USAP-DC

{"dp_type": "Dataset", "free_text": "Foraging Ecology"}

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This includes the processed movement data, the diving behavior in terms of time and depth and the metadata for each seal", "east": -33.28278, "geometry": ["POINT(-53.1947405 -60.802281)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Body Mass; Diving Behavior; Leopard Seal; Seals", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -52.962091, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Costa, Daniel", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Foraging Ecology and Physiology of the Leopard Seal", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010419", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Foraging Ecology and Physiology of the Leopard Seal"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.642471, "title": "Leopard Seal Diving behavior data", "uid": "601690", "west": -73.106701}, {"awards": "1644256 Costa, Daniel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-73.106701 -52.962091,-69.1243089 -52.962091,-65.1419168 -52.962091,-61.159524700000006 -52.962091,-57.1771326 -52.962091,-53.1947405 -52.962091,-49.2123484 -52.962091,-45.2299563 -52.962091,-41.2475642 -52.962091,-37.2651721 -52.962091,-33.28278 -52.962091,-33.28278 -54.530129,-33.28278 -56.098167000000004,-33.28278 -57.666205000000005,-33.28278 -59.234243,-33.28278 -60.802281,-33.28278 -62.370319,-33.28278 -63.938357,-33.28278 -65.506395,-33.28278 -67.074433,-33.28278 -68.642471,-37.2651721 -68.642471,-41.2475642 -68.642471,-45.2299563 -68.642471,-49.2123484 -68.642471,-53.1947405 -68.642471,-57.1771326 -68.642471,-61.159524700000006 -68.642471,-65.1419168 -68.642471,-69.1243089 -68.642471,-73.106701 -68.642471,-73.106701 -67.074433,-73.106701 -65.506395,-73.106701 -63.938356999999996,-73.106701 -62.370319,-73.106701 -60.802281,-73.106701 -59.234243,-73.106701 -57.666205,-73.106701 -56.098167000000004,-73.106701 -54.530129,-73.106701 -52.962091))"], "date_created": "Thu, 11 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The data provided here are the processed dive records obtained via Argos from the MK-10 Wildlife Computers tags. This includes the processed movement data, the diving behavior in terms of time and depth and the metadata for each seal", "east": -33.28278, "geometry": ["POINT(-53.1947405 -60.802281)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Antarctic Peninsula; Biota; Body Mass; Diving Behavior; Leopard Seal; Movement Data; Seals", "locations": "Antarctic Peninsula; Antarctica", "north": -52.962091, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Costa, Daniel", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Foraging Ecology and Physiology of the Leopard Seal", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010419", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Foraging Ecology and Physiology of the Leopard Seal"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -68.642471, "title": "Leopard Seal movement data", "uid": "601689", "west": -73.106701}, {"awards": "1943550 McDonald, Birgitte", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((164 -75,165.6 -75,167.2 -75,168.8 -75,170.4 -75,172 -75,173.6 -75,175.2 -75,176.8 -75,178.4 -75,180 -75,180 -75.3,180 -75.6,180 -75.9,180 -76.2,180 -76.5,180 -76.8,180 -77.1,180 -77.4,180 -77.7,180 -78,178.4 -78,176.8 -78,175.2 -78,173.6 -78,172 -78,170.4 -78,168.8 -78,167.2 -78,165.6 -78,164 -78,164 -77.7,164 -77.4,164 -77.1,164 -76.8,164 -76.5,164 -76.2,164 -75.9,164 -75.6,164 -75.3,164 -75))"], "date_created": "Wed, 10 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes an inventory of emperor penguins captured during late chick rearing at the Cape Crozier colony in November 2022. Observations recorded include capture date, instrumentation, body mass, flipper length, and samples collected.", "east": 180.0, "geometry": ["POINT(172 -76.5)"], "keywords": "Animal Tracking; Antarctica; Biota; Emperor Penguin; GPS; Late Chick Rearing; Ross Sea", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -75.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "McDonald, Birgitte", "project_titles": "CAREER: Foraging Ecology and Physiology of Emperor Penguins in the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010232", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "CAREER: Foraging Ecology and Physiology of Emperor Penguins in the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Late chick-rearing foraging ecology of emperor penguins from the Cape Crozier colony", "uid": "601688", "west": 164.0}, {"awards": "1943550 McDonald, Birgitte", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-160 -74,-158 -74,-156 -74,-154 -74,-152 -74,-150 -74,-148 -74,-146 -74,-144 -74,-142 -74,-140 -74,-140 -74.3,-140 -74.6,-140 -74.9,-140 -75.2,-140 -75.5,-140 -75.8,-140 -76.1,-140 -76.4,-140 -76.7,-140 -77,-142 -77,-144 -77,-146 -77,-148 -77,-150 -77,-152 -77,-154 -77,-156 -77,-158 -77,-160 -77,-160 -76.7,-160 -76.4,-160 -76.1,-160 -75.8,-160 -75.5,-160 -75.2,-160 -74.9,-160 -74.6,-160 -74.3,-160 -74))"], "date_created": "Mon, 08 May 2023 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "This dataset includes an inventory of emperor penguins captured after their molt in February 2023. Observations recorded include capture date, instrumentation, body mass, flipper length, and samples collected. ", "east": -140.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-150 -75.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Emperor Penguin; NBP2302; Post-Molt; Ross Sea", "locations": "Antarctica; Ross Sea", "north": -74.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "McDonald, Birgitte", "project_titles": "CAREER: Foraging Ecology and Physiology of Emperor Penguins in the Ross Sea", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010232", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "CAREER: Foraging Ecology and Physiology of Emperor Penguins in the Ross Sea"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.0, "title": "Post-molt emperor penguin foraging ecology", "uid": "601686", "west": -160.0}, {"awards": "0003956 Burns, Jennifer; 0523338 Burns, Jennifer", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-70 -65,-69.5 -65,-69 -65,-68.5 -65,-68 -65,-67.5 -65,-67 -65,-66.5 -65,-66 -65,-65.5 -65,-65 -65,-65 -65.5,-65 -66,-65 -66.5,-65 -67,-65 -67.5,-65 -68,-65 -68.5,-65 -69,-65 -69.5,-65 -70,-65.5 -70,-66 -70,-66.5 -70,-67 -70,-67.5 -70,-68 -70,-68.5 -70,-69 -70,-69.5 -70,-70 -70,-70 -69.5,-70 -69,-70 -68.5,-70 -68,-70 -67.5,-70 -67,-70 -66.5,-70 -66,-70 -65.5,-70 -65))"], "date_created": "Fri, 24 Jun 2022 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Total body oxygen stores were determined for adult crabeater seals in the Marguerite Bay region of the Western Antarctic Peninsula. This study was conducted in 2001 and 2002 as part of the Southern Ocean GLOBEC collaboration.", "east": -65.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-67.5 -67.5)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Crabeater Seal; GLOBEC; Hemoglobin; LMG0104; LMG0106; LMG0204; LMG0205; Marguerite Bay; Myoglobin; Oxygen Stores; Seals", "locations": "Marguerite Bay; Antarctica", "north": -65.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Organisms and Ecosystems", "persons": "Burns, Jennifer", "project_titles": "Foraging Ecology of Crabeater Seals (Lobodon Carcinophagus)", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010345", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Foraging Ecology of Crabeater Seals (Lobodon Carcinophagus)"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -70.0, "title": "Crabeater seal oxygen stores", "uid": "601583", "west": -70.0}, {"awards": "1543498 Ballard, Grant", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-180 -65,-176 -65,-172 -65,-168 -65,-164 -65,-160 -65,-156 -65,-152 -65,-148 -65,-144 -65,-140 -65,-140 -66.3,-140 -67.6,-140 -68.9,-140 -70.2,-140 -71.5,-140 -72.8,-140 -74.1,-140 -75.4,-140 -76.7,-140 -78,-144 -78,-148 -78,-152 -78,-156 -78,-160 -78,-164 -78,-168 -78,-172 -78,-176 -78,180 -78,177 -78,174 -78,171 -78,168 -78,165 -78,162 -78,159 -78,156 -78,153 -78,150 -78,150 -76.7,150 -75.4,150 -74.1,150 -72.8,150 -71.5,150 -70.2,150 -68.9,150 -67.6,150 -66.3,150 -65,153 -65,156 -65,159 -65,162 -65,165 -65,168 -65,171 -65,174 -65,177 -65,-180 -65))"], "date_created": "Mon, 01 Nov 2021 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "Positions of migrating, molting, and wintering Adelie penguins from Cape Royds and Cape Crozier, Ross Island as calculated from geolocation sensors (GLS) using probabilistic methods (R package SGAT)", "east": -140.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-175 -71.5)"], "keywords": "Adelie Penguin; Animal Behavior Observation; Antarctica; Biologging; Biota; Foraging Ecology; Geolocator; GPS Data; Migration; Ross Sea; Winter", "locations": "Ross Sea; Antarctica", "north": -65.0, "nsf_funding_programs": "Antarctic Instrumentation and Support", "persons": "Ballard, Grant; Schmidt, Annie; Lescroel, Amelie; Dugger, Katie; Ainley, David; Lisovski, Simeon", "project_titles": "A Full Lifecycle Approach to Understanding Ad\u00e9lie Penguin Response to Changing Pack Ice Conditions in the Ross Sea.", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0010177", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "A Full Lifecycle Approach to Understanding Ad\u00e9lie Penguin Response to Changing Pack Ice Conditions in the Ross Sea."}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -78.0, "title": "Locations of Adelie penguins from geolocating dive recorders 2017-2019", "uid": "601482", "west": 150.0}, {"awards": "1019838 Wendt, Dean", "bounds_geometry": null, "date_created": "Tue, 01 Jan 2013 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The Antarctic Peninsula is among the most rapidly warming regions on earth. Increased heat from the Antarctic Circumpolar Current has elevated the temperature of the 300 m of shelf water below the permanent pycnocline by 0.7 degrees C. This trend has displaced the once dominant cold, dry continental Antarctic climate, and is causing multi-level responses in the marine ecosystem. One striking example of the ecosystem response to warming has been the local declines in ice-dependent Ad\u00e9lie penguins. The changes in these apex predators are thought to be driven by alterations in phytoplankton and zooplankton community composition, and the foraging limitations and diet differences between these species. One of the most elusive questions facing researchers interested in the foraging ecology of the Ad\u00e9lie penguin, namely, what are the biophysical properties that characterize the three dimensional foraging space of this top predator? The research will combine the real-time site and diving information from the Ad\u00e9lie penguin satellite tags with the full characterization of the oceanography and the penguins prey field using an autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV). While some of these changes have been documented over large spatial scales of the WAP, it is now thought that the causal mechanisms that favor of one life history strategy over another may actually operate over much smaller scales than previously thought, specifically on the scale of local breeding sites and over-wintering areas. Characterization of prey fields on these local scales has yet to be done and one that the AUV is ideally suited. The results will have a direct tie to the climate induced changes that are occurring in the West Antarctic Peninsula. This study will also highlight a new approach to linking an autonomous platform to bird behavior that could be expanded to include the other two species of penguins and examine the seasonal differences in their foraging behavior and prey selection. From a vehicle perspective, this effort will inform the AUV user community of new sensor suites and/or data processing approaches that are required to better evaluate foraging habitat. The project also will help transition AUV platforms into routine investigative tools for this region, which is chronically under sampled and will remain difficult to access\n", "east": null, "geometry": null, "keywords": "Biota; Oceans; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean", "north": null, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Wendt, Dean; Moline, Mark", "project_titles": "Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000662", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": null, "title": "Real-Time Characterization of Adelie Penguin Foraging Environment Using an Autonomous Underwater Vehicle", "uid": "600120", "west": null}, {"awards": "0440687 Costa, Daniel", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((-64 -60,-63 -60,-62 -60,-61 -60,-60 -60,-59 -60,-58 -60,-57 -60,-56 -60,-55 -60,-54 -60,-54 -60.4,-54 -60.8,-54 -61.2,-54 -61.6,-54 -62,-54 -62.4,-54 -62.8,-54 -63.2,-54 -63.6,-54 -64,-55 -64,-56 -64,-57 -64,-58 -64,-59 -64,-60 -64,-61 -64,-62 -64,-63 -64,-64 -64,-64 -63.6,-64 -63.2,-64 -62.8,-64 -62.4,-64 -62,-64 -61.6,-64 -61.2,-64 -60.8,-64 -60.4,-64 -60))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "As long-lived animals, marine mammals must be capable of accommodating broad variations in food resources over large spatial and temporal scales. While this is true of all marine mammals, variation in the physical and biological environmental is particularly profound in the Southern Ocean. A basic understanding of the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of pelagic predators requires knowledge of this spatial and temporal variation, coupled with information of how they respond to these changes. Current understanding of these associations is primarily limited to population level studies where animal abundance has been correlated with oceanography. Although these studies are informative, they cannot provide insights into the strategies employed by individual animals nor can they provide insights into the spatial or temporal course of these interactions. Recent technological advances in instrumentation make it possible to extend an understanding beyond the simple linkage of prey and predator distributions with environmental features. The key to understanding the processes that lead to high predator abundance is the identification of the specific foraging behaviors associated with different features of the water column. This study will accomplish these objectives by combining accurate positional data, measures of diving and foraging behavior, animal-derived water-column temperature and salinity data, and available oceanographic data. This project will examine the foraging behavior and habitat utilization of two species of contrasting foraging ecology, the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina, and the crabeater seal, Lobodon carcinophagus in the Western Antarctic Peninsula, a region of strong environmental gradients. Although these two species are phylogenetically related, they utilize substantially different but adjacent habitat types. Southern elephant seals are predominantly pelagic, moving throughout the southern ocean, venturing occasionally into the seasonal pack ice whereas crabeater seals range throughout the seasonal pack ice, venturing occasionally into open water. The relationship of specific foraging behaviors and animal movement patterns to oceanographic and bathymetric features develop and test models of the importance of these features in defining habitat use will be determined along with a comparison of how individuals of each species respond to annual variability in the marine environment. The physical oceanography of the Southern Ocean is inherently complex as are the biological processes that are intrinsically linked to oceanographic processes. Significant resources are currently being directed toward developing mathematical models of physical oceanographic processes with the goals of better understanding the role that the Southern Ocean plays in global climate processes, predicting the responses of ocean and global scale processes to climate change, and understanding the linkages between physical and biological oceanographic processes. These efforts have been limited by the scarcity of oceanographic data in the region, especially at high latitudes in the winter months. This study will provide new and significant oceanographic data on temperature and salinity profiles in to further the understanding of the dynamics of the upper water column of west Antarctic Peninsula continental shelf waters. Outreach activities include website development and an association with a marine education program at the Monterrey Bay Aquarium Research Institute.\n", "east": -54.0, "geometry": ["POINT(-59 -62)"], "keywords": "Bellingshausen Sea; Biota; Oceans; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Southern Ocean; Bellingshausen Sea", "north": -60.0, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Klinck, John M.; Crocker, Daniel; Goebel, Michael; Hofmann, Eileen; Costa, Daniel", "project_titles": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000082", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -64.0, "title": "Habitat Utilization of Southern Ocean Seals: Foraging Behavior of Crabeater and Elephant Seals Using Novel Methods of Oceanographic Data Collection", "uid": "600044", "west": -64.0}, {"awards": "0649609 Horning, Markus", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165.975 -77.54,166.0631 -77.54,166.1512 -77.54,166.2393 -77.54,166.3274 -77.54,166.4155 -77.54,166.5036 -77.54,166.5917 -77.54,166.6798 -77.54,166.7679 -77.54,166.856 -77.54,166.856 -77.5709,166.856 -77.6018,166.856 -77.6327,166.856 -77.6636,166.856 -77.6945,166.856 -77.7254,166.856 -77.7563,166.856 -77.7872,166.856 -77.8181,166.856 -77.849,166.7679 -77.849,166.6798 -77.849,166.5917 -77.849,166.5036 -77.849,166.4155 -77.849,166.3274 -77.849,166.2393 -77.849,166.1512 -77.849,166.0631 -77.849,165.975 -77.849,165.975 -77.8181,165.975 -77.7872,165.975 -77.7563,165.975 -77.7254,165.975 -77.6945,165.975 -77.6636,165.975 -77.6327,165.975 -77.6018,165.975 -77.5709,165.975 -77.54))"], "date_created": "Fri, 01 Jan 2010 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The primary objectives of this research are to investigate the proximate effects of aging on diving capability in the Weddell Seal and to describe mechanisms by which aging may influence foraging ecology, through physiology and behavior. This model pinniped species has been the focus of three decades of research in McMurdo Sound, Antarctica. Compared to the knowledge of pinniped diving physiology and ecology during early development and young adulthood, little is known about individuals nearing the upper limit of their normal reproductive age range. Evolutionary aging theories predict that elderly diving seals should exhibit senescence. This should be exacerbated by surges in the generation of oxygen free radicals via hypoxia-reoxygenation during breath-hold diving and hunting, which are implicated in age-related damage to cellular mitochondria. Surprisingly, limited observations of non-threatened pinniped populations indicate that senescence does not occur to a level where reproductive output is affected. The ability of pinnipeds to avoid apparent senescence raises two major questions: what specific physiological and morphological changes occur with advancing age in pinnipeds; and what subtle adjustments are made by these animals to cope with such changes? This investigation will focus on specific, functional physiological and behavioral changes relating to dive capability with advancing age. Data will be compared between Weddell seals in the peak, and near the end, of their reproductive age range. The investigators will quantify age-related changes in general health and body condition, combined with fine scale assessments of external and internal ability to do work in the form of diving. Specifically, patterns of muscle morphology, oxidant status and oxygen storage with age will be examined. The effects of age on skeletal muscular function and exercise performance will also be examined. The investigators hypothesize that senescence does occur in Weddell seals at the level of small-scale, proximate physiological effects and performance, but that behavioral plasticity allows for a given degree of compensation. Broader impacts include the training of students and outreach activities including interviews and articles written for the popular media. This study should also establish diving seals as a novel model for the study of cardiovascular and muscular physiology of aging and develop a foundation for similar research on other species. Advancement of the understanding of aging by medical science has been impressive in recent years but basic mammalian aging is an area of study the still requires considerable effort. The development of new models for the study of aging has tremendous potential benefits to society at large.", "east": 166.856, "geometry": ["POINT(166.4155 -77.6945)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; McMurdo; Oceans; Seals; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; McMurdo; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.54, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Horning, Markus", "project_titles": "Collaborative Research: Aging in Weddell Seals: Proximate Mechanisms of Age-Related Changes in Adaptations to Breath-Hold Hunting in an Extreme Environment", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000487", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "Collaborative Research: Aging in Weddell Seals: Proximate Mechanisms of Age-Related Changes in Adaptations to Breath-Hold Hunting in an Extreme Environment"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.849, "title": "Aging in Weddell Seals: Proximate Mechanisms of Age-Related Changes in Adaptations to Breath-Hold Hunting in an Extreme Environment", "uid": "600071", "west": 165.975}, {"awards": "0538594 Ponganis, Paul", "bounds_geometry": ["POLYGON((165.983 -77.683,166.0164 -77.683,166.0498 -77.683,166.0832 -77.683,166.1166 -77.683,166.15 -77.683,166.1834 -77.683,166.2168 -77.683,166.2502 -77.683,166.2836 -77.683,166.317 -77.683,166.317 -77.6897,166.317 -77.6964,166.317 -77.7031,166.317 -77.7098,166.317 -77.7165,166.317 -77.7232,166.317 -77.7299,166.317 -77.7366,166.317 -77.7433,166.317 -77.75,166.2836 -77.75,166.2502 -77.75,166.2168 -77.75,166.1834 -77.75,166.15 -77.75,166.1166 -77.75,166.0832 -77.75,166.0498 -77.75,166.0164 -77.75,165.983 -77.75,165.983 -77.7433,165.983 -77.7366,165.983 -77.7299,165.983 -77.7232,165.983 -77.7165,165.983 -77.7098,165.983 -77.7031,165.983 -77.6964,165.983 -77.6897,165.983 -77.683))"], "date_created": "Thu, 01 Jan 2009 00:00:00 GMT", "description": "The research will examine blood and muscle oxygen store depletion in relation to the documented aerobic dive limit (ADL, onset of post-dive blood lactate accumulation) in diving of emperor penguins. The intellectual merits of this proposal involve its evaluation of the physiological basis of the ADL concept. The ADL is probably the most commonly-used, but rarely measured, factor to interpret and model the behavior and foraging ecology of diving animals. Based on prior studies, and on recent investigations of respiratory and blood oxygen depletion during dives of emperor penguins, it is hypothesized that the ADL is a result of the depletion of myoglobin (Mb)-bound oxygen and increased glycolysis in the primary locomotory muscles. This project will accurately define the physiological mechanisms underlying the ADL through 1) evaluation of the rate and magnitude of muscle oxygen depletion during dives in relation to the previously measured ADL, 2) characterization of the hemoglobin-oxygen dissociation curve in blood of emperor penguins and comparison of that curve to those of other diving and non-diving species, 3) application of the emperor hemoglogin-oxygen dissociation curve to previously collected oxygen and hemoglobin data in order to estimate the rate and magnitude of blood oxygen depletion during dives, and 4) measurement of muscle phosphoocreatine and glycogen concentrations in order to estimate their potential contributions to muscle energy metabolism during diving. The project also continues the census and monitoring of the emperor colonies in the Ross Sea, which is especially important in light of both fisheries activity and the movement of iceberg B15-A. Broader impacts of the project include: 1) technological development of microprocessor-based, \u0027backpack\u0027 near-infrared spectrophotometer, which will be applicable not only to other species, but also to other fields (i.e., exercise physiology), 2) collaboration with the Department of Anesthesia at the U.S. Naval Hospital in San Diego in the training of anesthesia residents in research techniques, 3) the training and thesis research of two graduate students in these techniques and in Antarctic field research, and 4) a better understanding of the ADL concept and its use in the fields of diving behavior and physiology. In addition the annual census of emperor penguin colonies in the Ross Sea, in conjunction with the continued evaluation of previously developed remote cameras to monitor colony status, will form the basis of a new educational web site, and allow development of an educational outreach program to school children through SeaWorld of San Diego.", "east": 166.317, "geometry": ["POINT(166.15 -77.7165)"], "keywords": "Antarctica; Biota; Oceans; Penguin; Southern Ocean", "locations": "Antarctica; Southern Ocean", "north": -77.683, "nsf_funding_programs": null, "persons": "Ponganis, Paul", "project_titles": "The Aerobic Dive Limit: Oxygen Transport and Depletion in Emperor Penguins", "projects": [{"proj_uid": "p0000535", "repository": "USAP-DC", "title": "The Aerobic Dive Limit: Oxygen Transport and Depletion in Emperor Penguins"}], "repo": "USAP-DC", "repositories": "USAP-DC", "science_programs": null, "south": -77.75, "title": "The Aerobic Dive Limit: Oxygen Transport and Depletion in Emperor Penguins", "uid": "600057", "west": 165.983}]

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