USAP-DC

{"dp_type": "Project", "free_text": "Greenhouse Gases"}

[{"awards": "1542723 Alexander, Becky", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(-112.05 -79.28)", "dataset_titles": "WAIS Divide ice core nitrate isotopes", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601456", "doi": "10.15784/601456", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Chemistry; Ice Core Records; Nitrate; Nitrate Isotopes; WAIS Divide Ice Core; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "people": "Alexander, Becky", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "WAIS Divide ice core nitrate isotopes", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601456"}], "date_created": "Mon, 13 Feb 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Earth\u0027s atmosphere is a highly oxidizing medium. The abundance of oxidants such as ozone in the atmosphere strongly influences the concentrations of pollutants and greenhouse gases, with implications for human health and welfare. Because oxidants are not preserved in geological archives, knowledge of how oxidants have varied in the past under changing climate conditions is extremely limited. This award will measure a proxy for oxidant concentrations in a West Antarctic ice core over several major climate transitions over the past 50,000 years. These measurements will complement similar measurements from a Greenland ice core, which showed significant changes in atmospheric oxidants over major climate transitions covering this same time period. The addition of measurements from Antarctica will allow researchers to examine if the oxidant changes suggested by the Greenland ice core record are regional or global in scale. Knowledge of how oxidants vary naturally with climate will better inform predictions of the composition of the future atmosphere under a warming climate.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award will support measurements of the isotopic composition of nitrate in a West Antarctic ice core as a proxy for oxidant concentrations in the past atmosphere. The nitrogen isotopes of nitrate provide information on the degree of preservation of nitrate in the ice core record, and thus aid in the interpretation of the observed variability in the observed nitrate concentrations and oxygen isotopes in ice core records. By providing information about the spatial scale of oxidant changes over abrupt climate change events during the last glacial period, this project may also improve our understanding of mechanisms driving these abrupt events. Insight from this project will prove valuable for forecasting the response of stratospheric circulation to climate change, which has large implications for climate feedbacks and tropospheric composition. In addition, the information gleaned from this project on the mechanisms and feedbacks during abrupt climate change events will help determine the likelihood of such rapid events occurring in the future, which would have dramatic impacts on humankind. This award will provide training for one graduate and one undergraduate student, and will support the development of a hands-on activity related to rapid climate change to be used at the annual Polar Science Weekend at the Pacific Science Center in Seattle, WA.", "east": -112.05, "geometry": "POINT(-112.05 -79.28)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Nitrate Isotopes; ICE CORE RECORDS; WAIS Divide; LABORATORY", "locations": "WAIS Divide", "north": -79.28, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Alexander, Becky", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.28, "title": "Measuring an Ice-core Proxy for Relative Oxidant Abundances over Glacial-interglacial and Rapid Climate changes in a West Antarctic Ice Core", "uid": "p0010403", "west": -112.05}, {"awards": "1643431 Bitz, Cecilia", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Analysis code, processed observational data and climate model output required to produce figures for Roach et al (2022); Model output: CICE experiments with varying floe and wave physics described in Roach et al. (2019); Model output from experiments (FSD-M21) described in Cooper et al 2022.; Model output from experiments (IC4M1) described in Cooper et al 2022.; Model output from experiments (IC4M2) described in Cooper et al 2022.; Model output from experiments (IC4M3rad) described in Cooper et al 2022.; Model output from experiments (IC4M4) described in Cooper et al 2022.; Model output from experiments (IC4M5) described in Cooper et al 2022.; Model output from experiments (IC4M7) described in Cooper et al 2022.; Model output: NEMO-CICE with an emergent sea ice floe size distribution described in Roach et al (2018)", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200309", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.3463580", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output: CICE experiments with varying floe and wave physics described in Roach et al. (2019)", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/3463580"}, {"dataset_uid": "200301", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6213441", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output from experiments (IC4M1) described in Cooper et al 2022.", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6213441"}, {"dataset_uid": "200302", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6213793", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output from experiments (IC4M2) described in Cooper et al 2022.", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6213793"}, {"dataset_uid": "200303", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6214364", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output from experiments (IC4M3rad) described in Cooper et al 2022.", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6214364"}, {"dataset_uid": "200304", "doi": "10. 5281/zenodo.6214555", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output from experiments (IC4M4) described in Cooper et al 2022.", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6214555"}, {"dataset_uid": "200305", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6214998", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output from experiments (IC4M5) described in Cooper et al 2022.", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6214998"}, {"dataset_uid": "200306", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6212423", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output from experiments (IC4M7) described in Cooper et al 2022.", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6212423"}, {"dataset_uid": "200307", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.6212232", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output from experiments (FSD-M21) described in Cooper et al 2022.", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/6212232"}, {"dataset_uid": "200308", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.5913959", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Analysis code, processed observational data and climate model output required to produce figures for Roach et al (2022)", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/5913959"}, {"dataset_uid": "200310", "doi": "10.5281/zenodo.1193930", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "Zenodo", "science_program": null, "title": "Model output: NEMO-CICE with an emergent sea ice floe size distribution described in Roach et al (2018)", "url": "https://zenodo.org/record/1193930"}], "date_created": "Tue, 19 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Sea-ice coverage surrounding Antarctica has expanded during the era of satellite observations, in contrast to rapidly shrinking Arctic sea ice. Most climate models predict Antarctic sea ice loss, rather than growth, indicating that there is much to learn about Antarctic sea ice in terms of its natural variability, processes and interactions affecting annual growth and retreat, and the impact of atmospheric factors such increasing greenhouse gases and stratospheric ozone depletion. This project is designed to improve model simulations of sea ice and examine the role of wind and wave forcing on changes in sea ice around Antarctica.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis project seeks to explain basic interactions of the coupled atmosphere, ocean, and ice dynamics in the Antarctic climate system, especially in the region near the sea ice edge. The summer evolution of sea ice cover and the near surface heat exchange of atmosphere and ocean depend on the geometric distribution of floes and the open water surrounding them. The distribution of floes has the greatest impact on the sea ice state in the marginal seas, where the distribution itself can vary rapidly. This project would develop and implement a model of sea ice floes in the Los Alamos sea ice model, known as CICE5. This sea ice component would be coupled to the third generation WaveWatch model within the Community Climate System Model Version 2. The coupled model would be used to study sea ice-wave interactions and the role of modeling sea ice floes in the Antarctic. The broader impacts of this project include outreach, support of female scientists, and improvement of the sea-ice codes in widely used climate models.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "ICE FLOES; Southern Ocean; SEA ICE", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Bitz, Cecilia", "platforms": null, "repo": "Zenodo", "repositories": "Zenodo", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "The Role of Wave-sea Ice Floe Interactions in Recent Antarctic Sea Ice Change", "uid": "p0010350", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1643664 Severinghaus, Jeffrey; 1643716 Buizert, Christo; 1643669 Petrenko, Vasilii", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((112 -66,112.2 -66,112.4 -66,112.6 -66,112.8 -66,113 -66,113.2 -66,113.4 -66,113.6 -66,113.8 -66,114 -66,114 -66.1,114 -66.2,114 -66.3,114 -66.4,114 -66.5,114 -66.6,114 -66.7,114 -66.8,114 -66.9,114 -67,113.8 -67,113.6 -67,113.4 -67,113.2 -67,113 -67,112.8 -67,112.6 -67,112.4 -67,112.2 -67,112 -67,112 -66.9,112 -66.8,112 -66.7,112 -66.6,112 -66.5,112 -66.4,112 -66.3,112 -66.2,112 -66.1,112 -66))", "dataset_titles": "Concentration and isotopic composition of atmospheric N2O over the last century; Law Dome DE08-OH firn air 15N, O2/N2, Ar/N2, 18O of O2; Law Dome DE08-OH site noble gases in ice: testing the 86Krexcess proxy", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601598", "doi": "10.15784/601598", "keywords": "Antarctica; Firn; Firn Density; Gravitational Settling; Inert Gases; Law Dome", "people": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Law Dome DE08-OH firn air 15N, O2/N2, Ar/N2, 18O of O2", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601598"}, {"dataset_uid": "601597", "doi": "10.15784/601597", "keywords": "Antarctica; Ice Core; Law Dome; Noble Gas", "people": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Law Dome DE08-OH site noble gases in ice: testing the 86Krexcess proxy", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601597"}, {"dataset_uid": "601693", "doi": "10.15784/601693", "keywords": "Antarctic; Antarctica; Anthropogenic Emission; Atmosphere; Greenhouse Gas; Greenland; Ice Core Data; Nitrification And Denitrification Processes; Nitrous Oxide; Site-Specific 15N Isotopomer; Styx Glacier", "people": "Ghosh, Sambit; Toyoda, Sakae ; Buizert, Christo ; Langenfelds, Ray L ; Yoshida, Naohiro ; Joong Kim, Seong; Ahn, Jinho ; Etheridge, David", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Concentration and isotopic composition of atmospheric N2O over the last century", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601693"}], "date_created": "Fri, 17 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Hydroxyl radicals are responsible for removal of most atmospheric trace gases, including pollutants and important greenhouse gases. They have been called the \"detergent of the atmosphere\". Changes in hydroxyl radical concentration in response to large changes in reactive trace gas emissions, which may happen in the future, are uncertain. This project aims to provide the first estimates of the variability of atmospheric hydroxyl radicals since about 1880 AD when anthropogenic emissions of reactive trace gases were minimal. This will improve understanding of their stability in response to large changes in emissions. The project will also investigate whether ice cores record past changes in Southern Hemisphere westerly winds. These winds are a key component of the global climate system, and have an important influence on ocean circulation and possibly on atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations. The project team will include three early career scientists, a postdoctoral researcher, and graduate and undergraduate students, working in collaboration with senior scientists and Australian collaborators. \u003cbr/\u003e \u003cbr/\u003eFirn air and shallow ice to a depth of about 233 m will be sampled at the Law Dome high-accumulation coastal site in East Antarctica. Trapped air will be extracted from the ice cores on site immediately after drilling. Carbon-14 of carbon monoxide (14CO) will be analyzed in firn and ice-core air samples. Corrections will be made for the in situ cosmogenic 14CO component in the ice, allowing for the atmospheric 14CO history to be reconstructed. This 14CO history will be interpreted with the aid of a chemistry-transport model to place the first observational constraints on the variability of Southern Hemisphere hydroxyl radical concentration after about 1880 AD. An additional component of the project will analyze Krypton-86 in the firn-air and ice-core samples. These measurements will explore whether ice-core Krypton-86 acts as a proxy for barometric pressure variability, and whether this proxy can be used in Antarctic ice cores to infer past movement of the Southern Hemisphere westerly winds.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 114.0, "geometry": "POINT(113 -66.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "AMD; TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES; Law Dome; Amd/Us; USAP-DC; LABORATORY; ICE CORE AIR BUBBLES; USA/NSF", "locations": "Law Dome", "north": -66.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Petrenko, Vasilii; Murray, Lee T; Buizert, Christo; Petrenko, Vasilii; Murray, Lee T", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing Carbon-14 of Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide from Law Dome, Antarctica to Constrain Long-Term Hydroxyl Radical Variability", "uid": "p0010341", "west": 112.0}, {"awards": "2019719 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "2022-23 Allan Hills Intermediate Ice Core Site Selection Field Report; 2022-23 (CXA1) flight based HDF5/matlab format data; 2022-23 (CXA1) transect based (science organized) unfocused data; 2023-24 (CXA2) flight based data HDF5/matlab format; 2023-24 (CXA2) transect based (science organized) unfocused data; COLDEX Raw MARFA Ice Penetrating Radar data; Replicate O-17-excess by continuous flow laser spectroscopy for an ice core section at Summit, Greenland", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200406", "doi": "10.18738/T8/FV6VNT", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "TDR", "science_program": null, "title": "2023-24 (CXA2) transect based (science organized) unfocused data", "url": "https://dataverse.tdl.org/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.18738/T8/FV6VNT"}, {"dataset_uid": "200403", "doi": "https://doi.org/10.18738/T8/J38CO5", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "OPR", "science_program": null, "title": "2022-23 (CXA1) flight based HDF5/matlab format data", "url": "https://data.cresis.ku.edu/data/rds/2022_Antarctica_BaslerMKB/"}, {"dataset_uid": "200404", "doi": "10.18738/T8/J38CO5", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "OPR", "science_program": null, "title": "2023-24 (CXA2) flight based data HDF5/matlab format", "url": "https://data.cresis.ku.edu/data/rds/2023_Antarctica_BaslerMKB/"}, {"dataset_uid": "601659", "doi": "10.15784/601659", "keywords": "Antarctica; Continuous Flow; Glaciology; Greenland; Ice Core Data; Laser Spectroscopy; Oxygen Isotope; Triple Oxygen Isotopes", "people": "Davidge, Lindsey", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Hercules Dome Ice Core", "title": "Replicate O-17-excess by continuous flow laser spectroscopy for an ice core section at Summit, Greenland", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601659"}, {"dataset_uid": "200405", "doi": "10.18738/T8/XPMLCC", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "TDR", "science_program": null, "title": "2022-23 (CXA1) transect based (science organized) unfocused data", "url": "https://dataverse.tdl.org/dataset.xhtml?persistentId=doi:10.18738/T8/XPMLCC"}, {"dataset_uid": "601768", "doi": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; East Antarctic Plateau", "people": "Young, Duncan A.; Blankenship, Donald D.; Greenbaum, Jamin; Kerr, Megan; Buhl, Dillon; Ng, Gregory; Kempf, Scott D.; Chan, Kristian", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "COLDEX Raw MARFA Ice Penetrating Radar data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601768"}, {"dataset_uid": "601697", "doi": "10.15784/601697", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Apres; Ice Core; Ice Penetrating Radar; Temperature Profiles", "people": "Brook, Edward; Conway, Howard", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "COLDEX", "title": "2022-23 Allan Hills Intermediate Ice Core Site Selection Field Report", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601697"}], "date_created": "Sat, 21 May 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Cores drilled through the Antarctic ice sheet provide a remarkable window on the evolution of Earth\u2019s climate and unique samples of the ancient atmosphere. The clear link between greenhouse gases and climate revealed by ice cores underpins much of the scientific understanding of climate change. Unfortunately, the existing data do not extend far enough back in time to reveal key features of climates warmer than today. COLDEX, the Center for Oldest Ice Exploration, will solve this problem by exploring Antarctica for sites to collect the oldest possible record of past climate recorded in the ice sheet. COLDEX will provide critical information for understanding how Earth\u2019s near-future climate may evolve and why climate varies over geologic time. New technologies will be developed for exploration and analysis that will have a long legacy for future research. An archive of old ice will stimulate new research for the next generations of polar scientists. COLDEX programs will galvanize that next generation of polar researchers, bring new results to other scientific disciplines and the public, and help to create a more inclusive and diverse scientific community.\r\n\r\nKnowledge of Earth\u2019s climate history is grounded in the geologic record. This knowledge is gained by measuring chemical, biological and physical properties of geologic materials that reflect elements of climate. Ice cores retrieved from polar ice sheets play a central role in this science and provide the best evidence for a strong link between atmospheric carbon dioxide and climate on geologic timescales. The goal of COLDEX is to extend the ice-core record of past climate to at least 1.5 million years by drilling and analyzing a continuous ice core in East Antarctica, and to much older times using discontinuous ice sections at the base and margin of the ice sheet. COLDEX will develop and deploy novel radar and melt-probe tools to rapidly explore the ice, use ice-sheet models to constrain where old ice is preserved, conduct ice coring, develop new analytical systems, and produce novel paleoclimate records from locations across East Antarctica. The search for Earth\u2019s oldest ice also provides a compelling narrative for disseminating information about past and future climate change and polar science to students, teachers, the media, policy makers and the public. COLDEX will engage and incorporate these groups through targeted professional development workshops, undergraduate research experiences, a comprehensive communication program, annual scientific meetings, scholarships, and broad collaboration nationally and internationally. COLDEX will provide a focal point for efforts to increase diversity in polar science by providing field, laboratory, mentoring and networking experiences for students and early career scientists from groups underrepresented in STEM, and by continuous engagement of the entire COLDEX community in developing a more inclusive scientific culture.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USA/NSF; AMD; Antarctica; Amd/Us; Coldex; USAP-DC; FIELD SURVEYS; ICE DEPTH/THICKNESS", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Polar Special Initiatives; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Neff, P.; Brook, Edward J.", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "TDR", "repositories": "OPR; TDR; USAP-DC", "science_programs": "COLDEX", "south": -90.0, "title": "Center for Oldest Ice Exploration", "uid": "p0010321", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1445205 Putkonen, Jaakko", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((157.6 -83.2,157.62 -83.2,157.64 -83.2,157.66 -83.2,157.68 -83.2,157.7 -83.2,157.72 -83.2,157.74 -83.2,157.76 -83.2,157.78 -83.2,157.8 -83.2,157.8 -83.21,157.8 -83.22,157.8 -83.23,157.8 -83.24,157.8 -83.25,157.8 -83.26,157.8 -83.27,157.8 -83.28,157.8 -83.29,157.8 -83.3,157.78 -83.3,157.76 -83.3,157.74 -83.3,157.72 -83.3,157.7 -83.3,157.68 -83.3,157.66 -83.3,157.64 -83.3,157.62 -83.3,157.6 -83.3,157.6 -83.29,157.6 -83.28,157.6 -83.27,157.6 -83.26,157.6 -83.25,157.6 -83.24,157.6 -83.23,157.6 -83.22,157.6 -83.21,157.6 -83.2))", "dataset_titles": "Cosmogenic-Nuclide data at ICE-D; Old Ice, Ong Valley, Transantarctic Mountains", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200295", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "ICE-D", "science_program": null, "title": "Cosmogenic-Nuclide data at ICE-D", "url": "https://version2.ice-d.org/antarctica/nsf/"}, {"dataset_uid": "601665", "doi": "10.15784/601665", "keywords": "Antarctica; Buried Ice; Cosmogenic Isotopes; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Old Ice; Ong Valley", "people": "Putkonen, Jaakko; Bergelin, Marie", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Old Ice, Ong Valley, Transantarctic Mountains", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601665"}], "date_created": "Fri, 16 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Finding the oldest ice on Earth can tell us about the climate and life forms in the distant past\r\n\r\nRecently we discovered a mile wide and hundreds of feet thick ice body in Antarctica that is buried under just a few feet of dirt. Thus far our analyses of the dirt suggest that the ice is over million years old. Generally, glacial ice contains tiny bubbles and dirt that was deposited and locked in the ice by the ancient snowfall and today still holds small samples of the atmospheric gases and everything else that was carried by the winds in the past. Such samples may include the amount of greenhouse gases, plant pollen, microbes, and mineral dust. Therefore the glaciers are like archives where we can access and study the Earth\u2019s history with samples that are unavailable anywhere else. Ice survives poorly on Earth\u2019s surface and therefore currently only few ice samples are known that are approximately million years old. Our site has a high potential to harbor perhaps the oldest ice on Earth. However, first we need to sample and date the ice. Our research will also help us understand how these pockets of buried ice can survive such unusually long periods of time. Such understanding will help us study the landforms and history of not only Antarctica but also the Mars where similar dirt covered glaciers are found today.\r\n\r\nWe propose to collect regolith samples through the approximately 1 m thick cover and to core the buried ice in Ong Valley down to 10 m depth to determine the cosmogenic nuclide concentrations both in the regolith and in the embedded mineral matter suspended in the ice. The systematics of the target cosmogenic nuclides (10Be, 26Al, and 21Ne) such as half-lives, isotope production rates, production pathways, and related attenuation lengths allow us to uniquely determine the age of the ice and the rate the ice is sublimating. Our existing samples and analyses reveal accumulation of mineral matter at the base of surficial debris layer and the surface erosion of this debris by eolian processes. The intellectual merit of the proposed activity: Our main objective is to unequivocally determine the age and sublimation rate of two buried massive ice bodies in time scale of thousands to millions of years. The slow sublimation is a fundamentally Antarctic process, and may have altered most of the currently ice-free areas throughout the continent. Similar large, debris covered ice bodies have been recently discovered in Mars as well. Our results may transform the understanding of the longevity of the buried ice bodies and potentially reveal the oldest ice ever found in the interior of the Antarctica. If proven old and slowly sublimating, this buried ice can potentially yield direct information about the atmospheric chemistry, ancient life forms, and geology of greater antiquity than the currently available and sampled ice bodies. The broader impacts resulting from the proposed activity: The results will be relevant to researchers in glaciology, paleoclimatology, planetary geology, and biology. Several students will participate in the project and do field work in Antarctica, work in lab, attend meetings, attend outreach activities, and produce videos. A graduate student will prepare his/her thesis on a topic closely related to the objectives of the proposed research. The results of the research will be published in scientific meetings and publications.\r\n", "east": 157.8, "geometry": "POINT(157.7 -83.25)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; USA/NSF; FIELD SURVEYS; Transantarctic Mountains; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS; AMD; Amd/Us", "locations": "Transantarctic Mountains", "north": -83.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "putkonen, jaakko; Balco, Gregory; Morgan, Daniel", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "ICE-D", "repositories": "ICE-D; USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -83.3, "title": "Collaborative Research: Long Term Sublimation/Preservation of Two Separate, Buried Glacier Ice Masses, Ong Valley, Southern Transantarctic Mountains", "uid": "p0010231", "west": 157.6}, {"awards": "1341494 Gao, Yuan", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(-64.05 -64.77)", "dataset_titles": "Concentrations and Particle Size Distributions of Aerosol Trace Elements; Particle sizes of aerosol iron", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601257", "doi": "10.15784/601257", "keywords": "Aerosol Concentration; Antarctica; Chemistry:gas; Chemistry:Gas; Iron; Palmer Station; Particle Size", "people": "Gao, Yuan", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Particle sizes of aerosol iron", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601257"}, {"dataset_uid": "601370", "doi": "10.15784/601370", "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Palmer Station; Trace Elements", "people": "Gao, Yuan", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Concentrations and Particle Size Distributions of Aerosol Trace Elements", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601370"}], "date_created": "Thu, 20 Feb 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The research seeks to further quantify the input of atmospheric Fe into the sparsely sampled Southern Ocean (SO), specifically in the vicinity of the West Antarctic Peninsula (WAP) and adjacent continental shelf waters in the Drake Passage. This is typically a high nutrient low chlorophyll region where surface trace metal and primary productivity data are suggestive of Fe limitation. The WAP is characterized by high productivity in the austral summer, and at this time may be in the path of northern dust (aeolian Fe) input or subject to melt influx of elevated Fe accumulated from glacial and present-day sea ice sources.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003ePrimary scientific questions are: (1) to what extent does atmospheric Fe contribute to nutrient cycles and ecosystem dynamics in the SO? (2) How is warming climate occurring in the WAP affecting the aerosol composition of the maritime atmosphere. The primary productivity of the Southern Ocean is key to understanding oceanic uptake of anthropogenic greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide.", "east": -64.05, "geometry": "POINT(-64.05 -64.77)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Aerosol Concentration; TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES; Particle Size; Palmer Station; FIELD INVESTIGATION; Trace Elements; Iron; AEROSOL OPTICAL DEPTH/THICKNESS; USAP-DC", "locations": "Palmer Station", "north": -64.77, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Gao, Yuan", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.77, "title": "Quantifying Atmospheric Iron Properties over West Antarctic Peninsula", "uid": "p0010082", "west": -64.05}, {"awards": "1443550 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))", "dataset_titles": "Polar Ice Cores 3,000 Year Nitrous Oxide d15N and d18O Data; SPICEcore Holocene CO2 and N2O data", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601197", "doi": "10.15784/601197", "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon Dioxide; Ice Core Gas Records; Nitrous Oxide; South Pole; SPICEcore", "people": "Brook, Edward J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "SPICEcore Holocene CO2 and N2O data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601197"}, {"dataset_uid": "200055", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NCEI", "science_program": null, "title": "Polar Ice Cores 3,000 Year Nitrous Oxide d15N and d18O Data", "url": "https://www.ncdc.noaa.gov/paleo-search/study/25530"}], "date_created": "Tue, 06 Aug 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The temperature of the earth is controlled, in part, by heat trapping gases that include carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxide. Despite their importance to climate, direct measurements of these gases in the atmosphere are limited to the last 50 years at best. Air trapped in ice cores extends those data back hundreds of millennia, and measurements of greenhouse gases in ice cores underpin much of our understanding of global chemical cycles relevant to modern climate change. Existing records vary in quality and detail. The proposed work fills gaps in our knowledge of nitrous oxide and carbon dioxide over the last 10,000 years. New measurements from an ice core from the South Pole will be used to determine what role changes in ocean and land based processes played in controlling these gases, which decreased during the first 2,000 years of this time period, then gradually increased toward the present. The work will address a major controversy over whether early human activities could have impacted the atmosphere, and provide data to improve mathematical models of the land-ocean-atmosphere system that predict how future climate change will impact the composition of the atmosphere and climate. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eFor nitrous oxide the work will improve on existing concentration records It will also develop measurement of the isotopomers of nitrous oxide and explore their utility for understanding aspects of the Holocene nitrous oxide budget. The primary goal is to determine if marine and/or terrestrial emissions of nitrous oxide change in response to changes in Holocene climate. A new Holocene isotopic record for carbon dioxide (stable carbon and oxygen isotopes), will improve the precision of existing records by a factor 5 and increase the temporal resolution. These data will be used to evaluate controversial hypotheses about why carbon dioxide concentrations changed in the Holocene and provide insight into millennial scale processes in the carbon cycle, which are not resolved by current isotopic data. A graduate student and post doc will receive advanced training during and the student and principle investigator will conduct outreach efforts targeted at local middle school students. The proposed work will also contribute to teaching efforts by the PI and to public lectures on climate and climate change. The results will be disseminated through publications, data archive, and the OSU Ice Core Lab web site. New analytical methods of wide utility will also be developed and documented.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": "NOT APPLICABLE \u003e NOT APPLICABLE \u003e NOT APPLICABLE", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Antarctica; ICE CORE RECORDS; CARBON DIOXIDE; NOT APPLICABLE; USAP-DC; TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES; NITROUS OXIDE", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Brook, Edward J.", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e NOT APPLICABLE \u003e NOT APPLICABLE", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "NCEI; USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "Controls on Variations in Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Nitrous Oxide During the Last 10,000 years", "uid": "p0010043", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1443306 Mayewski, Paul; 1443263 Higgins, John", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Carbon dioxide concentration and its stable carbon isotope composition in Allan Hills ice cores; Elemental and isotopic composition of heavy noble gases in Allan Hills ice cores; Elemental and isotopic composition of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in Allan Hills ice cores; Greenhouse gas composition in the Allan Hills S27 ice core; Methane concentration in Allan Hills ice cores; Stable isotope composition of the trapped air in the Allan Hills S27 ice core; Stable water isotope data for the AH-1502 ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area; Stable water isotope data for the AH-1503 ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area; Stable water isotope data for the surface samples collected at the Allan Hills Blue ice area", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601203", "doi": "10.15784/601203", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Allan Hills Project; Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Gas Chromatography; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Greenhouse Gas; Ice; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Gas Records; Methane; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "people": "Bender, Michael; Brook, Edward J.; Higgins, John; Yan, Yuzhen", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Methane concentration in Allan Hills ice cores", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601203"}, {"dataset_uid": "601425", "doi": "10.15784/601425", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Blue Ice; Carbon Dioxide; Ice Core; Methane", "people": "Yan, Yuzhen; Brook, Edward J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Greenhouse gas composition in the Allan Hills S27 ice core", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601425"}, {"dataset_uid": "601130", "doi": "10.15784/601130", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Allan Hills Project; Antarctica; Blue Ice; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Delta 18O; Delta Deuterium; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Gas Records; Ice Core Records; Oxygen; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Stable Water Isotopes; Transantarctic Mountains", "people": "Mayewski, Paul A.; Yan, Yuzhen; Introne, Douglas; Kurbatov, Andrei V.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Stable water isotope data for the surface samples collected at the Allan Hills Blue ice area", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601130"}, {"dataset_uid": "601512", "doi": "10.15784/601512", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Blue Ice; Ice Core; Ice Core Gas Records; Isotope; Nitrogen; Oxygen", "people": "Yan, Yuzhen; Higgins, John; Bender, Michael", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Stable isotope composition of the trapped air in the Allan Hills S27 ice core", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601512"}, {"dataset_uid": "601483", "doi": "10.15784/601483", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Argon; Ice; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Gas Records; Isotope; Mass Spectrometry; Nitrogen; Oxygen", "people": "Yan, Yuzhen; Higgins, John; Bender, Michael", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Elemental and isotopic composition of nitrogen, oxygen, and argon in Allan Hills ice cores", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601483"}, {"dataset_uid": "601201", "doi": "10.15784/601201", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Allan Hills Project; Antarctica; Argon; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Gas Records; Krypton; Mass Spectrometer; Noble Gas; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Xenon", "people": "Higgins, John; Ng, Jessica; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Yan, Yuzhen; Bender, Michael", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Elemental and isotopic composition of heavy noble gases in Allan Hills ice cores", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601201"}, {"dataset_uid": "601202", "doi": "10.15784/601202", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Allan Hills Project; Antarctica; Carbon Dioxide; Carbon Isotopes; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; CO2; Gas Chromatography; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Gas Records; Ice Core Records; Mass Spectrometer; Mass Spectrometry; Methane; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "people": "Brook, Edward J.; Higgins, John; Bender, Michael; Yan, Yuzhen", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Carbon dioxide concentration and its stable carbon isotope composition in Allan Hills ice cores", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601202"}, {"dataset_uid": "601128", "doi": "10.15784/601128", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Blue Ice; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Delta 18O; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Isotope Record; Mass Spectrometry; Stable Water Isotopes", "people": "Introne, Douglas; Yan, Yuzhen; Mayewski, Paul A.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Stable water isotope data for the AH-1503 ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601128"}, {"dataset_uid": "601129", "doi": "10.15784/601129", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Allan Hills Project; Antarctica; Blue Ice; Delta 18O; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Chemistry; Ice Core Records; Isotope Data; Oxygen; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; Stable Water Isotopes; Transantarctic Mountains", "people": "Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Introne, Douglas; Yan, Yuzhen; Mayewski, Paul A.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Stable water isotope data for the AH-1502 ice core drilled at the Allan Hills Blue ice area", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601129"}], "date_created": "Thu, 18 Oct 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Bubbles of ancient air trapped in ice cores permit the direct reconstruction of atmospheric composition and allow us to link greenhouse gases and global climate over the last 800,000 years. Previous field expeditions to the Allan Hills blue ice area, Antarctica, have recovered ice cores that date to one million years, the oldest ice cores yet recovered from Antarctica. These records have revealed that interglacial CO2 concentrations decreased by 800,000 years ago and that, in the warmer world 1 million years ago, CO2 and Antarctic temperature were linked as during the last 800,000 years. This project will return to the Allan Hills blue ice area to recover additional ice cores that date to 1 million years or older. The climate records developed from the drilled ice cores will provide new insights into the chemical composition of the atmosphere and Antarctic climate during times of comparable or even greater warmth than the present day. Our results will help answer questions about issues associated with anthropogenic change. These include the relationship between temperature change and the mass balance of Antarctic ice; precipitation and aridity variations associated with radiatively forced climate change; and the climate significance of sea ice extent. The project will entrain two graduate students and a postdoctoral scholar, and will conduct outreach including workshops to engage teachers in carbon science and ice cores.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eBetween about 2.8-0.9 million years ago, Earth\u0027s climate was characterized by 40,000-year cycles, driven or paced by changes in the tilt of Earth\u0027s spin axis. Much is known about the \"40,000-year\" world from studies of deep-sea sediments, but our understanding of climate change during this period is incomplete because we lack records of Antarctic climate and direct records of atmospheric greenhouse gas concentrations. We propose to address these issues by building on our recent studies of ancient ice from the Main Ice Field, Allan Hills, Antarctica. During previous field seasons we recovered ice extending, discontinuously, from 0.1-1.0 million years old. Ice was dated by measuring the 40Ar/38Ar (Argon) ratio of the trapped gases. Our discovery of million year-old ice demonstrates that there is gas-record-quality ice from the 40,000-year world in the Allan Hills Main Ice Field. We have identified two different sites, each overlying bedrock at ~ 200 m depth, that are attractive targets for coring ice dating to 1 million years and older. This project aims to core the ice at these two sites, re-occupy a previous site with million year-old ice and drill it down to the bedrock, and generate 10-20 short (~10-meter) cores in areas where our previous work and terrestrial meteorite ages suggest ancient surface ice. We plan to date the ice using the 40Ar/38Ar ages of trapped Argon. We also plan to characterize the continuity of our cores by measuring the deuterium and oxygen isotope ratios in the ice, methane, ratios of Oxygen and Argon to Nitrogen in trapped gas, the Nitrogen-15 isotope (d15N) of Nitrogen, and the Oxygen-18 isotope (d18O) of Oxygen. As the ice may be stratigraphically disturbed, these measurements will provide diagnostic properties for assessing the continuity of the ice-core records. Successful retrieval of ice older than one million years will provide the opportunity for follow-up work to measure the CO2 concentration and other properties within the ice to inform on the temperature history of the Allan Hills region, dust sources and source-area aridity, moisture sources, densification conditions, global average ocean temperature, and greenhouse gas concentrations. We will analyze the data in the context of leading hypotheses of the 40,000-year world and the Mid-Pleistocene Transition to the 100,000-year world. We expect to advance understanding of climate dynamics during these periods.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CORERS \u003e CORING DEVICES", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Amd/Us; AMD; Allan Hills; USA/NSF; FIELD INVESTIGATION; USAP-DC; Ice Core; LABORATORY", "locations": "Allan Hills", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Mayewski, Paul A.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Higgins, John; Bender, Michael", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION; OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": null, "title": "Collaborative Research: Window into the World with 40,000-year Glacial Cycles from Climate Records in Million Year-old Ice from the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area", "uid": "p0000760", "west": null}, {"awards": "0944348 Taylor, Kendrick; 0944266 Twickler, Mark", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)", "dataset_titles": "Summary of Results from the WAIS Divide Ice Core Project; WAIS Divide WDC06A Core Quality Versus Depth", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601021", "doi": "10.15784/601021", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Taylor, Kendrick C.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "Summary of Results from the WAIS Divide Ice Core Project", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601021"}, {"dataset_uid": "601030", "doi": "10.15784/601030", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Souney, Joseph Jr.; Twickler, Mark; Taylor, Kendrick C.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "WAIS Divide WDC06A Core Quality Versus Depth", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601030"}], "date_created": "Fri, 09 Jun 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Taylor/0944348\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award supports renewal of funding of the WAIS Divide Science Coordination Office (SCO). The Science Coordination Office (SCO) was established to represent the research community and facilitates the project by working with support organizations responsible for logistics, drilling, and core curation. During the last five years, 26 projects have been individually funded to work on this effort and 1,511 m of the total 3,470 m of ice at the site has been collected. This proposal seeks funding to continue the SCO and related field operations needed to complete the WAIS Divide ice core project. Tasks for the SCO during the second five years include planning and oversight of logistics, drilling, and core curation; coordinating research activities in the field; assisting in curation of the core in the field; allocating samples to individual projects; coordinating the sampling effort; collecting, archiving, and distributing data and other information about the project; hosting an annual science meeting; and facilitating collaborative efforts among the research groups. The intellectual merit of the WAIS Divide project is to better predict how human-caused increases in greenhouse gases will alter climate requires an improved understanding of how previous natural changes in greenhouse gases influenced climate in the past. Information on previous climate changes is used to validate the physics and results of climate models that are used to predict future climate. Antarctic ice cores are the only source of samples of the paleo-atmosphere that can be used to determine previous concentrations of carbon dioxide. Ice cores also contain records of other components of the climate system such as the paleo air and ocean temperature, atmospheric loading of aerosols, and indicators of atmospheric transport. The WAIS Divide ice core project has been designed to obtain the best possible record of greenhouse gases during the last glacial cycle (last ~100,000 years). The site was selected because it has the best balance of high annual snowfall (23 cm of ice equivalent/year), low dust Antarctic ice that does not compromise the carbon dioxide record, and favorable glaciology. The main science objectives of the project are to investigate climate forcing by greenhouse gases, initiation of climate changes, stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet, and cryobiology in the ice core. The project has numerous broader impacts. An established provider of educational material (Teachers? Domain) will develop and distribute web-based resources related to the project and climate change for use in K?12 classrooms. These resources will consist of video and interactive graphics that explain how and why ice cores are collected, and what they tell us about future climate change. Members of the national media will be included in the field team and the SCO will assist in presenting information to the general public. Video of the project will be collected and made available for general use. Finally, an opportunity will be created for cryosphere students and early career scientists to participate in field activities and core analysis. An ice core archive will be available for future projects and scientific discoveries from the project can be used by policy makers to make informed decisions.", "east": -112.1115, "geometry": "POINT(-112.1115 -79.481)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Not provided", "locations": null, "north": -79.481, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Mark, Twickler; Taylor, Kendrick C.", "platforms": "Not provided", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.481, "title": "Collaborative Research: Climate, Ice Dynamics and Biology using a Deep Ice Core from the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Ice Divide", "uid": "p0000080", "west": -112.1115}, {"awards": "0944191 Taylor, Kendrick; 0944197 Waddington, Edwin", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -79,-173.3 -79,-166.6 -79,-159.9 -79,-153.2 -79,-146.5 -79,-139.8 -79,-133.1 -79,-126.4 -79,-119.7 -79,-113 -79,-113 -79.1,-113 -79.2,-113 -79.3,-113 -79.4,-113 -79.5,-113 -79.6,-113 -79.7,-113 -79.8,-113 -79.9,-113 -80,-119.7 -80,-126.4 -80,-133.1 -80,-139.8 -80,-146.5 -80,-153.2 -80,-159.9 -80,-166.6 -80,-173.3 -80,180 -80,150.9 -80,121.8 -80,92.7 -80,63.6 -80,34.5 -80,5.4 -80,-23.7 -80,-52.8 -80,-81.9 -80,-111 -80,-111 -79.9,-111 -79.8,-111 -79.7,-111 -79.6,-111 -79.5,-111 -79.4,-111 -79.3,-111 -79.2,-111 -79.1,-111 -79,-81.9 -79,-52.8 -79,-23.7 -79,5.4 -79,34.5 -79,63.6 -79,92.7 -79,121.8 -79,150.9 -79,-180 -79))", "dataset_titles": "Accumulation Rates from the WAIS Divide Ice Core; WAIS Divide Ice Core Electrical Conductance Measurements, Antarctica; WAIS Divide Multi Track Electrical Measurements; WD2014: Timescale for WAIS Divide Core 2006 A (WDC-06A)", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601172", "doi": "10.15784/601172", "keywords": "Antarctic; Antarctica; Electrical Conductivity; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Records; Physical Properties; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core; Wais Project; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "people": "Fudge, T. J.; Taylor, Kendrick C.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "WAIS Divide Multi Track Electrical Measurements", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601172"}, {"dataset_uid": "601004", "doi": "10.15784/601004", "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Snow Accumulation; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Conway, Howard; Buizert, Christo; Waddington, Edwin D.; Fudge, T. J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "Accumulation Rates from the WAIS Divide Ice Core", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601004"}, {"dataset_uid": "609591", "doi": "10.7265/N5B56GPJ", "keywords": "Antarctica; Electrical Conductivity; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Physical Properties; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Fudge, T. J.; Taylor, Kendrick C.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "WAIS Divide Ice Core Electrical Conductance Measurements, Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609591"}, {"dataset_uid": "601015", "doi": "10.15784/601015", "keywords": "Antarctica; Depth-Age-Model; Geochronology; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Fudge, T. J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "WD2014: Timescale for WAIS Divide Core 2006 A (WDC-06A)", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601015"}], "date_created": "Tue, 25 Apr 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to help to establish the depth-age chronology and the histories of accumulation and ice dynamics for the WAIS Divide ice core. The depth-age relationship and the histories of accumulation and ice dynamics are coupled. An accurate age scale is needed to infer histories of accumulation rate and ice-thickness change using ice-flow models. In turn, the accumulation-rate history is needed to calculate the age difference of ice to determine the age of the trapped gases. The accumulation history is also needed to calculate atmospheric concentrations of impurities trapped in the ice and is an important characteristic of climate. The history of ice-thickness change is also fundamental to understanding the stability of the WAIS. The primary goals of the WAIS Divide ice core project are to investigate climate forcing by greenhouse gases, the initiation of climate changes, and the stability of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS). An accurate age scale is fundamental for achieving these goals. The first objective of this project is to establish an annually resolved depth-age relationship for the past 40,000 years. This will be done by measuring variations in electrical conductivity along the ice core, which are caused by seasonal variations in chemistry. We expect to be able to resolve annual layers back to 40,000 years before present (3,000 m depth) using this method. The second objective is to search for stratigraphic disturbances in the core that would compromise the paleoclimate record. Irregular layering will be identified by measuring the electrical conductivity of the ice in a vertical plan through the core. The third objective is to derive a preliminary chronology for the entire core. For the deeper ice we will use an ice-flow model to interpolate between known age markers, such as dated volcanic horizons and tie points from the methane gas chronology. The fourth objective is to derive a refined chronology simultaneously with histories of accumulation and ice-sheet thickness. An ice-flow model and all available data will be used to formulate an inverse problem, in which we infer the most appropriate histories of accumulation and ice-thickness, together with estimates of uncertainties. The flow model associated with those preferred histories then produces the best estimate of the chronology. The research contributes directly to the primary goals of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet Initiative. The project will help develop the next generation of scientists through the education and training of one Ph.D. student and several undergraduate students. This project will result in instrumentation for measuring the electrical conductivity of ice cores being available at the National Ice Core Lab for other researchers to use on other projects. All collaborators are committed to fostering diversity and currently participate in scientific outreach and most participate in undergraduate education. Outreach will be accomplished through regularly scheduled community and K-12 outreach events at UW, talks and popular writing by the PIs, as well as through our respective press offices.", "east": -111.0, "geometry": "POINT(-112 -79.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Ice Core Depth; National Ice Core Lab; Electrical Conductivity; FIELD INVESTIGATION; Not provided", "locations": null, "north": -79.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Conway, Howard; Fudge, T. J.; Taylor, Kendrick C.; Waddington, Edwin D.", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION; Not provided", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -80.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Establishing the Chronology and Histories of Accumulation and Ice Dynamics for the WAIS Divide Core", "uid": "p0000026", "west": -113.0}, {"awards": "1141890 Huber, Bruce", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-62.176502 -57.913998,-61.4764715 -57.913998,-60.776441 -57.913998,-60.0764105 -57.913998,-59.37638 -57.913998,-58.6763495 -57.913998,-57.976319 -57.913998,-57.2762885 -57.913998,-56.576258 -57.913998,-55.8762275 -57.913998,-55.176197 -57.913998,-55.176197 -58.6469082,-55.176197 -59.3798184,-55.176197 -60.1127286,-55.176197 -60.8456388,-55.176197 -61.578549,-55.176197 -62.3114592,-55.176197 -63.0443694,-55.176197 -63.7772796,-55.176197 -64.5101898,-55.176197 -65.2431,-55.8762275 -65.2431,-56.576258 -65.2431,-57.2762885 -65.2431,-57.976319 -65.2431,-58.6763495 -65.2431,-59.37638 -65.2431,-60.0764105 -65.2431,-60.776441 -65.2431,-61.4764715 -65.2431,-62.176502 -65.2431,-62.176502 -64.5101898,-62.176502 -63.7772796,-62.176502 -63.0443694,-62.176502 -62.3114592,-62.176502 -61.578549,-62.176502 -60.8456388,-62.176502 -60.1127286,-62.176502 -59.3798184,-62.176502 -58.6469082,-62.176502 -57.913998))", "dataset_titles": "Expedition Data of NBP1203; Processed CTD Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf near Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203; Processed ship-based LADCP Sonar Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf near Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601347", "doi": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Current Measurements; LADCP; LARISSA; Larsen Ice Shelf; NBP1203; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer", "people": "Gordon, Arnold; Huber, Bruce", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Processed ship-based LADCP Sonar Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf near Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601347"}, {"dataset_uid": "001438", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "Expedition Data of NBP1203", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/NBP1203"}, {"dataset_uid": "601348", "doi": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; CTD; CTD Data; LARISSA; Larsen Ice Shelf; NBP1203; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Salinity; Temperature", "people": "Gordon, Arnold; Huber, Bruce", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Processed CTD Data from the Larsen Ice Shelf near Antarctica acquired during the Nathaniel B. Palmer expedition NBP1203", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601348"}], "date_created": "Wed, 17 Jun 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Time series data, from ocean moorings, on key aspects of evolving ocean properties are of considerable importance in assessing the condition of the ocean system. They are needed, for example, their understand how the oceans are warming, and how they continue to uptake greenhouse gases such as CO2. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe Cape Adare Long Term Mooring (CALM) program goal was to observe the bottom water export from the Ross Sea to the deep ocean. To accomplish this two instrumented moorings were set on the continental slope off Cape Adare (western Ross Sea, Antarctica), positioned to capture the export of Antarctic Bottom Water (AABW), some of the coldest and densest water found in the global ocean. Data records for the moorings spans over some four years in this very remote part of the ocean. The CALM analysis will address some specific objectives:\u003cbr/\u003e? Characterize the temperature, salinity and current variability associated with the Ross Sea AABW export.\u003cbr/\u003e? Examine the linkages between observed variability to regional tides, atmosphere and sea ice forcing.\u003cbr/\u003e? Relate the Ross Sea AABW export fluctuations to the larger scale climate system dynamics, such as ENSO and SAM, and to AABW formation along other margins of Antarctica, e.g. the Weddell Sea", "east": -55.176197, "geometry": "POINT(-58.6763495 -61.578549)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e PROFILERS/SOUNDERS \u003e CTD; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CHEMICAL METERS/ANALYZERS \u003e FLUOROMETERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e RECORDERS/LOGGERS \u003e AWS; EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS \u003e PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING \u003e POSITIONING/NAVIGATION \u003e GPS \u003e GPS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e PROFILERS/SOUNDERS \u003e XBT; EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS \u003e ACTIVE REMOTE SENSING \u003e PROFILERS/SOUNDERS \u003e ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS \u003e ECHO SOUNDERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e PROFILERS/SOUNDERS \u003e ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS \u003e ADCP; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e PROFILERS/SOUNDERS \u003e ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS \u003e MBES; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e PROFILERS/SOUNDERS \u003e THERMOSALINOGRAPHS", "is_usap_dc": false, "keywords": "R/V NBP", "locations": null, "north": -57.913998, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Huber, Bruce; Vernet, Maria", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e R/V NBP", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "R2R; USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -65.2431, "title": "Cape Adare Long Term Moorings (CALM): Analysis Phase", "uid": "p0000495", "west": -62.176502}, {"awards": "0839066 Cole-Dai, Jihong", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Major Ion Chemistry Data of WAIS Divide Ice Core Brittle Ice", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "609546", "doi": "10.7265/N5RF5S0D", "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Ion Chromatograph; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Cole-Dai, Jihong", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "Major Ion Chemistry Data of WAIS Divide Ice Core Brittle Ice", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609546"}], "date_created": "Wed, 19 Mar 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Cole-Dai/0839066\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award is funded under the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act of 2009 (Public Law 111-5).\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award supports a project to make continuous major ion analyses in the West Antarctica Ice Sheet Divide (WAIS Divide) ice core by sampling the brittle ice zone (approximately from 500 m to 1500 m). The intellectual merit of the project is that these will likely be the only chemical measurements on the brittle ice zone and, therefore, will bridge the gap in the expected continuous records of climate, ice sheet dynamics and biological evolution based on chemical measurements. High resolution sampling and analysis, probably on selected portions and depth intervals in the brittle ice zone, will help with the independent, high-precision dating of the WAIS Divide core and contribute to the achievement of the major objectives of the WAIS Divide project?development of high resolution climate records with which to investigate issues of climate forcing by greenhouse gases and the role of Antarctica and Southern Hemisphere in the global climate system. Planned collaboration with other WAIS Divide investigators will develop the longest and most detailed volcanic record from Antarctica ice cores. The broader impacts of this project include a contribution to enhancing our knowledge of the climate system. Such improvements in understanding of the global climate system and the ability to predict the magnitude and uncertainty of future changes are highly relevant to the global community. The project will support post-doctoral scientists and graduate students, including those from under-represented groups, will contribute to education, an help to train future scientists and promote diversity in research and education. Public outreach activities of this project will contribute to informal science education of school age children in the Eastern South Dakota region.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CHEMICAL METERS/ANALYZERS \u003e ION CHROMATOGRAPHS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Paleoclimate; LABORATORY; Ions; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; WAISCORES; Ion Chromatograph; Not provided; Ice Core", "locations": null, "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": "NOT APPLICABLE", "persons": "Cole-Dai, Jihong", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; Not provided; OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": null, "title": "Major Ion Chemical Analysis of Brittle Ice in the WAIS Divide Ice Core", "uid": "p0000047", "west": null}, {"awards": "1142963 Warren, Stephen; 0739779 Warren, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((157 -76,158.1 -76,159.2 -76,160.3 -76,161.4 -76,162.5 -76,163.6 -76,164.7 -76,165.8 -76,166.9 -76,168 -76,168 -76.2,168 -76.4,168 -76.6,168 -76.8,168 -77,168 -77.2,168 -77.4,168 -77.6,168 -77.8,168 -78,166.9 -78,165.8 -78,164.7 -78,163.6 -78,162.5 -78,161.4 -78,160.3 -78,159.2 -78,158.1 -78,157 -78,157 -77.8,157 -77.6,157 -77.4,157 -77.2,157 -77,157 -76.8,157 -76.6,157 -76.4,157 -76.2,157 -76))", "dataset_titles": "Ice on the Oceans of Snowball Earth Project Data", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "000183", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "PI website", "science_program": null, "title": "Ice on the Oceans of Snowball Earth Project Data", "url": "https://digital.lib.washington.edu/researchworks/handle/1773/37320"}], "date_created": "Wed, 10 Jul 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The climatic changes of late Precambrian time, 600-800 million years ago, included episodes of extreme glaciation, during which ice may have covered nearly the entire ocean for several million years, according to the Snowball Earth hypothesis. These episodes would hold an important place in Earth?s evolutionary history; they could have encouraged biodiversity by trapping life forms in small isolated ice-free areas, or they could have caused massive extinctions that cleared the path for new life forms to fill empty niches. What caused the Earth to become iced over, and what later caused the ice to melt? Scientific investigation of these questions will result in greater understanding of the climatic changes that the Earth can experience, and will enable better predictions of future climate. This project involves Antarctic field observations as well as laboratory studies and computer modeling.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe aim of this project is not to prove or disprove the Snowball Earth hypothesis but rather to quantify processes that are important for simulating snowball events in climate models. The principal goal is to identify the types of ice that would have been present on the frozen ocean, and to determine how much sunlight they would reflect back to space. Reflection of sunlight by bright surfaces of snow and ice is what would maintain the cold climate at low latitudes. The melting of the ocean required buildup of greenhouse gases, but it was probably aided by deposition of desert dust and volcanic ash darkening the snow and ice. With so much ice on the Earth?s surface, even small differences in the amount of light that the ice absorbed or reflected could cause significant changes in climate. The properties of the ice would also determine where, and in what circumstances, photosynthetic life could have survived. Some kinds of ice that are rare on the modern Earth may have been pivotal in allowing the tropical ocean to freeze. The ocean surfaces would have included some ice types that now exist only in Antarctica: bare cold sea ice with precipitated salts, and \"blue ice\" areas of the Transantarctic Mountains that were exposed by sublimation and have not experienced melting. Field expeditions were mounted to examine these ice types, and the data analysis is underway. A third ice type, sea ice with a salt crust, is being studied in a freezer laboratory. Modeling will show how sunlight would interact with ice containing light-absorbing dust and volcanic ash. Aside from its reflection of sunlight, ice on the Snowball ocean would have been thick enough to flow under its own weight, invading all parts of the ocean. Yet evidence for the survival of photosynthetic life indicates that some regions of liquid water were maintained at the ocean surface. One possible refuge for photosynthetic organisms is a bay at the far end of a nearly enclosed tropical sea, formed by continental rifting and surrounded by desert, such as the modern Red Sea. A model of glacier flow is being developed to determine the dimensions of the channel, connecting the sea to the ocean, necessary to prevent invasion by the flowing ice yet maintain a water supply to replenish evaporation.", "east": 168.0, "geometry": "POINT(162.5 -77)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Not provided", "locations": null, "north": -76.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science; Antarctic Integrated System Science", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Warren, Stephen; Light, Bonnie; Campbell, Adam; Carns, Regina; Dadic, Ruzica; Mullen, Peter; Brandt, Richard; Waddington, Edwin D.", "platforms": "Not provided", "repo": "PI website", "repositories": "PI website", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Ocean Surfaces on Snowball Earth", "uid": "p0000402", "west": 157.0}, {"awards": "0636767 Dunbar, Nelia; 0636740 Kreutz, Karl", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(112.11666 -79.46666)", "dataset_titles": "Microparticle, Conductivity, and Density Measurements from the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core, Antarctica; Snowpit Chemistry - Methods Comparison, WAIS Divide, Antarctica; Snowpit evidence of the 2011 Puyehue-Cordon Caulle (Chile) eruption in West Antarctica; WAIS Divide Microparticle Concentration and Size Distribution, 0-2400 ka; WAIS Divide Snowpit Chemical and Isotope Measurements, Antarctica; WAIS Divide WDC06A Discrete ICP-MS Chemistry", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601023", "doi": "10.15784/601023", "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; ICP-MS; Isotope; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Kreutz, Karl", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "WAIS Divide WDC06A Discrete ICP-MS Chemistry", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601023"}, {"dataset_uid": "609499", "doi": "10.7265/N5K07264", "keywords": "Antarctica; Density; Electrical Conductivity; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Microparticle Concentration; Physical Properties; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Breton, Daniel; Koffman, Bess; Kreutz, Karl; Hamilton, Gordon S.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "Microparticle, Conductivity, and Density Measurements from the WAIS Divide Deep Ice Core, Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609499"}, {"dataset_uid": "609620", "doi": "10.7265/N5Q81B1X", "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Trace Elements; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Kreutz, Karl; Koffman, Bess", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "Snowpit Chemistry - Methods Comparison, WAIS Divide, Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609620"}, {"dataset_uid": "601036", "doi": "10.15784/601036", "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Geochronology; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Intracontinental Magmatism; IntraContinental Magmatism; Snow Pit; Tephra; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Kreutz, Karl; Koffman, Bess", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "Snowpit evidence of the 2011 Puyehue-Cordon Caulle (Chile) eruption in West Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601036"}, {"dataset_uid": "609506", "doi": "10.7265/N5SJ1HHN", "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Isotope; Microparticle Concentration; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Kreutz, Karl; Koffman, Bess", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "WAIS Divide Snowpit Chemical and Isotope Measurements, Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609506"}, {"dataset_uid": "609616", "doi": "10.7265/N5KK98QZ", "keywords": "Antarctica; Dust; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Particle Size; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Koffman, Bess; Kreutz, Karl", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "WAIS Divide Microparticle Concentration and Size Distribution, 0-2400 ka", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609616"}], "date_created": "Tue, 19 Jun 2012 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to perform continuous microparticle concentration and size distribution measurements (using coulter counter and state-of-the-art laser detector methods), analysis of biologically relevant trace elements associated with microparticles (Fe, Zn, Co, Cd, Cu), and tephra measurements on the WAIS Divide ice core. This initial three-year project includes analysis of ice core spanning the instrumental (~1850-present) to mid- Holocene (~5000 years BP) period, with sample resolution ranging from subannual to decadal. The intellectual merit of the project is that it will help in establishing the relationships among climate, atmospheric aerosols from terrestrial and volcanic sources, ocean biogeochemistry, and greenhouse gases on several timescales which remain a fundamental problem in paleoclimatology. The atmospheric mineral dust plays an important but uncertain role in direct radiative forcing, and the microparticle datasets produced in this project will allow us to examine changes in South Pacific aerosol loading, atmospheric dynamics, and dust source area climate. The phasing of changes in aerosol properties within Antarctica, throughout the Southern Hemisphere, and globally is unclear, largely due to the limited number of annually dated records extending into the glacial period and the lack of a\u003cbr/\u003etephra framework to correlate records. The broader impacts of the proposed research are an interdisciplinary approach to climate science problems, and will contribute to several WAIS Divide science themes as well as the broader paleoclimate and oceanographic communities. Because the research topics have a large and direct societal relevance, the project will form a centerpiece of various outreach efforts at UMaine and NMT including institution websites, public speaking, local K-12 school interaction, media interviews and news releases, and popular literature. At least one PhD student and one MS student will be directly supported by this project, including fieldwork, core processing, laboratory analysis, and data interpretation/publication. We expect that one graduate student per year will apply for a core handler/assistant driller position through the WAIS Divide Science Coordination Office, and that undergraduate student involvement will result in several Capstone experience projects (a UMaine graduation requirement). Data and ideas generated from the project will be integrated into undergraduate and graduate course curricula at both institutions.", "east": 112.11666, "geometry": "POINT(112.11666 -79.46666)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CHEMICAL METERS/ANALYZERS \u003e ION CHROMATOGRAPHS; EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS \u003e PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING \u003e PHOTON/OPTICAL DETECTORS \u003e PARTICLE DETECTORS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e PROBES \u003e ELECTRON MICROPROBES; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e PHOTON/OPTICAL DETECTORS \u003e SCANNING ELECTRON MICROSCOPES; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SPECTROMETERS/RADIOMETERS \u003e MASS SPECTROMETERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CHEMICAL METERS/ANALYZERS \u003e LOPC-PMS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SPECTROMETERS/RADIOMETERS \u003e ICP-MS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e ICE CORE MELTER; EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS \u003e PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING \u003e PHOTON/OPTICAL DETECTORS \u003e PARTICLE DETECTORS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Ice Core Dust; Tephra; Radiative Forcing; Greenhouse Gas; West Antarctica; Atmospheric Aerosols; Oxygen Isotope; Not provided; WAIS Divide; Snow Pit; Ice Core Chemistry; Microparticle; Wais Divide-project; Microparticles Size; Paleoclimate; LABORATORY; Ice Core Data; Atmospheric Dynamics; Antarctica; FIELD SURVEYS; Ice Core; Trace Elements; FIELD INVESTIGATION; Holocene; Isotope; Snow Chemistry", "locations": "Antarctica; WAIS Divide; West Antarctica", "north": -79.46666, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": "PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC \u003e QUATERNARY \u003e HOLOCENE", "persons": "Koffman, Bess; Kreutz, Karl; Breton, Daniel; Dunbar, Nelia; Hamilton, Gordon S.", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS; Not provided; OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.46666, "title": "Collaborative Research: Microparticle/tephra analysis of the WAIS Divide ice core", "uid": "p0000040", "west": 112.11666}, {"awards": "0739780 Taylor, Kendrick", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(-112.117 -79.666)", "dataset_titles": "WAIS DIVIDE - High Temporal Resolution Black Carbon Record of Southern Hemisphere Biomass Burning", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "600142", "doi": "10.15784/600142", "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Black Carbon; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Taylor, Kendrick C.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "WAIS DIVIDE - High Temporal Resolution Black Carbon Record of Southern Hemisphere Biomass Burning", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/600142"}], "date_created": "Thu, 28 Apr 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Edwards/0739780\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award supports a project to develop a 2,000-year high-temporal resolution record of biomass burning from the analysis of black carbon in the WAIS Divide bedrock ice core. Pilot data for the WAIS WD05A core demonstrates that we now have the ability to reconstruct this record with minimal impact on the amount of ice available for other projects. The intellectual merit of this project is that black carbon (BC) aerosols result solely from combustion and play a critical but poorly quantified role in global climate forcing and the carbon cycle. When incorporated into snow and ice, BC increases absorption of solar radiation making seasonal snow packs, mountain glaciers, polar ice sheets, and sea ice much more vulnerable to climate warming. BC emissions in the Southern Hemisphere are dominated by biomass burning in the tropical regions of Southern Africa, South America and South Asia. Biomass burning, which results from both climate and human activities, alters the atmospheric composition of greenhouse gases, aerosols and perturbs key biogeochemical cycles. A long-term record of biomass burning is needed to aid in the interpretation of ice core gas composition and will provide important information regarding human impacts on the environment and climate before instrumental records. The broader impacts of the project are that it represents a paradigm shift in our ability to reconstruct the history of fire from ice core records and to understand its impact on atmospheric chemistry and climate over millennial time scales. This type of data is especially needed to drive global circulation model simulations of black carbon aerosols, which have been found to be an important component of global warming and which may be perturbing the hydrologic cycle. The project will also employ undergraduate students and is committed to attracting underrepresented groups to the physical sciences. The project?s outreach component will be conducted as part of the WAIS project outreach program and will reach a wide audience.", "east": -112.117, "geometry": "POINT(-112.117 -79.666)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CHEMICAL METERS/ANALYZERS \u003e GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SPECTROMETERS/RADIOMETERS \u003e MASS SPECTROMETERS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Ice Core Chemistry; Not provided; Gas Record; Ice Core; Gas Measurement; Ice Core Gas Composition; Antarctica; LABORATORY; Bedrock Ice Core; Ice Core Gas Records; Wais Project; Greenhouse Gas; Atmospheric Chemistry; FIELD INVESTIGATION; Black Carbon; Biomass Burning; WAIS Divide; FIELD SURVEYS; West Antarctica; Methane", "locations": "Antarctica; West Antarctica; WAIS Divide", "north": -79.666, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Brook, Edward J.; McConnell, Joseph; Mitchell, Logan E; Sowers, Todd A.; Taylor, Kendrick C.", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS; Not provided; OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.666, "title": "WAIS DIVIDE - High Temporal Resolution Black Carbon Record of Southern Hemisphere Biomass Burning", "uid": "p0000022", "west": -112.117}, {"awards": "9526556 Sowers, Todd", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(-148.3023 -81.403)", "dataset_titles": "Carbon-13 Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Methane in Firn Air, South Pole and Siple Dome, Antarctica", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "609310", "doi": "10.7265/N5ST7MR2", "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Siple Dome; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice; South Pole", "people": "Sowers, Todd A.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "title": "Carbon-13 Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric Methane in Firn Air, South Pole and Siple Dome, Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609310"}], "date_created": "Mon, 09 Jul 2007 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award is for support for a program to reconstruct records of the isotopic composition of paleoatmospheric methane and nitrous oxide covering the last 200,000 years. High resolution measurements of the carbon-13 isotopic composition of methane from shallow ice cores will help to determine the relative contributions of biogenic (wetlands, rice fields and ruminants) and abiogenic (biomass burning and natural gas) methane emissions which have caused the concentrations of this gas to increase at an exponential rate during the anthropogenic period. Isotopic data on methane and nitrous oxide over glacial/interglacial timescales will help determine the underlying cause of the large concentration variations that are known to occur. This project will make use of a new generation mass spectrometer which is capable of generating precise isotopic information on nanomolar quantities of methane and nitrous oxide, which means that samples can be 1000 times smaller than those needed for a standard isotope ratio instrument. The primary objective of the work is to further our understanding of the biogeochemical cycles of these two greenhouse gases throughout the anthropogenic period as well as over glacial interglacial timescales.", "east": -148.3023, "geometry": "POINT(-148.3023 -81.403)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SPECTROMETERS/RADIOMETERS \u003e MASS SPECTROMETERS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Ice Core; Firn Air Isotope Measurements; Ice Core Chemistry; Firn Isotopes; Stable Isotopes; Methane; Carbon; Paleoclimate; LABORATORY; Siple Dome; Antarctica; Ice Core Data; Firn Air Isotopes; Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Ice Sheet; Siple Dome", "north": -81.403, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": "PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC \u003e QUATERNARY \u003e HOLOCENE", "persons": "Sowers, Todd A.", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.403, "title": "Constructing Paleoatmospheric Records of the Isotopic Composition of Methane and Nitrous Oxide", "uid": "p0000611", "west": -148.3023}, {"awards": "0230452 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(124.5 -80.78)", "dataset_titles": "Antarctic megadunes", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "000191", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "NSIDC", "science_program": null, "title": "Antarctic megadunes", "url": "http://nsidc.org/antarctica/megadunes/"}], "date_created": "Wed, 27 Sep 2006 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a study of the chemical composition of air in the snow layer (firn) in a region of \"megadunes\" near Vostok station, Antarctica. It will test the hypothesis that a deep \"convective zone\" of vigorous wind-driven mixing can prevent gas fractionation in the upper one-third of the polar firn layer. In the megadunes, ultralow snow accumulation rates lead to structural changes (large grains, pipes, and cracks) that make the permeability of firn to air movement orders of magnitude higher than normal. The unknown thickness of the convective zone has hampered the interpretation of ice core 15N/14N and 40Ar/36Ar ratios as indicators of past firn thickness, which is a key constraint on the climatically important variables of temperature, accumulation rate, and gas age-ice age difference. Studying this \"extreme end-member\" example will better define the role of the convective zone in gas reconstructions. This study will pump air from a profile of ~20 depths in the firn, to definitively test for the presence of a convective zone based on the fit of observed 15 N/14N and 40Ar/36Ar to a molecular- and eddy-diffusion model. Permeability measurements on the core and 2-D air flow modeling (in collaboration with M. Albert) will permit a more physically realistic interpretation of the isotope data and will relate mixing vigor to air velocities. A new proxy indicator of convective zone thickness will be tested on firn and ice core bubble air, based on the principle that isotopes of slow-diffusing heavy noble gases (Kr, Xe) should be more affected by convection than isotopes of fast-diffusing N2 . These tools will be applied to a test of the hypothesis that the megadunes and a deep convective zone existed at the Vostok site during glacial periods, which would explain the anomalously low 15N/14N and 40Ar/36Ar in the Vostok ice core glacial periods. The broader impacts of this work include 1) clarification of phase relationships of greenhouse gases and temperature in ice core records, with implications for understanding of past and future climates, 2) education of one graduate student, and 3) building of collaborative relationships with five investigators.", "east": 124.5, "geometry": "POINT(124.5 -80.78)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CORERS \u003e CORING DEVICES; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SAMPLERS \u003e BOTTLES/FLASKS/JARS \u003e FLASKS", "is_usap_dc": false, "keywords": "Antarctica; Methane; Carbon-14; Permeability; CO2; Firn Core; FIELD SURVEYS; Deuterium Excess; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; LABORATORY; Isotope; Ice Core Density; Firn Air; Megadunes; Ice Core; Not provided; FIELD INVESTIGATION", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -80.78, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Bauer, Rob; Albert, Mary R.; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; Not provided; OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "NSIDC", "repositories": "NSIDC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.78, "title": "How Thick Is the Convective Zone: A Study of Firn Air in the Megadunes Near Vostok, Antarctica", "uid": "p0000097", "west": 124.5}, {"awards": "0401116 Twickler, Mark", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-75.34 86.6,-68.742 86.6,-62.144 86.6,-55.546 86.6,-48.948 86.6,-42.35 86.6,-35.752 86.6,-29.154 86.6,-22.556 86.6,-15.958 86.6,-9.36 86.6,-9.36 83.618,-9.36 80.636,-9.36 77.654,-9.36 74.672,-9.36 71.69,-9.36 68.708,-9.36 65.726,-9.36 62.744,-9.36 59.762,-9.36 56.78,-15.958 56.78,-22.556 56.78,-29.154 56.78,-35.752 56.78,-42.35 56.78,-48.948 56.78,-55.546 56.78,-62.144 56.78,-68.742 56.78,-75.34 56.78,-75.34 59.762,-75.34 62.744,-75.34 65.726,-75.34 68.708,-75.34 71.69,-75.34 74.672,-75.34 77.654,-75.34 80.636,-75.34 83.618,-75.34 86.6))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Fri, 13 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award will support a workshop whose aim is to provide a forum for discussion of an international ice core initiative and to examine how such an initiative might work. This workshop will bring together members of the international ice core community to discuss what new large ice core projects are needed to address leading unanswered science questions, technical obstacles to initiating these projects, benefits and difficulties of international collaboration on such projects, and how these collaborations might be facilitated. The very positive response of numerous international ice core scientists consulted about this idea shows that the need for such an initiative is widely recognized. Ice cores have already revolutionized our view of the Earth System, providing, for example, the first evidence that abrupt climate changes have occurred, and showing that greenhouse gases and climate have been tightly linked over the last 400,000 years. Ice cores provide records at high resolution, with particularly good proxies for climate and atmospheric parameters. The challenge that ice core projects present is that they require large concentrations of resources and expertise (both in drilling and in science) that are generally beyond the capacity of any one nation. Maintaining a critical mass of knowledge between projects is also difficult. One way to avoid these problems is to expand international cooperation on ice core drilling projects, so that expertise and resources can be pooled and applied to the most exciting new projects. The broader impacts of this workshop include the societal relevance of ice core science and the fact that the data and interpretations derived from new ice cores will give policymakers the information necessary to make better decisions on the how the earth is responding to climate change. In addition, by improving ice core sciences through international partnerships more students will be able to become involved in an exciting and growing area of climate research.", "east": -9.36, "geometry": "POINT(-42.35 71.69)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CORERS \u003e CORING DEVICES", "is_usap_dc": false, "keywords": "Ice Drill; Arctic; Ice Core; Climate Record; Gas; Antarctic; Climate; Chemistry; Not provided; Time Scale", "locations": "Antarctic; Arctic", "north": 86.6, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Twickler, Mark", "platforms": "Not provided", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": 56.78, "title": "Workshop for International Partnerships in Ice Core Sciences; March 13-16, 2004; Sterling, VA", "uid": "p0000100", "west": -75.34}, {"awards": "0125981 Sowers, Todd", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -62.83,-144 -62.83,-108 -62.83,-72 -62.83,-36 -62.83,0 -62.83,36 -62.83,72 -62.83,108 -62.83,144 -62.83,180 -62.83,180 -65.547,180 -68.264,180 -70.981,180 -73.698,180 -76.415,180 -79.132,180 -81.849,180 -84.566,180 -87.283,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87.283,-180 -84.566,-180 -81.849,-180 -79.132,-180 -76.415,-180 -73.698,-180 -70.981,-180 -68.264,-180 -65.547,-180 -62.83))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 05 May 2005 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "0125981\u003cbr/\u003eSowers\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award supports a project to construct an isotopic record of atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide over the last century from South Pole firn air. Over the last 150 years, atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen in response to increased emissions from various anthropogenic activities. As this trend is liable to continue in the foreseeable future, it is important to understand the biogeochemical processes that contribute to the emissions of these two greenhouse gases. In this context, records of the variations in the atmospheric loading of trace gases found in ice cores and interstitial spaces in the snow near the surface of the ice sheet (firn air) provide fundamental boundary conditions for reconstructing historical emission records. One way to improve our understanding of the cycling of bioactive trace gases and their emission records is to use stable isotope tracers, which have been recorded in the ice cores and firn air. This project will develop records of carbon-13 and deuterium isotope ratios of methane, as well as the nitrogen-15, oxygen-18 and the isotopomer composition of nitrous oxide trapped in firn air samples collected in January 2001 at the South Pole. These measurements will allow isotopic records of these atmospheric gases to be reconstructed throughout the 20th century. Such records will help to establish the relative contribution of individual sources with a higher degree of confidence than is currently available.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": false, "keywords": "Not provided", "locations": null, "north": -62.83, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Sowers, Todd A.", "platforms": "Not provided", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Generating an Isotopic Record of Atmospheric Methane and Nitrous Oxide Over the Last Century from South Pole Firn Air", "uid": "p0000086", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "9714687 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Byrd Ice Core Microparticle and Chemistry Data", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "609247", "doi": "", "keywords": "Antarctica; Byrd; Byrd Ice Core; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate", "people": "Blunier, Thomas; Thompson, Lonnie G.; Brook, Edward J.; Fluckiger, Jacqueline", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Byrd Ice Core", "title": "Byrd Ice Core Microparticle and Chemistry Data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609247"}], "date_created": "Thu, 26 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award is for support for a program to make high resolution studies of variations in the concentration of methane, the oxygenisotope composition of paleoatmospheric oxygen, and the total gas content of deep Antarctic ice cores. Studies of the concentration and isotopic composition of air in the firn of the Antarctic ice sheet will also be continued. One objective of this work is to use the methane concentration and oxygen-isotope composition of oxygen of air in ice as time-stratigraphic markers for the precise intercorrelation of Greenland and Antarctic ice cores as well as the correlation of ice cores to other climatic records. A second objective is to use variations in the concentration and interhemispheric gradient of methane measured in Greenland and Antarctic ice cores to deduce changes in continental climates and biogeochemistry on which the atmospheric methane distribution depends. A third objective is to use data on the variability of total gas content in the Siple Dome ice core to reconstruct aspects of the glacial history of West Antarctica during the last glacial maximum. The fourth objective is to participate in collaborative studies of firn air chemistry at Vostok, Siple Dome, and South Pole which will yield much new information about gas trapping in ice as well as the concentration history and isotopic composition of greenhouse gases, oxygen, trace biogenic gases and trace anthropogenic gases during the last 100 years.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CORERS \u003e CORING DEVICES", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "GROUND STATIONS", "locations": null, "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Blunier, Thomas; Fluckiger, Jacqueline; Thompson, Lonnie G.; Brook, Edward J.", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e GROUND STATIONS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Collaborative Research: Studies of Trapped Gases in Firn and Ice from Antarctic Deep Ice Cores", "uid": "p0000168", "west": null}, {"awards": "9615292 Wahlen, Martin", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Carbon-Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric CO2 since the Last Glacial Maximum; Taylor Dome Ice Core Chemistry, Ion, and Isotope Data", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "609246", "doi": "", "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Isotope; Paleoclimate; Taylor Dome; Taylor Dome Ice Core", "people": "Sowers, Todd A.; Indermuhle, A.; Steig, Eric J.; Mayewski, Paul A.; Smith, Jesse; Brook, Edward J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Taylor Dome Ice Core", "title": "Taylor Dome Ice Core Chemistry, Ion, and Isotope Data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609246"}, {"dataset_uid": "609108", "doi": "10.7265/N54F1NN5", "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Taylor Dome; Taylor Dome Ice Core", "people": "Wahlen, Martin", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Carbon-Isotopic Composition of Atmospheric CO2 since the Last Glacial Maximum", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609108"}], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2002 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award is for support of a program to reconstruct the record of atmospheric carbon dioxide (and the carbon-13 isotopes of carbon dioxide) over several intervals, including the Last Glacial Maximum-Holocene transition, interstadial episodes, the mid-Holocene, the last 1000 years and the penultimate glacial period, using ice from the Taylor Dome and Vostok ice cores. The major objective of this study is to investigate the phase relationship between variations of the greenhouse gases occluded in the ice cores and temperature changes (indicated by oxygen and deuterium isotopes) during the last deglaciation. In addition, the concentration of atmospheric carbon dioxide over the past 1000 years and during the mid-Holocene will be determined in these cores.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SPECTROMETERS/RADIOMETERS \u003e MASS SPECTROMETERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CORERS \u003e CORING DEVICES", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; Ice Core; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; Carbon; Trapped Gases; Glaciology; GROUND STATIONS; Taylor Dome; Carbon Dioxide; Isotope; Antarctica; Nitrogen", "locations": "Antarctica; Taylor Dome", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Steig, Eric J.; Wahlen, Martin; Smith, Jesse; Brook, Edward J.; Indermuhle, A.; Mayewski, Paul A.; Sowers, Todd A.", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e GROUND STATIONS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Taylor Dome Ice Core", "south": null, "title": "Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Isotopes in the Taylor Dome and Vostok Ice Cores", "uid": "p0000153", "west": null}]

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