USAP-DC

{"dp_type": "Project", "free_text": "Atmospheric Gases"}

[{"awards": "1445205 Putkonen, Jaakko", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((157.6 -83.2,157.62 -83.2,157.64 -83.2,157.66 -83.2,157.68 -83.2,157.7 -83.2,157.72 -83.2,157.74 -83.2,157.76 -83.2,157.78 -83.2,157.8 -83.2,157.8 -83.21,157.8 -83.22,157.8 -83.23,157.8 -83.24,157.8 -83.25,157.8 -83.26,157.8 -83.27,157.8 -83.28,157.8 -83.29,157.8 -83.3,157.78 -83.3,157.76 -83.3,157.74 -83.3,157.72 -83.3,157.7 -83.3,157.68 -83.3,157.66 -83.3,157.64 -83.3,157.62 -83.3,157.6 -83.3,157.6 -83.29,157.6 -83.28,157.6 -83.27,157.6 -83.26,157.6 -83.25,157.6 -83.24,157.6 -83.23,157.6 -83.22,157.6 -83.21,157.6 -83.2))", "dataset_titles": "Cosmogenic-Nuclide data at ICE-D; Old Ice, Ong Valley, Transantarctic Mountains", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "200295", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "ICE-D", "science_program": null, "title": "Cosmogenic-Nuclide data at ICE-D", "url": "https://version2.ice-d.org/antarctica/nsf/"}, {"dataset_uid": "601665", "doi": "10.15784/601665", "keywords": "Antarctica; Buried Ice; Cosmogenic Isotopes; Cryosphere; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Old Ice; Ong Valley", "people": "Putkonen, Jaakko; Bergelin, Marie", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Old Ice, Ong Valley, Transantarctic Mountains", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601665"}], "date_created": "Fri, 16 Jul 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Finding the oldest ice on Earth can tell us about the climate and life forms in the distant past\r\n\r\nRecently we discovered a mile wide and hundreds of feet thick ice body in Antarctica that is buried under just a few feet of dirt. Thus far our analyses of the dirt suggest that the ice is over million years old. Generally, glacial ice contains tiny bubbles and dirt that was deposited and locked in the ice by the ancient snowfall and today still holds small samples of the atmospheric gases and everything else that was carried by the winds in the past. Such samples may include the amount of greenhouse gases, plant pollen, microbes, and mineral dust. Therefore the glaciers are like archives where we can access and study the Earth\u2019s history with samples that are unavailable anywhere else. Ice survives poorly on Earth\u2019s surface and therefore currently only few ice samples are known that are approximately million years old. Our site has a high potential to harbor perhaps the oldest ice on Earth. However, first we need to sample and date the ice. Our research will also help us understand how these pockets of buried ice can survive such unusually long periods of time. Such understanding will help us study the landforms and history of not only Antarctica but also the Mars where similar dirt covered glaciers are found today.\r\n\r\nWe propose to collect regolith samples through the approximately 1 m thick cover and to core the buried ice in Ong Valley down to 10 m depth to determine the cosmogenic nuclide concentrations both in the regolith and in the embedded mineral matter suspended in the ice. The systematics of the target cosmogenic nuclides (10Be, 26Al, and 21Ne) such as half-lives, isotope production rates, production pathways, and related attenuation lengths allow us to uniquely determine the age of the ice and the rate the ice is sublimating. Our existing samples and analyses reveal accumulation of mineral matter at the base of surficial debris layer and the surface erosion of this debris by eolian processes. The intellectual merit of the proposed activity: Our main objective is to unequivocally determine the age and sublimation rate of two buried massive ice bodies in time scale of thousands to millions of years. The slow sublimation is a fundamentally Antarctic process, and may have altered most of the currently ice-free areas throughout the continent. Similar large, debris covered ice bodies have been recently discovered in Mars as well. Our results may transform the understanding of the longevity of the buried ice bodies and potentially reveal the oldest ice ever found in the interior of the Antarctica. If proven old and slowly sublimating, this buried ice can potentially yield direct information about the atmospheric chemistry, ancient life forms, and geology of greater antiquity than the currently available and sampled ice bodies. The broader impacts resulting from the proposed activity: The results will be relevant to researchers in glaciology, paleoclimatology, planetary geology, and biology. Several students will participate in the project and do field work in Antarctica, work in lab, attend meetings, attend outreach activities, and produce videos. A graduate student will prepare his/her thesis on a topic closely related to the objectives of the proposed research. The results of the research will be published in scientific meetings and publications.\r\n", "east": 157.8, "geometry": "POINT(157.7 -83.25)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; AMD; USA/NSF; FIELD SURVEYS; Transantarctic Mountains; AMD/US; GLACIERS/ICE SHEETS", "locations": "Transantarctic Mountains", "north": -83.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Earth Sciences; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "putkonen, jaakko; Balco, Gregory; Morgan, Daniel", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "ICE-D", "repositories": "Other; USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -83.3, "title": "Collaborative Research: Long Term Sublimation/Preservation of Two Separate, Buried Glacier Ice Masses, Ong Valley, Southern Transantarctic Mountains", "uid": "p0010231", "west": 157.6}, {"awards": "1907974 Saltzman, Eric", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((129.26 -89.86,130.261 -89.86,131.262 -89.86,132.263 -89.86,133.264 -89.86,134.265 -89.86,135.266 -89.86,136.267 -89.86,137.268 -89.86,138.269 -89.86,139.27 -89.86,139.27 -89.861,139.27 -89.862,139.27 -89.863,139.27 -89.864,139.27 -89.865,139.27 -89.866,139.27 -89.867,139.27 -89.868,139.27 -89.869,139.27 -89.87,138.269 -89.87,137.268 -89.87,136.267 -89.87,135.266 -89.87,134.265 -89.87,133.264 -89.87,132.263 -89.87,131.262 -89.87,130.261 -89.87,129.26 -89.87,129.26 -89.869,129.26 -89.868,129.26 -89.867,129.26 -89.866,129.26 -89.865,129.26 -89.864,129.26 -89.863,129.26 -89.862,129.26 -89.861,129.26 -89.86))", "dataset_titles": "H2 in South Pole firn air", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601332", "doi": "10.15784/601332", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Firn; Glaciology; Hydrogen; Ice Core Records; Snow/Ice; South Pole", "people": "Saltzman, Eric", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "H2 in South Pole firn air", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601332"}], "date_created": "Tue, 09 Jun 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Hydrogen (H2) is one of the most abundant trace gases in the atmosphere, with a mean level of 500 ppb and an atmospheric lifetime of about two years. Hydrogen has an impact on both air quality and climate, due to its role as a precursor for tropospheric ozone and stratospheric water vapor. Projections indicate that a future \"hydrogen economy\" would increase hydrogen emissions. Understanding of the atmospheric hydrogen budget is largely based on a 30-year record of surface air measurements, but there are no long-term records with which to assess either: 1) the influence of climate change on atmospheric hydrogen, or 2) the extent to which humans have impacted the hydrogen budget. Polar ice core records of hydrogen will advance our understanding of the atmospheric hydrogen cycle and provide a stronger basis for projecting future changes to atmospheric levels of hydrogen and their impacts. \u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThe research will involve laboratory work to enable the collection and analysis of hydrogen in polar ice cores. Hydrogen is a highly diffusive molecule and, unlike most other atmospheric gases, diffusion of hydrogen in ice is so rapid that ice samples must be stored in impermeable containers immediately upon drilling and recovery. This project will: 1) construct a laboratory system for extracting and analyzing hydrogen in polar ice, 2) develop and test materials and construction designs for vessels to store ice core samples in the field, and 3) test the method on samples of opportunity previously stored in the field. The goal of this project is a proven, cost-effective design for storage flasks to be fabricated for use on future polar ice coring projects. This project will support the dissertation research of a graduate student in the UC Irvine Department of Earth System Science.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award reflects NSF\u0027s statutory mission and has been deemed worthy of support through evaluation using the Foundation\u0027s intellectual merit and broader impacts review criteria.", "east": 139.27, "geometry": "POINT(134.265 -89.865)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "LABORATORY; USAP-DC; Firn; TRACE GASES/TRACE SPECIES; South Pole; FIELD INVESTIGATION", "locations": "South Pole", "north": -89.86, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Facilities; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Saltzman, Eric", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -89.87, "title": "EAGER: Feasibility of Reconstructing the Atmospheric History of Molecular Hydrogen from Antarctic Ice", "uid": "p0010106", "west": 129.26}, {"awards": "1141839 Steig, Eric; 1142646 Twickler, Mark; 1142517 Aydin, Murat", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(90 -90)", "dataset_titles": "South Pole Ice Core Holocene Major Ion Dataset; South Pole Ice Core Sea Salt Sodium; South Pole ice core (SPC14) discrete methane data; South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) SPC14 Core Quality Versus Depth; SP19 Gas Chronology; Temperature, accumulation rate, and layer thinning from the South Pole ice core (SPC14)", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601381", "doi": "10.15784/601381", "keywords": "Antarctica; CH4; Cryosphere; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Records; Methane; South Pole; SPICEcore", "people": "Kreutz, Karl; Kalk, Michael; Ferris, David G.; Hood, Ekaterina; Kennedy, Joshua A.; Epifanio, Jenna; Brook, Edward J.; Buizert, Christo; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Aydin, Murat; Edwards, Jon S.; Sowers, Todd A.; Kahle, Emma; Steig, Eric J.; Winski, Dominic A.; Osterberg, Erich; Fudge, T. J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "South Pole ice core (SPC14) discrete methane data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601381"}, {"dataset_uid": "601475", "doi": "10.15784/601475", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Chemistry; Ice Core Records; Major Ion; Sea Ice; Sea Salt; Sodium; South Pole; SPICEcore", "people": "Winski, Dominic A.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "South Pole Ice Core Sea Salt Sodium", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601475"}, {"dataset_uid": "601221", "doi": "10.15784/601221", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Depth; Ice Core Records; Snow/Ice; SPICEcore", "people": "Casey, Kimberly A.; Souney, Joseph Jr.; Twickler, Mark; Fegyveresi, John; Aydin, Murat; Steig, Eric J.; Nunn, Richard; Hargreaves, Geoff; Fudge, T. J.; Nicewonger, Melinda R.; Kahle, Emma", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "South Pole Ice Core (SPICEcore) SPC14 Core Quality Versus Depth", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601221"}, {"dataset_uid": "601399", "doi": "10.15784/601399", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Chemistry; Ice Core Records; Major Ion; Sea Ice; Sea Salt; Sodium; South Pole; SPICEcore", "people": "Winski, Dominic A.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "South Pole Ice Core Holocene Major Ion Dataset", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601399"}, {"dataset_uid": "601396", "doi": "10.15784/601396", "keywords": "Accumulation; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Diffusion Length; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Ice Dynamics; Layer Thinning; Oxygen Isotopes; South Pole; SPICECORE; Temperature", "people": "Schauer, Andrew; Stevens, Max; Conway, Howard; Waddington, Edwin D.; Buizert, Christo; Epifanio, Jenna; White, James; Kahle, Emma; Vaughn, Bruce; Morris, Valerie; Koutnik, Michelle; Fudge, T. J.; Jones, Tyler R.; Steig, Eric J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "Temperature, accumulation rate, and layer thinning from the South Pole ice core (SPC14)", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601396"}, {"dataset_uid": "601380", "doi": "10.15784/601380", "keywords": "Antarctica; CH4; Cryosphere; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Ice Core Stratigraphy; Methane; South Pole; SPICEcore", "people": "Epifanio, Jenna", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "SP19 Gas Chronology", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601380"}], "date_created": "Wed, 30 Oct 2019 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This proposal requests support for a project to drill and recover a new ice core from South Pole, Antarctica. The South Pole ice core will be drilled to a depth of 1500 m, providing an environmental record spanning approximately 40 kyrs. This core will be recovered using a new intermediate drill, which is under development by the U.S. Ice Drilling Design and Operations (IDDO) group in collaboration with Danish scientists. This proposal seeks support to provide: 1) scientific management and oversight for the South Pole ice core project, 2) personnel for ice core drilling and core processing, 3) data management, and 3) scientific coordination and communication via scientific workshops. The intellectual merit of the work is that the analysis of stable isotopes, atmospheric gases, and aerosol-borne chemicals in polar ice has provided unique information about the magnitude and timing of changes in climate and climate forcing through time. The international ice core research community has articulated the goal of developing spatial arrays of ice cores across Antarctica and Greenland, allowing the reconstruction of regional patterns of climate variability in order to provide greater insight into the mechanisms driving climate change. The broader impacts of the project include obtaining the South Pole ice core will support a wide range of ice core science projects, which will contribute to the societal need for a basic understanding of climate and the capability to predict climate and ice sheet stability on long time scales. Second, the project will help train the next generation of ice core scientists by providing the opportunity for hands-on field and core processing experience for graduate students and postdoctoral researchers. A postdoctoral researcher at the University of Washington will be directly supported by this project, and many other young scientists will interact with the project through individual science proposals. Third, the project will result in the development of a new intermediate drill which will become an important resource to US ice core science community. This drill will have a light logistical footprint which will enable a wide range of ice core projects to be carried out that are not currently feasible. Finally, although this project does not request funds for outreach activities, the project will run workshops that will encourage and enable proposals for coordinated outreach activities involving the South Pole ice core science team.", "east": 90.0, "geometry": "POINT(90 -90)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CHEMICAL METERS/ANALYZERS \u003e GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; South Pole; Antarctica; ICE CORE RECORDS; FIELD INVESTIGATION; AMD/US; ANALYTICAL LAB; USA/NSF; AMD; Ice Core", "locations": "Antarctica; South Pole", "north": -90.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Twickler, Mark; Souney, Joseph Jr.; Aydin, Murat; Steig, Eric J.", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION; OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e ANALYTICAL LAB", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: A 1500m Ice Core from South Pole", "uid": "p0010060", "west": 90.0}, {"awards": "1443341 Hawley, Robert; 1443471 Koutnik, Michelle", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((110 -89,117 -89,124 -89,131 -89,138 -89,145 -89,152 -89,159 -89,166 -89,173 -89,180 -89,180 -89.1,180 -89.2,180 -89.3,180 -89.4,180 -89.5,180 -89.6,180 -89.7,180 -89.8,180 -89.9,180 -90,173 -90,166 -90,159 -90,152 -90,145 -90,138 -90,131 -90,124 -90,117 -90,110 -90,110 -89.9,110 -89.8,110 -89.7,110 -89.6,110 -89.5,110 -89.4,110 -89.3,110 -89.2,110 -89.1,110 -89))", "dataset_titles": "7MHz radar in the vicinity of South Pole; Firn density and compaction rates 50km upstream of South Pole; Firn temperatures 50km upstream of South Pole; Shallow radar near South Pole; South Pole area GPS velocities; SPICEcore Advection", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601369", "doi": "10.15784/601369", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Ice Sheet", "people": "Waddington, Edwin D.; Koutnik, Michelle; Fudge, T. J.; Lilien, David; Conway, Howard; Stevens, Max", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "7MHz radar in the vicinity of South Pole", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601369"}, {"dataset_uid": "601099", "doi": "10.15784/601099", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Radar; Snow Accumulation; Snow/Ice", "people": "Conway, Howard; Koutnik, Michelle; Fudge, T. J.; Lilien, David; Waddington, Edwin D.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "Shallow radar near South Pole", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601099"}, {"dataset_uid": "601100", "doi": "10.15784/601100", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPS; Ice Velocity", "people": "Fudge, T. J.; Koutnik, Michelle; Conway, Howard; Lilien, David; Waddington, Edwin D.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "South Pole area GPS velocities", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601100"}, {"dataset_uid": "601525", "doi": "10.15784/601525", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Firn; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Data; Ice Core Records; Snow/Ice; South Pole; SPICECORE; Temperature", "people": "Fudge, T. J.; Lilien, David; Conway, Howard; Stevens, Christopher Max; Waddington, Edwin D.; Koutnik, Michelle", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "Firn temperatures 50km upstream of South Pole", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601525"}, {"dataset_uid": "601266", "doi": "10.15784/601266", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Ice Core Data; South Pole; SPICECORE", "people": "Fudge, T. J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "SPICEcore Advection", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601266"}, {"dataset_uid": "601680", "doi": "10.15784/601680", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Cryosphere; Firn; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Snow/Ice; South Pole; temperatures", "people": "Waddington, Edwin D.; Lilien, David; Koutnik, Michelle; Stevens, Christopher Max; Conway, Howard; Fudge, T. J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Firn density and compaction rates 50km upstream of South Pole", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601680"}], "date_created": "Thu, 14 Jun 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ice-core records are critical to understanding past climate variations. An Antarctic ice core currently being drilled at the South Pole will allow detailed investigation of atmospheric gases and fill an important gap in understanding the pattern of climate variability across Antarctica. Critical to the interpretation of any ice core are: 1) accurate chronologies for both the ice and the trapped gas and 2) demonstration that records from the ice core reliably reflect climate. The proposed research will improve the ice and gas chronologies by making measurements of snow compaction in the upstream catchment in order to constrain age models of the ice. These measurements will be a key data set needed for better understanding and predicting time-varying conditions in the upper part of the ice sheet. The research team will measure the modern spatial gradients in accumulation rate, surface temperature, and water stable isotopes from shallow ice cores in the upstream catchment in order to determine the climate history from the ice-core record. The new ice-flow measurements will make it possible to define the path of ice from upstream to the South Pole ice-core drill site to assess spatial gradients in snowfall and to infer histories of snowfall from internal layers within the ice sheet. The project will be led by an early-career scientist, provide broad training to graduate students, and engage in public outreach on polar science.\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eIce-core records of stable isotopes, aerosol-born particles, and atmospheric gases are critical to understanding past climate variations. The proposed research will improve the ice and gas chronologies in the South Pole ice core by making in situ measurements of firn compaction in the upstream catchment to constrain models of the gas-age ice-age difference. The firn measurements will be a key data set needed to form a constitutive relationship for firn, and will drive better understanding and prediction of transient firn evolution. The research team will measure the modern gradients in accumulation rate, surface temperature, and water stable isotopes in the upstream catchment to separate spatial (advection) variations from temporal (climate) variations in the ice-core records. The ice-flow measurements will define the flowline upstream of the drill site, assess spatial gradients in accumulation, and infer histories of accumulation from radar-observed internal layers. Results will directly enhance interpretation of South Pole ice-core records, and also advance understanding of firn densification and drive next-generation firn models.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(145 -89.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "FIELD SURVEYS; FIRN; Firn; USAP-DC; South Pole; ICE CORE RECORDS; Radar", "locations": "South Pole", "north": -89.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Koutnik, Michelle; Conway, Howard; Waddington, Edwin D.; Fudge, T. J.; Hawley, Robert L.; Osterberg, Erich", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core", "uid": "p0000200", "west": 110.0}, {"awards": "1443232 Waddington, Edwin", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((110 -89,117 -89,124 -89,131 -89,138 -89,145 -89,152 -89,159 -89,166 -89,173 -89,180 -89,180 -89.1,180 -89.2,180 -89.3,180 -89.4,180 -89.5,180 -89.6,180 -89.7,180 -89.8,180 -89.9,180 -90,173 -90,166 -90,159 -90,152 -90,145 -90,138 -90,131 -90,124 -90,117 -90,110 -90,110 -89.9,110 -89.8,110 -89.7,110 -89.6,110 -89.5,110 -89.4,110 -89.3,110 -89.2,110 -89.1,110 -89))", "dataset_titles": "AC-ECM for SPICEcore; ECM (DC and AC) multi-track data and images from 2016 processing season", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601189", "doi": " 10.15784/601189 ", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Electrical Conductivity; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Records; Physical Properties; Snow/Ice; South Pole; SPICEcore; Volcanic", "people": "Waddington, Edwin D.; Fudge, T. J.", "repository": "USAP", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "AC-ECM for SPICEcore", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601189"}, {"dataset_uid": "601366", "doi": "10.15784/601366", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere", "people": "Fudge, T. J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "SPICEcore", "title": "ECM (DC and AC) multi-track data and images from 2016 processing season", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601366"}], "date_created": "Tue, 08 May 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ice cores record detailed histories of past climate variations. The South Pole ice core will allow investigation of atmospheric trace gases and fill an important gap in understanding the pattern of climate variability across Antarctica. An accurate timescale that assigns an age to the ice at each depth in the core is essential to interpretation of the ice-core records. This work will use electrical methods to identify volcanic eruptions throughout the past ~40,000 years in the core by detecting the enhanced electrical conductance in those layers due to volcanic impurities in the ice. These eruptions will be pattern-matched to other cores across Antarctica, synchronizing the timing of climate variations among cores and allowing the precise timescales developed for other Antarctic ice cores to be transferred to the South Pole ice core. The well-dated records of volcanic forcing will be combined with records of atmospheric gases, stable water-isotopes, and aerosols to better understand the large natural climate variations of the past 40,000 years. \u003cbr/\u003e \u003cbr/\u003eThe electrical conductance method and dielectric profiling measurements will be made along the length of each section of the South Pole ice core at the National Ice Core Lab. These measurements will help to establish a timescale for the core. Electrical measurements will provide a continuous record of volcanic events for the entire core including through the brittle ice (550-1250m representing ~10,000-20,000 year-old ice) where the core quality and thin annual layers may prevent continuous melt analysis and cause discrete measurements to miss volcanic events. The electrical measurements also produce a 2-D image of the electrical layering on a longitudinal cut surface of each core. These data will be used to identify any irregular or absent layering that would indicate a stratigraphic disturbance in the core. A robust chronology is essential to interpretation of the paleoclimate records from the South Pole ice core. The investigators will engage teachers through talks and webinars with the National Science Teachers Association and will share information with the public at events such as Polar Science Weekend at the Pacific Science Center. Results will be disseminated through publications and conference presentations and the data will be archived and publicly available.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(145 -89.5)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "USAP-DC; USA/NSF; LABORATORY; AMD; AMD/US", "locations": null, "north": -89.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Fudge, T. J.; Waddington, Edwin D.", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP", "repositories": "Other; USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "Using Electrical Conductance Measurements to Develop the South Pole Ice Core Chronology", "uid": "p0000378", "west": 110.0}, {"awards": "1443260 Conway, Howard", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((159 -76.68,159.03 -76.68,159.06 -76.68,159.09 -76.68,159.12 -76.68,159.15 -76.68,159.18 -76.68,159.21 -76.68,159.24 -76.68,159.27 -76.68,159.3 -76.68,159.3 -76.697,159.3 -76.714,159.3 -76.731,159.3 -76.748,159.3 -76.765,159.3 -76.782,159.3 -76.799,159.3 -76.816,159.3 -76.833,159.3 -76.85,159.27 -76.85,159.24 -76.85,159.21 -76.85,159.18 -76.85,159.15 -76.85,159.12 -76.85,159.09 -76.85,159.06 -76.85,159.03 -76.85,159 -76.85,159 -76.833,159 -76.816,159 -76.799,159 -76.782,159 -76.765,159 -76.748,159 -76.731,159 -76.714,159 -76.697,159 -76.68))", "dataset_titles": "2015-2016 GPR Field Report for Allan Hills Shallow Ice Coring; Ground-based ice-penetrating radar profiles collected on the Allan Hills blue ice region", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "601005", "doi": "10.15784/601005", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPR; Navigation; Radar", "people": "Conway, Howard", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "Ground-based ice-penetrating radar profiles collected on the Allan Hills blue ice region", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601005"}, {"dataset_uid": "601668", "doi": "10.15784/601668", "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ground Penetrating Radar; Ice Core; Report", "people": "MacKay, Sean; Brook, Edward", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Allan Hills", "title": "2015-2016 GPR Field Report for Allan Hills Shallow Ice Coring", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601668"}], "date_created": "Tue, 02 May 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Marine paleoclimate archives show that approximately one million years ago Earth\u0027s climate transitioned from 40,000-year glacial /interglacial cycles to 100,000-year cycles. This award will support a study designed to map the distribution of one million year-old ice in the Allan Hills Blue Ice Area, Antarctica using state-of-the-art ground penetrating radar. The Allen Hills was demonstrated to contain a continuous record of the past 400,000 years and is also the collection location of the oldest ice samples (990,000 years) yet recovered. The maps resulting from this study will be used to select an ice-core drilling site at which a million-plus year-old continuous record of climate could be recovered. Ice cores contain the only kind of record to directly capture atmospheric gases and aerosols, but no ice-core-based climate record yet extends continuously beyond the past 800,000 years. A million-plus year-old record will allow better understanding of the major mechanisms and driving forces of natural climate variability in a world with 100,000-year glacial/interglacial cycles. The project will support two early career scientists in collaboration with senior scientists, as well as a graduate student, and will conduct outreach to schools and the public.\r\nThe Allan Hills Blue Ice Area preserves a continuous climate record covering the last 400,000 years along an established glaciological flow line. Two kilometers to the east of this flow line, the oldest ice on Earth (~1 million years old) is found only 120 m below the surface. Meteorites collected in the area are reported to be as old as 1.8 million years, suggesting still older ice may be present. Combined, these data strongly suggest that the Allen Hills area could contain a continuous, well-resolved environmental record, spanning at least the last million years. As such, this area has been selected as an upcoming target for the new Intermediate Depth Ice Core Drill by the US Ice Core Working Group. This drill will recover a higher-quality core than previous dry drilling attempts. This project will conduct a comprehensive ground penetrating radar survey aimed at tracing the signature of the million-year-old ice layer throughout the region. The resulting map will be used to select a drill site from which an ice core containing the million-plus year-old continuous climate record will be collected. The proposed activities are a necessary precursor to the collection of the oldest known ice on Earth. Ice cores provide a robust reconstruction of past climate and extending this record beyond the 800,000 years currently available will open new opportunities to study the climate system. The data collected will also be used to investigate the bedrock and ice flow parameters favorable to the preservation of old ice, which may allow targeted investigation of other blue ice areas in Antarctica.", "east": 159.3, "geometry": "POINT(159.15 -76.765)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Allan Hills; FIELD SURVEYS; ICE SHEETS", "locations": "Allan Hills", "north": -76.68, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Conway, Howard", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.85, "title": "Collaborative Research: Allan HILLs Englacial Site (AHILLES) Selection", "uid": "p0000385", "west": 159.0}, {"awards": "9528807 Gordon, Arnold", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-69.58631 -52.35405,-66.572039 -52.35405,-63.557768 -52.35405,-60.543497 -52.35405,-57.529226 -52.35405,-54.514955 -52.35405,-51.500684 -52.35405,-48.486413 -52.35405,-45.472142 -52.35405,-42.457871 -52.35405,-39.4436 -52.35405,-39.4436 -53.54563,-39.4436 -54.73721,-39.4436 -55.92879,-39.4436 -57.12037,-39.4436 -58.31195,-39.4436 -59.50353,-39.4436 -60.69511,-39.4436 -61.88669,-39.4436 -63.07827,-39.4436 -64.26985,-42.457871 -64.26985,-45.472142 -64.26985,-48.486413 -64.26985,-51.500684 -64.26985,-54.514955 -64.26985,-57.529226 -64.26985,-60.543497 -64.26985,-63.557768 -64.26985,-66.572039 -64.26985,-69.58631 -64.26985,-69.58631 -63.07827,-69.58631 -61.88669,-69.58631 -60.69511,-69.58631 -59.50353,-69.58631 -58.31195,-69.58631 -57.12037,-69.58631 -55.92879,-69.58631 -54.73721,-69.58631 -53.54563,-69.58631 -52.35405))", "dataset_titles": "Expedition Data", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "002142", "doi": "", "keywords": null, "people": null, "repository": "R2R", "science_program": null, "title": "Expedition Data", "url": "https://www.rvdata.us/search/cruise/NBP9705"}], "date_created": "Tue, 04 May 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "9528807 Gordon The proposed project is part of a multi-institutional integrated study of the outflow of newly formed bottom water from the Weddell Sea and its dispersion into the South Atlantic Ocean. It builds upon earlier successful studies of the inflow of intermediate water masses into the Eastern Weddell Sea, their modification within the Weddell Gyre, and their interaction with bottom water formation processes in the western Weddell Sea. The study is called Deep Ocean Ventilation Through Antarctic Intermediate Layers (DOVETAIL) and includes six components involving hydrographic measurements, natural tracer experiments, and modeling studies. The study will be centered east of the Drake Passage where water masses from the Weddell Sea and the Scotia Sea come together in the Weddell-Scotia Confluence, and will be carried out in cooperation with the national antarctic programs of Germany and Spain. This particular component concerns observations of the temperature and salinity structure, as well as the chemical nature of the water column in the confluence region. The study has four related objectives. The first is to assess the quantity and the physical and chemical characteristics of Weddell Sea source waters for the confluence. The second is to describe the dominant processes associated with spreading and sinking of dense antarctic waters within the Weddell-Scotia Confluence. The third is to estimate the ventilation rate of the world ocean, and the fourth is to estimate seasonal fluctuations in the regional ocean transport and hydrographic structure and to assess the likely influence of seasonal to interannual variability on rates of ventilation by Weddell Sea waters. Ventilation of the deep ocean -- the rising of sub-surface water masses to the surface to be recharged with atmospheric gases and to give up heat to the atmosphere -- is a uniquely antarctic phenomenon that has significant consequences for global change by affecting the g lobal reservoir of carbon dioxide, and by modulating the amount and extent of seasonal sea ice in the southern hemisphere. This component will make systematic observations of the temperature salinity structure of the water and undertake an extensive sampling program for other chemical studies. The purpose is to identify the individual water masses and to relate their temperature and salinity characteristics to the modification processes within the Weddell Sea. ***", "east": -39.4436, "geometry": "POINT(-54.514955 -58.31195)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e PROFILERS/SOUNDERS \u003e ACOUSTIC SOUNDERS \u003e MSBS", "is_usap_dc": false, "keywords": "R/V NBP", "locations": null, "north": -52.35405, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Gordon, Arnold", "platforms": "WATER-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e VESSELS \u003e SURFACE \u003e R/V NBP", "repo": "R2R", "repositories": "Other", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.26985, "title": "Deep Ocean Ventilation Through Antarctic Intermediate Layers (DOVETAIL)", "uid": "p0000630", "west": -69.58631}, {"awards": "0440509 Battle, Mark; 0440759 Sowers, Todd; 0440701 Severinghaus, Jeffrey; 0440615 Brook, Edward; 0440498 White, James; 0440602 Saltzman, Eric", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(-112.085 -79.467)", "dataset_titles": "Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the WAIS Drilling Site, Antarctica; Ice Core Air Carbonyl Sulfide Measurements - SPRESSO Ice Core; Methane Isotopes from the WAIS Divide Ice Core; Surface Temperature Reconstruction from Borehole Temperature Measurement in WDC05A; WAIS ice core Methane Data, Carbon Dioxide Data", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "609435", "doi": "10.7265/N5J67DW0", "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:Fluid; Cryosphere; Geochemistry; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Isotope; Methane; Paleoclimate; WAIS divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Sowers, Todd A.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "Methane Isotopes from the WAIS Divide Ice Core", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609435"}, {"dataset_uid": "601357", "doi": "10.15784/601357", "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmospheric Gases; Cryosphere; gas measurement; Ice Core; Ice Core Gas Records; Trace Gases", "people": "Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Ice Core Air Carbonyl Sulfide Measurements - SPRESSO Ice Core", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601357"}, {"dataset_uid": "609412", "doi": "10.7265/N5251G40", "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:Fluid; Cryosphere; Geochemistry; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Snow/Ice; WAIS divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Saltzman, Eric", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the WAIS Drilling Site, Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609412"}, {"dataset_uid": "609493", "doi": "10.7265/N5319SV3", "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:Fluid; Cryosphere; Geochemistry; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; WAIS divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Sowers, Todd A.; McConnell, Joseph; Brook, Edward J.; Mitchell, Logan E; Taylor, Kendrick C.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "title": "WAIS ice core Methane Data, Carbon Dioxide Data", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609493"}, {"dataset_uid": "609638", "doi": "10.7265/N56971HF", "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Temperature; WAIS divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "people": "Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Orsi, Anais J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Surface Temperature Reconstruction from Borehole Temperature Measurement in WDC05A", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609638"}], "date_created": "Tue, 03 Feb 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to measure the elemental and isotopic composition of firn air and occluded air in shallow boreholes and ice cores from the WAIS Divide site, the location of a deep ice-coring program planned for 2006-07 and subsequent seasons. The three primary objectives are: 1) to establish the nature of firn air movement and trapping at the site to aid interpretations of gas data from the deep core; 2) to expand the suite of atmospheric trace gas species that can be measured in ice and replicate existing records of other species; and 3) to inter-calibrate all collaborating labs to insure that compositional and isotopic data sets are inter-comparable. The program will be initiated with a shallow drilling program during the 05/06 field season which will recover two 300+m cores and firn air samples. The ice core and firn air will provide more than 700 years of atmospheric history that will be used to address a number of important questions related to atmospheric change over this time period. The research team consists of six US laboratories that also plan to participate in the deep core program. This collaborative research program has a number of advantages. First, the scientists will be able to coordinate sample allocation a priori to maximize the resolution and overlap of records of interrelated species. Second, sample registration will be exact, allowing direct comparison of all records. Third, a coherent data set will be produced at the same time and all PI.s will participate in interpreting and publishing the results. This will insure that the best possible understanding of gas records at the WAIS Divide site will be achieved, and that all work necessary to interpret the deep core is conducted in a timely fashion. The collaborative structure created by the proposal will encourage sharing of techniques, equipment, and ideas between the laboratories. The research will identify impacts of various industrial/agricultural activities and help to distinguish them from natural variations, and will include species for which there are no long records of anthropogenic impact. The work will also help to predict future atmospheric loadings. The project will contribute to training scientists at several levels, including seven undergraduates, two graduate students and one post doctoral fellow.", "east": -112.085, "geometry": "POINT(-112.085 -79.467)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SPECTROMETERS/RADIOMETERS \u003e MASS SPECTROMETERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CHEMICAL METERS/ANALYZERS \u003e GC-MS; EARTH REMOTE SENSING INSTRUMENTS \u003e PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING \u003e SPECTROMETERS/RADIOMETERS \u003e SPECTROMETERS \u003e SPECTROMETERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e TEMPERATURE/HUMIDITY SENSORS \u003e THERMISTORS \u003e THERMISTORS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CORERS \u003e CORING DEVICES; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SAMPLERS \u003e BOTTLES/FLASKS/JARS \u003e FLASKS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e TEMPERATURE/HUMIDITY SENSORS \u003e THERMISTORS \u003e THERMISTORS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Ice Core Chemistry; Firn; Ice Sheet; Gas; deep core; Firn Air Isotopes; AGDC-project; WAIS Divide-project; LABORATORY; FIELD SURVEYS; bore hole; NSIDC \u003e National Snow and Ice Data Center; Ice Core; Firn Air Isotope Measurements; Shallow Firn Air; Atmospheric Gases; Isotope; trace gas species; Ice Core Data; Surface Temperatures; FIELD INVESTIGATION; Ice Core Gas Records; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; Firn Air; isotopic; air samples; Atmospheric; Firn Isotopes; gas data; cores; Polar Firn Air; NSIDC; Not provided; AGDC; Trapped Gases; West Antarctic Ice Sheet; WAIS divide; Antarctica", "locations": "West Antarctic Ice Sheet; Antarctica; WAIS divide", "north": -79.467, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": "PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC; PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC \u003e QUATERNARY \u003e HOLOCENE; PHANEROZOIC \u003e CENOZOIC \u003e QUATERNARY \u003e HOLOCENE", "persons": "Battle, Mark; Mischler, John; Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat; White, James; Brook, Edward J.; Orsi, Anais J.; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Sowers, Todd A.", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD INVESTIGATION; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; Not provided; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e FIELD SITES \u003e FIELD SURVEYS", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -79.467, "title": "Collaborative Research: Gases in Firn Air and Shallow Ice at the Proposed WAIS Divide Drilling Site", "uid": "p0000368", "west": -112.085}, {"awards": "0337891 Brook, Edward", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(158 -77.666667)", "dataset_titles": "Atmospheric CO2 and Climate: Byrd Ice Core, Antarctica; Atmospheric CO2 and Climate: Taylor Dome Ice Core, Antarctica", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "609314", "doi": "10.7265/N58W3B80", "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Byrd Glacier; Byrd Ice Core; Chemistry:Ice; Cryosphere; Geochemistry; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate", "people": "Ahn, Jinho; Brook, Edward J.", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Byrd Ice Core", "title": "Atmospheric CO2 and Climate: Byrd Ice Core, Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609314"}, {"dataset_uid": "609315", "doi": "10.7265/N5542KJK", "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:Ice; Cryosphere; Geochemistry; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Taylor Dome; Taylor Dome Ice Core", "people": "Brook, Edward J.; Ahn, Jinho", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Taylor Dome Ice Core", "title": "Atmospheric CO2 and Climate: Taylor Dome Ice Core, Antarctica", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609315"}], "date_created": "Mon, 05 Nov 2007 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports the development of a new laboratory capability in the U.S. to measure CO2 in ice cores and investigate millennial-scale changes in CO2 during the last glacial period using samples from the Byrd and Siple Dome ice cores. Both cores have precise relative chronologies based on correlation of methane and the isotopic composition of atmospheric oxygen with counterpart records from Greenland ice cores. The proposed work will therefore allow comparison of the timing of CO2 change, Antarctic temperature change, and Greenland temperature change on common time scales. Such comparisons are vital for evaluating models that explain changes in atmospheric CO2. The techniques being developed will also be available for future projects, specifically the proposed Inland WAIS ice core, for which a highly detailed CO2 record is a major objective, and studies greenhouse and other atmospheric gases and their isotopic composition for which dry extraction is necessary (stable isotopes in CO2, for example). There are many broad impacts of the proposed work. Ice core greenhouse gas records are central contributions of paleoclimatology to research and policy-making concerning global change. The proposed work will enhance those contributions by improving our understanding of the natural cycling of the most important greenhouse gas. It will contribute to the training of a postdoctoral researcher, who will be an integral part of an established research group and benefit from the diverse paleoclimate and geochemistry community at OSU. The PI teaches major and non-major undergraduate and graduate courses on climate and global change. The proposed work will enrich those courses and the courses will provide an opportunity for the postdoctoral researcher to participate in teaching by giving guest lectures. The PI also participates in a summer climate workshop for high school teachers at Washington State University and the proposed work will enrich that contribution. The extraction device that is built and the expertise gained in using it will be resources for the ice core community and available for future projects. Data will be made available through established national data center and the equipment designs will also be made available to other researchers.", "east": 158.0, "geometry": "POINT(158 -77.666667)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CORERS \u003e CORING DEVICES; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CHEMICAL METERS/ANALYZERS \u003e GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "LABORATORY; Not provided; Ice Core; Ice Core Data; Climate Change; CO2; ice cores; Atmospheric Chemistry; Climate; Ice Core Chemistry; Atmospheric Gases; Atmospheric CO2; Ice Core Gas Records; GROUND STATIONS; Climate Research", "locations": null, "north": -77.666667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Ahn, Jinho; Brook, Edward J.", "platforms": "OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e GROUND STATIONS; Not provided", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Taylor Dome Ice Core", "south": -77.666667, "title": "Developing Dry Extraction of Ice Core Gases and Application to Millennial-Scale Variability in Atmospheric CO2", "uid": "p0000268", "west": 158.0}, {"awards": "0230448 Severinghaus, Jeffrey; 0230260 Bender, Michael", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-75.34 86.6,-68.742 86.6,-62.144 86.6,-55.546 86.6,-48.948 86.6,-42.35 86.6,-35.752 86.6,-29.154 86.6,-22.556 86.6,-15.958 86.6,-9.36 86.6,-9.36 83.618,-9.36 80.636,-9.36 77.654,-9.36 74.672,-9.36 71.69,-9.36 68.708,-9.36 65.726,-9.36 62.744,-9.36 59.762,-9.36 56.78,-15.958 56.78,-22.556 56.78,-29.154 56.78,-35.752 56.78,-42.35 56.78,-48.948 56.78,-55.546 56.78,-62.144 56.78,-68.742 56.78,-75.34 56.78,-75.34 59.762,-75.34 62.744,-75.34 65.726,-75.34 68.708,-75.34 71.69,-75.34 74.672,-75.34 77.654,-75.34 80.636,-75.34 83.618,-75.34 86.6))", "dataset_titles": "Firn Air Inert Gas and Oxygen Observations from Siple Dome, 1996, and the South Pole, 2001; Trapped Gas Composition and Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "609290", "doi": "10.7265/N5FJ2DQC", "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:Fluid; Cryosphere; Geochemistry; Glaciology; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Snow/Ice; South Pole", "people": "Battle, Mark; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Bender, Michael", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "title": "Firn Air Inert Gas and Oxygen Observations from Siple Dome, 1996, and the South Pole, 2001", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609290"}, {"dataset_uid": "609311", "doi": "10.7265/N5P26W12", "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:Fluid; Cryosphere; Geochronology; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Ice Core Records; Lake Vostok; Paleoclimate; Vostok; Vostok Ice Core", "people": "Suwa, Makoto; Bender, Michael", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Trapped Gas Composition and Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609311"}], "date_created": "Wed, 18 Jan 2006 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "High latitude deep ice cores contain fundamental records of polar temperatures, atmospheric dust loads (and continental aridity), greenhouse gas concentrations, the status of the biosphere, and other essential properties of past environments. An accurate chronology for these records is needed if their significance is to be fully realized. The dating challenge has stimulated efforts at orbital tuning. In this approach, one varies a timescale, within allowable limits, to optimize the match between a paleoenvironmental property and a curve of insolation through time. The ideal property would vary with time due to direct insolation forcing. It would be unaffected by complex climate feedbacks and teleconnections, and it would give a clean record with high signal/noise ratio. It is argued strongly that the O2/N2 ratio of ice core trapped gases is such a property, and evidence is presented that this property, whose atmospheric ratio is nearly constant, is tied to local summertime insolation. This award will support a project to analyze the O2/N2 ratios at 1 kyr intervals from ~ 115-400 ka in the Vostok ice core. Ancillary measurements will be made of Ar/N2, and Ne/N2 and heavy noble gas ratios, in order to understand bubble close-off fractionation and its manifestation in the Vostok trapped gas record. O2/N2 variations will be matched with summertime insolation at Vostok to achieve a high-accuracy chronology for the Vostok core. The Vostok and other correlatable climate records will then be reexamined to improve our understanding of the dynamics of Pleistocene climate change.", "east": 106.8, "geometry": "POINT(106.8 -72.4667)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SPECTROMETERS/RADIOMETERS \u003e MASS SPECTROMETERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CORERS \u003e CORING DEVICES; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SAMPLERS \u003e BOTTLES/FLASKS/JARS \u003e FLASKS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SPECTROMETERS/RADIOMETERS \u003e MASS SPECTROMETERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CORERS \u003e CORING DEVICES", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Ice Age; Trapped Gases; Not provided; Shallow Firn Air; LABORATORY; Vostok; Firn Air Isotopes; Firn Air Isotope Measurements; ice sample gas integrity; noble gases; Thermal Fractionation; Polar Firn Air; Ice Core Chemistry; Trapped Air Bubbles; Oxygen Isotopes; Ice Core; Antarctica; South Pole; Ice Core Data; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; Gas Age; Firn Isotopes; Ice Core Gas Records; Atmospheric Gases", "locations": "Antarctica; Vostok; Siple Dome; South Pole", "north": -72.4667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Battle, Mark; Bender, Michael; Suwa, Makoto; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "platforms": "Not provided; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -72.4667, "title": "Collaborative Research: Trapped Gas Composition and the Chronology of the Vostok Ice Core", "uid": "p0000257", "west": 106.8}, {"awards": "0338359 Saltzman, Eric", "bounds_geometry": "POINT(-148.81 -81.65)", "dataset_titles": "Analysis of Siple Dome Ice Core: Carbonyl Sulfide (COS), Methyl Chloride (CH3Cl), and Methyl Bromide (CH3Br); Antarctic Ice Cores: Methyl Chloride and Methyl Bromide; Ice Core Air Carbonyl Sulfide Measurements - SPRESSO Ice Core; Methane and Carbonyl Sulfide Analysis of Siple Dome Ice Core Subsamples", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "609131", "doi": "10.7265/N5P848VP", "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:Ice; Cryosphere; Geochemistry; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Methane; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core; WAISCORES", "people": "Aydin, Murat; Saltzman, Eric", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "title": "Methane and Carbonyl Sulfide Analysis of Siple Dome Ice Core Subsamples", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609131"}, {"dataset_uid": "601357", "doi": "10.15784/601357", "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmospheric Gases; Cryosphere; gas measurement; Ice Core; Ice Core Gas Records; Trace Gases", "people": "Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Ice Core Air Carbonyl Sulfide Measurements - SPRESSO Ice Core", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/601357"}, {"dataset_uid": "609313", "doi": "10.7265/N5DN430Q", "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:Fluid; Cryosphere; Geochemistry; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core; Ice Core Records; ITASE; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome Ice Core; South Pole; SPRESSO; SPRESSO Ice Core", "people": "Williams, Margaret; Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat; Tatum, Cheryl", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": null, "title": "Antarctic Ice Cores: Methyl Chloride and Methyl Bromide", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609313"}, {"dataset_uid": "609279", "doi": "10.7265/N53B5X3G", "keywords": "Antarctica; Chemistry:Ice; Cryosphere; Geochemistry; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Siple Dome Ice Core; WAISCORES", "people": "Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "title": "Analysis of Siple Dome Ice Core: Carbonyl Sulfide (COS), Methyl Chloride (CH3Cl), and Methyl Bromide (CH3Br)", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609279"}], "date_created": "Wed, 16 Nov 2005 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports the analysis, in Antarctic ice cores, of the ozone depleting substances methyl bromide (CH3Br) and methyl chloride (CH3Cl), and the sulfur-containing gas, carbonyl sulfide (OCS). The broad scientific goal is to assess the level and variability of these gases in the preindustrial atmosphere. This information will allow testing of current models for sources and sinks of these gases from the atmosphere, and to indirectly assess the impact of anthropogenic activities on their biogeochemical cycles. Longer-term records will shed light on the climatic sensitivity of the atmospheric burden of these gases, and ultimately on the biogeochemical processes controlling them. These gases are present in ice at parts per trillion levels, and the current database consists entirely of a small number of measurements made in from a shallow ice core from Siple Dome, Antarctica. This project will involve studies of ice core samples from three Antarctic sites: Siple Station, Siple Dome, and South Pole. The sampling strategy is designed to accomplish several objectives: 1) to verify the atmospheric mixing ratios previously observed in shallow Siple Dome ice for OCS, CH3Br, and CH3Cl at sites with very different accumulation rates and surface temperatures; 2) to obtain a well-dated, high resolution record from a high accumulation rate site (Siple Station), that can provide overlap in mean gas age with Antarctic firn air samples; 3) explore Holocene variability in trace gas mixing ratios; and 4) to make the first measurements of these trace gases in Antarctic glacial ice. In terms of broader impact on society, this research will help to provide a stronger scientific basis for policy decisions regulating the production and use of ozone-depleting and climate-active gases. Specifically, the methyl bromide results will contribute to the current debate on the impact of recent regulation (via the Montreal Protocol and its Amendments) on atmospheric levels. Determination of pre-industrial atmospheric variability of ozone-depleting substances will help place more realistic constraints on scenarios used for future projections of stratospheric ozone and its climatic impacts. This research will involve the participation of both graduate and undergraduate students.", "east": -148.81, "geometry": "POINT(-148.81 -81.65)", "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CORERS \u003e CORING DEVICES; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CHEMICAL METERS/ANALYZERS \u003e GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SPECTROMETERS/RADIOMETERS \u003e MASS SPECTROMETERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CORERS \u003e CORING DEVICES; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e CHEMICAL METERS/ANALYZERS \u003e GAS CHROMATOGRAPHS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SPECTROMETERS/RADIOMETERS \u003e MASS SPECTROMETERS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Ice Core Gas Records; gas measurement; Carbonyl Sulfide; AWS Siple; Ice Sheet; Ice Core Data; Siple Coast; Antarctica; NSIDC; Trapped Gases; Glaciology; West Antarctica; Snow; Atmospheric Chemistry; Ice Core; AGDC; Stratigraphy; Ice Core Chemistry; LABORATORY; Chromatography; Methane; Mass Spectrometer; ice cores; Siple; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; WAISCORES; Mass Spectrometry; Not provided; GROUND STATIONS; Chloride (CL); OZONE DEPLETION; Atmospheric Gases; MSA; Siple Dome", "locations": "Antarctica; Siple Coast; Siple Dome; West Antarctica", "north": -81.65, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Saltzman, Eric; Aydin, Murat; Williams, Margaret; Tatum, Cheryl", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; OTHER \u003e PHYSICAL MODELS \u003e LABORATORY; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e GROUND STATIONS; Not provided", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": -81.65, "title": "Methyl chloride and methyl bromide in Antarctic ice cores", "uid": "p0000032", "west": -148.81}, {"awards": "0125981 Sowers, Todd", "bounds_geometry": "POLYGON((-180 -62.83,-144 -62.83,-108 -62.83,-72 -62.83,-36 -62.83,0 -62.83,36 -62.83,72 -62.83,108 -62.83,144 -62.83,180 -62.83,180 -65.547,180 -68.264,180 -70.981,180 -73.698,180 -76.415,180 -79.132,180 -81.849,180 -84.566,180 -87.283,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87.283,-180 -84.566,-180 -81.849,-180 -79.132,-180 -76.415,-180 -73.698,-180 -70.981,-180 -68.264,-180 -65.547,-180 -62.83))", "dataset_titles": null, "datasets": null, "date_created": "Thu, 05 May 2005 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "0125981\u003cbr/\u003eSowers\u003cbr/\u003e\u003cbr/\u003eThis award supports a project to construct an isotopic record of atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide over the last century from South Pole firn air. Over the last 150 years, atmospheric methane and nitrous oxide concentrations have risen in response to increased emissions from various anthropogenic activities. As this trend is liable to continue in the foreseeable future, it is important to understand the biogeochemical processes that contribute to the emissions of these two greenhouse gases. In this context, records of the variations in the atmospheric loading of trace gases found in ice cores and interstitial spaces in the snow near the surface of the ice sheet (firn air) provide fundamental boundary conditions for reconstructing historical emission records. One way to improve our understanding of the cycling of bioactive trace gases and their emission records is to use stable isotope tracers, which have been recorded in the ice cores and firn air. This project will develop records of carbon-13 and deuterium isotope ratios of methane, as well as the nitrogen-15, oxygen-18 and the isotopomer composition of nitrous oxide trapped in firn air samples collected in January 2001 at the South Pole. These measurements will allow isotopic records of these atmospheric gases to be reconstructed throughout the 20th century. Such records will help to establish the relative contribution of individual sources with a higher degree of confidence than is currently available.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": "POINT(0 -89.999)", "instruments": null, "is_usap_dc": false, "keywords": "Not provided", "locations": null, "north": -62.83, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Sowers, Todd A.", "platforms": "Not provided", "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Generating an Isotopic Record of Atmospheric Methane and Nitrous Oxide Over the Last Century from South Pole Firn Air", "uid": "p0000086", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "9725305 Severinghaus, Jeffrey", "bounds_geometry": null, "dataset_titles": "Firn Air Isotope and Temperature Measurements from Siple Dome and South Pole", "datasets": [{"dataset_uid": "609098", "doi": "10.7265/N51N7Z2P", "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Chemistry:Ice; Cryosphere; Geochemistry; Glaciology; Isotope; Paleoclimate; Siple Dome; Snow/Ice; South Pole; Temperature", "people": "Grachev, Alexi; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.; Battle, Mark", "repository": "USAP-DC", "science_program": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "title": "Firn Air Isotope and Temperature Measurements from Siple Dome and South Pole", "url": "https://www.usap-dc.org/view/dataset/609098"}], "date_created": "Mon, 01 Jan 2001 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "9725305 Severinghaus This award supports a project to develop and apply a new technique for quantifying temperature changes in the past based on the thermodynamic principle of thermal diffusion, in which gas mixtures in a temperature gradient become fractionated. Air in polar firn is fractionated by temperature gradients induced by abrupt climate change, and a record of this air is preserved in bubbles in the ice. The magnitude of the abrupt temperature change, the precise relative timing, and an estimate of the absolute temperature change can be determined. By providing a gas-phase stratigraphic marker of temperature change, the phasing of methane (with decadal precision) and hence widespread climate change (relative to local polar temperature changes) can be determined (across five abrupt warming events during the last glacial period).", "east": null, "geometry": null, "instruments": "IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SAMPLERS \u003e BOTTLES/FLASKS/JARS \u003e FLASKS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e SPECTROMETERS/RADIOMETERS \u003e MASS SPECTROMETERS; IN SITU/LABORATORY INSTRUMENTS \u003e TEMPERATURE/HUMIDITY SENSORS \u003e THERMISTORS \u003e THERMISTORS", "is_usap_dc": true, "keywords": "Isotopic History; GROUND STATIONS; Thermal Fractionation; Thermal Diffusion; Polar Firn Air; Firn Temperature Measurements; Isotopic Anomalies; Xenon; Not provided; mass spectrometers; Atmospheric Gases; Argon Isotopes; Siple Dome; Krypton; Oxygen Isotopes; Trapped Air Bubbles; Nitrogen Isotopes; Seasonal Temperature Changes; Boreholes; Shallow Firn Air; Antarctica; Ice Core Gas Records; Firn Air Isotopes; Firn Air Isotope Measurements; South Pole; Seasonal Temperature Gradients; Firn Isotopes; Mass Spectrometry; GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS", "locations": "Antarctica; Siple Dome; South Pole", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "paleo_time": null, "persons": "Battle, Mark; Grachev, Alexi; Severinghaus, Jeffrey P.", "platforms": "LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e GROUND-BASED OBSERVATIONS; LAND-BASED PLATFORMS \u003e PERMANENT LAND SITES \u003e GROUND STATIONS; Not provided", "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Siple Dome Ice Core", "south": null, "title": "Thermal Fractionation of Firn Air and the Ice Core Record of Abrupt Interstadial Climate Change", "uid": "p0000160", "west": null}]

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