{"dp_type": "Dataset", "free_text": "Ice Velocity"}
[{"awards": "1738992 Pettit, Erin C; 1929991 Pettit, Erin C", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-114 -74,-113 -74,-112 -74,-111 -74,-110 -74,-109 -74,-108 -74,-107 -74,-106 -74,-105 -74,-104 -74,-104 -74.2,-104 -74.4,-104 -74.6,-104 -74.8,-104 -75,-104 -75.2,-104 -75.4,-104 -75.6,-104 -75.8,-104 -76,-105 -76,-106 -76,-107 -76,-108 -76,-109 -76,-110 -76,-111 -76,-112 -76,-113 -76,-114 -76,-114 -75.8,-114 -75.6,-114 -75.4,-114 -75.2,-114 -75,-114 -74.8,-114 -74.6,-114 -74.4,-114 -74.2,-114 -74))"], "date_created": "Wed, 09 Apr 2025 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "GPS data spanning two years (with data gaps) at the Cavity and Channel sites AMIGOS (Automated Meteorology-Ice-Geophysics Observing System) and a temporary nearby station (BOB) on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Data are reported as processed positions (latitude/longitude/height above WGS84 ellipsoid) and derived along flow velocities.\r\n\u003cbr/\u003e", "east": -104.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-109 -75)"], "keywords": "Amundsen Sea; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GNSS; Ice Shelf; Ice Velocity; Thwaites Glacier", "locations": "Amundsen Sea; Thwaites Glacier; Antarctica; Thwaites Glacier", "north": -74.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Truffer, Martin; Scambos, Ted; Wild, Christian; Pettit, Erin; Alley, Karen", "project_titles": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010162", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -76.0, "title": "Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf GPS displacements", "uid": "601925", "west": -114.0}, {"awards": "1738992 Pettit, Erin C", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-114 -74,-113 -74,-112 -74,-111 -74,-110 -74,-109 -74,-108 -74,-107 -74,-106 -74,-105 -74,-104 -74,-104 -74.2,-104 -74.4,-104 -74.6,-104 -74.8,-104 -75,-104 -75.2,-104 -75.4,-104 -75.6,-104 -75.8,-104 -76,-105 -76,-106 -76,-107 -76,-108 -76,-109 -76,-110 -76,-111 -76,-112 -76,-113 -76,-114 -76,-114 -75.8,-114 -75.6,-114 -75.4,-114 -75.2,-114 -75,-114 -74.8,-114 -74.6,-114 -74.4,-114 -74.2,-114 -74))"], "date_created": "Mon, 11 Oct 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes GeoTiffs of two-year averages of ice flow velocity (including x- and y-components and flow speed) and longitudinal, transverse, and shear strain rates for the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf (TEIS) from 2001-2020. The grids were derived from feature tracking on MODIS, Landsat-7, and Landsat-8 imagery. Each pixel in a grid represents the median value of a stack of all available pixels for each time period. Data are gridded at a 500 m spatial resolution in a polar stereographic (EPSG:3031) projection. Speed units are m/day and strain rates are in units of /day. In addition, we provide videos of each variable (excluding x- and y-velocity components) placed alongside a MODIS image of the same extent and from around the same time to provide context. In addition to the variables noted above, we include videos for flow direction (in degrees from grid north in an EPSG:3031 projection) and a zoomed-in version of flow direction, which were calculated from the provided grids.", "east": -104.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-109 -75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciology; Ice Shelf; Ice Velocity; Strain Rate; Thwaites Glacier", "locations": "Antarctica; Thwaites Glacier", "north": -74.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Alley, Karen; Wild, Christian; Scambos, Ted; Muto, Atsu; Pettit, Erin; Truffer, Martin; Wallin, Bruce; Klinger, Marin", "project_titles": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010162", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Thwaites (ITGC)", "south": -76.0, "title": "Two-year velocity and strain-rate averages from the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, 2001-2020", "uid": "601478", "west": -114.0}, {"awards": null, "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Tue, 05 May 2020 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "VELMAP is a compilation of ice velocity data of the Antarctic ice sheet and is intended for use by the polar scientific community. The data are presented in tabular form (ASCII format), containing latitude, longitude, speed, bearing, and error ranges. A metadata header describes the source of the data, the time of measurement, and gives details on measurement accuracy and precision.\r\n\r\nThe data sets were contributed by several investigators, in most cases from already-published work. Both in situ and image-based methods are used. References for the data sets are included with the data tables.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Scambos, Ted", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "VELMAP", "uid": "601317", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1443471 Koutnik, Michelle", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((110 -89,117 -89,124 -89,131 -89,138 -89,145 -89,152 -89,159 -89,166 -89,173 -89,180 -89,180 -89.1,180 -89.2,180 -89.3,180 -89.4,180 -89.5,180 -89.6,180 -89.7,180 -89.8,180 -89.9,180 -90,173 -90,166 -90,159 -90,152 -90,145 -90,138 -90,131 -90,124 -90,117 -90,110 -90,110 -89.9,110 -89.8,110 -89.7,110 -89.6,110 -89.5,110 -89.4,110 -89.3,110 -89.2,110 -89.1,110 -89))"], "date_created": "Tue, 29 May 2018 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "These data indicate the positions and velocities of a network of stakes emplaced in the vicinity of South Pole during 2015-2018. They were collected by resurveying emplaced poles over the course of 1-2 years.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(145 -89.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPS; Ice Velocity", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -89.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Lilien, David; Fudge, T. J.; Koutnik, Michelle; Conway, Howard; Waddington, Edwin D.", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000200", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "SPICEcore", "south": -90.0, "title": "South Pole area GPS velocities", "uid": "601100", "west": 110.0}, {"awards": "0944307 Conway, Howard", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-162.83 -79.15,-162.637 -79.15,-162.444 -79.15,-162.251 -79.15,-162.058 -79.15,-161.865 -79.15,-161.672 -79.15,-161.479 -79.15,-161.286 -79.15,-161.093 -79.15,-160.9 -79.15,-160.9 -79.1885037,-160.9 -79.2270074,-160.9 -79.2655111,-160.9 -79.3040148,-160.9 -79.3425185,-160.9 -79.3810222,-160.9 -79.4195259,-160.9 -79.4580296,-160.9 -79.4965333,-160.9 -79.535037,-161.093 -79.535037,-161.286 -79.535037,-161.479 -79.535037,-161.672 -79.535037,-161.865 -79.535037,-162.058 -79.535037,-162.251 -79.535037,-162.444 -79.535037,-162.637 -79.535037,-162.83 -79.535037,-162.83 -79.4965333,-162.83 -79.4580296,-162.83 -79.4195259,-162.83 -79.3810222,-162.83 -79.3425185,-162.83 -79.3040148,-162.83 -79.2655111,-162.83 -79.2270074,-162.83 -79.1885037,-162.83 -79.15))"], "date_created": "Thu, 16 Nov 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ground-based radar data include radar echograms and .mat files of internal stratigraphy. Also included are picks of ice thickness and surface elevation. \u003cbr\u003e GPS data include positions of 142 poles set in 2010 and resurveyed in 2012. Also given are velocity vectors for the poles. ", "east": -160.9, "geometry": ["POINT(-161.865 -79.3425185)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPR; GPS Data; Ice Velocity; Navigation; Radar; Roosevelt Island; Ross Sea", "locations": "Roosevelt Island; Antarctica; Ross Sea", "north": -79.15, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology; Antarctic Earth Sciences", "persons": "Conway, Howard", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Deglaciation of the Ross Sea Embayment - constraints from Roosevelt Island", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000272", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Deglaciation of the Ross Sea Embayment - constraints from Roosevelt Island"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.535037, "title": "Roosevelt Island: Radar and GPS", "uid": "601070", "west": -162.83}, {"awards": "1043649 Hock, Regine", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(-61 -62.75)", "POINT(-57.5 -61.75)"], "date_created": "Wed, 17 Feb 2016 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The data contain the time series totals of SAR derived detrended surface velocities from Livingston Island, as well as GeoTiff files generated from intensity tracking of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. The images include average annual velocity and ice thickness of King George Island, and average annual velocity, ice thickness, and a digital elevation model of Livingston Island.", "east": -57.5, "geometry": ["POINT(-61 -62.75)", "POINT(-57.5 -61.75)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Digital Elevation Model; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Thickness; Ice Velocity", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -61.75, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Osmanoglu, Batuhan; Hock, Regine", "project_titles": "Contribution of Western Antarctic Peninsula glaciers to sea level rise: Separation of the dynamic and climatic components", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000054", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Contribution of Western Antarctic Peninsula glaciers to sea level rise: Separation of the dynamic and climatic components"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -62.75, "title": "King George and Livingston Islands: Velocities and Digital Elevation Model", "uid": "609667", "west": -61.0}, {"awards": "0944794 Winberry, J. Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-165 -83.75,-164 -83.75,-163 -83.75,-162 -83.75,-161 -83.75,-160 -83.75,-159 -83.75,-158 -83.75,-157 -83.75,-156 -83.75,-155 -83.75,-155 -83.85,-155 -83.95,-155 -84.05,-155 -84.15,-155 -84.25,-155 -84.35,-155 -84.45,-155 -84.55,-155 -84.65,-155 -84.75,-156 -84.75,-157 -84.75,-158 -84.75,-159 -84.75,-160 -84.75,-161 -84.75,-162 -84.75,-163 -84.75,-164 -84.75,-165 -84.75,-165 -84.65,-165 -84.55,-165 -84.45,-165 -84.35,-165 -84.25,-165 -84.15,-165 -84.05,-165 -83.95,-165 -83.85,-165 -83.75))"], "date_created": "Thu, 17 Sep 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "These data contain ice velocity measurements obtained from seismic and GPS recordings during the 2010 and 2011 Antarctic field seasons.", "east": -155.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-160 -84.25)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPS; Whillans Ice Stream", "locations": "Whillans Ice Stream; Antarctica", "north": -83.75, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Wiens, Douglas; Winberry, Paul; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar; Alley, Richard", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Geophysical Study of Ice Stream Stick-slip Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000053", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Geophysical Study of Ice Stream Stick-slip Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -84.75, "title": "Whillans Ice Stream Stick-slip", "uid": "609632", "west": -165.0}, {"awards": "0838811 Sergienko, Olga", "bounds_geometry": ["POINT(0 -78)"], "date_created": "Mon, 14 Apr 2014 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set consists of outputs of several numerical models simulating ice stream flow over undulated bed, interaction of ice stream flow, and subglacial and supraglacial hydraulic systems. All simulations are performed for idealized geometries using finite-element models.", "east": 0.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -78)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Sheet Model; Ice Thickness; Ice Velocity", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -78.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Sergienko, Olga", "project_titles": "Model Investigation of Ice Stream/Subglacial Lake Systems", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000045", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Model Investigation of Ice Stream/Subglacial Lake Systems"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Interaction of Ice Stream Flow with Heterogeneous Beds", "uid": "609583", "west": 0.0}, {"awards": "0229245 Hamilton, Gordon; 0838843 Kurbatov, Andrei; 9527571 Whillans, Ian", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((158.25 -76.66667,158.325 -76.66667,158.4 -76.66667,158.475 -76.66667,158.55 -76.66667,158.625 -76.66667,158.7 -76.66667,158.775 -76.66667,158.85 -76.66667,158.925 -76.66667,159 -76.66667,159 -76.683336,159 -76.700002,159 -76.716668,159 -76.733334,159 -76.75,159 -76.766666,159 -76.783332,159 -76.799998,159 -76.816664,159 -76.83333,158.925 -76.83333,158.85 -76.83333,158.775 -76.83333,158.7 -76.83333,158.625 -76.83333,158.55 -76.83333,158.475 -76.83333,158.4 -76.83333,158.325 -76.83333,158.25 -76.83333,158.25 -76.816664,158.25 -76.799998,158.25 -76.783332,158.25 -76.766666,158.25 -76.75,158.25 -76.733334,158.25 -76.716668,158.25 -76.700002,158.25 -76.683336,158.25 -76.66667))"], "date_created": "Tue, 20 Dec 2011 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set includes includes high-precision GPS measurements of steel poles within the Allan Hills Main Ice Field, Near Western Ice Field, and extending to the eastern edge of the Middle Western Ice Field, in Antarctica. These data were collected between December 1997 and December 2010. The extended survey period allowed for vertical and horizontal velocities to be calculated with low associated error. Parameters include locations of poles in latitude and longitude, as well as elevation, ice velocity, and accumulation rates.\n\nData are available via FTP as ASCII text files in comma separated value (.csv) format. Raw data are also provided as Trimble raw data, compressed in .zip format, and supplementary information is provided in .csv format and portable document format (.pdf).", "east": 159.0, "geometry": ["POINT(158.625 -76.75)"], "keywords": "Allan Hills; Antarctica; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPS; Ice Flow Velocity", "locations": "Antarctica; Allan Hills", "north": -76.66667, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Spikes, Vandy Blue; Hamilton, Gordon S.; Spaulding, Nicole", "project_titles": "GPS Measurements of Rock and Ice Motions in South Victoria Land", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000523", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "GPS Measurements of Rock and Ice Motions in South Victoria Land"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "Allan Hills", "south": -76.83333, "title": "GPS Ice Flow Measurements, Allan Hills, Antarctica", "uid": "609507", "west": 158.25}, {"awards": "0125579 Cuffey, Kurt", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((160 -77.83333,160.3 -77.83333,160.6 -77.83333,160.9 -77.83333,161.2 -77.83333,161.5 -77.83333,161.8 -77.83333,162.1 -77.83333,162.4 -77.83333,162.7 -77.83333,163 -77.83333,163 -77.849997,163 -77.866664,163 -77.883331,163 -77.899998,163 -77.916665,163 -77.933332,163 -77.949999,163 -77.966666,163 -77.983333,163 -78,162.7 -78,162.4 -78,162.1 -78,161.8 -78,161.5 -78,161.2 -78,160.9 -78,160.6 -78,160.3 -78,160 -78,160 -77.983333,160 -77.966666,160 -77.949999,160 -77.933332,160 -77.916665,160 -77.899998,160 -77.883331,160 -77.866664,160 -77.849997,160 -77.83333))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Dec 2007 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This data set contains surface velocities of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, for the year 2003. Measurement period was approximately 12 months. There are approximately 250 locations in this data set.", "east": 163.0, "geometry": ["POINT(161.5 -77.916665)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Velocity; Taylor Glacier", "locations": "Taylor Glacier; Antarctica", "north": -77.83333, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Cuffey, Kurt M.; Bliss, Andrew; Kavanaugh, Jeffrey; Aciego, Sarah", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Dynamics and Climatic Response of the Taylor Glacier System", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000084", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Dynamics and Climatic Response of the Taylor Glacier System"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Surface Velocities of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica", "uid": "609324", "west": 160.0}, {"awards": "0086997 Truffer, Martin", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-140.7 -83.2,-140.12 -83.2,-139.54 -83.2,-138.96 -83.2,-138.38 -83.2,-137.8 -83.2,-137.22 -83.2,-136.64 -83.2,-136.06 -83.2,-135.48 -83.2,-134.9 -83.2,-134.9 -83.27,-134.9 -83.34,-134.9 -83.41,-134.9 -83.48,-134.9 -83.55,-134.9 -83.62,-134.9 -83.69,-134.9 -83.76,-134.9 -83.83,-134.9 -83.9,-135.48 -83.9,-136.06 -83.9,-136.64 -83.9,-137.22 -83.9,-137.8 -83.9,-138.38 -83.9,-138.96 -83.9,-139.54 -83.9,-140.12 -83.9,-140.7 -83.9,-140.7 -83.83,-140.7 -83.76,-140.7 -83.69,-140.7 -83.62,-140.7 -83.55,-140.7 -83.48,-140.7 -83.41,-140.7 -83.34,-140.7 -83.27,-140.7 -83.2))"], "date_created": "Thu, 17 Mar 2005 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This product, based on prior data collected under NSF-OPP grant 8716604 (Echelmeyer and Harrison) and NSF-OPP grant 9117911 (Harrison), includes ice velocity data between stations S17 and UpB on the Upper Whillans Ice Stream, Siple Coast, West Antarctica, from January 1994 to January 1995. Velocities were measured using a total station, a surveying instrument that combines a digital theodolite and an Electronic Distance Measuring (EDM) device to measure horizontal and vertical angles, slope, and horizontal and vertical distances. Data are in ASCII and Excel formats, and are available via FTP.", "east": -134.9, "geometry": ["POINT(-137.8 -83.55)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Siple Coast", "locations": "Antarctica; Siple Coast", "north": -83.2, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Truffer, Martin; Echelmeyer, Keith A.", "project_titles": "Margin Migration Rates and Margin Dynamics of the Siple Coast Ice Streams", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000144", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Margin Migration Rates and Margin Dynamics of the Siple Coast Ice Streams"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -83.9, "title": "Margin Migration Rates and Dynamics: Siple Coast Ice Streams", "uid": "609263", "west": -140.7}, {"awards": "XXXXXXX Palais, Julie", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -50,-144 -50,-108 -50,-72 -50,-36 -50,0 -50,36 -50,72 -50,108 -50,144 -50,180 -50,180 -54,180 -58,180 -62,180 -66,180 -70,180 -74,180 -78,180 -82,180 -86,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -86,-180 -82,-180 -78,-180 -74,-180 -70,-180 -66,-180 -62,-180 -58,-180 -54,-180 -50))"], "date_created": "Tue, 23 Mar 2004 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This compilation of recent ice velocity data of the Antarctic ice sheet is intended for use by the polar scientific community. The data are presented in tabular form (ASCII), containing latitude, longitude, speed, bearing, and error ranges. A metadata header describes the source of the data, the time of measurement, and gives details on measurement accuracy and precision. The tables are available for ftp transfer.\n\nWeb pages developed specifically for this data set provide detailed information for viewing and selecting the velocity data. These pages contain large satellite image maps (available as jpeg files). The data sets used to create these images were contributed by several investigators, generally from already published work. Both in situ and image-based methods are used.\n\nReferences for the data sets are included with the data tables. If you have well-characterized Antarctic ice velocity data you would like to contribute to this site, please contact teds@icehouse.colorado.edu. If you have any questions concerning the relevance of these data to your work please contact NSIDC User Services.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Velocity; Sample/collection Description; Sample/Collection Description", "locations": "Antarctica; Antarctica", "north": -50.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Bindschadler, Robert; Raymond, Charles", "project_titles": null, "projects": null, "repositories": null, "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Antarctic Ice Velocity Data", "uid": "609070", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "9318121 Anandakrishnan, Sridhar; 9222121 Dalziel, Ian", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-121.644 -82.2764,-121.4814 -82.2764,-121.3188 -82.2764,-121.1562 -82.2764,-120.9936 -82.2764,-120.831 -82.2764,-120.6684 -82.2764,-120.5058 -82.2764,-120.3432 -82.2764,-120.1806 -82.2764,-120.018 -82.2764,-120.018 -82.28496,-120.018 -82.29352,-120.018 -82.30208,-120.018 -82.31064,-120.018 -82.3192,-120.018 -82.32776,-120.018 -82.33632,-120.018 -82.34488,-120.018 -82.35344,-120.018 -82.362,-120.1806 -82.362,-120.3432 -82.362,-120.5058 -82.362,-120.6684 -82.362,-120.831 -82.362,-120.9936 -82.362,-121.1562 -82.362,-121.3188 -82.362,-121.4814 -82.362,-121.644 -82.362,-121.644 -82.35344,-121.644 -82.34488,-121.644 -82.33632,-121.644 -82.32776,-121.644 -82.3192,-121.644 -82.31064,-121.644 -82.30208,-121.644 -82.29352,-121.644 -82.28496,-121.644 -82.2764))", "POLYGON((-152.598 -81.8039,-149.8369 -81.8039,-147.0758 -81.8039,-144.3147 -81.8039,-141.5536 -81.8039,-138.7925 -81.8039,-136.0314 -81.8039,-133.2703 -81.8039,-130.5092 -81.8039,-127.7481 -81.8039,-124.987 -81.8039,-124.987 -81.90464,-124.987 -82.00538,-124.987 -82.10612,-124.987 -82.20686,-124.987 -82.3076,-124.987 -82.40834,-124.987 -82.50908,-124.987 -82.60982,-124.987 -82.71056,-124.987 -82.8113,-127.7481 -82.8113,-130.5092 -82.8113,-133.2703 -82.8113,-136.0314 -82.8113,-138.7925 -82.8113,-141.5536 -82.8113,-144.3147 -82.8113,-147.0758 -82.8113,-149.8369 -82.8113,-152.598 -82.8113,-152.598 -82.71056,-152.598 -82.60982,-152.598 -82.50908,-152.598 -82.40834,-152.598 -82.3076,-152.598 -82.20686,-152.598 -82.10612,-152.598 -82.00538,-152.598 -81.90464,-152.598 -81.8039))"], "date_created": "Sat, 01 Dec 2001 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Ice velocity data from ice stream C, including the body of the ice stream and its area of onset, are available. The investigator calculated velocities from precise ice displacement measurements made with a geodetic-quality Global Positioning System (GPS). These ice displacement measurements accompanied seismic experiments aimed at understanding controls on the flow of ice streams in west Antarctica. An understanding of ice stream flow is essential to predicting the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to future climate change.\n\nData are available in ASCII format via ftp.", "east": -120.018, "geometry": ["POINT(-120.831 -82.3192)", "POINT(-138.7925 -82.3076)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Geodesy; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciers/ice Sheet; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; GPS; WAIS", "locations": "Antarctica; WAIS", "north": -81.8039, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Anandakrishnan, Sridhar", "project_titles": "Microearthquake Monitoring of Ice Stream C, West Antarctica: A Sensor for Sticky Spots", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000161", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Microearthquake Monitoring of Ice Stream C, West Antarctica: A Sensor for Sticky Spots"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -82.8113, "title": "Ice Velocity Data from Ice Stream C, West Antarctica", "uid": "609106", "west": -152.598}]
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Dataset Title/Abstract/Map | NSF Award(s) | Date Created | PIs / Scientists | Project Links | Abstract | Bounds Geometry | Geometry | Selected | Visible |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf GPS displacements
|
1738992 1929991 |
2025-04-09 | Truffer, Martin; Scambos, Ted; Wild, Christian; Pettit, Erin; Alley, Karen |
NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment |
GPS data spanning two years (with data gaps) at the Cavity and Channel sites AMIGOS (Automated Meteorology-Ice-Geophysics Observing System) and a temporary nearby station (BOB) on the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, Antarctica. Data are reported as processed positions (latitude/longitude/height above WGS84 ellipsoid) and derived along flow velocities. <br/> | ["POLYGON((-114 -74,-113 -74,-112 -74,-111 -74,-110 -74,-109 -74,-108 -74,-107 -74,-106 -74,-105 -74,-104 -74,-104 -74.2,-104 -74.4,-104 -74.6,-104 -74.8,-104 -75,-104 -75.2,-104 -75.4,-104 -75.6,-104 -75.8,-104 -76,-105 -76,-106 -76,-107 -76,-108 -76,-109 -76,-110 -76,-111 -76,-112 -76,-113 -76,-114 -76,-114 -75.8,-114 -75.6,-114 -75.4,-114 -75.2,-114 -75,-114 -74.8,-114 -74.6,-114 -74.4,-114 -74.2,-114 -74))"] | ["POINT(-109 -75)"] | false | false |
Two-year velocity and strain-rate averages from the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf, 2001-2020
|
1738992 |
2021-10-11 | Alley, Karen; Wild, Christian; Scambos, Ted; Muto, Atsu; Pettit, Erin; Truffer, Martin; Wallin, Bruce; Klinger, Marin |
NSF-NERC: Thwaites-Amundsen Regional Survey and Network (TARSAN) Integrating Atmosphere-Ice-Ocean Processes affecting the Sub-Ice-Shelf Environment |
This dataset includes GeoTiffs of two-year averages of ice flow velocity (including x- and y-components and flow speed) and longitudinal, transverse, and shear strain rates for the Thwaites Eastern Ice Shelf (TEIS) from 2001-2020. The grids were derived from feature tracking on MODIS, Landsat-7, and Landsat-8 imagery. Each pixel in a grid represents the median value of a stack of all available pixels for each time period. Data are gridded at a 500 m spatial resolution in a polar stereographic (EPSG:3031) projection. Speed units are m/day and strain rates are in units of /day. In addition, we provide videos of each variable (excluding x- and y-velocity components) placed alongside a MODIS image of the same extent and from around the same time to provide context. In addition to the variables noted above, we include videos for flow direction (in degrees from grid north in an EPSG:3031 projection) and a zoomed-in version of flow direction, which were calculated from the provided grids. | ["POLYGON((-114 -74,-113 -74,-112 -74,-111 -74,-110 -74,-109 -74,-108 -74,-107 -74,-106 -74,-105 -74,-104 -74,-104 -74.2,-104 -74.4,-104 -74.6,-104 -74.8,-104 -75,-104 -75.2,-104 -75.4,-104 -75.6,-104 -75.8,-104 -76,-105 -76,-106 -76,-107 -76,-108 -76,-109 -76,-110 -76,-111 -76,-112 -76,-113 -76,-114 -76,-114 -75.8,-114 -75.6,-114 -75.4,-114 -75.2,-114 -75,-114 -74.8,-114 -74.6,-114 -74.4,-114 -74.2,-114 -74))"] | ["POINT(-109 -75)"] | false | false |
VELMAP
|
None | 2020-05-05 | Scambos, Ted | No project link provided | VELMAP is a compilation of ice velocity data of the Antarctic ice sheet and is intended for use by the polar scientific community. The data are presented in tabular form (ASCII format), containing latitude, longitude, speed, bearing, and error ranges. A metadata header describes the source of the data, the time of measurement, and gives details on measurement accuracy and precision. The data sets were contributed by several investigators, in most cases from already-published work. Both in situ and image-based methods are used. References for the data sets are included with the data tables. | ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
South Pole area GPS velocities
|
1443471 |
2018-05-29 | Lilien, David; Fudge, T. J.; Koutnik, Michelle; Conway, Howard; Waddington, Edwin D. |
Collaborative Research: Characterization of Upstream Ice and Firn Dynamics affecting the South Pole Ice Core |
These data indicate the positions and velocities of a network of stakes emplaced in the vicinity of South Pole during 2015-2018. They were collected by resurveying emplaced poles over the course of 1-2 years. | ["POLYGON((110 -89,117 -89,124 -89,131 -89,138 -89,145 -89,152 -89,159 -89,166 -89,173 -89,180 -89,180 -89.1,180 -89.2,180 -89.3,180 -89.4,180 -89.5,180 -89.6,180 -89.7,180 -89.8,180 -89.9,180 -90,173 -90,166 -90,159 -90,152 -90,145 -90,138 -90,131 -90,124 -90,117 -90,110 -90,110 -89.9,110 -89.8,110 -89.7,110 -89.6,110 -89.5,110 -89.4,110 -89.3,110 -89.2,110 -89.1,110 -89))"] | ["POINT(145 -89.5)"] | false | false |
Roosevelt Island: Radar and GPS
|
0944307 |
2017-11-16 | Conway, Howard |
Collaborative Research: Deglaciation of the Ross Sea Embayment - constraints from Roosevelt Island |
Ground-based radar data include radar echograms and .mat files of internal stratigraphy. Also included are picks of ice thickness and surface elevation. <br> GPS data include positions of 142 poles set in 2010 and resurveyed in 2012. Also given are velocity vectors for the poles. | ["POLYGON((-162.83 -79.15,-162.637 -79.15,-162.444 -79.15,-162.251 -79.15,-162.058 -79.15,-161.865 -79.15,-161.672 -79.15,-161.479 -79.15,-161.286 -79.15,-161.093 -79.15,-160.9 -79.15,-160.9 -79.1885037,-160.9 -79.2270074,-160.9 -79.2655111,-160.9 -79.3040148,-160.9 -79.3425185,-160.9 -79.3810222,-160.9 -79.4195259,-160.9 -79.4580296,-160.9 -79.4965333,-160.9 -79.535037,-161.093 -79.535037,-161.286 -79.535037,-161.479 -79.535037,-161.672 -79.535037,-161.865 -79.535037,-162.058 -79.535037,-162.251 -79.535037,-162.444 -79.535037,-162.637 -79.535037,-162.83 -79.535037,-162.83 -79.4965333,-162.83 -79.4580296,-162.83 -79.4195259,-162.83 -79.3810222,-162.83 -79.3425185,-162.83 -79.3040148,-162.83 -79.2655111,-162.83 -79.2270074,-162.83 -79.1885037,-162.83 -79.15))"] | ["POINT(-161.865 -79.3425185)"] | false | false |
King George and Livingston Islands: Velocities and Digital Elevation Model
|
1043649 |
2016-02-17 | Osmanoglu, Batuhan; Hock, Regine |
Contribution of Western Antarctic Peninsula glaciers to sea level rise: Separation of the dynamic and climatic components |
The data contain the time series totals of SAR derived detrended surface velocities from Livingston Island, as well as GeoTiff files generated from intensity tracking of Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) imagery. The images include average annual velocity and ice thickness of King George Island, and average annual velocity, ice thickness, and a digital elevation model of Livingston Island. | ["POINT(-61 -62.75)", "POINT(-57.5 -61.75)"] | ["POINT(-61 -62.75)", "POINT(-57.5 -61.75)"] | false | false |
Whillans Ice Stream Stick-slip
|
0944794 |
2015-09-17 | Wiens, Douglas; Winberry, Paul; Anandakrishnan, Sridhar; Alley, Richard |
Collaborative Research: Geophysical Study of Ice Stream Stick-slip Dynamics |
These data contain ice velocity measurements obtained from seismic and GPS recordings during the 2010 and 2011 Antarctic field seasons. | ["POLYGON((-165 -83.75,-164 -83.75,-163 -83.75,-162 -83.75,-161 -83.75,-160 -83.75,-159 -83.75,-158 -83.75,-157 -83.75,-156 -83.75,-155 -83.75,-155 -83.85,-155 -83.95,-155 -84.05,-155 -84.15,-155 -84.25,-155 -84.35,-155 -84.45,-155 -84.55,-155 -84.65,-155 -84.75,-156 -84.75,-157 -84.75,-158 -84.75,-159 -84.75,-160 -84.75,-161 -84.75,-162 -84.75,-163 -84.75,-164 -84.75,-165 -84.75,-165 -84.65,-165 -84.55,-165 -84.45,-165 -84.35,-165 -84.25,-165 -84.15,-165 -84.05,-165 -83.95,-165 -83.85,-165 -83.75))"] | ["POINT(-160 -84.25)"] | false | false |
Interaction of Ice Stream Flow with Heterogeneous Beds
|
0838811 |
2014-04-14 | Sergienko, Olga |
Model Investigation of Ice Stream/Subglacial Lake Systems |
This data set consists of outputs of several numerical models simulating ice stream flow over undulated bed, interaction of ice stream flow, and subglacial and supraglacial hydraulic systems. All simulations are performed for idealized geometries using finite-element models. | ["POINT(0 -78)"] | ["POINT(0 -78)"] | false | false |
GPS Ice Flow Measurements, Allan Hills, Antarctica
|
0229245 0838843 9527571 |
2011-12-20 | Kurbatov, Andrei V.; Spikes, Vandy Blue; Hamilton, Gordon S.; Spaulding, Nicole |
GPS Measurements of Rock and Ice Motions in South Victoria Land |
This data set includes includes high-precision GPS measurements of steel poles within the Allan Hills Main Ice Field, Near Western Ice Field, and extending to the eastern edge of the Middle Western Ice Field, in Antarctica. These data were collected between December 1997 and December 2010. The extended survey period allowed for vertical and horizontal velocities to be calculated with low associated error. Parameters include locations of poles in latitude and longitude, as well as elevation, ice velocity, and accumulation rates. Data are available via FTP as ASCII text files in comma separated value (.csv) format. Raw data are also provided as Trimble raw data, compressed in .zip format, and supplementary information is provided in .csv format and portable document format (.pdf). | ["POLYGON((158.25 -76.66667,158.325 -76.66667,158.4 -76.66667,158.475 -76.66667,158.55 -76.66667,158.625 -76.66667,158.7 -76.66667,158.775 -76.66667,158.85 -76.66667,158.925 -76.66667,159 -76.66667,159 -76.683336,159 -76.700002,159 -76.716668,159 -76.733334,159 -76.75,159 -76.766666,159 -76.783332,159 -76.799998,159 -76.816664,159 -76.83333,158.925 -76.83333,158.85 -76.83333,158.775 -76.83333,158.7 -76.83333,158.625 -76.83333,158.55 -76.83333,158.475 -76.83333,158.4 -76.83333,158.325 -76.83333,158.25 -76.83333,158.25 -76.816664,158.25 -76.799998,158.25 -76.783332,158.25 -76.766666,158.25 -76.75,158.25 -76.733334,158.25 -76.716668,158.25 -76.700002,158.25 -76.683336,158.25 -76.66667))"] | ["POINT(158.625 -76.75)"] | false | false |
Surface Velocities of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica
|
0125579 |
2007-12-01 | Cuffey, Kurt M.; Bliss, Andrew; Kavanaugh, Jeffrey; Aciego, Sarah |
Collaborative Research: Dynamics and Climatic Response of the Taylor Glacier System |
This data set contains surface velocities of Taylor Glacier, Antarctica, for the year 2003. Measurement period was approximately 12 months. There are approximately 250 locations in this data set. | ["POLYGON((160 -77.83333,160.3 -77.83333,160.6 -77.83333,160.9 -77.83333,161.2 -77.83333,161.5 -77.83333,161.8 -77.83333,162.1 -77.83333,162.4 -77.83333,162.7 -77.83333,163 -77.83333,163 -77.849997,163 -77.866664,163 -77.883331,163 -77.899998,163 -77.916665,163 -77.933332,163 -77.949999,163 -77.966666,163 -77.983333,163 -78,162.7 -78,162.4 -78,162.1 -78,161.8 -78,161.5 -78,161.2 -78,160.9 -78,160.6 -78,160.3 -78,160 -78,160 -77.983333,160 -77.966666,160 -77.949999,160 -77.933332,160 -77.916665,160 -77.899998,160 -77.883331,160 -77.866664,160 -77.849997,160 -77.83333))"] | ["POINT(161.5 -77.916665)"] | false | false |
Margin Migration Rates and Dynamics: Siple Coast Ice Streams
|
0086997 |
2005-03-17 | Truffer, Martin; Echelmeyer, Keith A. |
Margin Migration Rates and Margin Dynamics of the Siple Coast Ice Streams |
This product, based on prior data collected under NSF-OPP grant 8716604 (Echelmeyer and Harrison) and NSF-OPP grant 9117911 (Harrison), includes ice velocity data between stations S17 and UpB on the Upper Whillans Ice Stream, Siple Coast, West Antarctica, from January 1994 to January 1995. Velocities were measured using a total station, a surveying instrument that combines a digital theodolite and an Electronic Distance Measuring (EDM) device to measure horizontal and vertical angles, slope, and horizontal and vertical distances. Data are in ASCII and Excel formats, and are available via FTP. | ["POLYGON((-140.7 -83.2,-140.12 -83.2,-139.54 -83.2,-138.96 -83.2,-138.38 -83.2,-137.8 -83.2,-137.22 -83.2,-136.64 -83.2,-136.06 -83.2,-135.48 -83.2,-134.9 -83.2,-134.9 -83.27,-134.9 -83.34,-134.9 -83.41,-134.9 -83.48,-134.9 -83.55,-134.9 -83.62,-134.9 -83.69,-134.9 -83.76,-134.9 -83.83,-134.9 -83.9,-135.48 -83.9,-136.06 -83.9,-136.64 -83.9,-137.22 -83.9,-137.8 -83.9,-138.38 -83.9,-138.96 -83.9,-139.54 -83.9,-140.12 -83.9,-140.7 -83.9,-140.7 -83.83,-140.7 -83.76,-140.7 -83.69,-140.7 -83.62,-140.7 -83.55,-140.7 -83.48,-140.7 -83.41,-140.7 -83.34,-140.7 -83.27,-140.7 -83.2))"] | ["POINT(-137.8 -83.55)"] | false | false |
Antarctic Ice Velocity Data
|
None | 2004-03-23 | Bindschadler, Robert; Raymond, Charles | No project link provided | This compilation of recent ice velocity data of the Antarctic ice sheet is intended for use by the polar scientific community. The data are presented in tabular form (ASCII), containing latitude, longitude, speed, bearing, and error ranges. A metadata header describes the source of the data, the time of measurement, and gives details on measurement accuracy and precision. The tables are available for ftp transfer. Web pages developed specifically for this data set provide detailed information for viewing and selecting the velocity data. These pages contain large satellite image maps (available as jpeg files). The data sets used to create these images were contributed by several investigators, generally from already published work. Both in situ and image-based methods are used. References for the data sets are included with the data tables. If you have well-characterized Antarctic ice velocity data you would like to contribute to this site, please contact teds@icehouse.colorado.edu. If you have any questions concerning the relevance of these data to your work please contact NSIDC User Services. | ["POLYGON((-180 -50,-144 -50,-108 -50,-72 -50,-36 -50,0 -50,36 -50,72 -50,108 -50,144 -50,180 -50,180 -54,180 -58,180 -62,180 -66,180 -70,180 -74,180 -78,180 -82,180 -86,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -86,-180 -82,-180 -78,-180 -74,-180 -70,-180 -66,-180 -62,-180 -58,-180 -54,-180 -50))"] | ["POINT(0 -89.999)"] | false | false |
Ice Velocity Data from Ice Stream C, West Antarctica
|
9318121 9222121 |
2001-12-01 | Anandakrishnan, Sridhar |
Microearthquake Monitoring of Ice Stream C, West Antarctica: A Sensor for Sticky Spots |
Ice velocity data from ice stream C, including the body of the ice stream and its area of onset, are available. The investigator calculated velocities from precise ice displacement measurements made with a geodetic-quality Global Positioning System (GPS). These ice displacement measurements accompanied seismic experiments aimed at understanding controls on the flow of ice streams in west Antarctica. An understanding of ice stream flow is essential to predicting the response of the West Antarctic Ice Sheet to future climate change. Data are available in ASCII format via ftp. | ["POLYGON((-121.644 -82.2764,-121.4814 -82.2764,-121.3188 -82.2764,-121.1562 -82.2764,-120.9936 -82.2764,-120.831 -82.2764,-120.6684 -82.2764,-120.5058 -82.2764,-120.3432 -82.2764,-120.1806 -82.2764,-120.018 -82.2764,-120.018 -82.28496,-120.018 -82.29352,-120.018 -82.30208,-120.018 -82.31064,-120.018 -82.3192,-120.018 -82.32776,-120.018 -82.33632,-120.018 -82.34488,-120.018 -82.35344,-120.018 -82.362,-120.1806 -82.362,-120.3432 -82.362,-120.5058 -82.362,-120.6684 -82.362,-120.831 -82.362,-120.9936 -82.362,-121.1562 -82.362,-121.3188 -82.362,-121.4814 -82.362,-121.644 -82.362,-121.644 -82.35344,-121.644 -82.34488,-121.644 -82.33632,-121.644 -82.32776,-121.644 -82.3192,-121.644 -82.31064,-121.644 -82.30208,-121.644 -82.29352,-121.644 -82.28496,-121.644 -82.2764))", "POLYGON((-152.598 -81.8039,-149.8369 -81.8039,-147.0758 -81.8039,-144.3147 -81.8039,-141.5536 -81.8039,-138.7925 -81.8039,-136.0314 -81.8039,-133.2703 -81.8039,-130.5092 -81.8039,-127.7481 -81.8039,-124.987 -81.8039,-124.987 -81.90464,-124.987 -82.00538,-124.987 -82.10612,-124.987 -82.20686,-124.987 -82.3076,-124.987 -82.40834,-124.987 -82.50908,-124.987 -82.60982,-124.987 -82.71056,-124.987 -82.8113,-127.7481 -82.8113,-130.5092 -82.8113,-133.2703 -82.8113,-136.0314 -82.8113,-138.7925 -82.8113,-141.5536 -82.8113,-144.3147 -82.8113,-147.0758 -82.8113,-149.8369 -82.8113,-152.598 -82.8113,-152.598 -82.71056,-152.598 -82.60982,-152.598 -82.50908,-152.598 -82.40834,-152.598 -82.3076,-152.598 -82.20686,-152.598 -82.10612,-152.598 -82.00538,-152.598 -81.90464,-152.598 -81.8039))"] | ["POINT(-120.831 -82.3192)", "POINT(-138.7925 -82.3076)"] | false | false |