USAP-DC

{"dp_type": "Dataset", "free_text": "Precipitation"}

[{"awards": "1543445 Zhang, Jing", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70.9 -65,-69.51 -65,-68.12 -65,-66.73 -65,-65.34 -65,-63.95 -65,-62.56 -65,-61.17 -65,-59.78 -65,-58.39 -65,-57 -65,-57 -65.5,-57 -66,-57 -66.5,-57 -67,-57 -67.5,-57 -68,-57 -68.5,-57 -69,-57 -69.5,-57 -70,-58.39 -70,-59.78 -70,-61.17 -70,-62.56 -70,-63.95 -70,-65.34 -70,-66.73 -70,-68.12 -70,-69.51 -70,-70.9 -70,-70.9 -69.5,-70.9 -69,-70.9 -68.5,-70.9 -68,-70.9 -67.5,-70.9 -67,-70.9 -66.5,-70.9 -66,-70.9 -65.5,-70.9 -65))"], "date_created": "Wed, 03 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes the 3-km resolution budget terms of surface mass balance (SMB) and surface energy budget (SEB) for the Larsen C Ice Shelf during the melting season of 2017-18. The variables include the SMB budget terms of net surface mass balance, precipitation, runoff, blowing snow erosion, surface sublimation, and blowing snow sublimation, and the SEB budget terms of net surface energy budget, downwelling and upwelling longwave radiation, surface absorbed shortwave radiation, ground heat flux, and sensible / latent heat flux.", "east": -57.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-63.95 -67.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere; Cryosphere; Glaciology; Larsen C Ice Shelf; Model Data; Surface Energy Budget; Surface Mass Balance; WRF Model", "locations": "Antarctica; Larsen C Ice Shelf", "north": -65.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Zhang, Jing; Luo, Liping", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Present and Projected Future Forcings on Antarctic Peninsula Glaciers and Ice Shelves using the Weather Forecasting and Research (WRF) Model", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010408", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Present and Projected Future Forcings on Antarctic Peninsula Glaciers and Ice Shelves using the Weather Forecasting and Research (WRF) Model"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "3-km Surface Mass and Energy Budget for the Larsen C Ice Shelf", "uid": "601685", "west": -70.9}, {"awards": "1644277 Aschwanden, Andy", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Thu, 14 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "A Python/numpy plugin for QGIS by Andy Aschwanden and Constantine Khrulev that implements the Linear Theory of Orographic Precipitation following Smith \u0026 Barstad (2004).", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Aschwanden, Andy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Feedbacks between Orographic Precipitation and Ice Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010348", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Feedbacks between Orographic Precipitation and Ice Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Linear Theory of Orographic Precipitation QGIS Plugin", "uid": "601590", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "1644277 Aschwanden, Andy", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Thu, 14 Jul 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) is an open-source ice sheet model distributed under GPL-3.0. This version includes the orographic precipitation module and other improvements produced under NSF award 1644277.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Cryosphere", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Glaciology", "persons": "Aschwanden, Andy", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Feedbacks between Orographic Precipitation and Ice Dynamics", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010348", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Feedbacks between Orographic Precipitation and Ice Dynamics"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Parallel Ice Sheet Model (PISM) v2", "uid": "601589", "west": null}, {"awards": "1543325 Landolt, Scott; 1543377 Seefeldt, Mark", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((166.918 -77.877,167.2997 -77.877,167.6814 -77.877,168.0631 -77.877,168.4448 -77.877,168.8265 -77.877,169.2082 -77.877,169.5899 -77.877,169.9716 -77.877,170.3533 -77.877,170.735 -77.877,170.735 -77.99,170.735 -78.103,170.735 -78.216,170.735 -78.329,170.735 -78.442,170.735 -78.555,170.735 -78.668,170.735 -78.781,170.735 -78.894,170.735 -79.007,170.3533 -79.007,169.9716 -79.007,169.5899 -79.007,169.2082 -79.007,168.8265 -79.007,168.4448 -79.007,168.0631 -79.007,167.6814 -79.007,167.2997 -79.007,166.918 -79.007,166.918 -78.894,166.918 -78.781,166.918 -78.668,166.918 -78.555,166.918 -78.442,166.918 -78.329,166.918 -78.216,166.918 -78.103,166.918 -77.99,166.918 -77.877))"], "date_created": "Tue, 04 May 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The dataset includes precipitation and associated observations at four sites across the northwest Ross Ice Shelf from December 2017 to November 2019. The general instruments at each site include precipitation gauge - installed inside a wind shield, anemometer, thermometer, sonic ranging sensor, optical particle detector, laser disdrometer, shortwave and longwave radiation sensors, and a field camera. The observations from each site include: precipitation (liquid water equivalent), temperature, wind speed, snow surface height, particle count, particle size and speed, upward/downward longwave radiation, upward/downward shortwave radiation, still image photos, and 5-second movies. The data are in comma-delimited text files, jpg photos, and mp4 movies. png plots of the quality-controlled observations are included for quick views of the data.", "east": 170.735, "geometry": ["POINT(168.8265 -78.442)"], "keywords": "Accumulation; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Meteorology; Precipitation; Ross Ice Shelf; Snow; Snow/Ice; WeatherStation; Weather Station Data", "locations": "Ross Ice Shelf; Antarctica", "north": -77.877, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences; Antarctic Ocean and Atmospheric Sciences", "persons": "Seefeldt, Mark", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Implementing Low-power, Autonomous Observing Systems to Improve the Measurement and Understanding of Antarctic Precipitation", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010173", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Implementing Low-power, Autonomous Observing Systems to Improve the Measurement and Understanding of Antarctic Precipitation"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -79.007, "title": "Precipitation Observations for the Northwest Ross Ice Shelf - 2017-12 to 2019-11", "uid": "601441", "west": 166.918}, {"awards": "0839093 McConnell, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((161.41425 -77.73489,161.486884 -77.73489,161.559518 -77.73489,161.632152 -77.73489,161.704786 -77.73489,161.77742 -77.73489,161.850054 -77.73489,161.922688 -77.73489,161.995322 -77.73489,162.067956 -77.73489,162.14059 -77.73489,162.14059 -77.747868,162.14059 -77.760846,162.14059 -77.773824,162.14059 -77.786802,162.14059 -77.79978,162.14059 -77.812758,162.14059 -77.825736,162.14059 -77.838714,162.14059 -77.851692,162.14059 -77.86467,162.067956 -77.86467,161.995322 -77.86467,161.922688 -77.86467,161.850054 -77.86467,161.77742 -77.86467,161.704786 -77.86467,161.632152 -77.86467,161.559518 -77.86467,161.486884 -77.86467,161.41425 -77.86467,161.41425 -77.851692,161.41425 -77.838714,161.41425 -77.825736,161.41425 -77.812758,161.41425 -77.79978,161.41425 -77.786802,161.41425 -77.773824,161.41425 -77.760846,161.41425 -77.747868,161.41425 -77.73489))"], "date_created": "Mon, 19 Jun 2017 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Black carbon (BC) and other biomass-burning (BB) aerosols are critical components of climate forcing but quantification, predictive climate modeling, and policy decisions have been hampered by limited understanding of the climate drivers of BB and by the lack of long-term records. Prior modeling studies suggested that increased Northern Hemisphere anthropogenic BC emissions increased recent temperatures and regional precipitation, including a northward shift in the Inter-Tropical Convergence Zone (ITCZ). Two Antarctic ice cores were analyzed for BC and the longest record shows that the highest BC deposition during the Holocene occurred ~8-6k years before present in a period of relatively high austral burning season and low growing season insolation. Atmospheric transport modeling suggests South America (SA) as the dominant source of modern Antarctic BC and, consistent with the ice-core record, climate model experiments using mid-Holocene and preindustrial insolation simulate comparable increases in carbon loss due to fires in SA during the mid-Holocene. SA climate proxies document a northward shifted ITCZ and weakened SA Summer Monsoon (SASM) during this period, with associated impacts on hydroclimate and burning. A second Antarctic ice core spanning the last 2.5k years documents similar linkages between hydroclimate and BC, with the lowest deposition during the Little Ice Age characterized by a southerly shifted ITCZ and strengthened SASM. These new results indicate that insolation-driven changes in SA hydroclimate and BB, likely linked to the position of the ITCZ, modulated Antarctic BC deposition during most of the Holocene and suggests connections and feedbacks between future BC emissions and hydroclimate.", "east": 162.14059, "geometry": ["POINT(161.77742 -77.79978)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Black Carbon; Chemistry:Ice; Cryosphere; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS divide; Antarctica", "north": -77.73489, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "McConnell, Joseph; Arienzo, Monica", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Integrated High Resolution Chemical and Biological Measurements on the Deep WAIS Divide Core", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000273", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Integrated High Resolution Chemical and Biological Measurements on the Deep WAIS Divide Core"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -77.86467, "title": "Holocene Black Carbon in Antarctica", "uid": "601034", "west": 161.41425}, {"awards": "0944653 Forster, Richard", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-119.4 -78.1,-118.46 -78.1,-117.52 -78.1,-116.58 -78.1,-115.64 -78.1,-114.7 -78.1,-113.76 -78.1,-112.82 -78.1,-111.88 -78.1,-110.94 -78.1,-110 -78.1,-110 -78.29,-110 -78.48,-110 -78.67,-110 -78.86,-110 -79.05,-110 -79.24,-110 -79.43,-110 -79.62,-110 -79.81,-110 -80,-110.94 -80,-111.88 -80,-112.82 -80,-113.76 -80,-114.7 -80,-115.64 -80,-116.58 -80,-117.52 -80,-118.46 -80,-119.4 -80,-119.4 -79.81,-119.4 -79.62,-119.4 -79.43,-119.4 -79.24,-119.4 -79.05,-119.4 -78.86,-119.4 -78.67,-119.4 -78.48,-119.4 -78.29,-119.4 -78.1))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to broaden the knowledge of annual accumulation patterns over the West Antarctic Ice Sheet by processing existing near-surface radar data taken on the US ITASE traverse in 2000 and by gathering and validating new ultra/super-high-frequency (UHF) radar images of near surface layers (to depths of ~15 m), expanding abilities to monitor recent annual accumulation patterns from point source ice cores to radar lines. Shallow (15 m) ice cores will be collected in conjunction with UHF radar images to confirm that radar echoed returns correspond with annual layers, and/or sub-annual density changes in the near-surface snow, as determined from ice core stable isotopes. This project will additionally improve accumulation monitoring from space-borne instruments by comparing the spatial-radar-derived-annual accumulation time series to the passive microwave time series dating back over 3 decades and covering most of Antarctica. The intellectual merit of this project is that mapping the spatial and temporal variations in accumulation rates over the Antarctic ice sheet is essential for understanding ice sheet responses to climate forcing. Antarctic precipitation rate is projected to increase up to 20% in the coming century from the predicted warming. Accumulation is a key component for determining ice sheet mass balance and, hence, sea level rise, yet our ability to measure annual accumulation variability over the past 5 decades (satellite era) is mostly limited to point-source ice cores. Developing a radar and ice core derived annual accumulation dataset will provide validation data for space-born remote sensing algorithms, climate models and, additionally, establish accumulation trends. The broader impacts of the project are that it will advance discovery and understanding within the climatology, glaciology and remote sensing communities by verifying the use of UHF radars to monitor annual layers as determined by visual, chemical and isotopic analysis from corresponding shallow ice cores and will provide a dataset of annual to near-annual accumulation measurements over the past ~5 decades across WAIS divide from existing radar data and proposed radar data. By determining if temporal changes in the passive microwave signal are correlated with temporal changes in accumulation will help assess the utility of passive microwave remote sensing to monitor accumulation rates over ice sheets for future decades. The project will promote teaching, training and learning, and increase representation of underrepresented groups by becoming involved in the NASA History of Winter project and Thermochron Mission and by providing K-12 teachers with training to monitor snow accumulation and temperature here in the US, linking polar research to the student\u0027s backyard. The project will train both undergraduate and graduate students in polar research and will encouraging young investigators to become involved in careers in science. In particular, two REU students will participate in original research projects as part of this larger project, from development of a hypothesis to presentation and publication of the results. The support of a new, young woman scientist will help to increase gender diversity in polar research.\n", "east": -110.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-114.7 -79.05)"], "keywords": "Airborne Radar; Antarctica; Cryosphere; Geology/Geophysics - Other; Glaciers/Ice Sheet; Glaciology; Radar; WAIS divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS divide; Antarctica", "north": -78.1, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Forster, Richard", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Annual satellite era accumulation patterns over WAIS Divide: A study using shallow ice cores, near-surface radars and satellites", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000079", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Annual satellite era accumulation patterns over WAIS Divide: A study using shallow ice cores, near-surface radars and satellites"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": "WAIS Divide Ice Core", "south": -80.0, "title": "Annual Satellite Era Accumulation Patterns Over WAIS Divide: A Study Using Shallow Ice Cores, Near-Surface Radars and Satellites", "uid": "600146", "west": -119.4}, {"awards": "1142010 Talghader, Joseph", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-148.81 -79.42,-145.111 -79.42,-141.412 -79.42,-137.713 -79.42,-134.014 -79.42,-130.315 -79.42,-126.616 -79.42,-122.917 -79.42,-119.218 -79.42,-115.519 -79.42,-111.82 -79.42,-111.82 -79.643,-111.82 -79.866,-111.82 -80.089,-111.82 -80.312,-111.82 -80.535,-111.82 -80.758,-111.82 -80.981,-111.82 -81.204,-111.82 -81.427,-111.82 -81.65,-115.519 -81.65,-119.218 -81.65,-122.917 -81.65,-126.616 -81.65,-130.315 -81.65,-134.014 -81.65,-137.713 -81.65,-141.412 -81.65,-145.111 -81.65,-148.81 -81.65,-148.81 -81.427,-148.81 -81.204,-148.81 -80.981,-148.81 -80.758,-148.81 -80.535,-148.81 -80.312,-148.81 -80.089,-148.81 -79.866,-148.81 -79.643,-148.81 -79.42))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2015 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This award supports a project to combine the expertise of both glaciologists and optical engineers to develop polarization- preserving optical scattering techniques for borehole tools to identify changes in high-resolution crystal structure (fabric) and dust content of glacial ice. The intellectual merit of this work is that the fabric and impurity content of the ice contain details on climate, volcanic activity and ice flow history. Such fabric measurements are currently taken by slicing an ice core into sections after it has started to depressurize which is an extremely time-intensive process that damages the core and does not always preserve the properties of ice in its in-situ state. In addition the ice core usually must be consumed in order to measure the components of the dust. The fabric measurements of this study utilize the concept that singly-scattered light in ice preserves most of its polarization when it is backscattered once from bubbles or dust; therefore, changes to the polarization of singly-backscattered light must originate with the birefringence. Measurements based on this concept will enable this program to obtain continuous records of fabric and correlate them to chronology and dust content. The project will also develop advanced borehole instruments to replace current logging tools, which require optical sources, detectors and power cables to be submerged in borehole fluid and lowered into the ice sheet at temperatures of -50oC. The use of telecommunications fiber will allow all sources and detectors to remain at the surface and enable low-noise signal processing techniques such as lock-in amplification that increase signal integrity and reduce needed power. Further, fiber logging systems would be much smaller and more flexible than current tools and capable of navigating most boreholes without a heavy winch. In order to assess fabric in situ and test fiber-optic borehole tools, field measurements will be made at WAIS Divide and a deep log will also be made at Siple Dome, both in West Antarctica. If successful, the broader impacts of the proposed research would include the development of new analytical methods and lightweight logging tools for ice drilling research that can operate in boreholes drilled in ice. Eventually the work could result in the development of better prehistoric records of glacier flow, atmospheric particulates, precipitation, and climate forcing. The project encompasses a broad base of theoretical, experimental, and design work, which makes it ideal for training graduate students and advanced undergraduates. Collaboration with schools and classroom teachers will help bring aspects of optics, climate, and polar science to an existing Middle School curriculum.", "east": -111.82, "geometry": ["POINT(-130.315 -80.535)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Ash Layer; Borehole Camera; Cryosphere; Glaciology; Ice Core Records; WAIS divide; WAIS Divide Ice Core", "locations": "WAIS divide; Antarctica", "north": -79.42, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Talghader, Joseph", "project_titles": "Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000339", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -81.65, "title": "Optical Fabric and Fiber Logging of Glacial Ice (1142010)", "uid": "600172", "west": -148.81}, {"awards": "0801392 Swanson, Brian", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -60,-144 -60,-108 -60,-72 -60,-36 -60,0 -60,36 -60,72 -60,108 -60,144 -60,180 -60,180 -63,180 -66,180 -69,180 -72,180 -75,180 -78,180 -81,180 -84,180 -87,180 -90,144 -90,108 -90,72 -90,36 -90,0 -90,-36 -90,-72 -90,-108 -90,-144 -90,-180 -90,-180 -87,-180 -84,-180 -81,-180 -78,-180 -75,-180 -72,-180 -69,-180 -66,-180 -63,-180 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The primary objective of this research is to investigate polar marine psychrophilic bacteria for their potential to nucleate ice using a combination of microbiological, molecular biological and atmospheric science approaches in the laboratory. Very little is known about how psychrophiles interact and cope with ice or their adaptations to conditions of extreme cold and salinity. This work will involve a series of laboratory experiments using a novel freeze-tube technique for assaying freezing spectra which will provide quantitative information on: (i) the temperature-dependent freezing rates for heterogeneously frozen droplets containing sea-ice bacteria, (ii) the proportional occurrence of ice-nucleation activity versus anti-freeze activity among sea-ice bacterial isolates and (iii) the temperature-dependent freezing rates of bacteria with ice-nucleation activity grown at a range of temperatures and salinities. The compound(s) responsible for the observed activity will be identified, which is an essential step towards the development of an in-situ bacterial ice-nucleation detection assay that can be applied in the field to Antarctic water and cloud samples. One of the goals of this work is to better understand survival and cold adaptation processes of polar marine bacteria confronted with freezing conditions in sea ice. Since sea ice strongly impacts polar, as well as the global climates, this research is of significant interest because it will also provide data for accessing the importance of bacterial ice nucleation in the formation of sea ice. These measurements of ice-nucleation rates will be the first high-resolution measurements for psychrophilic marine bacteria. Another goal is to better understand the impact of bacterial ice initiation processes in polar clouds by making high-resolution measurements of nucleation rates for cloud bacteria found over Arctic and Antarctic regions. Initial measurements indicate these bacteria nucleate ice at warmer temperatures and the effect in polar regions may be quite important, since ice can strongly impact cloud dynamics, cloud radiative properties, precipitation formation, and cloud chemistry. If these initial measurements are confirmed, the data collected here will be important for improving the understanding of polar cloud processes and models. A third goal is to better understand the molecular basis of marine bacterial ice nucleation by characterizing the ice-nucleation compound and comparing it with those of known plant-derived ice-nucleating bacteria, which are the only ice-nucleating bacteria examined in detail to date. The proposed activity will support the beginning academic career of a post-doctoral researcher and will serve as the basis for several undergraduate student laboratory projects. Results from this research will be widely published in various scientific journals and outreach venues.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(0 -89.999)"], "keywords": "Biology; Biosphere; Cryosphere; Microbiology; Oceans; Raman Spectroscopy; Sea Ice; Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Sea Surface; Southern Ocean", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Swanson, Brian", "project_titles": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000195", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -90.0, "title": "Ice Nucleation by Marine Psychrophiles", "uid": "600087", "west": -180.0}, {"awards": "0636899 Mende, Stephen", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2008 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Auroral protons are not energized by electric fields directly above the auroral atmosphere and therefore they are a much better diagnostic of processes deep in the magnetosphere. It has been shown from measurements from space by the IMAGE spacecraft that the dayside hydrogen emission is directly related to dayside reconnection processes. A four channel all-sky images had been operating at South Pole during 2004-2007 to observe auroral features in specific wavelengths channels that allowed a quantitative investigation of proton aurora. This was accomplished by measuring the Hydrogen Balmer beta line at 486.1 nm and by monitoring another wavelength band for subtracting non proton produced background emissions. South Pole allows these measurements because of the 24 hour darkness and favorable conditions even on the dayside. To increase the scientific return it was also attempted to measure the Doppler shift of the hydrogen emissions because that provides diagnostics regarding the energy of the protons. Thus the proton camera measured 3 wavelength bands simultaneously in the vicinity of the Balmer beta line to provide the line intensity near zero Doppler shift, at a substantial Doppler shift and a third channel for background. \n\nThe 4-channel all-sky camera at South Pole was modified in 2008 in order to observe several types of auroras, and to distinguish the cusp reconnection aurora from the normal plasma sheet precipitation. The camera simultaneously operates in four wavelength regions that allow a distinction between auroras that are created by higher energy electrons (greater than 1 keV) and those created by low energy (less than 500 eV) precipitation. The cusp is the location where plasma enters the magnetosphere through the process of magnetic reconnection. This reconnection occurs where the Interplanetary Magnetic Field (IMF) and the terrestrial magnetic field are oriented in opposite directions. \n\nThe data are represented as keograms (geomagnetic north-south slices through the time series of images) for the four different wavelengths. The top of the keogram points to the magnetic south pole. The time series allows a very quick assessment about the presence of aurora, motion, intensity, and brightness differences in the four simultaneously registered channels.", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Antarctica; Atmosphere; Aurora; Cosmos; Photo/Video", "locations": "Antarctica", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Frey, Harald; Mende, Stephen", "project_titles": "Antarctic Auroral Imaging", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000361", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Antarctic Auroral Imaging"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Antarctic Auroral Imaging", "uid": "600070", "west": null}]

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