota Populations from Marine Environments West of the Antarctic Peninsula"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -71.0, "title": "Ammonia Oxidation Versus Heterotrophy in Crenarchaeota Populations from Marine Environments West of the Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "600105", "west": -79.0}, {"awards": "1019305 Grim, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Survival of Antarctic notothenioid fishes in the context of global climate change will depend upon the impact of rising oceanic temperatures on their embryonic development, yet little is known regarding the molecular mechanisms underlying this complex suite of processes. Many notothenioids are characterized by secondary pelagicism, which enables them to exploit food sources in the water column and is supported in part by skeletal pedomorphism. Here the PI proposes to examine the hypothesis that reactive oxygen species (ROS) regulate notothenioid skeletal pedomorphism. The research objectives are : 1) To quantify and localize ROS production and identify the point(s) of origin of ROS production in embryonic Antarctic fishes that differ in skeletal phenotypes 2) To determine whether the time course of embryogenesis and the extent of osteological development in embryonic Antarctic fishes can be altered by changing the oxidative status of the animal during embryogenesis 3) To evaluate whether transgenic alteration of oxidative status can induce skeletal pedomorphism in a fish model. Broader Impacts will include teaching undergraduate lectures, recruiting undergraduate students to help with lab analyses (and possibly field work), lectures and demonstrations to high school students, and allowing secondary educators access to personal photos and videos of research animals for curriculum development.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Biota; Fish Logs; LMG1203; LMG1204; LMG1205; Oceans; Pot; Southern Ocean; Trawl", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Grim, Jeffrey", "project_titles": "PostDoctoral Research Fellowship", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000482", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "PostDoctoral Research Fellowship"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Impact of Rising Oceanic Temperatures on the Embryonic Development of Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "uid": "600119", "west": null}, {"awards": "1043690 Scherer, Reed", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Intellectual Merit: Diatom abundance in sediment cores is typically used as a proxy for paleo primary productivity. This record is complicated by variable preservation, with most loss occurring in the water column via dissolution and zooplankton grazing. This study will investigate preservational biases via a series of controlled experiments to create proxies of original productivity based on morphological changes associated with diatom dissolution and fracture. The PIs will utilize fresh diatoms from culture. Specific objectives include: (1) Linking changes in diatom morphology to availability of dissolved silica and other physical and chemical parameters; (2) Documenting the dissolution process under controlled conditions; (3) Assessment of changes in morphology and diatom surface roughness with increased dissolution; (4) Documenting the physical effects of grazing and fecal pellet formation on diatom fragmentation and dissolution; and (5) Analyzing the impact of diatom dissolution on silica and carbon export. These objectives will be achieved by growing Southern Ocean diatom species in the laboratory under differing physical and chemical conditions; controlled serial dissolution experiments on cultured diatoms; analysis of the dissolution process by imaging frustules under scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and with micro-analysis of surface texture by atomic force microscopy (AFM); making the cultures available to krill and other live zooplankton crustaceans in order to analyze the specific effects of grazing and pelletization on diatom morphology; and comparing experimental results with natural plankton, sediment trap material, and selected Holocene, Pleistocene and Pliocene sediment core material.\nBroader impacts: This work will contribute to understanding of the use of diatom abundance as an indicator of paleoproductivity. The proposed experiments are multi-disciplinary in nature. Importantly, the project was designed, and the proposal largely written, by a Ph.D. candidate. The research proposed here will lead to peer-reviewed publications and provide a base for future studies over the course of an extremely promising scientific career. The project will also support an undergraduate research student at NIU. The PI is heavily involved in science outreach, including classroom visits, museum events and webinars related to evolution and climate change, and is active with NSF-funded outreach activities linked to the ANDRILL and WISSARD programs. He will continue these efforts with this project.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Diatom; Marine Sediments; Oceans; Sediment Core; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Haji-Sheikh, Michael; Scherer, Reed Paul", "project_titles": "Southern Ocean Diatom Taphonomy and Paleoproductivity: A Laboratory Study of Silica Degradation and Export", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000360", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Southern Ocean Diatom Taphonomy and Paleoproductivity: A Laboratory Study of Silica Degradation and Export"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Southern Ocean Diatom Taphonomy and Paleoproductivity: A Laboratory Study of Silica Degradation and Export", "uid": "600127", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0838892 Burns, Jennifer", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162 -75,162.7 -75,163.4 -75,164.1 -75,164.8 -75,165.5 -75,166.2 -75,166.9 -75,167.6 -75,168.3 -75,169 -75,169 -75.3,169 -75.6,169 -75.9,169 -76.2,169 -76.5,169 -76.8,169 -77.1,169 -77.4,169 -77.7,169 -78,168.3 -78,167.6 -78,166.9 -78,166.2 -78,165.5 -78,164.8 -78,164.1 -78,163.4 -78,162.7 -78,162 -78,162 -77.7,162 -77.4,162 -77.1,162 -76.8,162 -76.5,162 -76.2,162 -75.9,162 -75.6,162 -75.3,162 -75))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine mammals of the Southern Ocean have evolved diverse life history patterns and foraging strategies to accommodate extreme fluctuations in the physical and biological environment. In light of ongoing climate change and the dramatic shifts in the extent and persistence of sea ice in the Ross Sea, it is critical to understand how Weddell seals, Leptonychotes weddellii, a key apex predator, select and utilize foraging habitats. Recent advances in satellite-linked animal-borne conductivity, temperature and depth (CTD) tags make it possible to simultaneously collect data on seal locations, their diving patterns, and the temperature and salinity profiles of the water columns they utilize. In other ecosystems, such data have revealed that marine predators selectively forage in areas where currents and fronts serve to locally concentrate prey resources, and that these conditions are required to sustain populations. Weddell seals will be studied in McMurdo Sound and at Terra Nova Bay, Ross Sea and will provide the first new data on Weddell seal winter diving behavior and habitat use in almost two decades. The relationship between an animal\u0027s diving behavior and physical habitat has enormous potential to enhance monitoring studies and to provide insight into how changes in ice conditions (due either to warming or the impact of large icebergs, such as B15) might impact individual time budgets and foraging success. The second thrust of this project is to use the profiles obtained from CTD seal tags to model the physical oceanography of this region. Current mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes in the Southern Ocean are directed at better understanding the role that it plays in global climate processes, and the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. However, these efforts are limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data at high latitudes in the winter months; CTD tags deployed on animals will collect data at sufficient spatial and temporal resolution to improve data density. The project will contribute to two IPY endorsed initiatives: MEOP (Marine Mammals as Explorers of the Ocean Pole to Pole) and CAML (Census of Antarctic Marine Life). In addition, the highly visual nature of the data and analysis lends itself to public and educational display and outreach, particularly as they relate to global climate change, and we have collaborations with undergraduate and graduate training programs, the Seymour Marine Discovery Center, and the ARMADA program to foster these broader impacts.", "east": 169.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165.5 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Biota; Oceans; Ross Sea; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Burns, Jennifer", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000661", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Weddell seals as autonomous sensors of the winter oceanography of the Ross Sea", "uid": "600101", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "0739698 Doran, Peter; 0739681 Murray, Alison", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(161.931 -77.3885)"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Lake Vida is the largest lake of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, with an approximately 20 m ice cover overlaying a brine of unknown depth with at least 7 times seawater salinity and temperatures below -10 degrees C year-round. Samples of brine collected from ice above the main water body contain 1) the highest nitrous oxide levels of any natural water body on Earth, 2) unusual geochemistry including anomalously high ammonia and iron concentrations, 3) high microbial counts with an unusual proportion (99%) of ultramicrobacteria. The microbial community is unique even compared to other Dry Valley Lakes. The research proposes to enter, for the first time the main brine body below the thick ice of Lake Vida and perform in situ measurements, collect samples of the brine column, and collect sediment cores from the lake bottom for detailed geochemical and microbiological analyses. The results will allow the characterization of present and past life in the lake, assessment of modern and past sedimentary processes, and determination of the lake\u0027s history. The research will be conducted by a multidisciplinary team that will uncover the biogeochemical processes associated with a non-photosynthetic microbial community isolated for a significant period of time. This research will address diversity, adaptive mechanisms and evolutionary processes in the context of the physical evolution of the environment of Lake Vida. Results will be widely disseminated through publications, presentations at national and international meetings, through the Subglacial Antarctic Lake Exploration (SALE) web site and the McMurdo LTER web site. The research will support three graduate students and three undergraduate research assistants. The results will be incorporated into a new undergraduate biogeosciences course at the University of Illinois at Chicago which has an extremely diverse student body, dominated by minorities.", "east": 161.931, "geometry": ["POINT(161.931 -77.3885)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Carbon-14; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Dry Valleys; Geochronology; Ice Core Records; Lake Vida; Microbiology", "locations": "Lake Vida; Antarctica; Dry Valleys", "north": -77.3885, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Murray, Alison", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000485", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.3885, "title": "Geochemistry and Microbiology of the Extreme Aquatic Environment in Lake Vida, East Antarctica", "uid": "600080", "west": 161.931}, {"awards": "0739781 Blythe, Ann", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((155.77667 -79.793335,156.208836 -79.793335,156.641002 -79.793335,157.073168 -79.793335,157.505334 -79.793335,157.9375 -79.793335,158.369666 -79.793335,158.801832 -79.793335,159.233998 -79.793335,159.666164 -79.793335,160.09833 -79.793335,160.09833 -79.8578345,160.09833 -79.922334,160.09833 -79.9868335,160.09833 -80.051333,160.09833 -80.1158325,160.09833 -80.180332,160.09833 -80.2448315,160.09833 -80.309331,160.09833 -80.3738305,160.09833 -80.43833,159.666164 -80.43833,159.233998 -80.43833,158.801832 -80.43833,158.369666 -80.43833,157.9375 -80.43833,157.505334 -80.43833,157.073168 -80.43833,156.641002 -80.43833,156.208836 -80.43833,155.77667 -80.43833,155.77667 -80.3738305,155.77667 -80.309331,155.77667 -80.2448315,155.77667 -80.180332,155.77667 -80.1158325,155.77667 -80.051333,155.77667 -79.9868335,155.77667 -79.922334,155.77667 -79.8578345,155.77667 -79.793335))"], "date_created": "Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project studies formation of the TransAntarctic Mountains (TAM) through numerical modeling based on cooling histories of apatite mineral grains. The TAM are the highest and longest rift-related mountain range in the world. Various models for their uplift have been proposed, the most provocative of which is that they are not uplifted, but instead are the eroded remnant of a plateau. This project evaluates that hypothesis by collecting apatites from around Byrd Glacier for fission track thermochronology. Results will be combined with a kinematic and thermal model to determine the TAM\u0027s structural evolution. The plateau model, if correct, implies that the Byrd Glacier originated not as a glacier-carved valley through the TAM, but as a river system flowing in the opposite direction. Given that the Byrd Glacier is a key drainage for the East Antarctic ice sheet, this result has important implications for ice sheet models and interpretation of both regional geology and sediment records. The main broader impacts are undergraduate research and a new collaboration between a primarily undergraduate and a research institution. Students will be involved in the field program, sample analyses, and numerical modeling.", "east": 160.09833, "geometry": ["POINT(157.9375 -80.1158325)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Fission Track Thermochronology; Geochemistry; Solid Earth; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Antarctica; Transantarctic Mountains", "north": -79.793335, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Blythe, Ann Elizabeth; Huerta, Audrey D.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Thermochronologic and modelling test for a Mesozoic West Antarctic Plateau", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000677", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Thermochronologic and modelling test for a Mesozoic West Antarctic Plateau"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.43833, "title": "Thermochronologic and modelling test for a Mesozoic West Antarctic Plateau", "uid": "600082", "west": 155.77667}, {"awards": "0538674 Winebrenner, Dale", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(73.17 -78.47)"], "date_created": "Mon, 15 Aug 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set provides a modeled radar attenuation rate profile, showing the predicted contributions from pure ice and impurities to radar attenuation at the Vostok 5G ice core site in Antarctica, as well as the total attenuation rate and its formal uncertainty. The model data are based on borehole temperature logs, concentrations of major soluble ions measured from melted ice core samples, and information about the electrical conductivity of ice. Attenuation rates and their spatial variability are important constraints for radar studies of ice sheets. Parameters include depth, total attenuation rate, and attenuation rate contribution from pure ice, acidity, and salinity.\n\nData are available via FTP as a text file (.txt) with columns in comma separated value format.", "east": 73.17, "geometry": ["POINT(73.17 -78.47)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Lake Vostok; Radar Attenuation Rate; Vostok Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctica; Lake Vostok", "north": -78.47, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Macgregor, Joseph A.; Matsuoka, Kenichi; Studinger, Michael S.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Deciphering the Deep Ice and the Ice-water Interface over Lake Vostok Using Existing Radar Data", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000090", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Deciphering the Deep Ice and the Ice-water Interface over Lake Vostok Using Existing Radar Data"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.47, "title": "Modeled Radar Attenuation Rate Profile at the Vostok 5G Ice Core Site, Antarctica", "uid": "609501", "west": 73.17}, {"awards": "0538674 Winebrenner, Dale", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((68.4 -75.7,69.61 -75.7,70.82 -75.7,72.03 -75.7,73.24 -75.7,74.45 -75.7,75.66 -75.7,76.87 -75.7,78.08 -75.7,79.29 -75.7,80.5 -75.7,80.5 -76.04,80.5 -76.38,80.5 -76.72,80.5 -77.06,80.5 -77.4,80.5 -77.74,80.5 -78.08,80.5 -78.42,80.5 -78.76,80.5 -79.1,79.29 -79.1,78.08 -79.1,76.87 -79.1,75.66 -79.1,74.45 -79.1,73.24 -79.1,72.03 -79.1,70.82 -79.1,69.61 -79.1,68.4 -79.1,68.4 -78.76,68.4 -78.42,68.4 -78.08,68.4 -77.74,68.4 -77.4,68.4 -77.06,68.4 -76.72,68.4 -76.38,68.4 -76.04,68.4 -75.7))"], "date_created": "Mon, 01 Aug 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set consists of inferred accumulation rates from three radar layers (26, 35 and 41 thousand years old) in the Vostok Subglacial Lake region. Accumulation rates were inferred using Local-Layer Approximation (LLA), which assumes that the strain-rate history of a particle traveling through the ice sheet can be approximated by the vertical strain-rate profile at the current position of the particle, which the researchers assume to be uniform. Parameters include location, in latitude and longitude, polar stereographic coordinates, and local grid X and Y coordinates, along with layer age, in thousands of years (ka), and inferred accumulation rate (cm/a). The data cover a 150 by 350 km area.\n\nData are available via FTP, as a text file (.txt) with columns in comma separated value format.", "east": 80.5, "geometry": ["POINT(74.45 -77.4)"], "keywords": "Accumulation Rate; Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Lake Vostok", "locations": "Antarctica; Lake Vostok", "north": -75.7, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Macgregor, Joseph A.; Matsuoka, Kenichi; Studinger, Michael S.; Waddington, Edwin D.; Winebrenner, Dale", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Deciphering the Deep Ice and the Ice-water Interface over Lake Vostok Using Existing Radar Data", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000090", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Deciphering the Deep Ice and the Ice-water Interface over Lake Vostok Using Existing Radar Data"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.1, "title": "Millennially Averaged Accumulation Rates for Lake Vostok", "uid": "609500", "west": 68.4}, {"awards": "0902957 Robinson, Laura", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70.5 -54.5,-66.95 -54.5,-63.4 -54.5,-59.85 -54.5,-56.3 -54.5,-52.75 -54.5,-49.2 -54.5,-45.65 -54.5,-42.1 -54.5,-38.55 -54.5,-35 -54.5,-35 -55.2,-35 -55.9,-35 -56.6,-35 -57.3,-35 -58,-35 -58.7,-35 -59.4,-35 -60.1,-35 -60.8,-35 -61.5,-38.55 -61.5,-42.1 -61.5,-45.65 -61.5,-49.2 -61.5,-52.75 -61.5,-56.3 -61.5,-59.85 -61.5,-63.4 -61.5,-66.95 -61.5,-70.5 -61.5,-70.5 -60.8,-70.5 -60.1,-70.5 -59.4,-70.5 -58.7,-70.5 -58,-70.5 -57.3,-70.5 -56.6,-70.5 -55.9,-70.5 -55.2,-70.5 -54.5))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The proposal seeks funds to continue a follow-up analytical work of deep-sea corals collected in the Drake Passage during a research cruise. The project\u0027s goal is paleo-climate research looking to constrain the depth structure and time evolution of the radiocarbon content of the Southern Ocean during the glacial and deglaciation. Radiocarbon is a versatile tracer of past climate; its radioactive decay provides an internal clock with which to assess the rates of processes, and it can be used to trace the movement of carbon through the Earth\u0027s system. It enters the ocean through air-sea gas exchange, so processes that limits this will, therefore, reduce the radiocarbon content of both surface and deep waters. The Southern Ocean is a critical location for exchange of heat and carbon between the deep-ocean and atmospheric reservoirs, and the deep waters formed there fill large volumes of the global deep and intermediate oceans. As strong currents tend to scour away sediments, carbonate preservation is limited, and radiocarbon reservoir ages are poorly constrained, many traditional paleoceanographic techniques become impractical. It is proposed to alleviate these difficulties analyzing the chemical composition of deep-sea coral skeletons. Their aragonitic skeletons can be precisely dated using U-series decay, and when coupled with radiocarbon analyses will allow to calculate the C14/C12 ratio of the past water column.", "east": -35.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-52.75 -58)"], "keywords": "Biota; Corals; Drake Passage; Geochronology; NBP0805; Oceans; Paleoclimate; Radiocarbon; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Drake Passage; Southern Ocean", "north": -54.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Robinson, Laura", "project_titles": "LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000519", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -61.5, "title": "LGM and Deglacial Radiocarbon from U-series Dated Drake Passage Deep-sea Corals", "uid": "600111", "west": -70.5}, {"awards": "0537609 Gee, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-52.9943 -82.6146,-52.990539 -82.6146,-52.986778 -82.6146,-52.983017 -82.6146,-52.979256 -82.6146,-52.975495 -82.6146,-52.971734 -82.6146,-52.967973 -82.6146,-52.964212 -82.6146,-52.960451 -82.6146,-52.95669 -82.6146,-52.95669 -82.615118,-52.95669 -82.615636,-52.95669 -82.616154,-52.95669 -82.616672,-52.95669 -82.61719,-52.95669 -82.617708,-52.95669 -82.618226,-52.95669 -82.618744,-52.95669 -82.619262,-52.95669 -82.61978,-52.960451 -82.61978,-52.964212 -82.61978,-52.967973 -82.61978,-52.971734 -82.61978,-52.975495 -82.61978,-52.979256 -82.61978,-52.983017 -82.61978,-52.986778 -82.61978,-52.990539 -82.61978,-52.9943 -82.61978,-52.9943 -82.619262,-52.9943 -82.618744,-52.9943 -82.618226,-52.9943 -82.617708,-52.9943 -82.61719,-52.9943 -82.616672,-52.9943 -82.616154,-52.9943 -82.615636,-52.9943 -82.615118,-52.9943 -82.6146))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project studies remnant magnetization in igneous rocks from the Dufek igneous complex, Antarctica. Its primary goal is to understand variations in the Earth\u0027s magnetic field during the Mesozoic Dipole Low (MDL), a period when the Earth\u0027s magnetic field underwent dramatic weakening and rapid reversals. This work will resolve the MDL\u0027s timing and nature, and assess connections between reversal rate, geomagnetic intensity and directional variability, and large-scale geodynamic processes. The project also includes petrologic studies to determine cooling rate effects on magnetic signatures, and understand assembly of the Dufek as an igneous body. Poorly studied, the Dufek is amongst the world\u0027s largest intrusions and its formation is connected to the break-up of Gondwana. The broader impacts of this project include graduate and undergraduate education and international collaboration with a German and Chilean IPY project.", "east": -52.95669, "geometry": ["POINT(-52.975495 -82.61719)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Dufek Complex; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Paleomagnetism; Solid Earth", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -82.6146, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Gee, Jeffrey", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: An Integrated Geomagnetic and Petrologic Study of the Dufek Complex", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000510", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: An Integrated Geomagnetic and Petrologic Study of the Dufek Complex"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -82.61978, "title": "An Integrated Geomagnetic and Petrologic Study of the Dufek Complex", "uid": "600053", "west": -52.9943}, {"awards": "0542111 Lonsdale, Darcy", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-166.287 -76.5799)"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Recent studies of marine ecosystems show conflicting evidence for trophic cascades, and in particular the relative strength of the crustacean zooplankton-phytoplankton link. The Ross Sea is a natural laboratory for investigating this apparent conflict. It is a site of seasonally high abundances of phytoplankton, characterized by regions of distinct phytoplankton taxa; the southcentral polynya is strongly dominated by the colony-forming prymnesiophyte Phaeocystis antarctica, while coastal regions of this sea are typically dominated by diatoms or flagellate species. Recent studies indicate that, while the south-central polynya exhibits a massive phytoplankton bloom, the poor food quality of P. antarctica for many crustacean zooplankton prevents direct utilization of much of this phytoplankton bloom. Rather, evidence suggests that indirect utilization of this production may be the primary mechanism by which carbon and energy become available to those higher trophic levels. Specifically, we hypothesized that nano- and microzooplankton constitute an important food source for crustacean zooplankton (largely copepods and juvenile euphausiids) during the summer period in the Ross Sea where the phytoplankton assemblage is dominated by the prymnesiophyte. In turn, we also hypothesize that predation by copepods (and other Crustacea) controls and structures the species composition of these protistan assemblages. We occupied stations in the south-central Ross Sea Polynya (RSP) and Terra Nova Bay (TNB) during austral summer to test these hypotheses. We hypothesized that the diatom species that dominate the phytoplankton assemblage in TNB constitute a direct source of nutrition to herbivorous/omnivorous zooplankton (relative to the situation in the south-central RSP). That is, the contribution of heterotrophic protists to crustacean diets will be reduced in TNB. Our research addressed fundamental gaps in our knowledge of food web structure and trophic cascades.", "east": -166.287, "geometry": ["POINT(-166.287 -76.5799)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Crustacea; Oceans; Phytoplankton; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -76.5799, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Lonsdale, Darcy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Do Crustacean Zooplankton Play a Pivotal Role in Structuring Heterotrophic Plankton Communities in the Ross Sea?", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000520", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Do Crustacean Zooplankton Play a Pivotal Role in Structuring Heterotrophic Plankton Communities in the Ross Sea?"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.5799, "title": "Do Crustacean Zooplankton Play a Pivotal Role in Structuring Heterotrophic Plankton Communities in the Ross Sea?", "uid": "600059", "west": -166.287}, {"awards": "0636319 Shaw, Timothy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-51.9201 -57.5061,-50.99447 -57.5061,-50.06884 -57.5061,-49.14321 -57.5061,-48.21758 -57.5061,-47.29195 -57.5061,-46.36632 -57.5061,-45.44069 -57.5061,-44.51506 -57.5061,-43.58943 -57.5061,-42.6638 -57.5061,-42.6638 -58.03449,-42.6638 -58.56288,-42.6638 -59.09127,-42.6638 -59.61966,-42.6638 -60.14805,-42.6638 -60.67644,-42.6638 -61.20483,-42.6638 -61.73322,-42.6638 -62.26161,-42.6638 -62.79,-43.58943 -62.79,-44.51506 -62.79,-45.44069 -62.79,-46.36632 -62.79,-47.29195 -62.79,-48.21758 -62.79,-49.14321 -62.79,-50.06884 -62.79,-50.99447 -62.79,-51.9201 -62.79,-51.9201 -62.26161,-51.9201 -61.73322,-51.9201 -61.20483,-51.9201 -60.67644,-51.9201 -60.14805,-51.9201 -59.61966,-51.9201 -59.09127,-51.9201 -58.56288,-51.9201 -58.03449,-51.9201 -57.5061))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions:1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.", "east": -42.6638, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.29195 -60.14805)"], "keywords": "Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Oceans; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Sea Surface; Weddell Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -57.5061, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Shaw, Tim; Twining, Benjamin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000511", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -62.79, "title": "Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600064", "west": -51.9201}, {"awards": "0636543 Murray, Alison", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-51.98403 -57.58068,-51.042765 -57.58068,-50.1015 -57.58068,-49.160235 -57.58068,-48.21897 -57.58068,-47.277705 -57.58068,-46.33644 -57.58068,-45.395175 -57.58068,-44.45391 -57.58068,-43.512645 -57.58068,-42.57138 -57.58068,-42.57138 -58.10845,-42.57138 -58.63622,-42.57138 -59.16399,-42.57138 -59.69176,-42.57138 -60.21953,-42.57138 -60.7473,-42.57138 -61.27507,-42.57138 -61.80284,-42.57138 -62.33061,-42.57138 -62.85838,-43.512645 -62.85838,-44.45391 -62.85838,-45.395175 -62.85838,-46.33644 -62.85838,-47.277705 -62.85838,-48.21897 -62.85838,-49.160235 -62.85838,-50.1015 -62.85838,-51.042765 -62.85838,-51.98403 -62.85838,-51.98403 -62.33061,-51.98403 -61.80284,-51.98403 -61.27507,-51.98403 -60.7473,-51.98403 -60.21953,-51.98403 -59.69176,-51.98403 -59.16399,-51.98403 -58.63622,-51.98403 -58.10845,-51.98403 -57.58068))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.", "east": -42.57138, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.277705 -60.21953)"], "keywords": "Biota; Geochemistry; NBP0902; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "north": -57.58068, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Murray, Alison", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000511", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -62.85838, "title": "Free-Drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600065", "west": -51.98403}, {"awards": "0538479 Seibel, Brad", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166 -77,166.1 -77,166.2 -77,166.3 -77,166.4 -77,166.5 -77,166.6 -77,166.7 -77,166.8 -77,166.9 -77,167 -77,167 -77.1,167 -77.2,167 -77.3,167 -77.4,167 -77.5,167 -77.6,167 -77.7,167 -77.8,167 -77.9,167 -78,166.9 -78,166.8 -78,166.7 -78,166.6 -78,166.5 -78,166.4 -78,166.3 -78,166.2 -78,166.1 -78,166 -78,166 -77.9,166 -77.8,166 -77.7,166 -77.6,166 -77.5,166 -77.4,166 -77.3,166 -77.2,166 -77.1,166 -77))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Rising atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations have resulted in greater oceanic uptake of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. Elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide can impact marine organisms both via decreased carbonate saturation that affects calcification rates and via disturbance to acid-base (metabolic) physiology. Pteropod molluscs (Thecosomata) form shells made of aragonite, a type of calcium carbonate that is highly soluble, suggesting that these organisms may be particularly sensitive to increasing carbon dioxide and reduced carbonate ion concentration. Thecosome pteropods, which dominate the calcium carbonate export south of the Antarctic Polar Front, will be the first major group of marine calcifying organisms to experience carbonate undersaturation within parts of their present-day geographical ranges as a result of anthropogenic carbon dioxide. An unusual, co-evolved relationship between thecosomes and their specialized gymnosome predators provides a unique backdrop against which to assess the physiological and ecological importance of elevated partial pressure of carbon dioxide. Pteropods are functionally important components of the Antarctic ecosystem with potential to influence phytoplankton stocks, carbon export, and dimethyl sulfide levels that, in turn, influence global climate through ocean-atmosphere feedback loops. The research will quantify the impact of elevated carbon dioxide on a dominant aragonitic pteropod, Limacina helicina, and its specialist predator, the gymnosome Clione antarctica, in the Ross Sea through laboratory experimentation. Results will be disseminated broadly to enhance scientific understanding in this field. The project involves collaboration between researchers at a predominantly undergraduate institution with a significant enrollment of students that are typically underrepresented in the research environment (California State University San Marcos - CSUSM) and at a Ph.D.-granting institution (University of Rhode Island - URI). The program will promote education and learning through the joint education of undergraduate students and graduate students at CSUSM and URI as part of a research team, as well as through the teaching activities of the principal investigators. Dr. Keating, CSUSM professor of science education, will participate in the McMurdo fieldwork and lead the outreach opportunities for the project.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166.5 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Biota; CO2; Mcmurdo Station; Oceans; Ross Island; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Shell Fish; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Ross Island", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Seibel, Brad", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Impacts of Elevated pCO2 on a Dominant Aragonitic Pteropod (Thecosomata) and its Specialist Predator (Gymnosomata) in the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000694", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Impacts of Elevated pCO2 on a Dominant Aragonitic Pteropod (Thecosomata) and its Specialist Predator (Gymnosomata) in the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Impacts of Elevated pCO2 on a Dominant Aragonitic Pteropod (Thecosomata) and its Specialist Predator (Gymnosomata) in the Ross Sea", "uid": "600055", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0440687 Costa, Daniel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64 -60,-63 -60,-62 -60,-61 -60,-60 -60,-59 -60,-58 -60,-57 -60,-56 -60,-55 -60,-54 -60,-54 -60.4,-54 -60.8,-54 -61.2,-54 -61.6,-54 -62,-54 -62.4,-54 -62.8,-54 -63.2,-54 -63.6,-54 -64,-55 -64,-56 -64,-57 -64,-58 -64,-59 -64,-60 -64,-61 -64,-62 -64,-63 -64,-64 -64,-64 -63.6,-64 -63.2,-64 -62.8,-64 -62.4,-64 -62,-64 -61.6,-64 -61.2,-64 -60.8,-64 -60.4,-64 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "As long-lived animals, marine mammals must be capable of accommodating broad variations in food resources over large spatial and temporal scales. While this is true of all marine mammals, variation in the physical and biological environmental is particularly profound in the Southern Ocean. A basic understanding of the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of pelagic predators requires knowledge of this spatial and temporal variation, coupled with information of how they respond to these changes. Current understanding of these associations is primarily limited to population level studies where animal abundance has been correlated with oceanography. Although these studies are informative, they cannot provide insights into the strategies employed by individual animals nor can they provide insights into the spatial or temporal course of these interactions. Recent technological advances in instrumentation make it possible to extend an understanding beyond the simple linkage of prey and predator distributions with environmental features. The key to understanding the processes that lead to high predator abundance is the identification of the specific foraging behaviors associated with different features of the water column. This study will accomplish these objectives by combining accurate positional data, measures of diving and foraging behavior, animal-derived water-column temperature and salinity data, and available oceanographic data. This project will examine the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of two species of contrasting foraging ecology, the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, and the crabeater seal, Lobodon carcinophagus in the Western Antarctic Peninsula, a region of strong environmental gradients. Although these two species are phylogenetically related, they utilize substantially different but adjacent habitat types. Southern elephant seals are predominantly pelagic, moving throughout the southern ocean, venturing occasionally into the seasonal pack ice whereas crabeater seals range throughout the seasonal pack ice, venturing occasionally into open water. The relationship of specific foraging behaviors and animal movement patterns to oceanographic and bathymetric features develop and test models of the importance of these features in defining habitat use will be determined along with a comparison of how individuals of each species respond to annual variability in the marine environment. The physical oceanography of the Southern Ocean is inherently complex as are the biological processes that are intrinsically linked to oceanographic processes. Significant resources are currently being directed toward developing mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes with the goals of better understanding the role that the Southern Ocean plays in global climate processes, predicting the responses of ocean and global scale processes to climate change, and understanding the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. These efforts have been limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data in the region, especially at high latitudes in the winter months. This study will provide new and significant oceanographic data on temperature and salinity profiles in to further the understanding of the dynamics of the upper water column of west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf waters. Outreach activities include website development and an association with a marine education program at the Monterrey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.\n", "east": -54.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-59 -62)"], "keywords": "Bellingshausen Sea; Biota; Oceans; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Bellingshausen Sea", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Klinck, John M.; Crocker, Daniel; Goebel, Michael; Hofmann, Eileen; Costa, Daniel", "project_titles": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000082", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.0, "title": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection", "uid": "600044", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "0636730 Vernet, Maria", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-55 -52,-53.5 -52,-52 -52,-50.5 -52,-49 -52,-47.5 -52,-46 -52,-44.5 -52,-43 -52,-41.5 -52,-40 -52,-40 -53.3,-40 -54.6,-40 -55.9,-40 -57.2,-40 -58.5,-40 -59.8,-40 -61.1,-40 -62.4,-40 -63.7,-40 -65,-41.5 -65,-43 -65,-44.5 -65,-46 -65,-47.5 -65,-49 -65,-50.5 -65,-52 -65,-53.5 -65,-55 -65,-55 -63.7,-55 -62.4,-55 -61.1,-55 -59.8,-55 -58.5,-55 -57.2,-55 -55.9,-55 -54.6,-55 -53.3,-55 -52))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.\n", "east": -40.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.5 -58.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; NBP0902; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea; Antarctica", "north": -52.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Vernet, Maria", "project_titles": "Collaborative Reseach: Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000532", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Reseach: Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Free-drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600068", "west": -55.0}, {"awards": "0636723 Helly, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-55 -52,-53.5 -52,-52 -52,-50.5 -52,-49 -52,-47.5 -52,-46 -52,-44.5 -52,-43 -52,-41.5 -52,-40 -52,-40 -53.3,-40 -54.6,-40 -55.9,-40 -57.2,-40 -58.5,-40 -59.8,-40 -61.1,-40 -62.4,-40 -63.7,-40 -65,-41.5 -65,-43 -65,-44.5 -65,-46 -65,-47.5 -65,-49 -65,-50.5 -65,-52 -65,-53.5 -65,-55 -65,-55 -63.7,-55 -62.4,-55 -61.1,-55 -59.8,-55 -58.5,-55 -57.2,-55 -55.9,-55 -54.6,-55 -53.3,-55 -52))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Atmospheric warming has been associated with retreating glaciers, disintegrating ice shelves, and the increasing prevalence of icebergs in the Southern Ocean over the last decade. Our preliminary study of two icebergs in the NW Weddell Sea, an area of high iceberg concentration, showed significant delivery of terrestrial material accompanied by significant enhancement of phytoplankton and zooplankton/micronekton abundance, and primary production surrounding the icebergs. We hypothesize that nutrient enrichment by free-drifting icebergs will increase primary production and sedimentation of organic carbon, thus increasing the draw-down and sequestration of CO2 in the Southern Ocean and impacting the global carbon cycle. Our research addresses the following questions: 1) What is the relationship between the physical dynamics of free-drifting icebergs and the Fe and nutrient distributions of the surrounding water column? 2) What is the relationship between Fe and nutrient distributions associated with free-drifting icebergs and the organic carbon dynamics of the ice-attached and surrounding pelagic communities (microbes, zooplankton, micronekton)? 3) What is impact on the export flux of particulate organic carbon from the mixed layer? An interdisciplinary approach is proposed to examine iceberg structure and dynamics, biogeochemical processes, and carbon cycling that includes measurement of trace element, nutrient and radionuclide distributions; organic carbon dynamics mediated by microbial, ice-attached and zooplankton communities; and particulate organic carbon export fluxes. Results from this project will further our understanding of the relationship between climate change and carbon sequestration in the Southern Ocean. Our findings will be incorporated into the Antarctic Research division of the Ocean Exploration Center (OEC) as part of the SIOExplorer: Digital Library Project. The OEC allows users to access content, which is classified to one of four levels: entry (grade K-6), student (grade 6-12), college, and research. Graduate students, undergraduates, teachers, and volunteers are important participants in the proposed field and laboratory work. For the K-12 level, a professional writer of children\u0027s books will participate in cruises to produce an account of the expedition and a daily interactive website.", "east": -40.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-47.5 -58.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; NBP0902; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Weddell Sea", "north": -52.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Helly, John", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000511", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Free Drifting Icebergs as Proliferation Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.0, "title": "Free-Drifting Icebergs as Proliferating Dispersion Sites of Iron Enrichment, Organic Carbon Production and Export in the Southern Ocean", "uid": "600067", "west": -55.0}, {"awards": "0436190 Eastman, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Patterns of biodiversity, as revealed by basic research in organismal biology, may be derived from ecological and evolutionary processes expressed in unique settings, such as Antarctica. The polar regions and their faunas are commanding increased attention as declining species diversity, environmental change, commercial fisheries, and resource management are now being viewed in a global context. Commercial fishing is known to have a direct and pervasive effect on marine biodiversity, and occurs in the Southern Ocean as far south as the Ross Sea. The nature of fish biodiversity in the Antarctic is different than in all other ocean shelf areas. Waters of the Antarctic continental shelf are ice covered for most of the year and water temperatures are nearly constant at -1.5 C. In these waters components of the phyletically derived Antarctic clade of Notothenioids dominate fish diversity. In some regions, including the southwestern Ross Sea, Notothenioids are overwhelmingly dominant in terms of number of species, abundance, and biomass. Such dominance by a single taxonomic group is unique among shelf faunas of the world. In the absence of competition from a taxonomically diverse fauna, Notothenioids underwent a habitat or depth related diversification keyed to the utilization of unfilled niches in the water column, especially pelagic or partially pelagic zooplanktivory and piscivory. This has been accomplished in the absence of a swim bladder for buoyancy control. They also may form a special type of adaptive radiation known as a species flock, which is an assemblage of a disproportionately high number of related species that have evolved rapidly within a defined area where most species are endemic. Diversification in buoyancy is the hallmark of the notothenioid radiation. Buoyancy is the feature of notothenioid biology that determines whether a species lives on the substrate, in the water column or both. Buoyancy also influences other key aspects of life history including swimming, feeding and reproduction and thus has implications for the role of the species in the ecosystem. With similarities to classic evolutionary hot spots, the Antarctic shelf and its Notothenioid radiation merit further exploration. The 2004 \u0027International Collaborative Expedition to collect and study Fish Indigenous to Sub-Antarctic Habitats,\u0027 or, \u0027ICEFISH,\u0027 provided a platform for collection of notothenioid fishes from sub-Antarctic waters between South America and Africa, which will be examined in this project. This study will determine buoyancy for samples of all notothenioid species captured during the ICEFISH cruise. This essential aspect of the biology is known for only 19% of the notothenioid fauna. Also, the gross and microscopic anatomy of brains and sense organs of the phyletically basal families Bovichtidae, Eleginopidae, and of the non-Antarctic species of the primarily Antarctic family Nototheniidae will be examined. The fish biodiversity and endemicity in poorly known localities along the ICEFISH cruise track, seamounts and deep trenches will be quantified. Broader impacts include improved information for comprehending and conserving biodiversity, a scientific and societal priority.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Biota; NBP0404; Oceans; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Eastman, Joseph", "project_titles": "Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000106", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Biodiversity, Buoyancy and Morphological Studies of Non-Antarctic Notothenioid Fishes", "uid": "600038", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "XXXXXXX Palais, Julie", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(65 -75)"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 1999 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Major ion concentration values (Na, Mg, Ca, Cl, NO3, SO4, MSA) were\nanalyzed from a 20-meter ice core drilled in Dronning Maud Land,\nAntarctica (location - 65 01\u0027 East, 75 00\u0027 South, elevation - 2,900 m\na.s.l.). The core was drilled during the austral summer\n1991-1992. Major ion analysis was by ion chromatography. The anions\nwere analyzed on a Dionex AS4A column; the cations on a Dionex CS12\ncolumn and MSA on a Dionex AS4 column. All used suppressed chromatography. Using established protocols to prevent contamination,\nthe core was processed into 3-centimeter pieces by the Glacier\nResearch Group at the University of New Hampshire\u0027s Climate Change\nResearch Center. The 3-cm pieces were kept frozen until major ion\nanalysis.", "east": 65.0, "geometry": ["POINT(65 -75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Dronning Maud Land; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "locations": "Dronning Maud Land; Antarctica", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Whitlow, Sallie; Mayewski, Paul A.", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -75.0, "title": "Dronning Maud Land, Antarctica, Ice Core, 1991 and 1992", "uid": "609089", "west": 65.0}]

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