{"dp_type": "Dataset", "free_text": "GIS"}
[{"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 13 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Blue-ice areas (BIAs) and their geographical distribution in Antarctica were mapped using Landsat-7 ETM+ images with 15 m spatial resolution obtained during the 1999\u20132003 austral summers and covering the area north of 82.5\u00b0 S, and a snow grain-size image of the MODIS-based Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) dataset with 125 m grid spacing acquired during the 2003/04 austral summer from 82.5\u00b0S to the South Pole. A map of BIAs was created with algorithms of thresholds based on band ratio and reflectance for ETM+ data and thresholds based on snow grain size for the MOA dataset. The underlying principle is that blue ice can be separated from snow or rock by their spectral discrepancies and by different grain sizes of snow and ice. We estimate the total area of BIAs in Antarctica during the data acquisition period is 234 549 km2, or 1.67% of the area of the continent. Blue ice is scattered widely over the continent but is generally located in coastal or mountainous regions. The BIA dataset presented in this study is the first map covering the entire Antarctic continent sourced solely from ETM+ and MODIS data. Support by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 41106157) and NASA grant NNX10AL42G (nsidc0549_hui_V0).", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Blue Ice; GIS; Glaciology; LANDSAT; MODIS; Remote Sensing; Snow/ice; Snow/Ice", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Hui, Fengming; Scambos, Ted", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Distribution of blue ice areas in Antarctica derived from Landsat ETM+ and Modis images", "uid": "601742", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1745078 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"], "date_created": "Thu, 05 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes measurements of atmospheric methane from samples from the NEEM, GISP2 and WAIS Divide ice cores. All measurements were made at the Oregon State University Ice Core and Quaternary Geochemistry Laboratory (Corvallis, OR) using an established analytical system. 433 samples from the NEEM ice core were measured between 1420 and 1560m depths. A measurement uncertainty ranging from 2.8 to 4.2 ppb, depending on the measurement year, was determined from replicate samples. 340 samples from the GISP2 ice core were measured between 1740 and 2060m depths. A measurement uncertainty ranging from 3.1 to 3.4 ppb, depending on the measurement year, was determined from replicate samples. All GISP2 and NEEM data were corrected for excess methane contamination using the established relationship between excess methane and Ca2+ (Lee et al., 2020). Both corrected and uncorrected data are included in the publication. 340 samples from the GISP2 ice core were measured between 1957 and 3081m depths. A measurement uncertainty ranging from 3.1 to 3.4 ppb, depending on the measurement year, was determined from replicate samples. Depths reflect the mid-points of the depth range of each samples, which is typically ~8cm. All replicate measurements are included in the dataset.\r\n\r\nLee, J. E. et al. Excess methane in Greenland ice cores associated with high dust concentrations. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta 270, 409-430 (2020).", "east": -112.05, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Greenland; Ice Core Records; Methane; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica; Greenland", "north": -79.28, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Riddell-Young, Benjamin; Martin, Kaden; Rosen, Julia; Lee, James; Edwards, Jon S.; Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010416", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.28, "title": "Atmospheric methane across the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation from the GISP2, NEEM and WAIS Divide ice cores ", "uid": "601737", "west": -112.05}, {"awards": "1745078 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"], "date_created": "Mon, 02 Oct 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes estimates of the atmospheric methane relative interpolar difference (rIPD) across the Last Glacial Maximum and Deglaciation. The rIPD was calculated using discrete, high-resolution methane measurements from the WAIS Divide, NEEM and GISP2 ice cores. Two independent IPD records were determined: One using NEEM and WAIS and one using GISP2 and WAIS. The dataset includes rIPD values calculated using both Greenland methane data both corrected and uncorrected for excess methane (Lee et al., 2020). The rIPD was calculated by smoothing each methane record and synchronizing them to the WD2014 gas age scale. 1-sigma rIPD uncertainties are included. This dataset also includes the output of the four-box troposphere model used to interpret the rIPD. For both excess methane-corrected records, the model output and 1-sigma uncertainty is provided for northern extratropical (30N - 90N) and total tropical (30S - 30N) sources in Tg yr-1. For the NEEM-derived rIPD, sections of the rIPD where atmospheric methane changed rapidly were deemed untrustworthy were removed from the dataset.\r\n\r\nLee, J. E. et al. Excess methane in Greenland ice cores associated with high dust concentrations. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta 270, 409-430 (2020).", "east": -112.05, "geometry": ["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Greenland; Methane; Paleoclimate; West Antarctic Ice Sheet", "locations": "Greenland; West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica", "north": -79.28, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Riddell-Young, Benjamin; Rosen, Julia; Buizert, Christo; Martin, Kaden; Lee, James; Edwards, Jon S.; M\u00fchl, Michaela; Schmitt, Jochen; Fischer, Hubertus; Blunier, Thomas; Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010416", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.28, "title": "Atmospheric methane interpolar difference and four-box troposphere model output across the Last Glacial Maximum and Deglaciation", "uid": "601736", "west": -112.05}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"], "date_created": "Wed, 11 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset a CSV file containing the percentages of water (non-land) pixels within various sized buffers (100, 300, 3,000 and 10,000 m radii) buffers around fifteen sampling sites that were classified as being either Sea Ice or Cloud in the Antarctic Landsat Views collection housed within Esri\u2019s curated Living Atlas of the world which is a collection of ready-to-use global geographic content. The encompass a portion of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. This dataset was developed in support of projects ANT-1744550, -744570, -1744584, and -1744602.", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; GIS; LANDSAT; LMG1904; Remote Sensing; R/v Laurence M. Gould", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Landsat Sea Ice/Cloud classifications surrounding project study sites", "uid": "601654", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-78 -60,-74.6 -60,-71.2 -60,-67.8 -60,-64.4 -60,-61 -60,-57.6 -60,-54.2 -60,-50.8 -60,-47.400000000000006 -60,-44 -60,-44 -61.3,-44 -62.6,-44 -63.9,-44 -65.2,-44 -66.5,-44 -67.8,-44 -69.1,-44 -70.4,-44 -71.7,-44 -73,-47.4 -73,-50.8 -73,-54.2 -73,-57.6 -73,-61 -73,-64.4 -73,-67.8 -73,-71.2 -73,-74.6 -73,-78 -73,-78 -71.7,-78 -70.4,-78 -69.1,-78 -67.8,-78 -66.5,-78 -65.2,-78 -63.9,-78 -62.6,-78 -61.3,-78 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 06 Jan 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset comprises a series of geotiff grids of modelled solar radiation (Wh m-2 day-1) for a portion of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. The grids were generated using the r.sun module in Grass GIS. In addition to the a geotiff grid representing the average daily global horizontal irradiance for an entire year, the dataset also includes geotiffs containing daily values of direct beam irradiance, diffuse irradiance, ground reflected irradiance, and global (total) irradiance (all in Wh m-2 day-1) as well as insolation time (hours). This dataset was created in support of projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602.", "east": -44.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-61 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; GIS; GIS Data; LMG1904; R/v Laurence M. Gould; Solar Radiation", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -73.0, "title": "Modelled Solar Irradiance for Western Antarctic Pennisula", "uid": "601651", "west": -78.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-78 -60,-74.6 -60,-71.2 -60,-67.8 -60,-64.4 -60,-61 -60,-57.6 -60,-54.2 -60,-50.8 -60,-47.400000000000006 -60,-44 -60,-44 -61.3,-44 -62.6,-44 -63.9,-44 -65.2,-44 -66.5,-44 -67.8,-44 -69.1,-44 -70.4,-44 -71.7,-44 -73,-47.4 -73,-50.8 -73,-54.2 -73,-57.6 -73,-61 -73,-64.4 -73,-67.8 -73,-71.2 -73,-74.6 -73,-78 -73,-78 -71.7,-78 -70.4,-78 -69.1,-78 -67.8,-78 -66.5,-78 -65.2,-78 -63.9,-78 -62.6,-78 -61.3,-78 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset contains gridded sea ice concentrations developed from vector GIS National Ice Center (NIC) Charts for a portion of the western Antarctic Peninsula. This dataset was developed in support of projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602. It contains geotif files containing the minimum, maximum, and midpoint (average) sea ice concentrations in tenths calculated from NIC vector GIS layers for the 2008-2019 time period.", "east": -44.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-61 -66.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; LMG1904; National Ice Center Charts; R/v Laurence M. Gould; Sea Ice Concentration", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -73.0, "title": "Gridded sea ice concentrations from National Ice Center (NIC) Charts 2014-2019 for Western Antarctic Peninsula ", "uid": "601643", "west": -78.0}, {"awards": "1744584 Klein, Andrew", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"], "date_created": "Thu, 29 Dec 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This csv dataset includes the fetch distances for the 15 study sites visited by projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602 during ARSV Laurence M. Gould cruise LMG 19-04 in April and May 2019. The fetch distances were computed for each of the following eight cardinal directions (0\u00b0,45\u00b0,90\u00b0,135\u00b0,180\u00b0,225\u00b0,270\u00b0,315\u00b0). The fetches are all reported in meters (m). Fetch was determined by computing the distance along each of the eight directions to the nearest shoreline based on a 100 m resolution land/water grid. The grid was constructed using a vector-to-raster conversion of the Scientific Council of Antarctic Research (SCAR) Antarctic Digital Database\u2019s High resolution vector polylines of the Antarctic coastline. The fetch computations utilized an ArcGIS toolbox based on code by Finlayson (2006) that computes fetch using the recommended procedures from the US Army Corp of Engineers Shore Protection Manual (USACE, 1984).\r\nFinlayson, D.P. 2006. The geomorphology of Puget Sound beaches. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Washington, Seattle. 216 p.\r\nGerrish, L., Fretwell, P., \u0026 Cooper, P. (2021). High resolution vector polylines of the Antarctic coastline (7.4) [Data set]. UK Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research \u0026 Innovation. https://doi.org/10.5285/e46be5bc-ef8e-4fd5-967b-92863fbe2835\u0027.\r\nUSACE, 1984. Shore Protection Manual, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia.\r\n", "east": -60.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-65 -65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Fetch; LMG1904; R/v Laurence M. Gould", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula", "north": -61.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Klein, Andrew", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010104", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -69.0, "title": "Computed fetch for project study sites", "uid": "601639", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1834986 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165 -77,165.5 -77,166 -77,166.5 -77,167 -77,167.5 -77,168 -77,168.5 -77,169 -77,169.5 -77,170 -77,170 -77.1,170 -77.2,170 -77.3,170 -77.4,170 -77.5,170 -77.6,170 -77.7,170 -77.8,170 -77.9,170 -78,169.5 -78,169 -78,168.5 -78,168 -78,167.5 -78,167 -78,166.5 -78,166 -78,165.5 -78,165 -78,165 -77.9,165 -77.8,165 -77.7,165 -77.6,165 -77.5,165 -77.4,165 -77.3,165 -77.2,165 -77.1,165 -77))"], "date_created": "Fri, 07 Oct 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "These data are results from a novel multirobot path-planning method for conducting aerial surveys over large areas designed to make the best use of limited flight time. We implemented our planning algorithm with a team of drones to conduct multiple photographic aerial wildlife surveys of Cape Crozier, one of the largest Ad\u00e9lie penguin colonies in the world containing more than 300,000 nesting pairs. We used the same technique at the two smaller Ad\u00e9lie penguin colonies on Ross Island (Cape Bird and Cape Royds). At Cape Crozier, over 2 square kilometers was surveyed in about 3 hours. In contrast, previous human-piloted single-drone surveys of the same colony required over 2 days to complete. The resulting data are geo-referenced, 3d images of penguin colonies created from the UAV imagery. Raw images were stitched together using Metashape (https://www.agisoft.com/).", "east": 170.0, "geometry": ["POINT(167.5 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Aerial Imagery; Aerial Survey; Antarctica; Biota; Geotiff; Penguin; Photo/video; Photo/Video; Population Count; Ross Island; UAV", "locations": "Antarctica; Ross Island", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Ballard, Grant; Schmidt, Annie; Shah, Kunal", "project_titles": "Does Nest Density Matter? Using Novel Technology to Collect Whole-colony Data on Adelie Penguins.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010178", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Does Nest Density Matter? Using Novel Technology to Collect Whole-colony Data on Adelie Penguins."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Orthomosaics of Ross Island Penguin Colonies 2019 - 2021", "uid": "601612", "west": 165.0}, {"awards": "1644277 Aschwanden, Andy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 14 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "A Python/numpy plugin for QGIS by Andy Aschwanden and Constantine Khrulev that implements the Linear Theory of Orographic Precipitation following Smith \u0026 Barstad (2004).", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Aschwanden, Andy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Feedbacks between Orographic Precipitation and Ice Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010348", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Feedbacks between Orographic Precipitation and Ice Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Linear Theory of Orographic Precipitation QGIS Plugin", "uid": "601590", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1246407 Jenouvrier, Stephanie; 1840058 Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Mon, 27 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Individuals differ in many ways. Most produce few offspring; a handful produce many. Some\r\ndie early; others live to old age. It is tempting to attribute these differences in outcomes to differences in individual traits, and thus in the demographic rates experienced. However, there is\r\nmore to individual variation than meets the eye of the biologist. Even among individuals sharing identical traits, life history outcomes (life expectancy and lifetime reproduction) will vary due\r\nto individual stochasticity, i.e., to chance. Quantifying the contributions of heterogeneity and\r\nchance is essential to understanding natural variability. Inter-individual differences vary across environmental conditions, hence heterogeneity and stochasticity depend on environmental conditions. We show that favorable conditions increase the contributions of individual stochasticity, and reduce the contributions of heterogeneity, to variance in demographic outcomes in a seabird population. The opposite is true under poor conditions. This result has important consequence for understanding the ecology and evolution of life history strategies.\r\n\r\nSpecifically, three life-history complexes exist in a population of southern fulmar (defined as sets of life-history characteristics that occur together through the lifetime of an individual). They are reminiscent of the gradient of life- history strategy observed among species:\r\n\r\n1. Group 1 (14% of offspring at fledging) is a slow-paced life history where individuals tend to delay recruitment, recruit successfully, and extend their reproductive lifespan.\r\n2. Group 2 (67% of offspring at fledging) consists of individuals that are less likely to recruit, have high adult survival, and skip breeding often.\r\n3. Group 3 (19% of offspring at fledging) is a fast-paced life history where individuals recruit early and attempt to breed often but have a short lifespan.\r\n\r\nIndividuals in groups 1 and 3 are considered \u201chigh-quality\u201d individuals because they produce, on average, more offspring over their lives than do individuals in group 2. But group 2 is made-up of individuals that experience the highest levels of adult survival.\r\n \r\nDifferences between these groups, i.e. individual heterogeneity, only explains a small fraction of variance in life expectancy (5.9%) and lifetime reproduction (22%) when environmental conditions are ordinary. We expect that the environmental context experienced, especially when environmental conditions get extreme, is key to characterizing individual heterogeneity and its contribution to life history outcomes. Here, we build on previous studies to quantify the impact of extreme environmental conditions on the relative contributions of individual heterogeneity and stochasticity to variance in life history outcomes.\r\nWe found that the differences in vital rates and demographic outcomes among complexes depend on the sea ice conditions individuals experience. Importantly, differences across life history complexes are amplified when sea ice concentration get extremely low. Sea ice conditions did not only affect patterns of life history traits, but also the variance of life history outcomes and the relative proportion of individual unobserved heterogeneity to the total variance. These new results advance the current debate on the relative importance heterogeneity (i.e. potentially adaptive) and stochasticity (i.e. enhances genetic drift) in shaping potentially neutral vs. adaptive changes in life histories.\r\n", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Birds; East Antarctica; Southern Fulmar", "locations": "Antarctica; East Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Jenouvrier, Stephanie", "project_titles": "Linking Foraging Behaviors to Demography to understand Albatrosses Population Responses to Climate Change; Polar Seabirds with Long-term Pair Bonds: Effects of Mating on Individual Fitness and Population Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010090", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Polar Seabirds with Long-term Pair Bonds: Effects of Mating on Individual Fitness and Population Dynamics"}, {"proj_uid": "p0010002", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Linking Foraging Behaviors to Demography to understand Albatrosses Population Responses to Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Demographic outputs and their variances for three life history complexes for the Southern Fulmar across contrasted sea ice conditions.", "uid": "601585", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1443213 Kaplan, Michael", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Wed, 30 Sep 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Input and other information for 3He surface exposure data", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Antarctica; Transantarctic Mountains", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Kaplan, Michael; Winckler, Gisela; Schaefer, Joerg", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Multidisciplinary Analysis of Antarctic Blue Ice Moraine Formation and their Potential as Climate Archives over Multiple Glacial Cycles", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010131", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Multidisciplinary Analysis of Antarctic Blue Ice Moraine Formation and their Potential as Climate Archives over Multiple Glacial Cycles"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "3He input data", "uid": "601376", "west": null}, {"awards": "1443213 Kaplan, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -84.1,-176.97 -84.1,-173.94 -84.1,-170.91 -84.1,-167.88 -84.1,-164.85 -84.1,-161.82 -84.1,-158.79 -84.1,-155.76 -84.1,-152.73 -84.1,-149.7 -84.1,-149.7 -84.43,-149.7 -84.76,-149.7 -85.09,-149.7 -85.42,-149.7 -85.75,-149.7 -86.08,-149.7 -86.41,-149.7 -86.74,-149.7 -87.07,-149.7 -87.4,-152.73 -87.4,-155.76 -87.4,-158.79 -87.4,-161.82 -87.4,-164.85 -87.4,-167.88 -87.4,-170.91 -87.4,-173.94 -87.4,-176.97 -87.4,180 -87.4,178.12 -87.4,176.24 -87.4,174.36 -87.4,172.48 -87.4,170.6 -87.4,168.72 -87.4,166.84 -87.4,164.96 -87.4,163.08 -87.4,161.2 -87.4,161.2 -87.07,161.2 -86.74,161.2 -86.41,161.2 -86.08,161.2 -85.75,161.2 -85.42,161.2 -85.09,161.2 -84.76,161.2 -84.43,161.2 -84.1,163.08 -84.1,164.96 -84.1,166.84 -84.1,168.72 -84.1,170.6 -84.1,172.48 -84.1,174.36 -84.1,176.24 -84.1,178.12 -84.1,-180 -84.1))"], "date_created": "Wed, 30 Sep 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Sample metadata or information for cosmogenic-nuclide exposure data from the Mt. Achernar area.", "east": -149.7, "geometry": ["POINT(-174.25 -85.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cosmogenic Dating; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Transantarctic Mountains; Antarctica", "north": -84.1, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Kaplan, Michael; Schaefer, Joerg; Winckler, Gisela", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Multidisciplinary Analysis of Antarctic Blue Ice Moraine Formation and their Potential as Climate Archives over Multiple Glacial Cycles", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010131", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Multidisciplinary Analysis of Antarctic Blue Ice Moraine Formation and their Potential as Climate Archives over Multiple Glacial Cycles"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -87.4, "title": "10Be and 26Al cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure data", "uid": "601375", "west": 161.2}, {"awards": "1745049 Tyler, Scott", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 43.0731,-153.05989 43.0731,-126.11978 43.0731,-99.17967 43.0731,-72.23956 43.0731,-45.29945 43.0731,-18.35934 43.0731,8.58077 43.0731,35.52088 43.0731,62.46099 43.0731,89.4011 43.0731,89.4011 43.07309,89.4011 43.07308,89.4011 43.07307,89.4011 43.07306,89.4011 43.07305,89.4011 43.07304,89.4011 43.07303,89.4011 43.07302,89.4011 43.07301,89.4011 43.073,62.46099 43.073,35.52088 43.073,8.58077 43.073,-18.35934 43.073,-45.29945 43.073,-72.23956 43.073,-99.17967 43.073,-126.11978 43.073,-153.05989 43.073,180 43.073,170.94012 43.073,161.88024 43.073,152.82036 43.073,143.76048 43.073,134.7006 43.073,125.64072 43.073,116.58084 43.073,107.52096 43.073,98.46108 43.073,89.4012 43.073,89.4012 43.07301,89.4012 43.07302,89.4012 43.07303,89.4012 43.07304,89.4012 43.07305,89.4012 43.07306,89.4012 43.07307,89.4012 43.07308,89.4012 43.07309,89.4012 43.0731,98.46108 43.0731,107.52096 43.0731,116.58084 43.0731,125.64072 43.0731,134.7006 43.0731,143.76048 43.0731,152.82036 43.0731,161.88024 43.0731,170.94012 43.0731,-180 43.0731))"], "date_created": "Mon, 03 Aug 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset consists of individual Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) traces taken during the first melt test of the Ice Diver drill. The data consists of header information about the instrument, time of sampling and follows with distance down the fiber, Stokes return, anti-Stokes return and estimated temperature in C. Each file represents a 30 second integration of return signals, and the spatial sampling of the fiber was 12.5 cm. Two channels are included and represent data from two individual multimode fibers within a stainless steel tube cable.", "east": 89.4011, "geometry": ["POINT(-90.59885 43.07305)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; North America; Temperature", "locations": "Antarctica; North America", "north": 43.0731, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Tyler, Scott W.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Toward Dense Observation of Geothermal Fluxes in Antarctica Via Logistically Light Instrument Deployment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010121", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Toward Dense Observation of Geothermal Fluxes in Antarctica Via Logistically Light Instrument Deployment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": 43.073, "title": "Ice Diver Madison Run #1 March 1, 2020", "uid": "601368", "west": 89.4012}, {"awards": "1142122 Miller, Nathan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.5 -77.5,166.55 -77.5,166.6 -77.5,166.65 -77.5,166.7 -77.5,166.75 -77.5,166.8 -77.5,166.85 -77.5,166.9 -77.5,166.95 -77.5,167 -77.5,167 -77.55,167 -77.6,167 -77.65,167 -77.7,167 -77.75,167 -77.8,167 -77.85,167 -77.9,167 -77.95,167 -78,166.95 -78,166.9 -78,166.85 -78,166.8 -78,166.75 -78,166.7 -78,166.65 -78,166.6 -78,166.55 -78,166.5 -78,166.5 -77.95,166.5 -77.9,166.5 -77.85,166.5 -77.8,166.5 -77.75,166.5 -77.7,166.5 -77.65,166.5 -77.6,166.5 -77.55,166.5 -77.5))"], "date_created": "Mon, 07 Aug 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes data from the publication Flynn and Todgham 2017 - Thermal windows and metabolic performance curves in a developing Antarctic fish. Included are data on embryo survival, development, and metabolic rate.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166.75 -77.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Fish; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; McMurdo Sound; Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -77.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Todgham, Anne; Miller, Nathan", "project_titles": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000411", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Thermal windows and metabolic performance curves in a developing Antarctic fish", "uid": "601040", "west": 166.5}, {"awards": "1142122 Miller, Nathan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166 -77.5,166.1 -77.5,166.2 -77.5,166.3 -77.5,166.4 -77.5,166.5 -77.5,166.6 -77.5,166.7 -77.5,166.8 -77.5,166.9 -77.5,167 -77.5,167 -77.55,167 -77.6,167 -77.65,167 -77.7,167 -77.75,167 -77.8,167 -77.85,167 -77.9,167 -77.95,167 -78,166.9 -78,166.8 -78,166.7 -78,166.6 -78,166.5 -78,166.4 -78,166.3 -78,166.2 -78,166.1 -78,166 -78,166 -77.95,166 -77.9,166 -77.85,166 -77.8,166 -77.75,166 -77.7,166 -77.65,166 -77.6,166 -77.55,166 -77.5))"], "date_created": "Mon, 07 Aug 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes data from the publication Davis et al - Antarctic emerald rockcod have the capacity to compensate for warming when uncoupled from CO2-acidification. Included are data on cardiorespiratory physiology, survival, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity, behavior (scototaxis \u0026 activity) and seawater chemistry.", "east": 167.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166.5 -77.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; CTD Data; Fish; McMurdo Sound; Ocean Acidification; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica; McMurdo Sound; Ross Sea", "north": -77.5, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Todgham, Anne; Miller, Nathan", "project_titles": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000411", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Antarctic emerald rockcod have the capacity to compensate for warming when uncoupled from CO2-acidification", "uid": "601039", "west": 166.0}, {"awards": "1142122 Miller, Nathan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.163 -76.665,166.2635 -76.665,166.364 -76.665,166.4645 -76.665,166.565 -76.665,166.6655 -76.665,166.766 -76.665,166.8665 -76.665,166.967 -76.665,167.0675 -76.665,167.168 -76.665,167.168 -76.782,167.168 -76.899,167.168 -77.016,167.168 -77.133,167.168 -77.25,167.168 -77.367,167.168 -77.484,167.168 -77.601,167.168 -77.718,167.168 -77.835,167.0675 -77.835,166.967 -77.835,166.8665 -77.835,166.766 -77.835,166.6655 -77.835,166.565 -77.835,166.4645 -77.835,166.364 -77.835,166.2635 -77.835,166.163 -77.835,166.163 -77.718,166.163 -77.601,166.163 -77.484,166.163 -77.367,166.163 -77.25,166.163 -77.133,166.163 -77.016,166.163 -76.899,166.163 -76.782,166.163 -76.665))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jun 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes data from the publication \"Flynn, et al. (2015) - Ocean acidification exerts negative effects under warming conditions in a developing Antarctic fish\". Included are data on embryo survival, development, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity (citrate synthase), whole embryo osmolality and seawater chemistry.", "east": 167.168, "geometry": ["POINT(166.6655 -77.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; CTD Data; Fish; McMurdo Sound; Ocean Acidification; Oceans; Physical Oceanography; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Ross Sea; McMurdo Sound", "north": -76.665, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Miller, Nathan; Todgham, Anne; Davis, Brittany; Flynn, Erin", "project_titles": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000411", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.835, "title": "Physiological and biochemical measurements on Antarctic dragonfish (Gymnodraco acuticeps) from McMurdo Sound", "uid": "601026", "west": 166.163}, {"awards": "1142122 Miller, Nathan", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.163 -76.665,166.2635 -76.665,166.364 -76.665,166.4645 -76.665,166.565 -76.665,166.6655 -76.665,166.766 -76.665,166.8665 -76.665,166.967 -76.665,167.0675 -76.665,167.168 -76.665,167.168 -76.782,167.168 -76.899,167.168 -77.016,167.168 -77.133,167.168 -77.25,167.168 -77.367,167.168 -77.484,167.168 -77.601,167.168 -77.718,167.168 -77.835,167.0675 -77.835,166.967 -77.835,166.8665 -77.835,166.766 -77.835,166.6655 -77.835,166.565 -77.835,166.4645 -77.835,166.364 -77.835,166.2635 -77.835,166.163 -77.835,166.163 -77.718,166.163 -77.601,166.163 -77.484,166.163 -77.367,166.163 -77.25,166.163 -77.133,166.163 -77.016,166.163 -76.899,166.163 -76.782,166.163 -76.665))"], "date_created": "Sat, 20 May 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes data from the publication \"Davis, et al. (2016) - Juvenile Antarctic rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii) are physiologically robust to CO2-acidified seawater\". Included are data on cardiorespiratory physiology, survival, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity (citrate synthase) and seawater chemistry.", "east": 167.168, "geometry": ["POINT(166.6655 -77.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Fish; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean", "locations": "McMurdo Sound; Southern Ocean; Antarctica; Ross Sea", "north": -76.665, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Miller, Nathan; Todgham, Anne; Davis, Brittany; Flynn, Erin", "project_titles": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000411", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.835, "title": "Physiological and biochemical measurements on juvenile Antarctic rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii) from McMurdo Sound", "uid": "601025", "west": 166.163}, {"awards": "1043554 Willenbring, Jane", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(161.5 -77.5)"], "date_created": "Wed, 09 Nov 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The PIs propose to address the question of whether ice surface melting zones developed at high elevations during warm climatic phases in the Transantarctic Mountains. Evidence from sediment cores drilled by the ANDRILL program indicates that open water in the Ross Sea could have been a source of warmth during Pliocene and Pleistocene. The question is whether marine warmth penetrated inland to the ice sheet margins. The glacial record may be ill suited to answer this question, as cold-based glaciers may respond too slowly to register brief warmth. Questions also surround possible orbital controls on regional climate and ice sheet margins. Northern Hemisphere insolation at obliquity and precession timescales is thought to control Antarctic climate through oceanic or atmospheric connections, but new thinking suggests that the duration of Southern Hemisphere summer may be more important. The PIs propose to use high elevation alluvial deposits in the Transantarctic Mountains as a proxy for inland warmth. These relatively young fans, channels, and debris flow levees stand out as visible evidence for the presence of melt water in an otherwise ancient, frozen landscape. Based on initial analyses of an alluvial fan in the Olympus Range, these deposits are sensitive recorders of rare melt events that occur at orbital timescales. For their study they will 1) map alluvial deposits using aerial photography, satellite imagery and GPS assisted field surveys to establish water sources and to quantify parameters effecting melt water production, 2) date stratigraphic sequences within these deposits using OSL, cosmogenic nuclide, and interbedded volcanic ash chronologies, 3) use paired nuclide analyses to estimate exposure and burial times, and rates of deposition and erosion, and 4) use micro and regional scale climate modeling to estimate paleoenvironmental conditions associated with melt events.\nThis study will produce a record of inland melting from sites adjacent to ice sheet margins to help determine controls on regional climate along margins of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to aid ice sheet and sea level modeling studies. The proposal will support several graduate and undergraduates. A PhD student will be supported on existing funding. The PIs will work with multiple K-12 schools to conduct interviews and webcasts from Antarctica and they will make follow up visits to classrooms after the field season is complete.", "east": 161.5, "geometry": ["POINT(161.5 -77.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Cosmogenic Radionuclides; Geochronology; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Isotope; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Transantarctic Mountains", "locations": "Transantarctic Mountains; Antarctica", "north": -77.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Willenbring, Jane", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Activation of high-elevation alluvial fans in the Transantarctic Mountains - a proxy for Plio-Pleistocene warmth along East Antarctic ice margins", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000429", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Activation of high-elevation alluvial fans in the Transantarctic Mountains - a proxy for Plio-Pleistocene warmth along East Antarctic ice margins"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.5, "title": "Activation of high-elevation alluvial fans in the Transantarctic Mountains - a proxy for Plio-Pleistocene warmth along East Antarctic ice margins", "uid": "600379", "west": 161.5}, {"awards": "0538657 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-38.5 -76.2)"], "date_created": "Tue, 27 Oct 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains the results of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) performed on an archive of the GISP2 ice core containing the rapid climate warming of Dansgaard-Oeschger Event 21.", "east": -38.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-38.5 -76.2)"], "keywords": "Arctic; Geochemistry; GISP; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate", "locations": "Arctic", "north": -76.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Haines, Skylar; Mayewski, Paul A.; Kurbatov, Andrei V.", "project_titles": "Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000036", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.2, "title": "Ultra-High Resolution LA-ICP-MS Results: DO-21 Rapid Warming Event", "uid": "609635", "west": -38.5}, {"awards": "1142010 Talghader, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-148.81 -79.42,-145.111 -79.42,-141.412 -79.42,-137.713 -79.42,-134.014 -79.42,-130.315 -79.42,-126.616 -79.42,-122.917 -79.42,-119.218 -79.42,-115.519 -79.42,-111.82 -79.42,-111.82 -79.643,-111.82 -79.866,-111.82 -80.089,-111.82 -80.312,-111.82 -80.535,-111.82 -80.758,-111.82 -80.981,-111.82 -81.204,-111.82 -81.427,-111.82 -81.65,-115.519 -81.65,-119.218 -81.65,-122.917 -81.65,-126.616 -81.65,-130.315 -81.65,-134.014 -81.65,-137.713 -81.65,-141.412 -81.65,-145.111 -81.65,-148.81 -81.65,-148.81 -81.427,-148.81 -81.204,-148.81 -80.981,-148.81 -80.758,-148.81 -80.535,-148.81 -80.312,-148.81 -80.089,-148.81 -79.866,-148.81 -79.643,-148.81 -79.42))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to combine the expertise of both glaciologists and optical engineers to develop polarization- preserving optical scattering techniques for borehole tools to identify changes in high-resolution crystal structure (fabric) and dust content of glacial ice. The intellectual merit of this work is that the fabric and impurity content of the ice contain details on climate, volcanic activity and ice flow history. Such fabric measurements are currently taken by slicing an ice core into sections after it has started to depressurize which is an extremely time-intensive process that damages the core and does not always preserve the properties of ice in its in-situ state. In addition the ice core usually must be consumed in order to measure the components of the dust. The fabric measurements of this study utilize the concept that singly-scattered light in ice preserves most of its polarization when it is backscattered once from bubbles or dust; therefore, changes to the polarization of singly-backscattered light must originate with the birefringence. Measurements based on this concept will enable this program to obtain continuous records of fabric and correlate them to chronology and dust content. The project will also develop advanced borehole instruments to replace current logging tools, which require optical sources, detectors and power cables to be submerged in borehole fluid and lowered into the ice sheet at temperatures of -50oC. The use of telecommunications fiber will allow all sources and detectors to remain at the surface and enable low-noise signal processing techniques such as lock-in amplification that increase signal integrity and reduce needed power. Further, fiber logging systems would be much smaller and more flexible than current tools and capable of navigating most boreholes without a heavy winch. In order to assess fabric in situ and test fiber-optic borehole tools, field measurements will be made at WAIS Divide and a deep log will also be made at Siple Dome, both in West Antarctica. If successful, the broader impacts of the proposed research would include the development of new analytical methods and lightweight logging tools for ice drilling research that can operate in boreholes drilled in ice. Eventually the work could result in the development of better prehistoric records of glacier flow, atmospheric particulates, precipitation, and climate forcing. The project encompasses a broad base of theoretical, experimental, and design work, which makes it ideal for training graduate students and advanced undergraduates. Collaboration with schools and classroom teachers will help bring aspects of optics, climate, and polar science to an existing Middle School curriculum.", "east": -111.82, "geometry": ["POINT(-130.315 -80.535)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Ash Layer; Borehole Camera; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctica; WAIS Divide", "north": -79.42, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Talghader, Joseph", "project_titles": "Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000339", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -81.65, "title": "Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice (1142010)", "uid": "600172", "west": -148.81}, {"awards": "0538538 Sowers, Todd; 0538578 Brook, Edward J.; 0944584 Sowers, Todd", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-38.5 72.6)", "POINT(-112.0865 -79.4676)"], "date_created": "Fri, 31 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set measures methane concentrations in ancient air trapped in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide and Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP2) ice cores; presenting two, high-resolution ice core methane records of the past 2500 years, one from each pole. These measurements were used to reconstruct the methane Inter-Polar Difference (IPD) during the late Holocene. Also included are model results of methane emissions that were presented in the manuscript describing this data set.", "east": -38.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-38.5 72.6)", "POINT(-112.0865 -79.4676)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Arctic; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; GISP2; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Methane; Paleoclimate; WAIS Divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "Arctic; WAIS Divide; Antarctica", "north": 72.6, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Mitchell, Logan E", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Constructing an Ultra-high Resolution Atmospheric Methane Record for the Last 140,000 Years from WAIS Divide Core.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000025", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Constructing an Ultra-high Resolution Atmospheric Methane Record for the Last 140,000 Years from WAIS Divide Core."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.4676, "title": "Late Holocene Methane Concentrations from WAIS Divide and GISP2", "uid": "609586", "west": -112.0865}, {"awards": "1043740 Lenczewski, Melissa", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165 -77.5,165.3 -77.5,165.6 -77.5,165.9 -77.5,166.2 -77.5,166.5 -77.5,166.8 -77.5,167.1 -77.5,167.4 -77.5,167.7 -77.5,168 -77.5,168 -77.6,168 -77.7,168 -77.8,168 -77.9,168 -78,168 -78.1,168 -78.2,168 -78.3,168 -78.4,168 -78.5,167.7 -78.5,167.4 -78.5,167.1 -78.5,166.8 -78.5,166.5 -78.5,166.2 -78.5,165.9 -78.5,165.6 -78.5,165.3 -78.5,165 -78.5,165 -78.4,165 -78.3,165 -78.2,165 -78.1,165 -78,165 -77.9,165 -77.8,165 -77.7,165 -77.6,165 -77.5))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The PI proposes to utilize computer models used by hydrogeologists to establish the fate and transport of contamination and determine the extent of drilling fluid contamination in the ANDRILL SMS core. For these models, previously collected logs of lithology, porosity, fracture density, fracture type, fracture orientation, drilling fluid loss, drilling fluid characteristics and temperature will be used as input parameters. In addition, biodegradation and sorption constants for the drilling fluid will be determined and incorporated into the models. Samples of drilling fluids used during coring as well as the return fluids were collected at the drill site using standard microbiological sampling techniques. Fluids will be tested at in situ temperatures under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to determine biodegradation constants. Sorption will be determined between the drilling fluids and core samples using standard isotherm methods. Geochemical and microbial fingerprints of the fluids and the changes during biodegradation will determine the potential impact of the drilling fluids on the isolated microbial communities and the geochemistry within various subsurface lithologic units beneath the southern McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. The results of this study could potentially provide guidelines on developing less detrimental methods for future exploration, if deemed necessary through this research.\nThis proposed project will train a graduate student. The methods developed for analyses of samples in this project will serve as a guide for future studies of similar interest and will improve the understanding of ecological impacts of geologic drilling in Antarctica. The results of this study will be used as a reference for comparison with future studies examining newly developed, and improved, sample collection methods in future exploratory drilling projects in pristine environments. The PI is new to Antarctic research.\n", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(166.5 -78)"], "keywords": "Andrill; Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Chemistry:rock; Chemistry:Rock; Drilling Fluid; Geochemistry; McMurdo; Ross Sea; Sediment Core", "locations": "Antarctica; McMurdo; Ross Sea", "north": -77.5, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Lenczewski, Melissa", "project_titles": "Fate of Drilling Fluids during the South McMurdo Sound Project (SMS) of the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000468", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Fate of Drilling Fluids during the South McMurdo Sound Project (SMS) of the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "ANDRILL", "south": -78.5, "title": "Fate of Drilling Fluids during the South McMurdo Sound Project (SMS) of the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL)", "uid": "600129", "west": 165.0}, {"awards": "0944201 Hofmann, Gretchen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-160 -68,-159 -68,-158 -68,-157 -68,-156 -68,-155 -68,-154 -68,-153 -68,-152 -68,-151 -68,-150 -68,-150 -69,-150 -70,-150 -71,-150 -72,-150 -73,-150 -74,-150 -75,-150 -76,-150 -77,-150 -78,-151 -78,-152 -78,-153 -78,-154 -78,-155 -78,-156 -78,-157 -78,-158 -78,-159 -78,-160 -78,-160 -77,-160 -76,-160 -75,-160 -74,-160 -73,-160 -72,-160 -71,-160 -70,-160 -69,-160 -68))"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Jan 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This research examines the effects of ocean acidification on embryos and larvae of a contemporary calcifier in the coastal waters of Antarctica, the sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri. The effect of future ocean acidification is projected to be particularly threatening to calcifying marine organisms in coldwater, high latitude seas, making tolerance data on these organisms a critical research need in Antarctic marine ecosystems. Due to a high magnesium (Mg) content of their calcitic hard parts, echinoderms are especially vulnerable to dissolution stress from ocean acidification because they currently inhabit seawater that is barely at the saturation level to support biogenic calcification. Thus, cold-water, high latitude species with a high Mg-content in their hard parts are considered to be the \u0027first responders\u0027 to chemical changes in the surface oceans. Studies in this proposal will use several metrics to examine the physiological plasticity of contemporary urchin embryos and larvae to CO2-acidified seawater, to mimic the scenarios defined by IPCC models and by analyses of future acidification predicted for the Southern Ocean. The research also will investigats the biological consequences of synergistic interactions of two converging climate change-related stressors - CO2- driven ocean acidification and ocean warming. Specifically the research will (1) assess the effect of CO2-acidified seawater on the development of early embryos and larvae, (2) using morphometrics, examine changes in the larval endoskeleton in response to development under the high-CO2 conditions of ocean acidification, (3) using a DNA microarray, profile changes in gene expression for genes involved in biomineralization and other important physiological processes, and (4) measure costs and physiological consequences of development under conditions of ocean acidification. The proposal will support the training of undergraduates, graduate students and a postdoctoral fellow. The PI also will collaborate with the UC Santa Barbara Gevirtz Graduate School of Education to link the biological effects of ocean acidification to the chemical changes expected for the Southern Ocean using the \u0027Science on a Sphere\u0027 technology. This display will be housed in an education and public outreach center, the Outreach Center for Teaching Ocean Science (OCTOS), a new state-of-the-art facility under construction at UC Santa Barbara.\n", "east": -150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-155 -73)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -68.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Hofmann, Gretchen", "project_titles": "Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000352", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri", "uid": "600112", "west": -160.0}, {"awards": "0944764 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)", "POINT(-119.83 -80.01)"], "date_created": "Thu, 08 Aug 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "During the last glacial period atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature in Antarctica varied in a similar fashion on millennial time scales, but previous work indicates that these changes were gradual. In a detailed analysis of one event, we now find that approximately half of the CO2 increase that occurred during the 1500 year cold period between Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) Events 8 and 9 happened rapidly, over less than two centuries. This rise in CO2 was synchronous with, or slightly later than, a rapid increase of Antarctic temperature inferred from stable isotopes.", "east": -119.83, "geometry": ["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)", "POINT(-119.83 -80.01)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Arctic; Byrd; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; CO2; Geochemistry; GISP2; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Methane; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome Ice Core; Taylor Dome; Taylor Dome Ice Core", "locations": "Arctic; Antarctica; Taylor Dome", "north": -80.01, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho", "project_titles": "Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000179", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core; Taylor Dome Ice Core; Byrd Ice Core", "south": -81.66, "title": "Abrupt Change in Atmospheric CO2 During the Last Ice Age", "uid": "609539", "west": -148.82}, {"awards": "0732655 Mosley-Thompson, Ellen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-63 -60,-62.6 -60,-62.2 -60,-61.8 -60,-61.4 -60,-61 -60,-60.6 -60,-60.2 -60,-59.8 -60,-59.4 -60,-59 -60,-59 -60.5,-59 -61,-59 -61.5,-59 -62,-59 -62.5,-59 -63,-59 -63.5,-59 -64,-59 -64.5,-59 -65,-59.4 -65,-59.8 -65,-60.2 -65,-60.6 -65,-61 -65,-61.4 -65,-61.8 -65,-62.2 -65,-62.6 -65,-63 -65,-63 -64.5,-63 -64,-63 -63.5,-63 -63,-63 -62.5,-63 -62,-63 -61.5,-63 -61,-63 -60.5,-63 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Like no other region on Earth, the northern Antarctic Peninsula represents a spectacular natural laboratory of climate change and provides the opportunity to study the record of past climate and ecological shifts alongside the present-day changes in one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth. This award supported the cryospheric and oceanographic components of an integrated multi-disciplinary program to address these rapid and fundamental changes now taking place in Antarctic Peninsula (AP). By making use of a marine research platform (the RV NB Palmer and on-board helicopters) and additional logistical support from the Argentine Antarctic program, the project brought together glaciologists, oceanographers, marine geologists and biologists who have worked collaboratively to address fundamental interdisciplinary questions regarding climate change.", "east": -59.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-61 -62.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Bruce Plateau; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Isotope; LARISSA; Paleoclimate; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description; Snow Accumulation", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica; Bruce Plateau", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Thompson, Lonnie G.; Mosley-Thompson, Ellen", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000101", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "LARISSA", "south": -65.0, "title": "Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System (LARISSA) - Cryosphere and Oceans", "uid": "600167", "west": -63.0}, {"awards": "0739654 Catania, Ginny", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-110 -74,-109 -74,-108 -74,-107 -74,-106 -74,-105 -74,-104 -74,-103 -74,-102 -74,-101 -74,-100 -74,-100 -74.2,-100 -74.4,-100 -74.6,-100 -74.8,-100 -75,-100 -75.2,-100 -75.4,-100 -75.6,-100 -75.8,-100 -76,-101 -76,-102 -76,-103 -76,-104 -76,-105 -76,-106 -76,-107 -76,-108 -76,-109 -76,-110 -76,-110 -75.8,-110 -75.6,-110 -75.4,-110 -75.2,-110 -75,-110 -74.8,-110 -74.6,-110 -74.4,-110 -74.2,-110 -74))"], "date_created": "Wed, 30 May 2012 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set provides a coastline history of the eastern Amundsen Sea Embayment and terminus histories of its outlet glaciers derived from those coastlines. These outlet glaciers include Smith, Haynes, Thwaites, and Pine Island Glaciers. The coastlines were derived from detailed tracing of Landsat imagery between late 1972 and late 2011 (at a scale of 1:50,000). The data set also uses some additional data from other sources. The terminus histories are calculated as the intersections between these coastlines and 1996 flowlines.\n\nData are available via FTP in ESRI shapefile and comma separated value (.csv) formats.", "east": -100.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-105 -75)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Climate Change; Coastline; GIS Data; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Satellite Data Interpretation", "locations": "Antarctica; Amundsen Sea", "north": -74.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Macgregor, Joseph A.; Catania, Ginny; Markowski, Michael; Andrews, Alan G.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Ice-flow history of the Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000143", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Ice-flow history of the Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.0, "title": "Coastal and Terminus History of the Eastern Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, 1972 - 2011", "uid": "609522", "west": -110.0}, {"awards": "0636506 Mayewski, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-137.7 -75.7,-137.4 -75.7,-137.1 -75.7,-136.8 -75.7,-136.5 -75.7,-136.2 -75.7,-135.9 -75.7,-135.6 -75.7,-135.3 -75.7,-135 -75.7,-134.7 -75.7,-134.7 -75.773,-134.7 -75.846,-134.7 -75.919,-134.7 -75.992,-134.7 -76.065,-134.7 -76.138,-134.7 -76.211,-134.7 -76.284,-134.7 -76.357,-134.7 -76.43,-135 -76.43,-135.3 -76.43,-135.6 -76.43,-135.9 -76.43,-136.2 -76.43,-136.5 -76.43,-136.8 -76.43,-137.1 -76.43,-137.4 -76.43,-137.7 -76.43,-137.7 -76.357,-137.7 -76.284,-137.7 -76.211,-137.7 -76.138,-137.7 -76.065,-137.7 -75.992,-137.7 -75.919,-137.7 -75.846,-137.7 -75.773,-137.7 -75.7))"], "date_created": "Thu, 29 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains measurments from co-registered samples from a horizontal trench in the Mt. Moulton Blue Ice Area (BIA) in Antarctica. All 3795 co-registered samples were analyzed for their soluble major anion content by Ion Chromatography (IC) and for trace elements by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry . \n\nThe data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel format (.xls) and Microsoft Word document (.doc).", "east": -134.7, "geometry": ["POINT(-136.2 -76.065)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Mt Moulton; Paleoclimate", "locations": "Antarctica; Mt Moulton", "north": -75.7, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Mayewski, Paul A.; Korotkikh, Elena", "project_titles": "Collaborative Proposal: 2000+ Year Detailed, Calibrated Climate Reconstruction from a South Pole Ice Core Set in an Antarctic - Global Scale Context", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000209", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Proposal: 2000+ Year Detailed, Calibrated Climate Reconstruction from a South Pole Ice Core Set in an Antarctic - Global Scale Context"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -76.43, "title": "Mt. Moulton Ice Trench Mass Spectrometry Data, Antarctica", "uid": "609472", "west": -137.7}, {"awards": "0636506 Mayewski, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-144.39 -89.93)"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jul 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains ion measurements from co-registered samples from the South Pole Remote Earth Science and Seismological Observatory (SPRESSO) ice core. The core was drilled during the 2002-2003 field season as part of the International Trans-Antarctic Science Expedition (ITASE). Samples were collected for ion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry and stable water isotope analysis. Parameters include measurements of ion concentrations in ice core samples.\n\nThe data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel format (.xls).", "east": -144.39, "geometry": ["POINT(-144.39 -89.93)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; ITASE; Paleoclimate; South Pole; SPRESSO Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctica; South Pole", "north": -89.93, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Mayewski, Paul A.; Korotkikh, Elena", "project_titles": "Collaborative Proposal: 2000+ Year Detailed, Calibrated Climate Reconstruction from a South Pole Ice Core Set in an Antarctic - Global Scale Context", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000209", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Proposal: 2000+ Year Detailed, Calibrated Climate Reconstruction from a South Pole Ice Core Set in an Antarctic - Global Scale Context"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -89.93, "title": "Ion Concentrations from SPRESSO Ice Core, Antarctica", "uid": "609471", "west": -144.39}, {"awards": "9980379 Baker, Ian; 0440523 Baker, Ian", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-119.516667 -80.016667)", "POINT(106.8 -72.466667)", "POINT(-38.466667 72.583333)"], "date_created": "Mon, 15 Feb 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains measurements of impurities and ions in three polar ice cores: the Vostok 5G ice core and the Byrd ice core from Antarctica, and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) D core. Parameters include sample depth, grain size, ion concentration, and ice core impurity information. Measurements were made using Ion Chromatography (IC), optical microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). \n\nData are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel (.xls)and Microsoft Word (.doc) formats.", "east": 106.8, "geometry": ["POINT(-119.516667 -80.016667)", "POINT(106.8 -72.466667)", "POINT(-38.466667 72.583333)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Arctic; Byrd Glacier; Byrd Ice Core; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; GISP2; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Lake Vostok; Paleoclimate; Vostok Ice Core", "locations": "Arctic; Byrd Glacier; Lake Vostok; Antarctica", "north": 72.583333, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Baker, Ian; Obbard, Rachel", "project_titles": "The Physical Properties of the US ITASE Firn and Ice Cores from South Pole to Taylor Dome", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000289", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The Physical Properties of the US ITASE Firn and Ice Cores from South Pole to Taylor Dome"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -80.016667, "title": "Microstructural Location and Composition of Impurities in Polar Ice Cores", "uid": "609436", "west": -119.516667}, {"awards": "0808947 Hofmann, Gretchen", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-160 -70,-159 -70,-158 -70,-157 -70,-156 -70,-155 -70,-154 -70,-153 -70,-152 -70,-151 -70,-150 -70,-150 -70.7,-150 -71.4,-150 -72.1,-150 -72.8,-150 -73.5,-150 -74.2,-150 -74.9,-150 -75.6,-150 -76.3,-150 -77,-151 -77,-152 -77,-153 -77,-154 -77,-155 -77,-156 -77,-157 -77,-158 -77,-159 -77,-160 -77,-160 -76.3,-160 -75.6,-160 -74.9,-160 -74.2,-160 -73.5,-160 -72.8,-160 -72.1,-160 -71.4,-160 -70.7,-160 -70))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This Small Grant for Exploratory Research (SGER) will support the rapid acquisition of DNA sequence for the Antarctic pteropod Limacina helicina, a resource that would allow the development of a cDNA microarray to profile gene expression in this critical marine invertebrate in response to ocean acidification. This request would facilitate the collaboration of the PI (Hofmann), a marine molecular ecologist, with co-PI, Prof. Victoria Fabry, an expert in pteropod calcification biology, and a leader in the ocean acidification research community. Finally, the resources developed here would be shared with the polar research community and all DNA sequence data and protocols would be available via web databases. Notably, the genomic tool developed here would most likely be useful for pteropods from Antarctic and Arctic waters. The broader impacts of this project would be the development of genomic tools for a critical Antarctic marine invertebrate that is threatened by ocean acidification. In addition, these resources would be shared with the polar biology research community.", "east": -150.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-155 -73.5)"], "keywords": "Biota; Genomics; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": -70.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Fabry, Victoria; Hofmann, Gretchen", "project_titles": "Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000213", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods", "uid": "600088", "west": -160.0}, {"awards": "0520523 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-38.466667 73.583333)", "POINT(-148.81 -81.65)"], "date_created": "Wed, 09 Dec 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains methane measurements made in trapped air in the Holocene sections of two ice cores: the Siple Dome ice core in Antarctica, and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core in Greenland. The measurements were made at Oregon State University between 2007 and 2009. Measurements were made relative to the NOAA04 methane concentration scale using a working standard internally calibrated to NOAA certified air standards. Concentrations are corrected for gravitational fractionation and solubility effects in the melt-refreeze extraction. Data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel (.xls) format.", "east": -38.466667, "geometry": ["POINT(-38.466667 73.583333)", "POINT(-148.81 -81.65)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Arctic; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; GISP2; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core", "locations": "Arctic; Siple Dome; Antarctica", "north": 73.583333, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: New insights into the Holocene methane budget from dual isotope systematics and a high resolution record of the interpolar gradient", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000131", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: New insights into the Holocene methane budget from dual isotope systematics and a high resolution record of the interpolar gradient"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.65, "title": "Methane Measurements from the GISP2 and Siple Dome Ice Cores", "uid": "609440", "west": -148.81}, {"awards": "0440975 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-119.533333 -80.016667)"], "date_created": "Fri, 17 Jul 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set consists of Gas-isotopic data from the Siple Dome and and Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice cores covering roughly the last 100,000 years (100 ka), consisting of d15N (15N/14N) of N2, d18O (18O/16O) of O2, dO2/N2, and dAr/N2. Derived parameters include d18Oatm, d15N, dO2/N2, and dAr/N2. \n\nData are available via FTP as ASCII text files (.txt) and Microsoft Excel files (.xls).", "east": -119.533333, "geometry": ["POINT(-119.533333 -80.016667)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Arctic; Atmosphere; Byrd Glacier; Byrd Ice Core; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; GISP2; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Isotope; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctica; Arctic; Byrd Glacier; Siple Dome", "north": -80.016667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "project_titles": "Nitrogen and oxygen gas isotopes in the Siple Dome and Byrd ice cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000450", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Nitrogen and oxygen gas isotopes in the Siple Dome and Byrd ice cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -80.016667, "title": "Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the Siple Dome and Byrd Ice Cores, Antarctica", "uid": "609407", "west": -119.533333}, {"awards": "0440478 Tang, Kam", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(166.66267 -77.85067)"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Phaeocystis Antarctica is a widely distributed phytoplankton that forms dense blooms and aggregates in the Southern Ocean. This phytoplankton and plays important roles in polar ecology and biogeochemistry, in part because it is a dominant primary producer, a main component of organic matter vertical fluxes, and the principal producer of volatile organic sulfur in the region. Yet P. Antarctica is also one of the lesser known species in terms of its physiology, life history and trophic relationships with other organisms; furthermore, information collected on other Phaeocystis species and from different locations may not be applicable to P. Antarctica in the Ross Sea. P. Antarctica occurs mainly as two morphotypes: solitary cells and mucilaginous colonies, which differ significantly in size, architecture and chemical composition. Relative dominance between solitary cells and colonies determines not only the size spectrum of the population, but also its carbon dynamics, nutrient uptake and utilization. Conventional thinking of the planktonic trophic processes is also challenged by the fact that colony formation could effectively alter the predator-prey interactions and interspecific competition. However, the factors that regulate the differences between solitary and colonial forms of P. Antarctica are not well-understood. \n\nThe research objective of this proposal is therefore to address these over-arching questions: \n1. Do P. Antarctica solitary cells and colonies differ in growth, composition and photosynthetic rates? 2. How do nutrients and grazers affect colony development and size distribution of P. Antarctica? \n3. How do nutrients and grazers act synergistically to affect the long-term population dynamics of P. Antarctica? \n\nExperiments will be conducted in the McMurdo station with natural P. Antarctica assemblages and co-occurring grazers. Laboratory experiments will be conducted to study size-specific growth and photosynthetic rates of P. Antarctica, size-specific grazing mortality due to microzooplankton and mesozooplankton, the effects of macronutrients on the (nitrogen compounds) relative dominance of solitary cells and colonies, and the effects of micronutrient (Fe) and grazing related chemical signals on P. Antarctica colony development. Because this species is of critical importance in the Southern Ocean, and because this research will provide critical information on factors that regulate the role of P.Antarctica in food webs and biogeochemical cycles, a major gap in knowledge will be addressed. This project will train two marine science Ph.D. students. The investigators will also collaborate with the School of Education and a marine science museum to communicate polar science to a broader audience.", "east": 166.66267, "geometry": ["POINT(166.66267 -77.85067)"], "keywords": "Biota; McMurdo Sound; Oceans; Phytoplankton; Ross Sea; Southern Ocean; Zooplankton", "locations": "Southern Ocean; McMurdo Sound; Ross Sea", "north": -77.85067, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Smith, Walker; Tang, Kam", "project_titles": "Environmental and Ecological Regulation of Differences and Interactions between Solitary and Colonial forms of Phaeocystis antarctica", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000214", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Environmental and Ecological Regulation of Differences and Interactions between Solitary and Colonial forms of Phaeocystis antarctica"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.85067, "title": "Environmental and Ecological Regulation of Differences and Interactions between Solitary and Colonial Forms of Phaeocystis Antarctica", "uid": "600043", "west": 166.66267}, {"awards": "0538683 Lal, Devendra", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-180 -90)"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The principal aim of this research is to determine the precise manner in which solar activity has varied in the past 1000 years. During this period, four periods of very low solar activity have been identified: Wolf (1305-1345 AD), Spoerer (1418-1540 AD), Maunder (1645-1715), and one period of high solar activity (1100-1250 A.D.) have been deduced based on available historical records of sunspot numbers and aurora. Our proposal aims to study the solar activity during the past 1000 years in detail using a new method, based on studies of polar ice, as developed earlier (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 234, 335-349, 2005). The method is based on the fact that greater solar activity leads to production of greater magnetic fields in the heliosphere, which reduces the primary cosmic ray flux in the near Earth environment, and vice-versa. Consequently if one can measure the primary cosmic ray flux in the near Earth space, it becomes a direct measure of the solar activity. Lal et al. (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 234, 335-349, 2005) concluded that the best way of measuring the primary cosmic ray flux would be to measure the concentration of cosmogenic in-situ produced 14C in polar ice sheets, which was discovered by Lal et al. (Nature 346, 350-352, 1990). Following this idea Lal et al. (op. cit.) measured cosmogenic in-situ produced in 19 samples from the GISP 2 core covering time range of 375-31,250 yrs B.P. Their studies showed that there were two periods of very low solar activity in this time bracket (during 8500-9500 B.P and 27,000-32,000 B.P.), and one high solar activity period during 12,000-16,000 yrs B.P. In order to provide an independent check on the veracity of the new method, we decided to apply it to the historical period, \u003c 1000 yrs B.P. The inferred Solar activities based on the study of cosmogenic in-situ produced 14C in South Pole ice samples clearly establish that there was a period of high Solar activity during 1100-1250 A.D., and a period of very low solar activity during 1416-1534 A.D, designated as the Spoerer Minimum. These results however do not confirm the proposed dates for the Dalton and the Maunder Minimum periods, predicted to be 1795-1825 A.D. and 1654-1714 A.D. respectively. Instead, our studies show that there was a long duration period of low solar activity during 1750-1860 A.D. These results make it quite clear that we should carry out more studies to fully establish the temporal behavior of the Solar activity in the past 1000 yrs.", "east": -180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-180 -90)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Carbon-14; Cosmos; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Solar Activity; South Pole", "locations": "Antarctica; South Pole", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Lal, Devendra", "project_titles": "Solar Activity during the Last Millennium, Estimated from Cosmogenic in-situ 14C in South Pole and GISP2 Ice Cores", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000555", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Solar Activity during the Last Millennium, Estimated from Cosmogenic in-situ 14C in South Pole and GISP2 Ice Cores"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Solar activity during the last millennium, estimated from cosmogenic in-situ C14 in South Pole and GISP2 ice cores", "uid": "600058", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0126057 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 16 Dec 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ice Core Interplanetary Dust Helium Isotope Data Helium isotope data from Ice Cores at GISP2 (Greenland) and Vostok (Antarctica) as a proxy for extraterrestrial dust flux.\n", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Arctic; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; GISP2; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Isotope; Lake Vostok; Paleoclimate; Vostok Ice Core", "locations": "Lake Vostok; Arctic; Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.; Kurz, Mark D.", "project_titles": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000034", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "GISP2 (D Core) Helium Isotopes from Interplanetary Dust", "uid": "609361", "west": null}, {"awards": "0126057 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 16 Dec 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This ice core data is archived at the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology and is available through the Ice Core Data Gateway. The data includes methane data from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2). GISP2 is an ice core project that drilled through the Greenland ice sheet and 1.55 meters into bedrock. The ice core is 3053.44 meters in depth, the deepest ice core recovered in the world at the time. The ice core was completed in 1993 after five years of drilling.\n\nMethane concentrations were determined by GC-FID using standards calibrated by NOAA CMDL. \t\t\t\t\t\nThe gas age time scales and analytical techniques are described in further detail in the publication.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Arctic; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochemistry; GISP2; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Methane; Paleoclimate; Taylor Dome", "locations": "Antarctica; Arctic; Taylor Dome", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000034", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "GISP2 (D Core) Methane Concentration Data", "uid": "609360", "west": null}, {"awards": "0229546 MacAyeal, Douglas", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(168 -77)"], "date_created": "Wed, 01 Oct 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Seismometers were placed on a 25 km by 50 km iceberg called C16 in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, to identify the Iceberg harmonic Tremor (IHT) source mechanism and to understand the relevance of IHT to iceberg calving, drift and break-up. The seismic observations reveal that the IHT signal consists of extended episodes of stick-slip icequakes (typically thousands per hour) generated when the ice-cliff edges of two tabular icebergs rub together during glancing, strike/slip type iceberg collisions (e.g., between C16 and B15A). With the source mechanism revealed, IHT may provide a promising signal useful for the study of iceberg behavior and iceberg-related processes such as climate-induced ice-shelf disintegration.\n\nHere, a single day of seismometer data for a single station on iceberg C16 is provided as an example of \"a day in the life of an iceberg\" for use by scientists and students wishing to know more about IHT. The station data is from C16 \"B\" site on C16\u0027s northeast corner, and the day is 27 December, 2003, a day when B15A struck C16 and caused an episode of tremor that was particularly easy to identify and understand. \n\nThis represents only a small fraction of the total data that exist for the seismic program on iceberg C16. The full data are archived at the IRIS data center (where seismic data is commonly archived). This one-day data set is to provide glaciologists with ready access to a good example of IHT that they can use for teaching and for demonstration purposes. Data are available in comma-delimited ASCII format and Matlab native mat files. Data are available via FTP.", "east": 168.0, "geometry": ["POINT(168 -77)"], "keywords": "Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciology; Iceberg; Oceans; Ross Sea; Sea Ice; Seismometer; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Ross Sea", "north": -77.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Okal, Emile; Aster, Richard; Bassis, Jeremy; MacAyeal, Douglas", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000117", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research of Earth\u0027s Largest Icebergs"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Iceberg Harmonic Tremor, Seismometer Data, Antarctica", "uid": "609349", "west": 168.0}, {"awards": "0636899 Mende, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Auroral protons are not energized by electric fields directly above the auroral atmosphere and therefore they are a much better diagnostic of processes deep in the magnetosphere. It has been shown from measurements from space by the IMAGE spacecraft that the dayside hydrogen emission is directly related to dayside reconnection processes. A four channel all-sky images had been operating at South Pole during 2004-2007 to observe auroral features in specific wavelengths channels that allowed a quantitative investigation of proton aurora. This was accomplished by measuring the Hydrogen Balmer beta line at 486.1 nm and by monitoring another wavelength band for subtracting non proton produced background emissions. South Pole allows these measurements because of the 24 hour darkness and favorable conditions even on the dayside. To increase the scientific return it was also attempted to measure the Doppler shift of the hydrogen emissions because that provides diagnostics regarding the energy of the protons. Thus the proton camera measured 3 wavelength bands simultaneously in the vicinity of the Balmer beta line to provide the line intensity near zero Doppler shift, at a substantial Doppler shift and a third channel for background. \n\nThe 4-channel all-sky camera at South Pole was modified in 2008 in order to observe several types of auroras, and to distinguish the cusp reconnection aurora from the normal plasma sheet precipitation. The camera simultaneously operates in four wavelength regions that allow a distinction between auroras that are created by higher energy electrons (greater than 1 keV) and those created by low energy (less than 500 eV) precipitation. The cusp is the location where plasma enters the magnetosphere through the process of magnetic reconnection. This reconnection occurs where the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) and the terrestrial magnetic field are oriented in opposite directions. \n\nThe data are represented as keograms (geomagnetic north-south slices through the time series of images) for the four different wavelengths. The top of the keogram points to the magnetic south pole. The time series allows a very quick assessment about the presence of aurora, motion, intensity, and brightness differences in the four simultaneously registered channels.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Aurora; Cosmos; Photo/video; Photo/Video", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Frey, Harald; Mende, Stephen", "project_titles": "Antarctic Auroral Imaging", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000361", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Auroral Imaging"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Antarctic Auroral Imaging", "uid": "600070", "west": null}, {"awards": "0230260 Bender, Michael", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(106.8 -72.4667)"], "date_created": "Tue, 10 Jul 2007 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes a time scale for the Vostok ice core, retrieved from Vostok Station on the East Antarctic Plateau. This chronology is derived by orbitally tuning to molecular oxygen to nitrogen (O\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e) ratios in occluded air for depths deeper than 1550 m (greater than 112,000 years old), and by gas correlation to the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) chronology for the ice core section that is shallower than 1422 m (less than 102,000 years old). Because of poor gas preservation in air bubbles in shallower depths, investigators could only constrain the Vostok chronology for the section deeper than 1550 m by O\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e. Thus for the shallower section of the core, they synchronized the Vostok delta oxygen-18 (\u0026delta;\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO) and methane (CH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e) measurements to those of the GISP2 to obtain the chronology (see Bender, et al. 2006). Note, CH\u003csub\u003e4\u003c/sub\u003e data are not included in this data set.\n\nInvestigators analyzed the O\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e and the\u003cem\u003e\u003cstrong\u003e \u003c/strong\u003e\u003c/em\u003e\u0026delta;\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO record ratios for approximately the past 115,000 to 400,000 years in the Vostok ice core. They combined new measurements for O\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e/N\u003csub\u003e2\u003c/sub\u003e and \u0026delta;\u003csup\u003e18\u003c/sup\u003eO with data from Bender (2002) and Petit, et al. (1999), respectively.\n\nData are in Microsoft Excel format and are available via FTP.", "east": 106.8, "geometry": ["POINT(106.8 -72.4667)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Geochronology; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Lake Vostok; Paleoclimate; Vostok; Vostok Ice Core", "locations": "Lake Vostok; Vostok; Antarctica", "north": -72.4667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Bender, Michael; Suwa, Makoto", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Trapped Gas Composition and the Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000257", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Trapped Gas Composition and the Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -72.4667, "title": "Trapped Gas Composition and Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core", "uid": "609311", "west": 106.8}, {"awards": "0126057 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Fri, 27 Aug 2004 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set compares global atmospheric concentration of methane from ice cores taken on the ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland. The data come from multiple ice cores on each continent, including Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) and Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP) ice cores and the Byrd and Vostok cores from Antarctica. (The orignal dataset is located at ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/grip/synchronization/)", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Vostok Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Blunier, Thomas; Stauffer, Bernhard; Chappellaz, Jerome; Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000034", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Antarctic and Greenland Climate Change Comparison", "uid": "609253", "west": null}, {"awards": "0512971 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "date_created": "Mon, 18 Aug 2003 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica.\n\nBrooks measured methane in approximately 196 samples between 55.6 and 738.5 m (0-20 ka) in the Siple Dome ice core, and then extended the Siple Dome methane record at medium resolution down to about 860m, corresponding to an age of about 45 ka. The team compared the results with data from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) and the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP).", "east": -149.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Methane; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core; WAISCORES", "locations": "Siple Dome; Antarctica", "north": -81.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000034", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.0, "title": "Siple Dome Methane Record", "uid": "609124", "west": -149.0}, {"awards": "0512971 Brook, Edward J.", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "date_created": "Wed, 14 May 2003 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The data include methane data from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) B \u0026 D Cores. Gas ages were calculated according to the methods described in Brook et\nal. 1996, and are subject to change. Ice ages were calculated by by\nlinear interpolation from the Meese et al. timescale.\n", "east": -149.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-149 -81)"], "keywords": "Arctic; Chemistry:fluid; Chemistry:Fluid; Chemistry:ice; Chemistry:Ice; Geochemistry; GISP2; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Greenland; Ice Core Records; Methane; Paleoclimate", "locations": "Greenland; Arctic", "north": -81.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Brook, Edward J.", "project_titles": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000034", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -81.0, "title": "GISP2 (B and D Core) Methane Concentrations", "uid": "609125", "west": -149.0}]
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Dataset Title/Abstract/Map | NSF Award(s) | Date Created | PIs / Scientists | Project Links | Abstract | Bounds Geometry | Geometry | Selected | Visible |
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Distribution of blue ice areas in Antarctica derived from Landsat ETM+ and Modis images
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None | 2023-10-13 | Hui, Fengming; Scambos, Ted | No project link provided | Blue-ice areas (BIAs) and their geographical distribution in Antarctica were mapped using Landsat-7 ETM+ images with 15 m spatial resolution obtained during the 1999–2003 austral summers and covering the area north of 82.5° S, and a snow grain-size image of the MODIS-based Mosaic of Antarctica (MOA) dataset with 125 m grid spacing acquired during the 2003/04 austral summer from 82.5°S to the South Pole. A map of BIAs was created with algorithms of thresholds based on band ratio and reflectance for ETM+ data and thresholds based on snow grain size for the MOA dataset. The underlying principle is that blue ice can be separated from snow or rock by their spectral discrepancies and by different grain sizes of snow and ice. We estimate the total area of BIAs in Antarctica during the data acquisition period is 234 549 km2, or 1.67% of the area of the continent. Blue ice is scattered widely over the continent but is generally located in coastal or mountainous regions. The BIA dataset presented in this study is the first map covering the entire Antarctic continent sourced solely from ETM+ and MODIS data. Support by National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant No. 41106157) and NASA grant NNX10AL42G (nsidc0549_hui_V0). | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Atmospheric methane across the Last Glacial Maximum and deglaciation from the GISP2, NEEM and WAIS Divide ice cores
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1745078 |
2023-10-05 | Riddell-Young, Benjamin; Martin, Kaden; Rosen, Julia; Lee, James; Edwards, Jon S.; Brook, Edward J. |
Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores |
This dataset includes measurements of atmospheric methane from samples from the NEEM, GISP2 and WAIS Divide ice cores. All measurements were made at the Oregon State University Ice Core and Quaternary Geochemistry Laboratory (Corvallis, OR) using an established analytical system. 433 samples from the NEEM ice core were measured between 1420 and 1560m depths. A measurement uncertainty ranging from 2.8 to 4.2 ppb, depending on the measurement year, was determined from replicate samples. 340 samples from the GISP2 ice core were measured between 1740 and 2060m depths. A measurement uncertainty ranging from 3.1 to 3.4 ppb, depending on the measurement year, was determined from replicate samples. All GISP2 and NEEM data were corrected for excess methane contamination using the established relationship between excess methane and Ca2+ (Lee et al., 2020). Both corrected and uncorrected data are included in the publication. 340 samples from the GISP2 ice core were measured between 1957 and 3081m depths. A measurement uncertainty ranging from 3.1 to 3.4 ppb, depending on the measurement year, was determined from replicate samples. Depths reflect the mid-points of the depth range of each samples, which is typically ~8cm. All replicate measurements are included in the dataset. Lee, J. E. et al. Excess methane in Greenland ice cores associated with high dust concentrations. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta 270, 409-430 (2020). | ["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"] | ["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"] | false | false |
Atmospheric methane interpolar difference and four-box troposphere model output across the Last Glacial Maximum and Deglaciation
|
1745078 |
2023-10-02 | Riddell-Young, Benjamin; Rosen, Julia; Buizert, Christo; Martin, Kaden; Lee, James; Edwards, Jon S.; Mühl, Michaela; Schmitt, Jochen; Fischer, Hubertus; Blunier, Thomas; Brook, Edward J. |
Tracing Past Methane Variations with Stable Isotopes in Antarctic Ice Cores |
This dataset includes estimates of the atmospheric methane relative interpolar difference (rIPD) across the Last Glacial Maximum and Deglaciation. The rIPD was calculated using discrete, high-resolution methane measurements from the WAIS Divide, NEEM and GISP2 ice cores. Two independent IPD records were determined: One using NEEM and WAIS and one using GISP2 and WAIS. The dataset includes rIPD values calculated using both Greenland methane data both corrected and uncorrected for excess methane (Lee et al., 2020). The rIPD was calculated by smoothing each methane record and synchronizing them to the WD2014 gas age scale. 1-sigma rIPD uncertainties are included. This dataset also includes the output of the four-box troposphere model used to interpret the rIPD. For both excess methane-corrected records, the model output and 1-sigma uncertainty is provided for northern extratropical (30N - 90N) and total tropical (30S - 30N) sources in Tg yr-1. For the NEEM-derived rIPD, sections of the rIPD where atmospheric methane changed rapidly were deemed untrustworthy were removed from the dataset. Lee, J. E. et al. Excess methane in Greenland ice cores associated with high dust concentrations. Geochimica et cosmochimica acta 270, 409-430 (2020). | ["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"] | ["POINT(-112.05 -79.28)"] | false | false |
Landsat Sea Ice/Cloud classifications surrounding project study sites
|
1744584 |
2023-01-11 | Klein, Andrew |
Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity |
This dataset a CSV file containing the percentages of water (non-land) pixels within various sized buffers (100, 300, 3,000 and 10,000 m radii) buffers around fifteen sampling sites that were classified as being either Sea Ice or Cloud in the Antarctic Landsat Views collection housed within Esri’s curated Living Atlas of the world which is a collection of ready-to-use global geographic content. The encompass a portion of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. This dataset was developed in support of projects ANT-1744550, -744570, -1744584, and -1744602. | ["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"] | ["POINT(-65 -65)"] | false | false |
Modelled Solar Irradiance for Western Antarctic Pennisula
|
1744584 |
2023-01-06 | Klein, Andrew |
Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity |
This dataset comprises a series of geotiff grids of modelled solar radiation (Wh m-2 day-1) for a portion of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. The grids were generated using the r.sun module in Grass GIS. In addition to the a geotiff grid representing the average daily global horizontal irradiance for an entire year, the dataset also includes geotiffs containing daily values of direct beam irradiance, diffuse irradiance, ground reflected irradiance, and global (total) irradiance (all in Wh m-2 day-1) as well as insolation time (hours). This dataset was created in support of projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602. | ["POLYGON((-78 -60,-74.6 -60,-71.2 -60,-67.8 -60,-64.4 -60,-61 -60,-57.6 -60,-54.2 -60,-50.8 -60,-47.400000000000006 -60,-44 -60,-44 -61.3,-44 -62.6,-44 -63.9,-44 -65.2,-44 -66.5,-44 -67.8,-44 -69.1,-44 -70.4,-44 -71.7,-44 -73,-47.4 -73,-50.8 -73,-54.2 -73,-57.6 -73,-61 -73,-64.4 -73,-67.8 -73,-71.2 -73,-74.6 -73,-78 -73,-78 -71.7,-78 -70.4,-78 -69.1,-78 -67.8,-78 -66.5,-78 -65.2,-78 -63.9,-78 -62.6,-78 -61.3,-78 -60))"] | ["POINT(-61 -66.5)"] | false | false |
Gridded sea ice concentrations from National Ice Center (NIC) Charts 2014-2019 for Western Antarctic Peninsula
|
1744584 |
2022-12-29 | Klein, Andrew |
Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity |
This dataset contains gridded sea ice concentrations developed from vector GIS National Ice Center (NIC) Charts for a portion of the western Antarctic Peninsula. This dataset was developed in support of projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602. It contains geotif files containing the minimum, maximum, and midpoint (average) sea ice concentrations in tenths calculated from NIC vector GIS layers for the 2008-2019 time period. | ["POLYGON((-78 -60,-74.6 -60,-71.2 -60,-67.8 -60,-64.4 -60,-61 -60,-57.6 -60,-54.2 -60,-50.8 -60,-47.400000000000006 -60,-44 -60,-44 -61.3,-44 -62.6,-44 -63.9,-44 -65.2,-44 -66.5,-44 -67.8,-44 -69.1,-44 -70.4,-44 -71.7,-44 -73,-47.4 -73,-50.8 -73,-54.2 -73,-57.6 -73,-61 -73,-64.4 -73,-67.8 -73,-71.2 -73,-74.6 -73,-78 -73,-78 -71.7,-78 -70.4,-78 -69.1,-78 -67.8,-78 -66.5,-78 -65.2,-78 -63.9,-78 -62.6,-78 -61.3,-78 -60))"] | ["POINT(-61 -66.5)"] | false | false |
Computed fetch for project study sites
|
1744584 |
2022-12-29 | Klein, Andrew |
Collaborative Research: Sea ice as a driver of Antarctic benthic macroalgal community composition and nearshore trophic connectivity |
This csv dataset includes the fetch distances for the 15 study sites visited by projects ANT-1744550, -1744570, -1744584, and -1744602 during ARSV Laurence M. Gould cruise LMG 19-04 in April and May 2019. The fetch distances were computed for each of the following eight cardinal directions (0°,45°,90°,135°,180°,225°,270°,315°). The fetches are all reported in meters (m). Fetch was determined by computing the distance along each of the eight directions to the nearest shoreline based on a 100 m resolution land/water grid. The grid was constructed using a vector-to-raster conversion of the Scientific Council of Antarctic Research (SCAR) Antarctic Digital Database’s High resolution vector polylines of the Antarctic coastline. The fetch computations utilized an ArcGIS toolbox based on code by Finlayson (2006) that computes fetch using the recommended procedures from the US Army Corp of Engineers Shore Protection Manual (USACE, 1984). Finlayson, D.P. 2006. The geomorphology of Puget Sound beaches. Ph.D. dissertation. University of Washington, Seattle. 216 p. Gerrish, L., Fretwell, P., & Cooper, P. (2021). High resolution vector polylines of the Antarctic coastline (7.4) [Data set]. UK Polar Data Centre, Natural Environment Research Council, UK Research & Innovation. https://doi.org/10.5285/e46be5bc-ef8e-4fd5-967b-92863fbe2835'. USACE, 1984. Shore Protection Manual, Coastal Engineering Research Center, Fort Belvoir, Virginia. | ["POLYGON((-70 -61,-69 -61,-68 -61,-67 -61,-66 -61,-65 -61,-64 -61,-63 -61,-62 -61,-61 -61,-60 -61,-60 -61.8,-60 -62.6,-60 -63.4,-60 -64.2,-60 -65,-60 -65.8,-60 -66.6,-60 -67.4,-60 -68.2,-60 -69,-61 -69,-62 -69,-63 -69,-64 -69,-65 -69,-66 -69,-67 -69,-68 -69,-69 -69,-70 -69,-70 -68.2,-70 -67.4,-70 -66.6,-70 -65.8,-70 -65,-70 -64.2,-70 -63.4,-70 -62.6,-70 -61.8,-70 -61))"] | ["POINT(-65 -65)"] | false | false |
Orthomosaics of Ross Island Penguin Colonies 2019 - 2021
|
1834986 |
2022-10-07 | Ballard, Grant; Schmidt, Annie; Shah, Kunal |
Does Nest Density Matter? Using Novel Technology to Collect Whole-colony Data on Adelie Penguins. |
These data are results from a novel multirobot path-planning method for conducting aerial surveys over large areas designed to make the best use of limited flight time. We implemented our planning algorithm with a team of drones to conduct multiple photographic aerial wildlife surveys of Cape Crozier, one of the largest Adélie penguin colonies in the world containing more than 300,000 nesting pairs. We used the same technique at the two smaller Adélie penguin colonies on Ross Island (Cape Bird and Cape Royds). At Cape Crozier, over 2 square kilometers was surveyed in about 3 hours. In contrast, previous human-piloted single-drone surveys of the same colony required over 2 days to complete. The resulting data are geo-referenced, 3d images of penguin colonies created from the UAV imagery. Raw images were stitched together using Metashape (https://www.agisoft.com/). | ["POLYGON((165 -77,165.5 -77,166 -77,166.5 -77,167 -77,167.5 -77,168 -77,168.5 -77,169 -77,169.5 -77,170 -77,170 -77.1,170 -77.2,170 -77.3,170 -77.4,170 -77.5,170 -77.6,170 -77.7,170 -77.8,170 -77.9,170 -78,169.5 -78,169 -78,168.5 -78,168 -78,167.5 -78,167 -78,166.5 -78,166 -78,165.5 -78,165 -78,165 -77.9,165 -77.8,165 -77.7,165 -77.6,165 -77.5,165 -77.4,165 -77.3,165 -77.2,165 -77.1,165 -77))"] | ["POINT(167.5 -77.5)"] | false | false |
Linear Theory of Orographic Precipitation QGIS Plugin
|
1644277 |
2022-07-14 | Aschwanden, Andy |
Collaborative Research: Feedbacks between Orographic Precipitation and Ice Dynamics |
A Python/numpy plugin for QGIS by Andy Aschwanden and Constantine Khrulev that implements the Linear Theory of Orographic Precipitation following Smith & Barstad (2004). | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Demographic outputs and their variances for three life history complexes for the Southern Fulmar across contrasted sea ice conditions.
|
1246407 1840058 |
2022-06-27 | Jenouvrier, Stephanie |
Polar Seabirds with Long-term Pair Bonds: Effects of Mating on Individual Fitness and Population Dynamics Linking Foraging Behaviors to Demography to understand Albatrosses Population Responses to Climate Change |
Individuals differ in many ways. Most produce few offspring; a handful produce many. Some die early; others live to old age. It is tempting to attribute these differences in outcomes to differences in individual traits, and thus in the demographic rates experienced. However, there is more to individual variation than meets the eye of the biologist. Even among individuals sharing identical traits, life history outcomes (life expectancy and lifetime reproduction) will vary due to individual stochasticity, i.e., to chance. Quantifying the contributions of heterogeneity and chance is essential to understanding natural variability. Inter-individual differences vary across environmental conditions, hence heterogeneity and stochasticity depend on environmental conditions. We show that favorable conditions increase the contributions of individual stochasticity, and reduce the contributions of heterogeneity, to variance in demographic outcomes in a seabird population. The opposite is true under poor conditions. This result has important consequence for understanding the ecology and evolution of life history strategies. Specifically, three life-history complexes exist in a population of southern fulmar (defined as sets of life-history characteristics that occur together through the lifetime of an individual). They are reminiscent of the gradient of life- history strategy observed among species: 1. Group 1 (14% of offspring at fledging) is a slow-paced life history where individuals tend to delay recruitment, recruit successfully, and extend their reproductive lifespan. 2. Group 2 (67% of offspring at fledging) consists of individuals that are less likely to recruit, have high adult survival, and skip breeding often. 3. Group 3 (19% of offspring at fledging) is a fast-paced life history where individuals recruit early and attempt to breed often but have a short lifespan. Individuals in groups 1 and 3 are considered “high-quality” individuals because they produce, on average, more offspring over their lives than do individuals in group 2. But group 2 is made-up of individuals that experience the highest levels of adult survival. Differences between these groups, i.e. individual heterogeneity, only explains a small fraction of variance in life expectancy (5.9%) and lifetime reproduction (22%) when environmental conditions are ordinary. We expect that the environmental context experienced, especially when environmental conditions get extreme, is key to characterizing individual heterogeneity and its contribution to life history outcomes. Here, we build on previous studies to quantify the impact of extreme environmental conditions on the relative contributions of individual heterogeneity and stochasticity to variance in life history outcomes. We found that the differences in vital rates and demographic outcomes among complexes depend on the sea ice conditions individuals experience. Importantly, differences across life history complexes are amplified when sea ice concentration get extremely low. Sea ice conditions did not only affect patterns of life history traits, but also the variance of life history outcomes and the relative proportion of individual unobserved heterogeneity to the total variance. These new results advance the current debate on the relative importance heterogeneity (i.e. potentially adaptive) and stochasticity (i.e. enhances genetic drift) in shaping potentially neutral vs. adaptive changes in life histories. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
3He input data
|
1443213 |
2020-09-30 | Kaplan, Michael; Winckler, Gisela; Schaefer, Joerg |
Collaborative Research: Multidisciplinary Analysis of Antarctic Blue Ice Moraine Formation and their Potential as Climate Archives over Multiple Glacial Cycles |
Input and other information for 3He surface exposure data | [] | [] | false | false |
10Be and 26Al cosmogenic nuclide surface exposure data
|
1443213 |
2020-09-30 | Kaplan, Michael; Schaefer, Joerg; Winckler, Gisela |
Collaborative Research: Multidisciplinary Analysis of Antarctic Blue Ice Moraine Formation and their Potential as Climate Archives over Multiple Glacial Cycles |
Sample metadata or information for cosmogenic-nuclide exposure data from the Mt. Achernar area. | ["POLYGON((-180 -84.1,-176.97 -84.1,-173.94 -84.1,-170.91 -84.1,-167.88 -84.1,-164.85 -84.1,-161.82 -84.1,-158.79 -84.1,-155.76 -84.1,-152.73 -84.1,-149.7 -84.1,-149.7 -84.43,-149.7 -84.76,-149.7 -85.09,-149.7 -85.42,-149.7 -85.75,-149.7 -86.08,-149.7 -86.41,-149.7 -86.74,-149.7 -87.07,-149.7 -87.4,-152.73 -87.4,-155.76 -87.4,-158.79 -87.4,-161.82 -87.4,-164.85 -87.4,-167.88 -87.4,-170.91 -87.4,-173.94 -87.4,-176.97 -87.4,180 -87.4,178.12 -87.4,176.24 -87.4,174.36 -87.4,172.48 -87.4,170.6 -87.4,168.72 -87.4,166.84 -87.4,164.96 -87.4,163.08 -87.4,161.2 -87.4,161.2 -87.07,161.2 -86.74,161.2 -86.41,161.2 -86.08,161.2 -85.75,161.2 -85.42,161.2 -85.09,161.2 -84.76,161.2 -84.43,161.2 -84.1,163.08 -84.1,164.96 -84.1,166.84 -84.1,168.72 -84.1,170.6 -84.1,172.48 -84.1,174.36 -84.1,176.24 -84.1,178.12 -84.1,-180 -84.1))"] | ["POINT(-174.25 -85.75)"] | false | false |
Ice Diver Madison Run #1 March 1, 2020
|
1745049 |
2020-08-03 | Tyler, Scott W. |
Collaborative Research: Toward Dense Observation of Geothermal Fluxes in Antarctica Via Logistically Light Instrument Deployment |
This dataset consists of individual Distributed Temperature Sensing (DTS) traces taken during the first melt test of the Ice Diver drill. The data consists of header information about the instrument, time of sampling and follows with distance down the fiber, Stokes return, anti-Stokes return and estimated temperature in C. Each file represents a 30 second integration of return signals, and the spatial sampling of the fiber was 12.5 cm. Two channels are included and represent data from two individual multimode fibers within a stainless steel tube cable. | ["POLYGON((-180 43.0731,-153.05989 43.0731,-126.11978 43.0731,-99.17967 43.0731,-72.23956 43.0731,-45.29945 43.0731,-18.35934 43.0731,8.58077 43.0731,35.52088 43.0731,62.46099 43.0731,89.4011 43.0731,89.4011 43.07309,89.4011 43.07308,89.4011 43.07307,89.4011 43.07306,89.4011 43.07305,89.4011 43.07304,89.4011 43.07303,89.4011 43.07302,89.4011 43.07301,89.4011 43.073,62.46099 43.073,35.52088 43.073,8.58077 43.073,-18.35934 43.073,-45.29945 43.073,-72.23956 43.073,-99.17967 43.073,-126.11978 43.073,-153.05989 43.073,180 43.073,170.94012 43.073,161.88024 43.073,152.82036 43.073,143.76048 43.073,134.7006 43.073,125.64072 43.073,116.58084 43.073,107.52096 43.073,98.46108 43.073,89.4012 43.073,89.4012 43.07301,89.4012 43.07302,89.4012 43.07303,89.4012 43.07304,89.4012 43.07305,89.4012 43.07306,89.4012 43.07307,89.4012 43.07308,89.4012 43.07309,89.4012 43.0731,98.46108 43.0731,107.52096 43.0731,116.58084 43.0731,125.64072 43.0731,134.7006 43.0731,143.76048 43.0731,152.82036 43.0731,161.88024 43.0731,170.94012 43.0731,-180 43.0731))"] | ["POINT(-90.59885 43.07305)"] | false | false |
Thermal windows and metabolic performance curves in a developing Antarctic fish
|
1142122 |
2017-08-07 | Todgham, Anne; Miller, Nathan |
RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes |
This dataset includes data from the publication Flynn and Todgham 2017 - Thermal windows and metabolic performance curves in a developing Antarctic fish. Included are data on embryo survival, development, and metabolic rate. | ["POLYGON((166.5 -77.5,166.55 -77.5,166.6 -77.5,166.65 -77.5,166.7 -77.5,166.75 -77.5,166.8 -77.5,166.85 -77.5,166.9 -77.5,166.95 -77.5,167 -77.5,167 -77.55,167 -77.6,167 -77.65,167 -77.7,167 -77.75,167 -77.8,167 -77.85,167 -77.9,167 -77.95,167 -78,166.95 -78,166.9 -78,166.85 -78,166.8 -78,166.75 -78,166.7 -78,166.65 -78,166.6 -78,166.55 -78,166.5 -78,166.5 -77.95,166.5 -77.9,166.5 -77.85,166.5 -77.8,166.5 -77.75,166.5 -77.7,166.5 -77.65,166.5 -77.6,166.5 -77.55,166.5 -77.5))"] | ["POINT(166.75 -77.75)"] | false | false |
Antarctic emerald rockcod have the capacity to compensate for warming when uncoupled from CO2-acidification
|
1142122 |
2017-08-07 | Todgham, Anne; Miller, Nathan |
RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes |
This dataset includes data from the publication Davis et al - Antarctic emerald rockcod have the capacity to compensate for warming when uncoupled from CO2-acidification. Included are data on cardiorespiratory physiology, survival, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity, behavior (scototaxis & activity) and seawater chemistry. | ["POLYGON((166 -77.5,166.1 -77.5,166.2 -77.5,166.3 -77.5,166.4 -77.5,166.5 -77.5,166.6 -77.5,166.7 -77.5,166.8 -77.5,166.9 -77.5,167 -77.5,167 -77.55,167 -77.6,167 -77.65,167 -77.7,167 -77.75,167 -77.8,167 -77.85,167 -77.9,167 -77.95,167 -78,166.9 -78,166.8 -78,166.7 -78,166.6 -78,166.5 -78,166.4 -78,166.3 -78,166.2 -78,166.1 -78,166 -78,166 -77.95,166 -77.9,166 -77.85,166 -77.8,166 -77.75,166 -77.7,166 -77.65,166 -77.6,166 -77.55,166 -77.5))"] | ["POINT(166.5 -77.75)"] | false | false |
Physiological and biochemical measurements on Antarctic dragonfish (Gymnodraco acuticeps) from McMurdo Sound
|
1142122 |
2017-06-01 | Miller, Nathan; Todgham, Anne; Davis, Brittany; Flynn, Erin |
RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes |
This dataset includes data from the publication "Flynn, et al. (2015) - Ocean acidification exerts negative effects under warming conditions in a developing Antarctic fish". Included are data on embryo survival, development, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity (citrate synthase), whole embryo osmolality and seawater chemistry. | ["POLYGON((166.163 -76.665,166.2635 -76.665,166.364 -76.665,166.4645 -76.665,166.565 -76.665,166.6655 -76.665,166.766 -76.665,166.8665 -76.665,166.967 -76.665,167.0675 -76.665,167.168 -76.665,167.168 -76.782,167.168 -76.899,167.168 -77.016,167.168 -77.133,167.168 -77.25,167.168 -77.367,167.168 -77.484,167.168 -77.601,167.168 -77.718,167.168 -77.835,167.0675 -77.835,166.967 -77.835,166.8665 -77.835,166.766 -77.835,166.6655 -77.835,166.565 -77.835,166.4645 -77.835,166.364 -77.835,166.2635 -77.835,166.163 -77.835,166.163 -77.718,166.163 -77.601,166.163 -77.484,166.163 -77.367,166.163 -77.25,166.163 -77.133,166.163 -77.016,166.163 -76.899,166.163 -76.782,166.163 -76.665))"] | ["POINT(166.6655 -77.25)"] | false | false |
Physiological and biochemical measurements on juvenile Antarctic rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii) from McMurdo Sound
|
1142122 |
2017-05-20 | Miller, Nathan; Todgham, Anne; Davis, Brittany; Flynn, Erin |
RUI: Synergistic effects of Ocean Acidification and Warming on Larval Development in Antarctic Fishes |
This dataset includes data from the publication "Davis, et al. (2016) - Juvenile Antarctic rockcod (Trematomus bernacchii) are physiologically robust to CO2-acidified seawater". Included are data on cardiorespiratory physiology, survival, metabolic rate, metabolic enzyme activity (citrate synthase) and seawater chemistry. | ["POLYGON((166.163 -76.665,166.2635 -76.665,166.364 -76.665,166.4645 -76.665,166.565 -76.665,166.6655 -76.665,166.766 -76.665,166.8665 -76.665,166.967 -76.665,167.0675 -76.665,167.168 -76.665,167.168 -76.782,167.168 -76.899,167.168 -77.016,167.168 -77.133,167.168 -77.25,167.168 -77.367,167.168 -77.484,167.168 -77.601,167.168 -77.718,167.168 -77.835,167.0675 -77.835,166.967 -77.835,166.8665 -77.835,166.766 -77.835,166.6655 -77.835,166.565 -77.835,166.4645 -77.835,166.364 -77.835,166.2635 -77.835,166.163 -77.835,166.163 -77.718,166.163 -77.601,166.163 -77.484,166.163 -77.367,166.163 -77.25,166.163 -77.133,166.163 -77.016,166.163 -76.899,166.163 -76.782,166.163 -76.665))"] | ["POINT(166.6655 -77.25)"] | false | false |
Activation of high-elevation alluvial fans in the Transantarctic Mountains - a proxy for Plio-Pleistocene warmth along East Antarctic ice margins
|
1043554 |
2016-11-09 | Willenbring, Jane |
Collaborative Research: Activation of high-elevation alluvial fans in the Transantarctic Mountains - a proxy for Plio-Pleistocene warmth along East Antarctic ice margins |
The PIs propose to address the question of whether ice surface melting zones developed at high elevations during warm climatic phases in the Transantarctic Mountains. Evidence from sediment cores drilled by the ANDRILL program indicates that open water in the Ross Sea could have been a source of warmth during Pliocene and Pleistocene. The question is whether marine warmth penetrated inland to the ice sheet margins. The glacial record may be ill suited to answer this question, as cold-based glaciers may respond too slowly to register brief warmth. Questions also surround possible orbital controls on regional climate and ice sheet margins. Northern Hemisphere insolation at obliquity and precession timescales is thought to control Antarctic climate through oceanic or atmospheric connections, but new thinking suggests that the duration of Southern Hemisphere summer may be more important. The PIs propose to use high elevation alluvial deposits in the Transantarctic Mountains as a proxy for inland warmth. These relatively young fans, channels, and debris flow levees stand out as visible evidence for the presence of melt water in an otherwise ancient, frozen landscape. Based on initial analyses of an alluvial fan in the Olympus Range, these deposits are sensitive recorders of rare melt events that occur at orbital timescales. For their study they will 1) map alluvial deposits using aerial photography, satellite imagery and GPS assisted field surveys to establish water sources and to quantify parameters effecting melt water production, 2) date stratigraphic sequences within these deposits using OSL, cosmogenic nuclide, and interbedded volcanic ash chronologies, 3) use paired nuclide analyses to estimate exposure and burial times, and rates of deposition and erosion, and 4) use micro and regional scale climate modeling to estimate paleoenvironmental conditions associated with melt events. This study will produce a record of inland melting from sites adjacent to ice sheet margins to help determine controls on regional climate along margins of the East Antarctic Ice Sheet to aid ice sheet and sea level modeling studies. The proposal will support several graduate and undergraduates. A PhD student will be supported on existing funding. The PIs will work with multiple K-12 schools to conduct interviews and webcasts from Antarctica and they will make follow up visits to classrooms after the field season is complete. | ["POINT(161.5 -77.5)"] | ["POINT(161.5 -77.5)"] | false | false |
Ultra-High Resolution LA-ICP-MS Results: DO-21 Rapid Warming Event
|
0538657 |
2015-10-27 | Haines, Skylar; Mayewski, Paul A.; Kurbatov, Andrei V. |
Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the WAIS Divide Ice Core as Constraints on Chronology, Temperature, and Accumulation Rate |
This data set contains the results of Laser Ablation Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (LA-ICP-MS) performed on an archive of the GISP2 ice core containing the rapid climate warming of Dansgaard-Oeschger Event 21. | ["POINT(-38.5 -76.2)"] | ["POINT(-38.5 -76.2)"] | false | false |
Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice (1142010)
|
1142010 |
2015-01-01 | Talghader, Joseph |
Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice |
This award supports a project to combine the expertise of both glaciologists and optical engineers to develop polarization- preserving optical scattering techniques for borehole tools to identify changes in high-resolution crystal structure (fabric) and dust content of glacial ice. The intellectual merit of this work is that the fabric and impurity content of the ice contain details on climate, volcanic activity and ice flow history. Such fabric measurements are currently taken by slicing an ice core into sections after it has started to depressurize which is an extremely time-intensive process that damages the core and does not always preserve the properties of ice in its in-situ state. In addition the ice core usually must be consumed in order to measure the components of the dust. The fabric measurements of this study utilize the concept that singly-scattered light in ice preserves most of its polarization when it is backscattered once from bubbles or dust; therefore, changes to the polarization of singly-backscattered light must originate with the birefringence. Measurements based on this concept will enable this program to obtain continuous records of fabric and correlate them to chronology and dust content. The project will also develop advanced borehole instruments to replace current logging tools, which require optical sources, detectors and power cables to be submerged in borehole fluid and lowered into the ice sheet at temperatures of -50oC. The use of telecommunications fiber will allow all sources and detectors to remain at the surface and enable low-noise signal processing techniques such as lock-in amplification that increase signal integrity and reduce needed power. Further, fiber logging systems would be much smaller and more flexible than current tools and capable of navigating most boreholes without a heavy winch. In order to assess fabric in situ and test fiber-optic borehole tools, field measurements will be made at WAIS Divide and a deep log will also be made at Siple Dome, both in West Antarctica. If successful, the broader impacts of the proposed research would include the development of new analytical methods and lightweight logging tools for ice drilling research that can operate in boreholes drilled in ice. Eventually the work could result in the development of better prehistoric records of glacier flow, atmospheric particulates, precipitation, and climate forcing. The project encompasses a broad base of theoretical, experimental, and design work, which makes it ideal for training graduate students and advanced undergraduates. Collaboration with schools and classroom teachers will help bring aspects of optics, climate, and polar science to an existing Middle School curriculum. | ["POLYGON((-148.81 -79.42,-145.111 -79.42,-141.412 -79.42,-137.713 -79.42,-134.014 -79.42,-130.315 -79.42,-126.616 -79.42,-122.917 -79.42,-119.218 -79.42,-115.519 -79.42,-111.82 -79.42,-111.82 -79.643,-111.82 -79.866,-111.82 -80.089,-111.82 -80.312,-111.82 -80.535,-111.82 -80.758,-111.82 -80.981,-111.82 -81.204,-111.82 -81.427,-111.82 -81.65,-115.519 -81.65,-119.218 -81.65,-122.917 -81.65,-126.616 -81.65,-130.315 -81.65,-134.014 -81.65,-137.713 -81.65,-141.412 -81.65,-145.111 -81.65,-148.81 -81.65,-148.81 -81.427,-148.81 -81.204,-148.81 -80.981,-148.81 -80.758,-148.81 -80.535,-148.81 -80.312,-148.81 -80.089,-148.81 -79.866,-148.81 -79.643,-148.81 -79.42))"] | ["POINT(-130.315 -80.535)"] | false | false |
Late Holocene Methane Concentrations from WAIS Divide and GISP2
|
0538538 0538578 0944584 |
2014-01-31 | Mitchell, Logan E |
Collaborative Research: Constructing an Ultra-high Resolution Atmospheric Methane Record for the Last 140,000 Years from WAIS Divide Core. |
This data set measures methane concentrations in ancient air trapped in the West Antarctic Ice Sheet (WAIS) Divide and Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP2) ice cores; presenting two, high-resolution ice core methane records of the past 2500 years, one from each pole. These measurements were used to reconstruct the methane Inter-Polar Difference (IPD) during the late Holocene. Also included are model results of methane emissions that were presented in the manuscript describing this data set. | ["POINT(-38.5 72.6)", "POINT(-112.0865 -79.4676)"] | ["POINT(-38.5 72.6)", "POINT(-112.0865 -79.4676)"] | false | false |
Fate of Drilling Fluids during the South McMurdo Sound Project (SMS) of the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL)
|
1043740 |
2014-01-01 | Lenczewski, Melissa |
Fate of Drilling Fluids during the South McMurdo Sound Project (SMS) of the Antarctic Geological Drilling Program (ANDRILL) |
The PI proposes to utilize computer models used by hydrogeologists to establish the fate and transport of contamination and determine the extent of drilling fluid contamination in the ANDRILL SMS core. For these models, previously collected logs of lithology, porosity, fracture density, fracture type, fracture orientation, drilling fluid loss, drilling fluid characteristics and temperature will be used as input parameters. In addition, biodegradation and sorption constants for the drilling fluid will be determined and incorporated into the models. Samples of drilling fluids used during coring as well as the return fluids were collected at the drill site using standard microbiological sampling techniques. Fluids will be tested at in situ temperatures under aerobic and anaerobic conditions to determine biodegradation constants. Sorption will be determined between the drilling fluids and core samples using standard isotherm methods. Geochemical and microbial fingerprints of the fluids and the changes during biodegradation will determine the potential impact of the drilling fluids on the isolated microbial communities and the geochemistry within various subsurface lithologic units beneath the southern McMurdo Sound in Antarctica. The results of this study could potentially provide guidelines on developing less detrimental methods for future exploration, if deemed necessary through this research. This proposed project will train a graduate student. The methods developed for analyses of samples in this project will serve as a guide for future studies of similar interest and will improve the understanding of ecological impacts of geologic drilling in Antarctica. The results of this study will be used as a reference for comparison with future studies examining newly developed, and improved, sample collection methods in future exploratory drilling projects in pristine environments. The PI is new to Antarctic research. | ["POLYGON((165 -77.5,165.3 -77.5,165.6 -77.5,165.9 -77.5,166.2 -77.5,166.5 -77.5,166.8 -77.5,167.1 -77.5,167.4 -77.5,167.7 -77.5,168 -77.5,168 -77.6,168 -77.7,168 -77.8,168 -77.9,168 -78,168 -78.1,168 -78.2,168 -78.3,168 -78.4,168 -78.5,167.7 -78.5,167.4 -78.5,167.1 -78.5,166.8 -78.5,166.5 -78.5,166.2 -78.5,165.9 -78.5,165.6 -78.5,165.3 -78.5,165 -78.5,165 -78.4,165 -78.3,165 -78.2,165 -78.1,165 -78,165 -77.9,165 -77.8,165 -77.7,165 -77.6,165 -77.5))"] | ["POINT(166.5 -78)"] | false | false |
Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri
|
0944201 |
2014-01-01 | Hofmann, Gretchen |
Effect of Ocean Acidification on Early Life History Stages of the Antarctic Sea Urchins Sterechinus Neumayeri |
This research examines the effects of ocean acidification on embryos and larvae of a contemporary calcifier in the coastal waters of Antarctica, the sea urchin Sterechinus neumayeri. The effect of future ocean acidification is projected to be particularly threatening to calcifying marine organisms in coldwater, high latitude seas, making tolerance data on these organisms a critical research need in Antarctic marine ecosystems. Due to a high magnesium (Mg) content of their calcitic hard parts, echinoderms are especially vulnerable to dissolution stress from ocean acidification because they currently inhabit seawater that is barely at the saturation level to support biogenic calcification. Thus, cold-water, high latitude species with a high Mg-content in their hard parts are considered to be the 'first responders' to chemical changes in the surface oceans. Studies in this proposal will use several metrics to examine the physiological plasticity of contemporary urchin embryos and larvae to CO2-acidified seawater, to mimic the scenarios defined by IPCC models and by analyses of future acidification predicted for the Southern Ocean. The research also will investigats the biological consequences of synergistic interactions of two converging climate change-related stressors - CO2- driven ocean acidification and ocean warming. Specifically the research will (1) assess the effect of CO2-acidified seawater on the development of early embryos and larvae, (2) using morphometrics, examine changes in the larval endoskeleton in response to development under the high-CO2 conditions of ocean acidification, (3) using a DNA microarray, profile changes in gene expression for genes involved in biomineralization and other important physiological processes, and (4) measure costs and physiological consequences of development under conditions of ocean acidification. The proposal will support the training of undergraduates, graduate students and a postdoctoral fellow. The PI also will collaborate with the UC Santa Barbara Gevirtz Graduate School of Education to link the biological effects of ocean acidification to the chemical changes expected for the Southern Ocean using the 'Science on a Sphere' technology. This display will be housed in an education and public outreach center, the Outreach Center for Teaching Ocean Science (OCTOS), a new state-of-the-art facility under construction at UC Santa Barbara. | ["POLYGON((-160 -68,-159 -68,-158 -68,-157 -68,-156 -68,-155 -68,-154 -68,-153 -68,-152 -68,-151 -68,-150 -68,-150 -69,-150 -70,-150 -71,-150 -72,-150 -73,-150 -74,-150 -75,-150 -76,-150 -77,-150 -78,-151 -78,-152 -78,-153 -78,-154 -78,-155 -78,-156 -78,-157 -78,-158 -78,-159 -78,-160 -78,-160 -77,-160 -76,-160 -75,-160 -74,-160 -73,-160 -72,-160 -71,-160 -70,-160 -69,-160 -68))"] | ["POINT(-155 -73)"] | false | false |
Abrupt Change in Atmospheric CO2 During the Last Ice Age
|
0944764 |
2013-08-08 | Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho |
Atmospheric CO2 and Abrupt Climate Change |
During the last glacial period atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature in Antarctica varied in a similar fashion on millennial time scales, but previous work indicates that these changes were gradual. In a detailed analysis of one event, we now find that approximately half of the CO2 increase that occurred during the 1500 year cold period between Dansgaard-Oeschger (DO) Events 8 and 9 happened rapidly, over less than two centuries. This rise in CO2 was synchronous with, or slightly later than, a rapid increase of Antarctic temperature inferred from stable isotopes. | ["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)", "POINT(-119.83 -80.01)"] | ["POINT(-148.82 -81.66)", "POINT(-119.83 -80.01)"] | false | false |
Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System (LARISSA) - Cryosphere and Oceans
|
0732655 |
2013-01-01 | Thompson, Lonnie G.; Mosley-Thompson, Ellen |
Collaborative Research in IPY: Abrupt Environmental Change in the Larsen Ice Shelf System, a Multidisciplinary Approach -- Cryosphere and Oceans |
Like no other region on Earth, the northern Antarctic Peninsula represents a spectacular natural laboratory of climate change and provides the opportunity to study the record of past climate and ecological shifts alongside the present-day changes in one of the most rapidly warming regions on Earth. This award supported the cryospheric and oceanographic components of an integrated multi-disciplinary program to address these rapid and fundamental changes now taking place in Antarctic Peninsula (AP). By making use of a marine research platform (the RV NB Palmer and on-board helicopters) and additional logistical support from the Argentine Antarctic program, the project brought together glaciologists, oceanographers, marine geologists and biologists who have worked collaboratively to address fundamental interdisciplinary questions regarding climate change. | ["POLYGON((-63 -60,-62.6 -60,-62.2 -60,-61.8 -60,-61.4 -60,-61 -60,-60.6 -60,-60.2 -60,-59.8 -60,-59.4 -60,-59 -60,-59 -60.5,-59 -61,-59 -61.5,-59 -62,-59 -62.5,-59 -63,-59 -63.5,-59 -64,-59 -64.5,-59 -65,-59.4 -65,-59.8 -65,-60.2 -65,-60.6 -65,-61 -65,-61.4 -65,-61.8 -65,-62.2 -65,-62.6 -65,-63 -65,-63 -64.5,-63 -64,-63 -63.5,-63 -63,-63 -62.5,-63 -62,-63 -61.5,-63 -61,-63 -60.5,-63 -60))"] | ["POINT(-61 -62.5)"] | false | false |
Coastal and Terminus History of the Eastern Amundsen Sea Embayment, West Antarctica, 1972 - 2011
|
0739654 |
2012-05-30 | Macgregor, Joseph A.; Catania, Ginny; Markowski, Michael; Andrews, Alan G. |
Collaborative Research: Ice-flow history of the Thwaites Glacier, West Antarctica |
This data set provides a coastline history of the eastern Amundsen Sea Embayment and terminus histories of its outlet glaciers derived from those coastlines. These outlet glaciers include Smith, Haynes, Thwaites, and Pine Island Glaciers. The coastlines were derived from detailed tracing of Landsat imagery between late 1972 and late 2011 (at a scale of 1:50,000). The data set also uses some additional data from other sources. The terminus histories are calculated as the intersections between these coastlines and 1996 flowlines. Data are available via FTP in ESRI shapefile and comma separated value (.csv) formats. | ["POLYGON((-110 -74,-109 -74,-108 -74,-107 -74,-106 -74,-105 -74,-104 -74,-103 -74,-102 -74,-101 -74,-100 -74,-100 -74.2,-100 -74.4,-100 -74.6,-100 -74.8,-100 -75,-100 -75.2,-100 -75.4,-100 -75.6,-100 -75.8,-100 -76,-101 -76,-102 -76,-103 -76,-104 -76,-105 -76,-106 -76,-107 -76,-108 -76,-109 -76,-110 -76,-110 -75.8,-110 -75.6,-110 -75.4,-110 -75.2,-110 -75,-110 -74.8,-110 -74.6,-110 -74.4,-110 -74.2,-110 -74))"] | ["POINT(-105 -75)"] | false | false |
Mt. Moulton Ice Trench Mass Spectrometry Data, Antarctica
|
0636506 |
2010-07-29 | Mayewski, Paul A.; Korotkikh, Elena |
Collaborative Proposal: 2000+ Year Detailed, Calibrated Climate Reconstruction from a South Pole Ice Core Set in an Antarctic - Global Scale Context |
This data set contains measurments from co-registered samples from a horizontal trench in the Mt. Moulton Blue Ice Area (BIA) in Antarctica. All 3795 co-registered samples were analyzed for their soluble major anion content by Ion Chromatography (IC) and for trace elements by inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry . The data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel format (.xls) and Microsoft Word document (.doc). | ["POLYGON((-137.7 -75.7,-137.4 -75.7,-137.1 -75.7,-136.8 -75.7,-136.5 -75.7,-136.2 -75.7,-135.9 -75.7,-135.6 -75.7,-135.3 -75.7,-135 -75.7,-134.7 -75.7,-134.7 -75.773,-134.7 -75.846,-134.7 -75.919,-134.7 -75.992,-134.7 -76.065,-134.7 -76.138,-134.7 -76.211,-134.7 -76.284,-134.7 -76.357,-134.7 -76.43,-135 -76.43,-135.3 -76.43,-135.6 -76.43,-135.9 -76.43,-136.2 -76.43,-136.5 -76.43,-136.8 -76.43,-137.1 -76.43,-137.4 -76.43,-137.7 -76.43,-137.7 -76.357,-137.7 -76.284,-137.7 -76.211,-137.7 -76.138,-137.7 -76.065,-137.7 -75.992,-137.7 -75.919,-137.7 -75.846,-137.7 -75.773,-137.7 -75.7))"] | ["POINT(-136.2 -76.065)"] | false | false |
Ion Concentrations from SPRESSO Ice Core, Antarctica
|
0636506 |
2010-07-01 | Mayewski, Paul A.; Korotkikh, Elena |
Collaborative Proposal: 2000+ Year Detailed, Calibrated Climate Reconstruction from a South Pole Ice Core Set in an Antarctic - Global Scale Context |
This data set contains ion measurements from co-registered samples from the South Pole Remote Earth Science and Seismological Observatory (SPRESSO) ice core. The core was drilled during the 2002-2003 field season as part of the International Trans-Antarctic Science Expedition (ITASE). Samples were collected for ion chromatography, inductively coupled plasma sector field mass spectrometry and stable water isotope analysis. Parameters include measurements of ion concentrations in ice core samples. The data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel format (.xls). | ["POINT(-144.39 -89.93)"] | ["POINT(-144.39 -89.93)"] | false | false |
Microstructural Location and Composition of Impurities in Polar Ice Cores
|
9980379 0440523 |
2010-02-15 | Baker, Ian; Obbard, Rachel |
The Physical Properties of the US ITASE Firn and Ice Cores from South Pole to Taylor Dome |
This data set contains measurements of impurities and ions in three polar ice cores: the Vostok 5G ice core and the Byrd ice core from Antarctica, and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) D core. Parameters include sample depth, grain size, ion concentration, and ice core impurity information. Measurements were made using Ion Chromatography (IC), optical microscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscope-Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (SEM/EDS). Data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel (.xls)and Microsoft Word (.doc) formats. | ["POINT(-119.516667 -80.016667)", "POINT(106.8 -72.466667)", "POINT(-38.466667 72.583333)"] | ["POINT(-119.516667 -80.016667)", "POINT(106.8 -72.466667)", "POINT(-38.466667 72.583333)"] | false | false |
Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods
|
0808947 |
2010-01-01 | Fabry, Victoria; Hofmann, Gretchen |
Science of Opportunity: A SGER proposal to support the development of genomic resources for Antarctic pteropods |
This Small Grant for Exploratory Research (SGER) will support the rapid acquisition of DNA sequence for the Antarctic pteropod Limacina helicina, a resource that would allow the development of a cDNA microarray to profile gene expression in this critical marine invertebrate in response to ocean acidification. This request would facilitate the collaboration of the PI (Hofmann), a marine molecular ecologist, with co-PI, Prof. Victoria Fabry, an expert in pteropod calcification biology, and a leader in the ocean acidification research community. Finally, the resources developed here would be shared with the polar research community and all DNA sequence data and protocols would be available via web databases. Notably, the genomic tool developed here would most likely be useful for pteropods from Antarctic and Arctic waters. The broader impacts of this project would be the development of genomic tools for a critical Antarctic marine invertebrate that is threatened by ocean acidification. In addition, these resources would be shared with the polar biology research community. | ["POLYGON((-160 -70,-159 -70,-158 -70,-157 -70,-156 -70,-155 -70,-154 -70,-153 -70,-152 -70,-151 -70,-150 -70,-150 -70.7,-150 -71.4,-150 -72.1,-150 -72.8,-150 -73.5,-150 -74.2,-150 -74.9,-150 -75.6,-150 -76.3,-150 -77,-151 -77,-152 -77,-153 -77,-154 -77,-155 -77,-156 -77,-157 -77,-158 -77,-159 -77,-160 -77,-160 -76.3,-160 -75.6,-160 -74.9,-160 -74.2,-160 -73.5,-160 -72.8,-160 -72.1,-160 -71.4,-160 -70.7,-160 -70))"] | ["POINT(-155 -73.5)"] | false | false |
Methane Measurements from the GISP2 and Siple Dome Ice Cores
|
0520523 |
2009-12-09 | Brook, Edward J. |
Collaborative Research: New insights into the Holocene methane budget from dual isotope systematics and a high resolution record of the interpolar gradient |
This data set contains methane measurements made in trapped air in the Holocene sections of two ice cores: the Siple Dome ice core in Antarctica, and the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice core in Greenland. The measurements were made at Oregon State University between 2007 and 2009. Measurements were made relative to the NOAA04 methane concentration scale using a working standard internally calibrated to NOAA certified air standards. Concentrations are corrected for gravitational fractionation and solubility effects in the melt-refreeze extraction. Data are available via FTP in Microsoft Excel (.xls) format. | ["POINT(-38.466667 73.583333)", "POINT(-148.81 -81.65)"] | ["POINT(-38.466667 73.583333)", "POINT(-148.81 -81.65)"] | false | false |
Nitrogen and Oxygen Gas Isotopes in the Siple Dome and Byrd Ice Cores, Antarctica
|
0440975 |
2009-07-17 | Severinghaus, Jeffrey P. |
Nitrogen and oxygen gas isotopes in the Siple Dome and Byrd ice cores |
This data set consists of Gas-isotopic data from the Siple Dome and and Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) ice cores covering roughly the last 100,000 years (100 ka), consisting of d15N (15N/14N) of N2, d18O (18O/16O) of O2, dO2/N2, and dAr/N2. Derived parameters include d18Oatm, d15N, dO2/N2, and dAr/N2. Data are available via FTP as ASCII text files (.txt) and Microsoft Excel files (.xls). | ["POINT(-119.533333 -80.016667)"] | ["POINT(-119.533333 -80.016667)"] | false | false |
Environmental and Ecological Regulation of Differences and Interactions between Solitary and Colonial Forms of Phaeocystis Antarctica
|
0440478 |
2009-01-01 | Smith, Walker; Tang, Kam |
Environmental and Ecological Regulation of Differences and Interactions between Solitary and Colonial forms of Phaeocystis antarctica |
Phaeocystis Antarctica is a widely distributed phytoplankton that forms dense blooms and aggregates in the Southern Ocean. This phytoplankton and plays important roles in polar ecology and biogeochemistry, in part because it is a dominant primary producer, a main component of organic matter vertical fluxes, and the principal producer of volatile organic sulfur in the region. Yet P. Antarctica is also one of the lesser known species in terms of its physiology, life history and trophic relationships with other organisms; furthermore, information collected on other Phaeocystis species and from different locations may not be applicable to P. Antarctica in the Ross Sea. P. Antarctica occurs mainly as two morphotypes: solitary cells and mucilaginous colonies, which differ significantly in size, architecture and chemical composition. Relative dominance between solitary cells and colonies determines not only the size spectrum of the population, but also its carbon dynamics, nutrient uptake and utilization. Conventional thinking of the planktonic trophic processes is also challenged by the fact that colony formation could effectively alter the predator-prey interactions and interspecific competition. However, the factors that regulate the differences between solitary and colonial forms of P. Antarctica are not well-understood. The research objective of this proposal is therefore to address these over-arching questions: 1. Do P. Antarctica solitary cells and colonies differ in growth, composition and photosynthetic rates? 2. How do nutrients and grazers affect colony development and size distribution of P. Antarctica? 3. How do nutrients and grazers act synergistically to affect the long-term population dynamics of P. Antarctica? Experiments will be conducted in the McMurdo station with natural P. Antarctica assemblages and co-occurring grazers. Laboratory experiments will be conducted to study size-specific growth and photosynthetic rates of P. Antarctica, size-specific grazing mortality due to microzooplankton and mesozooplankton, the effects of macronutrients on the (nitrogen compounds) relative dominance of solitary cells and colonies, and the effects of micronutrient (Fe) and grazing related chemical signals on P. Antarctica colony development. Because this species is of critical importance in the Southern Ocean, and because this research will provide critical information on factors that regulate the role of P.Antarctica in food webs and biogeochemical cycles, a major gap in knowledge will be addressed. This project will train two marine science Ph.D. students. The investigators will also collaborate with the School of Education and a marine science museum to communicate polar science to a broader audience. | ["POINT(166.66267 -77.85067)"] | ["POINT(166.66267 -77.85067)"] | false | false |
Solar activity during the last millennium, estimated from cosmogenic in-situ C14 in South Pole and GISP2 ice cores
|
0538683 |
2009-01-01 | Lal, Devendra |
Solar Activity during the Last Millennium, Estimated from Cosmogenic in-situ 14C in South Pole and GISP2 Ice Cores |
The principal aim of this research is to determine the precise manner in which solar activity has varied in the past 1000 years. During this period, four periods of very low solar activity have been identified: Wolf (1305-1345 AD), Spoerer (1418-1540 AD), Maunder (1645-1715), and one period of high solar activity (1100-1250 A.D.) have been deduced based on available historical records of sunspot numbers and aurora. Our proposal aims to study the solar activity during the past 1000 years in detail using a new method, based on studies of polar ice, as developed earlier (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 234, 335-349, 2005). The method is based on the fact that greater solar activity leads to production of greater magnetic fields in the heliosphere, which reduces the primary cosmic ray flux in the near Earth environment, and vice-versa. Consequently if one can measure the primary cosmic ray flux in the near Earth space, it becomes a direct measure of the solar activity. Lal et al. (Earth and Planetary Science Letters, 234, 335-349, 2005) concluded that the best way of measuring the primary cosmic ray flux would be to measure the concentration of cosmogenic in-situ produced 14C in polar ice sheets, which was discovered by Lal et al. (Nature 346, 350-352, 1990). Following this idea Lal et al. (op. cit.) measured cosmogenic in-situ produced in 19 samples from the GISP 2 core covering time range of 375-31,250 yrs B.P. Their studies showed that there were two periods of very low solar activity in this time bracket (during 8500-9500 B.P and 27,000-32,000 B.P.), and one high solar activity period during 12,000-16,000 yrs B.P. In order to provide an independent check on the veracity of the new method, we decided to apply it to the historical period, < 1000 yrs B.P. The inferred Solar activities based on the study of cosmogenic in-situ produced 14C in South Pole ice samples clearly establish that there was a period of high Solar activity during 1100-1250 A.D., and a period of very low solar activity during 1416-1534 A.D, designated as the Spoerer Minimum. These results however do not confirm the proposed dates for the Dalton and the Maunder Minimum periods, predicted to be 1795-1825 A.D. and 1654-1714 A.D. respectively. Instead, our studies show that there was a long duration period of low solar activity during 1750-1860 A.D. These results make it quite clear that we should carry out more studies to fully establish the temporal behavior of the Solar activity in the past 1000 yrs. | ["POINT(-180 -90)"] | ["POINT(-180 -90)"] | false | false |
GISP2 (D Core) Helium Isotopes from Interplanetary Dust
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0126057 |
2008-12-16 | Brook, Edward J.; Kurz, Mark D. |
High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change |
Ice Core Interplanetary Dust Helium Isotope Data Helium isotope data from Ice Cores at GISP2 (Greenland) and Vostok (Antarctica) as a proxy for extraterrestrial dust flux. | [] | [] | false | false |
GISP2 (D Core) Methane Concentration Data
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0126057 |
2008-12-16 | Brook, Edward J. |
High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change |
This ice core data is archived at the World Data Center for Paleoclimatology and is available through the Ice Core Data Gateway. The data includes methane data from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2). GISP2 is an ice core project that drilled through the Greenland ice sheet and 1.55 meters into bedrock. The ice core is 3053.44 meters in depth, the deepest ice core recovered in the world at the time. The ice core was completed in 1993 after five years of drilling. Methane concentrations were determined by GC-FID using standards calibrated by NOAA CMDL. The gas age time scales and analytical techniques are described in further detail in the publication. | [] | [] | false | false |
Iceberg Harmonic Tremor, Seismometer Data, Antarctica
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0229546 |
2008-10-01 | Okal, Emile; Aster, Richard; Bassis, Jeremy; MacAyeal, Douglas |
Collaborative Research of Earth's Largest Icebergs |
Seismometers were placed on a 25 km by 50 km iceberg called C16 in the Ross Sea, Antarctica, to identify the Iceberg harmonic Tremor (IHT) source mechanism and to understand the relevance of IHT to iceberg calving, drift and break-up. The seismic observations reveal that the IHT signal consists of extended episodes of stick-slip icequakes (typically thousands per hour) generated when the ice-cliff edges of two tabular icebergs rub together during glancing, strike/slip type iceberg collisions (e.g., between C16 and B15A). With the source mechanism revealed, IHT may provide a promising signal useful for the study of iceberg behavior and iceberg-related processes such as climate-induced ice-shelf disintegration. Here, a single day of seismometer data for a single station on iceberg C16 is provided as an example of "a day in the life of an iceberg" for use by scientists and students wishing to know more about IHT. The station data is from C16 "B" site on C16's northeast corner, and the day is 27 December, 2003, a day when B15A struck C16 and caused an episode of tremor that was particularly easy to identify and understand. This represents only a small fraction of the total data that exist for the seismic program on iceberg C16. The full data are archived at the IRIS data center (where seismic data is commonly archived). This one-day data set is to provide glaciologists with ready access to a good example of IHT that they can use for teaching and for demonstration purposes. Data are available in comma-delimited ASCII format and Matlab native mat files. Data are available via FTP. | ["POINT(168 -77)"] | ["POINT(168 -77)"] | false | false |
Antarctic Auroral Imaging
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0636899 |
2008-01-01 | Frey, Harald; Mende, Stephen |
Antarctic Auroral Imaging |
Auroral protons are not energized by electric fields directly above the auroral atmosphere and therefore they are a much better diagnostic of processes deep in the magnetosphere. It has been shown from measurements from space by the IMAGE spacecraft that the dayside hydrogen emission is directly related to dayside reconnection processes. A four channel all-sky images had been operating at South Pole during 2004-2007 to observe auroral features in specific wavelengths channels that allowed a quantitative investigation of proton aurora. This was accomplished by measuring the Hydrogen Balmer beta line at 486.1 nm and by monitoring another wavelength band for subtracting non proton produced background emissions. South Pole allows these measurements because of the 24 hour darkness and favorable conditions even on the dayside. To increase the scientific return it was also attempted to measure the Doppler shift of the hydrogen emissions because that provides diagnostics regarding the energy of the protons. Thus the proton camera measured 3 wavelength bands simultaneously in the vicinity of the Balmer beta line to provide the line intensity near zero Doppler shift, at a substantial Doppler shift and a third channel for background. The 4-channel all-sky camera at South Pole was modified in 2008 in order to observe several types of auroras, and to distinguish the cusp reconnection aurora from the normal plasma sheet precipitation. The camera simultaneously operates in four wavelength regions that allow a distinction between auroras that are created by higher energy electrons (greater than 1 keV) and those created by low energy (less than 500 eV) precipitation. The cusp is the location where plasma enters the magnetosphere through the process of magnetic reconnection. This reconnection occurs where the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) and the terrestrial magnetic field are oriented in opposite directions. The data are represented as keograms (geomagnetic north-south slices through the time series of images) for the four different wavelengths. The top of the keogram points to the magnetic south pole. The time series allows a very quick assessment about the presence of aurora, motion, intensity, and brightness differences in the four simultaneously registered channels. | [] | [] | false | false |
Trapped Gas Composition and Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core
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0230260 |
2007-07-10 | Bender, Michael; Suwa, Makoto |
Collaborative Research: Trapped Gas Composition and the Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core |
This data set includes a time scale for the Vostok ice core, retrieved from Vostok Station on the East Antarctic Plateau. This chronology is derived by orbitally tuning to molecular oxygen to nitrogen (O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>) ratios in occluded air for depths deeper than 1550 m (greater than 112,000 years old), and by gas correlation to the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) chronology for the ice core section that is shallower than 1422 m (less than 102,000 years old). Because of poor gas preservation in air bubbles in shallower depths, investigators could only constrain the Vostok chronology for the section deeper than 1550 m by O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub>. Thus for the shallower section of the core, they synchronized the Vostok delta oxygen-18 (δ<sup>18</sup>O) and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) measurements to those of the GISP2 to obtain the chronology (see Bender, et al. 2006). Note, CH<sub>4</sub> data are not included in this data set. Investigators analyzed the O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> and the<em><strong> </strong></em>δ<sup>18</sup>O record ratios for approximately the past 115,000 to 400,000 years in the Vostok ice core. They combined new measurements for O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> and δ<sup>18</sup>O with data from Bender (2002) and Petit, et al. (1999), respectively. Data are in Microsoft Excel format and are available via FTP. | ["POINT(106.8 -72.4667)"] | ["POINT(106.8 -72.4667)"] | false | false |
Antarctic and Greenland Climate Change Comparison
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0126057 |
2004-08-27 | Blunier, Thomas; Stauffer, Bernhard; Chappellaz, Jerome; Brook, Edward J. |
High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change |
This data set compares global atmospheric concentration of methane from ice cores taken on the ice sheets of Antarctica and Greenland. The data come from multiple ice cores on each continent, including Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP) and Greenland Ice Sheet Project (GISP) ice cores and the Byrd and Vostok cores from Antarctica. (The orignal dataset is located at ftp://ftp.ncdc.noaa.gov/pub/data/paleo/icecore/greenland/summit/grip/synchronization/) | [] | [] | false | false |
Siple Dome Methane Record
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0512971 |
2003-08-18 | Brook, Edward J. |
High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change |
This data set is part of the WAISCORES project, an NSF-funded project to understand the influence of the West Antarctic ice sheet on climate and sea level change. WAISCORES researchers acquired and analyzed ice cores from the Siple Dome, in the Siple Coast region, West Antarctica. Brooks measured methane in approximately 196 samples between 55.6 and 738.5 m (0-20 ka) in the Siple Dome ice core, and then extended the Siple Dome methane record at medium resolution down to about 860m, corresponding to an age of about 45 ka. The team compared the results with data from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) and the Greenland Ice Core Project (GRIP). | ["POINT(-149 -81)"] | ["POINT(-149 -81)"] | false | false |
GISP2 (B and D Core) Methane Concentrations
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0512971 |
2003-05-14 | Brook, Edward J. |
High Resolution Records of Atmospheric Methane in Ice Cores and Implications for Late Quaternary Climate Change |
The data include methane data from the Greenland Ice Sheet Project 2 (GISP2) B & D Cores. Gas ages were calculated according to the methods described in Brook et al. 1996, and are subject to change. Ice ages were calculated by by linear interpolation from the Meese et al. timescale. | ["POINT(-149 -81)"] | ["POINT(-149 -81)"] | false | false |