USAP-DC

{"dp_type": "Dataset", "free_text": "Growth"}

[{"awards": "1947040 Postlethwait, John", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-63 -64,-57.8 -64,-52.6 -64,-47.4 -64,-42.2 -64,-37 -64,-31.799999999999997 -64,-26.6 -64,-21.4 -64,-16.199999999999996 -64,-11 -64,-11 -65.3,-11 -66.6,-11 -67.9,-11 -69.2,-11 -70.5,-11 -71.8,-11 -73.1,-11 -74.4,-11 -75.7,-11 -77,-16.2 -77,-21.4 -77,-26.6 -77,-31.8 -77,-37 -77,-42.2 -77,-47.4 -77,-52.6 -77,-57.800000000000004 -77,-63 -77,-63 -75.7,-63 -74.4,-63 -73.1,-63 -71.8,-63 -70.5,-63 -69.2,-63 -67.9,-63 -66.6,-63 -65.3,-63 -64))"], "date_created": "Tue, 11 Feb 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Morphological, fecundity, and age data of Trematomus scotti from Andvord Bay and the Weddell Sea.", "east": -11.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-37 -70.5)"], "keywords": "Age; Antarctica; Biota; Cryonotothenioid; Cryosphere; Fecundity; Growth; Length; Nototheniidae; Oceans; Otolith; Reproduction; Weight", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -64.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Desvignes, Thomas; Valdivieso, Alejandro; Sguotti, Camilla; Cal\u00ec, Federico; Riginella, Emilio; Streeter, Margaret; Grondin, Jacob; Le Francois, Nathalie; Lucassen, Magnus; Mark, Felix C; Detrich, H. William; Papetti, Chiara; Postlethwait, John; La Mesa, Mario", "project_titles": "EAGER: Origin and Physiological Consequences of a Neoplasm Outbreak in Antarctic Fish ", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010221", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: Origin and Physiological Consequences of a Neoplasm Outbreak in Antarctic Fish "}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Morphological, fecundity, and age data of Trematomus scotti from Andvord Bay and the Weddell Sea.", "uid": "601893", "west": -63.0}, {"awards": "1951500 Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 27 Feb 2024 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "1. Differences among individuals within a population are ubiquitous. Those differences are known to affect the entire life cycle with important consequences for all demographic rates and outcomes. One source of among-individual phenotypic variation that has received little attention from a demographic perspective is animal personality, which is defined as consistent and heritable behavioral differences between individuals. While many studies have shown that individual variation in individual personality can generate individual differences in survival and reproductive rates, the impact of personality on all demographic rates and outcomes remains to be assessed empirically.\r\n\r\n\t2. Here, we used a unique, long-term, dataset coupling demography and personality of wandering albatross (Diomedea exulans) in the Crozet Archipelago and a comprehensive analysis based on a suite of approaches (capture-mark-recapture statistical models, Markov chains models and structured matrix population models). We assessed the effect of boldness on annual demographic rates (survival, breeding probability, breeding success), life-history out-comes (life expectancy, lifetime reproductive outcome, occupancy times), and an integrative demographic outcome (population growth rate).\r\n\r\n\t3. We found that boldness had little impact on female demographic rates, but was very likely associated with lower breeding probabilities in males. By integrating the effects of boldness over the entire life cycle, we found that bolder males had slightly lower lifetime reproductive success compared to shyer males. Indeed, bolder males spent a greater proportion of their lifetime as non-breeders, which suggests longer inter-breeding intervals due to higher reproductive allocation.\r\n\r\n\t4. Our results reveal that the link between boldness and demography is more complex than anticipated by the pace-of-life literature and highlight the importance of considering the entire life cycle with a comprehensive approach when assessing the role of personality on individual performance and demography.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Demography; Sub-Antarctic", "locations": "Sub-Antarctic; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Integrated System Science", "persons": "Joanie, Van de Walle; Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "project_titles": "NSFGEO-NERC: Integrating Individual Personality Differences in the Evolutionary Ecology of a Seabird in the Rapidly Changing Polar Environment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010283", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Integrating Individual Personality Differences in the Evolutionary Ecology of a Seabird in the Rapidly Changing Polar Environment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "The impact of boldness on demographic rates and lifehistory outcomes in the wandering albatross", "uid": "601770", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0917509 Spencer, Matthew", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "date_created": "Wed, 18 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set consists of bubble-number densities in glacier ice, in units of bubbles per cubic centimeter, based on firn densification and grain-growth modeling under steady-state climate conditions.", "east": -149.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Density; Firn; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Records; Siple Dome; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "locations": "Antarctica; Siple Dome", "north": -81.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Spencer, Matthew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Combined Physical Property Measurements at Siple Dome", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000658", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Combined Physical Property Measurements at Siple Dome"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.0, "title": "Firn depth and bubble density for Siple Ice Core and other sites", "uid": "601746", "west": -149.0}, {"awards": "1543245 Rynearson, Tatiana", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-179 -59,-167.7 -59,-156.4 -59,-145.1 -59,-133.8 -59,-122.5 -59,-111.19999999999999 -59,-99.89999999999999 -59,-88.6 -59,-77.3 -59,-66 -59,-66 -60.9,-66 -62.8,-66 -64.7,-66 -66.6,-66 -68.5,-66 -70.4,-66 -72.3,-66 -74.2,-66 -76.1,-66 -78,-77.3 -78,-88.6 -78,-99.9 -78,-111.2 -78,-122.5 -78,-133.8 -78,-145.10000000000002 -78,-156.4 -78,-167.7 -78,-179 -78,-179 -76.1,-179 -74.2,-179 -72.3,-179 -70.4,-179 -68.5,-179 -66.6,-179 -64.7,-179 -62.8,-179 -60.900000000000006,-179 -59))"], "date_created": "Mon, 27 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes records of the specific growth rates measured for 43 clonal diatom strains originally isolated during the research cruise NBP-1701 across the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean during December 2016-January 2017. Strains were grown under continuous light (130 \u00b5mol m-2\u00a0s-1) at up to 8 temperatures that span all or most of each strain\u2019s thermal niche width, from 0-12 degrees C, which encompasses each strain\u2019s optimum temperature for growth. Strains have been molecularly identified to species via 18S Sanger sequencing. Data include the following information for each record: Internal lab strain reference ID, date collected, latitude, longitude, Southern Ocean region, species, tested temperature, replicate number and specific growth rate. Data are provided in comma-separated values (csv) format.", "east": -66.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-122.5 -68.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; NBP1701; Phytoplankton; R/v Nathaniel B. Palmer; Specific Growth Rate; Thermal Optimum Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -59.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Bishop, Ian", "project_titles": "NSFGEO-NERC: Evolutionary Response of Southern Ocean Diatoms to Environmental Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000850", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSFGEO-NERC: Evolutionary Response of Southern Ocean Diatoms to Environmental Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Specific growth rate measurements for 43 Southern Ocean diatoms", "uid": "601586", "west": -179.0}, {"awards": "1743643 Passchier, Sandra", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-42.933 -61.849)"], "date_created": "Wed, 22 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains measurements of major and trace elements on 190 samples of Eocene-Oligocene sediment from Ocean Drilling Program Site 696 drilled in 650 m water depth on the South Orkney Microcontinent. The composition of detrital, biogenic and authigenic sediment components was assessed via whole rock geochemistry of sediment samples. Instrument analysis was completed at Montclair State University.", "east": -42.933, "geometry": ["POINT(-42.933 -61.849)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciation; IODP 650; IODP 696; Paleoceanography; Provenance; Sediment Core Data; Weathering; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Weddell Sea; Antarctica", "north": -61.849, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Passchier, Sandra; Hojnacki, Victoria; Li, Xiaona; States, Abbey; Lepp, Allison", "project_titles": "Timing and Spatial Distribution of Antarctic Ice Sheet Growth and Sea-ice Formation across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Timing and Spatial Distribution of Antarctic Ice Sheet Growth and Sea-ice Formation across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -61.849, "title": "Major and trace element analyses of Eocene-Oligocene marine sediments from ODP Site 696, South Orkney Microcontinent", "uid": "601582", "west": -42.933}, {"awards": "1743643 Passchier, Sandra", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-42.933 -61.849)"], "date_created": "Tue, 21 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains measurements of terrigenous particle-size distributions on Eocene-Oligocene sediment from Ocean Drilling Program Site 696 drilled in 650 m water depth on the South Orkney Microcontinent. Carbonate and organic matter were removed through addition of 10mL aliquots of 30% H2O2, 2mL aliquots of 10% HCl to ~50-100mL suspension on a hot plate. Diatoms were generally either absent or present in trace amounts in the Eocene-Oligocene interval and were not removed. Dispersion was through heating with sodium pyrophosphate. Samples were measured on a Malvern Mastersizer 2000 with a Hydro 2000MU (A) accessory, using a Refractive Index of 1.6 (Illite) and an absorption coefficient of 0.9. Results are in (vol. %) per size class, with diameter range equivalent to the diameter of spheres with the same volume as measured particles.", "east": -42.933, "geometry": ["POINT(-42.933 -61.849)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciation; IODP 696; Marine Geoscience; Marine Sediments; Paleoceanography; Sediment Core Data; Weddell Sea", "locations": "Antarctica; Weddell Sea", "north": -61.849, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Passchier, Sandra; Lepp, Allison; Horowitz Castaldo, Josie; Light, Jennifer", "project_titles": "Timing and Spatial Distribution of Antarctic Ice Sheet Growth and Sea-ice Formation across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Timing and Spatial Distribution of Antarctic Ice Sheet Growth and Sea-ice Formation across the Eocene-Oligocene Transition"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -61.849, "title": "Particle-size distributions of Eocene-Oligocene sediment from ODP Site 696, South Orkney Microcontinent", "uid": "601581", "west": -42.933}, {"awards": "1745057 Walker, Sally", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163.4 -77.3,163.46 -77.3,163.52 -77.3,163.58 -77.3,163.64 -77.3,163.7 -77.3,163.76 -77.3,163.82 -77.3,163.88 -77.3,163.94 -77.3,164 -77.3,164 -77.33,164 -77.36,164 -77.39,164 -77.42,164 -77.45,164 -77.48,164 -77.51,164 -77.54,164 -77.57,164 -77.6,163.94 -77.6,163.88 -77.6,163.82 -77.6,163.76 -77.6,163.7 -77.6,163.64 -77.6,163.58 -77.6,163.52 -77.6,163.46 -77.6,163.4 -77.6,163.4 -77.57,163.4 -77.54,163.4 -77.51,163.4 -77.48,163.4 -77.45,163.4 -77.42,163.4 -77.39,163.4 -77.36,163.4 -77.33,163.4 -77.3))"], "date_created": "Thu, 12 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes measurements of shell growth between striae (small, comarginal ridges on valve surfaces) and visual analysis of striae groups. The script analyses the variation among striae groups, and time series analysis of interstrial increments. ", "east": 164.0, "geometry": ["POINT(163.7 -77.45)"], "keywords": "Adamussium Colbecki; Antarctica; McMurdo", "locations": "Antarctica; McMurdo", "north": -77.3, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Cronin, Kelly; Walker, Sally", "project_titles": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010238", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.6, "title": "Analysis of striae groups and interstrial increments from Adamussium colbecki valves from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails", "uid": "601469", "west": 163.4}, {"awards": "1745057 Walker, Sally", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163.4 -77.3,163.46 -77.3,163.52 -77.3,163.58 -77.3,163.64 -77.3,163.7 -77.3,163.76 -77.3,163.82 -77.3,163.88 -77.3,163.94 -77.3,164 -77.3,164 -77.33,164 -77.36,164 -77.39,164 -77.42,164 -77.45,164 -77.48,164 -77.51,164 -77.54,164 -77.57,164 -77.6,163.94 -77.6,163.88 -77.6,163.82 -77.6,163.76 -77.6,163.7 -77.6,163.64 -77.6,163.58 -77.6,163.52 -77.6,163.46 -77.6,163.4 -77.6,163.4 -77.57,163.4 -77.54,163.4 -77.51,163.4 -77.48,163.4 -77.45,163.4 -77.42,163.4 -77.39,163.4 -77.36,163.4 -77.33,163.4 -77.3))"], "date_created": "Wed, 11 Aug 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains yearly growth increments (mm) of live-collected Adamussium colbecki from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails in Western McMurdo Sound. Annual growth is delineated by annuli (external growth bands; see Cronin et al., 2020). Straight length measurements were taken with digital calipers from umbo to ventral margin along the central axis. The purpose of data collection was to compare growth and lifespan of A. colbecki under annual and multiannual sea ice. ", "east": 164.0, "geometry": ["POINT(163.7 -77.45)"], "keywords": "Adamussium Colbecki; Antarctica; Growth; McMurdo Sound; Shell Fish", "locations": "Antarctica; McMurdo Sound", "north": -77.3, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Cronin, Kelly; Walker, Sally", "project_titles": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010238", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative research: The Antarctic Scallop as Key to Paleoenvironments and Sea Ice Conditions: Understanding the Modern to Predict the Past"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.6, "title": "Annual growth of Adamussium colbecki from Explorers Cove and Bay of Sails", "uid": "601468", "west": 163.4}, {"awards": "1935901 Dugger, Katie; 0439200 Dugger, Katie; 0439759 Ballard, Grant; 0944141 Ballard, Grant; 0944411 Ainley, David; 0440643 Ainley, David; 1543541 Ainley, David; 1543498 Ballard, Grant; 1543459 Dugger, Katie; 0944358 Dugger, Katie; 1935870 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Wed, 12 May 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": "Adelie Penguin; Antarctica; Biota; Demography; Mark-Recapture; Monitoring; Penguin; Ross Island", "locations": "Antarctica; Ross Island", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "A Full Lifecycle Approach to Understanding Ad\u00e9lie Penguin Response to Changing Pack Ice Conditions in the Ross Sea.; COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels; COLLABORATIVE: Geographic Structure of Adelie Penguin Colonies - Demography of Population Change; Population Growth at the Southern Extreme: Effects of Early Life Conditions on Adelie penguin Individuals and Colonies", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010179", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Population Growth at the Southern Extreme: Effects of Early Life Conditions on Adelie penguin Individuals and Colonies"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010177", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "A Full Lifecycle Approach to Understanding Ad\u00e9lie Penguin Response to Changing Pack Ice Conditions in the Ross Sea."}, {"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}, {"proj_uid": "p0000068", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Geographic Structure of Adelie Penguin Colonies - Demography of Population Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin resighting data 1997-2021 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "601444", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant; 0944141 Ballard, Grant; 1543498 Ballard, Grant; 1543459 Dugger, Katie; 1543541 Ainley, David", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 11 May 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": "Adelie Penguin; Antarctica; Biota; Demography; Penguin; Ross Sea; Seabirds", "locations": "Antarctica; Ross Sea", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Instrumentation and Support; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems; Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "A Full Lifecycle Approach to Understanding Ad\u00e9lie Penguin Response to Changing Pack Ice Conditions in the Ross Sea.; COLLABORATIVE: Geographic Structure of Adelie Penguin Colonies - Demography of Population Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000068", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Geographic Structure of Adelie Penguin Colonies - Demography of Population Change"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010177", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "A Full Lifecycle Approach to Understanding Ad\u00e9lie Penguin Response to Changing Pack Ice Conditions in the Ross Sea."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin banding data 1994-2021 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "601443", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "1443386 Emslie, Steven", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -60,-180 -61.130769444,-180 -62.261538888,-180 -63.392308332,-180 -64.523077776,-180 -65.65384722,-180 -66.784616664,-180 -67.915386108,-180 -69.046155552,-180 -70.176924996,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,-180 -71.30769444,180 -71.30769444,179.019305556 -71.30769444,178.038611112 -71.30769444,177.057916668 -71.30769444,176.077222224 -71.30769444,175.09652778 -71.30769444,174.115833336 -71.30769444,173.135138892 -71.30769444,172.154444448 -71.30769444,171.173750004 -71.30769444,170.19305556 -71.30769444,170.19305556 -70.176924996,170.19305556 -69.046155552,170.19305556 -67.915386108,170.19305556 -66.784616664,170.19305556 -65.65384722,170.19305556 -64.523077776,170.19305556 -63.392308332,170.19305556 -62.261538888,170.19305556 -61.130769444,170.19305556 -60,171.173750004 -60,172.154444448 -60,173.135138892 -60,174.115833336 -60,175.09652778 -60,176.077222224 -60,177.057916668 -60,178.038611112 -60,179.019305556 -60,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 02 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "We report new discoveries and radiocarbon dates on active and abandoned Ad\u00e9lie penguin (Pygoscelis adeliae) colonies at Cape Adare, Antarctica. This colony, first established at approximately 2000 BP (calendar years before present, i.e. 1950), is currently the largest for this species with approximately 338 000 breeding pairs, most located on lowlying Ridley Beach. We hypothesize that this colony first formed after fast ice began blocking open-water access by breeding penguins to the Scott Coast in the southern Ross Sea during a cooling period also at approximately 2000 BP. Our results suggest that the new colony at Cape Adare continued to grow, expanding to a large upper terrace above Ridley Beach, until it exceeded approximately 500 000 breeding pairs (a \u0027supercolony\u0027) by approximately 1200 BP. The high marine productivity associated with the Ross Sea polynya and continental shelf break supported this growth, but the colony collapsed to its present size for unknown reasons after approximately 1200 BP. Ridley Beach will probably be abandoned in the near future due to rising sea level in this region. We predict that penguins will retreat to higher elevations at Cape Adare and that the Scott Coast will be reoccupied by breeding penguins as fast ice continues to dissipate earlier each summer, restoring open-water access to beaches there.", "east": 170.19305556, "geometry": ["POINT(175.09652778 -65.65384722)"], "keywords": "Adelie Penguin; Antarctica; Biota; Cape Adare; East Antarctica; Population Movement; Pygoscelis Adeliae; Radiocarbon; Ross Sea; Sea Level Rise; Stable Isotopes", "locations": "Cape Adare; Antarctica; Ross Sea; East Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "McKenzie, Ashley; Patterson, William; Emslie, Steven D.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010047", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Investigating Holocene Shifts in the Diets and Paleohistory of Antarctic Krill Predators"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -71.30769444, "title": "The rise and fall of an ancient Adelie penguin \u0027supercolony\u0027 at Cape Adare, Antarctica", "uid": "601327", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1142174 Smith, Walker", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Wed, 14 Nov 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set summarizes the responses of a variety of phytoplankton cultures to different temperatures. Variables assessed in triplicate at each temperature include cell abundance, chlorophyll and particulate organic carbon. Some eight species were assessed. Each experiment lasted ca. 25 days. ", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chlorophyll; Foraminifera; Growth; Phytoplankton; Plankton; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Smith, Walker", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Penguin Foraging Reveals Phytoplankton Spatial Structure in the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000322", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Penguin Foraging Reveals Phytoplankton Spatial Structure in the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Experimental analyses of phytoplankton temperature response", "uid": "601135", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1542778 Alley, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-180 -90)"], "date_created": "Wed, 20 Sep 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Thin sections of the South Pole Ice Core, SPC14, were prepared from samples taken every ~20 meters starting at 100 meters depth. Samples from 140 meters to 1739 meters depth were analyzed to determine the c-axis fabric of the grains. The ice is generally fine-grained, with the samples at 100 and 120 meters depth too fine grained for successful analysis, but sufficient grain growth having occurred for analysis of all deeper samples.\r\r\nThe c-axis fabric was measured on the automated c-axis fabric analyzer located at Penn State University, designed and built by Larry Wilen. Raw data is in the form of multiple images of the ice thin section taken at defined angles under cross polarized light. The images are analyzed to determine position of the extinction minimum of each grain within the thin section, this being the orientation of the c-axis of that grain. During processing, the area of each analyzed grain is also measured.\r\r\nShallow samples show a fairly random distribution, although with a slight tendency for clustering of c-axes toward the vertical. With increasing depth, the c-axes rotate toward a vertical plane with a slight additional tendency of clustering toward the vertical within that plane. The core was not oriented during collection, so it is not possible to unambiguously tell how the vertical plane is related to ice flow, but physical understanding indicates that it is transverse to flow.", "east": -180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-180 -90)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; South Pole; SPICEcore", "locations": "South Pole; Antarctica", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Voigt, Donald E.", "project_titles": "Climate History and Flow Processes from Physical Analyses of the SPICECORE South Pole Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000141", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Climate History and Flow Processes from Physical Analyses of the SPICECORE South Pole Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "c-Axis Fabric of the South Pole Ice Core, SPC14", "uid": "601057", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1246379 Smith, Nathan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((160 -85,160.6 -85,161.2 -85,161.8 -85,162.4 -85,163 -85,163.6 -85,164.2 -85,164.8 -85,165.4 -85,166 -85,166 -85.2,166 -85.4,166 -85.6,166 -85.8,166 -86,166 -86.2,166 -86.4,166 -86.6,166 -86.8,166 -87,165.4 -87,164.8 -87,164.2 -87,163.6 -87,163 -87,162.4 -87,161.8 -87,161.2 -87,160.6 -87,160 -87,160 -86.8,160 -86.6,160 -86.4,160 -86.2,160 -86,160 -85.8,160 -85.6,160 -85.4,160 -85.2,160 -85))"], "date_created": "Wed, 29 Mar 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This proposal supports research on the Early Jurassic Hanson Formation vertebrate fauna of the Beardmore Glacier region of Antarctica. The project supports preparation and systematic and paleobiological research on four Antarctic dinosaurs, including two new species, collected in the Central Transantarctic Mountains. With the new material Cryolophosaurus will become one of the most complete Early Jurassic theropods known, and thus has the potential to become a keystone taxon for resolving the debated early evolutionary history of theropod dinosaurs, the group that gave rise to birds. Two new dinosaur specimens include a nearly complete articulated skeleton of a juvenile sauropodomorph, and the articulated hip region of another small individual. Both appear to be new taxa. The dinosaurs from the Hanson Formation represent some of the highest paleolatitude vertebrates known from the Jurassic. The PIs generated CT datasets for Cryolophosaurus and the more complete new sauropodomorph species to mine for phylogenetic trait information, and to investigate their comparative neuroanatomy and feeding behavior. Histological datasets have been generated from multiple skeletal elements for all four Mt. Kirkpatrick taxa to understand patterns of growth in different clades of polar dinosaurs and compare them to relatives from lower paleolatitudes. This paleohistological study of a relatively diverse sample of sauropodomorph taxa from Antarctica may contribute to determining whether and how these dinosaurs responded to contemporary climatic extremes. The PIs have established a successful undergraduate training program as part of previous research. Summer interns from Augustana are trained at the Field Museum in specimen preparation, curation, molding/casting, and histological sampling. They also participate in existing Field Museum REU programs, including a course on phylogenetic systematics. Four undergraduate internships and student research projects will be supported through this proposal. A postdoctoral researcher has also been supported on this project The PIs are developing a traveling exhibit on Antarctic Dinosaurs that they estimate will be seen by over 2 million people over the five-year tour (opening June 2018 at the Field Museum of Natural History).", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(163 -86)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Beardmore Glacier; Biota; Fossil; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Solid Earth; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Beardmore Glacier; Transantarctic Mountains; Antarctica", "north": -85.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Smith, Nathan", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Continued Research on the Jurassic Vertebrate Fauna from the Beardmore Glacier Region of Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000083", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Continued Research on the Jurassic Vertebrate Fauna from the Beardmore Glacier Region of Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -87.0, "title": "Vertebrate fossils from the Hanson Formation at Mt. Kirkpatrick, in the Beardmore Glacier region of Antarctica", "uid": "601016", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "1355533 Dayton, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((163 -78,163.4 -78,163.8 -78,164.2 -78,164.6 -78,165 -78,165.4 -78,165.8 -78,166.2 -78,166.6 -78,167 -78,167 -78.05,167 -78.1,167 -78.15,167 -78.2,167 -78.25,167 -78.3,167 -78.35,167 -78.4,167 -78.45,167 -78.5,166.6 -78.5,166.2 -78.5,165.8 -78.5,165.4 -78.5,165 -78.5,164.6 -78.5,164.2 -78.5,163.8 -78.5,163.4 -78.5,163 -78.5,163 -78.45,163 -78.4,163 -78.35,163 -78.3,163 -78.25,163 -78.2,163 -78.15,163 -78.1,163 -78.05,163 -78))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Antarctic benthic communities are characterized by many species of sponges (Phylum Porifera), long thought to exhibit extremely slow demographic patterns of settlement, growth and reproduction. This project will analyze many hundreds of diver and remotely operated underwater vehicle photographs documenting a unique, episodic settlement event that occurred between 2000 and 2010 in McMurdo Sound that challenges this paradigm of slow growth. Artificial structures were placed on the seafloor between 1967 and 1974 at several sites, but no sponges were observed to settle on these structures until 2004. By 2010 some 40 species of sponges had settled and grown to be surprisingly large. Given the paradigm of slow settlement and growth supported by the long observation period (37 years, 1967-2004), this extraordinary large-scale settlement and rapid growth over just a 6-year time span is astonishing. This project utilizes image processing software (ImageJ) to obtain metrics (linear dimensions to estimate size, frequency, percent cover) for sponges and other fauna visible in the photographs. It uses R to conduct multidimensional scaling to ordinate community data and ANOSIM to test for differences of community data among sites and times and structures. It will also use SIMPER and ranked species abundances to discriminate species responsible for any differences.\nThis work focuses on Antarctic sponges, but the observations of massive episodic recruitment and growth are important to understanding seafloor communities worldwide. Ecosystems are composed of populations, and populations are ecologically described by their distribution and abundance. A little appreciated fact is that sponges often dominate marine communities, but because sponges are so hard to study, most workers focus on other groups such as corals, kelps, or bivalves. Because most sponges settle and grow slowly their life history is virtually unstudied. The assumption of relative stasis of the Antarctic seafloor community is common, and this project will shatter this paradigm by documenting a dramatic episodic event. Finally, the project takes advantage of old transects from the 1960s and 1970s and compares them with extensive 2010 surveys of the same habitats and sometimes the same intact transect lines, offering a long-term perspective of community change. The investigators will publish these results in peer-reviewed journals, give presentations to the general public and will involve students from local outreach programs, high schools, and undergraduates at UCSD to help with the analysis.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(165 -78.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Bentic Fauna; Biota; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Ross Sea; McMurdo Sound; Southern Ocean", "north": -78.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Dayton, Paul", "project_titles": "EAGER: A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000401", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "A Multi-decadal Record of Antarctic Benthos: Image Analysis to Maximize Data Utilization", "uid": "600164", "west": 163.0}, {"awards": "1142018 Arrigo, Kevin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-75.8 -61.08,-74.457 -61.08,-73.114 -61.08,-71.771 -61.08,-70.428 -61.08,-69.085 -61.08,-67.742 -61.08,-66.399 -61.08,-65.056 -61.08,-63.713 -61.08,-62.37 -61.08,-62.37 -61.684,-62.37 -62.288,-62.37 -62.892,-62.37 -63.496,-62.37 -64.1,-62.37 -64.704,-62.37 -65.308,-62.37 -65.912,-62.37 -66.516,-62.37 -67.12,-63.713 -67.12,-65.056 -67.12,-66.399 -67.12,-67.742 -67.12,-69.085 -67.12,-70.428 -67.12,-71.771 -67.12,-73.114 -67.12,-74.457 -67.12,-75.8 -67.12,-75.8 -66.516,-75.8 -65.912,-75.8 -65.308,-75.8 -64.704,-75.8 -64.1,-75.8 -63.496,-75.8 -62.892,-75.8 -62.288,-75.8 -61.684,-75.8 -61.08))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Global climate change is having significant effects on areas of the Southern Ocean, and a better understanding of this ecosystem will permit predictions about the large-scale implications of these shifts. The haptophyte Phaeocystis antarctica is an important component of the phytoplankton communities in this region, but little is known about the factors controlling its distribution. Preliminary data suggest that P. antarctica posses unique adaptations that allow it to thrive in regions with dynamic light regimes. This research will extend these results to identify the physiological and genetic mechanisms that affect the growth and distribution of P. antarctica. This work will use field and laboratory-based studies and a suite of modern molecular techniques to better understand the biogeography and physiology of this key organism. Results will be widely disseminated through publications as well as through presentations at national and international meetings. In addition, raw data will be made available through open-access databases. This project will support the research and training of two graduate students and will foster an established international collaboration with Dutch scientists. Researchers on this project will participate in outreach programs targeting K12 teachers as well as high school students.", "east": -62.37, "geometry": ["POINT(-69.085 -64.1)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Chlorophyll; CTD Data; NBP1310; NBP1409; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Phytoplankton; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Sea Surface; Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -61.08, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Arrigo, Kevin", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Adaptive Responses of Phaeocystis Populations in Antarctic Ecosystems", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000446", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Adaptive Responses of Phaeocystis Populations in Antarctic Ecosystems"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -67.12, "title": "Adaptive Responses of Phaeocystis Populations in Antarctic Ecosystems", "uid": "600161", "west": -75.8}, {"awards": "1142156 Marschall, Horst", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-6.44 -71.93,-5.378 -71.93,-4.316 -71.93,-3.254 -71.93,-2.192 -71.93,-1.13 -71.93,-0.068 -71.93,0.994 -71.93,2.056 -71.93,3.118 -71.93,4.18 -71.93,4.18 -71.998,4.18 -72.066,4.18 -72.134,4.18 -72.202,4.18 -72.27,4.18 -72.338,4.18 -72.406,4.18 -72.474,4.18 -72.542,4.18 -72.61,3.118 -72.61,2.056 -72.61,0.994 -72.61,-0.068 -72.61,-1.13 -72.61,-2.192 -72.61,-3.254 -72.61,-4.316 -72.61,-5.378 -72.61,-6.44 -72.61,-6.44 -72.542,-6.44 -72.474,-6.44 -72.406,-6.44 -72.338,-6.44 -72.27,-6.44 -72.202,-6.44 -72.134,-6.44 -72.066,-6.44 -71.998,-6.44 -71.93))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Geochemical studies of single mineral grains in rocks can be probed to reconstruct the history of our planet. The mineral zircon (ZrSiO4) is of unique importance in that respect because of its reliability as a geologic clock due to its strong persistence against weathering, transport and changes in temperature and pressure. Uranium-Lead (U-Pb) dating of zircon grains is, perhaps, the most frequently employed method of extracting time information on geologic processes that shaped the continental crust, and has been used to constrain the evolution of continents and mountain belts through time. In addition, the isotopic composition of the element Hafnium (Hf) in zircon is used to date when the continental crust was generated by extraction of magma from the underlying mantle. Melting of rocks in the mantle and deep in the continental crust are key processes in the evolution of the continents, and they are recorded in the Hf isotopic signatures of zircon. Although the analytical procedures for U-Pb dating and Hf isotope analyses of zircon are robust now, our understanding of zircon growth and its exchange of elements and isotopes with its surrounding rock or magma are still underdeveloped. The focus of the proposed study, therefore, is to unravel the evolution of zircon Hf isotopes in rocks that were formed deep in the Earth\u0027s crust, and more specifically, to apply these isotopic methods to rocks collected in Dronning Maud Land (DML), East Antarctica.\n\nDronning Maud Land (DML) occupied a central location during the formation of supercontinents - large landmasses made up of all the continents that exist today - more than 500 million years ago. It is currently thought that supercontinents were formed and dismembered five or six times throughout Earth\u0027s history. The area of DML is key for understanding the formation history of the last two supercontinents. The boundaries of continents that were merged to form those supercontinents are most likely hidden in DML. In this study, the isotopic composition of zircon grains recovered from DML rocks will be employed to identify these boundaries across an extensive section through the area. The rock samples were collected by the investigator during a two-month expedition to Antarctica in the austral summer of 2007-2008. The results of dating and isotope analyses of zircon of the different DML crustal domains will deliver significant insight into the regional geology of East Antarctica and its previous northern extension into Africa. This has significance for the reconstruction of the supercontinents and defining the continental boundaries in DML.\n", "east": 4.18, "geometry": ["POINT(-1.13 -72.27)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Dronning Maud Land; Geochemistry; Geochronology; Solid Earth", "locations": "Dronning Maud Land; Antarctica", "north": -71.93, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Marschall, Horst", "project_titles": "Zircon Hf Isotopes and the Continental Evolution of Dronning Maud Land, East Antacrtica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000448", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Zircon Hf Isotopes and the Continental Evolution of Dronning Maud Land, East Antacrtica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -72.61, "title": "Zircon Hf Isotopes and the Continental Evolution of Dronning Maud Land, East Antarctica", "uid": "600135", "west": -6.44}, {"awards": "1045215 Gooseff, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((160 -77.25,160.5 -77.25,161 -77.25,161.5 -77.25,162 -77.25,162.5 -77.25,163 -77.25,163.5 -77.25,164 -77.25,164.5 -77.25,165 -77.25,165 -77.375,165 -77.5,165 -77.625,165 -77.75,165 -77.875,165 -78,165 -78.125,165 -78.25,165 -78.375,165 -78.5,164.5 -78.5,164 -78.5,163.5 -78.5,163 -78.5,162.5 -78.5,162 -78.5,161.5 -78.5,161 -78.5,160.5 -78.5,160 -78.5,160 -78.375,160 -78.25,160 -78.125,160 -78,160 -77.875,160 -77.75,160 -77.625,160 -77.5,160 -77.375,160 -77.25))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Intellectual Merit: Until recently, wetted soils in the Dry Valleys were generally only found adjacent to streams and lakes. Since the warm austral summer of 2002, numerous \"wet spots\" have been observed far from shorelines on relatively flat valley floor locations and as downslope fingers of flow on valley walls. The source of the water to wet these soils is unclear, as is the spatial and temporal pattern of occurrence from year to year. Their significance is potentially great as enhanced soil moisture may change the thermodynamics, hydrology, and erosion rate of surface soils, and facilitate transport of materials that had previously been stable. These changes to the soil active layer could significantly modify permafrost and ground ice stability within the Dry Valleys. The PIs seek to investigate these changes to address two competing hypotheses: that the source of water to these ?wet spots? is ground ice melt and that the source of this water is snowmelt. The PIs will document the spatiotemporal dynamics of these wet areas using high frequency remote sensing data from QuickBird and WorldView satellites to document the occurrence, dimensions, and growth of wet spots during the 2010-\u00ad11 and 2011-\u00ad12 austral summers. They will test their hypotheses by determining whether wet spots recur in the same locations in each season, and they will compare present to past distribution using archived imagery. They will also determine whether spatial snow accumulation patterns and temporal ablation patterns are coincident with wet spot formation. Broader impacts: One graduate student will be trained on this project. Findings will be reported at scientific meetings and published in peer reviewed journals. They will also develop a teaching module on remote sensing applications to hydrology for the Modular Curriculum for Hydrologic Advancement and an innovative prototype project designed to leverage public participation in mapping wet spots and snow patches across the Dry Valleys through the use of social media and mobile computing applications.\n", "east": 165.0, "geometry": ["POINT(162.5 -77.875)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Climate; Critical Zone; Dry Valleys; Radar; Soil Moisture", "locations": "Antarctica; Dry Valleys", "north": -77.25, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Gooseff, Michael N.", "project_titles": "EAGER: Are the Dry Valleys Getting Wetter? A Preliminary Assessment of Wetness Across the McMurdo Dry Valleys Landscape", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000471", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "EAGER: Are the Dry Valleys Getting Wetter? A Preliminary Assessment of Wetness Across the McMurdo Dry Valleys Landscape"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.5, "title": "Are the Dry Valleys Getting Wetter? A Preliminary Assessment of Wetness Across the McMurdo Dry Valleys Landscape", "uid": "600131", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "1244253 Hammer, William", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-165 -85,-164.5 -85,-164 -85,-163.5 -85,-163 -85,-162.5 -85,-162 -85,-161.5 -85,-161 -85,-160.5 -85,-160 -85,-160 -85.2,-160 -85.4,-160 -85.6,-160 -85.8,-160 -86,-160 -86.2,-160 -86.4,-160 -86.6,-160 -86.8,-160 -87,-160.5 -87,-161 -87,-161.5 -87,-162 -87,-162.5 -87,-163 -87,-163.5 -87,-164 -87,-164.5 -87,-165 -87,-165 -86.8,-165 -86.6,-165 -86.4,-165 -86.2,-165 -86,-165 -85.8,-165 -85.6,-165 -85.4,-165 -85.2,-165 -85))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This proposal requests support for research on Early Jurassic vertebrate fauna of the Beardmore Glacier region of Antarctica. The project will support preparation and systematic and paleobiological research on four Antarctic dinosaurs, including two new species, collected in the Central Transantarctic Mountains. With the new material Cryolophosaurus will become one of the most complete Early Jurassic theropods known, and thus has the potential to become a keystone taxon for resolving the debated early evolutionary history of theropod dinosaurs, the group that gave rise to birds. Two new dinosaur specimens include a nearly complete articulated skeleton of a juvenile sauropodomorph, and the articulated hip region of another small individual. Both appear to be new taxa. The dinosaurs from the Hanson Formation represent some of the highest paleolatitude vertebrates known from the Jurassic. The PIs will generate CT datasets for Cryolophosaurus and the more complete new sauropodomorph species to mine for phylogenetic trait information, and to investigate their comparative neuroanatomy and feeding behavior. Histological datasets will be generated from multiple skeletal elements for all four Mt. Kirkpatrick taxa to understand patterns of growth in different clades of polar dinosaurs and compare them to relatives from lower paleolatitudes. This paleohistological study of a relatively diverse sample of sauropodomorph taxa from Antarctica may contribute to determining whether and how these dinosaurs responded to contemporary climatic extremes.\n\nThe PIs have established a successful undergraduate training program as part of previous research. Summer interns from Augustana are trained at the Field Museum in specimen preparation, curation, molding/casting, and histological sampling. They also participate in existing Field Museum REU programs, including a course on phylogenetic systematics. Four undergraduate internships and student research projects will be supported through this proposal. The PIs will develop a traveling exhibit on Antarctic Mesozoic paleontology that they estimate will be seen by 2.5 million people over the five-year tour.\n", "east": -160.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-162.5 -86)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Beardmore Glacier; Biota; Dinosaurs; Fossil; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Beardmore Glacier; Transantarctic Mountains; Antarctica", "north": -85.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Hammer, William R.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Continued Research on the Jurassic Vertebrate Fauna from the Beardmore Glacier Region of Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000083", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Continued Research on the Jurassic Vertebrate Fauna from the Beardmore Glacier Region of Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -87.0, "title": "Continued Research on the Jurassic Vertebrate Fauna from the Beardmore Glacier Region of Antarctica", "uid": "600173", "west": -165.0}, {"awards": "0838970 Foreman, Christine", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(161.667 -77.117)"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Dissolved organic matter (DOM) comprises a significant pool of Earth\u0027s organic carbon that dwarfs the amount present in living aquatic organisms. The properties and reactivity of DOM are not well defined, and the evolution of autochthonous DOM from its precursor materials in freshwater has not been observed. Recent sampling of a supraglacial stream formed on the Cotton Glacier in the Transantarctic Mountains revealed DOM that more closely resembles an assemblage of recognizable precursor organic compounds, based upon its UV-VIS and fluorescence spectra. It is suggested that the DOM from this water evolved over time to resemble materials present in marine and many inland surface waters. The transient nature of the system i.e., it reforms seasonally, also prevents any accumulation of the refractory DOM present in most surface waters. Thus, the Cotton Glacier provides us with a unique environment to study the formation of DOM from precursor materials. An interdisciplinary team will study the biogeochemistry of this progenitor DOM and how microbes modify it. By focusing on the chemical composition of the DOM as it shifts from precursor material to the more humified fractions, the investigators will relate this transition to bioavailability, enzymatic activity, community composition and microbial growth efficiency. This project will support education at all levels, K-12, high school, undergraduate, graduate and post-doc and will increase participation by under-represented groups in science. Towards these goals, the investigators have established relationships with girls\u0027 schools and Native American programs. Additional outreach will be carried out in coordination with PolarTREC, PolarPalooza, and if possible, an Antarctic Artist and Writer.\n", "east": 161.667, "geometry": ["POINT(161.667 -77.117)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Microbiology", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -77.117, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Foreman, Christine", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: The Biogeochemical Evolution of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Fluvial System on the Cotton Glacier, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000458", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: The Biogeochemical Evolution of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Fluvial System on the Cotton Glacier, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.117, "title": "The Biogeochemical Evolution of Dissolved Organic Matter in a Fluvial System on the Cotton Glacier, Antarctica", "uid": "600104", "west": 161.667}, {"awards": "0739783 Junge, Karen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The mechanisms enabling bacteria to be metabolically active at very low temperatures are of considerable importance to polar microbial ecology, astrobiology, climate and cryopreservation. This research program has two main objectives. The first is to investigate metabolic activities and gene expression of polar marine psychrophilic bacteria when confronted with freezing conditions at temperatures above the eutectic of seawater (\u003c54C) to unveil cold adaptation mechanisms with relevance to wintertime sea-ice ecology. The second objective is to discern if psychrophilic processes of leucine incorporation into proteins, shown to occur to -196C, amount to metabolic activity providing for the survival of cells or are merely biochemical reactions still possible in flash-frozen samples without any effect on survival. We will examine extracellular and intracellular processes of psychrophilic activity above and below the eutectic by (i) determining the temperature range of metabolic activities such as DNA synthesis, carbon utilization, respiration and ATP generation using radioactive tracer technology, including a control at liquid helium temperature (-268.9C), (ii) analyzing gene expression in ice using whole genome and microarray analyses and iii) examining the role of exopolymeric substances (EPS) and ice micro-physics for the observed activity using an in-situ microscopy technique. Results of the proposed research can be expected to aid in the determination of cellular and genetic strategies that allow cells to maintain activity at extremely low temperatures within an icy matrix and/or to resume activity again when more growth-permissive conditions are encountered. The research is an interdisciplinary collaboration involving three different institutions with participants in Oceanography, Genomics, and Geophysical Sciences. The proposed activity will support the beginning professional career of a female researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Microbiology; Oceans; Sea Ice; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Junge, Karen", "project_titles": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000673", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Metabolic Activities and Gene Expression of Marine Psychrophiles in Cold Ice", "uid": "600083", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0838722 Reiners, Peter", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((61.9 -67.28,63.218 -67.28,64.536 -67.28,65.854 -67.28,67.172 -67.28,68.49 -67.28,69.808 -67.28,71.126 -67.28,72.444 -67.28,73.762 -67.28,75.08 -67.28,75.08 -67.922,75.08 -68.564,75.08 -69.206,75.08 -69.848,75.08 -70.49,75.08 -71.132,75.08 -71.774,75.08 -72.416,75.08 -73.058,75.08 -73.7,73.762 -73.7,72.444 -73.7,71.126 -73.7,69.808 -73.7,68.49 -73.7,67.172 -73.7,65.854 -73.7,64.536 -73.7,63.218 -73.7,61.9 -73.7,61.9 -73.058,61.9 -72.416,61.9 -71.774,61.9 -71.132,61.9 -70.49,61.9 -69.848,61.9 -69.206,61.9 -68.564,61.9 -67.922,61.9 -67.28))"], "date_created": "Sun, 01 Jan 2012 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Much of the inventory of East Antarctic bedrock geochronology, as well as a record of its erosional history, is preserved in Cenozoic sediments around its margin. This project is to use these sediments to understand their sub-ice provenance and the erosional history of the shield by measuring ages of multiple geo- and thermochronometers on single detrital crystals and on multiple crystals in detrital clasts (U/Pb, fission-track, and (U-Th)/He dating of zircon and apatite, and 40Ar/39Ar dating of hornblende, mica, and feldspar). The combination of multi-chronometer ages in single grains and clasts provides a powerful fingerprint of bedrock sources, allowing us to trace provenance in Eocene fluvial sandstones through Quaternary diamicts around the margin. Multiple thermochronometric (cooling) ages in the same grains and clasts also allows us to interpret the timing and rates of erosion from these bedrock sources. Delineating a distribution of bedrock age units, their sediment transport connections, and their erosional histories over the Cenozoic, will in turn allow us to test tectonic models bearing on: (1) the origin of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, (2) fluvial and topographic evolution, and (3) the history of glacial growth and erosion.\n", "east": 75.08, "geometry": ["POINT(68.49 -70.49)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Fission Track Thermochronology; Gamburtsev Mountains; Geochronology; Marine Sediments; NBP0101; ODP1166; ODP739; Prydz Bay; Solid Earth; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Gamburtsev Mountains; Prydz Bay", "north": -67.28, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Gehrels, George; Reiners, Peter; Thomson, Stuart", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Erosion History and Sediment Provenance of East Antarctica from Multi-method Detrital Geo- and Thermochronology", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000506", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Erosion History and Sediment Provenance of East Antarctica from Multi-method Detrital Geo- and Thermochronology"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -73.7, "title": "Erosion History and Sediment Provenance of East Antarctica from Multi-method Detrital Geo- and Thermochronology", "uid": "600093", "west": 61.9}, {"awards": "0838729 Hemming, Sidney", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-67.2 -58,-43.98 -58,-20.76 -58,2.46 -58,25.68 -58,48.9 -58,72.12 -58,95.34 -58,118.56 -58,141.78 -58,165 -58,165 -59.2,165 -60.4,165 -61.6,165 -62.8,165 -64,165 -65.2,165 -66.4,165 -67.6,165 -68.8,165 -70,141.78 -70,118.56 -70,95.34 -70,72.12 -70,48.9 -70,25.68 -70,2.46 -70,-20.76 -70,-43.98 -70,-67.2 -70,-67.2 -68.8,-67.2 -67.6,-67.2 -66.4,-67.2 -65.2,-67.2 -64,-67.2 -62.8,-67.2 -61.6,-67.2 -60.4,-67.2 -59.2,-67.2 -58))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Much of the inventory of East Antarctic bedrock geochronology, as well as a record of its erosional history, is preserved in Cenozoic sediments around its margin. This project is to use these sediments to understand their sub-ice provenance and the erosional history of the shield by measuring ages of multiple geo- and thermochronometers on single detrital crystals and on multiple crystals in detrital clasts (U/Pb, fission-track, and (U-Th)/He dating of zircon and apatite, and 40Ar/39Ar dating of hornblende, mica, and feldspar). The combination of multi-chronometer ages in single grains and clasts provides a powerful fingerprint of bedrock sources, allowing us to trace provenance in Eocene fluvial sandstones through Quaternary diamicts around the margin. Multiple thermochronometric (cooling) ages in the same grains and clasts also allows us to interpret the timing and rates of erosion from these bedrock sources. Delineating a distribution of bedrock age units, their sediment transport connections, and their erosional histories over the Cenozoic, will in turn allow us to test tectonic models bearing on: (1) the origin of the Gamburtsev Subglacial Mountains, (2) fluvial and topographic evolution, and (3) the history of glacial growth and erosion.", "east": 165.0, "geometry": ["POINT(48.9 -64)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Fission Track Thermochronology; Gamburtsev Mountains; Geochronology; Marine Sediments; Solid Earth; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Gamburtsev Mountains", "north": -58.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Hemming, Sidney R.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Erosion History and Sediment Provenance of East Antarctica from Multi-method Detrital Geo- and Thermochronology", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000506", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Erosion History and Sediment Provenance of East Antarctica from Multi-method Detrital Geo- and Thermochronology"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "Erosion History and Sediment Provenance of East Antarctica from Multi-method Detrital Geo- and Thermochronology", "uid": "600094", "west": -67.2}, {"awards": "0528728 Vernet, Maria", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-69.08 -64.8,-68.632 -64.8,-68.184 -64.8,-67.736 -64.8,-67.288 -64.8,-66.84 -64.8,-66.392 -64.8,-65.944 -64.8,-65.496 -64.8,-65.048 -64.8,-64.6 -64.8,-64.6 -65.121,-64.6 -65.442,-64.6 -65.763,-64.6 -66.084,-64.6 -66.405,-64.6 -66.726,-64.6 -67.047,-64.6 -67.368,-64.6 -67.689,-64.6 -68.01,-65.048 -68.01,-65.496 -68.01,-65.944 -68.01,-66.392 -68.01,-66.84 -68.01,-67.288 -68.01,-67.736 -68.01,-68.184 -68.01,-68.632 -68.01,-69.08 -68.01,-69.08 -67.689,-69.08 -67.368,-69.08 -67.047,-69.08 -66.726,-69.08 -66.405,-69.08 -66.084,-69.08 -65.763,-69.08 -65.442,-69.08 -65.121,-69.08 -64.8))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This collaborative study between the Desert Research Institute, the University of California, Santa Barbara (0529087; Robin Ross), and the University of California, San Diego (0528728; Maria Vernet) will examine the relationship between sea ice extent along the Antarctic Peninsula and the life history of krill (Euphausia superba), by developing, refining, and linking diagnostic datasets and models of phytoplankton decreases in the fall, phytoplankton biomass incorporation into sea ice, sea ice growth dynamics, sea ice algal production and biomass accumulation, and larval krill energetics, condition, and survival. Krill is a key species in the food web of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, and one that is intricately involved with seasonal sea ice dynamics. Results from the Southern Ocean experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program (SO-Globec) field work as well as historical information on sea ice dynamics and krill recruitment suggest a shift in the paradigm that all pack ice is equally good krill habitat. SO-Globec is a multidisciplinary effort focused on understanding the physical and biological factors that influence growth, reproduction, recruitment and survival of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The program uses a multi-trophic level approach that includes the predators and competitors of Antarctic krill, represented by other zooplankton, fish, penguins, seals, and cetaceans. This collaborative project is concerned with the synthesis and modeling of lower trophic levels.", "east": -64.6, "geometry": ["POINT(-66.84 -66.405)"], "keywords": "Bellingshausen Sea; Biota; Oceans; Phytoplankton; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Bellingshausen Sea", "north": -64.8, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Vernet, Maria", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000522", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.01, "title": "The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "uid": "600048", "west": -69.08}, {"awards": "0529087 Ross, Robin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-71 -61,-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-61 -61.9,-61 -62.8,-61 -63.7,-61 -64.6,-61 -65.5,-61 -66.4,-61 -67.3,-61 -68.2,-61 -69.1,-61 -70,-62 -70,-63 -70,-64 -70,-65 -70,-66 -70,-67 -70,-68 -70,-69 -70,-70 -70,-71 -70,-71 -69.1,-71 -68.2,-71 -67.3,-71 -66.4,-71 -65.5,-71 -64.6,-71 -63.7,-71 -62.8,-71 -61.9,-71 -61))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This collaborative study between the Desert Research Institute, the University of California, Santa Barbara (0529087; Robin Ross), and the University of California, San Diego (0528728; Maria Vernet) will examine the relationship between sea ice extent along the Antarctic Peninsula and the life history of krill (Euphausia superba), by developing, refining, and linking diagnostic datasets and models of phytoplankton decreases in the fall, phytoplankton biomass incorporation into sea ice, sea ice growth dynamics, sea ice algal production and biomass accumulation, and larval krill energetics, condition, and survival. Krill is a key species in the food web of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, and one that is intricately involved with seasonal sea ice dynamics. Results from the Southern Ocean experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program (SO-Globec) field work as well as historical information on sea ice dynamics and krill recruitment suggest a shift in the paradigm that all pack ice is equally good krill habitat. SO-Globec is a multidisciplinary effort focused on understanding the physical and biological factors that influence growth, reproduction, recruitment and survival of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The program uses a multi-trophic level approach that includes the predators and competitors of Antarctic krill, represented by other zooplankton, fish, penguins, seals, and cetaceans. This collaborative project is concerned with the synthesis and modeling of lower trophic levels.", "east": -61.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-66 -65.5)"], "keywords": "Bellingshausen Sea; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Bellingshausen Sea; Southern Ocean", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Quetin, Langdon B.; Ross, Robin Macurda", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000522", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "uid": "600049", "west": -71.0}, {"awards": "0529666 Fritsen, Christian", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -39.23,-144 -39.23,-108 -39.23,-72 -39.23,-36 -39.23,0 -39.23,36 -39.23,72 -39.23,108 -39.23,144 -39.23,180 -39.23,180 -44.307,180 -49.384,180 -54.461,180 -59.538,180 -64.615,180 -69.692,180 -74.769,180 -79.846,180 -84.923,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -84.923,-180 -79.846,-180 -74.769,-180 -69.692,-180 -64.615,-180 -59.538,-180 -54.461,-180 -49.384,-180 -44.307,-180 -39.23))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This collaborative study between the Desert Research Institute, the University of California, Santa Barbara (0529087; Robin Ross), and the University of California, San Diego (0528728; Maria Vernet) will examine the relationship between sea ice extent along the Antarctic Peninsula and the life history of krill (Euphausia superba), by developing, refining, and linking diagnostic datasets and models of phytoplankton decreases in the fall, phytoplankton biomass incorporation into sea ice, sea ice growth dynamics, sea ice algal production and biomass accumulation, and larval krill energetics, condition, and survival. Krill is a key species in the food web of the Southern Ocean ecosystem, and one that is intricately involved with seasonal sea ice dynamics. Results from the Southern Ocean experiment of the Global Ocean Ecosystems Dynamics program (SO-Globec) field work as well as historical information on sea ice dynamics and krill recruitment suggest a shift in the paradigm that all pack ice is equally good krill habitat. SO-Globec is a multidisciplinary effort focused on understanding the physical and biological factors that influence growth, reproduction, recruitment and survival of Antarctic krill (Euphausia superba). The program uses a multi-trophic level approach that includes the predators and competitors of Antarctic krill, represented by other zooplankton, fish, penguins, seals, and cetaceans. It is currently in a synthesis and modeling phase. This collaborative project is concerned with the lower trophic levels, and will be integrated with other synthesis and modeling studies that deal with grazers, predators, and other higher trophic levels.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Bellingshausen Sea; Cryosphere; Oceans; Photosynthetically Active Radiation (par); Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean; Total Integrated Exposure To PAR", "locations": "Bellingshausen Sea; Southern Ocean; Sea Surface", "north": -39.23, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Fritsen, Christian", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000522", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: U.S. SO GLOBEC Synthesis and Modeling: Timing is Everything: The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "The Dynamic Coupling among Phytoplankton, Ice, Ice Algae and Krill (PIIAK)", "uid": "600050", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0632389 Murray, Alison", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-65.3827 -64.4213,-65.13333 -64.4213,-64.88396 -64.4213,-64.63459 -64.4213,-64.38522 -64.4213,-64.13585 -64.4213,-63.88648 -64.4213,-63.63711 -64.4213,-63.38774 -64.4213,-63.13837 -64.4213,-62.889 -64.4213,-62.889 -64.47176,-62.889 -64.52222,-62.889 -64.57268,-62.889 -64.62314,-62.889 -64.6736,-62.889 -64.72406,-62.889 -64.77452,-62.889 -64.82498,-62.889 -64.87544,-62.889 -64.9259,-63.13837 -64.9259,-63.38774 -64.9259,-63.63711 -64.9259,-63.88648 -64.9259,-64.13585 -64.9259,-64.38522 -64.9259,-64.63459 -64.9259,-64.88396 -64.9259,-65.13333 -64.9259,-65.3827 -64.9259,-65.3827 -64.87544,-65.3827 -64.82498,-65.3827 -64.77452,-65.3827 -64.72406,-65.3827 -64.6736,-65.3827 -64.62314,-65.3827 -64.57268,-65.3827 -64.52222,-65.3827 -64.47176,-65.3827 -64.4213))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Jan 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Western Antarctic Peninsula is experiencing one of the most rapid rates of climate warming on Earth, with an increase of 5degrees C in the mean winter temperature in 50 years. Impacts on upper trophic levels are evident, though there have been few, if any studies that have considered the impacts on bacterioplankton in the Southern Ocean. This proposal will characterize the winter bacterioplankton genome, transcriptome, and proteome and discover those features (community composition, genes up-regulated, and proteins expressed) that are essential to winter bacterioplankton survival and livelihood. We have assembled a polar ocean ecology and genomics network including strategic partnerships with Palmer LTER, the British Antarctic Survey\u0027s ocean metagenome program, US and Canadian scientists studying the Arctic Ocean genome, an Australian colleague who specialized in archaeal proteomics, and French colleagues studying Sub-Antarctic and Coastal Adelie Land marine bacterioplankton. The primary objectives of this program are: 1 Describe the differences in diversity and genomic content between austral winter and summer bacterioplankton communities. 2. Investigate the winter-time bacterioplankton growth and cellular signals (mRNA and proteins expressed) in order to understand the specific adaptations key to survival. Our results will extend from the Antarctic to the Arctic - as the cold, dark, carbon-limited deep seas linking these two systems have many common features. Education and outreach activities target (i) undergraduate and graduate students, hopefully including minority students recruited through the Diversity in Research in Environmental and Marine Sciences (DREAMS) Program at VIMS; (ii) a broad audience with our education and outreach partnerships with The Cousteau Society and with the Census for Antarctic Marine Life program. Data and links to external databases will be listed on the http://genex2.dri.edu website. Sequence data will be publicly accessible in GenBank and IMG-M databases.", "east": -62.889, "geometry": ["POINT(-64.13585 -64.6736)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -64.4213, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Grzymski, Joseph; Murray, Alison", "project_titles": "IPY: Bacterioplankton Genomic Adaptations to Antarctic Winter", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000091", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "IPY: Bacterioplankton Genomic Adaptations to Antarctic Winter"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.9259, "title": "IPY: Bacterioplankton Genomic Adaptations to Antarctic Winter", "uid": "600061", "west": -65.3827}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin weighbridge data 1994-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600014", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Daily weather observations 1996-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600015", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin dive data 1999-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600013", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin banding data 1994-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600005", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin chick measurements 1996 - 2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600006", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": "Biota", "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin chick counts 1997-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600007", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin diet data 1996 - 2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600008", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin Geolocation Sensor data 2003-2007 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600009", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin satellite position data 2000-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600012", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": "Biota; Oceans", "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Leopard Seal counts 1997-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600010", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0439759 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "date_created": "Tue, 19 May 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project is an international collaborative investigation of geographic structuring, founding of new colonies, and population change of Adelie penguins (Pygoscelis adelia) nesting on Ross and Beaufort islands, Antarctica. This ongoing study will continue to consider the relative importance of resources that constrain or enhance colony growth (nesting habitat, access to food); the aspects of natural history that are affected by exploitative or interference competition among neighboring colonies (breeding success, foraging effort); climatic factors that influence the latter, especially sea ice patterns; and behavioral mechanisms that influence colony growth as a function of initial size and location (emigration, immigration). The research includes a census of known-age penguins, studies of foraging effort and overlap among colonies; and identification of the location of molting and wintering areas. ", "east": 166.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166 -77)"], "keywords": null, "locations": null, "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant", "project_titles": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000318", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "COLLABORATIVE: Adelie Penguin Response to Climate Change at the Individual, Colony and Metapopulation Levels"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Adelie penguin resighting data 1997-2009 from the California Avian Data Center hosted by Point Reyes Bird Observatory Conservation Science", "uid": "600011", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "0440478 Tang, Kam", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.66267 -77.85067)"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Phaeocystis Antarctica is a widely distributed phytoplankton that forms dense blooms and aggregates in the Southern Ocean. This phytoplankton and plays important roles in polar ecology and biogeochemistry, in part because it is a dominant primary producer, a main component of organic matter vertical fluxes, and the principal producer of volatile organic sulfur in the region. Yet P. Antarctica is also one of the lesser known species in terms of its physiology, life history and trophic relationships with other organisms; furthermore, information collected on other Phaeocystis species and from different locations may not be applicable to P. Antarctica in the Ross Sea. P. Antarctica occurs mainly as two morphotypes: solitary cells and mucilaginous colonies, which differ significantly in size, architecture and chemical composition. Relative dominance between solitary cells and colonies determines not only the size spectrum of the population, but also its carbon dynamics, nutrient uptake and utilization. Conventional thinking of the planktonic trophic processes is also challenged by the fact that colony formation could effectively alter the predator-prey interactions and interspecific competition. However, the factors that regulate the differences between solitary and colonial forms of P. Antarctica are not well-understood. \n\nThe research objective of this proposal is therefore to address these over-arching questions: \n1. Do P. Antarctica solitary cells and colonies differ in growth, composition and photosynthetic rates? 2. How do nutrients and grazers affect colony development and size distribution of P. Antarctica? \n3. How do nutrients and grazers act synergistically to affect the long-term population dynamics of P. Antarctica? \n\nExperiments will be conducted in the McMurdo station with natural P. Antarctica assemblages and co-occurring grazers. Laboratory experiments will be conducted to study size-specific growth and photosynthetic rates of P. Antarctica, size-specific grazing mortality due to microzooplankton and mesozooplankton, the effects of macronutrients on the (nitrogen compounds) relative dominance of solitary cells and colonies, and the effects of micronutrient (Fe) and grazing related chemical signals on P. Antarctica colony development. Because this species is of critical importance in the Southern Ocean, and because this research will provide critical information on factors that regulate the role of P.Antarctica in food webs and biogeochemical cycles, a major gap in knowledge will be addressed. This project will train two marine science Ph.D. students. The investigators will also collaborate with the School of Education and a marine science museum to communicate polar science to a broader audience.", "east": 166.66267, "geometry": ["POINT(166.66267 -77.85067)"], "keywords": "Biota; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Phytoplankton; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Zooplankton", "locations": "Southern Ocean; McMurdo Sound; Ross Sea", "north": -77.85067, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Smith, Walker; Tang, Kam", "project_titles": "Environmental and Ecological Regulation of Differences and Interactions between Solitary and Colonial forms of Phaeocystis antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000214", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Environmental and Ecological Regulation of Differences and Interactions between Solitary and Colonial forms of Phaeocystis antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.85067, "title": "Environmental and Ecological Regulation of Differences and Interactions between Solitary and Colonial Forms of Phaeocystis Antarctica", "uid": "600043", "west": 166.66267}, {"awards": "0230276 Ward, Bess", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((162 -77.2,162.16 -77.2,162.32 -77.2,162.48 -77.2,162.64 -77.2,162.8 -77.2,162.96 -77.2,163.12 -77.2,163.28 -77.2,163.44 -77.2,163.6 -77.2,163.6 -77.26,163.6 -77.32,163.6 -77.38,163.6 -77.44,163.6 -77.5,163.6 -77.56,163.6 -77.62,163.6 -77.68,163.6 -77.74,163.6 -77.8,163.44 -77.8,163.28 -77.8,163.12 -77.8,162.96 -77.8,162.8 -77.8,162.64 -77.8,162.48 -77.8,162.32 -77.8,162.16 -77.8,162 -77.8,162 -77.74,162 -77.68,162 -77.62,162 -77.56,162 -77.5,162 -77.44,162 -77.38,162 -77.32,162 -77.26,162 -77.2))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Denitrification is the main process by which fixed nitrogen is lost from ecosystems and the regulation of this process may directly affect primary production and carbon cycling over short and long time scales. Previous investigations of the role of bioactive metals in regulating denitrification in bacteria from permanently ice-covered Lake Bonney in the Taylor Valley of East Antarctica indicated that denitrifying bacteria can be negatively affected by metals such as copper, iron, cadmium, lead, chromium, nickel, silver and zinc; and that there is a distinct difference in denitrifying activity between the east and west lobes of the lake. \n\nLow iron concentrations were found to exacerbate the potential toxicity of the other metals, while silver has the potential to specifically inhibit denitrification because of its ability to interfere with copper binding in redox proteins, such as nitrite reductase and nitrous oxide reductase. High silver concentrations might prevent the functioning of nitrous oxide reductase in the same way that simple copper limitation does, thereby causing the buildup of nitrous oxide and resulting in a nonfunctional nitrogen cycle. Other factors, such as oxygen concentration, are likely also to affect bacterial activity in Lake Bonney.\n\nThis project will investigate silver toxicity, general metal toxicity and oxygen concentration to determine their effect on denitrification in the lake by using a suite of \u0027sentinel\u0027 strains of denitrifying bacteria (isolated from the lake) incubated in Lake Bonney water and subjected to various treatments. The physiological responses of these strains to changes in metal and oxygen concentration will be quantified by flow cytometric detection of single cell molecular probes whose sensitivity and interpretation have been optimized for the sentinel strains. Understanding the relationships between metals and denitrification is expected to enhance our understanding of not only Lake Bonney\u0027s unusual nitrogen cycle, but more generally, of the potential role of metals in the regulation of microbial nitrogen transformations. The broader impacts of this work include not only a better understanding of regional biogeochemistry and global perspectives on these processes; but also the training of graduate students and a substantial outreach effort for school children.", "east": 163.6, "geometry": ["POINT(162.8 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; CTD Data; Dry Valleys; Lake Bonney; Lake Vanda; Microbiology; Taylor Valley", "locations": "Taylor Valley; Lake Vanda; Lake Bonney; Dry Valleys; Antarctica", "north": -77.2, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Ward, Bess", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: What Limits Denitrification and Bacterial Growth in Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica?", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000223", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: What Limits Denitrification and Bacterial Growth in Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica?"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.8, "title": "What Limits Denitrification and Bacterial Growth in Lake Bonney, Taylor Valley, Antarctica?", "uid": "600033", "west": 162.0}, {"awards": "0440954 Miller, Molly", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((159 -76.61667,159.05 -76.61667,159.1 -76.61667,159.15 -76.61667,159.2 -76.61667,159.25 -76.61667,159.3 -76.61667,159.35 -76.61667,159.4 -76.61667,159.45 -76.61667,159.5 -76.61667,159.5 -76.630003,159.5 -76.643336,159.5 -76.656669,159.5 -76.670002,159.5 -76.683335,159.5 -76.696668,159.5 -76.710001,159.5 -76.723334,159.5 -76.736667,159.5 -76.75,159.45 -76.75,159.4 -76.75,159.35 -76.75,159.3 -76.75,159.25 -76.75,159.2 -76.75,159.15 -76.75,159.1 -76.75,159.05 -76.75,159 -76.75,159 -76.736667,159 -76.723334,159 -76.710001,159 -76.696668,159 -76.683335,159 -76.670002,159 -76.656669,159 -76.643336,159 -76.630003,159 -76.61667))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project studies fossils from two to three hundred million year old rocks in the Allan Hills area of Antarctica. Similar deposits from lower latitudes have been used to develop a model of Permo-Triassic climate, wherein melting of continental glaciers in the early Permian leads to the establishment of forests in a cold, wet climate. Conditions became warmer and dryer by the early Triassic, inhibiting plant growth until a moistening climate in the late Triassic allowed plant to flourish once again. This project will test and refine this model and investigate the general effects of climate change on landscapes and ecosystems using the unique exposures and well-preserved fossil and sediment records in the Allan Hills area. The area will be searched for fossil forests, vertebrate tracks and burrows, arthropod trackways, and subaqueously produced biogenic structures, which have been found in other areas of Antarctica. Finds will be integrated with previous paleobiologic studies to reconstruct and interpret ecosystems and their changes. Structures and rock types documenting the end phases of continental glaciation and other major episodic sedimentations will also be described and interpreted. This project contributes to understanding the: (1) evolution of terrestrial and freshwater ecosystems and how they were affected by the end-Permian extinction, (2) abundance and diversity of terrestrial and aquatic arthropods at high latitudes, (3) paleogeographic distribution and evolution of vertebrates and invertebrates as recorded by trace and body fossils; and (3) response of landscapes to changes in climate. In terms of broader impacts, this project will provide an outstanding introduction to field research for graduate and undergraduate students, and generate related opportunities for several undergraduates. It will also stimulate exchange of ideas among research and primarily undergraduate institutions. Novel outreach activities are also planned to convey Earth history to the general public, including a short film on the research process and products, and paintings by a professional scientific illustrator of Permo-Traissic landscapes and ecosystems.", "east": 159.5, "geometry": ["POINT(159.25 -76.683335)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Paleontology; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Solid Earth", "locations": "Antarctica; Allan Hills", "north": -76.61667, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Miller, Molly", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing the High Latitude Permian-Triassic: Life, Landscapes, and Climate Recorded in the Allan Hills, South Victoria Land, Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000207", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Reconstructing the High Latitude Permian-Triassic: Life, Landscapes, and Climate Recorded in the Allan Hills, South Victoria Land, Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.75, "title": "Reconstructing the High Latitude Permian-Triassic: Life, Landscapes, and Climate Recorded in the Allan Hills, South Victoria Land, Antarctica", "uid": "600045", "west": 159.0}, {"awards": "0739452 Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161 -76,161.2 -76,161.4 -76,161.6 -76,161.8 -76,162 -76,162.2 -76,162.4 -76,162.6 -76,162.8 -76,163 -76,163 -76.2,163 -76.4,163 -76.6,163 -76.8,163 -77,163 -77.2,163 -77.4,163 -77.6,163 -77.8,163 -78,162.8 -78,162.6 -78,162.4 -78,162.2 -78,162 -78,161.8 -78,161.6 -78,161.4 -78,161.2 -78,161 -78,161 -77.8,161 -77.6,161 -77.4,161 -77.2,161 -77,161 -76.8,161 -76.6,161 -76.4,161 -76.2,161 -76))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This project seeks to answer a simple question: how old are potholes and related geomorphic features found in the uplands of the McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica? Some research suggests that they are over ten million years old and date the growth of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet, the world\u0027s largest. However, some evidence suggests that these are young, erosional features that continuing to evolve to this day. This project uses cosmogenic nuclide dating to determine the age of the pothole floors. The results are important for determining the ice sheet?s history and interpreting the O-isotope record from the marine sediment cores, key records of global climate. Broader impacts include K12 outreach and incorporation of outcomes into university courses.", "east": 163.0, "geometry": ["POINT(162 -77)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cosmogenic Dating; Dry Valleys; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Paleoclimate; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Solid Earth", "locations": "Dry Valleys; Antarctica", "north": -76.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Mukhopadhyay, Sujoy", "project_titles": "Landform Evolution in the Dry Valleys and its implications for Miocene-Pliocene Climate Change in Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000461", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Landform Evolution in the Dry Valleys and its implications for Miocene-Pliocene Climate Change in Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Landform Evolution in the Dry Valleys and its implications for Miocene-Pliocene Climate Change in Antarctica", "uid": "600074", "west": 161.0}]

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